proposed new laoag international airport

Transcription

MAPUA INTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment
Manila, Philippines
PROPOSED NEW LAOAG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:
AN INTEGRATED AIRPORT TERMINAL
AR 200: Thesis Research Writing
BY
Racela, Erica Anne Beatrice P.
2006105926
12/18/2012
The research tackles about on the different approach in designing an airport terminal to give the
clientele a welcoming and comfortable stay while inside the terminal building. It also studied about
dealing with small airports that has restrictions and limitations.
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment
Muralla Street, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
APPROVAL SHEET
This undergraduate thesis attached herewith entitled: A Proposed New Laog International Airport: An Integrated Airport Terminal,
prepared by Erica Anne Beatrice P. Racela, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture is
hereby accepted.
Mapua Institute of Technology
[PROPOSED NEW LAOAG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:
AN INTEGRATED AIRPORT TERMINAL]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to especially give thanks to my adviser, Arch. Cristina Ealdama for her great
interest and assistance in the pursuit of these studies and in the preparation of this thesis.
To my family especially my mother, Ruth Racela for giving me the best encouragements,
giving me support especially in financing me to get thru this thesis. If it weren’t for I will not be able
to do this. Thank you mama!
To my ever supportive friends, thank you also for cheering me up and always encouraging
me to do and finish this thesis. I know my gratitude will never be enough, but don’t worry guys
“MAG PAPA-INOM AKO!!”
To my classmates; Ate Joy, Kit, Meg, Uly, Ate Nancy, Kuya Michael thank you, thank you for
our times spend together while doing our thesis.
And lastly, I thank our Lord God for always guiding me and not getting tired in granting my
multiple wishes while doing this thesis.
THANK YOU!
[PROPOSED NEW LAOAG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:]
ABSTRACT
The research tackles about on the different approach in designing an airport terminal to give
the clientele a welcoming and comfortable stay while inside the terminal building. It also studied about
dealing with small airports that has restrictions and limitations.
2 0 0 6 1 0 5 9 2 6 | Racela, Erica Anne Beatrice P.
Table of Contents
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Statement of the Problem ....................................................................................................................... 2
Project Goal…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3
Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
Strategies…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4
Scope and Limitations of the Study………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4
Assumptions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
Review of Related Literature……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
Method of Research………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8
Research Instruments………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
Case Studies
Laoag International Airport…………………………………………………………………………………………………………9
Portland International Jetport…………………………………………………………………………………………………..27
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne Country Airport……………………………………………………………………………31
Archival Investigations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33
CHAPTER II: RESEARCH FOCUS
Rationale ............................................................................................................................................... 39
Principle and Relevance to the Project ................................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER III: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Site Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………40
Site Data and Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41
Land Use and Settlement Patterns…………………………………………………………………………………………………………42
Socio-Economic Environment………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..42
Existing Condition of the Facilities………………………………………………………………………………………………………….43
CHAPTER IV: ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS
Organizational Chart……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..44
Flow Chart……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..45
Floor Plan………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………46
Site Plan…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………46
Landside Elevation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………47
Airside Elevation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………47
Aerial Perspective………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….48
Man’s Eye View Perspective………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….49
Interior Perspective………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………50
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
“It’s more fun with anywhere Philippines” (Juan Philippines, 2012)
“The Philippines is defined by its emerald fields, teeming megacities, graffiti splashed
jeepneys, smoldering volcanoes, bug eyed tarsiers, fuzzy water buffalo and smiling, happy-go-lucky
people” (Lonenly Planet Magazine, 2012)
Northern Luzon is located between the Luzon mainland and Taiwan, this is where one can
find some of the crown jewel of the Philippines. One of these jewels is Ilocos Norte that offers so
many treasures like; unspoiled beaches, unique landscapes and grand structure; this is probably the
reason why it is considered as one of the best tourist destination in the Philppines.
