(Smart Writer) 麗山高中英文科自編作文課程教材

Transcription

Smart Writer
Introduction
In the JCEE English exam, you will be asked to compose in standard written
English as a response to an assigned topic. That is to say, you are going to show your ability to
organize ideas and to support those ideas with proper description or examples. It takes 20-25
minutes to work on this section. The table below is an appropriate time arrangement you may
refer to:
A. Outlining
B. Introduction
C. Discussion and
development
D. Conclusion
E. Proofreading and
polishing
3-5 minutes
2-3 minutes
10 minutes
2-3 minutes
3 minutes
Estimation
25-30 words
70-100 words
2-3 sentences
6-10 sentences
25-30 words
2-3 sentences
20-24 min
120-160 words
10-16 sentences
Your writing is judged according to the criteria below.
內容
組織
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
總分
Content
Organization
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
Total Score
4
2
20
Structure
5
5
4
Usually testees’ composition scores can be divided into five levels.
Level
劣
差
可
優
特優
Scores
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-18
19-20
Here are some sample compositions of different levels.
學測英文作文評分樣例
Source: 選才通訊 142 期財團法人大學入學考試中心基金會
學測編號 1：特優－19 分 (題目為 93 年學測題，圖見 p.6)
One evening, a man named Kris attended a wedding party. It was held in a luxury hotel,
where there were a lot of guests.
Everyone talked lively and happily during the meal, including Kris. Being the best friend
of the couple, Kris drank a lots in ecstasy because he felt really happy for them.
Later, Kris excused himself and left the party. He stood on the road, waiting for a taxi. But,
unfortunately, he drank too much to stay conscious. Upon seeing a car coming to him, Kris
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waved his arms immediately, saying "Hey, Taxi!" loudly. Then the car stopped. However, Kris
wasn´t aware that was a police car, not a taxi!
Kris couldn´t remember anything that had happened during the drive to the police office.
He was waken up by a thunderous sound, "What are you doing? Do you know where it is?"
said the police officer. Kris was shocked to death but had no reason for explaination.
About 30 minutes later, Kris was allowed to leave. He was ashamed for his "trip to the
police office." He appologized to the police officer for his irrational behavior, and promised
that he wouldn´t do it again.
內容
Content
組織 Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
總分
Total
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
Score
3.5
2
19
Structure
5
5
3.5
學測編號 2：優－ _____ 分
One evening, John was invited to his old friend´s wedding. Meeting so many classmates
in university, he became more and more excited. He talked a lot with other, laughed happily,
and also, drank a lot.
When it got darker and darker outside, he knew that he had to go home. So much did he
drank that he couldn´t even drive home on his own. He then walked on the side of the road and
tried to find a taxi to take him home. He waved to the cars, shouted out something, and even
ran onto the road with his body turning round. Not long after he did these, here came a car. It
stopped in front of him, and he got on the car without hesitation. And soon, he fell asleep.
When he opened his eyes again, he found himself in the police station. To his dismay, he
didn´t remember what he had done yesterday. A policeman came up to him and scolded him
angrily. He was too embarrassed to look up at him. He really learned a lesson from the
impressing mistake.
內容
Content
組織 Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
3.5
1.5
總分
Total
Score
Structure
4.5
3.5
學測編號 3：可－14 分
One evening, there was a wedding party at a fancy hotel. The party´s atmosphere was so
happy and all people including the guests and the new couples cheered to each other all night.
Later, the party was over and every person was much drank.
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The night became darker and darker and there was few cars on the streets. One of the
guests was about to go home by taxi, but he was so much drunk that he couldn´t even
distinguish the taxi between the police car. He hired the police car and took on. The police
asked where he lived patiently, but he just kept smiled without saying any words…
The next morning, the man finally awoke, finding himself sitting in the police office. He
was shocked. When the police told him the whole thing, he felt so embarrassed.
內容
Content
組織 Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
總分
Total
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
Score
2.5
1.5
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Structure
3.5
3.5
3
學測編號 4：差－5 分
One evening, he go to a dinner and eat very much, drink very much. So he has a little
醉.When the dime in the end, he will go home by heself. He was walking on the road, and he
went to took a taxi. But, he was disunderstanding, he took a police car. And then, the police
take he to police 局. Next day, at 8:00am, he is disunderstanding, why he will in there? The
police is talk him, he was have 喝醉 yesterday. So he is very red-face, and then he just real go
home.
內容
Content
組織 Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
總分
Total
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
Score
1
5 (字數不足，另扣
Structure
1.5
1.5
1 分)
學測編號 5：劣－2 分
One evening, a man went to a party. He drinked much CH3COOH and that he felt
asleep.When the party was end he want to went home.He took taxi and sleep on the car.What
can the driver do? When the man opened his eyes, he saw aand his family.
