Review Chapters 2, 3, 4 - Alta High School AP Art History

Transcription

Chapter 2: The Ancient Near East--Mesopotamia 3500 BCE--330 BCE
(Meso = Middle or between; Potamia refers to water (potable or drinkable water) thus Meso + Potamia = Land between 2 rivers)
Friday, December 3, 2010
(Period! =Persians final dominance)
Theme: SANBAN. ...Location! Location! Location!
*SANBAN is an acronym for 6 major cultures (in chronological order) that will have dominance in
the fertile crescent between the years of 3000 BCE and 400 BCE. The repetition of the word
‘location’ plays on a Real Estate theme--‘location’ is everything when it comes to property value.
Nothing could have been more desirable or valuable than the fertile lands (fertile crescent) between the
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
S =
A =
N =
B =
A =
N =
. =
Sumerian
S =
A =
N =
B =
A =
N =
. =
Sumerian
S =
Akkadian
A =
N =
B =
A =
N =
. =
Sumerian
S =
Akkadian
A =
Neo-Sumerian
N =
B =
A =
N =
. =
Sumerian
S =
Akkadian
A =
Neo-Sumerian
N =
Babylonian
B =
A =
N =
. =
Sumerian
S =
Akkadian
A =
Neo-Sumerian
N =
Babylonian
B =
Assyrian
A =
N =
. =
Sumerian
S =
Akkadian
A =
Neo-Sumerian
N =
Babylonian
B =
Assyrian
A =
Neo-Babylonian
N =
. =
Sumerian
S =
Akkadian
A =
Neo-Sumerian
N =
Babylonian
B =
Assyrian
A =
Neo-Babylonian
N =
Persians
. =
Vocabulary Ch 2: Ancient Near East
*Vocab words will be written in red on slides where they are applicable
Conventions: (traditional artistic representation)
Ziggurat
cella
Propitiary devices (Sacrifice Prayer Ritual – like SPiRitual)
Gods: Ishtar (love and war)
Shamash (sun)
Votives
Registers
Hierarchy of scale (think higher)
Cuneiform (stylus and moist clay slabs--later fired)
Stele (upright stone slab/with writing)
Composite View (stylized)
Citadel (fortress):
Crenellations
Apadana
Votives from temple at
Eshnunna: 2700 BCE
Gypsum inlaid with shell
and black limestone
Male figure--2’ 6” high
Sumerian: Standard of Ur--War Side: 2600 BCE
(Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli & red limestone -- 8” x 1’7”)
*Conventions of Power: Traditional way to communicate an idea--here ‘idea’ of power and authority
*Content:
*Site
*Patron
Sumerian: Lyre from ‘King’s Grave’: 2600 BCE
Wood with inlaid gold, lapis lazuli and shell
5’ 5” high
Sumerian:
Sumerian:
Akkadian:
Head of Akkadian Ruler:
New Concept of absolute monarchy:
Qualities: serenity, dignity, authority
Victory Stele of Naram Sin:
Neo-Sumerian
Seated statue of Gudea: 1780 BCE
Diorite 2’ 5”
*Votive:
--pose
--hands
*Media: diorite--significance?
*plan of temple
Neo-Sumerian
Ziggurat: 2100 BCE
Neo-Sumerian
Ziggurat: 2100 BCE
Neo-Sumerian:
Babylonian:
Stele of Hammurabi:
*Conventions of Power:
---*Content: (What’s going on and what is it
you see that makes you say that?)
---
Babylonian:
Stele of Hammurabi:
--Sun God: Note fire coming off shoulders
Babylonian:
Stele of Hammurabi:
Sits on Mountain (Ziggurat?)
Babylonian:
Stele of Hammurabi:
Rod and ring handed to ruler, symbolize authority
(builders’ tools--measuring rods and coiled rope; show
ruler’s capacity to build the social order and to measure
people’s lives--to render judgments and enforce laws)
Babylonian:
Stele of Hammurabi:
Rod and ring handed to ruler, symbolize authority
(builders’ tools--measuring rods and coiled rope; show
ruler’s capacity to build the social order and to measure
people’s lives--to render judgments and enforce laws)
Cuneiform: laws inscribed on stele