According to PIA (Philippine Information Agency), with nearly 700,000 tourists that visited
the province since April, Ilocos Norte has made headway in the tourism industry. All these is because
of the campaign pitch “Paoay Kumakaway”, which targeted the domestic market and other countries
aside China, had since reached a wide audience locally and abroad using television spots and
billboard. (Arzadon, Ma. C., 2012)
Time travel gave five reasons to visit Ilocos Norte and these are: (1) it’s earthly wonders, this
involves the dynamic coastal topography of the province. (2) church architecture (3) bucolic beaches
(4) characterful cuisine; among Filipinos, Ilocanos are known for frugality, and the cuisine of this
farming society features ingredients shunned elsewhere int the country. (5) historic Vigan; drive
south for an hour to neighboring province Ilocos Sur to get to Vigan, the Philippines’ only UNESCO
World Heritage City (Villarica H., 2011)
1
Buses and private vehicle are the most reliable form of transportation to Ilocos Norte from
Manila, usually it took 9-12 hours by land if one is coming from Manila. One can also take an airplane
ride which usually took 45 minutes coming from Manila.
According to the Philippine National Tourism Development Plan for 2011-2016; the
secondary international airports located at Clark, Mactan- Cebu, Davao, Puerto Princesesa, Iloilo,
Laoag and Zamboanga are currently unable to handle rapid international tourism growth because of
limitations on : (a) city side aspects such as poor access, lack of parking, and inadequate support
services. (b) air side constraints related to runway, taxiway, parking apron limitations, air navigation
system limitations and fire and rescue service limitation, and (c)airport management and operations
limitations.
It is stated in the development plan of the Philippine national Tourism, that the upgrading of
Laoag International Airport comprises the following tasks: (1) improve access road and parking
areas. (2) Provide public transportation services from a designated point outside the terminal to
Laoag City, and (3) Implement current terminal improvement program focusing on increasing
international passenger arrival and departure handling capacity. (4) Conversion to Airport Authority
that includes marketing of airport to carrier as part of its charter.
Statement of the Problem
The following are the major issues that this proposal aims to address:
1. What factor must be considered to be able to create welcoming and accommodating
airport?
2. How can the improvement or expansion of Laoag International Airport help boost the
tourism in ikocos Norte?
2
3. What major impact can this airport bring to the country and the locals of Ilocos Norte
especially in Loaag City?
4. Up to what extent does the local government plan to rehabilitate the Laoag
International Airport?
5. What other important facilities should be provided in Laoag International Airport?
6. What issues need attention to improve the facilities of Laoag International Airport?
Project Goal
Marked as one of the priority project, the local government of Ilocos Norte aims to better
the facilities to handle the rapid international and domestic tourism growth. This is also to further
promote the tourism in the province. The researcher will concentrate first on investigating the pros
and cons of the past development and then eventually look for a new concept that is applicable to
the project. The Laoag International Airport will serve as the gateway for the tourist coming from
China, Taiwan and sooner or later tourist from around the globe that are as well willing to invest in
the province. Also, this will serve as a very important icon in the province of Ilocos.
Objectives of the Study
Specifically, the objectives of studying this problem area are:
1. To gain knowledge on the different trends in designing and building an airport, so that in
the long run people will start to feel comfortable inside Loaag International Airport.
2. To assess the extent of redevelopment needed to be able to identify the dilemma in
Laoag International Airport.
3. To study the current condition of Laoag International Airport that causes spatial
problems.
3
4. To enumerate the essential and most up-to-date spatial requirement in Laoag
International Airport.
Strategies
The researcher will examine Laoag International Airport and at the same time observe the
users to better understand the proposal. Through this the researcher can support the feasibility of
the study and the possible design solutions. The researcher will conduct interviews with the related
personnel, intensive research and case studies.
Significance of the Research
This research will serve as a useful reference to the local government of Ilocos Norte, for
decision making regarding budget. This is also for the use of Architects to make them aware of new
approaches in designing facilities for tourists. In addition, this research is for the assistance of the
future architects/students, may this research help them understand the needs of the users/clientele
and hopefully consider designing a user friendly airport.
The study will also be an important venture in promoting the tourism in Ilocos Norte that
will offer a good job opportunity for the locals of Ilocos Norte. Most importantly, this is for the
advantage of the tourists/clientele for they serve as the motivation for this research.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This research was conducted to determine the current condition of Laoag International
Airport and be aware to the new approaches in designing an airport. In accordance to this, the
researcher will interview the local government of Laoag, Ilocos Norte, through these; the researcher
will know the future plans for Laoag. The researcher will also be interviewing personnel coming from
4
CAAP and DOTC for these are the department in-charge for the development of airports and other
transportation facilities.
