nov_dec_2000

International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association
November/December
what’s
inside
6
10
22
26
Marketplace: It’s not just about “DVRs,” but ITV
Vacuum Vapor Lubrication of Hard Disks
Highlights from DISKCON® USA
Advanced Materials for High Bandwidth
Actuators
2000
Veeco Process
Equipment Ad
www.veeco.com/cluster
No page number
Sept./Oct page 2
Larry
departments
6
Marketplace
16
Storage News
20
Standards Update
30
Membership Update
35
Industry Calendar
40
Committee Focus
44
Technical Education
46
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
articles
6
It’s not just about “DVRs,”
but ITV
10
Vacuum Vapor Lubrication
of Hard Disks
26
Advanced Materials for
High Bandwidth Actuators
(Part 1)
upcoming features
Advanced Materials for High
Bandwidth Actuators (Part 2)
IDEMA President, Larry Eischen
As I write this letter, DISKCON USA has just concluded
and I wanted to give you a report about the show we all
know is the world’s largest tradeshow and technical
conference dedicated to the data storage industry.
Although the number of exhibiting firms was down
somewhat compared to 1999 (412 exhibitors/858 booths),
this year’s DISKCON USA may have been IDEMA’s best
show ever.
Our exhibitor firms occupied over 700 booths (totaling 71,200 square feet) in the San Jose
Convention Center. Among this year’s exhibitors were 52 new companies—a much higher number
than in previous years. (Might this be an indicator of better times ahead?) I would like to
compliment the exhibitors on their innovative booth designs and exemplary preparation of their
exhibit space. The result was an exceptionally professional tradeshow that was very inviting to all
visitors that attended during the two-day exhibition (the exhibitors seemed unanimous in their
preference for this year’s two-day format).
One of the events held during DISKCON that I was especially pleased about was the overwhelming
success of the Technical Conference. The scope of this year’s conference was expanded to nine
sessions in order to provide a more complete assessment of storage technologies, application
requirements, and business outlooks for the industry. To give attendees an opportunity to choose
from a variety of topics, some of the sessions were held concurrently—a “first” for DISKCON. The
member volunteers who planned and staged the Technical Conference worked diligently since last
November to put together a conference with richer and more varied technical content than ever
before. These efforts resulted in a high quality, yet cost-effective program and an increase in
conference attendance by almost thirty percent (another indicator?). I’m certain that the increase
in attendance was one of the reasons why many exhibitors commented that visitors stopping by
their booths this year were exactly the people they were hoping to reach.
I would like to extend my thanks to all of the member volunteers who generously gave of their
time to help IDEMA present this year’s DISKCON USA. I also want to send a very special “Thank
You” to the small (but extremely dedicated) staff here at IDEMA who managed all the details and
pulled it all together in a seamless yet cohesive manner.
IDEMA’s member volunteers are already hard at work planning DISKCON Asia-Pacific in both
Penang, Malaysia (Mar. 12, 2001) and Singapore (Mar. 14 & 15, 2001), as well as DISKCON Japan in
Tokyo (Apr. 18—20, 2001). Companies interested in securing exhibit space at either of these events
may do so by contacting us at 408.492.1436.
Changing the subject, I would like to comment on the opportunity for volunteerism within our
industry. Volunteers are extremely important in helping this Association to develop and deliver
many services that are relied upon by our member companies and their employees. Volunteers
founded IDEMA in 1986; the Board of Directors are volunteers; the committees that plan our
events are volunteers; and the industry standards are developed by volunteers—the IDEMA staff
only facilitates the contributions made by these industry volunteers. I work closely with these
contributors and I can attest to the satisfaction that they gain as they clearly have a positive effect
on the progress and growth of the data storage industry.
If you are not currently involved in any IDEMA activities, I would encourage you to do so. You
will enjoy the experience of collaborating with industry colleagues and professionals, and you will
be instrumental in shaping the success of the data storage industry. If you would like to discuss
our volunteer opportunities, or want further information about the active IDEMA committees,
please give me a call at 408.330.8101 or send me an e-mail at [email protected].
INSIGHT Editor
Jeri Burdick, [email protected]
408.330.8107
Creative Director
Chris Carrig, [email protected]
408.330.8110
Communications Chair
Wayne Fortun,
Hutchinson Technology, Inc.
Communications Committee
Larry Anderson, Komag , Inc.
Chris Bajorek, Komag, Inc.
Jay Kimmal, HMT Technology
Don Mounce, Gem City
Engineering Company
Don Perettie, ADMAT
International
IDEMA Staff—U.S.
Tsuneo Suganuma—Chair
Hitachi, Ltd.
Chris H. Bajorek, Ph.D.
Komag, Inc.
Akira Kakehi—Vice Chair
Fujitsu, Ltd.
Edward H. Braun
Veeco Instruments, Inc.
Hiromi Kamimura—Vice Chair
Toshiba Corporation
Jeri Burdick
INSIGHT Editor/Technical
Writer
408.330.8107
Larry Eischen
IDEMA
Hideki Harada—Auditor
HTA
Wayne M. Fortun
Hutchinson Technology, Inc.
Tatsuo Sugiura—Executive Director
IDEMA Japan
Christine Carrig
Creative Director/Webmaster
408.330.8110
Osmund “Oz” Fundingsland
—Secretary
OSF International
Kunio Hatanaka
Kobe Steel, Ltd.
Larry Eischen
President
408.330.8101
Mark Geenen
TRENDFOCUS, Inc.
Sally Bryant, Ed.D.
Director, Education
408.330.8106
Trudy Gressley
Finance/Office Manager
408.330.8105
Articles
Article contributions are
welcome and are subject to
editing by IDEMA.
Debbie Lee
Director, Services
408.330.8108
Advertising
Aisling Malone
Tradeshow Assistant
408.492.1436
Subscription
INSIGHT is produced bimonthly.
For your free subscription (U.S.
only), register online at
www.idema.org.
Beth McCullough
Tradeshow Coordinator
408.492.1436
Kristen Montan
Program Manager, Standards
408.330.8109
Adoracion Yanogacio
Administrative Assistant
408.330.8100
IDEMA Staff—Asia-Pacific
Wendy Ang
Training Executive
Sharmini Pathman
Administrative Executive
INSIGHT is a free, bimonthly
association magazine, published by
the International Disk Drive
Equipment and Materials Association
(IDEMA). The goal of INSIGHT is to
inform IDEMA members, and industry
professionals worldwide, about
emerging technologies, and
upcoming IDEMA trade events, as
well as educational opportunities.
INSIGHT is read by more than
24,000 engineers, scientists, and
technical managers worldwide.
© Copyright 2000 IDEMA. All rights
reserved. No part of this publication
can be reproduced without the
written permission of IDEMA. IDEMA
and DISKCON are registered
trademarks of the International Disk
Drive Equipment and Materials
Association. Other product names or
brands used in this publication are
for identification purposes only and
may be trademarks of their respective
companies.
Board of Directors—Japan
Pantelis S. Alexopoulos, Ph.D.
Maxtor Corporation
Barbara Alvarez, CMP
Tradeshow Manager
408.492.1436
Lisa Hood
Administrative Coordinator
408.330.8103
Advertising is offered to IDEMA
corporate members only. Ad
space is available for the first
issue of 2001; ad close is Dec.
4, with materials due Dec. 11.
2001 Editorial calendar and
advertising rates will be available at www.idema.org.
Board of Directors—U.S.
K.Y. Phua
Managing Director
65.226.3412
IDEMA Staff—Japan
Naoko Miura
Editor/Seminars
Tatsuo Sugiura
Executive Director
81.3.3539.7071
Akiko Yamamoto
Finance/Standards
Ed Grochowski, Ph.D.
IBM Almaden Research Center
William “Bill“ Harry
Exclusive Design Company (EDC)
Dennis Hill
John Kurtzweil —Vice
Chair/Treasurer
Read-Rite Corporation
Yuichi Hyakusoku
Mediken, Inc.
Youichi Ino
Anelva Corporation
Shun Kaneko
Iomega Japan Corp.
Noboru Kubokawa
Institute of Information
Technology, Ltd.
Mikio Matsuzaki
TDK Corporation
Brian Nixon
Quantum Corporation
Tadashi Shinohara
Hitachi Metals, Ltd.
Donald J. Perettie, Ph.D.
ADMAT International
Isao Suzuki
Hoya Corporation
Norman H. Pond
Intevac, Inc.
Takaaki Takashima
IBM Japan, Ltd.
James N. Porter
DISK/TREND, Inc.
Akira Terada
Alps Electric Co., Ltd.
Barry Rossum
Acorn Technology
Tetsuo Tsuru
Hitachi Electronics Engineering Co.,
Ltd.
Michael A. Russak, Ph.D.
HMT Technology Corporation
John F. Schaefer
Phase Metrics, Inc.
Robert D. Selinger, Ph.D.
Tsuneo Suganuma
Hitachi, Ltd.
Joel R. Weiss, Ph.D.—Chair
Seagate Recording Media Group
Management Committee—
Asia-Pacific
Herbert Ang
3M Singapore
Gary Davis Davis
Consultants Asia
Adam Giandomenico
Lighthouse Worldwide Solutions
Gaylord Ho
Vector Magnetics Pte. Ltd.
S.C. Lee
Maxtor Peripherals (S) Pte. Ltd.
Teh-Bong Lim
MMI Holdings Ltd.
C.T. Low
Halo Data Devices Pte. Ltd.
Tom McDorman
Western Digital
K.Y. Phua
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Henry "Hank" Pselos
Xyratex Pte. Ltd.
Chang Faa Shoon
Seagate Technology
Kelly Tan
Seagate Technology
William Tan
Megatech Electronics Pte. Ltd.
Haruo Urai
NEC Corporation
Joel R. Weiss, Ph.D.
Seagate Recording Media Group
Hideaki Yamazaki
Spider Systems of Japan, Inc.
Nobuaki Yoshioka
NEC Corporation
IDEMA—U.S.
3255 Scott Boulevard
Suite 2-102
Santa Clara, CA 95054-3013
USA
Phone: 408.330.8100
Fax: 408.492.1425
IDEMA—Asia-Pacific
53B Temple Street
Singapore 058598
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 65.226.3412
Fax: 65.226.3413
IDEMA—Japan
Wataru Building, 6th Floor
2-11-9, Nishi Shinbashi
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003
Japan
Phone: 81.3.3539.7071
Fax: 81.3.3539.7072
Jeri Burdick
“I’m looking for some kind of happy medium,” said the hard drive to the disk…
In past issues of INSIGHT, the overall length of feature articles has been restricted to 1,500 words or
less. On many occasions this resulted in declining a great article due to its length, or having to edit it
(cutting copy) to make it fit. We don’t want to lose potential articles for INSIGHT just because there are
too many words (or figures), much less have to edit them to condense the copy. Therefore, from time
to time (starting with this issue—see article on pp. 26–29) we will divide lengthy articles into two-part
segments, with the second one published in the next issue of the magazine.
Please note: while our preference regarding the maximum length of an article remains at 1,500 words
or less, the ultimate goal is to provide high-quality technical and market trend articles. With that in
mind, we will be flexible on length when warranted.
Volunteers welcome!
The Committee Focus for this issue (see pp. 40–41) provides an overview of IDEMA committees.
Members participating on these committees do so on a volunteer basis and are actively involved in
determining committee focus. As a nonprofit organization we depend on these volunteers for their
technical expertise, as well as the personal time they give up in order to attend committee meetings and
IDEMA events. If you would like to participate on a committee (and are currently a member of IDEMA),
please contact the appropriate IDEMA staff liaison (see Committee Focus article) for additional
information.
2001 Media Kits available in November
We are currently developing INSIGHT advertising and editorial calendars for 2001, with a media kit
planned for distribution in late November. This information will also be posted online at www.idema.org
as soon as it is available—if you want a 2001 Media Kit automatically sent to you in November, send me
a request by e-mail ([email protected]) and make sure to include your address.
It’s not just about “DVRs,” but ITV
Danielle M. Levitas, IDC
Of course, all consumer devices (and just about
any computing device) need storage, but the
question is: which device will need what type of
storage? Moreover, how much storage will it
need? Is the type determined by performance? Is
the capacity determined by price? Essentially yes,
but it’s not that simple either.
There is so much market hype today regarding new
markets and applications for hard disk drives, and
although many of these markets will not materialize,
some will evolve greatly over the next few years.
Certainly digital video and audio hold great
promise, as they consume sizable capacity. However,
evolution is (and will continue in these markets)
changing the storage requirements.
