UNIVERSIT E DE GEN EVE FACULT E DES SCIENCES D
Transcription
UNIVERSIT E DE GEN EVE FACULT E DES SCIENCES D
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B_ ) #t , f , G[ #X#:8fA# G[[7#!=Q!$ &)( =A 8:# 0 , ` =8; , 1# G[1?>D^A d #=S S_ 9 + KV C=#w?[] , ,10 ?S 0 ) , # ` #=S w-(= 28 ` ;m` , G , = [jl#!m , <2 ^ ^=`K*_ [ '*_ [ 8 ` 7 ` 7V kl(=+#!i , A(j1 0C0 , X #t 0 =9= S Pn&)(= , # ` V _+, L?D1V kl< # F 8 ,10 = , #=l#XG#[S( , #++)(>D^4A# 0 ?( 8<(= , L!$#(=C#[u F:8 ,10 = , #[=qA#XG[#1(: , #= `p , 8:(A qFX( 0 D^-#!m# 0 ?(: , #[=l2&)( , 8i!$#hU T T [WDXY>!z[]#[-#!e#8: T t_ 9 + V kl2@I #=S -I??= , 8%#C ,10 ` =8% 0 Y ;#!2P #t , -# 0 ?(: 8i!$#l [ B_ . ]_ . D1#XR , ,S0 V%kl=; [ , F &)(=) , < 8 , )# _ 9D==8 `x , ;#)@ LDX o: 0", , , \# 0 g#!wN #=SF 9I2L? , o: !$#[a 799 ,S0 7#!n="k %1 8D3 @ %X2] , #[& 7:V ) V ` 6A= V 3 !$2 (= , 7\# 8!$#g [? #=t , r=g9 , L%D==84 h=9 9 R) 6D=8KVekl , 0 =e p=l )\[ . b + ?#) , D=S-(=Q!$2 (2e!$#p ) 7 . 8) 7 .h,10 [ ` #! , B U HU D U U B B -U W W QU D b . T 5 PM1 < , G ,10 0 9=G" 0 #[@ ` 9 [) 3 , '?] , Q , F8:#X I#F , 26]V ; , \#[ 0 g#!w 0 #=S h#(?(:hIj@#;@# 8 ` , G , " 0 (g#!F1#D^o)(U=A , \ , n#!x= ,S0 [V Po: 0 ?S2!$#[qI ?#[=@2n#! =ID#[ #t 7(=@ ` #! ,S0 , ?C , (= ` V +` iD^I , C , [( ` V ^ Vgkl ,10 2# C ?#[=@2 , r!$#(=g8 , 2] , #[==8r gC8 ,E [I 1 Vk# 0 [ 7U[]( @(=](2lG , , D=S ` ,10 2-I# 0 , < 8 , F =8KV P , (= ` V + Po: 0 ?S ,10 7#"8 0 #=@ 7F ?#[=g#!m"Ah#!ID^# #=S V C ! N , , ! !#') , 3# , #[9=h# #iDQ9AoX 0 S ,S0 ?^#)h!z[]#-!$#[ ,10 U 4=8 , 1# ?=# \ ]# , )[IAoX , )# Y XV Pn?2 , 1S L@ 0 P ) , hI#iD^QA# G[ 8 ` AoX , h#!u ; 2A2V 3 8: 0 #\ , #4G , #[ , hG , jD1I#4= D VM:r#UD^#(:h , )[ , ##!eo) =84>?= ,10", =; G 1(= , #[Y#!F2@(=t-D^F28 , ` + V @ A B D > ! L IK ')$ , 3t#([Iw? @!$#[ 0 =Ap#[D: , 28IDXg(= , 8 ,E )x!$ ([#[(?= I#e21SgDqA# 0 ? 8 3 , =A7i 0 [q#"D^FA# 0 ?1 0 ["#C [i#]6 ` C#q?^!$# 0 =7# 0 ?= , @#[%(= , = #[S#=F!$ (U#(=?4g" ,S0 , h , G[ V 5 fkeD=S ` V _ =8WC , [( ` V _ 9 , 7 9D^Q@ 4= 7G !$2 (=F[#[(?YS#[I , G -S [8:; #D1g (S VklU8: , j-#!e , - GS( , #?#:A 8(F=8 #[Y 0 [@( q(= 84DF [8 , 4 ?:= 7:V 3g-#?^ 8 ` =U? @!$#[ 0 =A , -D2\ rSKF!$2 (=F[#[(?=-I(= 8K V LQ 9j#"I= #["7j , G[1Q8 , ;(S ,S0 [h8 D=[@I3zk %1 ) 79G9[6 ` h#1#p , \#[ 0 ? @!$#[ 0 mD^ @D C , =1F#(?= ` ?^ , 11Y -UD^ , , i#!e \ Vqkl=UG 1( - , ;3 ) 9[6l# q g1# ID^#m , \#[ 0 =p7@(=? , , 1F#X#:8>? @!$#[ 0 AI3 -, C ;3 ) 9[6 0 [@(= ` -D^ @6AVmkl= GS( , #%?^ 8 , n#ln8 !, )n!$#[ [ , -!$2 (=Al , , !$#g , 1h#(=?= , i D^C8(U#%=U!zAg= 71[U ?#[=@>@h= 8r#YDQ= 0", 8rG , +=84X(= ` #[ ;7?j:- ,S0 ?^#[h#1V A A]=$] 4lk sp]]Jk: ilq @= ok65 7= q 7 )5_q 4+5 lp 49< 824 i2_k !"$#$%A4,kJi_k]$!$#$% 4,kRiA 12 b [ C , ( ` V ^ 21-2@?^#= #!WAp#!HID^#H#=te(=@28 , !$#[-D@ hG , , D , , \:6AV PO 2436587:9<;=3 3 07 > <3 @ Y A -!$#[ C , ( ` V + 3$=# 0 , <28 ,S0 [ , N 3?> kl , [) , r#!!$ ( i3 #[8=6UD= 8#[ , C!$ &)( = , QD# , + ,10 [L3z8#X( 0 )6 =8 , F ) , FA#[S1 A , # , -# 0"0 #?[] , , YAoXhA , G + 7 `))+ Vmk #CD= , 7? , = , ?1 q!$# , ) , C!$ ( - C2 (=2= Q>!$ &)() , ' ,10 ;8:2 , D^> , ,S0 [ S ` , , 0 [@( 8fDX9 0 !$ &)( =A eV C2 (=2- 7I!$ &)( ) , 9CA#[S1 A , #r8:#%=#78 , @ , ( , ,10 2 S!$# 0 9# ` eV , , 0 [@( 8iDX%=UA#11 ] , #[i!$ &)( =A / 8i#Y2@ 1 F X# ;!zA , AoX-A , G ` @ G!$ ( , [) , [ 7#=@(=] 8KV D B s, !X $ '9 " " '9,$#%'&(*) X%' !#'), 5 9#[(#=@G , #[ ` !$#[ [!$ (QHKJQ#!p+ !$2 (2 , 9=Q&)(*"#) , , ;QA7#! &)( ,S0 [ Q5 ` U , \#! ,S0 [ h#) , , "= !$ (QI , G 84=8988 8#%U?^#X##! =8 , 8 ,S0 [ VKC=#l#[ F) , @#[ 0 !$2 (2 ` @@ , -, ,.-IM 9 ` =IA#[/,0-F#!x [ ,10 T , -(?W8 8Y!$#-2Y!$ (F#8 , Q#( , -214365 M7, -98;:=<)3 *> J -J 1# _ J 3 ` V bX6 W b + :r ( T 5 PM1 < # / 1#:R: ID^#R; , \ ID^# / 1#:R: 3h1K!$ ( _ b=V 7 _ b=V 7 _ b=V 7 _ b=V 7 _ V .G) V ) V ) 7CV ) V 79CV ) V .^ V ` + V [:_ [ ` V9 ) _ 9 ) V9 ) _ 7 ` V9 ) 9V )G[. 7 9V )G[+ b 9V ) 9 ` + 9V )+ ` + 7 ` . V [+ 7b ` V ^ ` b .\) V ` [ [ ` 9=V 7 . 9V ) 9 _ ` 9V ):_ b 7 9V )+. 7 9V _]+=_]+ ;3 ) 9)6 9V __ [+ 9V _ b _ [ 9=V 9 ^ 7 ) ` 9V _]. b ` ;3 79)6 9V 9 .G+. 9V 9 [. [ 9V 9G7 _ 9 9V 9 + ` + ;3 6 9V ))_ b 9V ) ` b ^ 9V _]^+=_ 9V ).G. 7 "3 _ 99)6 9V ` .G^_ 9V ` ^. 9 9V ` 9 +G+ 9V b [G[ b keD1 ` V _ " G G , #!x=F2@(Sq!$#[qU8 ,E )l!$ ( 7[#[(?=q#! YY3 -, #[(:-!$28:D=R6n!$# Uk% 1 ) 799C8DV 4 Y ) . T P 3 ;3\R 76@6 " . , # ; , \ _ b=V 7 ) V ) b;V bbV .G^ 9V ) ` . [ 7 ^+ V 7 ^ 9V ) ` . ` 9V B_ )G[ ` 9=V 9 [ 9V ) ` _*) 9V ` +G). . 4 0@ 1 1 Color histogram Color Blocks Gabor histogram Gabor blocks All features 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Recall 0 0.8 1 0 0.2 9( 0.4 0.6 Recall %'&! %S , ( ` V _ C Color histogram Color Blocks Gabor histogram Gabor blocks All features 0.9 Precision Precision A &%' 0.8 1 N !) %S \ !$#l=I!$#(l!$2 (=F[#[(?=q(= 8 , = @ A Y A C@:@ 0 V J , ml!$ &)( =A>#!^h!$ ( , >h [ , -8 D=[@-=8 J , !Wl 0 !$ &)( =A>#!K !$2 (= , Y , qF&)("#q= ,10 [V 5 , #[@i# , Q= -8 ,10 = , #[= , \;28:(=] , #[i 0 (=9 , = , ?= 4 # 0 ?^# )3=1: , U3 4 3 ` ) 9b `)_ 9 u6q4=GIU A#!m ,10C, = , ;= r8 ,10 = , #[= , s , !z[]iD^fG[<(=A!$(!$#A , =<@?^ , #f&[(=V C#[% , \# 0 !$2 (=2 ` U# , l(?W8 84[A#[8 , ># ,.-C7M ,0- 3 , 3 ' > J6 0", x3 ' > J ' -J6X1# J ' P 3 ` V 7[6 , , - , )28iG , )-#!U@=88Y , @#[ 0 , ) ] , #[ V 'D B W s L =('9, F " $G " " R ! X%' !#'), W $ 5 ).\) wG[#!l2@i!$2&[(==FXD= 8L!$2 (= , [[ iA# 0 ? 8'#f#?: ,S0", <Y:\ 0 ?^!$# 0 =Vpkl , ) , >!$(=] , #[= 7[Y!$# 0 ))+ V ' , ) G[ @ , [ 8YQ?=? , , #4#! , ) , "!$(] , #g# 0"0 #1i(= 8 , 4oX , G K#; 4/5 1 8:# 0 , xVwkl , ) , "!$(] , #h48?^=89(=?#[Y L=8 r#!F!$ ( ` 1x , U\)?^r3$D=S#:R '#F , \#[ 0 6AV 'iA#[= , 8: U9&[(=L*4A#[[ , , W ,10 [ UO -, 1G =A2 %"!$#&%(' L _ _ Vhkl=F!$2&)(=4#!m!$ () , rC?=(=8:# F ,10 QO #2@?^#8 , ="#;C&)( * , > JM _ -*,.+ P / 1J 0 %"!$#&% R 3 ` V. 6 kl , ) , U!$(==] , #[=l8:_ #== 8 , Pw&)(= , #[= ` V ^ F ` V _ ` g8: , G28"!$# 0 \)? , ^o)lA , G 0 , ) , !$(=A , #= )G)+ V %X# 0 0 #:8 , # , # "2A2r , =" ,10 [>!$2 (2F(= 8 D B B CB EW D B D D b ^ #q :pD 8 , ;g 0 " #8 , i8:#:( 0 ) ` =8;2@?^ , S1CD2(@ Gl # 8 E, )h#(?w#!!$2 (2 ` , @#[ 0 8iD1#:R;!$ ( V 3S , ) , >!$(=A , #= 0 I(=F#!m>D , ) > J !$#[-D1#XR%!$ ( 3 ` V[ 6 hM 63 > J 6 0 0", > J -J !$#[- , \# 0 !$2 (2 R 3 kli A#[=8[@ , Q4 , < 8L , \#[ 0 , )@2] , #xV 6ck #98 ,E [>S#[[ , 0", Q!z[]#U (= 8 ` , 8: ? =84(?^# P P ! P JM 1_ #3 6 D S, #:@R #[ 0 ! JhM 1_ #3 L _ 3 6 D 1, #:@R # [ 0 R 3 ` V+ 6 W , -[88: 8Y#"G[# , 8%# G[ =# Vekl , ) , >!$(=] , #[= , XG @ , [28Y : D2\ , ) 8Y?#[D=D , , @ , P M 10 9=R 7 3 9 R o 7 J - J -J ? 0 J 0 ! 1[ , , 8X+! M 1 0[3 P J 6 D , =; 0 , 8:?^=8= M M 0 ! J 0 ! -J 0 > J =D S#:R @=88%@!+ Y M 0 _ , @#[ 0 - A#X#[8 , = , #i1G[ e M C=#- [ ,10 [ T ` (= , , ) , 0 A=#X8 ` "#/ ,- > , - jA(j 8 3 ` V^ 6 3 ` V _ 9)6 3 ` V __ 6 3 ` V B_ ) 6 3` V_ ` 6 ! , - >hM - J - > J R 3 ` V _ bX6 kl ,10 [ l7 8Y#Y=U# w=- %#D , 28KV Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 5 low-dimensional 1 0.8 Precision 0.8 Precision Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 5 low-dimensional 1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Recall 0.6 %'&! %S 0 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 &%' 0.4 0.5 Recall 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 N !) %S \ !$#[h@ G , ) , 0 A=#X8=hG 8%# G-SK(=-8Y&)( , V , [( ` V _[_ 5 PC , ( ` V __[` =h? @!$#[ 0 =A-#!^g8 ,! ) , ) , U 0 2;D "!$#n , 1uF ,S0 [ &)( , g=89-#@g@?9#!m!$ 8D=RWV4'Qr@ F= , 4$#=\g&)( 4@? ` U (th#!pSx 0 A#:8FQG[9A1#[ ` D(: [PQ=8 #D: , L , )19D^A@F (Sg=r"#= , [) , 0 2V , =%(=;#!l!$28:D=R `e % +"= e @@I#9D^%%D^ @ ` D(:U+8#[?= ` , 0 =n= , l %#wD^(= 8 , i21 , w2&[( , 8KV 5 ;g1#=U(= ` , ngD2\ C A 79 5 PM1 T < #! 0 A#:8 ` !$#[S1# 8;DX Pg=8 !MV 3w 4[An=7D^ @l# G1= (S `X 7(= , 0 #:87%@88 , ) , !$(=A , #' , I (=@28L!$#I="!$#1S# -, G 1(= , #[=I#!w Y C:\ 0 VlklFS# 8 ,10 = , #[=@:@ 0 A# 0 ? 8 -, 42@ , ) , "!$(==] , #[= , 8:2 , D28 , )_ 9 V S/N/ @ A SD B " s I ! X%' !#'9, " " !#= R ! #* $ c 8:# , =r=Y?=S1 , < , #[+8: A , D28 , %X2] , # ` V _ V ):` #= , 8: [U# 0 YL@ ?= )& ( '!$#" GL!$ (Y[#[(?+=8+ 0 i (tV kl , CS28+#C#[1L#L G 1(= , f !$2 (=2q? S ` D=(:l1#U#>=# 0 , < , Qg!$#(q!$2 (=7#(?n?=1;=8% 0 #[ 0 , <2892@(=tVUkl" (S7>#[ 0 , <289DX4CG 1(Q= I>?@ (=8:#F ,S0 Q#!=C&)( , S! #(=18Y-C2@(=t-#!e=U&[(=Vpkl , hY1 [8%#;2@(S-D# G[ _ V 1 1 Normal Each feature group normalized Normal Each feature group normalized 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Precision Precision 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 Recall "6 C , ( ` V _B) \ !$2 (=I#(=?=V !$#h>@=88 A 0.4 @ Y A ;G , #[4=8!$# @ 0.6 Recall %S Y #$& A "(= 0.8 1 %S , Y?= SY# 0 , < 8 C , ( ` V _*) @=# Q ,S0 ?# G 0 ) , <?^!$# 0 =Ai#!(?<# ) 9 ?= S , [) , '8 ,! )!$ (L[#[(?= V kl , 4j@#@#[SG[ 8c#[f#!U'?#D1 0 i=#: A(28cD^A!$#=8KV 50 [ -, 0 )C 0 S!FXSqoX( @@ 8>#Q2??^ p#; C!$#w 0 #)\ G C&[(=Vmkl #) , i 0 (%1[w)( 0 D^q#! !$2 (=2w=8;)( , 0 ( 0 # , [1C=w;=[8"!$ ( , 9A# 0"0 # -, U&)( ,S0 [[3 6AV kl2@; (S>D^%Ao:?j , 28D)L=;!zAU=>?="# 0 , <2 , #['D^A U 2 , )#r #()-=FGi8 E, )X( 0 D^-#!!$2 (2 , YF!$#[(l!$ (F#(?VklU#1#- , @#[ 0 = 0 o ,10 ( 0 #! ]_ .G. G S(2-=8Y ID^#- , @#[ 0 0 o ,10 ( 0 #! _ 9 + G 1(2 ` = wUX( 0 D^ #<! ID#[nD1#:R :;2C(?;# ` 9 [) ?^ ,10 [h=8"2 ,10 -=[ ` bG9IA#[S#[D1#XR : Vekl , 0 2= = q7D1#:R >!$2 (2 ` 8; ?2 , 1SC ID#[nD1#:R : ` q> , , # )1> , [ , [) , F2@(=t-7=#-# 0 , < 8@ ?= 1V W s " " ." I ! ' !#'), $ '+!#' W ,= , ( '+ $ ! > * ) L " !' # L ,%,!#$ 0 n#[DS 0 x8:(n#g#X# 0 (=U [ , Gp!$ 8:D=[R , QAoXe , G nS [8:7[88: @28IDX81h#X , # , _B^. 9[ ):_]+ V / [@28 # , #J ` 4 0 i2 , &[(= F#LG[# , 8?#[D1 0 -, <#X# 0 (= + [ , GY!$ 8D=R Y(= 8+!$#C= Y f:\ 0 V 5 , ` YL88C(?=Y!$2 (2C#! ?^#[ , , G[r=8 [ , G[9&[(= ,S0 ;? S+=8 cG[ Q9?^#[ , , G1<=8) , G S [88: 8?=@- A#8 , U#( T B T" Jg M . P 3 ` V _ 7[6 .P %"! 0 / J L . .P %"! 0 /J B D @ A @ A W 7 _ 2J , F , )28 !$#[F!$ ( ) 9#!li&)( ` .P"=8'. "i)( 0 D^F#!-?^#[ , , G[ =8) , G[ ,10 [ , Y&[(=r2@?^ A , G S ` - , , #=2I=% S G = F , G['D)L=%(=i3 _ !$#[h?#) , , GI#[ h=8L _ !$#h [ , GI#26 ` 8 %"! =8 8: 0", =IFj , G[ , ) , )l#!e ?^#[ , , G[C=89 [ , G># 0 ?^# [#!=C&)( [V@'>(@ M 9R . 7%=8 M 9R ` 7"D^ (=> , [ #[I#!eF # 0"0 =8 , #=w!$#[lAoXhA , G V kl , 0 =l= h G 0 X ,10 2- 0 [ 8l [ , G7!$28:D=R ` C!$2 (U 4#=S D^ # 0 99#[Q G =[ , G ` =YG ; 0 #[4 ,S0 0 J 8=# FX S G) , Q , [ =4UG I 0 #C ,10 2 0 [ 8Y S G ) Vqkl)( ` =8 #(j84j@#"=G[7# hG 1( (=4 M 9=R 7 M 9R 7:Vpkl , #[(j8Y@ i , =( =AI#!e= ,S0 [ 0 J 28%#[ F)1G ) ` D(q#[% =g# w ==8% %2 , 1" ,S0", = g[#)#:8C!$2 (=2V 3 A# 0 ?= , #;#!K7? @!$#[ 0 A#!K 1-#: , #C!$ 8:D=[R -, 4#l!$ 8:D=[R ;2 , &)( - 4DI!$#[(=8 , ? %X2] , #[ bV 7V _ V W s " " = ' !#'+ ,=*R !( ' !#'), R ! $PA2K ,2 L R# $G2 '9, ! !#') , %X#Y!z ` 1G =U!$ 8:D=[R9=7 XgD^L(= 8f#4A >Y &[(=r=8rC!$ ( #11 , ) 8(?^# , >!$2&[(== , 2 , &)( ,10 2VLkl;!zAQ= C(=@ , )A , #X#=1 , ;@# 8r!$#IG[ , )] , #[ -, Y 0 [ , U1# , #4Ao:?1# , I%@#[28r(= , )A , #<8= =V+kl , C A , ##1 , G2>L@#[@"# G G , V 5 %X2] , #[ b=V . V _` 0 #i?#!$#[(=8 ` 8: , 1 841X , q DI!$#[(=8Y hj 2q# S*_ [X_[`A*_ [ 7 `]_B+G) V klgD= , h? , , ?S2#Q1 "!$# 0 (= , )] , #[%8 U#! 0 (S , ?1uF ,10 [g&)( , nD= 8;#[ I!$#1S# -, ;( 0 ?: , #= 50 2U= % 0 [ 8+[C S G) , <9 0 &)(+\?=G@# 0 , ,S0 ?^#[ , A# 0C0 #[ V 5 !n#= ,10 , 0 J 8r# FX S G )g8r# g#[Q1G [ , f" 0 >&)( 4\?f U ,10C, j , \;#!I # ,10 2 , -=#-G ,10 ?#[@) V c # ,10 [ ; 0 [ 8C#[ F)1G ) , r 0 4&)( +@ ? `q, i #;Dr , 8 , ! , " ,10", j , \ , ,S0 ?^#)"#>#;Q <D 0 J 8+# FX S G )U!$#"A# 0 ?S S 8 , [- [@#[=V C , ( ` V _ ` 8: 0 #\ F48 , [ :F= ,S0 Q<D 0 [ 8 -, , Y 0 i&)( @ ? Vhkl 3 0 - g ,S0 [ , 0 J 28[h1G )g=8= FC=h= ,10 , 0 [ 8 [I# FX S G ) V;kl" L S , ?