內容
Content
組織 Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
總分
Total
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
Score
0.5
1
2 (字數不足，另扣
Structure
0.5
0.5
0.5
1 分)
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指考英文作文評分樣例
提示：請以"Travel Is The Best Teacher"為主題，寫一篇至少 120 個字的英文作文。
指考編號 1：特優－19 分
Travel Is The Best Teacher
I´ve been to many countries before, and I enjoy my trip very much every time. To me, travel
is the best teacher. By traveling, I can always broaden my mind and open my eyes to the things
about which I had no idea before; I could also see the things which appeared only in the
textbook before and that´s no doubt a wonderful experience.
Last summer, I went to Malaysia with a foundation, I used to consider it to be a poor country,
but I was totally shocked at how prosperous it is! So many tall buildings and well-organized
communities were right before my eyes! We also had some interaction with the local students.
I found their learning attitude very active, which was very different from that of the Taiwanese
students.
After my trip to Malaysia, I realized that many countries in Asia are prospering, while
Taiwan seems to be going backward. I also remind myself that we should never look down on
others, and we should equip ourselves with knowledge and unique perspectives, so that we
may be able to be outstanding rather than being overwhelmed by the others. We should be
more active in our learning and try to set up our goals.
If I hadn´t been to Malaysia, I wouldn´t have gained so many insights in these things. To me,
travel is truly the best teacher.
內容
Content
組織
Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
總分
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
Total Score
3.5
2
19
Structure
5
5
3.5
指考編號 2：可－13 分
Many people like to read books because we can learn a lot of information from it.
However, sometimes it´s not enough. For example, when the author described how spectacular
the view is, we can´t feel how it is, since we fail to experience it personally. At this moment,
all we have to do is go traveling. Only traveling can solve our confusion and satisfy our curious
heart. When we go traveling, we can extend our sight, know things that we never know and
even learn some lesson from it.
I remember that one time I took a trip to mainland china with my family. We paid a visit
to WestLake. The scenery I saw really breathtaking. I liked the lake when I was a child. But I
didn´t know how big it was! I was so excited that I ran aroud the lake. The astonishing view
was not a book could give me. Suddenly, I saw a person throw a gabage to the lake. How could
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he do that! It actually broke the impression I used have on the Chinese people. Maybe it was a
lesson for me.
內容
Content
組織
Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
總分
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
Total Score
2.5
2
13
Structure
3.5
2.5
2.5
指考編號 3：差－5 分
Travel is The Best Teacher
Travel is very nice. It can help us understand everywhere culture, and to meets different
people.And travel also can help us to knew everything.
Have some land is we study is our book. However, somewhere is we can go to travel.We
can knew differen culture, people, and life. For example, we go to travel in Japan.We can
meets people become friends and chat have something is we not.
I very like to travel. I´m hope I can go to travel every country.
內容
Content
組織
Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
體例
Example/Form
總分
Total Score
Structure
1.5
1.5
1
1
1
5 (字數不足，另
扣 1 分)
指考編號 4：劣－4 分
Travel can see a lot of country and study different educated. Some country have historic
site, some country have the religion, and some country have the technology etc.
內容
Content
組織
Organization
文法、句構
字彙、拼字
體例
Grammar/Sentence
Diction/Spelling
Example/Form
0.5
0.5
總分
Total Score
Structure
0.5
0
0.5
1(字數不足，另扣
1 分)
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台大外文系
Tips for writing English compositions
奚永彗老師
---Contents are important. No matter what you write, try to make readers know your ideas.
Write to the point. Do not squeeze a bunch of big words in the passage you write.