As the world moves toward pervasive computing,
smart handheld devices with wireless Internet
connectivity will flourish. Unfortunately, due to the
relatively high “starting“ cost of hard drives (in
relation to the device), relatively high power and
heat, relatively low non-operating (and more
importantly, low-operating) shock, HDDs will not
fare well against the various flavors of flash
memory. In devices that demand minimal
performance from the storage device, small formfactor optical drives will likely do well, particularly
since media costs are so low, and the removability
is often attractive (for example, compressed audio
players and MP3 players).
Take digital video recorders (DVRs)—also known as
personal video recorders (PVRs)—widely referred
to as “TiVo“ and “Replay“ boxes. For the most
part, DVRs are standalone devices that consumers
need to make space for, among the numerous other
entertainment devices already stuffed in their
“entertainment center.“ What is now beginning to
happen, and will help drive DVR-functionality into
homes, are digital cable and satellite set-top boxes
that already take care of conditional access and
are now beginning to integrate hard drives for
built-in DVR function. We expect a significant
CHASE H&Q
Hambrecht and Quist LLC
Statistical Summary Selected Data Storage Stocks
Shares
Out.
(MM)
Stock
Price
10/2/00
Calendar Year
Earnings Per Share
1998A 1999A 2000E
120.8
88.5
240.1
143.3
9.75
9.88
68.13
5.81
0.52 (0.82) 0.20
(1.13) (1.06) 0.18
0.62 1.00 0.87
(4.28) (3.46) (0.84)
NM
NM
68.1x
NM
48.8x
54.9x
78.3x
NM
1,178
874
16,358
833
2,733
3,465
6,473
1,995
0.4
0.3
2.5
0.4
46.0
24.8
65.9
63.0
3.00
19.25
3.38
10.81
0.37 (1.08) (0.79)
(1.29) 0.02 (1.43)
(3.51) (1.95) (0.46)
(2.75) (4.11) (1.50)
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
138
477
223
681
197
441
296
650
0.7
1.1
0.8
1.0
11.8
15.9
270.5
5.13
104.00
5.12
0.00 (1.02) (0.55)
1.08 1.45 1.35
(0.15) 0.12 0.31
NM
71.7x
42.7x
NM
77.0x
16.5x
61
1,654
1,385
41
280
1,530
1.5
5.9
0.9
Average:
**No official H&Q coverage; First-call estimates. When referenced, “A”= actual; “E”= estimate.
15.2x
23.0x
Industry Sector Company
Disk Drives
Maxtor
Quantum
Seagate Technology
Western Digital
Components
HMT Technology
Hutchinson Tech.
Komag
Read-Rite
Capital
Equipment
Removable
Intevac
Veeco Instruments **
Iomega
Price/Earnings
Ratio
1999 2000
Market Cal 2000 Market
Cap
Revs.
Cap/
($MM) ($MM) 99 Revs
1.3
number of digital set-top boxes to integrate DVR-functionality into
next-generation digital cable and satellite set-top boxes, similar to
the Echostar/WebTV device. This makes great sense. There is
already a delivery mechanism for higher-end TV-related services
and increased revenue generation for MSOs and satellite
providers. And it doesn’t stop with having consumers pay for the
enhanced set-top box (either by ponying up the dollars in retail,
or by subscribers paying a higher monthly service fee). Then
there are the “next-next“ generation boxes—those that deliver
Interactive TV (ITV).
Okay, okay, you’ve heard about this “interactivity“ before, or
maybe you’ve heard about a vendor attempting to bring the
Internet to the TV. This isn’t what ITV will be in the future. ITV is
about enhancing the viewer’s TV experience, not stopping the
entertaining video images by moving to a static website.
Currently, it is an enhanced EPG (electronic programming guide)
with the ability to offer viewers more services; namely, detailed
information on programming. For example, the statistics on a
viewer’s favorite football team or player, the ability to play along
with “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire,“ targeted advertising, and
even enabling the viewer to order a pizza while watching a great
game. Internet access is generally limited, with companies
offering a “walled garden“ approach. This allows the MSO or
DBS (direct broadcast satellite) provider control over content and
Avery
Dennison Ad
www.averydennison.com
formatting, so it is “optimized” for the TV viewing community and
also enabled for conditional access and parental control.
Longer term, there will be more and more services like e-mail,
VoIP (voice over IP), gaming, streaming video and audio, or
even betting … oh, the possibilities.
Europe is currently “in the lead” with ITV, with one great example
being BSkyB’s Open service in the UK. Out of BSkyB’s 3.6 million
satellite subscribers, 1.6 million have used Open interactivity. They
are doing this by offering compelling content (they own the broadcasting rights to the majority of “football” games). Furthermore,
BSkyB is developing “sticky” applications that users are attracted to
(with e-mail being a great one), with nearly a million e-mail users
on its platform (Note: BSkyB data is as of July 2000). The company
also is generating revenue from nVOD, with some users doing
home banking via ITV.
Revenue generation certainly comes from subscription fees, as well
as a portion of the t-Commerce associated with ITV. Two successful
revenue generators to date are football team-jersey sales and
pizza. Domino’s pizza sales in the UK are threefold via Open
(versus Internet-based) sales.
What does this mean for storage vendors?
MSOs and DBS providers see the revenue generation possible
from ITV and the associated services. They now need to further
build out their infrastructures and diligently work on developing
compelling content and partnerships. The revenue possibilities are
great; in addition to the DVR-enabled boxes getting a premium
and t-Commerce creating new revenue, there will also be revenue
opportunity from VOD or nVOD (video on demand and near video
on demand). To do this effectively, local storage is needed. One
way of delivering VOD/nVOD is the head end bursting a portion
of the movie “down to the box” (so that the user can watch and
have VCR-like control), while the remainder is being streamed or
burst to the viewer as the movie is being watched.
Storage vendors, and in this space, hard drive vendors in
particular, will see an increasing penetration of their devices into
set-top boxes (STB). Certainly, relationships with the DVR suppliers
is important today; however, storage vendors need to develop
strategic relationships with the major STB manufacturers like
Scientific Atlanta (SA), General Instrument (GI), and Pace Micro.
These are the hardware folks that will deploy most devices and
work closely with “everyone” along the value chain, from TiVo, to
AT&T, to the Discovery Channel, to Liberate.
continued on page 8
GE Micron
Products
Ad
www.AbrasivesNet.com
continued from page 7
These devices need relatively high performance and capacity, and
this means that hard drives are the best solution in this segment of
consumer electronics. The challenge will be upgradability of capacity
over time and how to deploy upgrades that are robust enough to
reside outside of the consumer device. In terms of hard drive price
points, they are making this level of set-top box functionality possible.
Fortunately, unlike most CE (consumer electronics) devices, consumers
are used to paying monthly fees (and often, hefty fees) for the
services surrounding their television sets. This is not the case with
DVR-only
functionality.
ITV will not happen overnight, but the trend is being set in Europe
and is gaining momentum in the United States as well. AT&T has
more than two million digital set-top boxes deployed, but none have
yet to integrate hard drives. New companies (like Seagate’s and
Thompson’s CacheVision) will try to capitalize on this, but some of
the hard drive companies have much of this technology already inhouse.
Many consumer electronic devices will not require hard drive
technology, but the aforementioned set-top box space will consume a
sizable number of gigabytes. Longer term, these boxes will integrate
streaming capabilities and will even evolve into the center of the
home network … some digital set-top boxes will become residential
gateways, and these will certainly have high capacity needs.
Danielle Levitas is program manager
with IDC, heading up their consumer
devices and consumer services
groups. Before changing positions in
July 2000, Danielle was a market
analyst for IDC, conducting research
in the worldwide storage market. She
joined the IDC storage program in
1995, where she focused on the
worldwide disk drive market and its
components. She followed the disk
drive vendors on a quarterly basis,
collecting and analyzing unit and
revenue shipments. In 1998, Danielle
launched IDC’s first U.S. Storage Mechanisms’ End-User Survey,
which identified market trends for storage and consumer and
commercial desktop environments. Danielle has a bachelor’s degree
in finance from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
CDS Analytical,
Inc. Ad
continued from page 8
Vacuum Vapor Lubrication of Hard Disks
Benjamin M. DeKoven, MMC Technology, and John L. Hughes, Dick Lavine and Myron C.
Moreno, Intevac, Inc.
The use of lubricants, as substances introduced into the
interface between sliding surfaces to diminish friction
and wear, is an ancient practice. Egyptian pictures
dating back 4,000 years show the application of
lubricants to reduce the friction involved in dragging
heavy monuments. In modern lubrication practice, the
main concern is to reduce friction and wear that
accompanies sliding, and to design lubrication systems
that will operate for long periods without inspection or
maintenance.
perature. Under these conditions, the chromium layer
acts as a template layer for the sputtered magnetic
memory layer comprised of cobalt alloy.
Molecularly thin films are of critical importance to
numerous technologies that rely on thin-film adhesion
and lubrication. One application where thin films are
employed is in the lubrication of computer disks within
hard-disk drives. The magnetic recording industry universally employs hard carbon overcoats of nominally
50–100 Å, in conjunction with monolayer (and submonolayer) films of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) liquid
polymer lubricants. The lubricant protects the magnetic
media layer of the hard disk from corrosion and from
mechanical damage caused by physical contact with the
recording head. The combination of the carbon overcoat
and the lubricant protects the magnetic layer of the disk
against both types of damage.
After these vacuum film deposition steps the disks are
typically removed from vacuum and exposed to atmosphere in the process environment. Lubricant coating is
then applied through a coating method using diluted
solutions of lubricants in specialty solvents. Disks are
placed into the lubricant solution and slowly
withdrawn, or placed in a tank from which the solution
is carefully drained. Lubricant thickness is controlled by
adjusting the concentration and/or varying the drain
rate. During the solution draining, the liquid meniscus
on the disk surface controls the deposition of a thin
lubricant film as the solvent evaporates.
Motivation for a Vacuum Vapor Lubrication Deposition
Process
A schematic of a typical film stack structure for hard disk
coatings is shown in Figure 1. Hard disks for memory
storage are typically manufactured by starting with a
polished aluminum disk, plated with nickel phosphorous.
Next, a chromium or chromium-alloy film is sputter
deposited in high or ultra-high vacuum at a specific tem-
Head•
Fly height 250 ••
Carbon Overcoat 50 ••
Co based magnetic layer 250 •
Lubricant 15 ••
Cr based underlayer 250 •
To provide wear and corrosion protection to the
magnetic layer, a protective overcoat is deposited in
vacuum. The overcoat is typically carbon based with
heteroatoms, such as hydrogen and nitrogen, added to
form diamond-like and graphite-like structures for
optimum performance.
This production lubricant coating process has been used
for years, but suffers from major disadvantages. The
protective quality of the lubricant coating is degraded if
there is contamination present on the carbon overcoat
surface. Exposure to both oxygen and water in the
atmosphere will reduce the activity of the carbon
overcoat towards the lubricant. The result is a lubricant
coating with varied properties, depending on the time
and environment to which the disks are exposed prior
to the lubricant coating process. In addition to using
expensive solvents, the typical equipment used in the
dip/drain process requires considerable cleanroom floor
space.
To overcome these disadvantages, a vacuum vapor
lubrication process was developed, combining the
vacuum sputter and vacuum lubricant coating steps, as
shown in Figure 2. By vapor depositing the lubricant
onto carbon in a controlled environment, the time sensitivity for contaminant accumulation present in the
existing lubricant coating process is eliminated.
Disk•
Figure 1. Idealized schematic of film stack used for hard disks.
continued on page 12
Texas Instruments Ad
www.ti.com/sc/7068
continued from page 10
MDP250B sputter system.
The complete system
allows for vacuum deposition of lubricant directly
onto fresh carbon, while
providing vacuum
isolation to control
passage of lubricant
between the vapor lube
system and the main
chamber of the sputter
system.
Conventional Approach...
Texture &
Clean
Vacuum
Coatings
(Cr, Co-alloy,
Carbon)
Lube
Coating
Vacuum
Coatings
(Cr, Co-alloy,
Carbon)
Vapor Lube
Process/
Test
New Approach...
Texture &
Clean
Vacuum process
Process/
Test
Lab-controlled environment
Figure 2. Two different lubrication-process schemes featuring a new
approach, vacuum vapor lubrication.
At Intevac, we developed
technology for vacuum
deposition of lubricants
on disks, to assist in
increasing data storage
density and reducing
manufacturing costs.
Vacuum vapor lubrication
is a new approach to disk
lubrication, whereby
vacuum sputter coating is
coupled with vacuum
lubrication. Since the
disks never leave vacuum
after sputtering prior to
the lubrication step,
exposure of the disk to
atmosphere between sputtering and lubrication
steps is eliminated.
