2. Chapter 1 EIA_Pazhayar - Fisheries

Transcription

EIA study for Rehabilitation and Modernisation work at Pazhayar FH
INTRODUCTION
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the report:
For determining the Environmental Impact during any reconstruction/ up-gradation /
reclamation project in these coastal areas it warrants an Environmental Impact
Assessment study prior, during and after stages of the project and thereby necessitating
this study . By incorporating environmental considerations in the planning stage itself,
environmental problems can be foreseen at an early stage and appropriate solutions
can be found out. Community objections can also be minimised by publicizing the
positive impacts, which would enhance the proponent’s image as well as people will get
aware about the pros and cons of the project.
1.2 Identification of the Project and the Project proponent:
As a major step in revitalisation along the Tsunami impacted coast of Tamilnadu, the
World Bank has committed to revitalise the coastal resources along the coast of
Tamilnadu. Government of Tamilnadu (Department of Fisheries) has decided to
‘reconstruct and modernise’ the 4 fishing harbors at Pazhayar, Nagapattinam,
Mallipatinam and Chinnamuttom with modern facilities under World Bank Assistance,
and one among them is the present project on Pazhayar.
1.3 Nature, Size and Location of the Project and its importance to the Region and
Country:
Coastal environment plays a vital role in nation's economy by virtue of the resources,
productive habitats and rich biodiversity. India has a coastline of about 7,500 kms and
TamilNadu has a coastal length of about 1076 kms constituting about 15% of the total
coastal length of India and stretches along the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Arabian
Sea. The unique topography of Tamil Nadu with the Gulf of Mannar and Kaniyakumari in
the south, and Pulicat Lake, which is the second largest lagoon in the country, in the
north, has resulted in an abundance of endemic species and a large number of high
value potential resources.
Pazhayar is one among the three major fishing harbors in TamilNadu. The Government
of India has accorded administrative approval for the construction of fishing harbour
(FH) at Pazhayar, based on which, the Government. of TamilNadu, vide G.O No. 290,
Forest and Fisheries Department. dt 14.3.1983 accorded sanction for a sum of Rs 67.32
Lakhs. The fishing harbour (FH), at Pazhayar was commissioned during 1986. This fishing
harbour is situated on the southern bank of Coleroon river mouth.
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Figure 1.Pazhayar FH location Map
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Pazhayar is located in the Coromandel coast 24 kms from Sirkazhi, the taluk head
quarters and 90 kms from Nagapattinam district head quarters (Figure 1). The village is
comprised of three small areas namely Pazhayar - Pudunagar, Pazhayar - Annanagar and
Pazhayar. Major proportion of the landing here is made by fishermen living in these
three region. This fishing harbour is equipped with facilities such as rest shed, net
mending shed, auction hall, water supply, electricity, diesel bunk, ice plant, road and
transport facilities etc. The mechanized fishing vessels, non motorized traditional crafts
are using this fishing harbour (Table 1). The main fishing season is in the months of
May, June and July and the moderate season is in the months of Feburary and March.
The other months of the year are considered as off season fishery. There are about 380
mechanised and 150 non-mechanised boats and the total fish catch is estimated to be
around 9500 TPA in the Pazhayar FH.
Table 1. Background details of Pazhayar (2005)
Particulars
Numbers
Total Population
4145
Number of persons employed in fishing
1041
Wooden Mechanised boats (Trawler)
380
Non-Mechanised boats FRP
150
Source:
1) Tamilnadu Marine Fisher folk Census (2000) – Fisheries Dept.
2) Marine Fisheries Census (2005) - CMFRI
1.4 Scope of the Study:
The Scope of the present EIA-EMP exercise is to evaluate the beneficial and/or the
adverse effects of the proposed reconstruction and modernisation activity of the Fishing
Harbour on the surrounding environment. The proposed project is designed to meet the
future developments like increase in fish catch due to multi day fishing. Present fish
catch is estimated to be 9,500 TPA, and the projected fish catch is > 13,000 TPA. Since
the proposed project is likely to handle > 10000 TPA and also it has dredging component
in the proposed project, thereby it requires prior Environmental Clearance from both
State and Central level (notification :19th Januray, 2009). Besides fulfilling the legal
requirement for getting environmental clearance from statutory authorities, the specific
objectives of the EIA-EMP are as follows;
To review the current status of the environmental quality of the project site and its
surroundings. To assess the pollution that would occur after implementation of the
project and its impact on the surroundings.
