Making history

4
Making history
Vocabulary Verbs: Historic achievements • Verbs: Life events
Grammar Past simple affirmative (regular and irregular verbs) • could / couldn’t
Skills In a shop • Writing a biography
Vocabulary
Verbs: Historic achievements
1
2.02 Translate the verbs in the box. Then
listen and repeat.
design develop discover establish
explore fly invent paint rule study
teach win
2
Albert
Einstein
Queen
Victoria
Leonardo
da Vinci
Amelia
Earhart
Thomas
Edison
Dian
Fossey
Richard
Byrd
Ella
Fitzgerald
Alexander
Fleming
Hypatia of
Alexandria
Gustave
Eiffel
Florence
Nightingale
Look at the pictures. How many of these
people do you know?
3
2.03 Complete the sentences. Use the
names from exercise 2. Then listen and check.
Queen Victoria ruled the UK for 63 years.
1 ____ invented the electric light bulb in 1879.
2 ____ studied mountain gorillas in Africa.
3 ____ explored the Arctic and Antarctica.
4 ____ established a school for nurses in 1860.
5 ____ painted the Mona Lisa.
4
2.04 Complete the sentences. Use the past
simple verbs in the box. Then listen and check.
designed developed discovered flew
taught won
Einstein developed the Theory of Relativity.
1 Hypatia of Alexandria ____ mathematics.
2 Alexander Fleming ____ penicillin in 1928.
3 Ella Fitzgerald ____ thirteen Grammy Awards.
4 Gustave Eiffel ____ the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
5 Amelia Earhart ____ across the Atlantic Ocean.
46
Unit 4: Vocabulary
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 46
Workbook: More practice p27, Revision pp90–91
25/1/10 08:20:00
Reading
1
2.05 Read the text. How many of these
people won a Nobel Peace Prize?
Teen
Web
I’m doing a history project
about famous people who won
a Nobel Prize.
Nobel Prize winners
Bryan
Every year, the Nobel Foundation gives prizes for physics, chemistry, medicine,
literature and economics. There is also a Nobel Peace Prize for people who work
for world peace.
5
10
15
Marie Curie was a scientist from Poland.
Marie and her husband, Pierre, discovered
a new radioactive material called radium.
They won the Nobel Prize in Physics in
1903. Marie also won the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry in 1911.
Martin Luther King Junior was a civil
rights activist from Georgia, USA. He
spoke against racism and was the leader of
many peaceful protests. King won the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, four years
before his assassination.
2Are these sentences true or false?
1 The Nobel Foundation gives five different
prizes every year.
2 Marie Curie won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1911.
3 Martin Luther King was from Mississippi, USA.
4 Gabriel García Márquez won a Nobel Prize in
Literature in 1982.
5 Wangari Maathai planted trees in Poland.
More practice: Workbook page 00
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 47
Gabriel García Márquez, a writer from
Colombia, won the Nobel Prize in
Literature in 1982. His most famous novel
is One Hundred Years
of Solitude. His novel
Love in the Time of Cholera became a film
in 2007.
20
Wangari Maathai is an ecologist from
Kenya. She started a project to plant
millions of trees in her country. In 2004,
Maathai received the Nobel Peace Prize
for her work. Now people are planting
trees in many other countries too.
25
3Answer the questions.
1 What types of Nobel Prize are there?
2 How many Nobel Prizes did Marie Curie win?
3 In what year did Martin Luther King die?
4 Which novel by Gabriel García Márquez is also
a film now?
5 In what year did Wangari Maathai win her
Nobel Prize?
Extension: Workbook
Workbook:
page
More
00practice
Website
p31
Unit
unit 4:
1: Reading
47
11
25/1/10 08:20:11
Grammar
Past simple affirmative
(regular verbs)
Past simple affirmative
(irregular verbs)
1
4 Study the Language help box.
Study the Language help box.
language help
language help
Regular past simple verbs
Irregular past simple verbs
Some verbs have irregular past simple forms.
We went skateboarding in the park.
Normal
help + ed = helped
The verb be has two forms: was and were.
I / He / She / It was at the National Gallery.
You / We / They were at the Science Museum.
Final -e
like + d = liked
Final consonant + -y
carry ➔ y + ied = carried
Short vowel + consonant
plan ➔ double the consonant + ed = planned
5
2.06 Copy and complete the chart. Then
listen and repeat.
be become break buy fall get go
have leave make meet see write
2 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple
affirmative.
made had left became met fell
saw wrote got broke was / were
went bought
1Coco Chanel (create) beautiful clothes. 2Zidane (stop) playing football in 2006.
3Queen Victoria (die) when she was 81.