Improved bonding of
lubricant film to disk is
achieved since the carbon
remains active in vacuum.
Additionally, more
efficient use is made of
cleanroom space, and
large quantities of
expensive solvents can
potentially be eliminated
by using a vapor lubrication production process.
Vapor Lube Coating
Hardware
Figure 3 shows a
schematic of the vapor
lubrication station. The
station consists of two
evaporation sources
operating in vacuum, each
evaporator positioned to
coat one side of the hard
disk. Diffuser plates,
mounted on each side of
the source, are key in controlling vapor deposited
lubricant film uniformity.
The lubricant deposition
rate is measured in situ,
using a quartz crystal
microbalance (QCM)
that’s automatically positioned in the vapor lube
coating zone. The QCM is
a mass sensing device with
the ability to measure mass
changes based on the
frequency shift of a quartz
crystal sensor in real time.
The sensitivity of the QCM
for vapor-deposited lubricants is typically ± 0.2
Å/sec. To keep the lubrication deposition rate
constant over long periods,
feedback from the QCM is
used to control the evaporator temperature. Figure 3
also shows the station for
integration to an Intevac
Vapor Lube Coating
Bonding Properties
The most dramatic impact
of vacuum vapor lubrication is in controlling the
lubricant interaction with
the carbon overcoat. By
eliminating contamination
at the overcoat-lubricant
interface, corrosion protection is greatly
improved. With no oxygen
or water (or worse!)
trapped between the two
protective barriers, the
magnetic layer remains
stable longer. Further
insight into the mechanism
of PFPE/carbon overcoat
Vapor Lube Station
Diffuser
Plates
Evaporator
Plate
Heater
Coating
Zone
Vapor Lube Station
Cassette
Disk
Main Chamber
MDP250B Sputter System
Valve
Exit
Lock
Lifter
Pump
Vacuum
Isolation
Lock
Figure 3. Vacuum vapor lubrication hardware for integration
to a sputter system (Intevac's MDP250B).
Seagate Recording
Media Operations Ad
www.seagate.com
interaction can be obtained by measuring the bonded
thickness using PFPEs with a general structure of: RCH2CF2-O- (CF2-CF2-O)m- (CF2-O)n-CF2-CH2R. For ZDOL,
R=OH, while for Z-15, R=CF3. As discussed below, the
end group has a dramatic influence on the interaction
with the carbon overcoat.
The determination of bonded lubricant thickness is established by dipping the lubricated disk in HFE-7200
[CF3(CF2)3OCH2CH3] for five minutes at room temperature. ZDOL is highly soluble in HFE. The lubricant
retained on the disk after dipping is defined as “bonded,”
while the portion removed is defined as “mobile.” The
film thickness of ZDOL lubricant is determined using
Fourier Transform Infrared Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, calibrated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).
Figure 4 shows the total (mobile + bonded) and bonded
lubricant thickness measured for lubricant/a-C coated
disks as a function of air exposure. The disks were
lubricant coated, either by vacuum vapor lubrication or
by a drain lubrication process, as indicated in Figure 4.
After removing mobile ZDOL using HFE, only the
bonded thickness remains. For the vapor lube coatings,
the bonded thickness drops rapidly following air
exposure of only minutes prior to the lubricant application. The reduction in the bonded thickness is most likely
due to contaminant accumulation and deactivation of
carbon due to exposure to oxygen and water in the
atmosphere. For all air exposures, the bonded thickness
is greater for vapor lube coatings, compared to dip
coatings for air exposures up to several hours. Clearly, if
the carbon surface is exposed to air prior to lubricant
deposition, significantly less lubricant is bonded to the
carbon overcoat. This also suggests a way to “tune” the
bonding. Also, note that the end group has a dramatic
influence on the interaction of the PFPE with the carbon
overcoat. For fresh a-C coatings, the bonded thickness
using Z-15 is < 1 Å, compared to 27 Å for ZDOL.
We also examined the magnitude of ZDOL bonding to
different carbon overcoats. Figure 5 shows a plot of
bonded ZDOL thickness, as a function of total ZDOL
thickness applied on fresh sputtered carbon (a-C, CHx,
and CNx) and PECVD carbon overcoats. As shown in
Figure 5, the bonded thickness for fresh carbon overcoats
decreases in the following order: a-C > PECVD carbon >
CHx > CNx. The maximum bonded thickness for each
continued on page 15
Manufacturing
Technology Inc. (MTI)
Ad
www.mtionline.com
continued from page 13
20
30
a-C
PECVD
CHx
CNx
20
Vacuum Vapor Lube
Mobile + Bonded
Bonded
15
Bonded Thickness (•)
Lubricant Thickness (•)
25
Solvent Lube
Mobile + Bonded
Bonded
10
15
Fresh Carbon
10
5
Air Exposed Carbon
5
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
5
10
Air Exposure (minutes)
Figure 4. Vapor lube coating properties showing ZDOL
bonding tunability and control using air exposure (ZDOL
molecular weight estimated to be ≈ 4000 g/mole).
15
20
25
30
35
Total Thickness (•)
Figure 5. Plot of bonded thickness vs. total lubricant thickness
as a function of carbon overcoat type (ZDOL molecular
weight estimated to be ≈ 2500 g/mole).
fresh carbon overcoat is achieved for a total applied
thickness of > 20 Å. The decrease in ZDOL bonding is
due to a decrease in free radical sites and C=C bonds
available for interaction with ZDOL. Air exposure also
results in a decrease in the bonded thickness for each
carbon overcoat, much more dramatically than the
addition of heteroatoms, due to surface oxidation of the
C=C bonds. The maximum bonded thickness for each
carbon overcoat following air exposure (one day) is in
the range of 3–4 Å, as shown in Figure 5. The decrease is
3–5 times less than the bonded thickness for the fresh
carbon overcoat.
on the surface of the disk will then be a function of the
vapor phase distribution and the molecular weight
dependent condensation coefficient at the deposition
temperature. The effect of molecular weight on the tribological properties of the interface will need to be
evaluated.
Although the mechanism of ZDOL/carbon physical
interactions is complex, the results of ZDOL and Z-15
bonding measurements are consistent with a mechanism
proposed by P. Kasai of IBM [see P. Kasai, A. Wass, and
B. Yen, J. Info. Storage Proc. Syst. 1, 245 (1999)]. The
mechanism involves reaction with active double bond
sites and subsequent H atom transfer to “dangling”
bond sites in the carbon structure. Dangling bonds on
surface/within core of carbon granules can react with
ZDOL. The mechanism for ZDOL/carbon bonding does
not require the presence of surface oxygen species.
Benjamin M. DeKoven is currently a principal engineer and
manager of Interface Process Technology at MMC Technology.
While employed at Intevac, Ben was part of the team that
engineered and developed vapor lubrication technology. As an
employee of the Dow Chemical Company, Ben was a research
leader in surface and interface technology. He has a B.S. degree
in chemistry from the University of Cincinnati and a Ph.D. in
physical chemistry from the University of Chicago.
Future Vapor Lubrication Technology Development
The vapor lube coatings must assist in protecting the
disk and provide very good tribological performance at
head fly heights < 120 Å. The optimum performance will
require a balance between lubricant bonding and
corrosion protection. The lubricants used in the disk
drive industry are generally polydisperse mixtures of
molecular weight components. A shift in molecular
weight with time for the vapor phase lubricant deposited
onto the disk surface is expected and will need to be
evaluated. The molecular weight distribution of lubricant
Acknowledgments
Norm Pond, Bob Weiss, and Dan Gentry (all with Intevac,
Inc.) are thanked for their support of this development project.
This work was also supported, in part, by an Advanced
Technology Program award to Intevac from the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), from October
1997 to March 2000.
John L. (Les) Hughes is presently the VP of technology at
Intevac, Inc. (he was previously their VP of engineering) and
has worked closely with Ben in development of the vapor
lubrication technology. Before joining Intevac, Les was
manager of engineering at Varian Associates on their MDP
Project, and director of new product development &
engineering at Airco Temescal in Berkeley, Calif. He has a B.A.
degree in physics from San Francisco State University.
Dick Lavine is the assistant to the president at Intevac, Inc.
and was formerly general manager of their Vacuum Systems
Division. He has a B.A. degree and a M.S. degree in physics
from the University of Illinois.
Myron Moreno is VP and general manager of Intevac’s Lube
and CSS Divisions. Prior to joining Intevac, Myron worked for
seven years at Western Digital’s Santa Clara Media Operations
as senior equipment engineering manager. Myron has a B.S.
degree from the California Polytechnic State University at San
Luis Obispo.
New HGA Read/Write Test System
from Agilent Offers 1 Gb/sec
Performance
Agilent Technologies introduces new 1Gb/sec
HGA R/W test system at DISKCON, the Agilent
E5022B. The new test system allows hard disk
manufacturers the ability to test higher data rates
and higher track densities. The system’s high
accuracy allows test engineers to use tighter
guard bands that in turn provide higher yields
and lowers the cost of test. Agilent also
announced its new E5011A small footprint
spinstand—half the size of the existing E5010B.
The smaller spinstand offers the E5010B’s same
excellent performance and a vacuum lock feature
that provides the stability required for testing the
high TPI values used by today’s leading-edge HDD
manufacturers.
Members featured in
Storage News this
issue:
Agilent Technologies Inc.
Avery Dennison
Corporation
CDS Analytical, Inc.
Lucent Technologies
Microelectronics Group
Maxtor Corporation and
Quantum Corporation
OMG Fidelity
Roush Anatrol Division
of Roush Industries, Inc.
Tektronix, Inc. and
Guzik Technical
Enterprises
“Not only does the E5022B test system come with
factory National Institute of Standards and
Technology traceable calibration, it also has
excellent gauge repeatability,“ said Marcy
Montgomery, general manager of Agilent’s
Electronic Manufacturing Solutions Unit. “This is
key to improving manufacturing yield and gives
R&D engineers meaningful HGA parameter test
data.“ Agilent has designed most of the E5022B
system’s components on C-size VXI technology, for
easy maintenance and upgrade flexibility. Users
realize greater throughput because DSP chips
contained on the VXI cards run test setups without
involving the system computer. The E5022B utilizes
the new Agilent E5040A VXI spectrum analyzer to
further reduce system size and increase
throughput. For more information, visit Agilent
Technologies Inc. online at www.agilent.com.
Avery Dennison Announces Major
Expansion of E-Commerce
Capabilities in Pressure-Sensitive
Materials Business
Avery Dennison Corporation announces that it
has significantly expanded and strengthened its
global e-commerce capabilities in the company’s
pressure-sensitive materials business. The new
e-commerce features were introduced at
Labelexpo 2000, the tradeshow for the pressuresensitive materials and label printing industry.
“There is enormous growth in demand among our
customers for Web-based services and support,“
said Philip M. Neal, chairman and chief executive
officer of Avery Dennison. “We will continue to be
the industry leader in the pressure-sensitive
materials business by providing advanced
electronic commerce services to our customers.“
Customers are enthusiastically embracing the new
e-commerce capabilities as more and more
businesses rely on the Internet to conduct business.
Avery Dennison’s e-commerce resources can
provide them with tools to run their operations
effectively and cost efficiently. With around-theclock access to account information, customers are
able to better manage their inventory levels,
leading to reduced investment of working capital.
Immediate access to their order histories provides
the ability to monitor market trends and make
adjustments immediately. Online ordering enables
customers to place orders for Fasson-brand
materials as soon as need is determined. Within
minutes after placing an online order, customers
receive confirmation and shipping details. With
Fasson’s industry-leading service, 90 percent of all
orders are shipped to customers within 48 hours.
“Our customers can depend on Avery Dennison for
continued innovations and cutting-edge Internet-based
customer service,“ said Neal. For more information, visit
Avery Dennison Corporation online at
www.averydennison.com.
Susan Corby Named General Sales Manager
at CDS Analytical
CDS Analytical, Inc. announced the appointment of Susan
Corby as general sales manager in charge of domestic and
international sales, effective Sept. 1, 2000. Susan has been
with CDS for 17 years and is extremely well-versed in all
aspects of CDS’ pyrolysis and purge and trap concentrator
equipment. Contact Susan at [email protected] with
any questions you may have concerning CDS equipment.
Visit CDS Analytical, Inc. online at www.cdsanalytical.com.
Lucent Announces the Spin Off of Microelectronics Group
Lucent Technologies Microelectronics Group is the world
leader in semiconductors for communications applications.