Aside from the interview, the researcher will conduct a case study inside the Laoag
International Airport, this case study will help the researcher identify what is lacking and what is not
needed in the facility of Laoag International Airport.
Assumptions
“. . . it can hardly be a coincidence that no language on Earth has ever produced the phrase
‘as pretty as an airport.’ airports are ugly. Some attain a degree of ugliness that can only be the
result of a special effort.” (Adams D. 1988)
The researcher therefore assumes that the reason why the clientele refrain from staying in
an airport is because they feel uncomfortable and to some they feel claustrophobic when inside the
airport facilities. Also, the researcher assumes that placing other facilities such as smoking areas,
courtyard and other facilities that will keep them busy will help the clientele forget the feeling of
uneasiness inside the airport.
Definition of Terms
CAAP - Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
DOTC - Department of Transportation and Communications
PIA
- Philippine Information Agency
UNESCO
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
5
Theoretical Framework
Review of Related Literature
According to the headline of Ilocos Times dated April 16-22 2012, “Tourists flock to
Ilocos Norte this holy week”. It is stated that during the holy week season there are more than half a
million or 680,000 domestic and foreign tourists were estimated to have visited Ilocos Norte.
According to Governor Imee Marcos, this is the result they receive after releasing the tourism brand
of Ilocos Norte which is “Paoay Kumakaway”. Governor Marcos admitted that the growth of tourist
is overwhelming and hoped to be better prepared next time.
6
Due to this overwhelming number of tourist, vehicles got stuck on a traffic jam which barely
happened in the city of Laoag. Hotel reservations are all occupied which leads the other visitors to
stay in home-stay’s and tent, while restaurants and other tourist’s spots are all in ruckus. But in spite
of this situation Governor Imee Marcos requested the locale to make the province a tourist friendly
destination and make the visitors feel welcome and comfortable all the time.
This article only shows that there is indeed a need for expansion in Laoag International
Airport. It is very obvious in the article that Ilocos Norte is still the number one tourist destination for
the foreign and domestic visitors. And also Ilocos Norte will be a haven for investors for business due
to the number of tourist visiting the province.
ooOoo
The next article is somewhat related to the previous news. According to Ilocos Times dated
April 16-22 2012, “3 international direct flights to LIA is under negotiation”. It is said that Laoag
International Airport are negotiating with airline companies that will conduct an international direct
flights. The proposed flights are: Honolulu – Laoag flights, Hong Kong – Laoag –Manila and Taipei –
Laoag – Batanes routes.
According to Governor Imee Marcos this is the right time for investors and the airline
companies to take advantage of the air traffic as tourist influx remained steady for the past months.
As of now Laoag Airport has only one existing international flights carrying air passengers from
Macau to Laoag and the other way around on twice a week basis while domestic carriers are flying
from Laoag to Manila and vice versa every day.
ooOoo
ThyssenKrupp Elevator is a manufacturer capable of supplying the full range of passenger
conveyance systems for all three directions of travel – horizontal, vertical and diagonal.
7
ThyssenKrupp believes that planners are no longer content just to implement the “form follows
function” principle. In fact, according to Amsterdam professor of Architecture Ben van Berkel “the
future of the airport is the concept of a city that offers culture and education, jobs and recreation.
The vision is of a system that not only functions during air traffic times but is alive around the clock.”
As of now, we only see these airports as an architectural system of terminals, gates, baggage
conveyors, control towers, hangars, cargo warehouses, parking garages, and office buildings. But, in
the future airport operators want visitors to feel at home at airports and spend money there.
Accordingly, operators are trying everything to make staying in the terminals as tempting as
possible.
Shopping has become a key concept in airport planning. An airport which presents itself as
an architectural experience with restaurants, meeting points, and shopping facilities, the more
friendly an airport appears, the more likely it is to attract visitors who come not to travel but to see
the sights.
To sum this up, an airport architecture of the future has to meet four requirements: Firstly,
to efficiently manage sharply rising air traffic and visitor volumes; secondly, to shape the airport
experience to create an atmosphere that invites passengers to linger and consume; thirdly, to
integrate zero-tolerance security unobtrusively into the structure; and fourthly, to minimize
construction and maintenance costs – the airport of tomorrow is also a profit center.
Method of Research
The researcher will use a descriptive method in conducting the research, for a descriptive
method of research is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings.