4Beethoven (compose) nine symphonies.
5Marie Curie (live) in Paris for many years.
6Picasso (study) at an art school in Madrid.
3 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple
1 Last night, we ____ a good film on TV.
2 The musicians ____ for two hours.
3 Kelly ____ on the Internet last night.
4 I ____ my grandparents on Sunday.
5 The students ____ their books to school.
6 James ____ at home on Friday night.
48
Base form
Past simple
be
was / were
learning to learn
Making a table is a good way to learn new
verbs. You can cover one column to test
yourself on their different forms.
6 Read the Learning to learn box. Then use the
chart in exercise 5 to test yourself on the
irregular verbs.
affirmative of the verbs in the box.
call carry chat practise stay watch
7 Write sentences. Use the past simple affirmative.
1Ian / fall / into the river.
2Mark / get / a new bike / for his birthday.
3I / leave / home / at eight o’clock.
4 The children / see / a play / at the theatre.
5 Naomi / buy / some CDs.
6 Jeff / meet / his friends / at the cinema.
Unit 4: Grammar
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Grammar
8 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple
affirmative of the irregular verbs.
could / couldn’t
10Study the table and the Language help box.
be become break go make write
1Miguel Indurain ____ many cycling records.
2The Beatles ____ famous in 1962.
3Mary Shelley ____ the novel Frankenstein. 4Marilyn Monroe ____ more than 30 films.
5 Salvador Dalí ____ to New York in 1934.
6Frida Kahlo ____ a famous Mexican painter.
Affirmative
I / You / He / She / We / They could run.
Negative
I / You / He / She / We / They couldn’t run.
Interrogative
Could I / you / he / she / we / they run?
Full form
couldn’t = could not
9Complete the text. Use the past simple
Short answers
Yes, I could. / No, I couldn’t.
Yes, they could. / No, they couldn’t.
affirmative of the regular and irregular verbs.
Leonardo da Vinci
language help
(1452–1519)
Leonardo da Vinci
(1 leave) home when
he (2 be) only fifteen
years old. He (3 go) to
Florence to study art.
He (4 work) hard and he (5 meet)
many famous painters. Leonardo
(6 learn) very quickly and he soon
(7 become) famous.
Leonardo (8 have) many other
interests too. He (9 love) science
and he (10 write) many books
about human biology. He also
(11 design) machines, bridges and
buildings. In 1503, Leonardo
(12 start) his most famous work of
art, the Mona Lisa. He (13 finish)
the painting thirteen years later and
he (14 die) in 1519.
could / couldn’t
We use could / couldn’t to talk about
abilities in the past.
I could swim when I was eight.
I couldn’t play the guitar.
11Write sentences. Use could / couldn’t.
Jodie Foster / act / when she was six. ✔
Jodie Foster could act when she was six.
1Lope de Vega / read / Latin / when he
was five. ✔
2Einstein / talk / when he was two. ✗
3Mozart / play / the violin / when he
was three. ✔
4Beyoncé / sing / when she was one. ✗
5Tiger Woods / play / golf / when he
was two. ✔
12Write questions with could. Then write short
answers about you.
extra practice
Write five sentences about famous people.
Use the past simple affirmative of regular
and irregular verbs.
Frank Gehry designed the Guggenheim
Museum in Bilbao.
When you were five …
swim?
Could you swim?
1 you / read / books?
2 you / ride / a bike?
3 you / speak / English?
4 you / play / computer games?
More practice: Workbook
Workbook:
page More
00 practice
Extension:
pp28–29,
Workbook
Grammar
page 00
Bank Website
pp72–73
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 49
Unit 4: Grammar
49
25/1/10 08:20:23
Vocabulary
Verbs: Life events
1
2.07 Match the verb phrases with the events in Mary’s life. Then listen
and repeat.
be born become a grandparent buy a house fall in love
get engaged get married go to school have a child learn to drive
leave school move house start working retire travel abroad
3
1
5
4
2
6
8
7
9
11
10
13
14
12
2 Recycle
Which of the verbs in exercise 1 are
irregular in the past simple? (See page 48.)
3
50
2.08 Listen. Which events from exercise 1
do the people talk about?
Unit 4: Vocabulary
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 50
4
rite five sentences about people in your
W
family. Use the expressions in exercise 1.
My mum was born in Valencia.
Workbook: More practice p30, Revision pp90–91
25/1/10 08:20:29
Reading
1
2.09 Read the text. How many grandchildren
and great-grandchildren have the Milfords got?
5
10
A wonderful life
ceremony, they saw a Charlie Chaplin film
at the cinema.
