Infographics pocket guide

THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
ABOUT US
OUR MEMBERS
NUCLEAR INDUSTRY IN THE EU
COMPETITIVENESS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLY
INFO
NUCLEAR AND CLIMATE CHANGE
GRAPHICS
NUCLEAR INDUSTRY WASTE
NUCLEAR AND HEALTH
EUROPE-WIDE JOBS MAP
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
October 2016
www.foratom.org
INFO
GRAPHICS
ABOUT US
What we do
Who we are
FORATOM is the Brussels-based trade association for the nuclear
energy industry in Europe. FORATOM acts as the voice of the
European nuclear industry in energy policy discussions with
EU Institutions and other key stakeholders. The membership
of FORATOM is made up of 16 national nuclear associations
representing nearly 800 firms.
Provide information and expertise on the role of nuclear energy;
produce position papers, newsfeeds, responses to public
consultations, analyses of public opinion; organise regular
networking events like dinner debates, workshops, one-on-one
meetings, press briefings and visits to nuclear facilities.
Key topics we are dealing with
Nuclear forums at EU and international level
Security of energy supply, competitiveness, economics of nuclear,
nuclear safety, nuclear liability, radioactive waste, decommissioning,
nuclear transport, environment, new projects, R&D , energy mix,
non-proliferation, public opinion, EURATOM treaty, emergency
preparedness.
FORATOM is represented at a number of key nuclear-related forums
including the European Nuclear Energy Forum (ENEF), European
Nuclear Safety Regulators’ Group (ENSREG), Sustainable Nuclear
Energy Technology Platform (SNETP), European Nuclear Society
(ENS), European Human Resources Observatory for Nuclear
(EHRON), Implementing Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
Technology Platform (IGDTP), MEP Forum for the Future of Nuclear
Energy, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), OECD/Nuclear
Energy Agency (NEA).
OUR MEMBERS
Bulgarian Atomic Forum
[email protected]
www.bulatom-bg.org
Belgian Nuclear Forum
[email protected]
www.nuclearforum.be
Nuclear Industry Association
[email protected]
www.niauk.org
Romanian Atomic Forum
[email protected]
www.nuclearelectrica.ro
Dutch Atomic Forum
[email protected]
www.nrg.eu (c/o)
Slovak Nuclear Forum
[email protected]
www.sjforum.sk
Finnish Energy Industries
[email protected]
www.energia.fi
French Atomic Forum
[email protected]
www.sfen.org
16 European
MEMBERS
Spanish Nuclear Industry Forum
[email protected]
www.foronuclear.org
German Atomic Forum
[email protected]
www.kernenergie.de
Swedish Atomic Forum
[email protected]
www.svenskenergi.se
Hungarian Nuclear Forum
[email protected]
www.atomforum.hu
Italian Nuclear Association
[email protected]
www.associazioneitaliananucleare.it
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
Slovenian Nuclear Forum
[email protected]
www.gen-energija.si
Ukrainian Nuclear Forum Association
[email protected]
www.atomforum.org.ua
October 2016
Swiss Nuclear Forum
[email protected]
www.nuklearforum.ch
CEZ (Czech Republic) and PGE (Poland) are Corporate Members
www.foratom.org
1
NUCLEAR INDUSTRY IN THE EU
Generating 27 % of EU’s electricity
Gross electricity generation by fuel- 2013-EU 27
27%
Coal
27%
Nuclear
fossil fuels
low-carbon energies
2%
Oil
27%
17%
Renewables
Gas
Source: EUROSTAT, 2015
…in 14 countries with 129 nuclear reactors
76%
France
56%
Slovakia
53%
Hungary
38%
Slovenia
38%
Belgium
34%
Sweden
34%
Finland
32%
Czech Republic
31%
Bulgaria
20%
Spain
19%
UK
17%
Romania
14%
Germany
4%
129
The Netherlands
Source: IAEA, PRIS, 2016
Contributing to EU energy policy goals
14
Security of Supply
Competitiveness
Environmental Sustainability
The political choice of
BELGIUM
LITHUANIA
BULGARIA
POLAND
CZECH REPUBLIC
UNITED KINGDOM
FINLAND
SPAIN
FRANCE
SLOVENIA
50%
of low-carbon
electricity
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
over
EU members states
HUNGARY
SLOVAKIA
Turnover of
€ 70
billion/year
23
Planned
BULGARIA CZECH REPUBLIC
FINLAND HUNGARY POLAND
nuclear
reactors
4
ROMANIA SLOVENIA
UNITED KINGDOM
Under construction
FINLAND FRANCE SLOVAKIA
nuclear
reactors
THE NETHERLANDS
ROMANIA
EU member states that either have nuclear new build plans; or have
decided to extend the operational duration of reactors.
October 2016
Source: FORATOM
www.foratom.org
2
COMPETITIVENESS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Providing a reliable energy source...