To suggest an EMP including adequate pollution control methods.
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To ensure the pollutant released, if any is within the limits prescribed by State
Pollution Control Board as well as Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
To recommend a post-project monitoring programme to verify the anticipated
environmental effects and take corrective and preventive measures.
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PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Need of the Project:
The coastal ecosystem is vulnerable to frequent disturbances by natural hazards, which
affect the structure of the ecological communities in that area. Based on documented
evidences, only two earthquakes (Year :1881 & 1941) have caused tsunami run-up in the
east coast of India. And the recent one occurred on 26 December 2004 which has
caused extensive damage to the shore and foreshore area of the Tamil Nadu coastal
system, resulting in greater physical damage. Apart from the loss of human life among
the fishermen, fishing boats, fishing nets and fish landing centers have been extensively
damaged during Tsunami.
The Tsunami that struck the coast on 26.12.2004 and its impact made the policy
planners and administrators to look deep into the problems concerning this sector in a
holistic manner by providing suitable infrastructure support right at the landing
sites/Fishing harbours. These call for measures that take care of changes in
understanding the transformation process, ensuring access to technological changes
(capture, landing, handling, processing, storage, transport and marketing), provision of
onboard facilities, shore based facilities, onshore processing facilities, transport, storage
and marketing facilities apart from ancillary facilities like supply of ice. These imply the
modernization of existing Fishing harbours.
2.2 Location:
Pazhayar is located in the Coromandel coast 24 kms from Sirkazhi, the taluk head
quarters and 90 kms from Nagapattinam district head quarters. The village is comprised
of three small areas namely Pazhayar - Pudunagar, Pazhayar - Annanagar and Pazhayar.
Major proportion of the landing here is made by fishermen living in these three region.
The Government of India has accorded administrative approval for the construction of
fishing harbour (FH) at Pazhayar, based on which, the Government. of TamilNadu, vide
G.O No. 290, Forest and Fisheries Department. dt 14.3.1983 accorded sanction for a
sum of Rs 67.32 Lakhs. The fishing harbour, at Pazhayar was commissioned during 1986.
The Pazhayar fishing harbour is located in survey no 338/1 of Pazhayar village in Srikazhi
taluk of Nagapattinam district, in latitude of 11º 21 N and longitude of 79 º 49 E. This
fishing harbour is situated on the southern bank of Coleroon river mouth. The river
coleroon which is the branch of river Cauvery has in origin from Brahmapuri, joins into
the Bay of Bengal at Pazhayar.
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Figure 1a. Satellite Imagery of Pazhayar Fishing harbour
2.3 Existing Structures/Facilities at Pazhayar FH:
1. Auction Hall.
After Tsunami of Dec 26, 2004 the auction hall was reconstructed by a Donor agency.
The auction hall of 12 m by 30 m has facilities like washing, sorting, weighing, icing,
packing of fish and fish storage capacity of approx 8 Mt. However, owing to normal
wear and tear, the false ceiling, the electrical wiring, the floor and the drainage
needs extensive repairs to put it on a par with International Quality Standards.
2. Ice Plants
Existing Ice Plant within the harbor, was renovated by the Donor agency and
upgraded to a capacity of 10 Mt. This iceplant is now managed and operated by
Pazhayar mechanized fishing boat owners association. To meet additional demand
for ice, the fishermen procure ice from the private plants outside the harbour.
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3. Basic amenities.
Amenities like desalination plant (put up by the same Donor agency) till date is not in
usable condition, , guide Light, Toilet Block, Overhead tank etc. are also available in
this harbour.
4. Government of Tamilnadu has constructed a new Administrative office within the
premises
5. Governments of Tamilnadu have also constructed dwelling units in the vicinity of
the harbor for providing proper accommodation to the local fishermen.
6. The Pazhyar Fishing Harbor has sea opening for boat navigation from the north,
north-east direction.
7. The Harbor has a Diesel Bunk as well, which provide diesel to the fishermen at
subsidized rates.
The existing Fishing Harbour is located in forest land with Mangroves on the banks of
Buckingham Canal. Any modernization/improvement work to be takenup needs the
concurrence of the Forest Department. The Client has been advised to seek the
clearance form the forest authorities for the modernization/reconstruction purpose
under the ETRP.