(Calderon J., Gonzales E. 1993)
8
The researcher will conduct a case study to gather all the information needed. A case study
is necessary for this is a comprehensive, complete, detailed and in-depth study and analysis of an
individual, institution, group or community. (Calderon J., Gonzales E. 1993)
Research Instruments
The researcher will conduct a case study to collect information that will help attain the
objectives of the problem. In conducting the case study the researcher will use a camera for taking
the photos of the Laoag International Airport and other important things that may help solve the
problem.
A case study is nothing without observing the facilities and its user. In observing, the
researcher mostly used the sense of sight and sense of hearing. Sense of sight is a powerful tool in
observing, because through the sense of sight the researcher gets to see every detail needed for the
research being conducted. Sense of hearing is the second powerful tool in observation. Sometimes
seeing is not enough in a research, for sometimes others opinion and comments are helpful in
conducting the research.
The researcher will also conduct an interview, but due to the busy schedule of the personnel
to be interviewed, the researcher made use of questionnaires and submitted it in their respected
offices.
Case Studies
Laoag International Airport
The researcher will conduct a case study in Laoag International Airport to check on its
current condition and to study the facilities and its circulation. In this way the researcher will be able
to identify the spacial requirements that are needed in the airport.
9
Departure
International Airport
facade
As of now, the Laoag International Airport caters domestic flights from PAL, Airphil Express,
Cebu and an international flight from Astro Air.
Departure entrance
10
According to the security officers of the airport, whenever flights are over lapping the airport
is in ruckus and sometimes people are already outside of the airport terminal because it could no
longer hold the passengers.
Departure lobby
Once you entered the departure lobby in Laoag International Airport, you will see the PNP
assistance desk and the DOTC-CAAP help desk.
Security check, view
from the entrance
lobby
11
Security check, view
from the check-in
baggage
Check-in baggage
12
Final security check
Final security check
The immigration desk will welcome the tourist/clientele as they enter the final security
check. This is the first thing that tourist/clientele will see upon entering the departure lounge.
13
Whenever flights are over-lapping this lounge is crowded and due to the situation
tourists/clientele prefers to stay outside the terminal building.
Toilet and diaper
change area
14
Airport Cafeteria
Upon the researcher’s observation, the cafeteria is the only access to the VIP room for the
business class passengers. Also, it is only the means to go to the international waiting lounge.
Entrance to
International lounge
15
International
departure hallway
16
Arrival
Arrival exit
Upon entering the Laoag International Airport the first thing you will see is the arrival
section of the terminal. Unlike other airport, Laoag International Airport does not have terminals for
public transportation and has a very small waiting bay that causes traffic whenever there is a
scheduled flight. As of now, traffic is still tolerable.
Arrival exit lobby
17
Laoag International Airport exit lobby is actually just a vast space with a mini duty free on it.
The researcher thinks that the space is too big that it does not serve its purpose.
Baggage claim area
Upon arriving in Laoag International Airport, the baggage claim area will welcome the
tourists. As of now, Laoag International Airport has only one conveyor since flights are scheduled per
airlines and international flights are chartered. During regular days this scenario is okay, but during
the peak season this area is in commotion.
Baggage conveyor
18
19
Tourism desk
20
Other Airport Facilities
These includes the fire station building, administration building, control tower, power house,
flight service station/flight operations briefing station, DOTC staff house, CAAP staff house, PAGASA
station, PNP building, search & rescue building, vehicular parking area, concessionaires.
Fire station
Administration
building
21
Control tower
Power house
22
CAAP staff house
23
PAGASA station
24
PNP building
Search and Rescue
building
25
Concessionaires
Vehicular parking area
26
Portland International Jetport
The newly renovated Portland International Jetport in Portland, Maine is the second
commercial airport to achieve LEED Gold certification. Designed by Gensler, the new LEED-certified
airport follows on the heels of their renovation of SFO T2, which was the first LEED Gold airport in
the nation. Spurred on by the commitment of the city of Portland to ensure a high level of
sustainability, the jetport makes use of materials from the region and the largest geothermal heating
and cooling system in the state. Despite how energy intensive airports often are, the Portland
Jetport and Gensler are showing how beautiful, sustainable and energy-efficient they can be.