Energy performance*
Nuclear
produces electricity
at full power
90%
50%
40%
30%
20%
NUCLEAR
COAL
HYDRO
WIND
SOLAR
85 to 90%
of the time thus
enhancing
security of supply
% of rated capacity factor
*
Source:NEI, 2012
...at prices you can afford
Thus boosting Europe’s competitiveness
143
19,7C€/kWh
14,5 C€/kWh
23 C€/kWh
116
89
PRICE
COST
89
71
71
24
European Union
€/MWh*
Nuclear Nuclear
with LTO**
Coal
Gas
Onshore
wind
Solar
Offshore
wind
27%
France
Italy
73%
0%
*at a 7% discount rate - **Long-term operation
Source:Projected Costs of Generating Electricity, IEA and OECD/NEA, 2015
Source:Eurostat, November 2013
Creating the jobs that drive growth and prosperity
The construction of one
new reactor (EPR) in
the EU generates up to
European nuclear
industry supports
12,000
800,000 jobs
jobs in total
60
JOBS
years
Operation of a
nuclear reactor
provides highly
-skilled jobs for
two generations
of workers
Source:PwC and ENEF
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
October 2016
www.foratom.org
3
SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLY
Harnessing abundant natural resources from stable countries
300
Identified
resources
of uranium are
sufficient to support
continued use and
significant growth of
nuclear for well over
New reactor
designs and
recycling fuel could
increase this to
thousands of years.
Additional
exploitable
resources would
extend this to
well over
200
100
300 years
120 years
Source: Uranium 2014: Resources, production and demand, IAEA
Who supplies uranium to the EU?
2%
Other
18%
12,6%
Russia
Canada
2,7%
Uranium resources
are available from
a diversity of
suppliers
Kazakhstan
Europe
4%
26,7%
2,7%
USA
14,7%
Uzbekistan
Ukraine
13,5%
Niger
Australia
3,1%
South Africa
Namibia
Malawi
Source: EURATOM suply agency, 2016
Providing an independent source of energy at a stable price
Quantity of fuel necessary to produce a given
amount of electricity
The cost of nuclear power is less vulnerable to
fuel price fluctuations
(base 100)
3
+60%
150
7g
uranium
fuel
pellet
oil
1 ton
125
100
500 m3
50
25
CO2 price x2
0
Base case
Source: American Nuclear Society
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
+6%
Impact of a
doubling of fuel
and carbon price
on electricity
production costs
for nuclear, coal
and gas
75
coal
gas
+70%
175
barrels
Fuel Price x2
Source: AREVA, 2014
October 2016
www.foratom.org
AT
O
F OR
NUCLEAR AND CLIMATE CHANGE
olved in th
inv
is
is
in
ve
ati
iti
4
M
Generating half of Europe’s low-carbon electricity
Nuclear share in low-carbon electricity by country
50%
85%
Hungary
81%
France
of low-carbon electricity
77%
Belgium
Czech Republic
75%
70%
Slovakia
65%
Bulgaria
UK
56%
Slovenia
50%
Finland
48%
45%
Sweden
Germany
38%
Romania
36%
Spain
33%
The Netherlands
19%
Source:Eurostat, 2015
Contributing to the fight against climate change by avoiding CO2 emissions
The amount of CO2 emitted by nuclear energy is comparable to that of renewables.
Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions CO2 eq/kWh
The
amount of
emissions of CO2eq
that nuclear avoids is
almost equivalent to that
from road transport in France,
Germany, UK, Italy, Spain and
Poland.
48
Solar PV
490
27
Gas
Solar CSP*
CO2
820
Coal
24
Hydro
12
Wind
12
*Concentrated Solar Power
Nuclear
Source: IPCC, 2014
Source: Eurostat, 2014
Helping EU Member States meet their CO2 reduction target
CO2 produced Mt*/TWh
3,15
1,35
1,27
0,68
0,32
Luxembourg
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Sweden
1,21
European Union
Nuclear share of electricity
0%
15%
36%
73%
Including emissions from transport,industry,agriculture etc.
43%
27%
*
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
Source: Eurostat 2014
October 2016
www.foratom.org
5
NUCLEAR INDUSTRY WASTE
Producing a very small quantity of waste
Production per
/ Year*
Radioactive waste
Total waste
90%
1,36 tonne
Hazardous waste
Short-lived waste*
10%
Radioactive waste **
54 kg
Long-lived waste*
54 g
*These figures were calculated by dividing the total amount of waste produced globally by
the world population (7.35 billion, July 2015, UN estimation).
**It only includes radioactive waste from nuclear power plants and their fuel cycle support facilities
(excluding mining and extraction wastes).
*short-lived waste: its radioactivity will decrease by a factor of 2 every 30 years;
long-lived waste: its radioactivity will decrease but over a much longer duration
Source: OECD/NEA
…compared to the energy it produces and compared to fossil fuels
Tonnes of waste generated/1000 MW
power station every year
Quantity of fuel necessary to produce a given
amount of electricity
477 litres
NUCLEAR
7g
uranium
fuel
pellet
27
1 ton
3 barrels
(tonnes of radioactive
waste)
3.7 million
COAL
400,000
(tonnes of ash)
500 m
3
tonnes of CO2
+
10,000
tonnes of sulphur
coal
gas
gas
Source: American Nuclear Society
Sources: IEA, Paul Scherrer Institute
Managing waste safely and efficiently
The European nuclear industry has managed its radioactive waste for over 60 years.