Lucent has announced it will spin off the microelectronics
group as an independent company that will include its
optoelectronics and integrated circuits divisions. The spinoff, slated for completion by the summer of 2001, will
create the only major standalone semiconductor company
that can offer end-to-end networking solutions that address
the convergence of photonics and electronics based on
leadership in both integrated circuits and optoelectronic
components. The new company will also provide wireless
computer networking system solutions through its
ORiNOCO™ product line. More information about Lucent
Technologies Microelectronics Group is available online at
www.lucent.com/micro.
Maxtor and Quantum to Merge HDD Group
Maxtor Corporation and Quantum Corporation have sealed
a $2.3 billion deal that will combine Maxtor and Quantum’s
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) Group in an all-stock transaction,
forming one of the world’s largest disk drive companies.
Quantum’s HDD stockholders will receive 1.52 shares of
Maxtor common stock for every share of HDD common stock
they own. It was unclear at press time if the companies were
planning any layoffs. The newly combined entity will be
named Maxtor Corporation, and will be led by Mike
Cannon, Maxtor’s current president and chief executive
officer. In addition, Maxtor’s Network Systems Group, currently
shipping a family of network-attached storage (NAS) products
under the MaxAttach brand, will be part of the new company.
“This is a bold and strategic step for both companies,“ said
Cannon. “The combined company will have the financial
resources, product breadth, and intellectual property to
capitalize on the future explosive growth of storage at both the
storage device and subsystem levels.” Cannon also said that
he expects the combination of resources will reduce duplicate
expenses. “We anticipate that, with the operational efficiencies
resulting from this transaction, we will be in a position to offer
better value for our customers, while generating the profits
necessary to fund expanded research and development to
become a stronger competitor in this industry.”
It is expected that the merger of Quantum HDD and Maxtor
will generate annualized cost savings of $120 million to
$200 million within 18 to 24 months following completion
of the transaction. The transaction received unanimous
approval by boards directors of both companies, and will
create an enterprise with annual sales of approximately
$6 billion. For more information, visit Maxtor Corporation
and Quantum Corporation online at www.maxtor.com and
www.quantum.com.
OMG Fidelity Offers Wide Range of
Technological Experience
OMG offers the chemical industry a wide range of technological experience, a global workforce and an extensive
background in the manufacture and development of high
quality metal powders, carboxylates and inorganic salts.
Through multiple raw material sourcing and a unique vertical
integration from the base metal or concentrate to the finished
metal products, OMG is able to deliver the quality products
and total manufacturing control that can only be offered by a
complete service supplier. For more information, visit OMG
Fidelity online at www.omgi.com.
Dynalam™ 980 from Roush Anatrol
offers Superior Damping
Performance
The Dynalam 980 is laminated metal engineered
for stamped sheet metal applications where noise
and vibration attenuation is desired. Product
noise and vibration is often generated by the
vibrating surfaces of stamped metal components.
The Dynalam product from Roush Anatrol has
been designed to damp vibration before it is
radiated as noise, and before it can be
transmitted to other system components.
The new Dynalam 980 product is a sandwich
composite consisting of two layers of a sheet
metal alloy bonded together with the Roush
Anatrol 980 (RA980), a unique high-damping
polymeric adhesive. The polymeric core creates
a bond and damping property that produces
noise and vibration controlling characteristics.
The laminated product can be formed to create
many varieties of stamped metal components.
For more information, visit the Roush Anatrol
Division online at www.roushind.com/anatrol.
Tektronix and Guzik Technical
Enterprises Enter Relationship To
Develop Oscilloscope-Based
Solutions
Tektronix, Inc., a market leader in test, measurement and monitoring equipment, and Guzik
Technical Enterprises, the market leader in test
and measurement solutions for the disk drive
market, have announced the establishment of
a relationship that enables Guzik to create
application-specific hardware and software
for Tektronix TDS7000 Series Digital Phosphor
Oscilloscopes (DPOs). The first products to be
developed include an advanced disk drive
analysis solution, which includes BER analysis.
Guzik’s Windows™-based disk drive analysis
software package and a hardware accelerator,
combined with the TDS7000 Series oscilloscopes,
creates the industry’s most comprehensive oscilloscope-based disk drive analyzer. This new
solution addresses the needs of disk drive design
engineers who demand superior signal
acquisition, a wide range of measurements and
the measurement speeds to test to their fastest
signal speeds (above 1 Gb/s) while maintaining
compliance with IDEMA (the Association for the
Data Storage Industry) standards.
“The Tektronix TDS7404, with its 4-GHz bandwidth, 32-MB record length, and 20 GS/s
sample rate, may provide an industry-leading
platform for disk drive measurements, as well as
other application areas” said Nahum Guzik,
Guzik Technical Enterprise president. “In addition,
the ability to work with Guzik to create these
solutions in an Open Windows development
environment highlights the extensibility of the
TDS7000 Series,“ adds David Churchill,
Tektronix, Inc. Instrumentation Business Unit vice
president. For more information, visit Tektronix,
Inc. and Guzik Technical Enterprises online at
www.tektronix.com and at www.guzik.com.
Morning Planet Ad
www.datastorex.com
IDEMA has an active Standards Program with more
than 20 worldwide committees, subcommittees, and
taskforces covering critical issues facing the data
storage industry today. Members are encouraged
to take an active role in the development of
industry standards by attending meetings and
participating in technical symposia offered
throughout the year.
Check the IDEMA Website at www.idema.org for
upcoming standards meetings, agendas and
directions. All meetings are held at the IDEMA
office, 3255 Scott Blvd., Suite. 2-102, Santa Clara,
CA (unless otherwise indicated).
DISK/SUBSTRATES COMMITTEE
Next Meeting: TBD*
Please complete the IDEMA online Standards Survey*
to let us know what standards are needed in this
area.
Lube Thickness & Control Start/Stop
(CSS) Testing Subcommittee
Next Meeting: TBD*
The subcommittee recently sent to ballot a standard
on FT-IR measurement of Disk Lubricants. The Electron
Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) is the
next standard to be balloted. Check the IDEMA
Website at www.idema.org for updates on these
standards. Please complete the IDEMA online
Standards Survey* to let us know what standards are
needed in this area.
Disk Magnetics Subcommittee
Next Meeting: Nov. 8, 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.
The subcommittee has successfully balloted the Disk
Magnetometer Test Method. This test method will now
be included in the IDEMA Standards Binder. The subcommittee is in the process of coordinating a joint
project with the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST). To kick off this partnership, Dr.
Stephen Arnold of NIST presented a paper in September at DISKCON USA titled “Magnetic Standard
Reference Materials for the Data Storage Industry.“
The progress of this collaboration and the proposed
round-robin test of the new Disk Magnetometer Test
Method will be discussed at the November meeting.
Optical Inspection Subcommittee
Standards
Manager,
Kristen Montan
408.330.8109
Next Meeting: TBD*
Please complete the IDEMA online Standards
Survey* to let us know what standards are
needed in this area.
EMITTED SHOCK & VIBRATION
COMMITTEE
Next Meeting: Nov. 7, 9 a.m. to Noon
The purpose of the Emitted Shock and Vibration
(ESAV) committee is to create a useful standard
that adequately describes a reproducible and
reliable procedure for measuring and describing
the shock and vibration energy emitted by a
storage device and transmitted to the housing
supporting the device. The committee has been
testing drives and I/O devices to normalize and
define these shocks and vibrations. Some of this
work focuses on structural transmission through
a chassis system. It covers accelerance (where
accelerance is defined as acceleration/force)
measurements made on the system and the results
of making some changes to the chassis. There is
an interesting update on testing using different
seek rates—results confirmed that the emitted shock
and vibration scales linearly, with changes in seeks
per second on a drive.
ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH &
SAFETY (EHS) COMMITTEE
Next Meeting: TBD*
Please complete the IDEMA online Standards
Survey* to let us know what standards are needed
in this area.
Energy Efficiency Subcommittee
Next Meeting: TBD*
The subcommittee is progressing on a proposal for
measuring power consumption of a hard disk drive
(watts per gig). The members of the subcommittee
are focusing on developing explicit definitions for
each variable, and how each one is measured.
Please complete the IDEMA online Standards
Survey* to let us know what standards are needed
in this area.
ESD COMMITTEE
Next Meetings:Feb. 1, 2001, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Apr. 19, 2001, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
The mission of the ESD committee is to identify and
establish ESD standards that are unique to HDD
and not covered by other standards organizations.
The work in progress currently includes standards
dealing with tweezers, ionization, wafer-level
testing, materials-decay testing, and a glossary of
terminology. For more information on these subjects
as they become available, check the IDEMA
Website at www.idema.org.
HDD RELIABILITY COMMITTEE
Upcoming Meeting: TBD*
Please complete the IDEMA online Standards Survey* to let us
know what standards are needed in this area.
HEADS COMMITTEE
Next Meeting: Nov. 16, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
The committee is in discussion on the Femto Bond Pad Location,
and a re-discussion of the Femto Head Pinout and Polarity
Convention. At present, there appears to be a renewed interest
in this measurement area—this topic will be covered at the
meeting in November. Please complete the IDEMA online
Standards Survey* to let us know what standards are needed in
this area.
MICROCONTAMINATION COMMITTEE
Next Meeting: TBD*
The committee recently balloted a standard on Outgassing
Analysis for Running Drives by GC-MS, which passed the
committee vote and is now in the procedural review process.
Once it passes procedural review it will become part of the
IDEMA Standards Binder. Please complete the IDEMA online
Standards Survey* to let us know what standards are needed
in this area.
Lab Correlation Subcommittee
Next Meeting: TBD*
There is renewed interest in this subcommittee as more companies
have laboratories and manufacturing plants in many locations.
Please complete the IDEMA online Standards Survey* to let us
know what standards are needed in this area.
Cleanroom Contamination Subcommittee
Next Meeting: TBD*
Please complete the IDEMA online Standards Survey* to let us
know what standards are needed in this area.
*Check the IDEMA Website at www.idema.org for final dates and
times, or to fill out the online Standards Survey.
up
coming meetings
workshops and symposia
Emitted Shock & Vibration Committee
Nov. 7, 9 a.m. to Noon
Disk Magnetics Subcommittee
Nov. 8, 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.
Heads Committee
Nov. 16, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
ESD Committee
Feb. 1, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Apr. 19, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Novel Storage Technologies and Applications
Symposium
Feb. 14, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The Westin Hotel, Santa Clara, CA
New Standards Development
A workshop titled “Long Block Size” was held on Oct. 24, 2000 (at
the IDEMA office in Santa Clara, CA). The purpose was to determine
whether or not there is an interest in generating a new standard for
disk drives (in which the historical 512-byte record size would be
expanded to 4 kilobytes or the equivalent).
The workshop was spearheaded by Ed Grochowski of IBM; the new
committee to be formed will be chaired by Martin Hassner of IBM.
For more information, check the IDEMA Website at www.idema.org.
HIGHLIGHTS FROM DISKCON USA
Attendance
Tradeshow: 7,229
Technical education classes: 397
Technical conference sessions: 602
Keynote dinner: 460
Exhibit space: 71,200 square feet
Exhibitors: 314
Booths sold: 712
This year’s Technical Conference (shown at left)
was designed to interest a wider storage
audience by expanding the number of sessions.
Topics ranged from storage technologies and
application requirements, to business outlooks for
the industry.
This year’s Keynote
Dinner speaker was
Michael Brown (shown
at left), CEO and
Chairman of the Board,
Quantum Corporation.
460 people attended
this year’s Keynote
Dinner (above).
Exhibitors from ASML Special Applications show
their enthusiasm by donning new DISKCON polo
shirts, purchased at the IDEMA Gift Shop.
Pictured above, from left to right: Geoff
Phillipps, Jeff Nickel, Ryan Young, Michelle
Herrick, and Norbert Kappel.
Many exhibitors commented that the visitors stopping by their booths
this year were exactly the people they were hopeing to reach.
2001 EVENTS
DISKCON Asia-Pacific
DISKCON Asia-Pacific
Penang, Malaysia
Mar. 12
Stamford Westin Hotel
Singapore
Mar. 14 & 15
Penang, Malaysia—Mar. 12, 2001
Singapore—Mar. 14 & 15, 2001
Over 80 percent of the world‘s
disk drives are currently produced in
Southeast Asia, thus the task of
implementing technology and
streamlining production continues
to be driven by this region. To
assist companies in fulfilling their
marketing plans for the Asia-Pacific
region, IDEMA presents DISKCON
Asia-Pacific.