=@"X(= 0 7=F%#2] , #[LD^A L" # ,10 [ , F ?^#[ , , G[;A#= A , # = g"28f S , ?@2 0 r=[ , GCA#= A , #= VCkl=C=# FX S G) ` # F 1G )IA#= A , #=>3 0 J 28 -, fi8= 89?^#1X#[6h r#gD^Q(= 8r!$#g#(I1#[ , 0 D^ (= ,10 2-YD^ 0 J 8i# F)1G )l!$#h# 0 ?1A SY8 , )h [@#[=V @ B + - A D + - C , ( ` V _ ` @g, ) :# 0 J ,10 [ , f" 0 Q!$ 8:D=[R9\?L=8r=# 2@ 0 JX7 D^F(= 8Y!$#-1 , V 3g "8:#Y=# )#41 r#[L ,10 CD= , ` D(I 7#'%!$2 (CD=[ , `K "=S <Q ?^#[ , , G[F=8 [ , G[g? , q!$#[lI!$2 (=2q=- i=G[ , 9A# 0"0 #xV 7 ) T PM1 5 < , [9 , ` [ !$ (r X( 0 D^#!F?^#[ , , G[L8 ) , G 0 :"= 4sDL(= 8 # jA(j %9 ,10 ?S%!z]#I= %8:l#=;#rD;D^A 99=8 )` ), F!$#[I!$ ( =#f #[S , ;?#) , , G#= ] , #[=n=8d97!$#w#1C) , Gh#= ] , #[= V _ #(=18"D^hG 1(-!$#[p!$ ( = ln#!u , %) , G[ " , %?^#[ , , G#2] , #[=Vmkl , n1 [8p#Uh!$#[S1# -, =U ,10 ?S !$#[ 0 (1>!$#[h ,S0 ?^#A7!zA# JI!$#h>!$ ( JgM _ 3 J 3 J .^J L J . 3 J .^J 3 ` V _]. 6 , l7!$ (7X( 0 D ` J 4X( 0 D -#!?^#[ , , G 0 J Xw!$#[l!$ (1 i=8Y. J FX( 0 D^ #!e [ , G 0 : V '+3z& Pw&)(= , #[ ` V ^ 6 UA# 0 7#> , ) , ( 5 ! I 1K#(-@88%!$2 ( , ) , T P T .P J 0 0 P >J M 3 ` V *_ [ 6 % I Y Y PT T .P J %"! ! Z\ Y Y >J I Y Y -> M - ` V ]_ + 6 > > J , [x3 J 6 0C, x3 J ' -J 6 Z\ Y ZY W . R W . S. /. W R K S, S. S. /. W / / / ', '. W / !" $#&%(' KY ZY*) Y ,+.-0/213/ 1'*4 * ` 5' 6 7 Y ZY*) Y ,+8-0/91:/ 10'"4 * ` ' Y Y Y ` ;1 Y Y Y `=<3> - *" %@?A-CB6D6%E'"-81FG4 ,*HI #' 2JLKNMM O$#B?4'P#Q.1CR %!S=TT#&%1 Y VU B \ YW1CB6D #&%(' 6 Y Y ZYX-0/910BT#B6?4Y'P#Q.10R #' #BT' 6Z 1CBR LZK ,K [ \]-5#B >,^ 4=D % ! ' 6 #Q?A- '*10B > /_1 > '"- C`/a- X 1 > -0/E' / 1'*4 " %,S b %"#Q? ^ H Q34 ^ '"#? ^ H -C4 / 1'*4 * * ^ ,c 10B > > ` #' ' #%/_1 > '*- 1N% > 10BTd % ! BT#B 0eN> ` fg J C` 0 > `CM ` [K ^Gh \ %@46Qi#&%9' B > 1 ^&> 4 ^ 1' D:#B.' %"1CQ P 1 H 1C%2#B PjFG4610'"#-CB ` [K + [k\ 6 %l'*46D H D % > #d D#B K [ 7 ^ 1ND '*-;' /a- ^^ - #BR " %@4 ^ '*%!S B$' /_1 > '*- m 1C%-CB > > 1 ^&> 4 ^ 1' D$- cC, 1 ^^ ' FG4 ! # %P' 10' b!" DY-CB #' ' 6 %"1CQ D10'*1Cd61C% 10B6D;-CB > m #n' ' FG4 , # %DY-NB m #n' 10B H D1'710d61N% [ . , . A , . '. '. ,VR , / 1 B B Version with factor=1 With learnt factor of TSR database With learnt factor of all databases 1 0.8 Precision Precision D Version with factor=1 With learnt factor of TSR database With learnt factor of all databases 1 0.8 . D 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4 Recall 0.6 !# & %S 0 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 %S 0.6 Recall #$& 0.8 1 %S * ` []K b(2o \ /a- ' * %"4 ^ '*% #n' 1 ^ 1 B D/_1 > '*- SG-NB > ^ 1 B D- cN, ' FG4 , # % #' ' %*10Q D 1'710d61N% 1CB6DI-NB > - cN, 1 ^^ FG4 , # %DY-CB p #' ' % H %@' QT[ B Ck#RN4 " ` [K]b6S E > 10Bq% ! ' 1'm' ." %@4 ^ '7%m#Q? - cC %l' -NBR ^ Hr #n' ' ^ 1 B Ds/_1 > '"- [\ #&%m#% 5X ?61 '*# > 4 ^ 1 ^ H ' > 1C% Z Bs' X* %"4 ^ '*%1 * ^ 1 B DT- cC! FG4 , # % #' ' %*10Q D10'*10d=1C% Z,* ' * %"4 ^ '*%(#Q:? - cN 4?T'*-rKB7 #n' 1CB6D #n' -C4Y'/ ! DYd=1 > t[ \]- 1 cC 1 > -CQ?61 #&%@-NBuS(1v% > -CB=Dw/_1 > '*- 8 1C% > 1 ^&> 4 ^ 1' DxS !" d=1C%"# > 1 ^^ H ' # %@'8/_1 > '"- I 1N% * % > 1 ^ Dy1N% > 10Bzd % ! Bz#B PjFG4610'"#-CB ` [ ) 96[\ 6 #D 1T#%p'*-s%l'*# ^^ 1 cN 1;/_1 > '"- -0/pK/a- #Q1CR %P' 1' 1 " 1N%j-C/{' BI#B8?=-G%@#'"# cC 10B6D8B RG1'"# cC > -CB6B > '"#-CB6%!SNd64Y'b'*-3%@' * BRC' B.' 6 ?A-N%"#n'*# cN ?61 'b-0/u' /_1 > '"- [ Ck#RC4 A R PM1 < 5 T 7 ` \ B RG1'*# cN ?61 'W-C/' /_1 > '"- # %:% ^ #R ' ^ Hzb 1 B DuSk%"-s' 1':B RG1'"# cCIc 1 ^ 4 %WD-$B-C' > -NQ? ^ ' ^ H DY#&%*10?? 1 / -NQ ' > 1 ^&> 4 ^ 1'*#-NB #' B RN10'"# cC / , Dd61 > t[ 96M ) 7 3 96M [ 7 C` C` K ) `J K C`J K ` [) 9 h K 3 ` L K h 0 ` ` K \ D# ,* B > #Br% > 1 ^ #BR-0/ ' ' -3/_1 > '*- %(#%1 ^ %"-# ^^ 4=%l' 10' D;#B?Ck#RC4 * ` [KB7[ " ` [KB7# 4 -CQ?61 #&%@-NBI-0/]' - ^ 1 B D8/_1 > '*- %,[ ' -CB #BWC]#RC4 " ` [ K . [ ) `m#%P%@4d=% FN4 BG' ^ H > -NQ?61 * D8'"-' 6 # %@ C]#RC4 \ #&%% > -NB6DI/_1 > '*- With learnt factor 1 of TSR database With learnt factor 2 of TSR database With learnt factor 1 of all databases With learnt factor 2 of all databases 1 0.8 Precision 0.8 Precision With learnt factor 1 of TSR database With learnt factor 2 of TSR database With learnt factor 1 of all databases With learnt factor 2 of all databases 1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0 0.6 Recall 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Recall %S !# & %S #$& 0.8 1 %S * ` [K . 2o \ /a- ' Z* %"4 ^ '*% #' ' -:D# ,* BG'!S ^ 1 B DI/_1 > '"- %![ > 1CBz% ,E ^^ S ' 10'Z' % > -CB6D$/_1 > '"- ) `.D ^ # cC, % ,cN Bzd '@' ,X* %"4 ^ '*%p' 10Bz' # %@'Z-CB 1C% # ' ' % > 1 ^ #BR5' 6 ?=-G%@#'"# cC / 1'*4 * %ZR '31s%@' -CB6R , #B64 B > [r\ 8* %"4 ^ '*%X1 " 4? '"- 7 d '@' , ' 10B #' ' # %@'Z/_1 > '"- [d3 Q- * ? -C/a-C4B6Dz%@'"46D H -CBy' 4=% -C/b46%*10R ^ -CR # ^ % > 10Bzd /a-N4B6Dz#B % > '*#-NBdb6[ . [KC[ \ #%b% > '*#-NB.Q1 1 > -CQ?61 #&%@-NB #' ' * ^ 1' D # ^ D-C/ $Y $Y + ' 1' D 1 ^ % #n' 1.%@#Q# ^ 1 ? -Cd ^ Q5[ Ck#RC4 A =, PO 59<587 7 <3 >"-> ! 7 . R / . / / 3 \ #&%P% > '"#-CBr? * % BG'7%1.? , /a- Q1CB > > -CQ?61 #&%@-NB5-0/ ' > 4 ** BG' Y.% H %l' Q -CB5/a-C4 DY# !" BN' #Q.10R > - ^^ > '*#-NB6% #' DY# ,* BG' * ^ ,c 10B > % '*%![3 % - ':10B61 ^ H %"#% ? ^ 1C#B6%Z' ;" %@4 ^ '"#BRrQ 1N%@4 " Q BG'7%,[ 5 B 4 10?Y' , 7W' 6 ? ! /a- Q.1CB > Q 1N%@4 * %1CB6D;' ' %@'P% '"4?5/a- ' R B , 1'"#-CB;-0/ * ^ ,c 10B > / ! DYd61 > #&% ? ^ 10#B D;#B5D '*1C# ^ [ 1CB6DT' DY# > 4 ^ ' H -C/9' #Q.10R 5 ' > 10Brd % , B5' 10'P' 6W* %"4 ^ '7%D ? B6Ds%@' -CBR ^ H -CB5' 6 %"#E< > - ^^ > '"#-CB.1CB6D-0/t' 6 %@j# < -C/t' * ^ ,c 1CB > % '7% [C6- 2 1 > #Q.1CR D10'*10d=1C% EE > -G% 1X% ' r-C/ @ $ A # # %'& %* )( ,+ %- 9 7b !c 1 ^ 4=1'"#-CB$#Q.10R %10B6D5' B " ^ !c 1CB > l46DYRNQ 1;%@#BR ^ D61'*1Cd61C% R -N4?#BR 1N% 46% Dsd4Y'p/a-NdY'*1C#B Dx[ T PM1 < 5 D /a- ' 6 FG4 !"H #Q.1CR %![Y-CQ '*#Q % BG'*% b !" -NdY'*1C#B 5 ' \ 1L#Q.10R D1 '710d61N% %,S " 1 ^ 46% ! l46DRCQ BG'*% E,* ! $ \ #&%#Q.10R > - ^^ > '*#-NBr#%D % > #d D5#BsD '710# ^ #B > '"#-CB07Y[Y[ ` [ 5 Bs\]1Cd ^ ` [10B6D?Ck#RC4 * ` [K [ SY' ? , /a- Q.10B > Q C1 %"4 * Q BG'7%/a- ' 63* ' # ,c 1 ^ " %@4 ^ '7%P-C/9' :,c 1 ^ 4610'"#-CB #' ' \ 1 7998D10'*1Cd61C% > 10BTd % , Bu[ : 1C%"4 " B6-P1C 1C K 1C 1C ` 1C b ]K 96[ 7 K]96[ 7 K]96[ 7 KB9[ 7 KB9[ 7 Y 6 9 [ ! % [ C K [K %,[ KC[ 79%,[ KC[ :%,[ Y[ b\73%![ ` GO T K ` ^ [ ` ^ ^ [K [ [ 7 [ [ [ b [ [ b M 7 h@h 96[ ` ^ 9[ bG9 9[ b6KNK 9[ bG9G9 [ 9[ b ` K 7 ^ [ 6K 796[ 7 ` b6[ [ b[ [ b[ `` 96[BK 9\7 9[ 9 ^ 9b 9[ 9 [ 9[ 9 [ 9 9[ 99 9 h 9[ [ 9[ ` 9 [ 9[ ` b 96[ `G` 96[ `G`` 79 h 96[*K 7 ` 9[BK 7 ^ 9[BK 7 9[BK 7 ^ 9[BK 7 [ h 96[ b G7 9[ `` 9 9[ 7 9[ 96K ` 9[ K `` BK 99 h 96[ [^^ 7 9[ ^ 9[ K ^` 9[ [ K 9[ [ 9b \k10d ^ ` [ #! cN,*c # ! -0/]' Z* %"4 ^ '*%E/a- Y 6 B546%"#BR' \ 1 79G9:D61'*1Cd61C% [ . , . @ A 1 First query step First step of RF Second step of RF Third step of RF Fourth step of RF 0.9 0.8 0.7 Precision 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 Ck#RN4 0.2 * ` [ K [ j o 0.4 0.6 0.8 \ Recall A /a- ' \1 1 799:D1'710d61N% [ > 10BW% , #$ B Ck#RC4 * ` [K [ ' 1' %@? > #1 ^^ H ' #"6 %l' %l' ?W-C/Y/ , DYd61 > * %"4 ^ '7% #BW1 ^ 1 R #Q? - cC Q BG' #B' o \ [ C4 ' , %@' ?6%j%@'"# ^^ d #BRX1CB#Q? - cC Q BG'!S0d4'b1mQW4 > E 1 , -NB ' 10B#B' $"6 %@' %@' ?u[ C -CQ ' ' # D:'"-X' /a-N4 ' %@' ?8-0/t/ , DYd61 > ' P* %"4 ^ '*%j% , Q '"-Xd %*1'*4 1' D10B6D8D-W1 ^ Q-N%@' B-C'p#Q? - cC 1CB H Q- " [ B b '*1 1 ^ - - 1'X\k10d ^ ` [ b > 1CBy% , ' 10' 6,* St' 6 ? , /a- Q.10B > #Q? - cN Q BG'E#B;' %"6 %l'%@' ?5% , Q.%b'"-:d Q34 > %"Q.1 ^^ ! 1N%2' 9 h -CB ^ H -G% / -NQ 9[ [ '*- 96[ ` 9 [ [ :r-G%l'3-0/(' #Q? - cC Q BG' b > -C4 ^ Dv% , #Bv' o \ 1C%Z' 46%WD4 '"-s' 8* - D , #BR5#Bq' '*-C?r#Q1CR %,S61CB6Dr1 > '"461 ^^ H S=B-0'Q.1CB H B ! * ^ ,c 1CBN'#Q.10R %10?6? 1 * DT-CBs% > *, Bu[E\ 6X" %@?A-CB=% '"#Q % /a- -CB FG#Q1CR FG4 ! # %p1 * 46B6D , -NB % > -CB6Dy10B6Ds' 46% cC!"H /_1C%@'![&P cC B #n' Q.10B H FG4 ,*H #Q1CR % ' '"#Q %.1 * %@'"# ^^ 10' ! ^ - S !cC B Bw' 1CB6%@Q#'@'*#BRy' 6r BG'"# " 79G9s#Q.10R '& 1P %:'"-z' 46% ! [ Bs-CB ^ H ' 10B6%"Q#n'"'"#B( R 9#Q.10R % 1C%#Bs1 B- Q.1 ^ 34=% ! % > B61 #- h SY' 6W* %"?=-NB6% '*#Q % # ^^ ,cC B d /_1C%@' ! [(\ 79 h 10B6D BK 99 h c 1 ^ 4 %% - ' 1'-CB ^ H #B5' 6) "6 %l'#Q.10R %(' 1'1 " 1 > '"4=1 ^^ H 46% D /a- / ! DYd61 > S=' W* %"4 ^ '*%p1 * d > -CQ#B6RId '@' , D[ C4 ' ! -NBr' 63* %"4 ^ '*%pDY-IB-C'#Q? - cN QW4 > S ,cC B #' / , DYd61 > [ $ A $ $ $ $ $ $ A / R PM1 < 5 T 7G7 # ! $ \ \ 1 G799TD10'*10d=1C% #&%XD % > #d D$#BvD '710# ^ #B > '*#-NB 7[ [ ` [ > 10Bq% ! #Bv\]1Cd ^ ` [ ` 1CB6D * ` [K r' 1':' T" %@4 ^ '7%X/a- ' #% ^ 1 R ! D10'*10d=1C% 1 * -NBw1$DY# ,* BG'!S ^ - E, ^ ,cN ^ 10B6D DY- ^ - Q34 > 8 - % []\]-0'*1 ^ * > 1 ^^ #&%jB6-0'E10' bG9 ? " > #&%@#-CB81N% #' ' \79G9XD10'*10d=1C% SCd64Y' 1' , 1'KB9 ? * > #%"#-CBu[ ^ %@-p' FG4 ,*H '"#Q %jRC-m4?.%@#RCB6# " > 10BG' ^ H [k\ #&%9#%2B-0'2-NB ^ H DY4 '"-m' ^ -CBR , > -NQ?4Y'*10'"#-CBuS d4'P1 ^ %@-d > 1C46% -C/]' ^ -CBR , ' 10B6%"Q#%*%"#-NBI-0/k' 6 79G9WFG4 !"H8* %"4 ^ '*% c #&1 9[ : 1N%@4 " B6- =C C K C C ` =C b K l = b [ 7 K l = b [ 7 K ] 6 b [ 7 K ] 6 b [ 7 Klb=[ 7 Y = b [ 9 b:%![ [ ! % [ = b [ 7 : b ! % [ Y 7 [ K 3 , % [ [ : , % [ ` NO T ` ^ [ [ K K [ [ K 6[ b\9 ^ K [ ^ [ `G` K ^ [ `` M 7 h"h 96[ ` 96[ ` BK 9 9[ ` 9[ bG9\7 96[ b=K ^ b[ ` [ b 76[ G7 bb6[ ` bG9[ 7 b ` [ ` 9 96[K K 96[K 9 9[K [ 9[K 6KCK 96[K ^ 9 h 96[K b 96[K ^\[ 9[ YBK 7G7 9[ [ b 96[ ` 9 79 h 96[ 9 ` 96[ 9 ^\[ 9[]K 9G7 9[]K 9b 96[BK 9G7 h 96[ \7 96[ ` ^G^ 9[ ` ^ 9[ b6KNK 96[ b 7 ]K 9G9 h 96[ b [[ b 96[ b ^ ` 9[ 7b 9[ 7 ` 9 [ 96[ 7 ^ K \k10d ^ ` [ ` #! cN,*c # , -0/ ' Z* %"4 ^ '7%E/a- Y 6 B546%"#BR:' \ 799WD61'*1Cd61C% [ Ck#RC4 $ . , . @ A 1 First query step First step of RF Second step of RF Third step of RF Fourth step of RF 0.9 0.8 0.7 Precision 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Recall " ` [K #jo \ /a- ' \ G799:D10'*10d=1C% [ > 10BI% , ' 10'j' 6 #Q? - cN Q BG'bD4 '*- * ^ ,c 10B > / , DYd61 > #&%E%l' -NBR ! ' 1CB #' ' \79G9 D10'*1Cd61C% [B H 1 H StB-0'p/a- p,cN,*H FN4 ,*H #Q.10R > 1CBy1 " ^ !c 10BG'#Q.10R d /a-C46B6D$#Bs' '"-C? 9 P cC B 10/{' , /a-N4 %@' ?6%m-0/E/ , DYd61 > #n'W%@'"# ^^ " Q1C#B=% ^ # ' #%![8\ #&% > 10Bqd % ! By/ -NQ ' 6 )GO T 3Q 1C%"4 * ' 1'W#&%m/_1 X #R ! ' 1CB KC[;\ 6 9 h #Q:? - cN %m- cC!m,cC!"H %l' ?v-0/ * ^ ,c 10B > / , DYd61 > Sk1C% E ^^ 1C% ' h [z\ 6 ^ 10' ! Q 1N%@4 * 79 h 10B6D K]99 h #Q? - cC #Bv' "6 %@'W' -$%l' ?6%W-0/CESkd4Y'3' B Q- * - ^ %*%%l'71 ^^ Dx[9\ #%#%!SY#B5?61 ' SYDY4 '"-:' /_1 > 'E' 1'-NB ^ H ' "6 %@'9:#Q.10R %(1 * 46% D8/a- ' R B ! 10'"#-CBI-C/k?A-N%"#'"# cC 10B6DTB RN10'"# cC / , Dd61 > [ Ck#RN4 A $ $ $ $ $ $& '9, " ! , ! $ \ #&%9D10'*10d=1C% #&%2D % > #d D3#B.D '*10# ^ #B > '"#-CBP7Y[Y[ ` [k\]1Cd ^ ` [ bZ10B=D Ck#RC4 * ` [K ^ RC# cC 10B- cN,*c # , -C/]' Z" %@4 ^ '7% #n' ' q1C% #B6R0'"-NBTD61'*1Cd61C% [ > 10B:% ! ' 10'k' (" %@4 ^ '7% ^ - - Q34 > d '"' ! ' 1CB #' ' \G799D1'710d61N% S1 ^ ' -N4R B-0'21C% RN-G-YD.1N% #n' ' \ 79G9ZD1'710d61N% []\ z1N% #BRC'"-CB8D61'*1Cd61C% % , Q.% '*-Xd 1p/_10# ^ H: 1N% H D1'710d61N% [ > 1CB:1 ^ %"-p% , ' 1' / -CQ ' %@'*1 '9-CB NO T b#&% B '9'"-m? , / > 'j10B6DW/a- 9!cC,*H FG4 ,*HX* ^ ,c 10BG'9#Q1CR % > -C4 ^ DId /a-C4B=Dx[2\ #&%(Q 10B6%E' 1'1 ^ %"-3?A-N%"#'"# cC #Q.10R %(1 * 1 c 1C# ^ 10d ^ /a- * ^ ,c 10B > / , Dd61 > SY10B6D E > 10B.% ! ' 1'9' 6" %@4 ^ '7% #n' / , DYd61 > R '2QW4 > d '"' , S %"? > #&1 ^^ H #B' $"6 %l'9' -X%@' ?