SMEC International Limited has been awarded the consultancy by the Dept. of Fisheries,
Govt. of TamilNadu, Chennai for preparing the requisite detailed project report in this
regard. Apart from reconstruction work on the Tsunami damaged existing structures,
keeping the increase in fishcatch due to multi day multi gear fishing, the following land
and water side structures are proposed as a part of modernization work of this project
(Figure 2, 2a).
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2.4 Proposed Waterside Structures/Activities :
1. Diaphragm wall : 586 m
2. Training wall (Groin) : 350 m
3. Dredging (- 3.0 to -4.0 m CD ; Quantity of sediment 4,72,391 m3)
2.5 Proposed Shoreside Structures/Facilities:
1. Auction Hall
2. Net mending Shed
3. Gear room
4. UG Sump Fresh Water
5. UG Sump Saline Water
6. Gen Set Room
7. Security Cabin
8. Toilets
9. Solar Light
10. Drainage Network
11. Solid Waste Management / Organic waste converter
12. Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
13. Improving Roads as well as construction of new road
14. Improving/Repair of the existing Metro Auction Hall
15. Compound Wall
16. Parking area
17. There are no cold storage facilities in the proposed fishing harbour
Tolal Proposed Build- up Area
3860.06 Sq.m
Total Existing Build- up Area
1474.00 Sq.m
Total Land Area
Balance Land Area
10.24 Acres
41459.70 Sq.m
8.93 Acres
36125.64 Sq.m
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S.NO.
LOCATION
AREA (SQ.M)
VOLUME (M3)
DREDGING
1
LOCATION 1
19,100.70
73,377.00
2
LOCATION 2
102,598.78
254,840.58
3
LOCATION 3
101,049.10
83,702.96
4
LOCATION 4
27,932.20
60,470.85
250,680.78
472,391.38
TOTAL
DUMPING
1
LOCATION 1
120,725.71
271,632.85
2
LOCATION 2
93,174.63
209,642.92
TOTAL
213,900.34
481,275.77
2.6 DETAILS OF PROPOSED HARBOUR ELEMENTS
Fish Auction Hall
The present Auction hall was constructed by a Donor Agency as part of Tsunami
Rehabilitation measure. The present condition of the hall requires modification in order
to improve the quality of the floor as well as ensure proper sloping for free flow of
waste/washed water to drain. Moreover, the existing false ceiling and the central drain
within the auction hall requires to be refurbished with a slope of 1:30. The project
proposals therefore suggests the relaying of the auction hall floor with semi polished
granite slab and the false ceiling re-laid with marine quality plywood supported by
aluminum beadings. The project proposal also suggests repairing the damaged electrical
wirings, flooring, windows, drainage, ceiling and pavement in the auction hall.
Sheltered loading and unloading facility near the auction hall is also provided to ensure
that the quality of the product is protected.
In respect of Pazhayar FH annual fish landing is around 9,500 T comprising landings from
380 mechanized fishing boats and 150 FRP crafts. The landing per day is 50 Tonnes on
an average. The auction hall can accommodate 30 auctioneers at a time. There will be
adequate space for handling the fish within the auction hall premises.
In addition to the existing auction hall a new additional auction hall (20 x 8m) is
proposed in order to minimize the overcrowding in the existing auction hall. Raised
platforms of size 9 x 5 m with one meter height is proved in the auction hall to facilitate
easy auctioning.
Repairs to the existing Cold Storage
The Donor Agency also erected a cold storage facility within the auction hall. Due to its
smaller capacity, it has not been used by the fishermen ever since its completion. Now
that another cold store has comeup under the NATP, this cold storage can be put into
use by the fisherman. The present project therefore provides for refurbishing the floor
of the existing cold storage as part of the project proposals.
Net Mending Shed
There is no provision for net mending in the existing FH, as on date. So a new net
mending shed (20x10m) is proposed along with platform area (20 x 20 m) on both sides.
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Fishing Gear Locker Shed
The traditional fishermen do not have adequate facility to store the net in their fishing
crafts. They usually carry on their shoulders for storing them on houses. In ordered to
facilitate to storing of nets and gears within the fishing harbor a Gear locker shed
(15.5x6m) is provided.
Internal Roads
Within the fishing harbor complex, improvement of internal roads is proposed. The
internal roads, besides providing road connectivity with areas reserved for various
utilities; also demarcate the limit of utility areas. This is in line with the international
guidelines in maintaining hygiene standards for the product handled within the fishing
harbor premises. The road widths shown in the harbor layout include pedestrian and
vehicular traffic lanes cum service lanes such as sewerage, drainage, fresh water supply,
lighting etc.
