Examples of QuesTek Innovations` Application of ICME to
Transcription
Examples of QuesTek Innovations` Application of ICME to
In partnership with Examples of QuesTek Innovations’ Application of ICME to Materials Design, Development, and Rapid Qualification Jason T. Sebastian and Gregory B. Olson QuesTek Innovations LLC, Evanston, IL 60201, USA Agenda • • • • • • • QuesTek background QuesTek's ICME approach to materials design Ferrium® M54™ Ferrium® S53® Ferrium® C61™ & C64™ Castable titanium High-strength, corrosion-resistance aluminum 2 Abstract We present a broad overview of QuesTek’s Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) approach to the design, development, and rapid qualification of advanced aerospace materials (aerospace structural steels, advanced gear steels, castable titanium alloys, and high-performance aluminum alloys). QuesTek’s approach to integrated design and accelerated qualification is grounded in a system of accurate CALPHAD-based fundamental genomic databases that support predictive sciencebased parametric design of composition and processing. QuesTek’s approach exploits the inherent predictability of designed systems in linking microstructural evolution to component-level processing. 3 Background on QuesTek • • • • • • • • Founded in 1997 Based in Evanston, IL 14 employees Global leader in integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) • Aligned with President Obama’s 2011 Materials Genome Initiative • In regular conversation with the Office of Science and Technology Our Materials by Design® technology and expertise applies Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) tools and methods to design new alloys 50% faster and at 70% less cost than traditional empirical methods • Creates IP and licenses it to alloy producers, processors or OEMs • 30+ patents awarded or pending worldwide • Four computationally-designed, commercially-available steels licensed to Carpenter under evaluation from Army, Navy, Air Force and private industry: Ferrium M54, S53, C61 and C64 Leading recipient of SBIR awards in Illinois, creating key new materials for DoD • $17.7 Million in SBIR funding since 2001, with $21.6 Million reported commercialization value and growing The National Academy of Science’s 2012 “Application of Lightweighting Technology to Military Aircraft, Vessels and Vehicles” highlights QuesTek’s new high strength steels and computational design methods Designing 10+ new Fe, Al, Cu, Ni, Co, Nb, Ti, Mo and W based alloys for government and industry 4 QuesTek’s ICME approach to materials design 5 QuesTek’s Integrated Computational Materials Engineering approach 6 Computational materials design overview: Systems design charts Design material as a system to meet customer-defined performance goals e.g. this “Design Chart” for Ferrium C64 was developed under a contract resulting from U.S. Navy Solicitation Topic #N05-T006. 7 Computational materials design overview: Computational modeling and experimental tools 8 Commercializing new alloys through licensees 9 Ferrium M54 10 Ferrium M54: Superior properties, lower risk, lower cost • • VIM / VAR steel, commercially available Numerous benefits of using M54 vs. AerMet®100: Lower procurement cost Greater resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Exceeds or meets all S-basis procurement minima of AerMet100 Superior low and high cycle fatigue life More robust thermal processing Lower machining costs • • • Upgrade from 4340, 300M, Maraging 250/300, etc. AMS 6516; MMPDS A & B Basis submitted in Fall 2013 Significant US-DoD support for M54 11 M54: improved minimum properties vs. other VIM/VAR steels 4340 (AMS 6414) 300M (AMS 6419) AerMet100 (AMS 6532) Ferrium M54 (AMS 6516) S-basis Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength (ksi) 260 280 280 285 S-basis Minimum 0.2% Yield Strength (ksi) 217 230 235 240 Minimum KIC Fracture Toughness (ksi-√in) ~45* ~40* 100 100 Reported Minimum KISCC (ksi-√in) ~10 ~10 ~22 ~88 Corrosion Resistance Poor Poor Marginal Marginal * No procurement minimum M54 has higher S-basis minimums, better SCC resistance, and a lower raw material cost than AerMet 100 12 QuesTek modeling example: Ferrium M54 solidification / homogenization simulations M54 homogenization at T 1, SDAS1 M54 solidification simulation M54 homogenization at T 2, SDAS1 13 Ferrium M54 composition variation and uncertainty analysis VHN (left), Ms (right) 14 Achieving strength: Advanced characterization techniques allow for confirmation of Ferrium M54’s designed nanostructure Comparison of atom-probe tomography reconstruction (left) and transmission electron microscopy images (right) of nanoscale M2C strengthening carbides in Ferrium M54 15 Gleeble testing for forgability analysis (under N093-175 SBIR) 16 Case Study: Ferrium M54 for T-45 hookshanks Navy Contract # N68335-10-C-0174 • • • • • Incumbent alloy (Hy-Tuf) was underperforming in service New Ferrium M54 selected for evaluation under SBIR Ph II Three prototypes nearing completion, rig testing scheduled for late July 2013 Project Recipient of NAWCAD Commander’s Award (November 2012) Has been approved in FY14 budget to produce replacements using M54 17 Ferrium S53 18 Ferrium S53 - Summary • • • • • Ultra High-Strength, Corrosion Resistant Steel Replace 4340/300M/Maraging Series where similar strength is needed but components are corroding; eliminate Cad usage Replace 440C where greater toughness / ductility is