=%2-0/A/ , DYd61 > [ $ # $ $ $ 7 9 T P < 5 1C%"4 " B6- C C K C C ` C b G7[K]b G7[K]b G7[K]b \7Y[Klb \7Y[Klb KN[ ` %![ Y[K:%,[ Y [ b ^ %,[ Y[ 3%,[ Y [ [ 9:%![ KN[ 7 K K K K [ ` [^ [ 779 [ [ K [ G7 ^ b [ [ 9b ^ K [ 6[ bGb KB7[ KCK [K ` K]9 [ [ 9b K]9b6[ ` [ [K*7 [ ` [K ` 9 [ 9 ^ NK K [ 96KCK [ 9 [ ` 9 h [ 7 ` ^ [ [ ` 7 [ [ b [ ^ [ ^ KB9 [ 79 h [ b\9G7 [ [ 7 [ K [ 9\7 [ ` [ G7 [ h [ ` ` [ 77 [ K ` [ bG9 [ G7G7 ` KB99 h [ b ` ^ [ 9 [ 9 [ ^ b [ [ [^ [ [ 9 k\ 10d ^ ` [ b ! cN,*c # ! -0/]' Z* %"4 ^ '*%E/a- Y 6 B564 %"#BR' z1N% #BCR '"-NB5D61'*1Cd61C% [ : Y G O T M 7 h@h . , . @ A no feedback feedback step 1 feedback step 2 feedback step 3 feedback step 4 1 Precision 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 Ck#RN4 * ` [ K ^ j o 0.2 \ 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Recall A /a- ' q1C% #BR0'*-CB5D1'710d61N% [ \ ? * > #&%"#-NB c 1 ^ 4 %b% - - Q34 > 8 1C%"# ! ' #%(D10'*10d=1C% #%![ 9 h R '*%b4?I'"- ^ 9 1/{' , /a-C4 %l' ?6% C- /E/ ! DYd=1 > !" 1C%m' %*10Q .c 1 ^ 4 /a- ' \ G79G9;D10'*1Cd61C% #% ` [I\ #%W#%X1 ^ %"-rDY4 '*-5' /_1 > 'E' 10'j' 6 q1C% #BR0'*-CBID10'*1Cd61C% > -NBG'*10#B6%b1XQW4 > ^ 1 R , BG46QWd , -0/ * ^ ,c 10BG'b#Q.10R %![k\ #&%bQ 10B6% ' 1'p' 3c 1 ^ 4 /a- 79 hP> 10B5' - " '"# > 1 ^^ H 1 ^ Q:-G%l' " 1 > ' 6 K]9G9 Q.1 !" 1C%/a- ' \ 79G9 D10'*1Cd61C% X,cN B #' ? , / > ' * ' # ,c 1 ^ S6' 79 h> 1CBs-CB ^ HT" 1 > 1.Q.1 #QW46Q -C/#9 d > 1C46% ' 6,* -NB ^ H #%1CBT1 cN, 10R -0/EK]9 * ^ ,c 10BG'#Q.1CR %![ $ $ # F ! $ D '*1C# ^ D > -NQ:?=1 #%"-CB3-0/AD# ,* BG'2Q ' -YD% /a- 9!c 1 ^ 461'*#BRp#Q1CR % '*%k/ -CQ ' 4 - " ^ -C'"- 4@ % #&%ZDY-CB #B > '"#-CB 7Y[ [ [3\ #%Z% - %' D# ,* BG'Z? -Cd ^ Q.%' 10' > 10Bq1 #&% / -NQ c 1 #-N46% ,c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB Q ' -YD%P1CB6D - 1 D;#'P#&%('"- !cC B > -CQ?61 " ' ? ! /a- Q.10B > -0/9% H %@' Q%d61C% DT-CBT' %"1CQ D1'71 % '7%,S 6 B;' FG4 !"H '71C% %10B6DI' Z* ^ ,c 1CB > l46DYRNQ BG'*% > 10BR % ^ #R ' ^ H [ $ F L ('9$ , !# !#'+, $ B > -NQ?61 #B6R5' ? , /a- Q.10B > Q 1N%@4 * %X-0/(' %"1CQ % H %@' Q -NB c 1 #-C4=%XD1'710d61N% %Z#' > 1CB ,> ^ 1 ^ H d % , BX' 10' ' 6 D10'*1Cd61C% % 1 cC 1 cC,*H ^ 1 R %@?=10BZ-0/6D# > 4 ^ ' H [ ^ ' -C4R %"-CQ Q 1N%@4 " % %"4 > 1N%p' \-Y Y +SkD " B Dz#B PjFG4610'"#-CB 7Y[ ` S % -N4 ^ DzRN# cN Q 10B6%p'*- > -CQ?61 " % H %@' Q - cC! D1'710d61N% % -C/ c 1 #-C46%Z%"#E< %X1CB6D #n' DY# , #BR " ^ !c 10B > % '7%,Sk#' # ^^ d 8 1 D$'"- * 1 ^^ H > -NQ:?=1 * ' -rDY# !" BN' % H %l' Q.%d61C% Dw-CB > -NQ:? ^ ' ^ H DY# ,* BG'ID1'710d61N% %,[ 5 ' > 10B 1 ^ %"-yd % ! B ' 10'8-CB %"-CQ D10'*10d=1C% %!S * ^ ,c 10B > / , DYd61 > d #BRN%1 46R ? , /a- Q1CB > RG10#Br- cC! % !cC, 1 ^ %@' ?6% 6,* 1C%-CBr-0' , D1'710d61N% % _^ # ' \ 799 h ' ? ! /a- Q.10B > RG10#Bs#%Q-N%@' ^ H D4 '*-I1 * - D , #BR.-C/9' "6 %l' J 9 * %"4 ^ ' #Q.10R %,[ ( . $ $ % 7 [ > 10BX1 ^ %"-% ! ' #B 64 B > -C/ ' BG46QWd , -C/Y#Q.10R % #BZ' D10'*1Cd61C% 10B=Dp' BG46QWd , -C/ " ^ !c 1CBG' #Q.10R %9-CB:' ? ! /a- Q.1CB > Q 1N%@4 " %,[k\ 46% -0/A' \Y Y +FGd61N% D3Q 1C%"4 " % % , PbFG461'*#-NB-7[ ` h > 10B * DY4 > ' % #B64 B > %,S9d64Y':-NBv' 6 -0' ,3 10B=D > '"#-CB(7[ [ 1 ^ %@-$% - %X' 10'W' 6,* 1 * Q.10B H -C' ! #B64 B > %' 10'ZQ:#R ' > 10B6R ' ? ! /a- Q.1CB > 3c 1 ^ 4 % ,cN By%@' -CB6R , [Z\ #&%Q.1 % >^ 1 ' 1' ' > -CQ?61 #&%@-NBy- cN, DY# !" BG'W#Q.1CR D10'*10d=1C% %m#&% cC!"Hy 1 Dz- X!cC Bv#Q?A-N%*%@#d ^ 10B6D BY/a- > %m' B ! DI/a- 1:%l'710B6D61 D8#Q1CR D1'710d61N% p #' FN4 ,*H '*1C% %(10B6D " ^ !c 10B > l46DRCQ BG'*%E'*-.DY-.%l'710B6D1 D#E< D !c 1 ^ 4=1'"#-CB [j\ D % > #?Y'"#-CBT-0/k' 6 Y #B > '*#-NB07Y[Y[ ` D % > #d %-C' ! #Q?A- '*1CBN'/_1 > '*- % B ! D D;/a- ? -C? , d B > Q1 #BR6[ . $ $ '. $ PO 9 5 ; " \ #&% > 1C?Y' ! D % > #d %10B6D !c 1 ^ 4=1' %(-C4 > 4 *" BG' Y :1CB6D;' 46B6D , ^ H #BR' > B#&FG4 % 46% Du[ 'W% - %p' DY#%@' #d4Y' Dq%l' 4 > '"4 * -0/E' 6 ? -CR 10Q 1CB6D %"? > #&1 ^^ H ' > -CB6%@'"#'"4'"#-CBq-0/ > -NQ ?A-CB BG'*%P' 10' > 10B 1C%"# ^ H d :" ? ^ 1 > D #n' #B$' / 1CQ , - [\ #%p1 > #' > '"4 " 1 ^^ - %'*-;1ND10?Y'' ? -CR 1CQ '"-.DY# !" BG' B c # -CBQ BN'7% 10' ! 1C%"# ^ H 1CB6DTFN46# > ^ H [ \ #&% > 10?Y' , 1 ^ %@- " ^ 10' %u' D ,cC ^ -N?Q BG']-C/ YP- cC, '"#Q 1CB6Dm' 6 DY# ,* BG']/_1 > '*- %u' 1' ^ DZ'*? , /a- Q.10B > E B 1CB > Q BG'*%![PB ,c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB-CB.% !cC! 1 ^ #Q.10R D1'710d61N% %910B6D1 > #'"# > 1 ^ " 1CDY#BRm-0/A' * %"4 ^ '*%]#%kDY-CB 1']' b B6Du[k\ #&%k% - % - v 1 Dm#'k#&% '"- > -CQ?61 " 1% H %@' Q 6 B !c 1 ^ 4=1'"#-CB=% E,* B-C' DY-NB -CB3' 6 %"1CQ D61'*1Cd61C% 46%"#BRp' %"1CQ FN4 ,*H #Q.1CR %91CB6DW' %*10Q (* ^ ,c 10B > l46DYRCQ BN'7%,[ 'b1 ^ %"% - % 10' > 1CBrd %*10#&D510dA-C4Y'P' % H %l' Q ? ! /a- Q.10B > d H '71 #BR81 >^ -N% ^ - - 1'P' ? , /a- Q.10B > Q 1N%@4 " %,[ @ A $ $ ?@ A $ $ 7 9 P < T ! " #$ &% (' )+* , - ./+01% 1 ^ #&%"Q &# % * ^ 1'"# cC S]D ' ! Q#B Dqd H ' % H l% ' Q C- / " ? 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B 4QWd , -0/ #Q.10R %,[ ,* ' Z,c 1 ^ 4610'"#-CB;'"#Q #%46?;'*- n '"#Q %1N% #R /a- ' Z!c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB;-C/ n / 1'*4 " %,[ /. 1032 $ 4032 $ 032 2 ! 1032 ! ! $5 $ # 6032 # ) # $ # # 798$:<;>=@?BA/CED"F*GIH/?J:GDK:>=/LM:ON?BPOL;>QEH@RBCEGSQET6LJRBGU3A/GPVXWY?BH/C V=/QE;:>?BRBP>LJTZNG[LM:A/PG\;O=YL]XGI:GP>T^N_PGUA/GH/`9V"abdc egfBh ! ! 0.3 Time for evaluation Collection frequency 1 0.25 0.9 0.8 Collection frequency Time in seconds 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.05 0.1 0 0 0 L :QET,G 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Number of features evaluated NG[LM:A/PG\; LM: D/Q %GP>GHX: ;:>LJRBG; ?JN :>?IG9]BLJCEAYLM:G f :=/GIUA@G\PV/P>?3`G\;; 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Feature number NG[LM:A/PG\; 3500 4000 F \b"?JN:=/G fk-C#RCBG4'*1C*#B#6B[RJK ' c B1 X^ 46/ 1010'"'"#-C4 B '*%!#S6Q 1CB6%D8/a' - . 1 - > %%"?A'-CB6-CDY/:#BK nMR n - / 10'"4 '"#*-CB;%://a- FN41zFGB 4 #!"H%(w-0/ '#n' '%"- *', DIFG/ 4 ,10*H'"4 #Q%![ 1CR % > > ^^ > * > "* " > * 0.5 0.5 0.45 0.45 0.4 0.4 0.35 0.35 Time in seconds Time in seconds 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0 0 0 500 L 1000 1500 2000 Number of features evaluated ;>QEH/RBCEGSQET6LJRBG U3A/GPV fk#RC4 * 6 [' c 1 ^ 4610'"#-CBT'"#Q #' m / 1'"4 " %,[ n /a- 2500 0 1000 2000 F 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Number of features evaluated TA@C > : Q/CEG<QET6LJRBG U3A/GPV 8000 9000 / 10'"4 * %/a- 1.FN4 ,*H; #' * / 10'"4 * %1CB6Dr1/ ! DYd61 > FG4 !"H !#"$ #%g'&(")/*)+,"<- $ ,./ \ Q ' -YD%:' 1'81 * 46% Dw/a- * DY4 > #BRzFG4 !"Hv!c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB '"#Q /_1 ^^ #BG'"-z' -y? # ^ -N%"-C? # > 1 ^^ H DY# ,* BG' >^ 1C%*% %,[0 c 1 ^ 4610'"#-CB > 1CB #n' , d %l'*-C?? DT1'P1CB H ?=-N#BG' !" #'#% B- B;' 10'' '*-C? 10B D#Q.10R % > 10B.B- ^ -NBR ! > 1CBR 1 C ^ -N%*% ^ %"% E Q ' - D h S - ' D > #%"#-CB > 1CB8d Q.1CD '"-W'"- ^ , 1' %"-CQ %"Q.1 ^^N> 1CBR %u#BX#Q1CR 2 10B #BR#BZ' #" B61 ^ " %@4 ^ ' 1 C ^ -G%"% HE Q ' -YD h [$ B > -G-G%@#BRd ' E, B ' % >,^ 1N%"% %!SG#n'#&%b#Q?=- '710BG'E'"- B6- ' , DY# !" BG' * %"4 ^ '*%E1 * B > %*%*1 # ^ H - % * %"4 ^ '7%,SY1CB6D8#/ %"-6S '*- 1' ' BG'![ fk#RC4 * =[ m 1 h % - % ' ( 10B %k-0/=' #Q1CR %u' 1'21 * " B61 ^^ HX 1CB D.Kb'"-K n DY4 #B6RP' (,c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB -C/E15FG4 ,*H 4=%@#BRT' \ nMn D1'710d61N% h [/{' ! n!1 -0/b' / 1'"4 " % 1 cC d ! B ,c 1 ^ 4610' DuSu' 6 % #Q.10R %W1 " 1 ^^ 1CB Dy#Bq' 6 '"-N? n G 0I;(0 1 -0/(' '"-C'*1 ^ D1'710d61N% h [r\ #&%31 ^ * 1ND H %"4RCR %@'*%m' 1' / 1'"4 "m,c 1 ^ 4610'"#-CB > -N4 ^ DTd %l'*-C?? D 1 ^ H. #' -N4Y''"- -R * 10'1 ^ -N%*%(-0/k? * > #&%"#-NBu[ /t' 6 / 10'"4 * %b1 * %@- ' D1 >!> - DY#BRm'*-Z' # bb #R '*% 1C%2#B fk#RC4 * 6[K 1 h@h SC' * %"4 ^ '*%j1 " d '"' ! S 1N%2% - J B fk#RC4 * 6[ m d h [ B' #% > 1C% SG1 ^^ K n #Q.10R %91 * #B' '"-N? 1 1/{' ! ^ %*% ' 1CB 1 -0/A/ 10'"4 * % 1 cN d ! B ,c 1 ^ 4610' DxS610B=D5#B6D , DuS61 ^^ d4'-CB 1 " #BT' '*-C? n G 0I;(0 1 h 1/{' , n)1 -C/]' / 10'"4 * % 1 cN d ! B ,c 1 ^ 4610' Du[ fk#RC4 * =[ :% - %2[ ' $ %*10Q10Bz % %@'*10'"#&%l'*# > %2' /a- 1' 1W-CB By5G#46Q.%"#10BR Rr 1 FN4 1,*HR 1CB6B D841WQ3QWd 4 ^ '"-0#?/j^ / 5G1#'*Q.4 10R %Z 1CFG%4 ,' *H #%m/a- #&%p'' \ nMn D1'710d61N% ^ ! > !b ^^ ! " $ $ $ $ # $ $ $ % ! &4 70 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 50 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 60 50 Position 60 Position m 30 40 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 0 500 1000 fk%"- #RC' 4 *DId =[ m ' ' # 10B % H 1500 2000 2500 3000 Number of features evaluated OQ :>=@?BA@:;?BP:QEH/R $ L 3500 4000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Number of features evaluated F OQ :>=";>?BP:QEH/R 3500 4000 %-0/2' " 6B 1 ^ '*-C? K n #Q1CR %DY4 #BR;FG4 !"H5!c 1 ^ 4=1'"#-CB S # ' -N4Y'X10B6D n# ' / 10'"4 * % > - * '"-81 > ! '701 #BTFG4 !"H d61C% D;-CB % 1CB6D h [ 2 032 > 1C% # Bs/ , DYd61 > GF 4 ! # %!S=' " 6B 1 ^ - D ! d > -CQ % >^ 1 Q34 > $ 1 ^ # , S=%"-8' > 4Y'"- > 10By1 ^ " 1CD H d 10/{' , n)1 -C/]' / 10'"4 * % 1 cC d ! B ,c 1 ^ 4610' Du[ $ 100 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 90 80 70 80 70 60 Rank Rank 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 90 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 0 500 L 1000 1500 2000 Number of features evaluated QEH/Q :Q LJC U3A/GPV 2500 0 fk#RN4 " =[ M' T ,cN ^ -C?Q 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Number of features evaluated OQ :="NGG\D@FYLJ` F 8000 9000 BN'-C/]' Z 1CB #B6R3-C/]' " B61 ^ '"-C?T' B5#Q.1CR %![ '9#&% ' 46% >,^ 1 ' 10' 1 ^ H %l'*-C??6#BR > -C4 ^ D * %"4 ^ '2#B:R * 10'k#Q? - cC Q BN'7%k#B * %"?=-NB6% '"#Q S #n' -C4Y' D 10Q.10'"# >:> 10BR %p#Bz' " B61 ^ " %@4 ^ '*%![ 'X#%m#Q?=- '710BG'm'"-5B-C' ' 1'Z' 6 1CQ-C4BG'Z-0/E'"#Q %"1 cN Dsd H 1 ^ H %@'"-N??#BR # ^^ d QW4 > d '"' ! ' 1CB ^ #B 1 #BT' B 4QWd , -C/]/ 1'*4 " %(B-0' !c 1 ^ 461' DxS6%"#B > #'P#% ? * > #% ^ H ' -N% / 1'*4 * % #' 5 #R > - ^^ > '*#-NBI/ * FG4 B > # % ' 1'('*1 ' ^ -CB6R %@'('"#Q '"- ,c 1 ^ 4610' [ $ 02 " "<% $ fk#RC4 * 6[ P% - %t' 1'u' " B=1 ^ '*-C?m' BX#Q.10R % E,* #BZ' '*-C?m' BW1 ^ * 1CD H FG4#' 2 1 ^ H #BZ' FG4 !"H !c 1 ^ 4=1'"#-CB [:\ #&%X%"4RCR %@'*%P' 10'Z' FG4 !"Hs!c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB > -C4 ^ D$d %l'*-C?? Dq10/{' , 1 > ! '710#By? , > BG'*10R -C/9/ 1'*4 * % #' -N4Y'p% , #-C46% ^ H 1 > '"#BR.' 6W* ' # ,c 1 ^ ? , /a- Q.10B > [ #B > ' ^ - 5 b #R ' DI/ 10'"4 * % 1 "mcC!"H > -NQ:?64Y'*10'"#-CB61 ^^ H8 ? B6%"# cC S b > 10B ? > 'P1d '"' ! ' 10B ^ #B 1 * DY4 > '"#-CBT#B > -CQ?4'*1'*#-NB '*#Q [2\]- !c 1 ^ 4=1' ' #&%jQ ' -YDxSG? ! /a- Q.1CB > 1C% ,c 1 ^ 461' D:/a- > 4'"- ?A-C#BN'7%j-C/ n)1 S n!1 S n!1 1CB6D n)1 fk[ #RC4 =[ % - %3' 10'-NB ' 4 /a- 4Y'*- 1/{' n)1 -0// 10'"4 %:#&%B-0'710d - % ' 1' ^ H > "cN > ^ Hv * , * ' 4B? 4B D > 1C% [X\ -0' , > 4'"- % ,cN BsRN# cN % ^ #R ' ^ H d '"' ! ? ! /a- Q.10B > #By%"-CQ ?61 '*%p-C/2' o VM:<Kc? S 1 ^ ' -C46R B6-0'Z%@#RCB# " > 10BG' ^ H [Z\ #&%mQ.1 H d 4B6D ! %@'"- -YD$1N%P' /_1 > 'p' 1'X%@-NQ -0/j' cC!"H / * FG4 BN'(/ 1'"4 " % %"% BG'*#1 ^^ H 1 > '(1N%bB6-C#&% [ $ > 1CBT1 ^ %"-3% , ' 1'(' 46% -0/ -CB ^ H ?A-N%"#n'*# cN h * ^ ,c 10B > # # M 1 1 Unpruned system 90% 80% 50% 20% 0.9 0.8 Unpruned system 90% 80% 50% 20% 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Precision Precision 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 L 0 Recall QEH/Q : Q LJC U3A/GPV f]#RC4 " 6[ 'jo VB:<KQ? 5/a- 0.2 0.4 0.6 OQ :="NGG\D@FYLJ` F 0.8 1 Recall > 4'"- 1/{' !c 1 #-N46%E? ! > BG'*1CR %E-C/]/ 1'"4 " % ,c 1 ^ 461' D / 1'"4 " ? 