---英文寫作，常用字約 2,500 個。要領包括:
1. 掌握所學的字彙，正確地運用。
2. 不論寫什麼題材，用英文思考。
3. 寫的內容要有重點。
4. 少用 be、make、have。
5. 善用工具書，如字典，可精確掌握英文字詞用法。
6. 多閱讀好文章，方能寫出流暢的英文作文。
7. 「學英文是一輩子的事。」要想學好英文，每天須固定一段時間讀英文，
時時謙卑、自惕。
近幾屆非選考題
學測作文
92 年學測簡答與作文
提示︰請以 “Music Is An Important Part of Our Life” 為題，說明音樂（例如古典音樂、
流行歌曲、搖滾音樂等）在生活中的重要性，並以你或他人的經驗為例，敘述音
樂所帶來的好處。
93 年學測翻譯與作文
一、翻譯題 (10%)
1. 雖然 Lily 生來又瞎又聾，但她從來不氣餒。
簡答變翻譯，
認真練寫句子吧！
2. 她的故事證明了，我們只要努力必能成功。
二、英文作文 (20%)
說明︰1.依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。 2.文長120個單詞(words)左右。
*93年起學測英文作文改採看圖作文, 可以敘事文呈現。
提示︰請根據以下三張連環圖畫的內容，以 “One evening,…”開頭，寫一篇文
章，描述圖中主角所經歷的事件，並提供合理的解釋與結局。
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一、翻譯題 (8%)
1. 人類對外太空所知非常有限，但長久以來我們對它卻很感興趣。
2. 太空科技的快速發展，使我們得以探索它的奧秘。
提示：請根據以下三張連環圖畫的內容，以 “I n t he E nglish clas s
last week, …” 開頭，將圖中主角所經歷的事件作一合理
的敘述。
202
5
年
2005
年
1
月
15
1
一、翻譯題
(佔 8 分 )
1. 一般人都知道閱讀對孩子有益。
2. 老師應該多鼓勵學生到圖書館借書。
二、英文作文 (佔 20分 )
提示：根據下列連環圖畫的內容，將圖中女子、小狗與大猩猩 (gorilla) 之間所發生的事
件作一合理的敘述。
_
_
1. 如果我們只為自己而活，就不會真正地感到快樂。
2. 當我們開始為他人著想，快樂之門自然會開啟。
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提示︰請以下面編號 1 至 4 的四張圖畫內容為藍本，依序寫一篇文章，描述女孩與貓之
間的故事。你也可以發揮想像力，自己選定一個順序，編寫故事。請注意，故事
內容務必涵蓋四張圖意，力求情節完整、前後發展合理。
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
1. 聽音樂是一個你可以終生享受的嗜好。
2. 但能彈奏樂器可以為你帶來更多的喜悅。
提示︰你 (英文名字必須假設為 George 或 Mary) 向朋友 (英文名字必須假設為 Adam 或
Eve) 借了一件相當珍貴的物品，但不慎遺失，一時又買不到替代品。請寫一封信，
第一段說明物品遺失的經過，第二段則表達歉意並提出可能的解決方案。
請注意：為避免評分困擾，請使用上述提示的 George 或 Mary 在信末署名，不得使用自
己真實的中文或英文姓名。
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一、翻譯題 (佔8分)
1. 大部分學生不習慣自己解決問題，他們總是期待老師提供標準答案。
2. 除了用功讀書獲取知識外，學生也應該培養獨立思考的能力。
二、英文作文 (佔2 0分)
說明︰1.依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。
2.文長120個單詞(words)左右。
提示︰
請根據右方圖片的場景，
描述整個事件發生的前因
後果。文章請分兩段，第
一段說明之前發生了什麼
事情，並根據圖片內容描
述現在的狀況；第二段請
合理說明接下來可能會發
生什麼事，或者未來該做
些什麼。
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指定考科
91 年指定考科作文
文章請以 “If I won two million dollars in the lottery, I would help …” 開始，敘述如果你或
妳贏得台灣樂透彩新台幣兩百萬元之後，最想把全數金額拿去幫助的人、機構或組織，
並寫出理由。
提示︰小考、段考、複習考、畢業考、甚至校外其它各種大大小小的考試，已成為高中
學生生活中不可或缺的一部份。請寫一篇 120 至 150 個單詞左右的英文作文，文
分兩段，第一段以 Exams of all kinds have become a necessary part of my high school
life.為主題句；第二段則以 The most unforgettable exam I have ever taken is…為開頭
並加以發展。
從 93 年起，翻譯題成為
王道，怎能不練？
93 年指定考科英文翻譯與作文
一、英文翻譯 (8%)
(a) 科技讓我們的生活更舒適，然而它也被利用來犯罪。
(b) 根據最近的新聞報導，最常見的例子是網際網路詐財 (Internet scams)。
提示︰請以“Travel Is The Best Teacher”為主題，寫一篇至少 120 個字的英文作文。第一段
針對文章主題，說明旅行的優點，並在第二段舉自己在國內或國外的旅行經驗，
以印證第一段的說明。
94 年指定考科英文翻譯與作文
1. 身為地球村的成員，我們不應把自己侷限在這個小島上。
2. 我們不但應該參與國際性的活動，並且應該展現我們自己的文化特色。
提示︰指定科目考試完畢後，高中同學決定召開畢業後的第一次同學會，你被公推負責
主辦。請將你打算籌辦的活動寫成一篇短文。文分兩段，第一段詳細介紹同學會
的時間、地點及活動內容，第二段則說明採取這種活動方式的理由。
95 年指定考科翻譯與作文
一、英文翻譯 (8分 )
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1. 為提供一個無煙的用餐環境，許多餐廳不允許室內抽煙。
2. 雖然遭到許多癮君子的反對，這對不抽煙的人的確是一大福音。
提示︰人的生活中，難免有遭人誤解因而感到委屈的時候。請以此為主題，寫一篇至少
120 字的英文作文；第一段描述個人被誤解的經驗，第二段談這段經驗對個人的影
響與啟示。
一、英文翻譯 (8 分)
1. 大眾運輸的快速發展已逐漸縮短了都市和鄉村的距離。
2.