Drainage and Sewage
Sewage, drainage and solid waste from fish auction hall loading area, packing halls,
processing plants etc., of the fishing harbor complex are to be properly disinfected and
treated for contaminants. Provisions are made in the form of roadside bins, soak pits
and sewage treatment plants. The water drains with appropriate slopes on either side of
the road are to be kept closed with pre-cast slabs for maintenance and safety of
pedestrian traffic. The drain consists of storm water drains, which slope towards the
land side, and end in percolation pits, which recharge the ground water. The drains are
designed taking in to account maximum rainfall during the past 5years. The sewage
generated is collected and let into the STP (STP of 50 KLD is proposed in this Project).
Power and Lighting
Night fish landings are very common in this harbor and hence provision of appropriate
power supply and lighting is absolutely necessary for the safety of people. In most of
these harbors for common lighting either high mast electrical lighting or ordinary tube
lights have been provided. The fisherman associations which are responsible for their
maintenance are unable to pay the electricity cost and hence avoid using these lights.
Hence, it is proposed to install solar powered lights in all vital areas like wharf, auction
hall and internal roads. In order to maintain uninterrupted power supply, genstes of
appropriate capacity are also suggested to be installed to back the essential supply
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activities. Underground cable laying is also recommended for the entire harbor
premises.
Water Supply
Potable / fresh water supply is a prerequisite for any fishing harbor to meet the
freshwater requirements of fishing vessels to carry onboard for sea trips for
manufacture of ice, industrial and domestic wastes. For washing fish, sea water could be
used and hence it is proposed that two separate lines, one for fresh water and another
for sea water are proposed. Augmentation of fresh water supply is also suggested in
Pazhayar FH by increasing the distribution points. Existing water supply arrangement is
from the nearby village called Dhargas, located just 2.5 kms away from Pazhayar FH.
This FH can also avail additional fresh water supply form Kollidam water supply system.
The desalination plant installed by a voluntary organisation as part of post Tsunami
assistance has not been commissioned owing to technical snag. The project report
includes estimate for commissioning it.
As the borewell is not a permissible activity within the CRZ zone 1, to meet the demand
of non-potable water supply, the present project provides for erecting a borewell away
from the CRZ 1 Zone.
Toilets
In order to maintain a high sanitation level, open defecation within the harbor premises
are to be avoided. Moreover, fishermen are to be educated in using the toilets within
the harbor and also the need for their proper upkeep. Separate toilet blocks for fisher
men and women are proposed for each of these harbors.
Security Room
Entry and exit in a fishing harbor need be regulated and monitored constantly. This not
only ensures safety but also regular collection of entry and toll fees which would ensure
the financial health of the harbor management. It is, therefore, recommended that a
security room at the entrance of the fishery harbor with appropriate communication
aids esspecially telephone and wireless handsets.
Supply of Fuel
Already there is an existing Fuel bunk in the Wharf area. Also dispensing unit is provided
through underground pipelines.
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Landing Quay
The landing quay in a FH plays a pivotal role as the precious commodity namely fish, is
landed. It is sine qua non that the landing quay is necessarily to be maintained in a
hygienic condition comparable with any International Standards. Therefore, the DPR
includes estimates for laying ‘anti skid Ceramic’ tiles for easy maintenance. High
pressure jet pump with connected hose is also provided near this quay for quick
washing of the landing platform. The cost estimates include these provisions in the DPR.
These are provided with adequate slope as the waste/washed water can drain into the
drainage system.
Berthing Quay
A berthing quay of 398m with a top level of 2.25m is provided to accommodate
mechanized fishing boats that operate from Nagapattinam fishing harbor.
Outfitting Quay
To enable the mechanized fishing boats (that sail for fishing), to load fuel, food, water,
and other essentials, an outfitting quay of 30m length is also provided.
Repair Quay
The mechanized fishing boats that are to be serviced or repaired, need adequate place
for berthing their boats. A repair quay of 48m is also provided in the DPR.
The Fishing Harbour (FH) after its proposed modernization would be able to handle both
the trawlers as well as tuna longliners.