4B#BR h [ / ! DYd61 > YD - %p#Q? - cN ' > Z' ' 10'Z1T% ^ #R 'Z? 4B#BRT% , Q.%p'"- ^ 1CDs'"-5d @' ' , X* %"4 ^ '*%p#By' 6 o VM:<Kc? [ $ b4Y'"- =? -N#BG' cC! 1CR p,c 1 ^ 4610'"#-CB;'"#Q % 1 0- /k'"#Q C- / ' 4B? 4B D Cc , %"#-NB nn [[ nCC%% 1 K1 D nn [[ * C0%% m1 n 4B? n 4B D 1 [ n 0% K nMn!1 \k10d ^ =[ ' Cc , 10R D , c 1 ^ 4610'"#-CB:'"#Q %j/a- > 4Y'*- 1{/ ' !jc 1 #C- 46%9? , > BG'*10R %9-C/x/ 10'"4 * 2% 1 "P,c 1 ^ 461' Dx[ nn !1 !1 !1 !1 \k10d ^ 6[5% - %P' ^ 1 R #Q? - cC Q BG'*%m#B ,c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB$'*#Q -NdY'*1C#B D$/ -NQ ' #%Z? 4B6#BR5' > B#&FG4 [ H$* DY4 > #BR5' BG46QWd , -C/E/ 1'*4 " % ,c 1 ^ 4610' Dqd H -CB ^ H K n)1 Su' 8,c 1 ^ 4610'"#-CBz'"#Q #&%ZQ- * ' 10B 1 ^ cC Dx[ c 1 ^ 461'*#B6RI-CB ^ H n)1 -0/2' / 1'*4 * %'*1 % ^ %*%' 10B 1 -0/j' /a4 ^^ ,c 1 ^ 461'*#-NBr'"#Q S d4'p' ? ! /a- Q.10B > #&%m%@#RCB6# " > 10BG' ^ HT - % ' 10B$' 10'p-C/2/a4 ^^ !c 1 ^ 461'*#-NBu[Z\ #%pQ-YD %l'*# ^^ Q:#R 'md 5I461 % %" -C/a4Q ^ #n#/ QB10-C?AB #&-% '*Q.10' BG*1 ' H Q ? - !^ H " #FGB8104?6## Q.% > !10cCR* BT%"%?=d -N1 B6% D %"#&? %b# B10d,/a- ^ D Q[ Dxf6SD8- - d #n/] 1C-N'Q:4? B=^ ' 1 l # K %@'*46%!KD% [ox!N% -C -446E%l'B6 1 D8 #&10' %@BG'*%2'710%j'-C'*/{FG'-4B#d > - 1 d % - ' %"# BR:#%lQ' ? 1C^ -N1R BH R %% ^ ^ ^ cC,*H > ! H cCPcC,*H '*#Q > -NB6%@' 10#BN'7%10B6DI' B6D;'"-8% 1 > /a- 10B51 >!> ?Y'*1Cd ^ m 1' , ' 10Br1:? ! / > ' * %"4 ^ ' [ ) $ $ # # "<% ' " ) @-./ $ ,.^' 4B6#BR #n' 1CBI4?? , '*#Q ^ #Q#n'#&%Ed61C%"# > 1 ^^ H 1:%@46d6% 'E-C/u' 6 / 1'"4 " ? 4B#BR6S !" ' p,c 1 ^ 4 01 '"#-CB8#&%j%@'"-N?? D81/{' , 1 " Y D.'"#Q SY%@-Z' ? , > BG'*10R -0/x/ 1'*4 " % !c 1 ^ 4=1' D c 1 # %2D ? B6DY#BR3-NB' FG4 !"H [2\ Z" %@4 ^ '7%D ? B6D5%@' -CBR ^ H -CB;' D10'*1Cd61C% %E46% DxS=1C%E' 6Z,c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB6%E/a- ^ 1 R ! D1'710d61N% % #B5R B , 1 ^ '*1 ^ -NBR ! [ VM:<Kc-G?%B sd %f] #'RC- 4 "% BTE6 1[ ^^ S ' 4E 11 'P% %"4 - 10> B= D;*13#%"BGQ 4 ' ^ '7' %1 -Y/a-'"D5#-C#&BT' %(/%@ ? 1N\%@#Dd ^ #n10'nMB6n D;-CD4Y' '1 '71'*10-'d6-:'1N6%R 3 ?=1-G'#n' %"1 %"#dD-G# # ^%" #%(' ,H #*B5> BG1C? 'pBT'"d #Q #& %"#RC-N# Bu^ cC#Q[ BT#'*'"%!-8[31:\ 46 #&% %X, o'* > E, >,> > H ! > , " ^ * > ' > 1CBsd % , B$' 10'pB6-CB -0/9' ^ #Q:#'*% > 1046% %p1I%"#RCB# " > 1CBG' * DY4 > '"#-CBs#B$? " > #&%@#-CBu[Z\ ? , /aQ.10B > m #n' ' 0 .F=10 ^ #Q:#'#&%(#B6D#%@'"#BRC46#% 10d ^ / -CQ ' 4B ^ #Q#' D > 1C% [#!B % -C4 ^ D;d > 1 * /a4 ^ #B R B ! 1 ^ # 7 #BRp' #&% * %"4 ^ 'j1C%9Q34 ^ '*#? ^ #Q.10R FG4 ! # % #B cC!"H ^ 1 R D61'*1Cd61C% %kQ#R ' ^ 1CDW'"-31p%"#RCB# " > 1CBG' D ' ! #- 1'*#-NBI#B5FG461 ^ #' H8 #' " Y D * %"?=-NB6% '*#Q %![ ) # $ ! # ) ! &4 No Limit 1s 0.5 s 0.2 s 0.1 s 1 Precision 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 f]#RC4 " 6[ 'jo VB:<KQ? # $ ( 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Recall BT' 6Z,c 1 ^ 461'*#-NB;#&%%@'"-C?6? DT10/{' ! 1 " D;'"#Q [ # "<#% \ #&%p? 4B#BRIQ ' -YD$#&%pd61C% Ds-CBs' /_1 > 'p' 1'Z#Q.1CR % # > $ 1 cN 1 ^ - % > - " 1/{' ! ' Q-N%@' # R ^ H b #R ' D / 1'"4 " % 1 cC d , B ,c 1 ^ 461' D 1 * B-C' cC!"H ^ # ^ H '*- d s #R ^ Hw 10B D 1/{' , 1 ^^ / 1'"4 " % 1 cC d , B !c 1 ^ 4=1' Dx[j\ 4?tD10' -C/]' % > - * %E-0/9%"4 > #Q.10R % > 1CBI' 46%d %l'*-C?? D 1 ^ H [ T #% 1 >!> %*%9#&%2B-C' * DY4 > D.d H ' #&%2Q ' -YDxS d4Y' > 1 ^> 4 ^ 10'"#-CB:'"#Q #&%,[ B.- D ! '*- ,c 1 ^ 4610' ' #Q:?=1 > ' -C/]' #%Q ' -YDxS' B 4Q3d ! -0/]#Q.10R % * '*1C#B D;#BT' 6 % > - * dA-N1 D 1C%(%"4 >,> %*%@# cC ^ H.* DY4 > D;'*-TK nMn S nMn 10B=D nMn [ \ % s* DY4 > '"#-CB6% b!" D-CB 10/{' ! K n!1 S$ n)1 10B6D n)1 -0/Z' 6 / 10'"4 * % 1CD d , B !c 1 ^ 4=1' Dx[ Br- D ! '*-8d 10d ^ '*- > -NQ?61 * ' ? ! /a- Q.1CB > -C/9' ? 46B Dr% 1 > % #' ' 1'p-0/ ' B-CB95 ? 4B D cN, %@#-CBuSC' % > - * %2/a- 1 ^^ #Q.10R %2Q346%@'Ed > 1 ^&> 4 ^ 1' DxS 10B=D' p* %"4 ^ '*#B6R ^ #%@'b' B " DY4 > D'*' %*10Q B 4Q3d ! 1N%x' ? 4B D cN, %@#-CB6%![u\ o VB:<KQ? 6=E1 * > -CBG'"#B 4 DZ4=%@#BR' j ? > ' DX? * > #%"#-CB /a- 10B6DY-NQ ^ H DY#&%l' #d4Y' D * %"?=-NB6% % 10/{' ! ' #%]?=-N#BG' [ ,* S1 ^^C^ #%@'*% E,*2" DY4 > Dp'"-3K npn #Q.10R % d /a- * > -CQ?61 #&%@-NBu[ 2-N6B 5 > -CQ? ^ ' Z" ' # !c 1 ^u> 1CBTQ.1 o VM:<KQ? W=X46B " ^ #&10d ^ Sw;A0 V0A1/{' , 1 -N4B6D4 n!1 * > 1 ^^ 1N% " ?=- ' D;#BT' 6 \ > -CBG' ' l 6>K o[ k#RC4 * 6[ * % - %8' 10'!S#B Q-N%@' > 1C% %!S(' ? 4B D cC! %"#-NB6%8DY- B-0'5? , /a- Q - % ' 1CB ' f 4B6? 46B D.% H %l' Q5#[ !B ^ H ' " DY4 > '"#-CB:'"-8K nMn 10/{' , K n)1 -0/t' 6 / 10'"4 * % b!"!c 1 ^ 4=1' D:#%jB-0'*# > 10d ^ H d ^ - ' - #RN#B=1 ^x> 4 *cC [ $ $ $ # $ # 1 1 Unpruned system 200 after 50% 100 after 50% 500 after 20% 200 after 20% 100 after 20% 200 after 10% 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 Precision 0.6 Precision Unpruned system 200 after 50% 100 after 50% 500 after 20% 200 after 20% 100 after 20% 200 after 10% 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 L 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 Recall QEH/Q : Q LJC U3A/GPV 0.4 0.6 OQ :="NGG\D@FYLJ` F 0.8 1 Recall fk#RN4 * =[ * 'jo VM:<Kc? T/a- % > - " d=-G1 D8? 4B#BR=[ \k10d ^ 6[ m % - %u' 1' '*#Q %"1 c #BRN% -0/646?W'*- mpn > 1CBXd 1 > # ,cC DxS #n' 3cN,*H ^ #'@' ^ ^ -N%*%]#B31 >,> 4 1 > H [ % -C4 ^ Dpd 2 ? > ' Dp/ -NQ k f #RC4 * 6[YS,' 2!c 1N1 %^ 46-N1BZ'*#' -NB'*B #Q 4QW dD ? -0B6/6D#Q.% -C10BmR ' %x'* - ? ! > # BG'*' 1CR -C#&%l/N' ' #% / DY104 '"4 *Dx% [ # 1 1 461' DZd /a- ' 4'"- 1C% )1 # > "b,c ^ " > E ^^ , > ^ * > 2P-6[9#Q.10R K nM% n " '*1C#B D b4Y'"- n ?A-C#BN' cC! 1CR p,c KC1 [ ^ m 46C10% '"#-CB;'"#Q % '"#Q -0/] 46B? 4B D * K nMn KC[ % K nn *Un nMn KC[ 6K!% * K nMn n KC[ m % n *Um nMn KC[ * % * KC[ n % nMn 46B? 4B D n n nMn Y [ 0 % K \k10d ^ 6 [ m ' cC, 10R D ,c 1 ^ 461'*#-NBI'*#Q %(/a- % > - " d=-G1 D.? 4B#BR6[ $ m -N4 ^ D;%@46RCR %l'b' 10'(1 * DY4 > '"#-CB;-0/u' % > - * dA-N1 D:'"-TK npn #Q.10R %b10/{' ! n -0/]' / 10'"4 * % 1 cN d , B ,c 1 ^ 4610' D$1C%1;%@4#'*1Cd ^ ' 1CD 5G- d ' E, Bs%"? , D$10B6Dr1 >,> 4 1 > H d61C% Ds-CB5' 6 '"#Q %p%l'71' D5#B > '*#-NB4= [KN[Km10B=DI' B 4QWd , %(-0/k?# > '"4 " %(' 10'46% ! %(B6- Q1 ^^ H ^ - - 1'P1N%D % > #d DI#B 10?Y' , h [ 1 !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 1 1 !1 1 !1 1 !1 )1 $ . #% . < \ > Q3d B B RrQ D Q ^ ,Q ! " !d D# D $ R=[ % R 6[ &' ( ) "^ H *! c + ! )1 , - R " ! ^ H (. '- /! " $ " D0 R1 c ^2 "3 ^^4 ,[ n df O 1 1 Unpruned system After 20% Scoreboard to 100, after 80% end After 20% Scoreboard to 100, after 50% end After 10% Scoreboard to 100, after 20% end 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Precision Precision 0.8 Unpruned system After 20% Scoreboard to 100, after 80% end After 20% Scoreboard to 100, after 50% end After 10% Scoreboard to 100, after 20% end 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 L 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 Recall QEH/Q : Q LJC U3A/GPV f5 R #6[ 'joVM:<KQ? 0.4 0.6 OQ :="NGG\D@FYLJ` F 0.8 1 Recall ! QWd " ! ,d D3 D $ R6[ + c " \5 D0 ! 6 + Q !;d ( $ 7! QWd 8 ! " !d D9 D $ R D R: ^" , c H @Q ^^;( $",S< () \%0d ^ 6[ 6S= pR= $!D3 2 d> ( K )1 D )1 S ( !?@ 2) R " ! ![ RQ D c CRA c ^2 Q: % 1 Q 5 !D ! " ! d D K !1 S! )1 [ KCK 1 ! )1 [ K 1 ! " ! d D K !1 S! )1 [ 1 ! )1 [ * 1 1 ! " ! d D K K !1 S! )1 [ 1 ! )1 [ ! 1 ! D Y [ K \%0 d ^ 6[ K' Q B c ^ Q$ +" ! Q3d "3% RQ D,[ n Z mMn nMn Mn n Mn n # nn n nn n n nn nn m nn nn nn n D m nMn \ *! Q3d "7 ^^ ^ " !!$Q D ( 7 RIQ: DA! "^ D /+ Q c ,Q ?,[ C!? $ R ! 6^ Dyd D D ^ H [3\ ";R 2 ^ ' ! ! &4 K n)1 n!1 K n!61[ K 6[ K 6[ E GIHF;OE KCmM[ mm#*[ ,[ KCmM[ m:[ *![ Y m [KD[ ![ NO 7 h"h n [ m KNKCK n [ m K * n [ m mMm NO * [KCK p[K m n [ YK NO nn [[KK MMm n n [[KK M* nn [[KK6 K n n h nn [[ nMm#m* nn [[n *K nn [[nB * n h h n [ * n n [ m n [ p m lK npn h %\ 0d ^ !=[ ' '+" Q !: Q $ + 1! * K npn)1 KD6[ [ p*![ n m [ [ * mm#K * Y[ nn [[KK BK m nn [[ nm n [ * * !DB ^ F G ?R;>: R6[ 0 $ XR " ) c c H 0 ! C^^ $! " ! Q + ! H !? ! 2!$ 3 ) ^ Td 3 0 ( H ![ 0! ,d ! 2.$ $! ^^ H Q " ? + ^^ ^ c " 0 $! d>& K K td>$! /' C ^ 2' ( !? & d> @Q ' c (. S Q R*1 H ,Q $ ^ 0 0 "@ (. &!0[ l >o $ ( $ # G ?C;D: "<% $ , " ! F S= b Q ' ! c " S 'CZQ / 2' ! + Q ( $ R"" R $ $ " ' c " ,[k\! ! 3 ' < QCR/ EQ -! Q ^ ' c !R" c .0: ^ H []\ H ) d ^ H ! Q3d !$!? S<$! [ 6[ h [ !? Q $! " R& "! , , +") $ XR " F ' ! C^2 ' R CQ5S ! C ^2 d ^2 ! ,S50d 2' R 0Q5S#5Cd " d ^2 ! h ) ! & ^ H : $ ^ ' + 2$) A @ Q ^ 3 TQ RB ( ,[ = 0 2$ ( B R + R ' ( xS R / 2' R 0Q ^ d $ ^ ?-"):! C ^2 5C d " R CQ-! " ? 7^ H &"Q ^^%< QWd> A / @ H ^^ '$, Q d>1 Q > [$ R Xd ^2 ! & $ $ ^ H @ 6^ H R ^ H +" ! N ^" 50 d d ^ ! ! [ T ' Q ^ 3XQ R R $ ^ ^ ?, S< 2 +" Q c ^2 " , ", ".+ Q: c ^2 " ! [ 2) c ^2 "B( d> !? Q $' 0! d> 3 <$! [ S0 - Q $ ^ ? %C ! ^2 0! Q Q: " Q ) B $ ^ " ! !$# c * ( " [ 5 7 $ $ G ?R;D: # 7 $ $ m $ m w # f $ 1 1 10% of the features 20% of the features 50% of the features All features 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Precision Precision 0.8 10% of the features 20% of the features 50% of the features All features 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 L 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 Recall QEH/Q : Q LJC U3A/GPV 0.4 0.6 0.8 OQ :="NGG\D@FYLJ` F 1 Recall f5 R #6[ 'jo VB:<KQ? + 1! ^4 R F G ?C;D:: H ,Q5[ f% R R = [ $ \%0 d ^ R3 6 [ % ( ( Q !? "! [ $ 2 $R !$ n d@ I! d ! : , S5 ( ^ c ^ H ^ )1 # $ ^2 # $ ?b!$ :<;Q^>GP$=SG 'UA .Q 2 d> !R" n 0h B " 'n h c ^^ H R" d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g;DA ^ ;>H U:<KpL>G [GIE l jBBo $ ( S: : B:Q= KBE GP=]\>KM^DE@G UA $ $ 5 q X| ~ t zwv!~wz z R;D: (=SETKU:SE@GIAWVy? UGIARE- 2/ @! ! ! "7( GIARET;D:<KM^DE G BA ?CKB:<K V G[VBH " 0? # $! m "A D? $ @ ' ! ( @ ( $! " 2 "= 3' > + : & + 0 ( > ' 2 ! " "! "8 0 f% n ; =< >@? MO %KML * BA BC"D%EGFIHJC*D N " /. QP M $ " $ N1S * RO $ *T * *O " $ " $ ?! D $ ( "- &' 3> # 2 ." U#*T= 8"* ( " " UD !8!?V ( 2& ' ! " *O * J:7 8< $ *2*. *2*. . < $ !0* ( 7 0 " ; 0+ " !?3 $ "/ $'"1 (. 0 W> ? "! B ' % Q X ! ' & 8 " " " V )A *T< ! +" . !0* ! > '@ ' /$ + + ! BS % = ZY\[ S] $! >3 7P ! "#^ ^ 0 W; 5!M _O!$ " ! % ;*T0 2'5 S ) " + ( $ ! 2$(' ^ 0!$ " & , ) ,:B 2 0 ! ) ,:& 0 ! ) ,: B 0 ! "" $ 6 7 ( 2 0 D *2*. + ' 0 $ $ *a` b"" $ 2 " ' ) MT! * ) T0 * GIAYE ;D:<KM^DE@G UA ?CKB:<K G[VBH l mMn o 7 5 f n m =SETKU:SE@GIAWVy? BGIARE K ; D f% !n ' 0 > ! , W > ( 9' $ D & @! "! " - " D8$1 !! 1 " $ ( MT"! 1 ! = ,'! " ( &?8"A !$! " ) T0 2$. ." 8" 5 $ " $2* ! O 0 $ < 9? + ' 2$1 2 !2 f J?RKDVW; j;>: ?b: ML18i;DH l >o ! ^ H ; l >f o < ' '-" * - $! !? ?? /"' @ 2$ @ $ ;l n *<o5 l < !2 D o 2$ l ->D!$B o "$ ( # 5 > ++ 1 " < (2 2 '! U % ^ *T ^ * MT " MT T . " ( D O * +" MT ?!?$" 5M T< ( : &* !3 0+" ( 8 @!0* ": ' $ = & ." ( = $ " $ !? " 2 ' * 2! B!?": *2 $.< " "< ? $" P !? ` . $' $ 0'" ;' ?C' !? ( @28"* ( " B B C 0+" " " A $ + * T=$ !? $ $ " >$-$-$ V 2 8< * #+ ( @ @ O >$') $ : '+" $ 2 .= ;M! ' $ + & *B' !? +$ $- $ , $.? 8) < + $ !? $ $ $' ! 3 !$ ( *7 0* P @ " " , 2/ * 8 A $$ D$ !? $ $ " ( " !? " 5 < ` ? .< 2' " V0! 1 ( +" &$ !? '*' !?3 $ $ / ? R 8 * 3 ( (. $ !? + * 3 2 8* (. 4: :* T= " ( * ? " (0 #0 ` ? " U&$ O l mpn o npn c; V " HIH Q !" " #%$A'& lL !GI AR( ET ;>>:So *Ab) K98k?bGg^>E U: S GglK 8b;, +6*( KU* Hd j? 8i;/0 '< nM0m < * ((. o !"" R' ;>): F L F ;,+M ET0 ;D :SA K9 8p?bGg^>E U: SGg0K 8 <;-+6KBHX '? 8i; A > R ;D : Y\[ S ^ [ S] P ^^ M $ ^ ^ ^ . 2 " K*L N $-( 9 ? ! @ M ! ' O ! ! > * O : & ") P< + ( $ ( ) $ L 2 3* T 2 = N * *T 6=D;D: J= k=SE ;DH ) $ *T0 = > ,: N M 0*(' *T " IKML N Bn * 6=D;D:!