有了高速鐵路，我們可以在半天內往返台灣南北兩地。
二、英文作文（20 分）
提示：你能想像一個沒有電 (electricity) 的世界嗎？請寫一篇文章，第一段描述我們的世
界沒有了電以後，會是甚麼樣子，第二段說明這樣的世界是好是壞，並舉例解釋
原因。
1. 全球糧食危機已經在世界許多地區造成嚴重的社會問題。
2.
專家警告我們不應該再將食物價格低廉視為理所當然。
提示：廣告在我們生活中隨處可見。請寫一篇大約 120-150 字的短文，介紹一則令你印
象深刻的電視或平面廣告。第一段描寫該廣告的內容 (如：主題、故事情節、音
樂、畫面等)，第二段說明該廣告令你印象深刻的原因。
一、中譯英（ 8 分）
1. 玉山是東亞第一高峰，以生態多樣聞名。
2. 大家在網路上投票給它，要讓它成為世界七大奇觀之一。
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二、英文作文（ 2 0 分）
提示：如果你可以不用擔心預算，隨心所欲的度過一天，你會怎麼過？請寫一篇短文，第一段說
明你會邀請誰和你一起度過這一天？為什麼？第二段描述你會去哪裡？做些什麼事？為什
麼？文長約120至150個單詞（words）。
98 大考新變革
大學考試及題型
學測 ( 7 ~ 1 月)
指考 ( 2 ~ 6 月)
中譯英 (擇一)
句子合併/改寫
單句翻譯
克漏式翻譯
單句翻譯
克漏式翻譯
連貫式翻譯
作文 (擇一)
簡函寫作
主題寫作
看圖作文
主題寫作
主題句寫作
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Overcome the “Blank Page Jitters”
The Reporter’s Six Questions
記者的六個 Wh-問題
Newspaper reporters often answer six basic questions at the beginning
of an article: Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? Here is the
way one student used these questions to explore the general subject of
sports assigned by his teacher:
Who?
Players, basketball and football players, coaches, fans.
What?
Violence---I’m tired of that subject. Loyal crazy screaming fans.
Excitement. Stadium on the day of a game. All day partying.
Radios, TVs.
Where?
People gather in certain areas. Stadium all over the country.
When?
People arrive early morning. After the game, many stay on in
parking lot, talking, drinking beer. Year after year they come back.
Why?
Big social occasion, emotional outlet.
How?
They come early to get space.
Source: Evergreen With Readings: A Guide to Writing (1996) by Susan Fawcett and Alvin Sandberg
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Paragraph Form
Before you start to write, it is important for you to know the requirements of a good
paragraph.
Format in Your Writing
1. Write a title in the center of the top of the page. (if required)
2. Indent the first line of every paragraph.
3. Capitalize the first word in each sentence and end each sentence with a period.
4. Never put a comma, a period or a question mark at the beginning of a line.
5. Never put the first half of a quotation mark at the end of a line.
Content
6. Study the title and select what to be included in the writing.
7. Avoid run-on sentences---two sentences connected with a comma.
8. Avoid a fragment---a broken off piece or a part of a sentence.
9. Write straight to the topic sentence, 7-10 supporting sentences, and 1-3
conclusion sentences. No less than 120 words.
10. Proofread your article twice at least before you hand it in.
Exercise: Get the bugs out of the following paragraph. (5 in total)
The story of “The Phantom of the Opera” is essentially a tragic love triangle. The
performers of an opera house believe it is haunted by a phantom who is in reality an
opera singer with a horribly deformed face which he hides behind a mask. known as
the Phantom, he lives in a lair beneath the opera house, where he spends his days and
nights composing music that only he gets to hear, when he encounters a beautiful
singer named Christine, however, he breaks his isolation to become her singing tutor
, and soon falls in love with her. Under the Phantom’s guidance. Christine becomes a
star. But when the Phantom learns of her engagement to Raoul, her childhood
sweetheart, he is filled with jealous rage and seeks revenge on the couple. (132 words)
Source: English Digest July Issue 2009
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Write a Title
A title tells the reader the topic of the paragraph. A title is usually a word or phrase.
It is not a sentence.
Remember these points:
1. Capitalize the first, last and all the important words in the title. Do not capitalize
prepositions and articles. (Exceptions: Capitalize articles that begin the title.)
2. Do not underline the title.
3. Do not use a period (.), a common (,) or quotation marks (“”). But you can use an
exclamation mark (!) or a question mark (?).
Examples:
Right or Left Brain?
The Importance of Having a Friend
My First Day in the United States
Learning Can Be Fun, Too!
Exercises:
Say what is wrong with the titles below. Then write the titles in the correct way.
1. Eating In The United States Of America.
_________________________________________________________
2. “Learning English Is Important.”
_________________________________________________________
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Smart Writer
Develop an Outline
Outlines are a way of organizing your ideas for giving a speech or writing an essay.
Outlines are easy to write if you follow these three rules.
I.
Introduction
II.
Body
III.