27
The 160,000 square-foot, three-gate facility includes a new ticketing hall, a modern baggage
handling area that places TSA baggage screening out of view, six new passenger checkpoint lanes,
new departures lounges, concessions, and food court seating.
28
To make the airport more energy efficient, Gensler, with the help of AMEC Earth and
Environmental and Haley and Aldrich, designed a dual strategy system that relies on geothermal
heating and cooling along with a radiant floor system. The geothermal system was made possible by
the first-ever Voluntary Airport Low Emissions (VALE) grant from the Federal Aviation
Administration.
Inspired by the natural beauty and resources of Maine, the terminal features timber
constructions that are rarely seen in airport architecture. Natural day lighting, FSC certified glue
laminated structural timbers, and low-maintenance, polished concrete floors add to the
sustainability strategies.
29
30
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne Country Airport
The Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport is the first US airport to be designed and
built after 9/11- meaning it is one of the most modern and efficient airports out there, especially
with regards to security and energy efficiency. The linear airport features a large glass curtain wall
that ushers in daylighting into the ticketing, baggage claim and security areas. The new airport also
features an innovative system to service each airplane with fuel, climate control and auxiliary
electricity right from the gate, in turn eliminating costly and polluting diesel-powered ground units.
31
With 26 gates and 824,000 square foot of space, DTW is designed to minimize stress
associated with security screening and travel. This means more daylighting, warmer finishes, lots of
electric outlets for personal electronic devices and a greater focus on views. Daylighting streams in
through the 660 foot long horizontal glass curtain wall, pumping natural light into the ticketing,
baggage claim and security area.
When the old terminal and nearby hotel were demolished to make way for the new airport,
much of the waste was recycled and reused. The concrete from the old buildings was crashed into
gravel for use of roads and ramps, and iron and steel were recycled.
32
Archival Investigations
DOMESTIC PASSENGER MOVEMENT
33
34
INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER MOVEMENT
35
36
37
38
CHAPTER II: RESEARCH FOCUS: “AN ENERGY EFFICIENT AIRPORT TERMINAL”
Rationale
The researcher chose to do the study for the reason that in doing so; it will help the
researcher to better understand an airport and its facilities. Also, this research aims to impart all the
gathered knowledge to the local government of Ilocos Norte and to the future developers of Laoag
International Airport, for this research intends to integrate and modernize the old Laoag
International Airport.
Laoag International Airport will be developed in order to meet the standards of an
international airport and to modernize the old terminal building that seems to be becoming too
small and dull. The modernization of Laoag International Airport will help the tourism of Ilocos Norte
and soon will open a lot of opportunities to their locals.
Principles and Relevance to the Project
Laoag International Airport is mostly made of bricks, which in fact make a good façade. If
you get to see and travel around Ilocos Norte you will be able to see a lot of structures made of
bricks. This is because the town of San Nicolas is famous for these bricks. In the case of Laoag
International Airport, these bricks make the interior of the airport gloomy. In addition, the airport
does not have a high ceiling which also contributes to the fact that the airport is badly lit
39
CHAPTER III: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
Site Introduction
Geographical Location
The City of Laoag is located at the west
central part of the Province of Ilocos Norte
bordering the South China Sea. It is bounded on
the East by the Municipality of Sarrat; in the
Southeast by the Munisipality of San Nicolas; in
the Southwest by the Municipality of Paoay, in the
Northeast the Municipality of Vintar; in the
Northwest by the Municipality of Bacarra; and in the West the South China Sea. It is one of the cities
in Region I.
It is located between 120 degrees and 31 minutes to 120 degrees and 40 minutes longitude
and between 18 degrees and 16 minutes north latitude.
The City of Laoag is along the Manila North Road and is 78 kilometers from Vigan, Ilocos Sur,
217 kilometers from the City of San Fernando, La Union, the Regional Capital; 274 kilometers from
Baguio City; 363 kilometers from Tarlac; and 488 kilometers from Metro Manila, the National
Capital.
40
Laoag City is strategically located at the northern tip of the Northwestern Luzon Growth
Quadrangle. It is within two hours of jet travel to any one of Asia’s economic tigers by way of the
Loaag International Airport if direct routes are opened and established.
Specifically, Laoag is eight hours by land travel and one hour and fourty-five minutes by air
to Manila, fourty-five minutes by air to Taiwan, one hour and fourty-five minutes to Japan and two
hours to Mainland China or Hongkong.