DISKCON Japan
Tokyo Big Sight
Tokyo, Japan
Apr. 18–20
DISKCON USA
San Jose Convention Center
San Jose, CA
Sept. 18–20
Hands-on demonstrations are
a prevalent part of the high
energy existing on the exhibit
show floor (above and far
bottom).
Exhibiting at DISKCON provides the
perfect venue to showcase current
product offerings and technologies,
and to educate participants about
these technologies. Booth space will
be sold on a first-come/first-served
basis. Sponsorship opportunities are
also available.
Cost (per 2.5M x 3M booth):
Members: S$2,500, U.S. $1,500
Nonmembers: S$2,900, U.S. $1,750
The ever-popular IDEMA
Technology Showcase (shown
above and at right) is one of the
most highly trafficked areas on
the exhibit floor and features the
world’s largest collection of
milestone disk drive and industry
memorabilia. Attendees have the
opportunity to speak with Jim
Porter of DISK/TREND, Inc., one
of Silicon Valley’s most knowledgeable and highly respected
historians on
the evolution of the
data storage industry.
Companies located in North America
and Europe should contact:
DISKCON
IDEMA Show Group
3255 Scott Blvd., Suite 2-102
Santa Clara, CA 95054-3013
phone: 408.492.1436
fax: 408.492-9749
e-mail: [email protected]
Companies located in Southeast Asia
and Rest of World should contact:
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Show Coordinator
53 B Temple Street
Singapore 058598
phone: 65.226.3412
fax: 65.226.3413
e-mail: [email protected]
Lucent Tec
www.lucent.com
chnologies
micro/storage
Advanced Materials for High Bandwidth
Actuators (Part 1)
Walter Prater and Amine Hajji, IBM—Storage Technology Division
The continuing magnetic disk drive industry goals for
higher recording density will require high-track density.
Over the past several years, magnetic recording aerial
densities have increased from a 40-to-60 percent
compound growth rate, to today’s amazing 100 percent
compound growth rate, while data rates have soared
past 60 Mbytes per second and average seek times have
dropped below 5 msec. Roadmaps are now calling for
areal density to reach 50 Gbits/in2 by the year 2003,
with a corresponding track density of 70,000 tracks per
inch (tpi).[1] Traditionally, the bit width (radial direction) to bit length (circumferential direction) aspect ratio
has been hovering around fifteen to one. Focus has
shifted to making the tracks narrower which is key to
achieving the aggressive aerial density targets, but this
demands higher servo bandwidth to keep the head
centered on ever-decreasing track widths with minimal
track misregistration (see Figure 1). These reasons encourage designers to approach mechanical and materials
solutions to increase the servo bandwidth, improving
structural frequency response while at the same time
reducing both actuator power and seek time.
Servomechanical bandwidth
Servo system gain establishes the servo’s ability to keep
the heads following on-track against mechanical disturbance to the disk spindle, actuator and suspensions. Gain
is limited by the mechanical resonances of the actuator,
of which there are many. To achieve aerial density goals
and higher performance, several mechanical changes to
improve servomechanical bandwidth have been effectively implemented on past generations of disk drives.
First, rotating disk spindles faster at 10,000 to 15,000
rpm helped to achieve lower latencies and, to some
extent, higher data rates. By reducing the disk diameter
and number of disks, both the power requirement and
disk flutter have decreased at these high rpms. Smaller
disks allow smaller, shorter actuators which by nature of
mechanical scaling, result in a higher servomechanical
bandwidth. Disk drive architects don’t always have the
option to increase spindle speed and decrease the form
factor to meet design goals of successive generations of
disk drive. Economics generally favors staying with a
given mechanical platform in production for three to five
generations to maximize profitability. Smaller, lower
flying sliders are being mounted on shorter, stiffer suspensions, both of which contribute to higher overall
servo bandwidth. But again, the drive architects cannot
change the slider and suspension design on subsequent
generations for bandwidth improvements. Clearly, other
solutions are required.
As a rule of thumb, the servo bandwidth frequency is
determined by 20% of the frequency of the lowest
actuator resonance, often either the suspension’s first
torsional mode or the actuator’s butterfly mode. In this
study, the butterfly mode for a standard actuator is
around 3600 Hz, limiting the servo bandwidth to 800
Hz. An illustration of how increasing track density drives
the requirement for increasing servo bandwidth is shown
in Figure 1. As track pitch push past 20,000 tracks per
inch, the servo bandwidth will need to go beyond the
Figure 1. Trends showing requirement of increasing
servo bandwidth as track density grows and faster seek
times drive lower actuator rotational inertia.
current value of 1 kHz. As read seek times decrease, a
lower rotational inertia actuator will be required, as
shown in Figure 1.
There are several potential methods to improve servomechanical bandwidth. Dual-stage actuators have a small
(often electrostatic or piezoelectric) actuator mounted on
the slider or suspension, in conjunction with a traditional
rotary actuator. The large, low bandwidth, rotary
actuator performs the long seeks with the fine positioning required to track follow, provided by the low inertia,
high bandwidth electrostatic actuator. Suspension
designers have incorporated piezoelectric-driven fine
milli-positioners that deflect the suspension into their
high bandwidth designs. These designs have the disadvantages of additional cost, require more electrical lines
and have questionable reliability. Improved servomechanical bandwidth can also be obtained by changing the
E-block material. This paper will focus on the use of
certain advanced materials for E-block to improve the
servomechanical bandwidth and seek times.
E-block Material Performance
An actuator consists of the main structural member
called the E-block, which supports a bonded coil on one
end and sliders on suspensions swaged to the tips of its
arms. The central bore hole receives a pivot bearing and
an arm electronic module and flexible power cable
mount to the side of the E-block. Replacing the traditional 6061 aluminum E-block material with one that
has a high stiffness-to-density ratio is a low-risk way to
significantly increase the servo bandwidth. Ideal material
property requirements are high stiffness (2 to 6 times
that of aluminum), with density remaining about the
same as or less than aluminum. Good candidate
materials fall in three categories: 1) cermets (ceramic
metal composites), 2) metal matrix composites, and 3)
beryllium alloys. Understanding these materials’
microstructure and fabrication processes is key to
explaining their advanced properties and how that
improves actuator performance.
In general, many of the major structural modes of
vibration of an actuator are governed by the E-block’s
material and geometry. Fabricating the E-block out of a
stiff/light-weight material will have a positive effect on
the structural frequency response: the exact behavior
depends on the material chosen. Four major categories of
materials are available to the disk drive designer, they
are: 1) traditional metal alloys, 2) cermets,[2 & 3] 3)
beryllium alloys,[4] and 4) metal matrix composites
(MMCs).[5] The structural frequency increases with a
parameter known as the specific modulus, which is the
tensile modulus (stiffness) divided by the density.
Notice in Figure 2 how the metals have a linear relationship of increasing density to a proportional increase in
tensile modulus, the slope of the line represents the
specific modulus for these metals. For example, if an
E-block design is changed from light but flexible magnesium, to slightly heavier and stiffer aluminum, the
Figure 2. Advanced E-block material properties showing
relationship of stiffness versus density.
structural frequency of the E-block will remain the same
because the increase in stiffness is counterbalanced by the
increase in density. This applies to titanium and steel,
which exhibit no improvement in the structural frquencies and make the actuator have higher inertia, thus
consuming more power. This trend is not followed by the
advanced materials under consideration. In the case of
pure beryllium, it is 30% lighter and 4.4 times stiffer
than aluminum. For processing and cost considerations,
the beryllium is alloyed with aluminum and not used in
its pure state. Notice the negative slope of the line connecting aluminum to beryllium, which means that as
more aluminum is replaced with beryllium, the alloy gets
proportionally stiffer and lighter. In the case of silicon
carbide metal matrix composite, the slope of the line is
steep and positive because silicon carbide is only 20%
more dense (and 5.8 times more stiff) than aluminum.
This means as more silicon carbide is added to
aluminum, the metal matrix increases only slightly in
density while undergoing a big shift in stiffness. Similarly,
another structural ceramic (boron carbide) is close in
density to aluminum but is 5 times stiffer, so again, a
cermet made with boron carbide and aluminum will have
roughly the same density and 5 times the stiffness.
Microstructure and Processes
Microstructural control of the advanced materials is
needed to obtain the desired performance and is determined by the forming processes used. In the four
materials investigated, there is at least one light, stiff
phase in majority while the compliant aluminum
comprises the minority phase. In Figure 3a, the structure
of a 62% beryllium-38% aluminum alloy is shown.
Because Be and Al are not miscible, the alloy was formed
using powders of Be and Al which were placed in a
malleable canister, evacuated (to prevent oxidation and
porosity), hot pressed, and then hot extruded. Fine
beryllium particles (gray) are seen to have joined while
continued on page 29
OMG Fidelity
continued from page 27
the aluminum (white) became liquid and flowed surrounding the beryllium. This technique creates a fine,
uniform microstructure. Since the majority phase is
beryllium, the alloy’s properties will be closest to
beryllium and be light and stiff.
A micrograph of the cermet aluminum boron carbide
(AlBC) is shown in Figure 3b. A complex, five-phase
structure is evident with phases varying in size, color,
morphology, and distribution. To make AlBC mixtures of
fine powders of metallic aluminum and boron carbide
are blended with binders (they can be injection molded),
and are then reaction bonded at high temperature and
pressure, to initiate chemical reactions between the
aluminum, carbon and boron. What results is a cermet
that is extremely stiff, light weight, has good thermal
conductivity, and is electrically conductive.
Large particles of hard, stiff silicon carbide (dark) are
surrounded by smaller particles of SiC, all of which are
embedded in a matrix of aluminum (see Figure 3c).
Pressure infusion casting is the preferred method to
fabricate this high-percentage fill MMC. In this process,
a mixture of large and small reinforcing particles are
Figure 3. Micrographs showing phase structure and
morphology of: a) 62%beryllium-38%aluminum alloy, b)
aluminum-boron-carbide cermet, c) aluminum-68% silicon
carbide metal matrix composite and, d) 65%beryllium31%aluminum-4%AgGeCo alloy.
blended with a binder and then compacted in a die to
make a ceramic preform. Following debinding, the
porous ceramic preform is placed in a copper-carbon
composite die for casting. Molten aluminum is drawn
into the casting die under vacuum, where it infuses the
preform by penetrating the pores under the driving force
of capillary action. The result is an MMC with a high
ceramic content that is discontinuous, surrounded by a
continuous aluminum phase. The SiC imparts high
strength and high stiffness without detracting from the
density, and the aluminum provides improved fracture
toughness and electrical conductivity.
Keynote Dinner Presentation
Quantum Corporation Chairman and CEO Michael
Brown presented his views on current trends and opportunities in the data storage industry at the DISKCON
USA Keynote Dinner, held Sept. 19 at The Westin Hotel
in Santa Clara, CA.
For a copy of his presentation (including video footage),
please visit the Quantum Website at www.quantum.com.
2001 Events
The following dates have been confirmed for the
Quarterly Dinner Meetings scheduled for 2001. Check
the IDEMA Website at www.idema.org for further
updates regarding keynote speakers.
Feb. 15, May 24, July 19, Nov. 8
Casting of beryllium aluminum results in a different
microstructure than hot pressing. A pebbly structure
arises from applying vibrations to the mold as the alloy
cools, and the addition of small quantities of alloying
elememnts (Ag, Co and Ge) to break up the naturally
occurring dendritic structure. This process produced a
large, oblate phase of beryllium surrounded by a small
but continuous phase of aluminum, as seen in Figure 3d.
As before, the beryllium imparts high strength, high
stiffness, reduces the density, and yet this alloy is ductile.
This ends Part 1 of 2 for Advanced Materials for High
Bandwidth Actuators (by Walter Prater and Amine
Hajji, IBM—Storage Technology Division). Look for
Part 2, scheduled to appear in the next issue of
INSIGHT, published in 2001.
Helping to promote IDEMA member companies is one of the services that
IDEMA takes great pride in providing each of you. Two of the best examples
of this are: 1) our annual Directory of Products and Services for the Disk
Drive Industry, and 2) the Disk Drive World Map Calendar.
By now, most of you have received your new IDEMA membership directory for
2001. In an effort to further promote the members of IDEMA, the directory is
printed and distributed annually to members around the world—in time for
DISKCON USA, the world’s largest tradeshow and technical conference dedicated to
the data storage industry. Corporate members receive up to ten complimentary copies
of the directory (a $250 value). Copies are also distributed freely at numerous literature kiosks
located throughout the San Jose Convention Center during DISKCON USA. By making this
valuable tool available to all members, as well as everyone attending DISKCON, we are putting
your company’s vital information in the hands of the movers and the shakers in the data
storage industry.
