HDRK-Man: A Whole Body Voxel Model Based on High

Transcription

HDRK-Man: A Whole Body Voxel Model Based
on High-resolution Color Slice Images of a
Korean Adult Male Cadaver
C. H. Kim1, S. H. Cho1, J. H. Jeong1, C. Lee2, M. S. Chng3
1Hanyang
2University
3Ajou
University, Korea
of Florida, Gainesville
University School of Medicine
CMPWG-II, Gainesville, Florida
September 30 – October 4, 2007
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Z
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OT Sait
n
Z
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UF Nipp
Ha
Slab
(1955)
Cylinder
(1968)
ICRU sphere
Simplified
model
Golem, Laura
(2001)
MIRD5
(1969)
Stylized model
(since 1967)
Voxel model
(since 1984)
Voxel Models
Model
Images
BABY
CT
CHILD
CT
Zubal Phantom
CT
NORMAN
MRI
ADELAIDE
CT
VIP-man
Photo
Golem
CT
Otoko
UF newborn
UF 2 month
Visible-human
Frank
Donna
Helga
Irene
KORMAN
MAX
FAX
TARO
HANAKO
Pregnant woman
NAOMI
UF 9-month
UF 4-year
UF 8-year
UF 11-year
UF 14-year
KTMAN-1
KTMAN-2
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
MRI
CT
MRI
MRI
CT
MRI
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
MRI
CT
Subject
Cadaver
Leukemia
patient
Diffuse
melanoma
N/A
Patient
Cadaver
Leukemia
patient
N/A
Cadaver
Cadaver
Cadaver
Patient
Patient
Patient
Patient
Volunteer
N/A
Volunteer
Volunteer
Volunteer
Patient
Volunteer
Patient
Patient
Patient
Patient
Patient
Volunteer
Volunteer
Race
Age and gender
Caucasian
8-week-old female
Voxel size
(mm3)
2.90
Caucasian
7-year-old female
19.00
Caucasian
Adult male
46.70
Caucasian
Adult male
8.10
Caucasian
14-year-old female
64.00
Caucasian
38-year-old male (VHP)
0.10
Caucasian
38-year-old male
34.60
Japanese
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Korean
Caucasian
Caucasian
Japanese
Japanese
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Korean
Korean
Adult male
6-day-old female
6-month-old male
38-year-old male (VHP)
48-year-old male
40-year-old female
26-year-old female
32-year-old female
30-year-old male
Adult male
37-year-old female
22-year-old male
22-year-old female
30-week-pregnant female
23-year-old female
9-month-old male
4-year-old female
8-year-old female
11-year-old male
14-year-old male
25-year-old male
35-year-old male
9.60
0.30
0.30
4.30
2.80
35.16
9.60
17.58
40.00
46.70
46.70
8.00
8.00
6.20
7.82
0.55
1.01
2.02
1.33
2.34
20.00
20.00
Comment
Head and torso
Torso
Head to knees
Head and torso
Head to mid thigh
Modified Zubal Phantom
62Y female legs
Lower torso
Head
Head
Head
Head
Head
and
and
and
and
and
torso
torso
torso
torso
torso
Limitation of CT/MR
Difficult to delineate some organs
If the organs have similar properties or in continuous movement
Examples - ovaries, pancreas, oesophagus, adrenals, thymus,
small intestine, heart, etc.
CT Image
MR Image
VIP-Man
Overview
Xu et al (2000)
Based on color photographic transverse
slice images of 38-year-old male
The most complete body description
¾ Voxel resolution:
0.33 mm x 0.33 mm x 1 mm
Limitations
Very large (186 cm, 103 kg)
Cannot be used to represent the Korean
workers (171 cm, 68 kg)
Objective/Serially Sectioned Images
Visible Human
Project
Visible Korean
Project
Chinese Visible
Project
Visible Korean Project (VKH)
33-years-old, Korean male, 164 cm, 55 kg
MR
(1mm x 1mm x1mm)
CT
(1mm x 1mm x 1mm)
Photographic Image
(0.2mm x 0.2mm x0.2mm)
Steps to Construct Model
Segmentation
Adjustment
Reconstruction
171 cm, 68 kg
Segmentation
Vertical Resolution
Slice images selected every 2 mm interval – 850 images out of
8,590 images
Automatic Segmentation
Organs and tissues clearly distinguish by color (e.g., eye balls,
lenses, RBM, muscle)
Photoshop 7.0 Action, IDL 5.6
Manual Segmentation
