www.utm.my/amtec Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, PhD., FASc., CEng.

Transcription

Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, PhD., FASc., CEng.
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Innovative • Entrepreneurial • Global
www.utm.my/amtec
Presentation Outline
1.0
Introduction
Identifying your strengths and solving problems
1.1
Evaluate your skills development
1.2
Set Personal Objectives
2.0
Characteristics of a MSc/PhD Student
3.0
Managing Your Research
4.0
Managing Your Relationship with Your Supervisor
5.0
Time Management
6.0
Beat 8 Problems Common to PhDs
7.0
What are The Motivating Factors
www.utm.my/amtec
1.0
Introduction
On-time Graduation is a Reality and can be achieved!!
Need Courage and Innovative Planning
Involved personal aims, personal and organizational
reputation
A symbol of ultimate success in tertiary education
Must firmly know what he/she wants so that the goals
can be achieved in the shortest time
www.utm.my/amtec
Passionate about the research project, knowing
their strength and competencies are among the key
success factors
Exercise effective time management
Distinguished between “do the right things” and
“do things right”
A good supervisor with effective supervision is
also crucial factor, in fact the most important factor
www.utm.my/amtec
The Critical Success Factors for GOT
Good and
Understanding
Supervisor/s
Conducive
Environment
Passionate on
The Research
project
Personal Aims
Knowing Own
Strength and
Competencies
www.utm.my/amtec
PhD.
Why we want to do PhD???
www.utm.my/amtec
P
Perseverance- Determined persistence
in pursuit of goals despite obstacles or
discouragement
H
Harness the potential within us despite
the hardship faced
D
Discovery of new knowledge
www.utm.my/amtec
1.1
Identifying your strengths and
competencies
The competencies you would expect to have to develop
during your PhD are divided into seven sections:
• Research skills and techniques
• Research environment
• Research Management
• Personal effectiveness
• Communication Skills
• Networking and team working
• Career management
www.utm.my/amtec
Research skills and techniques
• I can recognize and validate problems
• I can demonstrate original, independent and critical thinking, and
the ability to develop theoretical concepts
• I have a knowledge of recent advances within my field and in
related areas
• I understand relevant research methodologies and techniques and
their appropriate application within my research field
• I am able to critically analyse and evaluate my findings and those
of others
• I am able to summarize, document, report and reflect on my
progress
www.utm.my/amtec
Research environment
•
I have a broad understanding of the context, at the national and international level,
in which research takes place
•
I am aware of issues relating to the rights of other researchers, of research
subjects, and of others who may be affected by the research
•
I appreciate and apply the standards of good research practice in my institution
and/or discipline
•
I understand relevant health and safety issues and demonstrate responsible
working practices
•
I understand the processes for funding and evaluation of research
•
I can justify the principles and experimental techniques used in my own research
•
I understand the process of academic or commercial exploitation of research
results
www.utm.my/amtec
Research Management
• I manage projects effectively through the setting of research
goals, intermediate milestones and prioritization of activities
• I can design and execute systems for the acquisition and collation
of information through the effective use of appropriate resources
and equipment
• I can identify and access appropriate bibliographical resources,
archives, and other sources of relevant information
• I use information technology appropriately for database
management, recording and presenting information
www.utm.my/amtec
Personal Effectiveness
• I have a willingness and ability to learn and acquire knowledge
• I am creative, innovative and original in my approach to research
• I am flexible and open-minded
• I am self-aware and able to identify my own training needs
• I am self-disciplined, motivated, and thorough
• I recognize my own boundaries and draw upon/use sources of
support as appropriate
• I show initiative, work independently and am self-reliant
www.utm.my/amtec
Communication skills
• I can write clearly and in a style appropriate to purpose, e.g.