= j?M? 8NGg; V ;,+6KUHd?8i;:!$ >1 ! + - 0? 0"7' $ + < , ) - + " A > '$ k=SET;>H+= j?p?8NGg; V ;-+6KBHX? 8i; = * ( 0. + + l ( $h"pk!?B=Qo0ET ;D H = Cj?p:<Kp? ^c8N GgeB; GIV AW V ;-+6F KBG ?RHX;>B? : 8i;Sl j=C! n o"? + " ' ' % ( 0 : + 0' ( 7 '0 ! . >0!?+"" l ( D o> 2 ( > $. . ' ( + ! 17' . $ " &! $ % 2 @) = k=SET;>H = j?M?8[Gg; V ;,+6KUHd?8i; >$! / /' ' 1" " ' > 2:!"' " ' $* > 0 !$ 0 + !$ ! 27 0' 0! l ( m Bo 2 2$ $ $ , , $% $ ` O L NL " 5 5 B N a 3O *T * ! MT $ T 3 $ 2 ^ S] P = ! Y\[ O MT = =L NL + MT 2 "$ D # N NL "IS $ $ "'` + *T " O 8 ^ M C( 0+ ( !$! A *T=, $ : ' . =". 3( 0 b 8& 2A a ! 2,!0* ) ' 0$ +" ! ( B +"+ $ 9 ) $. 8! : 8" $) :3 " * 2* . 5 5 H Q Q ' Q l o :>R ' ( * B8 () !<'" " ? #: " C [ (. E $ ^ ^ 0$! " 0 0 ,P $! /^ [ (. *' <) $% ( !? $ " "% ( $ "? + B > ! " - 7 $ $- 3 ' + 3' $ !? P< * " ' A! 2 > ' + $ !? $ *." " *IX/ 0'": > " ( M ^ #S ^ " ? ! % " . 2 2$ + "!=8 A $! + 3 2!<' ? " / ( 0 ( < < " %! ( ( ' ( " 2 8" . P0 )!$ > . :& ! .- B" ! 2* 0*O ? ) l o l o >5 H J ML l o * M " /:B8"?!? ".' $> +" ' ` $ $ &0'") !?@ % * X/ !<'". / " ,!8?!?$) $ B ^ ( 0 W> !3> ( !8!?& & ) ? . : 2CC-!8!?B! ! ?$a-!8!? ! ! $ & $! / / '! " " ! 2 a =! 8 "" : 2 0 2! & & -! " . ( 0 & * B" 4 = b >M T!" " 8 ? ? ! $ 6 D 2 ! P " ? :2 2 ! 0+" - 2! 8" ". > $2& 0" ' D % ( * ." U ( $! " !$9,S ( ".* 1 !$" ( * ." = ( V> 2 ,> ( ! (. B () !9 * O " : * "1 D 8"!? !$ > ' :#' 9 a : % > ( 7* T0 * $A ) [ 3)])M O * 6 U7! 8!? * - @ 3 $ ")! ' ! ( $ 2 9 f J H L l n mMn o [75 ) 7 ! Q " P l Bo R;D: L Vp;>=SE 9:c; S KML N * 0L ) [ 5 * T 2 2 2!$ I:D!8?!?V " ' - 1&8"?!?">$ ". ! $ * ( ! " " $ ' $> , 2. ` - 2 +" &' $B - /2 98 18 : !<'"/ !? " [ (. ^ a 2/! > A ! " ! @( @ ' " 2$ $ 2$ !?#" C ` ! $! ? $" $ ! E ) :7 * ' l Bo "$#&%'%)(+*-,',).&/1032+465'74829.):);9.&/).'<=4>.)?'@1,A(BC%9B97),A2D/'BA2'EFBC:9/C?1, = ?RKUE@GgK :<; iKBE G BAC= 6G ? = B X , f% " Z ' B` * 8"?!? !)") B? $ 9 l o $!) $ 0! ( ( ^ ( ^ ^ a` 0 ' 2 * ' )". ( * $ $D% 7' $ > 9V ! ( *. 5 $'$*- 2$) ! ." q zw|X~v z v!~v {t R! 2";>: > =S! E KB:S E GIA6 VO? ? BGI ARE $( ! ->$ / "! 0 ! 7 " ! 0"$ 2 '! 2 ># ! $ ;> 2/ + * :! '"' : ' " ; VD aCMHJD K*L N F 7CME $ O ^ 3S IP 9 ". * _O " 8 + $" , ( + ! -8 !$! " ):! 5 + @ $ [ $!$ 2"; : 0+ "3 $!0 $ ' ! ) .2 ?8" &+" ,$! ` "" $ ." ^ + ! . ' ) ! )' !?V l mMn o ' !?V ) ! " ) ! 2 .' !?V ! >C 7 5$ ) !?! " $ >0 > /" " 0! " $ !?D ( 'D ( ! "4*$ !?# ! (. @ " ! [ % `3 $ $ 3 . * . 0 W; 1!? ! 2!$/ 2 # + 2! ? "' ( !<'" ! "! 0 ' $ -> ( (. X 0 <0 ! * ! '!M2$ UO \ O a & S ' "<*T</ > " % 0 +" R. , $ ^ ^ ^ ^ ! - !& 0 W; !M2$ 4: + *T< " ! 2 . !$ 2 2 ! U "'7 .< 0+" # 2*.% "4 ( ". > @ ! = 2 ( - + ? " 2$", ! 2 .< 5 l >o l no l o 5 MT< !? ! 2!$ ^ *T= !? "! 2' !- 4 2$' B ; $ 7'" ! ( 1 $ )MT 2 ! ( MT $' $A ( 'B:*T= ."$ "!! .' !?6U*T0 C $ $"BX ( 1( $ A$ !? ' M T 2 ( ." = ,:B AMT > - . 1$ !? $ $ ( " !? 65 < 2 ` ?.= ' <! :MT< *T< + 1? :1 ,+ ! $.$ !? $ ' " 1 .< 2 #$ !? +" #' C O $ 2 2 E N AR * #" " ':* T<" 2S ^ ^ ).= MT< !? ! 2!$ ! 2 +" 1$ !?V l MBo * ^ IH UO \ ! " #%$A'& -' ! " :3 MT 2 ) 2b: '/! J " ! "@ 0 2*.. " Q: ' * * * M ( ^ ^ P *." \ +"* *2 . ! $ "!=8D . "". ! $ !=8 $ *T 2 $1 $! > ! >,*T 2 ( B!8< $ /!<'" C ( / ) a2 8" P ! " B 2 0 2 " " $ " $ E ` B' $&> A + V; ,$!? : 2-$"3 2* @ ' 80C , $C" *2*. "C" *2*. 9 . ( = $ / " . * 2* . J " " . , > 3 ^^^ ( O.6"."2 % *2*. ! " ' / !?D [ (. P< " $ - ! 7"# ? * +A *2*. ! $ "=! 8) `3 $ D 1 . ' + +" $ ? " 5 & ! " 2 =8/. $ 8 . * " . ; $ 3 M T $ . $ * " ' " l Q D Q D!QBD X) l5o l Uo nMm Mo KML ! / ! $ !? ( ' $ 0 ( C ! ". ( = !0* ( a " !?@ ( !0* . O " ! ? A ' & 22 ! , $ 3( 8 ( . MT"! C -MT0 $ , 2 > $ $ !? + ( !$ $ ' $ 3 T0 : A + - $"!? $ "=! 8B' ( !? . ! 2 = $ !? $) :' !? B!? $ * 1 -* / : M4 F :0$! >: " ( ( :$' " /' BA0'* !? $ ? $ !$* 2A $"!?%:0" $ ! 2' ( " ? $ + "! "& !$* ( !?3 ( C ./ ( $' ` 0'* +" O ( ' $ 0$! > ^ ( 2A 0'" 2 W; 2 !? ! . .< 2 ( ( =! 8U 3 $ #/ $" ' ! !!$' ." !? = '* & - &*! ': 2A? 1 D ( A'" ! " 2 () " 8< $ "!! C/ 0+" ", . / $' ! , ' ! : !? P< ( ' " , & " " > ( (. $ ! 8<. ? * T " $ ! " $! ? "' ` ' ( ' $ !? $:! 2 >B* T= " * + C O D ' : 2 B$ !? )' () ( @ T0 F F ." ' l hpBo 7 9:cKM^QeUGIA6V G ?C;D: l no l >o 3 l no L " C:<KM7 :^QeB GI<?AW V F $G ?R ;>: ! G ?R;>: 9:<Kp^ceBGIAWV G ?R;D: . Q ! l no ( ' $ ) [ . ." () !? !$!$"5 " D 2 ( F @ > 0 *%? $ ( Q ( O "= $ 9B ) [ : *0'" F A '* MT0! ,A : ! < ? $ , + V 0'" 0! > 9 ^ ( ^ # ' 3 $*' ()9 ! ". , $ 2 8B" * 2* . : a 2 0+" " '& " .! !? $ P Z D 7 $ ' T0 0 ! .": $ +" + $@ B > ."$! "!? $" a ." * 2 b ( $ W; ( $ $ @ < % & - ? . !" $ > + J T< $ !?Z UD I.= $ $ P< !!A " .< - 0+" " #!$ " ^ ^ 'B + ( Q ? " 23! 2$ " _ O>! ' B $ " $ ." "= ? * \.< 2 ! 9 ! D !& '+" !&*! ( 7 $2* + $" $ + !, 2 ! ( . * '" ! < $ /> " ( .< 2 $ $ ( /? 8 "!! " +", $ * 2* . ! : " T l >o l BMo / G ?R;D: 5 lm o G ?R;>: lm o q ; ; ~|Xtw| zvZz D Bm & BCMHJD f / ( - = 0 * z |tw|Xv!~ ~|dt Szwt H ? *T " * !? + ' !? 3> " 1 : ' "! + ". * : ." 2 $ < $ VBS 0 ^ < "2 ! > $ $!? $C !?C !? $! "+" < $ 2 S ? $ * .< 2 / 0 : " !B B: % & T0$!$ > 'D : $ 2*."" ! 2 2$ $ 2*." >$!$ M T< , : *aX 2$ 6: T ( *0' : T0 2 :2 2 ! $ S .! + 3>- : 2*. !$ ., > +" ." : " S < + ! _ W; ' "!$ +" * T= 5 + " . ! ^ 3 @' ' ,! > + Y\[ S] ( * 0 Y\[ S] l Bo l o P l >o 7 ) G ?C;D: G ?R;D::$" . 0 ! 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V0/ ( $ " 0! <$ * +" ( !M 0& 2 $ ( =*!$! " " 0 ! ' 2 @ $ * < ( M! 0* 2 ! ( = $ "/ () B 0 $ " ? !2143I +" !5* 3 76 8 9 / :; < ;=&> ? / @ ] ! 2! 2. ,! +" ( , * ') " < ( ! 2 $ + < , 0 ; ! ( "! " . !?! : " BA ! ! " =" ( ; !?$! " ' CA ! 2 "! " $!$ $ % ED * F 1 " > ' " " ! ( ( . ! : ) ( !$ ! ( 4 "B( A ( $' 7 7 0 $ ) /! 2 %0 2! +) " $ ! 1 3I . 3 %. " [ W $ J * " a *. $ *. " *. =8 . * J. . =8) # K L ( 8 a b G " K a" =8 ! H A M T ? $ ?* ( : ) ( [ C ! 3 ! !%#9+" + F " JY\[ S] 0'"-BS O ' ! ( O & ?1 ) ; ( $ , 2$" " 3' b 23 ) < ^ ( 2$ ( # ( *I # & - ( > $ 8 ?- $ $ + _W; $" 2$ ( ( $ $" $ 0! 0 '1 . $ " + ,*. >$! 2 + "@. 2$2 3 , $ , ! ! ? ^^ , 2 . ( V > $ ' 2< ,! " ? $ . 0 W> > ( 7 < ^ * ^ 3 N S )$! " ' ( 0 " ( !? !! C * !C aX. $" ( . /< !? ( ^ * ^ * ' > $@+ G$ " * I< $ +" / $ " : > .":! ! " 2$ $ " $ & # L8 N ( *$< . A! $! > ( > .". ."C 2$ 0 ! L8 C/! $! " > ( > ." 1 8" ( 2!?3 2 +" 2." . ;$ O 0 B( < ^ " ^^ ! " 2$ + . !$ ! - ! " " X < % ) * #% H < ^ * ^^ " ! "D 2$" ( &!! 2D$0 W> ! 0 .D $!0 $ $! a 2*. $ + ! A! + O B' + " ( : $ "!=83' ( 2!$ $ !=8 + )"0! ' D * * F -"@- ( # ' 4 #< YJ ( System with idf weighting Probabilistic factor Squared probabilistic factor Cubed probabilistic factor Squared probabilistic factor with cutoff at 5% First probabilistic factor Squared first probabilistic factor 1 Precision 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 # 0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Recall " 0 W> b2$ "! ( ' $: !=8) H% ^ /' ( C * $ 8 8 " " " + 3O $ A!$ !* D " O ' ! 3 + !D I> $6 * " 2 < ." $ "S * " ( C ! " . ) $! 2 9 ! > $! "! J . "= $ , ^ 1 ' " ( $ " `/) $ +" ( $ $ " @( # + !M 2$"$ '-&: I* " : # +" ; $ ' + d H5 0.2 ' ^ ?$2 S % * ( D! B + !7$" $ ! R 0 D * ( F +"%Y\[ S] . S 8 *" 3O ! . . >="C $ + -." 8 " DR O ' "". : 3+" &! 7 &$! " ! ,]) 0 $ 80* " V0/ !0* -J9 % > $! " "! " H $ = " * $ b^ " * 0 0 $*" ( : $ = 6 = 80 " ! " & - > 3$" $ $!) $ $" $"< 0'" ( 7* 0 "! " = 8 !?#>' V0/ 0'*%3 ( $ / * 1 ' ( !?7 / " _ O>! , ."* 9 $ $ $! / " $ ( ^ UN UN 1'! " "! + $! 2 ( ! > M ."$ >$' $ ?* C#&%'%)(+*-,',AE'E'E+465'748E$#97$#0" ' $ %1B +" 4>.'?)@1,):&.97C.&#):15C#1,10 & # &$ .)?$#)%&#)2$#97C.9,!'$ :FBA@#&" ?&%':)@9%)#1, 7 ( 7 < * p * (< <M < * <((< &I ( <p p $ $ $ $ # % $ ^ 2 U $ p * < p < ** * ( * *( * * < * p < < p $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ^ $ $ p * < <* M ( ( * M ( <Mp $ $ $ $ <MM* (< <* <<* < p $ ^^ $ $ ^ $ $ $ $ $ ^ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ p ^ $ ^ 5 < ( M < < p ( (* * *( $ $ ^ ^ $ ^ * ' ' +" ! " + " 0 _W; ! " 6O ' 3 . $' $ $ 1 4O ' ) *2*. ! !=8) [ $!$ !0* $ "". ! $ "!=8 ." ? +"%+ 2$" ( .! : " 1!$ *2*. ! "!=8# 1 @?8" !! 1 #& ."* ? ! - 2$,' $ H% ^^ ( . ( *2*. ! !=8)0 $ ) ."*. $! 2 ( &'! "! " ( ! >N ( 1 / 2 $D/!$ , (. . 3 $1 V, >( " V ( ' A A! . ? !?I' R : " + )>( " P 2 < O ' ! !? ( " - > $ \> 21 3 " @ "$ : ) , < . 1'! "! " # System with idf weighting Probabilistic factor Squared probabilistic factor Cubed probabilistic factor Squared probabilistic factor with cutoff at 5% First probabilistic factor Squared first probabilistic factor 1 0.8 Precision Precision 0.8 System with idf weighting Probabilistic factor Squared probabilistic factor Cubed probabilistic factor Squared probabilistic factor with cutoff at 5% First probabilistic factor Squared first probabilistic factor 1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.2 4 L 0.4 ?BH/GS;:G H% # 0.6 Recall ?JNNG\GD/F/LJ` ^^ ' 0.8 1 0 0.2 F : 0.4 0.6 Recall ?4;:>G / ;O?JNN_GGD/FYLJ` I* " _W; 32$ "! " ( " !=8 0.8 1 % $2 ( $* $ $ $ 0 + * " -O ! $ ." . < + : $"3" $ . / ' >' " V0/ 0'*% , 80) !? ( " $ ? ! -*. (. 'A @( ' $ V0/ ( = $ "$ V'$*. > !?%> ". B+" 1 " * $ . $ ( 2!?9 1 >' 4 8Z. $ ! = 7> % 7 " ( " ). +" 1 3 ! >%." ' *'! ' 7 "=! 83 H% " ^^ ) ( , O ! ."$b $ ?* A '! ! " 0* 2 . ' ?/ V-/ 0'* + R> $ X 2 ! 2 " ( " > * . 2>$! $ 3 >$'.! ." 2 " A 1 ' " 4! ." V-/ ( $ = $ / % 5 0 $ ? + * " -R O ' ! ' O!$ ! (. + ( Z 2* ( $,$! " ! " " / - A a " * . ) & 1 >' ' > 06 @ 80) 6 ' V-/ ! 0* % ! > @ 0'" $ , ."1 " " . ! F % A 6 & p 7 * * p < D D (* ** M5 < p * M M &I < p < M ( < p p ( * 2< ( * 2< * * *(* 5 < ** ( ((#* p ( ( 7 D W ( 2<BM MW < * * ( D5 < ( 5< (#* &I < p M p ** ( < 2< < D ( * ( ( ( << p <p ( < ( p 2 $ $ $ $ ^ $ U $ $ $ $ p ^ $ $ $ $ $ ^ ^ $ $ $ U $ $ $ $ ^ $ $ $ $ $ $ ^ " ^ $ $ $ $ _W $ $ $ $ ^ $ ^ $ ^^ p < * ( <* (( < ( ( * 2< ( <I * <p < * ( * D ( * B p $ $ $ $ $ ^ $ ^ $ $ $ ! ' '+" ! +" 0 ; ! " ( %$2 D M $ $ ( < ^ $ $ $ * * $ $ ! ( ' $ " !=8) $ ^ $ < $ $ $ ^ ^ $ p $ $ $ 2 $ $ p ^ $ $ * <* ( * ( ** <* < < *<* p $ $ $ $ $ ^ $ < ' + ! $" ": + 0 W; # ( %$2 $ ^ ^ p $ (* $ ^ $ ^ $ $ ^ (. ' % " !=8 ,"% " += 8" > ' + *. 2 !$ >,MT ( " $ " ( 2$) !3' O!$ ! ,>' $ A!$ '$A!* :. O ! ( " + " $ + 2$ ( $ "= ! 8& "$ & $ ? + + ( "= a$! ! .( !2! 2 : . < $ " ! $ ? )*." .< $ "$ + $ !=8 2$ C $ " ( $ = $ !=8 ( " ! * $ 8 "!! " ( ,!$! ! 2 " >,!$) $ . "< V S : !") ." $ ( $ "=! 8! M T /: ! * 2* . $ +. ' . $ !=8 ! - +" @ B " 0 + 2 ! - . V `-% ( 0* 0 " 2 " " . ! "=! 8 ( ! 2 + O* S !? > .1 . "=! 8 $ ,!$ > . "= @ "! />( !$ > V ( !? ' 2 >$' $ ?* . ! ' " * O2$C 2 *! "1 2 "! " ! ' " : ? $' ( ". ' _ O!$ ! @ .) + ! C ! <'" % `/ - "=! 8 - 8 + ( * * ' " ( :! $!$ 3 '- ' " -' !?# ( " 0" 3 $ ! 0 2! $ 2$/ :! 0* : ( $"! " $ ' * . @ 1 ! 0 * 4 = . , ? ! 7 . * B 8 $ ? ! V > ( " / !$ * T $! ". ' $ =! 8 ( V ' 2 8* 4> A! , R ' ) ) ; >|X~v!~ #C RA }~ > |Xv!~ H D#C"D%E S $!0 $ $! " " ( . AMT '". ( 0 + $) $ ( =?* $ $& ." '". ;* > ! ( ", () > > $ $D1!$ ( ,!$ :+ ) $ "! 2 A+ , ,!? $ . ( *." J 8" *2*. "C" += *2*. 9 -' C O2 $ 2 ( * V8 ()3 $$ !?& 2! $ "BS 'D ^ ^ F + *T0 ( ( * $ > "' "B .( * $ ' 8"B". *". + > + ) (( 0 A > !: ( !2! & !0 $! !$ " "' 1" 1 & 2* ! !$# ! J ! + + < !?B - > !-!$ A!! 2 . "."2. ( " + 2* ."* 2*."* " $!0 $ '! 3 B . 2*."00 $ * ." ? "' 0 !6. "< $ ? 'D * F !2! 0' " MT 2 2$ $ * . 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B ! !"#. 1/+2"&$ ;/3((0*4 27@(0 +, / # CB }123/ ;"$& 03 Q/ !" B ! CB / 1# $ !" B ! !";# /9 <12/3;"&$ '&9 '&"( 4(53/ ;12(O(5/SMP(0# 3;1@ ( _/3(57(5%4 ;8,<;1(*82,12"1<3&"(56/+20 /3( 3/(54%;70IK&"(//',<%+46"7H2(67 ($* @%4 ;7(5 9+3&"( / EFEs123/ ;"&r s N J N = 2"O! +} 2 gr^ a|} # v*$'(3& ,G(.