Site Data and Analysis
41
Land Use and Settlement Patterns
Laoag Airport is located at Gabu, Laoag City, about 7kms. southwest of the City proper and
about 1.50 kms. from the west coast that is nearly parallel to the runway. Laoag City is located at
coordinates 18’ 12’ North Latitude and 120’ 34’ East Longitude. The airport facilities are located
within the confluence of the Laoag River.
Travel to and from Manila takes approximately 8-12 hours by land. The city has a number of
attractions, some of which include the: St. William Cathedral, Sinking Belltower, Abolition of Tobacco
Monopoly Monument, Marcos Hall of Justice, Laoag Museum and Laoag River.
On the basis of the current City Lanad Use Plan and Zoning Ondinance, the areas adjacent to
the existing airport facilities are classified largely as agricultural and residential areas. On the
western side of the runway are scattered farmlands and residential structures. On the southeastern
side are clusters of moderately populated areas near the tributary of the Laoag River.
The existing airport is largely located on ATO-owned land. More areas are planned to be
acquired to enable ATO to provide a higher level of operating efficiency and security at the airport
complex.
Socio-economic Environment
The population of Region I in the year 2000 was at 4.2 million, accounting for 5% of the
entire population of the Philippines. Laoag City continues to accommodate a significant share of the
Region’s population, accounting for more than 2% of the Region’s entire population in 2000. The
population trend in Laoag City has continuously grown by more than 1 percent in the last two and a
half decades.
42
Population and Historical Growth Rates
Total Population
Regions/Province/City/
Municipality
PHILIPPINES
REGION I - ILOCOS
ILOCOS NORTE
Laoag City (Capital)
ILOCOS SUR
Vigan (Capital)
LA UNION
City of San Fernando
(Capital)
PANGASINAN
Lingayen (Capital)
1990
1995
2000
1-May
1-Sep
1-May
Annual Growth Rate
1990- 1995- 19901995 2000 2000
60,703,208 66,616,536 76,498,735
3,550,642
3,603,890
4,200,473
461,661
482,651
514,241
83,756
68,336
94,686
519,966
545,385
594,206
38,574
42,067
45,143
548,742
597,442
657,945
84,949
2,020,273
77,637
91,943
2,178,412
80,758
2.32
1.3
0.64
1.6
0.96
1.61
2.36
2.15
1.37
1.46
1.85
1.65
2.09
2.34
1.68
1.64
1.21
1.34
1.58
1.83
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
102,062
2,434,086
68,891
The Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the Region increased to approximately PHP
36 Billion in the year 2006 from PHP 29.9 billion in 2001, growing at an average annual rate of
around 4% per annum during the period. The Region’s share in the country’s GDP has stabilized at an
average of around 3% over a period of 25 years, although a slight decrease was noted during the last
four (4) years. The Per Capita GRDP of Region I in the year 2004 was PHP 9.4 thousand, which is 30
percent lower than thw national average of PHP 13.5 thousand pesos per capita in the same year.
Existing Condition of the Facilities
Located
about
seven
(7)
kilometers from the central business
district,
the
existing
Laoag
International Airport is constrained by
operational
restrictions,
the
43
passenger terminal is considered very close to the runway centerline, in violation of International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards, the size of the existing apron is inadequate to
accommodate pea-hour traffic and there is insufficient vehicular parking and circulation area. Details
of the airport facility inventory are plotted in the existing airport layout.
CHAPTER IV: ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS
Organizational Chart
44
Flow Chart
45
Floor Plan
Site Plan
46
Landside Elevation
Airside Elevation
47
Aerial Perspective
48
Man’s Eye View Perspective
49
Interior Perspective
50
[PROPOSED NEW LAOAG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT:
AN INTEGRATED AIRPORT TERMINAL]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.senate.gov.ph
http://www.bongbongm.com
http://www.visitmyphilippines.com
http://inorte.org/?page_id=419
http://mb.com.ph/node/165068
http://www.pia.gov.ph
http://www.lonelyplanet.com
http://www.eturbonews.com
http://www.ilocostimes.com
http://www.time.com/time/travel/article/0,31542,2049939,00.html
http://www.choosephils.com
http://juanphilippines.com

proposed new laoag international airport

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