In February 2009, Frank and Anita Milford
made history. They celebrated their 81st
wedding anniversary and they broke the
record for the longest marriage in the UK.
Life wasn’t easy for the young couple,
especially during the Second World War.
One day, a bomb fell on their house. They
were very lucky that no one was at home at
the time.
The Milfords were born in Plymouth in
southern England, Frank in 1908 and
Anita the next year. They met at a dance
in 1926 and got married two years later.
Their wedding was very simple because they
didn’t have a lot of money. After the
15
20
Frank worked at the port in Plymouth for
many years and retired in 1968. Anita
worked at home and cared for their children,
Marie and Frank Junior. Now they’ve got
five grandchildren and seven greatgrandchildren.
Have the Milfords got any
25 advice for other married
couples? They say their
secret is having a little
argument every day.
Anita says that couples
30 also need to give and
take. ‘Be tolerant
and love one
another,’
she says.
2 Are these sentences true or false?
1 The Milfords celebrated their 80th anniversary in 2009.
2 Anita was born in Plymouth in 1908.
3 The Milfords first met at the cinema.
4 Frank and Anita got married in 1928.
5 Frank finally stopped working in 1986.
3Complete the sentences with words from the text.
1 When two people get married, they become a married ____ .
2 People who have good luck are ____ .
3 When people don’t agree, they sometimes have an ____ .
4 Every year, married people celebrate their ____ anniversary
on the day that they got married.
5 Your children’s grandchildren are your ____ .
More practice: Workbook page 00
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 51
Extension: Workbook
Workbook:
page
More
00practice
Website
p31
history link
Did you know? Many
important things happened
in 1928. Alexander Fleming
discovered penicillin and
Amelia Earhart became the
first woman pilot to fly solo
across the Atlantic Ocean. It
was also the year that Walt
Disney made the first Mickey
Mouse cartoon.
Unit 4: Reading
51
25/1/10 08:20:43
Communication
In a shop
Speaking
1
2.10 Read and listen.
Shop assistant Hello. Can I help you?
Sami Yes, please. I’m looking for a
book about Thomas Edison.
Shop assistant OK. Do you know the name of the book?
Sami It’s called Edison’s Inventions.
Shop assistant Let me check … Yes,
we’ve got one copy.
Sami How much is it?
Shop assistant It’s £5.99.
Sami That’s great. Thank you very much.
Shop assistant You’re welcome.
how do you say
2
Practise the dialogue in pairs.
3
rite a new dialogue. Use the model in
W
exercise 1 and the words in the box to help
you. Change the words in blue.
Listening
5
2.11 Listen. What do the people want to buy?
Match the pictures with the names in the box.
Nela
Kate David
2
1
A Hello. Can I help you?
B Yes, please. I’m looking for a magazine.
Unit 4: Communication
3
4
6
book CD computer game DVD magazine
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 52
Act out your dialogue.
...?
How do you say these phrases in your
language? Translate them in your notebook.
1 Can I help you?
2 I’m looking for (a book).
3 Let me check.
4 It’s (£5.99).
52
4
2.11 Listen again. How many copies has the
shop got? How much does it cost?
Number of copies
Price
Dialogue 1
Dialogue 2
Dialogue 3
Workbook: More practice p32, Pronunciation (Past simple affirmative endings) p112
25/1/10 08:20:48
Writing
Writing a biography
1
Read the biography of Alexander Graham Bell.
Alexander Graham Bell
5
10
2
Alexander Graham Bell was a scientist
and inventor.
Bell was born in Edinburgh in
Scotland in 1847. When he was a child,
he loved doing experiments. When he
was older, he became a teacher.
In 1870, Bell’s family
moved to North America
and in 1876, he
invented the world’s
first telephone. The
next year, he
established the Bell
Telephone Company.
C opy and complete the chart with information
about Alexander Graham Bell.
Introduction • scientist and inventor
Early life • 1847: born in (1) ____ , Scotland
• loved doing (2) ____
• became a (3) ____
Later life
• 1870: moved to (4) ____ ____
• 1876: invented the first (5) ____
• 1877: established the (6) ____ ____ ____
writing skills
when
We can put a time phrase with when at the
beginning of a sentence. We use it with a
comma. We can also put the phrase at the end
of a sentence without a comma.
When he was older, he became a teacher.
He became a teacher when he was older.
3Read the Writing skills box. Then write
sentences with when.
I was five years old / I could swim
When I was five years old, I could swim.
I could swim when I was five years old.
1 we were on holiday / it rained a lot
2 Julie loved drawing / she was a child
3 they got engaged / we were very happy
4Copy and complete the chart with information
about John Logie Baird. Use the words in
the box.