progress reports, published documents, thesis
• I can construct coherent arguments and articulate ideas clearly to
a range of audiences, formally and informally through a variety of
techniques
• I can constructively defend research outcomes at seminars and
viva examination
• I contribute to promoting the public understanding of my research
field
• I effectively support the learning of others when involved in
teaching, mentoring or demonstrating activities
www.utm.my/amtec
Networking and teamworking
• I am developing and maintaining co-operative networks and
working relationships with supervisors, colleagues and peers,
within my institution and the wider research community
• I understand my behaviors and impact on others when working in
and contributing to the success of formal and informal teams
• I listen, give and receive feedback and respond perceptively to
others
www.utm.my/amtec
Career management
• I appreciate the need for and show commitment to continued
professional development
• I take ownership for and manage my career progression, set
realistic and achievable career goals, and identify and develop
ways to improve employability
• I can demonstrate an insight into the transferable nature of
research skills to other work environments and the range of
career opportunities within and outside academia
• I can present my skills, personal attributes and experiences
through effective CVs, applications and interviews
www.utm.my/amtec
1.2
Set Personal Objectives
Divide your objective into a plan:
1. Identify what is stopping you from achieving your
goal or things that concern you
2. Identify what will help you achieve your goal
3. Identify the resources which might help you
4. Now set some deadlines
www.utm.my/amtec
More sophisticated and commonly used are: SMARTE Objectives
•
Specific, in both meaning and focus.
•
Measurable: so that you know when you are achieving progress and can
declare success.
•
Advantages: what‟s in this for you? If there you can see no personal
advantages, don‟t waste your time; you won‟t be seriously motivated
towards success.
•
Realistic: be realistic, you can get feedback to help you do this.
•
Timescale: set deadlines and „milestones‟, times when you will sit down
and reflect on and review your progress.
•
Evidence based : demonstrate you have achieved your objectives.
www.utm.my/amtec
2.0
Characteristics of a MSc/PhD
Student
As a candidate for the PhD degree are required to show ability to
conduct original investigations, to test ideas, whether their own or
others', and to understand the relationship of their work and its
themes to a wider field of knowledge.
A PhD thesis should be a piece of work which a capable, wellqualified and diligent student, who is properly supported and
supervised, can produce in three years of full-time study.
It should exhibit substantial evidence of original scholarship and
contain material worthy of publication.
www.utm.my/amtec
Characteristics of Outstanding
Students
Characteristics of Mediocre
Students
Work habit
Uses time efficiently and is willing to work extra
hours.
Performed to the highest standards.
Proactively initiates experiments.
Work habit
Has a rigid view of research as a “9 to 5” job.
Takes shortcuts on laboratory
experiments. Only performs experiments
told by supervisor.
Journal reading
Actively and continuously performs literature
searches to independently locate journal articles.
Journal reading
Reads only journal articles provided by
advisor or other students.
Research hypotheses
Independent and continuously formulates
hypotheses for both student’s own project and
other related project.
Research hypotheses
Content to work on research hypotheses
developed by research advisor or others.
Writing
Continually writes, including maintaining updated
literature review of pertinent topics, writing
journal publications and reports
Writing
Only write when forced by supervisor
www.utm.my/amtec
Characteristics of Outstanding
Students
Characteristics of Mediocre
Students
Publication
Realizes that publication of research results is
paramount, and focuses considerable effort in
developing and writing manuscripts. Continuously
develops new publication ideas and proactively
approaches supervisor with potential
manuscripts.
Publication
Looks at publication as an afterthought to the
experiments. Minor effort put forth in
developing manuscripts and assumes advisor
will rework mediocre manuscript
Problem solving
Looks at research problems as an opportunity to
grow and learn. Develops potential solutions to
problems and discusses them with supervisor.
Problem solving
Comes to supervisor seeking solutions to
research problem
Teamwork
Teamwork
Understands that the collective output of the
laboratory is a key component of the student’s
own success, and therefore willingly assists
others in the lab.
Focuses solely on their own research
www.utm.my/amtec
Research Ability
A natural talent or acquired proficiency for scientific
investigation
Independence
Pursuit of knowledge or taking of action on own
initiative, seeking guidance only when appropriate
Critical thinking
Judicious evaluate of all information, regardless of its source
Organizational Skills
Systematic, careful planning and coordination of
activities
Originality
Imagination or ingenuity in problem solving
Hardworking and High
Determination
Willing to work extra hours
Love their works
Love their works more important than IQ
Realistic Aims and
Objectives
Quantifiable aims and objectives so that we can tell how
Berdoa dan bersyukur
Always pray for the success of our research
well you are doing, identifiable milestones by which we can
check our progress along the road to your eventual goal.
www.utm.my/amtec
4.0
Managing Relationship with Your
Supervisor
This relationship can be the most rewarding and most frustrating aspect
and it is likely that you will experience both aspects at some time.