Conclusion
So you really are going to tell your audience the same thing three times. An outline must
pass the following test:
Question 1: Does the Intro and the Conclusion say the same thing?
Question 2: Does the Body support the Intro?
If the answers to both questions are yes, then you have a strong, logical outline. If not,
then decide which part you want to change.
Exercise 1
Are you a good learner? What are some tips for becoming a good learner? Listen to these
people:
Speaker A:
Good learners are active in their leaning. They preview the new lesson before class and
review the lesson after class. They don’t study just for tests.
Speaker B:
Good learners are not afraid of asking questions. They always try to find answers to
their questions. They learn more by asking questions.
Speaker C:
Good learners use their time well. They spend some time studying every day. They
don’t study only before a test.
Speaker D:
Good learners concentrate on their studies. They think about only one thing at a time.
This helps them to learn better.
From the above-mentioned, good learners should be active, ask questions, use their time
well, and concentrate on the studies.
I.
II.
III.
Introduction:
Body:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Conclusion:
To be continued…
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Smart Writer
Exercise 2
I read newspapers for several reasons. First, I read for general information. This
includes important political news, sports events, and social happenings. Second, I read
newspapers for my hobby. I am a baseball fan, and I always read the sports section for reports
about the baseball teams, and their players. Third, I read newspapers for a brief moment of
entertainment. The comics are humorous. Fourth, I read newspapers to enrich my mind. The
editorials and the more cultivated writings on the papers are a good source for enriching the
mind. Finally, I read newspapers to keep myself abreast of the times. I want myself well
informed of what is going on around me. These are the main reasons why I read newspapers.
*be/keep abreast of the times: 跟上時代；不落伍
I.
II.
III.
Introduction:
Body:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Conclusion:
小叮嚀
有效率的寫作一定要先打大綱。剛開始時會花較多時間，但一旦習慣後，你應該可以在
兩、三分鐘內完成一個 120-150 英文單字的段落大綱。
1. The Topic Sentence 主題句
It introduces the topic and
2. Paragraph Development 段落發展
controls the information
a. _________________
b. _________________
c. _________________
3. The Concluding Sentence 結論句
Many sentences are given to
explain the topic.
It sums up the
paragraph.
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Smart Writer
Paragraph Writing (段落寫作)
一個完整的段落必須包括 (1)主題句 (Topic Sentence)，(2) 完整的內容敘述，亦即論述
(Discussion/ Main Body)，及 (3) 結尾句 (Conclusion/ Concluding Sentence)。
(1) Topic Sentence (主題句)
主題 (topic) 加上作者對主題的看法 (controlling idea) 就構成了主題句。一個段落通常用
來論述單一主題。主題必須明確，而且必須具備下列條件：
A. 主題加上作者對主題的看法 (Controlling idea)
Controlling
idea
Topic
Eating out is not always so convenient!
Controlling
idea
Topic
Scuba diving can be fun.
B. 主題句必須是完整的句子 (complete sentence)
Even if she is not in favor of my plan
Fragment (非完整句子)
Even if she is not in favor of my plan, I will get started anyway.
(完整句子)
Because he likes to watch TV.
Fragment (非完整句子)
He spent a lot of time watching TV because he liked to.
(完整句子)
C. 主題句的意義必須具體明白 (clear, definite, and specific)
John will never forget what had happened in his childhood.
(內容不具體)
John will never forget the car accident that happened when he was twelve.
(內容具體)
To dance well, you need to know something about music.
可以是音樂技巧，音樂起源，內容過於廣泛)
To dance well, you need to have a good sense of rhythm.
D. 主題句的用字遣詞必須正確
Mary is skinny and beautiful.
Mary is slim and beautiful.
(用詞不妥)
(用詞正確)
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(something about music
(語意清楚)
Smart Writer
Exercise
Choose the best topic sentence for each of the following paragraphs.
1. _______ The city needs more money and will have serious problems if it is not raised soon.
We need money to pay for new roads and the repair of old roads. We also need money to
pay teachers’ salaries and to pay for such services as garbage collection. In addition, more
tax is needed for financial aid to the poor.
A) Taxes should be raised.
B)
Many teachers are not paid.
C)
Tax money is used to build roads.
2. ______ It will be more difficult for you if you wait until just before a special holiday. Many
stores run out of more popular items so it will be harder for you to find what you want. The
stores are also more crowded, and the lines are longer.
A) Shopping is always difficult.
B)
The stores are crowded at holiday time.
C)
It is better to do your shopping before a busy holiday.
3. _______ For example, a person can have breakfast in Toronto, board a plane and have
dinner in Paris. A business executive in London can instantly place an order with a factory
in Hong Kong by picking up the telephone. A schoolchild in Japan can turn on a television
set and watch a baseball game being played in Los Angeles.
A) Airplanes have changed our lives.
B)
Advances in modern technology have made the world seem smaller.
C)
The telephone was an important invention.