Recycling
Direct disposal
Used fuel
Nuclear power plant
Used
fuel
Waste Canister
Recycled fuel
Recycling
Facilities
Nuclear power plant
Deep Geological
Disposal
Interim
storage
Deep Geological
Disposal
Source: AREVA
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
October 2016
www.foratom.org
6
NUCLEAR AND HEALTH
Protecting people from radiation
Radioprotection: global scale of exposure (mSv)
mSv/year
Background Radiation
20
mSv/ one off exposure
10
6
<0,01
1
0,01
Average
exposure to
radiation from
a NPP
1
transatlantic
flight at
11,000 m
Dose limit
for general
public
1
1
chest
X-ray
1%
18%
14%
Nuclear
power
14%
Medical
11%
Average global
exposure to
natural
radioactivity
Average
exposure
to natural
radioactivity
in India
1
abdominal
scan
Dose limit
for nuclear
workers
averaged over
5 years
<0,01%
15%
42%
2,4
Other
sources
Radon gas from the ground
Cosmic rays
Buildings and rocks
Artificial sources
Sources: EDF, EURATOM, WNA
Food and drink
Sources: WNA
Saving lives by avoiding pollution
Nuclear energy has one of the lowest climate impacts
of any energy
Since the 1970s, nuclear power has prevented a total
of 1.84 million air pollution-related deaths globally
and 0.68 million (over one third) in OECD Europe
Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions
(grammes CO2 eq/kWh)
48
Solar PV
490
27
Gas
Solar CSP*
CO2
820
Coal
24
Hydro
12
Wind
12
*Concentrated Solar Power
Nuclear
Source: IPCC, 2014
Source: “Prevented mortality and greenhouse gas emissions from historical and
projected nuclear power”, Kharecha, P.A. and J.E. Hansen, 2013.
…and by curing people through nuclear medicine
Radiation and radioactive isotopes are used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
Diagnosis
Chest X-ray, abdominal scan,
cardiovascular imaging
1
person out of 2
will benefit from
nuclear medicine during
his/her life
Treatment
Nearly half of cancer patients
receive nuclear treatment
Source: Belgian Nuclear Forum
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
October 2016
www.foratom.org
8,852
13,563
8,550
5,000
6,730
11,440
8,500
59,500
ES
nuclear reactors
129
Operational
410,000
10,700
14,500
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
ROMANIA
3,542
HUNGARY
3,865
35,000
20,367
15,000
240,000
6,300
GERMANY
19,000
FRANCE
125,000
FINLAND
3,300
CZECH REPUBLIC
3,750
BULGARIA
4,773
BELGIUM
8,110
UK
CH
DE
electricity production
27%
of EU’s total
FR
NL
BE
SI
CZ
SE
HU
SK
Civil nuclear industry supports 780,000 jobs in Europe
EUROPE-WIDE JOBS MAP
50%
BG
RO
UA
October 2016
of low-carbon
electricity
+
FI
4,850
12,000
1,600
13,500
SPAIN
27,466
63,484
107,923
SWITZERLAND
6,500
SWEDEN
4,000
8,000
16,000
SLOVENIA
950
SLOVAKIA
7,000
66,500
UKRAINE
113,000
UNITED KINGDOM
billion/year
35,000
33,413
2,000
4,200
8,472
750
2,627
€ 70
Turnover
2,850
THE NETHERLANDS
1,500
460,000
780,000
Estimates
www.foratom.org
April 2016
Disclaimer: The figures indicated on the jobs map
were provided by FORATOM members. This map
is designed to give an overview of the number of
jobs in and supported by the European civil nuclear
industry, which encompasses a diverse and wide
range of companies and activities. The estimates
are based on the multiplication factors used by Pwc
in its study entitled “Le poids socio-economique de
l’électronucléaire en France, 2011.”
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers
Induced jobs
Direct and indirect employees consume goods
and services, which results in the creation of
additional jobs.
Indirect jobs
The nuclear sector buys goods and services from
external producers, which results in the creation
of additional jobs.
Direct jobs
Jobs that are directly created by the nuclear
sector: people working for nuclear operators,
utilities, specialized nuclear services suppliers,
specialized administrative services etc.
Estimates
Estimates
Direct, indirect and induced jobs
Direct and indirect jobs
Direct jobs
The figures only include the number of jobs in countries
that operate nuclear reactors.
240,000
EUROPE
INFO
GRAPHICS
THE VOICE OF THE EUROPEAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
Avenue des Arts 56
1000 Brussels
tel +32 2 502 45 95
fax +32 2 502 39 02
[email protected]
www.foratom.org