You may have noticed that this year IDEMA used a new process to gather information for the
directory—via an online directory available on the IDEMA Website. Each member company was
given a unique password (issued to an employee designated as the IDEMA “corporate contact“)
to enable real-time access to their online directory listing (24 hours a day/7 days a week). Our
goal was to give members the ability to own/update their company and product information
themselves (whenever changes in the organization occur), without having to contact IDEMA to
do so. When passwords were issued, members were also advised to review and update their
online information (before the scheduled cutoff date), which would then be exported from the
online database and used for the printed directory.
As with any new process, there were a few glitches, but overall the directory turned out great.
This new procedure for gathering information about members is just one example of how
IDEMA is constantly looking for new ways to improve processes and thereby improve services
and benefits offered to our members. If you have questions about your current listing (online
or in print), please contact your “corporate contact“ for IDEMA activities and services—they
will be happy to work with you to keep the information up to date (If you’re uncertain who
that person is, you will find that
information with your company’s
listing in the online membership
directory located at
www.idema.org).
Director of
Services,
Debbie Lee
408.330.8108
Another very popular promotional
opportunity provided to IDEMA
members is the annual publication of
the “Disk Drive World Map and
Calendar.” This beautiful calendar is
also released during DISKCON USA
so that member companies receive
maximum exposure from their participation. This year’s map was prominently displayed
throughout the DISKCON exhibit show floor and was sold at the IDEMA Gift Shop. As a member
benefit, the names of all IDEMA corporate members are foil-stamped along the outer perimeter
of the map, free of charge—they also receive one complimentary copy. Companies who
purchase space on the map calendar have their company logo, with a picture of their building
(optional), displayed geographically on the map as well—and receive 20–30 copies per
location. If you wish to purchase a map calendar, please visit the IDEMA Website at
www.idema.org and order one today.
With 2001 fast approaching, the IDEMA Membership Committee is already hard at work
planning activities, services, and benefits guaranteed to make the coming year a successful one
for all of us.
Dupont Ad
www.dupont.com/vertrel
Charity Golf Tournament Raises $50,000
for All Stars Helping Kids
The 5th annual Mark Geenen Technology for Youth Charity Golf Tournament, held on
Sept. 18, 2000 at the Castlewood Country Club in Pleasanton, CA, was a rousing
success. Despite temperatures that went above 100 degrees, over 200 golfers from 41
companies, and volunteers from all over the Bay Area, came together to enjoy a
competitive scramble format tournament and to contribute to a very worthy charity.
Once again IDEMA has teamed with former San Francisco 49er and “Hall-of-Famer“
Ronnie Lott and his charity “All Stars Helping Kids,“ to raise $50,000 for the Eastside
College Preparatory School. All Stars Helping Kids is a nonprofit organization
(founded in 1989) based on the practical notion that a community can and should
make a meaningful contribution to the lives of children facing adversity. Eastside Prep,
a privately funded educational institution located in East Palo Alto, CA (one of Silicon
Valley’s poorest communities academically), is providing unparalleled educational
opportunities for local residents. The first class of eight graduating students from
Eastside Prep this year have all been admitted to four-year universities—a first for all
of the families involved.
At the post-tournament Awards Banquet, Ronnie spoke about the many “start-ups“
here in Silicon Valley and the wealth generated because of them. He then pointed out
that a “start-up“ that is making one of the most important impacts on our community is
the one that was founded and directed by Stanford graduate Chris Bischof—Eastside
College Preparatory School. Lives are being changed daily as kids are offered the
opportunity for an education that would not otherwise have been possible if not for
Chris Bischof and Eastside Prep. Chris has dedicated his life to creating a school
environment where these youngsters are encouraged to excel academically and where
they can be proud of the accomplishments they achieve towards reaching that goal.
“What Chris Bischof and Eastside Prep are doing is simply phenomenal,“ stated Mark
Geenen. “There are many charities with which IDEMA can cooperate, but we are
thrilled to be working with All Stars Helping Kids and Eastside Prep. The school is
making fundamental changes and creating opportunities that never before existed for
disadvantaged youth.“
IDEMA is proud to have played an integral part in creating this opportunity for our
industry to make a big difference in lives less fortunate than our own.
If you missed out on the opportunity to participate in the golf tournament, you may still
contribute to this worthy cause by sending in a generous check donation made
payable to All Stars Helping Kids (all donations are tax-deductible). Please send
directly to IDEMA, to the attention of Debbie Lee. For more information on All Stars
Helping Kids, contact Jill Peterson at 650-363-1395 or visit their website at
www.allstars.kids.org.
Ronnie Lott (left)
and Keena Turner
thanked the golf
participants for
their generous
contributions at
the posttournament
Awards
Banquet.
Volunteers helping with registration and check in.
5TH
ANNUAL
MARK
GEENEN
TECHNOLOGY
FOR
YOUTH
CHARITY GOLF TOURNAMENT
IDEMA warmly thanks everyone who
participated in the 5th Annual Mark
Geenen Technolgy for Youth Charity Golf
Tournament. Each player and volunteer
helped former San Francisco 49er and
“Hall-of-Famer” Ronnie Lott and his
charity ”All Stars Helping Kids,” to raise
$50,000 for the Eastside College
Preparatory School.
Overall Tournament Winners
Contest
Winners
Prize
Overall Tournament Winners (photo above):
First Place
Wayne Kestermont, Lloyd Hennessey,
Kerry O’Neal & Rich Bangle
(PureTech foursome)
Perpetual trophy
Hill Course Winners:
First Place
Wayne Kestermont, Lloyd Hennessey,
Kerry O’Neal & Rich Bangle
(PureTech foursome)
Second Place
Bill Lewis, Bruce Salera,
David Gates, & Pat Tenney
(TRENDFOCUS, Inc. foursome)
Third Place
Randy Meadows, Chris Bentley,
Austin Jones, & Michelle Hale
(Texwipe foursome)
Men’s Closest to Pin Contest
Misha Rosenberg
Men’s Longest Drive Contest
Lloyd Hennessey
Men’s Most Accurate Drive Contest Rich Bangle
Predict Distance Contest
Eric Slatek & Johnny Gosset (Tied)
Trophies & Nevada Bob’s gift certificates
Trophies & golf shirts
Trophies & tee shirts
Daido driver
Matsubo putter
Driver from Interactive Golf
Ariba computer bag & golf picture
Valley Course Winners:
First Place
Jeffrey Tan, Randy Curtis,
Hank Pselos, & Dick Thompson
(Xyratex foursome)
Second Place
Art Honegger, Dennis Charlebois,
Jasbir Atwal & John Foo
(DRS Ahead Technology foursome)
Third Place
Janet Riechers, Paul Kalil,
Jerry Rislove & Bob Johnson
(Chemready Filter foursome)
Men’s Closest to Pin Contest
Mike Mifsud
Men’s Longest Drive Contest
Matt Watson
Women’s Longest Drive Contest
Janet Riechers
Men’s Most Accurate Drive Contest Joe Allen
Women’s Most Accurate
Janet Riechers
Drive Contest
Predict Distance Contest
Hank Pselos
Trophies & Nevada Bob’s gift certificates
Trophies & golf shirts
Trophies & tee shirts
KLA putter
Matsubo putter
Solid State Equipment putter
Interactive Golf driver
Chipper from Nevada Bob’s
Ariba computer bag & golf picture
Miscellaneous Winners:
Chipping Contest
Putting Contest
Craig Metheany
Kerry O’Neal
Electric putting machine & dozen golf balls
Daido driver
SPONSORSHIPS & DONATIONS
Contest Sponsors
Ariba, Inc.
KLA-Tencor Corporation
Lucent Technologies
Microelectronics Group
TRENDFOCUS, Inc.
Description
Predict Distance Contest
Chipping Contest
Hole-in-One Contest
Putting Contest
Hole Sponsors
ADE
Ariba, Inc.
Baxter and Associates
Entegris
HMT Technology
IBM OEM Technology Group
Intevac, Inc.
KLA-Tencor Corporation
Komag, Inc.
Lucent Technologies Microelectronics
Group
Maxtor Corporation
Motion Control Systems, Inc.
Quantum Corporation
Seagate Technology
Terry L. Wetterman, Sr., Corporate
Mergers & Technology
Acquisitions, Inc.
TRENDFOCUS, Inc.
Ultratech Stepper, Inc.
Veeco Instruments, Inc.
Western Digital Corporation
Xyratex International
Description
1 Hole
2 Holes
1 Hole
2 Holes
1 Hole
2 Holes
1 Hole
2 Holes
1 Hole
2 Holes
Contest Prize Donations
Ariba, Inc.
Description
Computer bag &
goodie bag prize
3 drivers
Putter & golf balls
Goodie bag prize
Daido Steel Co., Ltd.
KLA-Tencor Corporation
Lucent Technologies Microelectronics
Group
Matsubo Company (America) Inc.
NHK International Corporation
Solid State Equipment Corporation
USI Manufacturing Services
Xyratex International
Wayne Fortun
Steve Luczo
K.Y. Phua
Patrick M. Tenney
Raffle Prize Donations
In and Out Burger
Mission Peak Promotions
Nevada Bob's Golf & Tennis
City Grill Restaurant
San Jose Hyatt Hotel
1
1
1
2
2
Hole
Hole
Hole
Holes
Holes
2
2
2
2
2
Holes
Holes
Holes
Holes
Holes
RAFFLE PRIZE WINNERS
Prize
49er tickets & backstage pass for
Ronnie Lott Post-Game show
$100 gift certificate at City Grill Restaurant
$100 gift certificate at City Grill Restaurant
$25 gift certificate at Nevada Bob's
4 tickets to “A Night of Music, Art & Heart”
Golf bag & a dozen golf balls
Golf bag & a dozen golf balls
Golf bag & a dozen golf balls
Golf bag & a dozen golf balls
In and Out Burger tee shirts, golf
shirts & gift certificates
Jerry Rice helmet
Joe Montana football
Ronnie Lott football jersey
Saturday night stay & Sunday
brunch at San Jose Hyatt
Saturday night stay & Sunday
brunch at San Jose Hyatt
Southwest Airlines tckets
Steve Young football
Weekend stay & breakfast for two
at The Westin Hotel, Santa Clara
2 putters
Golf balls for goodie bag
1 putter
Barrel of golf balls
Golf balls for goodie bag
Personal contribution
Personal contribution
Personal contribution
Personal contribution
Southwest Airlines
The Westin Hotel, Santa Clara
Description
Golf/tee shirts, jacket & coupons
4 golf bags
$100 in gift certificates
$100 in gift certificates (2)
Weekend stay &
Sunday Brunch for two (2)
2 roundtrip airline tickets
Weekend stay dinner for two (1)
Food Donations
Dryers Ice Cream
Fuzio Universal Pasta Restaurant
IBM OEM Technology Group
Seagate Technology
The Texwipe Company
U.S. Cold Storage
Description
Ice cream bars
Martini Bar
Beverage cart
Awards dinner
Beverage cart
Dry ice
Winner
Sam Shahidi
Ray Martin
Gianna Leonarduzzi
Jerry Clark
Maury McKenna
Vic Gines
Dennis Charlebois
Will Cobb
Doug Campbell
B. Kayhour
Jeff Rhoton
Wayne Klusmeier
Bill Harris
Harvey Kroll
Gerry Nicklas
Rudy Boyntan
Oz Fundingsland
Gerry Nicklas
Enthusiastic
raffle winners
(Mike Mifsud,
top left, Wayne
Klusmeier, top,
and Bill Harris,
left) were
presented their
prizes from
IDEMA Director
of Services
Debbie Lee.
COMMITTEE & TOURNAMENT VOLUNTEERS
Golf Committee: Jon Anderson, Dave Frost, Oz Fundingsland, Mark
Geenen, Don Landsittel, Debbie Lee,* Maury McKenna, Gerry Nicklas,
and Bill Reardon.
Tournamemnt Volunteers: Jane Armstrong, Sally Casas, Elaine Casel,
Corina Colantino, April Dambrosio, Carmen Donovan, Judy Eischen,
Lisa Elliott, Katie Gerber, Gerald Gressley, Trudy Gressley,* Lisa Hood,*
Yoly Howell, Kenny Jackson, Don Landsittel, Darci Motta, Sharon Parks,
Shawna Preciado, Paul Smith, Frank Uda, and Vicki Wolfe.
*IDEMA Staff
Don’t forget to tear out and display on your wall.