='*"/'(7&$9 '&"(GMS&$;D12(@=/3( 3/(54%27 . M5MP*D/+MPH<=:#'( 26"6"(06W U #'H<@,<212(8K*$'(06= G*D(5/3H12D6''&"(O/3;"1 '&"( /1=$;75,1212(C -$ (0/'4(06WJIK&K ,1% 6%(57r6(.KM2/3/'(.526<9:(577 G,<;+H JVZ MY ;""7mM%+4$0 M KL8 D4? 96# D/ (67 M /'/3(0M (5//2 /3,<;DM5(.,G(*#*D/'(.-+H7'&D(?M+2/ :/'('/+@(04"1/'(07@(04 2 ,<; 12(.Q -+HMS&$; DM5(2 ,1@ 7; /37H2A W D2+' (.9' &D( ,52 /+2 DMP(0' &"(@ D*"(5MP(= M 7@7(0M 2 0 (0/"E2D6 3&"(<+*",>-(5/K /'(07@(04%; @@ ,<2 12(*! 0! E3 &"(</3( 3 / (54%; 7/'(. *"74+0 IK& 42(5/3H" ,G /23; 9L&"(0 M2 ,G$; /+2 =+ ,G(.=' *"/'(0,G(5+W 994' &6l (5/3(5' 7H 25 (6?6%3; -$# (.A%23 (5,G3 (06W / 9?A9(M2 DM5(5' /3%3 ( 3 &"(M ,G$; /+2 '! 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A S S 0 " /. %10 %u & w u" W w K 9L&"(0/'( /. %10 '&"( +/ 2"& 9L& mMS< & 3&"( '&8/'(07@(04 2 1 , 212( /'( '+/ @(042(06!IK& ,G.( ='*"/'8( //(5/ a(0M (5/ /2/3< , ;DM5(2A ;D 6 ;"D/ 2MS&".( =:(5/ /2/31 , 2DMP(|69 23/ (0$ 5 /:3/ ;6 2, /3( 3/ (5%4 ;57 3&"(O/'.( *"47 K9 *"768-( z "IK& L+/ 2"B L42(0/'H<M547 ( +1'&"(M 2,G"7(5,G(5 = 3&"( B ! ;E / EFE D/ (68-+ H ;47 2 6 /29/ < , ;1( /3( 3/ (5%4 ;7 8 # [ KLKL8 '& %L$& =927 G-(0(5$* '(0 IK&".( (8,.( ='*"/3*( DMP7*D6%' ( '&"((5%4 ;7$* 2 L(5(M 42(0"*( +8u 2M0MP*"3/ 2M5H%@w ;D6( -)M @(0DMPH ?u '(5(06 w 2D6 3&* &'&"(0H $& 2*"7m6&D(57 +M 2,G$ 2/'( H 2'(5< , G$- #( 6 3&"( 2,( 1 , 212(6 %3;$- #(A_$* @DE 1 3&"( 2,G( *"(0/ *( 92DB 6 3&"@ ( +;,G(O12+/ 2*"D6 '/3* '& U 7 ;/312(0/L+*",>-(5 / =J,.( ='*"/3*( 6/2/ ( -<M (5MP H 2D6 ;5- 2* 83&"(58/ 'H (3(5, MS$& ;3/ 2M '(5+/ (+*M 9*DMS& # '&"( 0' ( =9'&"( @6%(P~ 6D7*( 00A '&"' ( ,G' ( +}(P~ 3+/ M @3&"(NMS& ;3/ 2M 3(5+/ 2mM @2D' ( 1 , 212(A 3&"B ( +@,G ( ,26" 6 2 < , ;128( '&"(O6 +;- ='8( 2/ 12(0"(53/ %3( 3&"( (0 /'( @D6"(P~<69 2*"7m' 6 27 >-( * ( a*"7_IK&D*( '(,G*( #*"/3*( 69 2*"7m6 -(?$ ;/ mMP*D7 2/'7< H @,G5 2/ +2# 9/ / /3*( 2»7 +9 /'7m|6 ?$* '( JVZ MY? @ @ " g ! 4 k @ +(M +4%c# '&99(07@7'&$ 2<(54%27@*$2<-='(06<86@(0/'(0#L6+'*DMS&'#4%2/'H "1.*"(0/'H1,1212(. /L4 2/'H "112/+2*"D6''/3*3&6%3* M*;"=L-(?(.=@7HM2,G$;/3(068(54(59L&"(5*$"11'&"(.(?(5//2/3,<;DM5( ,G*( #*D/'(.5 /"/(0/L-(0DMS&",<;/3<,.*DMS&,1/'(C'&;N(0/2//',<;MP(O,G(*='*"/3(* ;/3(O"(0M5(*+2/'H 0 (B FP@=¡ C # F|¢¬D3F (¡£p D3¢zF|m (¡£p ¢¬ 8(£ YL(07@(04%;DM5(a(0(06%-$MS7O/3(51;/S6%(06 #C,<{(/ $2/2C JVZ MY H2'(0,1 KLK! A KLK9K A KL8; A 9K 02D6 4 27/3(51; /S6%(06 + -(G42(0/'H7 ,G /23; //C'&"(G(54%27@*$2E JVZ MY #+A # W [(&'&+*$|"/+25#'(+ DMP7*D6%(@' (54(5/3; 7]A%Q 7(*=2 R 9 A(3 (5$ =s /3(57(54%2 DMP(a (5(6%-$2 MS'@13&"(?(54%27@*$2N"/++M5(*+5 U !:_ 962 *D76.-(L4(5/3H ,G(ª %M 2 *",1 "1C? *$' (K/'(.; 7%*$' (5/3D/2 /J1#@ 4 "1C' &"(L/3(57(54%2 DMP(6a (5(6%-$MSA29(L&$4( + 6D6>9 H +| MS&$2 /+ M3 (5/+ 0(_9L&$%v /3(57(54%; DM5(a (0(06%-2 MSO*$' (5/3! 962 *D76?1#@ 4(2 Z # (6@ @' &D(/3(57(54%; MP(!{R*D6%1; ,G(53 A+9:( M2 '+%a (57H1=+ *",G(8' &$ *$' (5/3_ 962 *"7m6)*$' (2 7@7/3(57(54%; ,<; 12(.- B3 &"(6D/32 0 K ,12 12(. =!' &"(./'(. *"74C' ( ;= 24 42(>/'(07@(04 2 DMP(@a (5(06"-$2 MSIK&"(.*$' (; 6 ' &"(1; ,12 *D#_ "(01#%+@ 4(/3(57(54%; DM5( a(0(06%-$ MS2 /3,<; 77@H6%(0(0D6C2 "' &"((P~%(5/+@ (0DMP(' &$ 8 *$ (0/ &=| 99:3 & 3 &"(&' H(3 (5,_ *"/|(P~%(0/ ,G(5+ ' & 9 ' &"( 4 M5(Q*$' (5/3_ -$2 /'(07@H*$' (Q"(01#%+@ 4(9a (5(6%-$ MSA9L&"(0/'(.=J (5~+(5/ * (0/+ M; B 12 6M2 ' 7H ,G"/ 4( /3( 3 / (54%; 7W/3(*' *"74+K 994' & ' &D(?*$ ( =0' (57(0M ' (06"(01#%+@ 4(O/'(07@(04 2 DMP(Ca (0(06%-$ MS #2# ] +(042(0/+2 7W@ -D7@(@2' /3%3 (51= (* =s 1(5"(0/+ "1G/'(07@(04%; DM5( a (5(06"-$2 MS-$=' (06 2 3 &"(*$' (5/3K /'(07@(04%; DM5(K{R*D6%1; ,G(53<; D6' &"( ' H(3 (5, $ G *"(0/'H/3(*' $' (; /3(M 2 ,G$2 /'(6 ## [IK&) M 2 ,G$2 /2 *$2 #+ 6(*' &"( ,G"/ 4(5,G(5K -"/+2 *"1&#: -+H1' &"(O*$' ( r "(01# 42(|/'(07@(04 2 DMP(8a (5(6%-$2 MSB2 D6 & 9' &%9:Q 6+ (. (042(08,<; ( ' (5$' ( 1a (0(06-$ MS< E ,<; /32(6' ,<; 1(*9=K D(51# 42(?/3(57(54%; MP(Ca (5(6%-$2 MS') &"(07@ 4 m MP(?*$' (5/30 IK&+*$5 A 9:(>"/+2 5#' ( "(51%+@ 4(57HBa (5(6-$ MS 2 7@7A' &"(.2 E +/'(07@(04%; 8 ,12 12(.9@ ' &"(_6D/+2 0 K @ ,<; 1(*80' &"( ' H(3 (5, /3(*' $' ( /2 /03 &"(K(54%; 7*$%+4 =$a (5(6%-$ MSA=: @ -D7@(+H2' (0,1D3 &$%_ 6O = - *"D /2J "(01#%+@ 4( a(0(06%-$ MS}u?' *DMS& = KLK Fw:M*; N-(M2 ,G$; /3(068-$=' (06 5#:+@ 4(Ca (5(06"-$2 MSB "7H2 :; ; J ^ @ ` g L 744 . #1(' 54 *_1 +* 1(.1 . 54!j.*"$#&% IK&' (0M 2<6%(.'M5/-(*!86%(+7!'&D(9'(MS&"m*D(*_*(61@<3&"(82*,1'(6G-(0DMS&",<;/3 # K [A==9(07@7 #9 H!.,1+6:aH<4+6;6:63&"(5/ H2'(0,1;D66%3;-$#(.5A#2/126"6B6"642$27(5//2/3,<;DM5( ,G(*#*D/'(.5 } Retrieval systems MRML Benchmark server System knowledge Image database Performance measures Judgement groups Relevant images Relevance judgements D12*"/3(% W! 3/'*DM '*"/3( D'&"(@2*,<%'(68-(5MS&",<;/3 D12*"/3(" W &$93&"(.-=M&(3/'*M'*D/'(&-3&"(G-(0DMS&",<;/3NOzSO '(5/342(.8#83&"(GM 2,G,.*"mM%+4 7H2(0/)-(R9(0(5 '&"(}(54%;7*$%3(06 'H 2'(0,<B;D6 3&"(-(5DMS&",<2/' '(5/342(0/0 IK&"( @,<212(6+;-='(72D6 '&"( (5/ /2/3< , ;DM5(,G(.='*"/'(. ;/3(G$9L"+ ;77!'&"(H2'(5,<0<IK&"(</3(57(54%;MP(|{R*D6%1,(0+0Ar&9:(54(5/AA&$2*"7m6 =-(}+ 9L @MP( 3&"(}/3(*'52$'(*M;(.=@7H-(E2+@,15(0699:3& '&$+9L7@(6%12( M 4;77@HA9'&"( /3(57(5%4 ;MP(:{R*D6%1,(0 +L99 7@7 27 G-(?< , 6%( 4 =@7 ;-D7@( @ IK&"(1? M 3 &$%>IYQ J /3(0M5(42(* 27@7!3&"()/3(*'*"7:3 <"()9*"7m6},<;( 'MS&"(.%"1(.='H2A-(0M*;*$'(&'&"( 'H(3(5,<OM;,(0D6 E2+H/'(.*"74+ 278&$2D6"'(57(0M '(6/3(*'*"7:35IK&$C =+*",G(67NO&$2"(0.IK&D( 3(0MS&"m *"(*; /3(2/3,<;77@H(P~%"7"(06 B'&D(=M a(5/3(5MP( ;6 @ '*DMS& a/+(5D6%7H /2/3*", +M ,G$;/3( 3(0MS&"m *"(*0 AKMS&"(* "1=962 *D76,<; 2(N '(5$'( ;D6 :<M2*"7m6-(6'M42(0/'(62,G"7H-+H/'(0"/++6"*DM "1 ' H(3 (5, *2 "1&' &"(@+; ,G(C' (MS&"m *"(*9#L 6%(*3 MP/+@ -(06 :; ;>< m¡£% F @>¡ BD3¢C FP IK&"(.-(0DMS&",<;/3 @,G"7(5,G(0#3(06E=8v(5/37 2-"{R(0M IK&"(2"7H$;/3;,G('(5/3 3&$%|"(5(67-(1(8+ /3*"<3&"( -(5MS&",<;/312/'('&"(!6 B # ! ;61 B ; !" ='&"(O*"(5/3H.(0"1="(8-( (54%;7*$%3(06W $2/ "(09 < , ;12(?6+2-$='(2A'&D(|7%M2 A3&"(?*"(5/3H /5E - ! ! 9#SA PE ! B # ;6 /5E " ! ; ( '( ! #,.$* 2Q-@ 0 Benchmark Server Benchmarked system (client) MRML Client configuration Returns capabilities Initial queries for every image in query set Initial queries Return results for every query Calculate performance measures for every user and average the performance measures and generate relevance feedback (pos. and/or neg.) Feedback queries for every image in the query set Calculate performance measures for every user and average the performance measures and … Repeat the feedback steps Feedback queries Return results for every query M<Nu !$#%M&(*,+ '. 7k<I^I%'A'!H8KLB!$<A >D<&2B1'(K%,B<IJKLB(gbmn(AM8:1MIJK& + "!$#%'&)(J*'+ QC1'<Nu6CB1'(emGKC!$8^8<I^I%'A'!H8KLB!$<AC8(AMK&!$<u41M(A&%'AMA'!AM#B)1'(emn(AM8:1'IeK& +J C(&)?(@&vB<^mn((@?`K;%GKNB(gbFI%MCzB2mn(s8<A,cG#%'&)(@b^>D<&kB)1'(=mG(@AM8:1'IeKL&)eC8&!$t,B)C@+0/21'(A C(&)?(@& !$&:CzBg]dB1'( ]B1'(s8KtMKLm'!$;$!xB)!(gC <>B1'( 0+/21'!HC08:1'(@8:,Cru41'(B1'(@&rB1'(48<&&)(@8Bo%'(@&EwtMKL&:Kb,!$#I B)<smG(4(@?`K;%GKNB(gbK&(28:1'(g8:(@bw<%,B0?!HK !HC6C%'t'tn<&B(@b}KLAGbu41M(B1M(&2B1M(b'KNB:KLmMKCl(sCl(@;(g8B)(@b>D<&4(@?`K;%GKNB!$<A}!HC4K`?`K!;HKLmM;(s<AB1M(Cl(@&?(&g+ o%'(&)E^!$Ck(,(@8%,B(gbJ>D<&k(@K8:1F!IeK#(6!$AeB1M(ClB)KLAGb'KL&:bo%'(&)E^C(Bv+v/21'(&(B%'&)A'(@bJ&)(@C%';B)CKL&)( z %Mb,#IJ(@AB:Cv<> (gK8:1z %Mb,#( +r <C!xB)!?(4KLAMbJA'(@#KLB!$?(4&)(;$(?NKLAM8( >D(@(@b,mMK8:!$Cs#(A'(@&)KLB(gbd]dmMKC(@b<AB1'(gCl(J&)(;$(?NKLAM8(z %Gb,#IJ(AoB:C] C(tGKL&:KNB(@;E}>D<&=(gK8:1 z %Mb,#(+ Cl!$A'#B1'( #(A'(@&)KLB(@b &(@;(@?`KAM8(w>D((gb,mMK8: ]dKLAM<LB1M(&sCl(@&!$(@C<L>o %'(@&!$(@C!$C=( (g8%,B)(@bKLAMb B1'(^&(gCl%M;xB:CK&((?NKL;$%MKNB)(@bd+ /21'!HCJ>D(@(@b,mMK8:ClB(t98@KLA mG(&)(tn(@KLB(gb C(?(&:KL;B!$IJ(@CJB)<&(cMA'(QB1M( %M(&)E]!A <&:b,(@&B)<(?NKL;$%MKLB(}B1'( /21'(@A]K (@?`K;%GKNB(gbJ<A^B1M(6mMKC!HCv<L>nB1M(6&(@;(@?NKLAM8( (n(g8B!$?(@A'(@C)C2<L>r&)(;$(?NKLAM8(=>D((@b'mMK8:e>D<&2B1'((@?NKL;$%MKNB)(@b}ClE,ClB(IQ+ ! 4 k * `aPihcfehgjb` / a|u` iha|bdajw kr^0bh` `{|a|qfnha|bdcskve IK&"/3(5( '(5/> /3(57%3(066%3&'( 39;/3(O/'(*$@/3(06'/2/ 3&"(?-(0DMS&",<;/3<+/3*"N"/+2(5/37@H IK&"(O742 ! ! #<u//Q*D(5/3H<+#Sw-// '&"(6/+2*"(5/3H'2'(5rA '&"(>47 ( /5E ! #u?2"( //(*MS&(0/+2 v9L&),<26"(L{R*D6%1,(0+0A$2/82"7H"(@'( 84- "/3(06%( 6D"(06N6 +;- ='(|1/ *" "& 1 K$* '(06w ( /2/J(042(0/'H 1 , 212( /3(57(5%4 ;DM5({R*D6"12( M 2,.- @ %2M # 3 "1 /3(57(5%4 2DMP(!{R*D6%1,(0 67@ 47 (=D27@7 < , ;1*( :/'(0#1 2/36%(' 6 #K/'(07@(04 2 6// GMP(5/ +=@*"(5/3B H < , ;12( IK&"(.( 6D7*( 8;/3(|M5*"/'/3(5 37@< H "7 =@ '(5~ 0A"-"* :K"7 ;""(B 6 +)$* '( IE)-(?M 2 2(3(5 L99 :3j & O0SO #K9(07@A7 #:9 9 :37 & '&"( ='&"(0/ (3/'*DM '*"/3*( 6 '&"( @a3/ ;,G(569 2/3 `Ee`9^XaHbucskve krw^ `Eqf`9{|aPehl9`7w `E`Ei /a|l YL(07@(0%4 ;DM5(<a(5(6%-$2MS >1(5"(0/+'(6"a/+2, 3&"(8/3(57(54%;MP(?{R*D6"12,G(5+6D7@(.2D6 3&"('H(3(5, /'(.52( B ( =+*D,& ( 3$& % 3&"()$* '(5/?962*"7m6,12/' 27@7/'(07@(04 2 ,<;1(*|2442(07@HE;D6 ;77JE /3(57(54%; ,1212(. 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LW 8L82 8 u w # c # # c# K LW W 8 8 K K ID;-D7@(>" K! 4 (5/34 @(09 '&"(?/3*( '*"47 +6/2/ >9L&D(5$* @"113&"(O,#&$@"1=6$%+2-$='(2 I(.='*"/'( 6 6 6 6 6 @ o g @ @ g g @ no feedback feedback step 1 feedback step 2 feedback step 3 feedback step 4 1 Precision 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Recall D12*"/3(% 0.2 ! / 699:3&2*82D6N99:3&/'(07@(04 2DMP(Ca(0(06%-$MS<*$@D13&"(? ='&@D1N6$%+2-$='(2 3S @ IK&"((5//2 /3,12 DMP(,G(*# *"/3(* ID; -"7()% K 2 /'(,G(*; C M ,D7@(0,(0C3&"( (S ! 6% $2/ *$(0/0A 3&"(/ # CB "=A3&"( @,<;1(*9'&9L' 3MP/3(5(0'K,1#2 ,G/23;0J( =+*D,(C3&$% '&D(?*$(0/L74 K ,<;1(*0A$213&"( / # CB ,'&"(.(?5=+842(5/3HB,G/23;0 U @16M;,G"/4(5,G(59 (.2 MS& D'&"(6D/3263&"/3(5(O/'(07@(04%;DM5(a(0(06%-2MS'2'(0$LM2N-(@'(5(5r ^ :; ; F|D @ mB CHD C|@ @ U 7:3 &2 *"1& ' &< -(5DMS&D,12/'&$='2,?;/'2"7H-(5(0 '(*2'(6 ;D6*$'(06 //B,1212(.5A6@ 1(5"(0/+27A'&"( 3(0MS&"m*"(**$'(06M2 ;72=-( 2""7@(6 =/'('/+@(042( ;D6(54%;7*$%3('='&"(0/G6$%+E*MS& =&;*64E2/,12/3( 1(5"(0/+2 7,>*D7:+@ ,G(06D =IK&"((P~ '/32M '(06,a(.%3*"/'(.>,112&.-(6l(5/3(50AJ-D*3&"(B3(0MS&"$M*;76@a/3=2'/3*DM '*"/3( M*; (*+ (0; 77@H<-(?*$' (067=8; 77r6% MP*",G(0#3; /3( 2 M0MP(*+' (06<-+H'' &"(*@ /YA8; D6' &+*$ M; M2 +=@ 7 (042(0/+27 2 D6N4 2 /'H "1,(6" "$# #1(' U 6%*( 3MP+/ 2 =-'&D(.9:(5E- +$- ='(06-(0DMS&"< , ;/3 # 04%7;-"7(@a/+2, &¦2IK& $;1(.M +$8'&"( "/3(5/3(0*:3(*8/2/C'&"((P~%(MP*+4"'&"(G-(5DMS&",<2/' ;67@"7*D,>-(5/ -(5MS&",<;/3/'(.2*"/3M5(*0 IK&"($- #2m@ M 3(0MS&"$ 27 2=1 *( ;/3@ ( 3&"& ( +;,G1 ( =8/2C/ '&D(.-(5DMS&D,12/'6%(.'M5/-(06 %(0M+4" U }(5~;,G"7( 'H (3(5, * 2" 1 OzSO M ;N-(6 9L"7 #26"(06 %7 2 8y¸¨©ª©¬«P¯®ª®· ³ «<:|±ª ²X³µ<H±%=>¨d®;<¬·>¼ >¬©X³=¶=²d® ±¯¶:ªµ®´¬¶©¬°>:<®µX³ª©® 8 F ¨©ª©¬«P¯®ª®=°ª°ª°P±µ¬²"P ! :; ;>< $ FH@ g D12*"/3(N" W & 9 '&D(1(5"(0/+2762'/3*DM3*"/3('8'&"(-(5DMS&",<2/'IK&"(M 2,G,.*"mM%+4-( R9:(5(5 '&"( -(5DMS&D,12/''(5/342(0/&2D6 3&"(-(0DMS&",<;/32(6'H 2'(0,<G62D( OzSO J_IK&"(-(0DMS&",<;/32(6H2'(0,1 -$#2mM 27@7' H "7H"(0(06 +8+9 '&"( Y 03&"(,<;12(.97'&"(6%3;-$#(:IK&"(.(0/2//',<2DMP(?,G(*#*D/'(. 2/'( 2(5D7@H<4 2-"7@ ( =K9:(577 $2/ 3&"(<9:(5E- +$- ='(06=-(0DMS&"< , ;/3 3&"' ( < , ;1()12+/ 2*"$ 2/'1 ( // 9 .& 6D6%(5 U , H H 2'(0, M 2*"7m6 3&* >MS&".( %@;D61( #1 %6/3*( '*":7 35 9:(542(0/0A '& 9:(5E- +$- ='(06=-(5DMS&"< , 2/' ?;/1 , /'B ( /3*( '*( 2/3MS& +7 '& ; ; -<M ;7W-(5MS&"< , ;/3A &'&"(0/'( K )"(0(0' 6 )& m6%( 3&"(?12+/ 2*"B 6 3/'* 3&6 %3" / ; -<M ;7 4(53/ 22' '& QM *"7m6-(6 @(0/'(0 0 v ¡@>£pC|@D¡ ¢¬F| jDF (M; '(5( @ D@1*"/3(" 3&$%<2D7@H 3&"(%6D/3(B2'(5 3&"(M 2,G,.