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Smart Writer
(2) Discussion/ Main Body (論述)
In this part, several supporting sentences (支持句) are offered to elaborate the topic sentence.
Supporting sentences give the reader more facts about or examples of the topic sentence. They
must all be related to the topic sentence.
A Terrifying Day
September 21, 1999, was a terrifying day for me. I stayed up late to prepare for the test. I
was alone because my parents were out of town. At 1:47, suddenly, the room started to shake.
Some dishes fell to the floor. I did not know what to do so I got under the table. A few minutes
later, I came out and tried to turn on the television, but the electricity was off. After that, I tried
the telephone, but it did not work. Shortly after, the neighbors came to see if I was all right.
Not until then did I know a serious earthquake hit Taiwan and caused a lot of damage. I started
to worry about my parents. Luckily, they came back safe and sound the next day. I had a
terrifying day on September 21 last year.
哪一個是非我族類？
Exercise 1
Read the following groups of sentences. The topic sentence is given. All the sentences in each
group support the topic sentence except for one. Find the sentence that does not support the
topic sentence. Circle the letter of your answer.
1. Ginger is a traditional seasoning in China.
(A) It is used in many traditional dishes.
(B) The Chinese have used ginger for a long time.
(C) It is an old custom to use ginger when the dish has a strong smell.
(D) Ginger is expensive in the United States.
2. Soy beans are becoming popular all over the world.
(A) They have always been popular in Asia.
(B) They are easy to grow.
(C) They are not as good as meat.
(D) They have a high good value.
To be continued…
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Smart Writer
Exercise 2 Find the supporting ideas in the body.
There are many measures you can take to increase your chances of scoring well on the
writing test. First, think before you write. Ponder on the topic, search specific ideas to support
your conclusion and outline your thinking. Well-organized responses are more important than
lengthy ones. Second, write clearly. Always focus on clearly expressing your ideas. Make full
use of your vocabulary, but do not concentrate on using impressive words, especially if you are
uncertain of their meaning. Third, don’t be too creative. Don’t take stylistic risks, such as
responding with a poem. This is not a creative writing test. Make your sentence structure as
interesting as possible, but always stick to straightforward prose. Finally, stick to the topic.
Never write on a topic other than the one assigned. One of the best ways you can improve your
score on the writing test is by becoming familiar with the material it tests. Therefore, invest
your time and take more writing exercise. You will pass the writing test with flying colors.
Source: http://www.leapfrog.com/
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
Exercise 3 Write supporting sentences based on the supporting ideas given below.
There are various causes of teen depression.
A.__________________________________________________________________________
B.__________________________________________________________________________
C.__________________________________________________________________________
These are the reasons that lead to teen depression.
Supporting ideas:
A. study pressure
B. difficulty with relationships
C. demanding perfection
有關次序的轉折詞
2. first of all / for starter / to start with /
to begin with
3. then / next / last but not least
1. first…second…third…
firstly…secondly…thirdly…
in the first place…in the second
place…in the third place…
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Smart Writer
(3) Conclusion / Concluding Sentence (結論)
一段文章的最後，通常要有結語，以下是常見的結語形式：
1. 摘要法 Summary
2. 重述法 Restatement
3. 衍生法 Suggestion or Solution
1. 摘要法 Summary
Citizens in Taiwan have access to many different things. In the bookstores,
books, magazines and newspapers crowd the shelves. Family appliances and utensils
are always available in department stores and supermarkets. A variety of schools offer
different learning opportunities, whether vocational or academic. The latest
information is quickly available through computers, TV, radio. It seems that any
person in Taiwan can find whatever he/she needs, no matter what it might be.
2. 重述法 Restatement
I do not like the idea of making friends through the Internet. First, people tend to
adopt different identities online. They may lie about their names, address, occupations,
and so forth. We never know whom we are really talking to. Second, Internet surfers
are not always sincere. To get more responses, they say whatever is pleasant to ear.
This is because they know they do not have to be responsible for what they say. Last
but not least, chances are we may meet conmen. For instance, a couple of years ago, a
girl was arrested because she cheated money out of her Internet friends. For these
reasons, the Internet is undoubtedly far from a good way to make friends.
Example:
Topic sentence: Kimchi is an indispensable side dish at meals in Korea.
Concluding sentence: In conclusion, there is no day without Kimchi on the table in Korea.
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Smart Writer
3. 衍生法 Suggestion or Solution
It is dangerous to ride a bicycle in Taipei. There are few bicycle lanes in the
city, so most bicycles have to share the roads with all kinds of vehicles. Air pollution
also poses a grave danger to bicycle riders. It is certainly not a good idea to ride a
bicycle to work or to school.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Although people in China are earning money, they are facing more and more
social disorder. Too often one can see people spitting or littering at will. Burglaries
and robberies happen almost every day. The increasing number of traffic violations is
becoming a hazard for both drivers and pedestrians. Overall, many people are finding
life in China intolerable. The only solution is to enact and administer strict laws to
prevent such disorder.