November 2000
Nov. 15
Nov. 23
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Certificate of Competence
in Storage Technology:
HDD Manufacturing Basics
(Core Module)
Singapore
As a joint effort between
IDEMA Asia-Pacific and
Singapore Polytechnic (SP),
this program addresses the
need to stay current with
rapid developments in the
industry’s progress. Designed
for anyone desiring the
technical foundation to
become more effective and
productive in the data
storage industry. Modules are
independent and can be
attended separately.
Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific
[email protected]
+65-226-4237
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Certificate of Competence
in Storage Technology:
ESD/Disk Drive Handling
(Core Module)
Singapore
Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific
[email protected]
+65-226-4237
Nov. 16
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Certificate of Competence
in Storage Technology:
Media Manufacturing
Basics (Elective Module)
Singapore
Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific
[email protected]
+65-226-4237
Nov. 17
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Certificate of Competence
in Storage Technology:
Fundamentals of Head
Technology (Core Module)
Singapore
Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific
[email protected]
+65-226-4237
Nov. 24
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Certificate of Competence
in Storage Technology:
Disk Drive Reliability (Core
Module)
Singapore
Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific
[email protected]
+65-226-4237
Nov. 27
Call for Papers (Abstract
Due): Novel Storage
Technologies & Applications Symposium on Feb.
14, 2001
Contact: Kristen Montan
[email protected]
408-330-8109
December 2000
Dec. 1
Dec. 6
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Certificate of Competence
in Storage Technology:
Head Manufacturing
Basics (Elective Module)
Singapore
Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific
[email protected]
+65-226-4237
IDEMA HR Roundtable
Meeting: Implementing a
Global Focal System
Contact: Sally Bryant
[email protected]
408.330.8106
Dec. 1
Call for Papers (Abstract
Due): 2nd International
Symposium on Laser
Precision Microfabrication
(LPM2001) on May 16–18
Data Storage Institute (DSI)
Singapore
Contact: Goh Yeow Whatt
[email protected]
+65 777 1349 (fax)
Dec. 14
Workforce Silicon Valley
Engineering Technology
Consortium
Assist in the process to develop educational programs
and curriculum that will help
produce the highly skilled
workers and professionals
needed in Silicon Valley.
Contact: Rendee Dore'
[email protected]
408-271-3930
Nov. 30
IDEMA Asia-Pacific
Certificate of Competence
in Storage Technology:
PRML Basics (Elective
Module)
Singapore
Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific
[email protected]
+65-226-4237
Event information listed is taken from the
IDEMA online calendar—available to the
general public for adding calendar events. Visit
www.idema.org and click on Events and then
Industry Calendar in the navigation bar. You can
add as many events as you wish along with a
brief description OR referencing URL. Contact
Chris Carrig ([email protected]) for additional
information.
2001 Events
Jan. 8–11
Mar. 14 & 15
8th Joint Magnetism &
Magnetics Materials (MMM)
INTERMAG Conference
San Antonio, TX
Contact: Courtesy Associates
[email protected]
202-973-8668
DISKCON Asia-Pacific
The Westin Stamford
Hotel—Singapore
Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific
[email protected]
+65-226-3412
Jan. 12
Apr. 18
May 16–18
Jun. 21
Advanced Head Interface
Technology Symposium
Minneapolis, MN
Subjects covered: heads,
suspensions (flex and
wireless), microactuation, and
disk interface technologies.
Contact: Kristen Montan
[email protected]
408-330-8109
Call for Papers (Abstract
Due): Understanding ESD in
Magnetic Recording
Symposium on Apr. 18
Contact: Kristen Montan
[email protected]
408-330-8109
Understanding ESD in
Magnetic Recording
Symposium
The Westin Hotel—Santa
Clara, CA
Subjects covered: ESD
protection of MR/GMR
heads, tunneling MR (TMR)
devices and ESD, design
considerations for controlling
ESD in HDDs, and ESD and
EMI testing for heads and
drives.
Contact: Kristen Montan
[email protected]
408-330-8109
2nd International
Symposium on Laser
Precision Microfabrication
(LPM2001)
Data Storage Institute (DSI)
Singapore
Laser-materials interaction is
becoming one of the most
attractive areas of research
focus. The rapid development
of laser technology in the
aspects of short pulse and
short wavelength enables
laser precision microfabrication (LPM) to be more
applicable to electronics,
optoelectronics, and medical
device industries. For further
information, visit DSI online at
www.dsi.nus.edu.sg/
tracks/laser/Lpm2001.
Contact: Goh Yeow Whatt
[email protected]
+65 777 1349 (fax)
Feb. 14
Apr. 18–20
May 24
Novel Storage Technologies
& Applications Symposium
The Westin Hotel—Santa
Clara, CA
Subjects covered: Flash,
microdrives, SMART cards,
and non-traditional, removable
storage devices and systems.
Contact: Kristen Montan
[email protected]
408-330-8109
DISKCON Japan
Tokyo Big Sight—Tokyo,
Japan
Contact: IDEMA Japan
+81-3-3539-7071
IDEMA Quarterly Dinner
Meeting
The Westin Hotel—Santa
Clara, CA
Contact: Review event details
and register online!
www.idema.org
Call for Papers (1-Paragraph
Abstract Due): 12th ISPS
Symposium on Jun. 27–29
Santa Clara, CA
Contact: Mike Suk
[email protected]
408-256-6435
Jan. 22
Feb. 15
IDEMA Quarterly Dinner
Meeting
The Westin Hotel—Santa
Clara, CA
Contact: Review event details
and register online!
www.idema.org
Jun. 27–29
12th ISPS Symposium
Santa Clara, CA
Will focus on recent research
results on disk drives, tape
drives, optical drives, printers,
and camera technology.
Contact: Mike Suk
[email protected]
408-256-6435
Jul. 19
IDEMA Quarterly Dinner
Meeting
The Westin Hotel—Santa
Clara, CA
Contact: Review event details
and register online!
www.idema.org
Sept. 18–20
DISKCON USA
San Jose Convention Center—
San Jose, CA
Contact: IDEMA Show Group
[email protected]
408-492-1436
Nov. 8
IDEMA Quarterly Dinner
Meeting
The Westin Hotel—Santa
Clara, CA
Contact: Review event details
and register online!
www.idema.org
Eastman Chemical
Company Ad
www.eastman.com
Tegal Corporation
www..tegal.com
authors wanted
IDEMA is now accepting abstracts for articles to be
published in INSIGHT magazine. Contributed articles
should address topics of interest to IDEMA members
and/or their customers. Authors interested in submitting
an abstract for consideration may contact INSIGHT’s
editor, Jeri Burdick, at [email protected], or visit
www.idema.org to review author guidelines and
submission requirements.
Advertiser Index
Veeco Process Equipment—www.veeco.com/cluster inside front cover
Avery Dennison—www.averydennison.com
page 7
GE Micron Products—www.AbrasivesNet.com
page 8
CDS Analytical, Inc.
page 9
Texas Instruments—www.ti.com/sc/7068
page 11
Seagate Recording Media Operations—www.seagate.com
page 13
Manufacturing Technology Inc. (MTI)—www.mtionline.com
page 14
Morning Planet—www.datastorex.com
page 19
Lucent Technologies—www.lucent.com/micro/storage
center spread
OMG Fidelity—www.omgi.com
page 28
DuPont—www.dupont.com/vertrel
page 31
Eastman Chemical Company—www.eastman.com
page 37
Tegal Corporation—www.tegal.com
page 38
Veeco Metrology Group—www.metro.veeco.com
page 42
Engis Corporation—www.engis.com
page 45
Thanks to 2000 Advertisers
We would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge and
thank the following IDEMA member companies (listed by
advertising dollars spent), for choosing INSIGHT magazine
to showcase their advertising message:
Lucent Technologies
Veeco Process Equipment
CDS Analytical, Inc.
Manufacturing Technology Inc. (MTI)
Texas Instruments
Veeco Metrology Group
DuPont
Eastman Chemical Company
EFD Inc.
Seagate Technology
Ion Systems
Engis Corporation
GE Micron Products
Oryx Advanced Materials, Inc.
ASML Special Applications
Phase Metrics
Stäubli Unimation
Tegal Corporation
Morning Planet
Avery Dennison
Praxair Surface Technologies
KLA-Tencor Corporation
MMC Technology
OMG Fidelity
The Texwipe Company
VTC Inc.
HDI Instrumentation
Hewlett-Packard Co.
CBL Data Recovery Technologies
IDEMA Committees
As a membership organization, IDEMA depends on the dedication and commitment of its
members to ensure the vitality of association programs. Each year members serve on IDEMA
committees to oversee association governance, honors and awards, publications, and professional services.
If you would be interested in participating on any of the active committees listed below,
contact the designated IDEMA staff liaison for further information:
IDEMA Staff Liaison: K.Y. Phua
Formed on Sept. 15, 1999 with Dr. Pornchai
Piemsomboon, senior VP at Seagate Technology, as
the first chairman.
mentation plans for DISKCON and make suggestions
for improvement and growth. Assist in planning
DISKCON by making projections and forecasts of
industry participation at DISKCON. Address specific
issues brought to the committee's attention.
Communications Committee
Education/Training Committee
Asia-Pacific Management Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Jeri Burdick
(see Committee Focus article in the
November/December 1999 issue of INSIGHT)
Increase awareness of the data storage industry and
associated technologies through the ongoing
acquisition of high-quality technical articles published
in INSIGHT. Committee members add value by
sharing their technical expertise and industry
viewpoints to determine the editorial focus for each
issue. Areas of focus are determined in the annual
editorial calendar, with authors actively solicited
throughout the year based on those areas. Committee
members review and approve all article abstracts for
technical credibility and relevance prior to being
accepted for publication in INSIGHT.
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Sally Bryant
Determine the focus of educational and training
curriculum provided to members.
Exhibitors Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Barbara Alvarez
Act as focus group, meeting twice a year (in February
or May and in September at DISKCON) to get
feedback from exhibiting companies.
Finance Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Trudy Gressley
Oversee the financial activities of the association to
ensure compliance with industry/government
regulations.
Dinner Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Debbie Lee
Arrange programs for IDEMA’s Quarterly Dinners,
which are stimulating and informative, and provide a
regular meeting place for the industry’s participants.
Dinner topics will be of importance to the data
storage industry, and speakers selected to present will
be considered leading authorities on those topics.
DISKCON Tradeshow Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Barbara Alvarez
Discuss and recommend the general direction and
strategy for the DISKCON tradeshows. Review imple-
Golf Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Debbie Lee
Organize annual charity golf tournament in
conjunction with DISKCON USA. The focus of the
tournament is to help charities that enable underprivileged youth by providing access to technology that
they would not otherwise have.
International Executive Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Larry Eischen
To help members meet the challenge of a global industry, IDEMA
formed the International Executive Committee (IEC). Ensure global
focus of IDEMA by considering investment strategies for delivery
of services, organization and deployment of IDEMA staff and
optimization of communications to member companies
worldwide. Recommendations of the IEC will be communicated to
the regional management of IDEMA for implementation. The IEC
is a ten-member committee comprised of three members from
each of IDEMA’s regions plus the IDEMA president.
International Technical Sessions Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Kristen Montan
(see Committee Focus article in the September/October 1999
issue of INSIGHT)
To attract the critical mass audience, educate them about the
latest technology and provide a general roadmap to the disk
drive industry.
Membership Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Debbie Lee
Attract the customers of disk drive manufacturers by presenting
IDEMA to them as the ultimate data storage information source
and increase IDEMA worldwide membership and active participation in IDEMA.
Standards Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Kristen Montan
IDEMA standards committees strive to develop and establish
internationally approved standards for the data storage industry.
The committees consist of volunteers from throughout the industry
who dedicate their time to address issues related to standards
development.
The active Standards committees and associated
subcommittees are:
Disk/Substrates
• Lube Thickness & Control Start/Stop (CSS) Testing
• Disk Magnetics—(see Committee Focus article in the
March/April 2000 issue of INSIGHT)
• Optical Inspection
Emitted Shock and Vibration—(see Committee Focus article in
the January/February 1999 issue of INSIGHT)
Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS)
• Energy Efficiency
ESD
HDD Reliability—(see Committee Focus article in the
May/June 1999 issue of INSIGHT)
Heads —(see Committee Focus article in the
January/February 2000 issue of INSIGHT)
Microcontamination
• Lab Correlation
• Cleanroom Contamination —(see Committee Focus article in
the July/August 1999 issue of INSIGHT)
Symposium Planning Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Kristen Montan
(see Committee Focus article in the July/August 2000 issue of
INSIGHT)
Develop, organize and deliver high quality, timely, and relevant
symposia to IDEMA members. Topics are selected from member
input through surveys conducted at symposia and at DISKCON.