*"mM%+4A-3&"(M H6D12*D/+2 ='&"(-(5DMS&D,12/' 2 D6 3 &"(7=2<(3(5 ='&D(NM2,G,>*"$M*%2 ;/3(8=G62"(@AOzSO vJIK&'&"( -$#2mM<;*D12,G(5+2 3 &"(<a *"DM 2 $2744RHM 2,G$2/'(699:3& '&"(8M2,G,>*DM*%+4Ea/3;,G(09/'"'&9L D12*"/3(8% "<IK&"(<M2 H6 12*"/3%+4 " 62 D()47 J M ' (0/2? MP(2A ; D6E' &D()/'(. *"74+; /3(G6' "7 H2(06E2 ;+H 9:(5--"/+9(0/% 3 (5/93 &"((P~%(MP*+4 = 3 &"(-(5DMS&D,12 /'8' &"(0/'99 (A' &D(>M ,,.*"m M2 ' &"(@+; ,G(@= (5~+D7=@ "(6 @ + (0M 2 % :; ;f D 9 CGI Interface Benchmark start Benchmark Server Benchmarked system (client) MRML Configuration Client configuration Returns capabilities Initial queries for every image in query set Initial queries Return results for every query Calculate performance measures for every user and average the performance measures and generate relevance feedback (pos. and/or neg.) Feedback queries for every image in the query set Calculate performance measures for every user and average the performance measures and … Repeat the feedback steps Feedback queries Return results for every query Results CGI Interface Display results "!#%'&)(*'+--.voB)(tMC4<> B)1'(KL%,B)<IeKNB)(@bmG(@AM8:1'IeKL&)e>D<&2B1'(8<IJIw%'AM!$8@KNB!$<A 9!B1B)1'(cG&)ClBClB(t<L>v8<I^I%'A'!H8KLB!$<A!$A + B1M(wmn(AM8:1'IeK&}Cl(@&?(&8<AoB)K8B)C6B1'(ClE,ClB(I B)< 5 -(5DMS&D,12/' ;D6N4(5/+6D(.6'&$'&D(MS&#'(56+;-='(C4%7;-"7( ;D6'&%3&"(@H2'(0, '(.;OzSO v MG3& -3&"( M*='(2A#27@7*"(5/+@(.2/'(62"(8#@D127(@,<212(*"(0/(* u Z wP U 3(5/'&"(6D/3(K*D(5/3H2'(5rA 27@7 (5/ /2/3< , ;DM5(|,G.( ='*"/'.( 9;/3(?M ;7mMP*D7 '(0 6 /9/ '&"@( %4 =@7 ;-"7(O/'(07@(0%4 ;DM5({R*6%12,G(538;6'3&"(5H ;/3( 42(5/3;1(06 4(5 / 27@7 '&"(N/3(57(5%4 ;DM5(?{R*D6%1,G(5 +&;D6*D(5+/ @.( 5 89?AJ 2442 ( ;D6D(5#1 42(</3(57(5%4 2DMP(<a(0(06%-2MS 1(5"(0+/ '(0< 6 /2/:(542(0/'H/3(57(5%4 ;DM5(_{R*D6"12,G(5 K12+/ 2*"uC/'.( (0M 42(57HG(54(5/3H* (0/Sw ;D6)(042(0/'H)*"(5/3H2 Z ='(0< 6 3& Q12(5D(53/ %'(B 6 a(0(06%- 2MSA "(59 ( v*D(5+/ @.( L(5~%(0MP* '(06 ;6 2#1 =@' '&"((5/ /2/3< , ;DM5( ,G.( ='*"/'.( 9;/3( *M ;7mMP*"7 %3(06- ='(06 3&"(./3(57(5%4 2DMP( {R*D6%1,(0 +0A ;D6 '&"(G(5/ /2/31 , 2DMP(.,G*( ='*"/3*( C;/3 ( 4(53/ ;12(7 6 @" '&"( (0D6WvIK& 02'(0*M ;>-(:/'(0.( %'( 6 # = '(0& #r"(MP.( +;/3H2 U 03&"(K42(5/3HO(5D6A ;7#7 3&"9( 42(0+/ 212(06O(5/ /2/3< , ;DM5( ,G*( #*D/'.( 9;/3(|6 '"7 H(0 6 2 '&"(?9:(5-N-"+/ 9 (0/0 :; ; D¡ FP@>¡ C #m¡£ F IK&"( J MV M '(0/2?MP(@'&9L D@1*"/3(?" 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E 2 / ! / D/ (6 # W $ &$ 90? -((5(M 42( / /M2 ,G$; /+ "1C' &"(Q(5//2 /3,<; DM5(L9L&"(5)/3(5,1 4 "1O*"+*$ (6 ,<; 12(.? u + (M+4 "$#% wf 4' & 3 &' (0M 2 Av9:(<99@ 77K6%(5,12 (3 /+' (2Av*$ "1 2 *D/' H 2' (0, +A0' &$&2 "$; /3(5> (5//2 /3,<; DM5( M*; N-(MS&$2 "12(68,<#@ 4(57H)-+HMS& # "13 &"( ' (.(8' ( 3 *" /2 /' *"%' (07@HA!@ 2 *"//3(*' (*; /SMS&12/+2 *"rAs9:(' "7H& 42(' M5MP(.@ "' ,<; 776' *"-$' ( &8 ,<; 12(. a /+2 , 3 &"( /'(07&+ V¥C5 AM2 +=@ $@ "1 ! 6@ (5/3(5 1/ *"$ ,12 12(.> (.2 MS&IK&"(5H6= G M #3 3 &"(>1/ *"$L ,1#28= ' (5}*$ (6-+H=' &"(0/' H 2' (0,<8; 6 ; 72< /3(57%+@ 4(57H8(.=' HB *D(5/3H ' *DMS& =z' *"$' ( 3=D A 2 12(5/3" A (.; 17@(. 3 &"(' HHD r(; /3(3 &+*$v 74 ,1:3 (06994' &&' &"(L*D"(0/_(5//2 /3,12 DMP(K9:(LM; /3(*2 MS&rA-"*- 3 &"(9/2 77 99@ "1@' (0M 2 $-: 99 77D-(0M ,G(MP7(*2 /0' &$ (54(5)994' &B ' ,12 7@7 *"- (0 A#' &"(82 "$2 /'(0#_ (5//2 /3,<; DM5( M*; N-(?-5 #2' (06 e g N @ } N ( N N Q ` @ *! =£ # |¢ % (¡£p *"/6:+27W(54%;7*$28D/%MP(6%*"/3(*$"16$%+2-$='(*994'& "~%(0612/+2*""1M 22(3N*$2"1'&"( D/32 ,<;12( =D12/+2*"7= G*"(5/3HB,<;12( 2D6B3&"(?(5+@/3( (8=:/'(07@(04%;DM5({R*6%12,G(59// '&"(?*"(5/3H IK&"(?(0 /'(?6+; -=' (= ,12 12(./ /',G(6 Q D 12*"/3(% u w6; 6NID; -D7@(>" ' & 9 3 &$%3 &"(?/3(*' *"7:3Q 6) =Q 74 <42(0/'H<1# + 6A$; 74' & *"12&' &D(*$'( /3(57(54%; MP(Ca (5(6%-$2 MS6+ (*9 ,G"/ 4(C' (52 -"7H<' &"( / # CB E ' &"( D/32 0 ,12 12(.5 A)u wP8 4 "1 2 7 4(5/3; 1(_ ./'(07@(04 2 ,<; 1(* 3 &"( D/3( /'(' *"/3"(06N6+ (*K $82 *"D6' ) -$ 6W 9:(54(5/A+9(?M2 ' (5(&' &% /. %10 O 9:(577-; -5 42( Ar9L& MS&,G(*2 $C' &$ ' &"(0/'(<; /3(&@ ,<; 1(< (+O 9L&"(0/'( /'(07@(04%; C ,<; 1( 9 =K /3( 3 / (54(06B ' &"( +2 &"(01+2 "1@O 7 2 !' &"( (+J 994' &13 &"(Q962 /3(_ /3(*' *"74+J 9:(QM2 1' (5( 3 &$%62 ,( ,G(*03 &"( D/3(- ,<; 1( Q 4 *$2 7@7H84(5/3H6@ (5/3(5a /+2 , ' &D(5/ ,<; 12(.9 ' &"(2 ,(?1/ *" U (5~; ,G"7( < *"(5/3HB/ /8 ,12 12(. =' !2 /? 9L&"(5/3(' &"( D/3( ,12 12(C ' &"(O12/+2 *D<96#' &"(?-@ (57 9:(5/ %L 12& A9L&$ MS&N(0/2a (M3 7@H<&D(57(6 /3( 3 / (54 "1,2 3 &"(5/1 ,<; 12( ' &"(l (57 + 9(0/12 D6 (042(5/3; 763 &"(5/G-"*$@ 7m6 "1#<G $@ 1&# A994' & "(7 @ @ ' ' 1 1 First query step First feedback step Second feedback step Third feedback step 0.9 0.8 First query step First feedback step Second feedback step Third feedback step 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Precision Precision 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 #: ) 0.8 1 0 0.2 D@1*"/3(?" ! (S g 0.4 0.6 $5-: %) #: Recall 0.8 1 Recall ' ! / 6*$"1&'&"( D/32@,<;1( =L*"(5/3H<,1212( ;6 2,1 0(06*"(5/3HB,<;12( (82'(0 Y g g g @ % W Y6 g @ @ " W #; $ u )uz ww 2 5W # 2 # ! 2 # 1 % 0 / ! . )u w 2 9W 9W #; $ ; )u w # W2 W )u ;w # dW dW # u w # # dW dW ID;-"7(% ! v(5//2/3,<;DM5(*$"1 1 '&"( /+29@,<;1( DG1/*"#L*"(5/3HB,1212( ! /. %10 , /. %10 W $ Y6 g g ' 3&"(>-"*$@7m6"1#-(*@"1Ba/, '!2/"IK&"(0/'(/2/3(2A:2*DD6L721#M*;7+8MS&#'(@)*"(5/3H @,<;1( '&$-( 23(5/ /3(5"/3(*' (533 &"(MP7=+0 f =¡ 3 $2/L=K&4"1&)MS&( j-(*2G*"(5/3HB,<;12(O-+H<&$2D6WA"9:(O962'(06B D6'3&"( ,1212('&$Q-(.( /3(5"/3(*'(539'&D(M57#a/, *"/ H2' (5, $ Q 5= C=_ 4 (59?|(3 &* (04 2 7@*%' (6 8*"(0/'H //(54(5/3H,<;1( =s(042(5/3H<MP7=+9;6MS& ('&"( ,<; 1(|994' & 3 &"(?& 12&"(.(' )u wP 3 &"(5/3(O9(0/'( '(542(0/+27 @,<;1(*:994'& '&"( +;,G(*)u wPA3&"(5 )u] wL1# 42(C3 &"(>6%(M 22 LIK&+*$0 A2 7@7!9(?,1% 6 D(069 =9' &"('( _*"(5/3H',<;12(. /2/ 3&"(?(54%;7*$2 _A' &D(?/'(07@(04 2 DMP( ' ( 35 -; D6'' &D( @ ,<; 1( (3 2+ H(06B' &"(@+; ,G(2 D12*"/3(% uC-w ; 6NID; -D7@(>" 7@7*$2' /3%' (?&$ 9 2' /+2 "17@HB' &"(?(5//2 /3,<; DM5(C=D *"/8' H(3 (5, ,G"/+ 42(06A 27:3 &2 *"1&"3 &"(B+; ,G(< H2' (5, 99:3 &,' &"(B+; ,G(G/'(07@(04%; DM5(1' ( 3+ ; 6 3 &"(B2 ,G(G6$%+2 -$=' (# 96# *$' (06 2 /L(042(0/'H)1/ *"A+9(O&$ 4(C /3(57(54%; 9 ,12 12(C@ 3 &"( ' (0/92 "( (3 (57 a (5(6%-$2 MSA%9:(O(542(0 &$ 4(B; 4(5/3; 12(& /3(57(54%2 #@ ,<; 1(* ' &D(< ; 6, ' (0/@' &D/'(0('(3 (5$@L /'(07@(04%; DM5(1a (5(06"-$2 MS (042(5 ./3(57(54%; 9 ,12 12(. ' &"( +2 ,; /+@ "1C3 &"(9R 96 6%3@ (+! <ID; -"7( % A9(QM*; <' (5(M57@(.; /37@H 3 &$%6; 77' &D(Q(0/2/ /',<2 DMP(L,G(*# *D/'(. ,G"/ 4(C2' /+2 D127H2 )u w,12 /3(3 &$; 6 *"-"7(*92 D6B3 &"(?/3; "9 -=' (06<,G(.=' *"/'(.6@ ,G"/+ 42( *D-$(3; ; 77H2 + @ v m >¡ #! ('+m6=(.;/374(5/ 3&$% 3&"(5/3('2/'(1,1212(. @(.2MS&12/+2*",3&$%2/'()4 *$27@7H=6+2,1@7;/ a/+2, (042(0/+27 ,<;12(. '&"('+;,G()1/ *" U 7:3&2*"1& '&"(.(<,<;1(*@2/'()=*$'(06 =>*D(5/3H @,<212(*;+H+,&/'(A'&D(5H 27@79/+'(5E'&"(),G(.=' *"/'(6=*$2744RH"=:/3( 3/(54%27)(<6=O9 ; +MP* +,<2H"@,<;1(* 2D6 ( ~ ! W Y ; Y6 g (82'(0 % 0 /. 1 , /. %10 g ; %c# #2; Y6 g @ 9W @ " W # uW % # # W # # ; # 5 %10 / . )u w $2 9W ; c# ; )u w #2 LW )u ;w 2 2 w 2 2 u I 2-"7(>% v(5//2/3,<;DM5(*$@D11272+@,15(06N*"(5/3HB,<;12( u )uz ww g @ 2 N*D"(0/7@,148 ,<;1(* +)-(/3(5,14(06'a/, (*MS& '( 0'&D(6%3;-$#((@=+*",G( 3&$%2 ,<;12( /'(.;77@HN-$6 /2/'&"(*D(5/3H 2D6M2"(54(5/ -(./'('/+@(042(067 "(@!3&"(@+2/3;D 8:!3&"(,<;1( K /+2 "2(6<-(579 2D(83&@/S6A3&"(O(5/3(O6$%+2-$='(.uC9(O*$'(06 /. %10 x wPsIK&D(O*"(0/'HB'( 9= ,1212(. ; 6'3 &"( ,12 12( (3 *$ (67; /3( = MS&$; D12(06 1 1 First query step First feedback step Second feedback step Third feedback step 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Precision Precision 0.8 First query step First feedback step Second feedback step Third feedback step 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 Recall 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Recall 5- % #: $&- % :-:) D12*"/3(% 5 ! 69L&"(0/'(01 , 4 "1$- 6 @< , 212*( a/ ) , 3&"(8/3(57(54%;MP(?{R*D6"12,G(5+;D6/3(5,14 "1 -$6N12/+2*"$0 U >MS$& 2"1="1 '&>6(.=%27@7:MS&$;D12(&'&"(8/+2" @"1 = '&"(B,<;1(*@2D6"(4'&"(0/@3&"(. # CB '(5C / 3&"( +/ 2C,<;1(*C;/3(>/3( '/+(542(6WA9(GM2"2D7@H&(/2/ ;"@,G"/+42(0,(0 '&D(.,G(*#*D/'(.-$#(6 / EFEl D12*"/3()% 5 u 8 w & 9 3$& % '&D()(5 /'( ! / 67,G"/+42(06E='&D(GM5*"/342(& '7412&37@H 7: 3(06*"GIK& O< , ;2.( '&"(G(5/ /2/31 , 2DMP(7 212$ *M ; '7H-( 23(5@/ 2:7 3& 2*"1& 3&"2 ( / # CB ,G*( #*D/'.( =DI ;-"7()%$B'& 9 '$& 3&"(.(5/ /2/3< , ;DM5 ( 3&"( +/ 2 /'.( *"47 @< , ;1*( |6 m6 =|MS$& 2"12& ( % ;77 U (5~+(0M '(6W$A 3&" ( 4(53/ ;12( +/ 2"8,G.( ='*"/'.( ;' 6 3&"( u wK6 <@,G"+/ 42( @1 M 2# 37@H =9< , ;1*( L/3( 3/ (54(06 7%3@ ( ;/3( 7( 8* a/ , '&D(?(5%4 ;7$* %+4 J g *!! #! m >¡ £ > ~ IK&"(.(*#2(*2 9 H=,D/4 "1<'&D(.(5//2/3,<;DM5(@C=M 2*D/+'(@+'2D7@H&$4(''( C(.=@7H62% 1*'&$2-"7@(?1/ *"$ =D,<;12(.5 :3&7'&"( 2/3(57_&$ V¥CM2+=@"1G,12/3( '&$2 W ,<;12(.948 (.='H+ MS& (&'',127@70'*"-$'( 1/*"$93&$%O962/39:(577#/2/'*"%'(07@HAW9(68$ O&$42(M5M5(*++ ,<; +H&5' &"(@ ,<2 12(L12/+2 *D$_ M ,G,&"7H>,G(52D(061<M 4+%+4$0A2-"*:9(QM*;B27@/3(*6%H'(5(93&$%/3(5,14 "1 3&"( 9 /+2Q /3(57(54%; DM5(' ( +a / , 3 &"(>(04%; 7*$%+4 ua7(*4 @D1<*$Q994'& *"(0/'H @,<212(*@ sw27@7s7@(.26 +B. ,<#@ 4( ,G"/+ 42(5,G(0#9 (5//2 /3,<; DM5( =L M2 -(@' (5(5 QD 12*"/3(% 5 ua-w6; 6NID; -D7@(% IK&+*$0 AW9(MS&$; D12(06 ' &"(< 0 (= 2 D6}M2 $' (0*"(0#3 7@H # 9:(577 ' &"(G+*",>-(5/ = /'(07@(04%; DM5(' ( + /2 / (.2 MS& 03 &"(.*"(0/'H @ ,<2 12(* 'QIK&"(@ ,<; 1(>6+; -=' (' O MS&$; D12(06 U D673 & 994' &"2 7@7s*$@ D1<' &"( (82'(0 W " W ! % 0 /. 1 , /. %10 " dW # @ Y6 Y6 " " W u )uz ww Y W " "$## W LW 2 2 W WLW W W # 2 2 %10 / . )u w $2 9W ; c# 22 )u w #2 LW )u ;w # # # ; W ; W9W w ; ; #2# 2 u I 2-"7@(" v(0/2//',<2DMP( 9L&"(5/3(5,14 @"1-$' 6 < , ;12(.6a/, '&D(?/'(07@(04 2DMP(:{R*D6"12,G(5+0 Y Y Y (82'(0 W 9W W 9W W 9W W 9W ! W " " /. %10 2 W W ! u,)uz ww $ W /. %10 ! # %10 / . )u w ; c# W 9WLW W; )u w 2 9W 9W2 )u ;w 9W 2 ; w 29W u ID;-"7(% ! v(5/ /2/3< , ;DM5(9L&"(0N/3(51 , 4 "1.- 26N12+/ 2*" a+/ 2; , '&"(?/3(57(54%;MP(:{R*D6%1,(0+0 6 6 o @ @ @ g g (5~M8+;,G(@'H 2'(0,AD(P~M8+;,G(6%3;-$#(O994'&73&"((P~M'7H+;,G(?,G(*#*D/'(.6/2/Q(04 27@*%2r(9 &$46( 4(53/ ;1!( /3(57(54%;0@,<212(* 3&"(62 u,)u w z wA2D6 @3&"(62) u,)u] w z 2 w " 3&"( D3/ (*"(0/'H 2'(0IK&$ @,<212(*|,12/3('&$2=9L&$?9(G&$6994'& 2*"/ D/32O(04%;7*$%+4 U 7@7 (5/ /2/3< , ;DM5(|%4 27@*".( K$- =mM ;77H<6 2*"-D7@(6W + g @ 2! | >¡ ¡ ( > >¡ H #+@7K9?AJ9:(27@9 H?*$'(06'&"(N(P~2M +;,G(6+2-$='( //3&"(*D(5/+@(.5 2*(742(9(/'(0,&4( ,<;12((+2 / "127( ,1212(.!a/+2, '&"( (54%;7*$2<"/+%MP(.Qu/a/, ";D6 ]wPA4,<22(*(0$'(>/'(0,&4( 27@7 3&"(*' (?*"+*$' (06@ ,<; 1(*K M ,G"7@('(07@H<a/+2, '&"(?6+2-$='(2 2(C3&0A%9:(OM5/'(.%3( "(09 ,<;12(?6+2-$='( 9L&"(5/3(|(542(0/'H< ,<; 1(: $; /9r (5~ M3 7@H< "(O/'(07@(04 2 DMP( 12/+2 *"rvIK&$K 6+; -=' ( 9 M 23$ ,<;1( 1/ *"$K ua994' &< "(L*D(5/3H@@ ,<2 12(:(*2 MS&w 2 D613; 7= @ ,<2 12(*0 2 D6 2 /'(: MS&; "1(062 +H,1 /'( ()M; , (0(M57@(.; /37@H7 D12*"/3(" "u w;D6=I 2-"7@()%c#&3&$% 3& 21#=@ ,G"/+42(*8'&D((5//2/3,<;DM5( 2'/+2"17@HA(.(0M27@7H'&"( !" / 6"/$9+8/+2*"1&"7@HN&$27:!3&"(.4%27@*"(|IK&D(.*"(5/3H,(&2'/+2"17@H /3(06%*MP(06'; D6; 77 / # CB 2D6 / EFEr4 27@*D(*1=>*D #3(5/3(*2"127H2A#'&D(2 B ! E / !" / (3H 2 7@,1#2 (5~2 M3 7@H&3 &"(+; ,G(# -( / /'(A+9L&MS&&9-'&$3&"(M3*$;7(0/2//',<2DMP('&D(C'H(3(5, 6m6<= ,G"/ 4(2 D67' &% : 2 ,G"7H74 2 -(23 (5/O-(M2 *$ (-3 &"(1 ,<; 77(5/O6%3; -$# (5 (2 U 83 &"( B ! E / !" $2 /3,12 745 (6G-+H3 &"(O6%3; -$# (C25 (A#4K MS&; /32 M3 (5/+ 0 (* 9(07@7' &"(|/3; "-=r /3(57(54%; ,<; 1(*0 # |¢¬m£ # |¢ % ¡£p ( 89?AW9(G*$'(3&"(B+;,G(3(0MS&"$*"(<=|-( //'(-"*9:(.1(5"(0/+'(18D(59?A(042(5,,<27@7(5/ 4(5/'(6 D7(2 IK&C,G(2A9:(G6$C+;(3&"(G-(.