It is not uncommon for misunderstandings to arise between student and
supervisor during the course of the PhD.
Always remember that your supervisor shares an important goal with
you – the successful completion of your degree.
In this area they will almost certainly have your best interests at heart. It
is up to you to discover the specifics of what your supervisor expects
from you, but in general terms you should:
www.utm.my/amtec
The Important Aspects
Tips for Solution
Be Independent
Do not use your supervisor to set your objectives; produce project
plans, analyze your findings, or as a spell checker for your thesis!
Arrange formal
supervisory meetings
Remember that your PhD is only one of many constraints on your
supervisor’s time
Plan for meetings
It might be useful for your supervisor to know what you want to discuss,
so don’t be afraid to send information in advance.
Be honest
The PhD is a period of TRAINING. You are not expected to get
everything right first time and talking through your mistakes will give you
the benefit of other people’s experience. Although it may be
uncomfortable, you will ultimately gain the respect of your supervisor.
Keep a sense of
perspective
As a trainee researcher you must expect to receive feedback and
criticism. The purpose of this is to improve your performance: you should
try not to take personally.
Follow your supervisor‟s
advice
Challenge their suggestions with your own if you feel you have a better
solution, but never ignore advice. They’ve been doing this a lot longer
than you have!
Don‟t wait to be told
Am I doing enough research? Are these results credible? Am I planning
my work effectively? Am I using the literature appropriately?
Show that you are
enjoying research
Your research is also part of your supervisor’s research portfolio. This is
their passion and they can feel insulted when their students aren’t
enthusiastic about their work.
Meet deadlines
Particularly those set by your supervisor.
www.utm.my/amtec
Your Supervisor‟s:
Objectives
Supervision is not a money making job- a poorly paid job.
So, what motivate them?? Obligation as a lecturer; Creating a scientific legacy
Multiplying their output
Skills
They offer different skills over the period over the life cycle of your MSc/PhDs
At the beginning of your study:
Identify a good problem statements/question
Knowing the state-of-the-art of the research area
Anticipating the level of difficulties of the research undertaking
In the middle of your study
Watching over the bigger picture
Direct you to the right direction
Identifying common pitfall
At the end of your study
Inform you when to write-up your thesis or stop experiment
Knowing the structure of thesis
Identifying the problem areas in your viva
Character
Friendly and approachable?; Very formal??; Very scary??; Very
demanding?? Quality concern??
Hates
Students who quit; Students who finish late; Student who lie; Students who
lazy; Students who incompetent
Inadequacies
Supervisors are human too. They unable too; Read your mind; Manage your time;
Remember much
In addition, try to understand that supervisor are; Learning on job – no classes to
be a supervisor; They have little experience.
www.utm.my/amtec
Roles and Responsibility of
supervisor
Roles and Responsibility of Student
Has vision (who can see the wood
for the trees so to speak)
Abide to PhD/MSc Guideline and Regulation.
Creative in the supervisory
process; Guidance about topic
Conduct intensive literature review. Develop Problem
Statement, Research Objectives, Research Design
Planning program, time
management and scheduling work
Prepare PhD/MSc plan. Prepare Research Proposal and
report for Progress Assessment
Has the ability to acquire the
necessary resources
Performa experimental, simulation and data gathering
with intellectual honesty
Able to motivate
Developing collegial and professional network
Can direct the work of students
and encourage publication
Writing and presenting research or technical papers
Monitors the student’s progress
Submit and defend PhD/MSc thesis
ensure students conforms to ethics
requirements, intellectual property
etc.
Nurture, create capabilities and
is able to foster growth of
individuals.
Upholding a high standard of academic integrity.
Be an ambassador on behalf of supervisor
www.utm.my/amtec
5.0
•
Time Management
Effective time management can address many of the difficulties you
face in your PhD.
