Rheinmetall Waffe Munition

Transcription

Rheinmetall Waffe Munition
Insensitive Booster Charges
Dr. Paul Wanninger
1
History
Comp A3
TNT pressed
RDX / WAX
PETN / WAX
Not temperature
resistent
Tetryl
Toxicity
Compatibility Problems at
higher temperatures
Not IM
Wanninger/Insensitive Booster charges
2
Mechanical Properties
Sample
Tensile Strength
[MPa]
Elongation
[%]
RDX / Wax
95/5
1,13
0,04
RDX / TNT
80/20
1,43
0,02
HMX / HTPB
85/15
0,5
30
3
Formulation
Young‘s modulus
[N/mm2]
Hardness *
[N/mm2]
LX14
770
55,2
PBX N5
550
39,1
P31
170
18,6
* ball thrust hardness
4
Pressed Booster Charges
Requirements:
- Insensitive Charge
- Initiation Level
21 mm GAP – Test > 25 kbar
Binder
Booster Charge
-Temperature resistent
- Homogeneous
- > 120° C
- Temperature change resistance
- Phlegmatising
- No irreversible growth
- Low Young‘s modulus
- Compacting at low temperature
- No glass transition point between
- Low cost
- 46° C
+ 71° C
- Logistics
5
Formulations
Pressed
Cast Cured
PBX N3
HMX / Binder
B 2238
RDX / Binder
PBX N5
HMX / Binder
Rh B3
HMX / Binder
PBX W11 HMX / Binder
Rh B5
HMX / Binder
KS 63
KS 32
HMX / Binder
HNS / Binder
6
HE Charges
Raw materials
Process
Melt cast
Cast PBX
Pressed PBX
TNT, RDX
HMX, NTO
RDX, HMX, …
+ Polymersystem
RDX, HMX
+ Thermoplaste
Melting
Mixing under
Vacuum
Casting under
Vacuum
Chemical reaction
Polyaddition
HE + Binder +
Solvent
¾ Granules
¾Dosing
¾Pressing ~
¾2000 – 2500 bar
Casting
Controlled
Cooled
Shrinking 11 % of
the volume
TMD
98 %
99,5 %
97 – 98 %
Density gradient
High
No
Yes, Depending
Vulnerability
High
Very low
Middle
Homogeneity
Low
High
Middle
7
HE Charges Properties
Melting point
Melt cast
Cast PBX
Pressed PBX
Melting
70 – 80° C
Decomposition
~ 180° C
Decomposition
~ 180° C
300 [N/mm2]
0,02 [%]
0,5 - 2 [N/mm2]
10 – 20 [%]
10 – 50 [N/mm2]
0,04 – 2 [%]
> 1000 [N/mm2]
10 – 15 [N/mm2]
200 – 800 [N/mm2]
10-5 [K1]
10-4 [K1]
5 • 10-5 [K-1]
10 – 16 [Kbar]
30 – 60 [Kbar]
17 – 26 [Kbar]
Tensile strentgh
Elongation
Young‘s modulus
Coeffizient of
Thermal expansion
Shock sensitivity
Gap Test (21 mm)
8
Pressed Booster Charges
Formulations
94%
6%
HNS
RDX
HMX
HMX + TATB
KS 63
PBX W17
PBX N5
V 350
HNS
PU
94 %
2%
4%
HMX
HyTemp
DOA
95 %
5%
HMX
Viton A
47 %
47 %
6%
HMX
TATB
PU
9
Preparation of Explosives
Grain
GrainSize
Size
Crystallisation
Crystallisation
Grain
GrainDistribution
Distribution
Blending
Blending
Grain
GrainShape
Shape
Grinding
Grinding
Grain
GrainSurface
Surface
Coating
Coating
10
Determining Parameters
11
Specific Surface vs Grain Size HMX
12
Reference
Preparation
method
Origin
HNS „ANM1“
Recristallized in nitric
acid and grinded
France
SNPE
Rounded
Specific area
4 – 6 m2/g
HNS „ANM1“
„Fine“
„Ultimatie“ grinding
of HNS ANM1
France
SNPE
Rounded
Specific area
14 m2/g
HNS IV
(Specification
WS 32 972 A)
Recristallized in
Diméthylformamide
USA
Aspect
Grain shape
Flat needle shape
Specific area
11 m2/g
13
Water Temperature VS Bet Surface Area
Reverse Addition
The surface area of HNS is
increased as the water temperature is decreased in the case
of reverse addition
14
TATB
15
Initiation Criterias
-Grain size
Run distance
- Mechanical properties
Critical diameter
- Defects
Hot Spots
- Confinement
Energy output
V2 • d criteria
Prof. M. Held
16
Initiation
Shock Wave
Direct
Flying plate
Shaped Charge
Cheap
Effective
Expensive
17
GAP - Test 21 mm
According to WIWEB
X
variable
Donor
RDX / Wax
H2O
2 mm
Plexiglass
Acceptor
21
mm
18
GAP – Test
Shock pressure versus gap height
19
IHE GAP – Test
100
90
80
[kbar]
70
60
Detonation
50
Go / No go
40
No reaction
30
20
10
0
Rh 26
Ø 21 mm
Rh 26
Ø 50 mm
Rh 26/2
Ø 21 mm
20
GAP – Test 50 mm Ø
45
35
25
Main charge
Booster charge
21
Grain Size Distribution
Rh B 3
Coarse/fine HMX
3:1
Rh B 5
Coarse/fine HMX
2:1
Formulation:
88 % of solid
12 % Binder system
22
155 mm HE – RH 30, Initiability of Rh 26
Charge
Booster RHB-3
(93 g)
Charge Rh 26
(1,3 kg)
Witness
plate
23
155 mm HE – RH 30, Initiability
x
Fuze
Booster
Rh B3
y
Charge
Rh 26
at - 54° C
X max 19 mm
Y max 16 mm
Safe Initiation
24
Ammunition 155 mm HE – RH 30
Fuze
Booster Rh83
Charge Cast PBX Rh26
25
Fuze
Booster RH B3
Charge RH 26
Base bleed
26
Insensitivität
Fast-Cook-Off-Test
Fuel-Fire Test
STANAG 4240
STANAG 4439/MIL-STD-2105B:
TYPE V : RQMT „not beyond 15
meters“
27
Two guns
28
Bullet Attack
No reaction
29
Vulnerability
Influence of Formulation
Binder
HE
Ingredients
Type
Type
Plasticizer
Aging
Grain size
Antioxidans
Oxidation
Grain Shape
Catalyst
Exsudation
Specific Surface
Bonding agent
Coating behaviour
Purity
Coating agent
Mechanical Properties Mechanical Properties
Chemical stability
30
Vulnerability
Fuel fire
Pressed
Melt cast
Cracking and Detonating
Depends on Size
Booster melts rather
than detonate when
heated
(MK 38)
Insensitive
Boosters PBX
Burning
Ablation
31
Insensitive Booster
Advantage + / Disadvantage Pressed
Cast cured
Production
++
+
Vulnerability
+
+++
Compatibility
++
++
Coeffizient of Thermal
expansion
++
+
+ (---)
++
-
+
Cost
Demilitarisation
32

Rheinmetall Waffe Munition

Transcription

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