Exercise 1 Select the most appropriate conclusion.
In my opinion, good eating habits and adequate exercise are the keys to losing weight.
First, eat a balanced diet. Avoid social gatherings where you may overeat. Eat only when you are
hungry and choose low-calorie food if possible. Also, exercise can always work wonders. No
matter how busy you are, spare some time for exercise. A good way to do this is to regularly
exercise with a partner who will urge you to keep going. _______________________________.
(結論句)
(A) In a word, losing weight is very important for many people.
(B) In conclusion, food and exercise are very important for our health.
(C) In brief, if you eat and exercise properly, you are sure to lose weight more efficiently.
常用在結論的轉折詞
*總之 in conclusion, in summary, to sum up, in sum, to conclude, in a word, to
summarize, to make a long story short
*基於這些理由 for these reasons, from the above, as has been said, from what I have
said, from what I have mentioned above
*簡言之 in brief, to be brief, in short, in a word, to be short
*因此 therefore, thus, as a result, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly
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Smart Writer
綜合上述，我們知道一個段落常有主題據、論述及捷與三部份。在下列段落中，前後畫底
線部份分別是主題句和結語，中間未畫線部分是論述。
To write a paragraph, you should follow certain steps. First, you must pick a topic, or think
about the topic you have been given. Next, you should jot down as many ideas as you can think
of about your topic, and form these ideas pick out the main points you will discuss in your
paragraph. Then, you can write a topic sentence that expresses the central idea of the paragraph.
After you have written the topic sentence, you are ready to develop your paragraph. You can do
this by writing a series of sentences that support your central idea. Finally, you should bring your
paragraph to an end by writing a sentence that makes the readers feel that your paragraph is
complete. If you are careful in following the steps explained here, you will be able to write a
good paragraph.
Exercise 2 Structure Analysis 結構分析
Composition A
1
How can we tell whether food is nutritious or not? 2First, to be nutritious, food must be
natural. 3Only natural foods offer us natural vitamins, minerals, and other helpful nutrition.
4
Second, to be nutritious, food needs to be fresh. 5The fresher the food is, the more nutrition it has.
6
Finally, nutritious food is eaten raw, or with as little cooking as possible. 7The Japanese often eat
raw seafood and some meat, ant they are very healthy. 8Europeans and Americans usually eat raw
vegetables and salads, and they grow tall and strong. 9Natural, fresh, and raw foods are the most
nutritious foods we can eat.
◆
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Smart Writer
Composition A 結構分析表
Sentence
Topic sentence-----------------------------
________
1st supporting idea-------------------
________
supporting detail----------------
________
2nd supporting idea------------------
________
________
3rd supporting idea------------------
________
________
(example)
Concluding sentence--------------------◆
________
Composition B
controlling idea
topic
1
A house-warming party helps people adjust to their new homes quickly. 2 Whenever
people move, they sometimes have the feeling that their new home—whether an apartment or
a house—is not quite yet a home. 3A house-warming party helps them feel right at home. 4The
people moving simply invite their friends to their new place for a party. 5The guest bring
presents for the new home, such as a lamp, a small table, or something for the kitchen. 6The
host prepares some food and drinks for their guests, and everyone has a great time. 7 Their old
friendship makes the new home feel warmer.
concluding
sentence
Line 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are
_____________ideas.
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Smart Writer
◆
Composition C
I support Mayor Hau’s crackdown on drunken driving.
Many people complain that the new law against drunken
__________ sentences
driving is too strict, but I don’t agree.
No one has the right to hurt others. Drunk drivers
sometimes hit other cars and even kill other people. Laws
are made to protect everyone, not only people who like to
drink. Besides, you can drink and have someone else drive
____________ ideas
you home or simply take a taxi.
Drunken driving is dangerous for everyone, so I support
Mayor Hau’s strict new laws against drunken driving.
___________ sentence
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Smart Writer
Unity & Coherence
Unity 單一性
Unity means that all of the supporting sentences must be about the controlling idea in the
topic sentence.
Example:
My sister Jamie is very shy. When there are other people around, she speaks very little.
Sometimes she does not speak at all, and even runs away. She is very quiet at home and at
school. You do not even know she is there sometimes. She is shy about her body, too. She never
goes to the beach or swimming pool. But she likes ice cream and cookies.
說明：The underlined sentence does not talk about why she is shy.
Underline the irrelevant sentences in the following short paragraphs.
Exercise 1
George has not been lucky in school this year. He got sick and missed classes, and could
not take his finals. He also lost his books. These were not only textbooks but also his notebooks.
Everybody likes George because he will go out of his way to help people.
Exercise 2
My Uncle Conrad is very clumsy. When he drinks coffee he always spills some on his
shirt. He has size 14 feet. In the shopping mall he walks into other people all the time. Last time
he came to our house he sat on the cat.