1888 colour England established
inventor machines studied television
Introduction • famous engineer and (1) ____
Early life • (2) ____ : born in Helensburgh, Scotland
• loved building (3) ____
• ( 4) ____ at Glasgow University
Later life
• 1 923: moved to (5) ____
• 1926: invented the black and white
(6) ____
• 1927: (7) ____ the Baird Television
Company
• 1928: invented the first (8) ____
television
5Use the writing guide to write a biography of
John Logie Baird.
Paragraph 1
John Logie Baird was …
He invented …
Paragraph 2
… was born …
When he was a child, …
When he was older, …
Paragraph 3
In (1926), …
The next year, …
More practice: Workbook page
Workbook:
00 Extension:
More practice
Workbook
p32, Writing
page 00Builder
Website
p105
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 53
Unit 4: Writing
53
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Progress check
Vocabulary
1
2Match 1–5 with a–e. 5 points
C omplete the sentences. Use the verbs in
the box. 8 points
designed developed flew painted
ruled studied taught won
1 buy
2 fall
3 leave
4 learn
5 travel
a) in love
b) school
c) to drive
d) abroad
e) a house
3Complete the verb phrases. 5 points
be get go have start
1 He ____ a plane.
1 ____ children
2 ____ to school
3 ____ engaged
4 ____ born
5 ____ working
Grammar
2 She ____ a picture.
3 He ____ clothes.
4
Rewrite the sentences in the past simple. 4 points
1 I listen to music in my bedroom.
2 Suzy and Paul chat on the Internet.
3 We practise our English in class.
4 Katherine watches TV in the evening.
5Complete the sentences. Use the past simple
affirmative of the regular verbs. 5 points
4 She ____ biology.
1
2
3
4
5
Mozart (compose) lots of operas.
Elvis (stop) making films in 1969.
Albert Einstein (play) the violin.
Frida Kahlo (live) in Mexico.
The Beatles (record) twelve albums.
6Write the past simple forms. 4 points
1 become 2 get 3 make 4 write
7Write sentences. Use the past simple affirmative.
5 points
5 He ____ a theory.
6 She ____ an award.
1
2
3
4
5
The weather / be / hot / last August.
Tom’s parents / meet / in 1984.
Anita / leave / the party / at ten o’clock.
The athlete / break / the world record.
Paul / fall / into the river.
8Write questions with could. Then write short
answers. 4 points
1 Jessica / read / when she was four? ✔
2 people / send / emails / in 1985? ✗
Total ____ / 40 points
7 He ____ literature.
54
8 She ____ her country.
Unit 4: Progress check
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 54
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Culture
1 2.12 Read the texts and match them with the
people in the pictures.
1 H
e was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in
England. He wrote more than 37 plays
for the theatre, including Romeo and
Juliet. He was an actor in many of his
plays too.
Agatha Christie
(1890–1976)
Robert Louis
Stevenson
(1850–1894)
William
Shakespeare
(1564–1616)
Beatrix Potter
(1866–1943)
Jane Austen
(1775–1817)
Sir Arthur
Conan Doyle
(1859–1930)
2 P
eople sometimes call her the ‘Queen
of Crime’ because she wrote more than
80 detective novels, such as Murder on
the Orient Express. She also wrote plays
and short stories.
3 H
e was a doctor but he wrote novels
and short stories in his free time. His
most famous character was a brilliant
detective named Sherlock Holmes.
4 S
he started writing stories for her
family and friends when she was only
fifteen years old. Later, she wrote six
romantic novels, including Emma and
Sense and Sensibility.
5 He was born in Edinburgh in Scotland.
His first novel was a story about pirates,
called Treasure Island. He also created
the characters of Doctor Jekyll and
Mr Hyde.
6 S
he wrote many children’s books, with
animal characters like Peter Rabbit
and Tom Kitten. She drew all of the
illustrations for her stories.
2 Correct the sentences.
• William Shakespeare and Agatha Christie
are the most successful authors of all
time. Billions of people have read their
work in many different languages.
•Agatha Christie also wrote romantic
novels but she used a different name for
those books. She called herself Mary
Westmacott.
More practice: Workbook page 00
4848909 Swit SB2 Book.indb 55
Extension: Workbook page 00
1 Agatha Christie was most famous for her
children’s stories.
2 Conan Doyle created Doctor Jekyll.
3 Shakespeare was born in Edinburgh.
4 Jane Austen illustrated her own books.
5 Sense and Sensibility is a mystery novel.
over to you
Who are the most important authors in your
country or region? What did they write?
Website
Unit 4: Culture
55
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