Technology Showcase Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Larry Eischen
Preserve historical information regarding the evolution of the data
storage industry and associated technologies through exhibits
that display the significant milestone disk drives. The exhibits will
be contributed to the Computer Museum’s Computer History
Center, upon completion of the museum’s planned building.
University Committee
IDEMA Staff Liaison: Sally Bryant
(see Committee Focus articles in the May/June 2000
and March/April 1999 issues of INSIGHT)
To promote the advanced study of technologies of the disk drive
and to improve the communication between the universities and
IDEMA membership via a committee containing members from
both groups. Cooperative activities to date include the Fellowship
Program and a DISKCON University Forum in which the
Fellowship winners receive their awards and describe their work
in the field.
As of 2000, the committee’s accomplishments include five years
of fellowship scholarships awarded to outstanding students of
member universities across the country, as well as five years of
publishing papers from winning students and distributing them at
the University Forum and to any IDEMA member requesting
them. Thus the details of the work sponsored is given back to the
membership as an additional benefit.
Participation in the University Committee is open to representatives from universities having masters and doctorate programs
relevant to the data storage industry and to IDEMA members
qualified to review programs of work submitted by the students.
Veeco Metrology Ad
(www.metro.veeco.com)
ready...
set...
GO!
IDEMA is now accepting abstracts for papers to be presented at
symposia in 2001. Abstracts are reviewed by our Symposia
Committee, with speakers selected from the top submissions.
Don’t get left behind ... contact standards program manager
Kristen Montan for additional information and guidelines.
Novel Storage Technologies and Applications
Feb. 14
The Westin Hotel—Santa Clara, CA
Subjects covered: Flash, microdrives, SMART cards, and non-traditional, removable
storage devices and systems.
Submit abstracts: No later than Nov. 27, 2000
Understanding ESD in Magnetic Recording
Apr. 18
The Westin Hotel—Santa Clara, CA
Subjects covered: ESD protection of MR/GMR heads, tunneling MR (TMR) devices and ESD, design considerations for controlling ESD in HDDs, and ESD and EMI testing for heads and drives.
Submit abstracts: No later than Jan. 22
Advanced Head Interface Technology
Jun. 21
Location to be Announced—Minneapolis, MN
Subjects covered: heads, suspensions (flex and wireless), microactuation, and disk interface technologies.
Submit abstracts: No later than Mar. 26
Abstracts submitted must be 250 words or less and should address topics of interest to IDEMA members
and/or their customers (see subjects covered, referenced above).
When submitting abstracts, prospective authors should also send a personal bio of 50 words or less, along
with a cover sheet that includes contact information (name, company, address, telephone/fax numbers,
and e-mail address).
Abstracts (with bio and contact information) should be sent by mail, fax or e-mail to:
Kristen Montan, Standards Program Manager
IDEMA
3255 Scott Blvd., Suite 2-102
Santa Clara, CA 95054
fax: 408.492.1425
e-mail: Kristen Montan <[email protected]>
Today’s fast-paced storage industry requires employees to have current knowledge
of industry products and their technologies. To help you keep current, IDEMA
offers high-quality technical education classes worldwide, on-site and at
IDEMA in Santa Clara, CA. These affordable, comprehensive classes offer
storage professionals the technical information needed to keep pace in
today’s dynamic disk drive industry. To learn more about IDEMA’s
Education Program or to schedule an on-site class, contact Sally Bryant at
408.330.8106 or [email protected].
Satisfied Customers Give Rave
Reviews for Education Classes
offered at DISKCON USA 2000!
IDEMA‘s technical educational classes continue to
garner excellent reviews. Here is a short sample of
some of the comments made by this year‘s attendees
regarding these class offerings—designed to help you
keep pace with the industry:
”Excellent instructor, interesting, very
knowledgeable.”
”Fantastic overview. Analogies made concepts
easy to understand.”
”Instructor‘s ability to communicate was particularly effective.”
”Anyone involved in the disk drive manufacturing
could benefit from the information provided.”
”Excellent overview! Instructor was fabulous! The
best I‘ve ever had in a course.”
IDEMA offered 16 classes at DISKCON to an enthusiastic audience. Several classes, including Disk Drive
Basics, Head-Disk Interface, Introduction to GMR
Head Technology and KnowledgeTek‘s The Cutting
Edge were sold out. If you were one of the people
who couldn‘t get the class you wanted at DISKCON,
call Sally Bryant to see about scheduling a class for
your company or visit the IDEMA Website at
www.idema.org for a public class schedule.
irector of
ducation,
ally Bryant,
d.D.
08.330.8106
University Fellows‘ Research
Presented at DISKCON
IDEMA awards fellowships annually to the top
three graduate students in the field of magnetic
recording. To date, IDEMA has awarded
$200,000. This year‘s winners included: Nianxiang Sun, Stanford University; Hongwei Song,
Carnegie Mellon University; and Baekho Heo,
University of Washington.
• Nian-xiang‘s research focuses on ”High
Saturation Magnetization Soft Materials for
Inductive Write Heads.”
• Hongwei Song offered his research on ”Iterative
Equalization and Decoding for High-Density
Data Storage.” The objective of his research is
to illustrate that turbo/LDPC codes, with
iterative soft decoding structures, can provide
improved BER performance in data storage
channels.
• Baekho Heo shared his research on ”FlowInduced Disk Vibration of Hard Disk Drives.”
Baekho has developed a Velcro treatment inside
base casings that modifies turbulent boundary
layers and can substantially reduce disk flutter.
Their presentations are available online at
www.idema.org.
Applications for the 2001–2002 year will
be available in late January. To learn
more about the Fellowship Program,
contact Sally Bryant.
Engis Corporation Ad
www.engis.com
Discovery ”E” (E for Engineering)—Save
these dates: Feb. 19–25, 2001
The Discovery ”E” program is designed to increase student
appreciation and understanding of the engineering professions
and to foster student interest in applied mathematics, the
engineering sciences and technologies, while also stressing the
importance of mathematics and science education. Engineers
from local corporations will visit classrooms to share with students
the excitement and rewards associated with being an engineer.
If you are an engineer and would like to participate in this
rewarding program, contact Rendee Dore‘ from Workforce
Silicon Valley at 408.271.3930.
IDEMA Classes Presented in Asia-Pacific
IDEMA presented classes on Head-Disk Interface, Introduction to
Disk Drive Interfaces, and Introduction to PRML to Seagate
Technology and IBM in Thailand, and at the Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology in Hong Kong. All classes
are available in public forums or can be presented by prior
arrangement within your own facility—contact Sally Bryant for
more information.
The IDEMA/KnowledgeTek Alliance
Our alliance with KnowledgeTek, a proven leader in the field of
technical education in computer storage and interface technologies, continues to be a winner! Combine a basic class with an
advanced class to provide outstanding technical education for
your entire organization.
KnowledgeTek specializes in technical training for high-tech
companies with rapidly changing technology. Course offerings
include GMR Heads, Servo, PRML, the Head-Disk Interface,
SCSI, IDE, 1394, and Fibre Channel. (Visit the KnowledgeTek
Website at www.knowledgetek.com for complete course listings
and outlines.) All KnowledgeTek courses (including new SAN
offerings) are available in public forums or can be presented by
prior arrangement within your own facility.
IDEMA Asia-Pacific Certificate of Competence in Storage Technology
This certificate program, a joint effort between IDEMA Asia-Pacific and Singapore Polytechnic (SP),
was created to address the needs of the disk drive industry and to increase competitiveness of the
workforce. It addresses the need to keep current with rapid developments and is designed for
anyone desiring a technical foundation to become more effective and productive in the data storage
industry. Each module is independent and can be attended separately. For more information,
contact IDEMA Asia-Pacifc at [email protected] or +65-226-4237.
Nov. 8—Microcontamination (Core Module)
Acquire a general understanding of contamination
control. Learn about important topics in contamination control including cleanroom design and
operation, cleaning processes, and tooling design.
Also discussed are glove contamination measurements and problems associated with purchasing a
continuous monitoring system, with emphasis on
costs associated with contamination control.
Nov. 9—Fundamentals of Magnetism (Core
Module)
This course provides the audience with a basic
understanding of the fundamentals of magnetism.
In this course, you will learn about the principles
of magnetism relevant to the magnetic recording
process. A brief introduction to the physical basis
for ferromagnetic behavior is included, serving to
relate the internal structure of magnetic materials
to their external properties. The course reviews
basic concepts of magnetic poles, magnetic fields,
magnetization, and explains the Hysterisis loop
using the concept of domain energy. The course
presents basic concepts of magnetism in a logical
manner without the use of complicated mathematical tools.
Nov. 10—Fundamental of Hard Disk
Technology (Core Module)
This course provides an overview the hard disk
drive technology from the most basic academic
knowledge of the fundamentals of magnetism, to
the most recent advances in magnetic hard disk
technology.
Nov. 15—HDD Manufacturing Basics (Core
Module)
This course provides an overview of the HDD,
including assembly of the head-disk, printed
circuit board, and head stack and how they fit
together. This course discusses problems and
critical parameters of repeatable and nonrepeatable runout, noise, and resonance in the
assembly process. Advantages and disadvantages
of different methods of assembly and various
types of adhesives will be discussed. This course
is designed for people new to the HDD industry.
Nov. 16—Media Manufacturing Basics (Elective
Module)
Gain an understanding of the manufacturing
process for hard disk drives. Common practices
including quality and process issues of disk media
manufacturing are highlighted. Learn the functions
of the various layers in disk media structure.
Different types of disk media and their relative
merits are compared.
Nov. 17—Fundamentals of Head Technology
(Core Module)
The head technology is one of the most
interesting parts of magnetic disk drive
technology, and plays an important role in
increasing capacity. This course provides a
general overview of head technology, including
the fundamentals of magnetism and ferrite core
heads and the most recent advances in head
technology, such as the GMR/spin valve.
Nov. 24—Disk Drive Reliability (Core Module)
HDDs are a key component in every computer
system and reliability is very important. This
module provides an overview of basic reliability
concepts and terminology, as well as specifications defined by IDEMA standards. Learn of the
need for standardized specs and special considerations in the disk drive industry in regards to
reliability. An overview of reliability programs in
design, testing, and manufacturing phases are
presented. Also included are disk drive reliability
terminology, including explanations of why
certain processes are performed, and the
economic incentives behind these programs.
Nov. 30—PRML Basics (Elective Module)
PRML is introduced as an advanced digital data
encoding method designed to solve many of the
problems faced in peak detection schemes.
Encoding schemes are introduced as a means to
improve the reliability and areal density of a disk
drive. Learn how data is conditioned and encoded
for writing and reading on a disk drive. Simple
examples and easy-to-follow illustrations are
provided, giving students an understanding of the
data flow path in a disk drive.
Dec. 1—Head Manufacturing Basics (Elective
Module)
This course provides a general understanding of
the magnetic recording head manufacturing
processes and covers the slider wafer fabrication
process, the general head and slider structure,
HGA assembly, and the head stack assembly
process. General control and potential defects are
presented to help in understanding the quality
control process.
IDEMA® corporate membership is one of the most valuable tools in
your storage industry tackle box.
With new high-tech lures like on-line banner
advertising and custom Web pages, you are sure to get
some solid hits. Only corporate members are licensed
to advertise in IDEMA’s award-winning association
magazine, INSIGHT. New high-visibility ad positioning
gets customers hooked on your corporate
message—It’s up to you to reel ‘em in. And as a
corporate member, your employees are entitled to
discounts on technical education classes, symposia
proceedings, conference sessions and more!
From creative target marketing to professional
development opportunities, IDEMA corporate
membership offers you valuable savings on the
services you want and need to succeed in the data
storage industry. Apply for corporate membership
today. Contact Director of Services, Debbie Lee at
408.330.8108 or [email protected].
Fish or
Cut Bait.
Join or renew your IDEMA
corporate membership today.
IDEMA • 3255 Scott Blvd., Suite 2-102, Santa Clara, CA 95054-3013
fax: 408.492.1425 • phone: 408.330.8100 • www.idema.org
IDEMA is a registered trademark of the International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association.
8/2/00
3255 Scott Blvd.
Suite 2-102
Santa Clara, CA 95054-3013
PRSRT STD
U.S. POSTAGE
PAID
MMS, INC.
International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association
November/December
what’s
inside
6
10
22
26
Marketplace: It’s not just about “DVRs,” but ITV
Vacuum Vapor Lubrication of Hard Disks
Highlights from DISKCON® USA
Advanced Materials for High Bandwidth
Actuators
2000