required Corrosion rate of 0.33 mpy, vs. 0.26 for 15-5 PH and 7.0 for 300M In landing gear flight service today without cadmium plating Typical Alloy YS (ksi) Properties UTS (ksi) El (%) RA % Fracture Toughness (ksi-in) Corrosion Resistance 300M 245 288 9 31 65 Poor 4340 222 276 11 35 50 Poor Maraging 250 250 265 12 55 92 Poor 440C 275 285 2 10 15 Good Ferrium S53 225 288 15 57 65 Good 19 Successful 18-Month Duration S53 Landing Gear Field Service Evaluation Completed No cadmium, only prime-and-paint, aircraft based at NASA's Johnson Space Center (Gulf Coast). S53 (Cad free; prime and paint only) performed as well or better vs. 4340 (Cad-plated, prime and painted). Continue to evaluate performance, ongoing service evaluation. Documented results very positive, subjected to 307 sorties, 541 landings, 44 total tire changes – No defects or rust found. 20 Accelerated Insertion of Materials (AIM) Application Example: Ferrium S53 Customer Requirement: AMS and MMPDS; 280 ksi UTS A-basis minimum Initial Data Development Modified Data Development Heat Treatment Optimized for 1 Melt Applied Heat Treatment to 3 Melts Predicted Minimum ~277 ksi UTS Heat Treatment Optimized for 3 Melts Strength-Toughness Tradeoff Predicted Minimum = 280 ksi UTS Modified Heat Treatment 21 Accelerated Insertion of Materials (AIM) Application Example: Ferrium S53 Predicted A-basis minimum = 280 ksi UTS • • • A-basis minimum: 280 ksi UTS AIM methodology has demonstrated reliable predictions for design minimums Allows designers to apply design models to estimate property variation prior to full design allowable development Reduces costs and risks of material design and development 22 Ferrium S53 and M54 23 Ferrium C61 & C64 24 Ferrium C61 & C64 High Performance Carburizing Steels Upgrade from 9310 or Pyrowear 53 C61 (AMS 6517): 60-62 HRC case, high-strength & high-toughness core C64 (AMS 6509): 62-64 HRC case, high-strength core For gears, shafts, integrally-geared shafts, pins, ball screws, etc. Designed for vacuum carburization High tempering temperature →greater temperature resistance Greater corrosion resistance than incumbent alloys Commercially Available 25 C61 and C64 - Designed for vacuum carburization to reduce manufacturing costs 9310 processing from: “Effect of Shot Peening on Surface Fatigue Life of Carburized and Hardened AISI 9310 Spur Gears”, The Shot Peener, Fall 2002 • • • Higher temperatures, shorter process times for Ferrium steels Austenitizing occurs during carburization of Ferrium steels Eliminate 3 thermal steps and associated plating/stripping 26 Validate critical design factors (core) • Validate core nano-scale carbide dispersion: Local Electron Atom Probe analysis – M2C nanoscale strengthening carbides 65 x 65 x 35 nm3 dimensions C surfaces Cr surfaces 27 Ferrium C64 – design for avoidance of topologically closedpacked (TCP) phase stability 28 Castable titanium 29 QuesTek titanium alloy highlights • Castable titanium Near-net-shape processing Three new QuesTek alloys (QT-Ti-1A, QT-Ti-2A, QT-Ti-2B) • Better strength-ductility than cast Ti-6-4 A higher-performance replacement for existing Ti-6-4 castings • Similar strength-ductility to wrought Ti-6-4 Castable (lower cost) replacement for existing Ti-6-4 forgings • Lower cost Reduced vanadium (relative to Ti-6-4) Tolerance to oxygen Can incorporate Ti-6-4 scrap into melting stock 30 Titanium system design chart PROCESSING Cooling rate Heat treatment (super-solvus) HIP (sub-solvus) STRUCTURE PROPERTIES α/β substructure • Interlocking basketweave • Retained β Strength Grain features • Minimize α film • Avoid equiaxed α Ductility/ Toughness Cast Grain size Raw Material Porosity 31 Key design feature vs. Ti-64: refined, interlocking α/β microstructure QT-Ti-1A Interlocking, finer α laths QT-Ti-6-4 Both alloys after vacuum heat treatment and gas quench (~1-2 °C/sec.) Parallel α laths Comparison microstructures are shown at equivalent magnifications 32 Strength – Elongation Comparison QuesTek’s cast alloy has higher strength and ductility than cast Ti-6-4 33 From buttons to wedges to ingots to components … in three years 34 High-strength, corrosionresistance aluminum 35 QuesTek’s high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys • ICME-based modeling and design has considered a number of important factors, including Solidification Homogenization Precipitation kinetics Strength Stress corrosion cracking Quench sensitivity 36 QuesTek envisions working with entities that are interested in advanced materials on a number of potential projects including: • • • • Process modeling for optimized properties Compositional adjustment of existing materials for improved strength / toughness / fatigue performance / corrosion resistance Design and development of new / innovative materials Purchasing / licensing / manufacturing of QuesTek’s proprietary high-performance alloys Jason Sebastian, Ph.D. Manager of Technology and Product Development QuesTek Innovations LLC Evanston, IL USA 847.425.8227, [email protected] www.questek.com 37 Acknowledgements QuesTek acknowledges support under US Navy contracts N68335-07-C-0302, N68335-08-C-0288, N68335-11-C-0369, N00014-05-M-0250, N68335-11-C-0079, and N68335-06-C-0339; US Army contracts W15QKN-09-C-0026 and W15QKN-09-C0144; and Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) / US Navy contracts N00014-09-M-0400 and N00014-11-C-0080. 38
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