Where are you going wrong???
•
Think about where you lose time and what activities prevent you from achieving your
objectives.
•
Some suggestions are given, but it is essential that you reflect on your own time
thieves and acknowledge them.
• Lack of objectives and deadlines
• Disorganization
• Poor communication
• Lack of information
• Can’t say 'No'
• Never finishing tasks
• Lack of self-discipline
• The unforeseen crisis
• Socializing
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The General tips
• Have clear objectives. Knowing the aims of your research will clarify
your objectives
• Make and stick to deadlines
• Don‟t confuse urgency with importance
• Devote time to planning
• Use a diary and timetable key activities
• Don‟t get bogged down by others.
• Review an activity before you leave it
• Reward yourself, i.e. I‟ll check my email after I find this reference, or
once I finish the draft of this chapter, I‟m taking the evening off!
How do you make and keep deadlines?
• Promise to give your supervisor updates on your progress,
speaking at conferences or having strict dates to submit work by
are all good datelines
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Make sure these are SMARTE.
The generally agree timeline for PhD students with their supervisor.
What do they expect after:
• 6 months : survey literature and learn to use relevant tools?
• 12 months : deepen understanding of the 'problem' and devise
solutions?
• 18 months : HALFWAY! engrossed in research
• 24 months : begin to wind up data collection?
• 30 months : complete solution and review
recent literature?
• 36 months : written thesis, ready for viva?
www.utm.my/amtec
What if things go wrong?
• Remember that you are TRAINING to be a researcher and things
will go wrong. Learn to improve by reviewing what happened.
• Did you try to achieve too much?
• Were you ready to do the task?
• Was the task clear?
• Was it difficult to decide what to do?
• Did you have all the information you needed to do the task?
• Did you plan the task badly because of pressure?
• Did you fail because it was boring or too difficult?
www.utm.my/amtec
Research Process as a Progressive
Reduction of Uncertainty
Maximum
uncertaintiy
Research
stages
Time
scale
Field of
interest
0
Minimum
uncertainty
Possible
topics Thesis
proposal
1
Background
theory
2
Pilot
study
3
Focal
theory
Phase One
Data
analysis
Data
collection
4
5
Data theory
Phase Two
Timescale of work per 1 unit time:
Ph.D. programme full time
Master programme full time
Master’s Project (4credit)
=
=
=
Writing up
6
7
8
Contribution
Phase Three
4 months
2 months
1.5 weeks
www.utm.my/amtec
9
6.0
The Common
Problems
Possible Solution Strategies
Laziness/lack of
motivation
Set short term task; Get someone to help;
Identify what motivates you;
Give yourself regular rewards
Lack of self
confidence
Try to stretch yourself; Try new things;
Don’t undersell yourself
Poor time
management
Look at your time stealers and see how they can be reduced;
Set realistic aims;
Allow time for reflection
No focus or direction
Start by increasing your self awareness; Try lots of different
experiences and eliminate the ones you dislike;
Keep open minded
Limited support
Build your own support network; Get a mentor;
Try and work in teams;
Improve your relationship with your supervisor
www.utm.my/amtec
6.0
The Common
Problems
Possible Solution Strategies
Comfort zone
Recognize your comfort zone;
Try continually to stretch yourself;
volunteer for presentations;
Take on new responsibilities.
Fear of failure/taking
risks
Learn more from your failures than successes;
Don’t take it Personally;
Remember that you are TRAINING to be a researcher.
Identify where your gaps are;
Creatively explore all options;
seize opportunities - Maximize your impact as a PhD/MSc
student.
www.utm.my/amtec
Lack of relevant
experiences
7.0
What are The Motivating Factors
We are all motivated by different things, but some common factors for
you to consider are:
• Promotion
• Autonomy
• Status
• Relationship with colleagues
• Opportunities for advancement
• Collaborative/independent working
• Opportunity to be creative
• Level of responsibility
• Recognition of success
• Interest in job
• Travel
• Organizational attitudes
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Thank You
[email protected]
or
[email protected]
www.utm.my/amtec
www.utm.my/amtec

www.utm.my/amtec Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, PhD., FASc., CEng.

Transcription

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