Dredging
Dredging work in the FH at Pazhayar is to be carried out to maintain the levels as (-) 3.0
m near the existing wharf & near the diaphragm wall on the Buckingham Canal ; and (-)4
m in the Coleroon river. The total Quantity of dredged sediment is about 4,72,391 m3
and the dredged materials will be disposed in the selected dumping site near the
harbour area as shown in the Figure 2a. The dumping area site is a lowlying barren area
located away from human habitation. An embankment bund is to be laid around the site
earmarked for dumping. The equipment to be employed to carryout dredging is one
Cutter Suction Dredger having a capacity of dredging 250 m3/hour and the fuel for the
dredger is diesel. The dredging / dumping area and volume are detailed below:
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Zone
Dredging
Area m2
19101
102598
101049
27932
250680
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Total
Dumping
Volume m3
60471
83703
254840
73377
472391
Area m2
120726
93174
213900
The Govt. supported programme for conversion of existing vessels into Tuna Fishing is
just taking the roots. Moreover, some of the fishermen of this FH were trained in Tuna
Fishing in Vietnam. These measures actively support the morale of the fishermen to go
for diversified fishing. The technology is a new one and that without external financial
support the fishermen may not be able to go for massive conversion of fishing vessels
for Tuna fishing. After deliberations with the stakeholders, it is estimated that atleast
25% of the existing vessels would be converted into Tuna Longliners. Further, this will
bring about a demonstrative effect and eventually in the near future 50% of the fishing
vessels would be Tuna Longliners. Hence, while preparing the project report, for the
Modernisation of this harbour, this aspect has been taken up and dredging for -4.0 m
has been recommended. Tuna fishing is already in vogue in Nagapattinam District.
The above proposed harbour elements are to be constructed at a cost of Rs 26.58
Crores, in four packages as mentioned below:
Table 2. Project Cost estimate
Package
Package - I
Package - II
Package - III
Package - IV
Assignment
Construction of Groins & Providing Approach
Road
Dredging the Basin Approach Channel & Lead
Channel
Construction of Diaphragm Wall
Construction of Structures for Landside
Facilities
Total
Amount
(Lakhs)
452.69
783.52
1,028.58
394.12
2,658.91
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2.7 Technical Justification for the project:
A survey of the fish marketing and physical flow of fish indicates that about 50% of the
fish transported is consumed within the distance of 40 kms, and 45% within 200 kms
and the remaining 5% beyond 200 kms from the coastline. In general, 87.5% of the fish
catch is consumed within the state and remaining quantity move out for interstate
trade. In the post Tsunami scenario, any attempt to modernization of fishing harbours
implies concentration of the planners and administrators in ensuring the quality of the
product, namely the fish right from catch to the consumers table. As per the estimate
the current rate of wastage due to inadequate infrastructure facilities both onboard and
on the shore is around 40 % and if this wastage is brought down there will be
appreciable quantity of quality fish that can be made available to the consumers.
Numerical model studies has been carried out for the Pazhayar Fishing Harbour to
better understand local coastal processes, nearshore wave climate and wavedriven
sediment transport. The results of the model study shows that longshore drift is
occurring along the coastline in a net northerly direction, at a rate of around 50,000
m3/year. This longshore drift is providing a consistent supply of sediment to the mouth
of the Coleroon River, and tidal currents are causing this sediment to move into the
fishing harbour in the form of a flood-tide delta. To mitigate the sedimentation
accretion at Pazhayar FH, based on the model studies an entrance groin is proposed at
the southern end of the Coleroon River entrance. This would keep the river mouth open
(by maintaining sufficient velocity through the channel entrance to keep the entrance
open). Proposed measures such as the extension of the wharf and dredging near the
quay wall would be expected to have only minimal impact on the hydrodynamics of the
estuary. This is because the hydrodynamics of the estuary are dominated by sediment
transport processes driven by the wave climate and tidal currents at the entrance of the
Coleroon River.
Keeping in view of controlling and bringing down the percentage of spoilage of fish that
are landed, now as part of modernization of Pazhayar FH, it is proposed to provide the
above proposed shore side infrastructure facilities. Pazhayar FH has a greater potential
to become a FH in the event of multiday multi gear fishery becomes a reality. Moreover,
Pazhayar FH can be converted into a nodal FH to connect the north and south in terms
of handling marketing of huge volume of fresh fishes. Also it’s a shallow harbour
without adequate draft for berthing, so to facilitate easy boat movement inside the FH
and provide adequate berthing facilities for the fishing boats, the above said water side
structures and dredging are proposed.
The present condition of the Existing Fishing Harbour is depicted in the below given
photographs taken on May 2009 at Pazhayar FH.
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PAZHAYAR FISHING HARBOUR
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2. Chapter 1 EIA_Pazhayar - Fisheries

Transcription

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