Assyrian:
Citadel of Sargon II: 720-705
Guardian Figures--Lamassu: protected king...
stood at gates to palace spaces in the citadel
Assyrian
Frieze: Archers pursuing enemies--875 BCE; 2’ 10 5/8”
Assyrian
Frieze: Lion Hunt (Ashurbanipal hunting lions)--645 BCE 5’ 4” high
Assyrian:
Neo-Babylonian
Ishtar Gate: 575 BCE
Persian Apadana and Bull Capitals
Persian Apadana and Bull Capitals
Persian Reliefs:
Stylistic Characteristics?
Content?
Sassanians: Last Pre-Islamic culture to hold power in region--much later (200s CE). Here Roman General acknowledges defeat.
Chapter 3: Egypt Under the Pharaohs--3000-30 BCE
Theme: RELIGION--Tombs, Temples,Timelessness.......
Predynastic: 3000-2500 BCE
Palette of Narmer
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
Palette of Narmer
Old Kingdom: 2575-2100 BCE
Great Pyramids at Gizeh
Sphinx
Khafre
Scribe, Married Couple, Fowling Scene of Nabumun
Palette of Narmer
Sphinx
Khafre
Middle Kingdom: 2040-1640 BCE
Rock Cut Tombs
Palette of Narmer
Sphinx
Khafre
Rock Cut Tombs
New Kingdom: 1550-1070 BCE
Mortuary Temples: Rameses and Hatshepsut
Pylon Temples: Karnak and Luxor
Amarna Style: Akhenaton and Nefertiti
King Tut
John-Francois Champollion
Last judgment of Hu-Nefer (royal scribe of Seti I) from his tomb at Thebes: 19th Dynasty (1290-1280)
Painted Papyrus Scroll--Gods: Anubis, Thoth, Horus, Osiris, Isis, Nephtys
Last judgment of Hu-Nefer (royal scribe of Seti I) from his tomb at Thebes: 19th Dynasty (1290-1280)
Painted Papyrus Scroll--Gods: Anubis, Thoth, Horus, Osiris, Isis, Nephtys
Pre-dynastic: Palette of Narmer
*Content (probable):
*Style--conventions for imaging
the Pharaoh...
-----
Egyptian mastaba tombs
Section:
Plan:
Restored view
Detail of the facade:
Earliest known stone columns:
Shafts resemble papyrus stalks
Capitals, Papyrus blossoms
Columns are engaged (attached to the walls)
Menkaure
Khafre
Khufu (largest)
The Great Sphinx
(lion w/ human head)
*Sphinx was associated with
the sun god--appropriate
image for a pharaoh
*Composite creature
suggests the combination
of human intelligence with
the immense strength of
the king of beasts.
Menkaure and Khamerernebty:
2490-2472 BCE 4’ 6 1/2” high
Old Kingdom:
Senusret III; 1860 BCE 6 1/2” high
Rock-cut tombs, Beni Hasan--1950-1900 BCE
*Hollowed out of cliffs (entrance then covered)
*Shallow columnar porches
*Columned hall
*Burial Chamber
New Kingdom:
Morturary Temple of Hatshepsut
Mortuary Temples:
*Provided rulers a place for
worshipping their patron gods during their
lifetime
*After ruler’s death, served as
temples in ruler’s honor
*Temples were elaborate and luxuriously
decorated--appropriate for both pharaohs
and their gods
New Kingdom:
Mortuary Temple of
Ramses II--1275 BCE
65’ high--sandstone
Restored View
Clerestory:
(a ‘clear’ story)--allows light to enter hall
Old Kingdom
New Kingdom
New Kingdom--Amarna Style
Akhenaton (once Amenhotep)
Nefertiti
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and
3 daughters Limestone
1’1/4”
Akhenaton's hymn to
Aton survives. . .
Thou art in my heart.
There is no other that
knoweth thee Save
thy son Ikhnaton. . .
Tiye 1353-1355 BCE
Wood w/gold, silver,
alabaster, and lapis
lazuli 3 3/4s”
Tutankhamen--King Tut 1323 BCE
a. Innermost Coffin, gold, 6’1”
b. Death Mask, gold w/inlay 1’9”
Howard Carter
(funded by Lord Carnarvan)
New Kingdom and Amarna Style
Chapter 4: Aegean Art
Theme: Candied--M & Ms
*Chronological order of cultures/art/architecture:
(M & Ms: Numerous islands)
--Candied = Cylcadic Idols (on Cycladic Islands) 2700-2300 BCE--Neolithic
--M = Minoan (New Palaces on Crete) after1700 BCE
--M = Mycenaean (Mainland--Mycenae) 1400-1200 BCE
Cycladic: On the islands
circling Delos
Prehistoric: Neolithic
figurines--female and male
circling Delos
Minoan: on the island of Crete
(named after legendary King Minos)
Late Palace Period: fire--rebuilding
Multi-storied palace, bull leaping
frescoes, snake goddess statues,
pottery with natural/sea world
motifs
circling Delos
Minoan: on the island of Crete
(named after legendary King Minos)
Mycenean: Mainland Greece
(named for Agamemnon’s city, Mycenae
Late Palace Period: fire--rebuilding
Multi-storied palace, bull leaping
frescoes, snake goddess statues,
pottery with natural/sea world
motifs
Fortified cities of the heroes of the
Trojan War and Homer’s epics The Iliad
and The Odyssey. Beehive tombs, gold
masks and bronze daggers
Mainland: Mycenaean
Cycladic
Island of Crete: Minoan
Mainland: Mycenaean
Cycladic
Mainland: Mycenaean
Cycladic
Mainland: Mycenaean
Cycladic
Cycladic
Minoan (Palace of Knossos on Crete)
Stairwell in residential quarter
of palace at Knossos (Crete)
Megaron: Official center of
Palace complex--note 4
Minoan columns surrounding
a fire pit
Shield and
Pithoi
Bull-Leaping from
Palace at Knossos
1400 BCE
2’ 8” high
(including border)
Fresco: true (wet)
...thus... Minoan
painters had to
work quickly-completing image
while walls still
wet
Restoration: dark
patches are
original--the rest
is a modern
restoration
Kamares-ware jar
(Crete)
1800-1700 BCE
1’ 8” high
*Love of nature
manifest on
vases even
before the new
palace period
*Potters’ wheels
used to create
sophisticated
shapes
Octopus jar
(Crete) 1500
BCE 11” high
(contemporary
with new palaces
at Knossos)
Snake Goddess
Knossos 1600 BCE
Faience (low-fired opaque
glasslike)
1’ 1/2” high
*Mortal attendant to Gods?
*Goddess?
--exposed breasts... fertility?
--power over animal world?
Snake Goddess
Knossos 1600 BCE
glasslike)
1’ 1/2” high
*Goddess?
Young god (?) (Crete)
1500-1475 BCE
Ivory (hippo tusk), gold,
serpentine, & rock crystal
1’ 7 1/2”
Snake Goddess
Knossos 1600 BCE
glasslike)
1’ 1/2” high
*Goddess?
1500-1475 BCE
1’ 7 1/2”
Unmistakenly Minoan?
Snake Goddess
Knossos 1600 BCE
glasslike)
1’ 1/2” high
*Goddess?
1500-1475 BCE
1’ 7 1/2”
Unmistakenly Minoan?
Minoan: (Crete)
Mycenaean (Mainland)
Called Cyclopean Masonry by writers in the 2nd century CE
(thought to have been built by the giant Cyclops)
Lion Gate: Mycenae
1300-1250 BCE
(excavated by Heinrich Schliemann)
This is the city of Homer’s
Agamemnon
“Mycenae rich in gold”
Mycenaean: Beehive or Tholos Tomb 1300-1250 BCE
Mycenaean: Shaft graves
Funerary Mask from Grave Circle A
Beaten Gold 1’ high--Repousse`
Schliemann mistakenly thought this might be the
Death Mask of Agamemnon himself (dates are off
by 300 years.)
Female Head, Mycenae
1300-1250 BCE
Painted Plaster
6 1/2” high
Warriors Vase
Mycenae, 1200 BCE
1’4” high
1300-1250 BCE
Painted Plaster
6 1/2” high
Warriors Vase
Mycenae, 1200 BCE
1’4” high
1300-1250 BCE
Painted Plaster
6 1/2” high
Warriors Vase
Mycenae, 1200 BCE
1’4” high
Warriors Vase
Mycenae, 1200 BCE
1’4” high
Warriors Vase
Mycenae, 1200 BCE
1’4” high
Warriors Vase
Mycenae, 1200 BCE
1’4” high
Mycenaean
Good Luck... May you remember everything!

Review Chapters 2, 3, 4 - Alta High School AP Art History

Transcription

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