Organs and tissues that could not be segmented automatically
(e.g., prostate, pancreas, adrenals, oesophagus, …)
Screen digitizer (CINTIQ 15X) + Magnetic Lasso tool (Photoshop
7.0)
Lens
Photoshop 7.0
IDL 5.6
RBM
RBM
Liver
Lung
Brain
Stomach
Intestines
Spleen
Kidneys
Thyroid
Bladder
Gonads
Heart Wall
Oral Mucosa
Breast - Defined
Reconstructed Model
164 cm, 57.6 kg (↑)
Adjustment - Height
164 cm
171 cm
(2 mm)
(2.0854 mm)
Adjustment - Bone Mass
8.6 kg
9.6 kg
(1.875 mm x 1.875 mm)
(1.981 mm x 1.981 mm)
Adjustment - Organs and Tissues
Reference
Individual organs adjusted to the Reference Korean data
Reference Asian data used for prostate, (urinary) bladder,
adrenals, colon, small intestine
Larger Organs
Adjusted by erosion (Inner Grow, Photoshop 7.0)
Eroded region filled with adipose tissue
Smaller Organs
Adjusted by dilation (Outer Grow, Photoshop 7.0)
Adjustment - Liver
Lung
Kidneys
Spleen - Problem!
Stomach
Intestines
Bladder
Thyroid
Thymus
Adrenals
Weight Tuning
67.8 kg
¾ 0.2 kg added
Final weight: 68 kg
HDRK-Man
171 cm, 68 kg
Voxel resolution:
1.981 x 1.981 x 2.0854 mm3
Voxel array: 247 x 141 x 850
(29,602,950개)
¾X : 489.307 mm
¾Y : 279.321 mm
¾Z : 1772.59 mm
30 organs segmented
HDRK-Man (Continued)
•a The Reference Asian data were used for the organs and tissues for which the Reference Korean data are not available.
HDRK-Man Organ Masses
HDRK-Man in MCNPX
Monte Carlo Dose Calculations
Calculated Values
Dose conversion coefficients (organ-averaged absorbed doses
per unit air kerma free-in-air, DT/Ka)
Compared with the reported values from other models (KTMAN-2,
Rex, VIP-Man)
Considered Geometries
Antero-posterior (AP), postero-anterior (PA), left-lateral (LLAT),
right-lateral (RLAT)
0.015, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.08, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 2, 8, 10 MeV (12
photon energies)
Dose Scoring
F6 tally (MeV/g) assuming CPE
Statistical error <5 % (except for 0.015 MeV)
Percent Dose Deviation
Definition
It shows how much the dose conversion coefficient calculated by
the voxel model M deviates from the value which calculated by
HDRK-Man.
¾ + value: DM > DHDRK-Man
¾ - value: DM < DHDRK-Man
Organ Dose Comparison
TOTAL
140
No. of cases
120
100
80
60
δ
δ
δ
= -6.84%
Rex = -10.64%
VIP-Man = -16.57%
KTMAN-2
Rex
VIP-Man
KTMAN-2
40
20
0
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Percent dose deviation (δ )
Considered: 4 irradiation geometries, 11 photon energies (0.03 - 10 MeV), 11 major organs , total 484 cases
Organ Dose Comparison (Continued)
60
AP
PA
40
δ
δ
δ
= -1.74%
Rex = -4.99%
VIP-Man = -7.90%
KTMAN-2
Rex
VIP-Man
KTMAN-2
20
No. of cases
No. of cases
60
0
40
δ
δ
δ
= -4.72%
= -9.44%
VIP-Man = -17.77%
Rex
20
0
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
-60%
-40%
-20%
20%
40%
60%
60
LLAT
RLAT
40
δ
δ
δ
= -1.13%
= -11.19%
VIP-Man = -21.63%
KTMAN-2
Rex
VIP-Man
KTMAN-2
Rex
No. of cases
No. of cases
0%
60
20
KTMAN-2
Rex
VIP-Man
KTMAN-2
40
20
δ
δ
δ
= -19.78%
= -16.94%
VIP-Man = -18.97%
KTMAN-2
Rex
VIP-Man
KTMAN-2
Rex
0
0
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Summary
HDRK-Man
Using high-resolution color photographic slice images
Body height, weight, skeleton mass, organ dimensions adjusted to
the Reference Korean data
HDRK-Man adequately represents the average Korean workers
Medical Applications
More precise model is needed
Unadjusted model can be used instead
Higher voxel resolution
Voxel resolution can be increased by factor of 10 for any part of
the model
Example
¾ Eye: 0.1981 mm x 0.1981 mm x 0.20854 mm
¾ Remainder: 1.981 mm x 1.981 mm x 2.0854 mm
Thank you …

HDRK-Man: A Whole Body Voxel Model Based on High

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