( 12/+2 *D$5 A-"* "7H7' &"(G-(*2 )1/ *"$0 A994' & '3;70 W Z Y %6'&"( ,<;12(.5JIK&"(|"(09 25(C M /'/3(*' 52 D6 9(07@75+ M2 ,G,12 5 (* *$' (06B/2 /K(54%; 7*$2 B= 1 1 First query step First feedback step Second feedback step Third feedback step 0.9 0.8 First query step First feedback step Second feedback step Third feedback step 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Precision Precision 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 :-:) 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 :-:) Recall 0.6 0.8 1 Recall + D12*"/3(|" ! / 69L&"(08MP/3(*"1;'@+42(0/23(06 7@( 99:3&'2D7@H&'&D( 1#%61,<;12(.2D6)1/*"$!// 1/*"$ ;D6 >1/*"$0 Y Y Y 292'(0 W 9W W LW W LW W LW ! c# " W 1 % 0 /. dW W LW ,u )u z$2ww /. %10 ; ; #+ WLW W # 1 % 0 / 9W . )u w c# W WLW )u w $ 2 $ 2 $2 W $ )u ;w LW29 W w LW 9W # u DI ;-"7(>%c# v(02/ //'< , 2DMP(|9L&"(5M5/'.( %"< 1 ;7 +42(5/ '(6 7@(994'&7"7@H''&"(>(*='HB,<;12(.9;D6N(.='H<12/+2*" // 12+/ 2*" 5 g 6 6 6 o @ @ ,12,G(0# DA## [ U -( //'(A9:(G69L$ 0(06 2D6 3&"( A;6 '&D(5}9:(.M5/'(.%3(06 ,<;77(5/8,<;1( '( 3 )613&"(?(54%27@*$2 2 D12*"/3(." "ua- w ;6I 2-"7(.% W A9(M2 (0(@'&%83&8+@,G('&"(@,G"/+42(0,(08 /3(*;77H(5~3/'(0,G( 2D6 '&"(>(02/ //'< , ;MP(?M 27 27@1 , (Q-(>M 27@7(06 '(0/2a(MD +@77]A9:(?&$42(C+</'(0,G(5,>-(5/A3&$%9:(?*$'( '&"( ua|o`73 bu`Eo 9 9 4'& '&"( ua|o`%wy`EaHbdnh^X`E =K-( //'(A%9( "7H<< , 26%C( '&D(*D(5/3< H +#< +B27@4( ,.*DMS&*( =(5/ D/ , 3&"( D3/ 2:*"(5/31 H (3(5B A9:(& 42( ; 42(53/ ;1(?u ( w )u Dw '$& 2- 4( z "A*"< a+/ 2, ?,G*( 212(0/ z @' 3&"( D3/ (L(5%4 27@$* 2?u '(5(?I 2-"7(?" wf U 3(5/ 2'(5 !/3(57(5%4 2DMP( a(5(6%$- 2MS)9:(O$& 42( )u w -$#2mM 27@7H QIK&"& ( 2, ( ;""7 *( 9// 3&" ( ='&"(0/,G*( #*"/3*( 0LIK&"( u w $& 9 9'& %"7H 2 42(53/ ;1( /3(57(5%4 2# 9< , ;12.( :(0/*"(5/3H<9:(5/3( =9/2*"699 4'$& @ '&D( D+/ 2 /3*( '*"47 +0 (*M ; 27 8'(5-( 3$& %s/'(07@(0%4 ;DM5-( a(5(6%$- MS ,G"/ 4*( '&"(/'.( *"47 + 2D7@H '47 12& '7H2!IK& v*M ;?-((5~+D7 =@"(6 994'& 3&"@ ( ?M A 3$& % ;71 , #2 <"(0#1 42( a(0(06%$- MS =1 42(5 +8-( 23(5/|(P~%"7 2/3( '&D@( a*( '*"/3 ( '$ 2M5(2IK&D( a(0(06%$- MS@ !1(5"(0+/ '(@ 6 2D7@H a+/ 2, 3&"( D3/ ( 1 , 212.( !/3( 3*"/3"(0& 6 ;D6.1 , #2D=$3&"(5, ;/36( 27@/3*( 6%H?M 2/3/3(0M 37@H /3( 3/ (54(0 6 :3(5< , 5 W9:(QMS& #'( O7 2/'1(5/v+*",>-(5/ @< , 212*( !/2!/ 3&"(L12(0"(53/ %+4 =/3(57(5%4 2DMP6( a(5(6%$- MS=A '&"( /3*( '*"47 +63&"( *"- (*D(5 /3(57(5%4 ;MP( a(0(06%- 2MS< (3(5$ :99 7@71 , #2K47 2(07@HG-(0M ,G( ,.*DMS&<-( 23(5/A =6;7/'.( 26%H /3(55 2/ '(' 6 #2# [ e @ g ' @ @ g (! Hm¡ P¡ >¡ 3¢R¢m | j ! (,1@ 1&<' & " ' &$B' &D([(5/a(0M (5//2/3,12DMP( 3&$% H2'(5, M 2/3(*MS& &$=B27@/3(*6%H-(5(0 MS&@(042(6994'&73&"(?/3(*'*"7:3'&9L ;-542(2=(?,112&(0/'/#L9(M*;73;2( 'M5M *" a(5(06"-$2MS@// 292'(0 W " # % W W Y6 Y6 Y6 % # W % # W % # ! " " " 9W /. %10 #W $# u,)u z$2ww /. %10 " %$ ;W %10 / . )u w # # # W # 2 # )u w c#; c#2# # c# W c# )u ;w $ W 2 9W w ; ; # W u ID;-"7(>% W! v(0/2//',<2DMP(|9L&"(5M5/'(.%"1<;7+42(5/'(6 7@(994'&7"7@H''&"(>(*='HB,<;12(.9;D6N(.='H<12/+2*" // .12/+2*" 5 g @ @ g ,<%+4 a/, *$'(5/L721 7@(.6#K(P~%"7"(06 %(0M+4 I D/4(@'&D(4%274m64RH *"/O7@(.;/3"1 27@1#2/+:3&",AW9(GM2}*$'(&'&"(G,G( 3&%6}(5~%"7=@D(06 0+ 7*( 2/' 3&"( @,G5 2/ +2DMP( D/3(51#4$A2,<;12(/2/ '&"(K1(5"(0/+2 2*"/s*$+;12(741 D7(*0s=(KM2>(P~%(MP*3( *"(0/'" H /2/.(542(0/'E H @< , 212< ( '&"(N6 %3;$- #(A 3;2(B'&"(<+2 /3(*'*"7:+@D1 @,<212(*;D6MS&"(MS 3&"(5, /2/ /3(57(5%4 ;MP1 ( 2/O E /3(57(5%4 ;MP(2AW/3*( '(0M +@4(57H2 "+/ 2, 3&"*( '( 1 , 212.( O9(GM 2M5/'.( %'(G/3(57(5%4 ; > /3(57(5%4 ; 2D6/'(07@(04 2 $ 2E +/'(07@(04 2 D< , ;12.( J$ =@3/ !;D6$* '9( 3&"(5, *M ;7mMP*"7 %3( '&"( 6"6 42$ 27"9*( @1& "1 ?2M 23/ 0 M 2}-(G(P~%(M 3(0" 6 '$& C3& O99 @7-7 (+@77J/3*( 2MSE & ;, @,G"+/ 42(0,(0 " 3&"(G/'.( *"47 +0.IK&D((5/ /2/3< , ;DM5( ,G"/ 4(5,G(5 J9L&"(0.$* "C 1 '&"( +;,G9( ;7=1 / 4'&", /2-/ OM 7@7(0M 2 '$& v9 =v$ !2 +@1 , 5( 6 /!/ 2*"-/ 'H (3(5, *M ;(542(0}-(G-( 2'(0/ '& ;E '&"1 ( ,D/ 4(5,G(5 C/2C/ '& ?M 7@7(0M 2 +@77A '&".( < ( ;/31 ( ;/ M ;7JM D6 42$ 2D6N G/'.( ;7 6 9 2/376)7 21 D7*( K69 2*"7m68& 42( *DMS7 & G=1 % 6 @ //'< , 2B +)7@.( ;/3' a+/ 2, ` g J @ !¡ D12*"/3( % 3&"(+ ! / 6"#8=53&"( 6l(5/3(5,G( 3&%6"/'(.(0'(06GM*;)-( M ,G$;/3(06WsIK&'&90A &9 ( 3/"1&'&"(?1' ;"$2/'(0K(5//2/3,<;DM5( /3(*27@7HB5 F 1 1 First image as query image Optimized query image No bad images No bad groups New inverted file with 40 groups New inverted file with 15 groups 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Precision Precision 0.8 First image as query image Optimized query image No bad images No bad groups New inverted file with 40 groups New inverted file with 15 groups 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Recall 5- "98! # % ! D12*"/3(% 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 ! 2,G$2/2'= 3&"(6@(0/'(0Q(54%;7*$%+4,G('&%66// '&"( 0.6 Recall $ ( 98:! % ! 0.8 1 /'(076%3;-$#( U 7@7' &"(,G( '&$+6$.*(6M; ;72-(M*;77@(6 'MS&"(.%+@"1-(0M2*$'(<'&"( H2'(0,NA03&"(B3(0MS&"$*"(.2D6 a(.%'*D/'(.O*$(6 ;D6"'&"()(5//2/3,<;DM5(.,G(.='*"/'(. (3H(P~2M '7H '&D(1+;,G((<2D7@H,<22(&'&"()/3( 3/(54%27 3=' <(*#2 (5/ //92*"/9'H 2'(0,A"9(O-$#2mM27@7HB,1 0(3&"(*"(5/3H<3='</2/ 3&"(?*$'(?99:3& *"/'H 2'(0, U 7@703 &O &$@ 1&"74 12&383 &"(1@ ,G52 /+2 DMP(& D/ (0/|(5//2 /3,<; DM5(>(04 2 7@*%2,;D6=(*'(0M ;77H NM ,. ,12 D7@H 2 M0MP(0' (6 ; D6 4%=@ 7; -"7(@ ,<; 12(.M 2 77(0M+4 994' &=*"(0/'H+# ; D6/'(07@(04 2 DMP(Q{R*D6%12,G(0#3' Z Y / /@' &D(*' (B+# 0 :3 &2 *<' *DMS& ' ( u LA A wPA-:&. "(.; /37@HE@ ,G5#+2 -"7(B= M 2 ,G$2 /'(B2 +H"R 96 ' H(3 (5,<5 A%(042(09L&"(0 ' &"(0H8*$' ( ' &"(%+2 ,(u&@ ,<; 1(|M2 77@(M+4 ' *DMS& =63 &"( 2 /3(57W_&$ V¥C5 )u] w 21 /+2*"*D,>-(5/ M '(5 #@7W$=@+@"1 z 642(0/+ 2D66@4 "1 z 2 /3(57@1#4*$ (3"(06127=+ z (042(5/3H%6H<2-"{R(0M3 z$# # M =$92D6MP*"/3/'(0DMPH z$# 2 z 99,G,1@"162$26$ z 9/'60;/ (5D12/34"1 z 7;D6 =A'&D(?H+/3;,1m6 ! z 962/36!;/ 72D63M2(. z M*;D6%H8-$2MS+12/+2*DD6 ID;-"7(% )u w /2/ 3&"( ,1212(|12/+2*"6'&$92/'(O(.=@(.( )*"(0/'H g o g I} &$ 4('; 6"(*"2-*3&"(N(0/2//',<;MP(6l(5/3(5DM5(*"127(',<;12(.'( 35AID;-D7@(% 72+'&"( ,<;12(.:12/+2*"$:994'& '&D(?&@1&"(*2')u wfA%MS&$2/+M3(5/+ *@"1&;N(*#H)1/*"v=(M*; (0(|&$9 ,>*MS&(.=@(0/ 3&"(L42(0/'H?(.=' H @ ,<; 1(6'( 3!;/3(2 Z H?&4"1'&"(L(0/'( (-,&/'('&; W 12/+2*D$A4'&2*"7m6-(L5#+2-"7( +) 12( 1' *"-$' ( Q 994' &(54(5N&@ 1&"(5/')u] wf Z =' (06& 3 &2' *D6%HA#4 962 *D76-(@ 3 (5/3(*2 "1 > M5/'(.%3 ( 6 -)M5*"74R H.,G(*# *D/'( / /_(54(5/3H2 /3(57 ,<; 1( ' ( A!-"*> *"/ /23 *"$%3 (57H 3 &"(86 -<MP*"74R HE= 12/+2 *"6%(5(56@ -53 & ' &"(<=' &"(0/12/+2 *D$O "/3(*' (5@@ 2 ,<; 12(6%3; -$# (B2 D6,' &"( Z Y *$' (06W8 "7H"3 &"(' ' /3 1/ *" 2 ,1@ 7; /+:R H=-"*1; 72 ' (0/+ 12/+2 *" @ ,1 72 /4 (*92 /'( ,G /23; G ,G(*=' *"/3(C' &"(6 -<MP*"74R H'=D2 ,<; 1(OM2 77@(M+4 21 IK& KMS$& ; '(5/K6%.( 'M5/ -.( -3&"(O(5%4 ;7$* 2B =r/'( '+/ @(0%4 ;7 H 2'(5,<0 +2/2+@"1994'&B3&"(O(54%;7*$2B= '(5~ 3/ ( 3/(54%;7H2'(5,<;D6G(.([email protected]'&IYQ A=2$;721#@(.J994'&1'&D( Z Y D(57m6B2/'('&9L U /3(54 @(09 3(0MS&"m*"(*C;6,G(*='*"/3(* MP*"/3/'(0'7H*$'(06 /2/'&"(.(54%;7*$%+4 Z Y8/7@79:(06-+H"/242 //L(5%4 ;7$* %+4,G.( ='*"/'.( 6G-(?$* (6 @ @< , 212(O/'( '+/ @(0%4 ;7W$- #(6''3&"(?,G(*='*"/3(* =sIYQ U ;* +2< , %+M8-(0DMS&"< , ;/3$- ='(06 '&D("+/ 25 #'(06,G.( ='*"/'.( 2D6 '&D(M ,G,>*"mM2D/=%M 7 M $ 2'/3*DM 3(06 ;D6/3*( '*"47 +@2/'B ( '& 9L8IK&DB ( 2,< ( a3/ =2'/3*DM 3*"/3< ( @27 $* '(0E 6 < , 22& ( '&"( -(5DMS&D1 , 2/'89(0E- M5MP.( -"7@( IK&"( 6 6+E B <(5%4 ;7$* 2 4%+@4( s"/ (@6 =D @-D7@(:=1 4(5/3 @D1Q- %6%H /!/ Q-(5DMS&"< , 2/' / / Z Y? +(042(53/ ;7 D(076 (5%4 ;7$* %+4 '& %G99 @77K-7 ( # 3(5/3*( 2"1 /& / '*DMS& 2(04 27@* %2 /2/3*", ;/3( "+/ 25 #'(06 I }*"6%(5/347 " ( '&"( ,5 2/ +2DMP ( '*DMS& ; D6%(0(0D6%(5 )-(5DMS&"< , 2/'99 4'& ,2+;6 ;/S6 5(06 < , ;1( 6 +2$- ='* ( L!A DMP7*D6 "1*D(5/3" H 3=' ;6/'(07@(04 2DMP({R*D6%12,G(0# 3!-A 2(5%4 27@$* 2$* "1 '&D( /'(07 & + V¥CO6 2D(2IK& & 9 8'& %O$- ='(0" 6 2 3&"j ( +;,Gd( 2/3(57vM 277(0M +4 '&D& ( +;,G( Z YM 2 3M /'(}M 2,G"7( 3(57H6 @(5/3(5 /3*( '*"47 +0AQ6%(5(5D6 @"1 2 3&"" ( < , ;12.( 8MS& (0 /2' / '&"(6 %3;$- #(A #8*"(0/'H < , ;12.( 9;D7 6 #L/'(07@(0%4 ;DM5({R*6%12,G(5 35IK$& L- =CM 3*( 28& 9 63$& %81?;/A 4@,G5 #+2-"7( <M ,G$ ;/3( 2& H R69 'H (3(5< , -3$& %9;/3($ 6#'*( +'(0< 6 < '&"( +;,G8( < , ;12C( ( 2D6)$- #(< 6 2' '&"( +;,G( *"(0/'1 H 1 , 212.( 2D6N/'(07@(04 2DMP({R*D6%1,G(5 +0 !"$# % & -.) 0/1 * ' !( *) (!+ ,# 23"540 FL768K9 =OH bF=c8:L`9<8K6d;>AM= =@beH L`?BRT8KA>b`CD=@AMIn=@bF=fAM?F?gPTEHLGJLtAZIK9Z6hPK8KLFLFAM8KAMLF=@C@A>?O=O9ZN;MLF=aE W:M C@9ZEiWK[V[9 jJH H l kHlVIKlVlPKmnLQLFLF8K8K=O=OW^C2EiLp?FogESRTP:=@?BLU LFH PKb`?FW:EVRT?e=@AMA>PTWJLL`LF8:8K9q=XLLYLF9Z8:UKEV[V?=\ES9Z?eW]LFR^8K=X[V=OA>9<WK;>=M=_l L`8KrW^=aC 9 su ogAMPKb`W:9M[iES?gLfNvL`9MwM=aWx6db`AMCykizf{Kz|m7l I 8K=}9ZU~Aq;M=?BL`9ZLF=aCX=OW>L?B8KA s ?LF8:9ZL s = M 9MW[i=f9Zb`WeCcP M 86db`AMC s A>bFwvEVWKj s EHL`8Qb`=O9Z[MP:?B=Ob`?EiWb`=O9M[>9MIKIK[VE M 9qLFEVAMW]? 9MRTW:ES? R^M AqLF;M8:=O9ZbFL_=fRP:EV?FWD=abQ9eU~IK=aPK8:b`9<=a;v[ H EVAML`b8K=aES?A>bFWK=aAMLFL_E M 9Z9Z[v[ s b`=O9 ?FH =O?9Mb 9MM ?8QbY=O9qWvL`;EiA>EVb`W:AM9ZWK[CX9>=a? Ws Lfl=@u CDI:EVIKjM[i8E LM 9ZL`LF8KEVAMEiW:W:w~?l EVWXvbF=f=f9Z9Zb [ M 8^A>U~bF=awv8:EVWK9<j;vEV=OAMWvb ;MEVb`9ZAMWKWKWKCXAMLQ=aWU]LY= ? 9L`M8KbF=Q=W:P:=a?F=a=ObYRK?a=OTRWKL`=OA=ORKIK?OEVl WKI]A>EiWLeIKbFA>UK[V=aC@?9MW:RLFA\U]=D9ZUK[V=QL`A M b`=O9ZLF=_9@b`=|L`bFEV=a;q9M[?BLFb`P M L`PKs bF=QLF8:9ZL"ES?9MR:9ZITL`=ORL`A 8L`8K:EV?9M ITLFA8KLF=O=fM bO?BAMlXES?OCXlKIKP:[VbB=|A L`L`8K==a=O=ab`;M;qCX=a9ZbfAM[VN<P:b`LF9Z=M8:LFN=EVWKAMP:A WX?B=OAZ9Mb6RKLF9M=fIT?g:L`Lh9Z|9ZLF EVLAMs LFW^8K9M?= AZ6hRTrW]A>L`?g8KWKL`==EHL`6dPTAMLFb =:9M|6dW A>nHb ? rAZH W6~?BLFLFLF=a=O8:[VC [V== M L s L`s P:9>AQ9Z?"[]9MI~IKA>IKb`?`AM[V?FE I~MEiUK9q=a[VbFL`= LEiA>H\s W EHL`g8K=O[VEVR:W?hEVL`WXRT8K=f}=X? =OM LFbFbFEVCXW@EVU]=|RT=f6dRD=fbY? 9ZEiM CXWDbFEVLF=XU]8:=fAZEVR ? 6 EV9MWIKIKv[V=E M M 9qLFLFEVAMEVAMW Wn U:li9>z?Bs =f?FR\8KA A>s W=OR9Db`P:=O?\?F=O8K9MA b sM 8Ccb`=|P L`bFM EV8=a;qRT9MA>[£CX? H 9M?BEiLFW =aCwvWKl A s [V=ORKjM=EV?\WK=a=fRT=OR LFA¡C@9Zw>=9¢IKb`AMI~=ab`[ H s A>bFwvEVWKj ?[SF9ZEiCXU~AMIKI bY[ 8K9qH L`=nAMP:bEV?FCDH}=nI~M EiAMC@A>bFW:L`9ZRT9Mj>EiW =OLFEVM?_AM=nW:6dbFAZ?OA>N6"C¥U:bF=fPT9 9ZLQ[H¤M LF=asAbFAML`bFb`9M=f[VEi9ZR¡W¦[V[ H9MRKIKAMCXIKC@[V9ME 9ZM wMEV9q=@W§LFEVP:AM9M?FW]W:=a?R¡bQM LFL`9Z=O8KWK?B=aL`WKW?cAMLD=a9Z;qW:U~9ZRJ=[VP:[V9Z=|PKL_LFW:=RTP]=O?B?BbFA>=O=fCDb`?g?L`=xEi=OC@;qEiW9Z9ZL`[VLF=aP:=Ob`9qR£=OL`l?B=@LFEV7LFWKL@8KjJ=xEV?D9M? [iH=Oj>?`?BAM?FLFb`=a=aEHWC2L`8KLFESC@9ZU:[}9>?_?BWKP:=fAZR^W:LXRTA>L`=aWA b IKbY9 MI LF8KE M = 9M[ =OM [V9MR\?F=OAZ?O6 l M A>WLF=aWLB¤U:9>?B=fR@EiC@9MjM=b`=|L`bFEV=a;q9M[:ES?j>bFA EVWKjQP:Ix9ZW]R8:9>?9MW=aWKA>bFCXA>P:?hI~AZL`=aWLFES9Z[¨NvUKPTLpEHL ESU~?=aEV=OCDW I~EVRTAMbF=OL`W9MLFWE L}=OL`RxA@6d?BAM8KbtA LFs8K=s P:8:?F9q=LtAZ?F6 =ab`M EiA>A>WP:LF?F=a[ HWLBs¤U:AM9>b`wT?B=f?}R9MW:b`=|R LFb`s EV=a8:;q9q9Zs Lt[£RT9M[iAvj>=fAM?pb`EHWKL`AZ8KL C@s ?aNvAM6db`b`wAMl CLF9M8KW =H C@9ZIK9ZW]I:9Z[iE jMM =O9ZCXLFEVAM=aWWL9ZAZb`6©=O9MIK?}bFEV8:;q9<9q;>L`== :·ªKL`«q8K¬r=a«`bZFEV®YCXK9Mª jMM=fAM?[V[iEV=W:M RTLF=aEVAMGvW]=fR?LFM AAMEiCXC@CX9Zj>AM= WKM[ H A>[i9Z[V= b`M =LFEV³aAM®qW:¬r? 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