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Smart Writer
Coherence 連貫性 (transitional words/ phrases, conjunctions…)
Coherence in writing means that all the ideas in a paragraph flow smoothly from one
sentence to the next sentence. With coherence, the reader has an easy time understanding the
ideas that you wish to express. Most of the time, transitional words or phrases are used to link
sentences with particular logical relationships.
Exercise 請用一些轉折詞或連接詞將下面的句子合成一段短文。
My Sister Liz
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
My sister Liz was born lucky.
She has a beautiful smile.
She does something bad.
She smiles and my parents are not angry.
She eats a lot and does not get fat.
Her favorite meal is a double cheeseburger with French fries, a milkshake, and an ice
cream sundae.
She does not study hard.
She always gets good grades.
She does her homework in five minutes.
She watches television at the same time.
I believe some people are born lucky, like my sister Liz.
有關舉例的轉折詞
1. most important of all
有關結果因由的轉折詞有關強調附加性的轉折詞
therefore
1. certainly / surely / of course
hence
2. above / in particular
thus
3. to be sure / indeed
this is to say
accordingly
4. in fact
in other words
consequently
actually
to put it differently
in consequence
as a matter of fact
above all
2. that is
3. take…for example
take…for instance
as a consequence
的確
5. and so on
as a result
and so forth
4. for example
for this reason
and the like
for instance
because of this
6. also
5. such as
besides
in addition
moreover
furthermore
what is more
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…等等
Smart Writer
四種常用的文體：
Narration
(敘事文)：依時間的順序，寫經驗，事件發生的經過。例如
傳記、遊記、故事。
Description
e.g. My Last Summer Vacation
(敘述文)：通常描述人物、景色、物品。
Exposition
e.g. My Favorite Retreat / The Most Precious Thing
in My Room
(說明文)：通常解釋說明事情、觀念和方法。
Argumentation
e.g. Why Do You Want to Enter College? / Something
That Money Can’t Buy
(議論文)：以說理方式說服讀者相信其論點。論點要清楚，說
理要有力。可以舉事實或證據來強化論點。
e.g. Should Teenagers Be Forbidden to Surf the Net at
Internet Cafes?
Narration: A narrative essay 敘事文
1.
You are telling a story.
Description: 敘述文
Yo
寫人、物
You are depicting a picture.
列出與主題相關細節加以篩選
2. Use the 1st person point of view.
Space/Time order may be applied.
依空間或時間順序鋪陳
3.
Use past tense.
4.
Employ time order.
5.
Plots are involved.
6.
Account for when, who, where, what, how.
7.
Conclude with a saying or what you feel
about this event.
Examples◆
◆
◆
◆
xa
Examples-
Something Interesting About a Classmate of
Mine (90 年學測)
◆
My Pet
◆
My Favorite Retreat
◆
The Place Where I grew Up
◆
The First Time I Attended an English Class
A Turning Point in My Life
My Best Day at School
An Embarrassing Experience
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Smart Writer
Narrative Writing
Sample 1
An Embarrassing Experience
I still remembered that I once invited my girlfriend, Maggie Li, to an all-you-can-eat lunch.
She had stayed in Canada for three years and came back to Taipei on vacation last Christmas.
Having separated for over three years, we were all too glad to see each other and had an endless
chat. The restaurant we went to offered delicious authentic Italian food and we really enjoyed
every dish.
While eating, we talked about everything, including people we got acquainted with, the
things we consider interesting and the activities we had taken together. Of course we shared joys
and sorrows with each other. It was a short but wonderful time. However, when I was about to
pay the bill, I realized I had neither cash nor credit cards with me. Stunned on the scene, I didn’t
know what to do at all. Eventually, Maggie paid the bill. Although Maggie paid for me, this
experience is always too embarrassing for me to forget.
Sample 2
A Frightening Experience
It was a summer flight from Tokyo to Dallas. It was long and boring. Luckily, the airline I
chose had personal television installed on every seat. I remember I just watched Shrek the Third
and felt tired, so I decided to take a nap. All of a sudden, the aircraft shook dramatically. At first
I thought it was simply turbulence, and it would last a few seconds and end soon, just as other
cases of turbulence I had experienced before. However, this time it didn’t end, at least not in
seconds. My chocolate cake on the table, which I saved from the meal for snack, slipped on the
floor, and I didn’t have time to feel sorry because the plane immediately dropped a bit. During
the few seconds of dropping, it felt like the plane was going to crash---who knew it wouldn’t?
This falling scared everybody, including my parents, brother, and me; our hands were sweaty.
Even the flight attendants were asked to take their seats and fasten their seat belts. Some
passengers started screaming. I thought that was it; I, as well as my family, was going to die in
the middle of the Pacific Ocean! I tried to think if there was anything I should think up before
death, and realized that there was not much coming up to my mind. Thank God. Nothing worse
happened after that. After another eight hours we landed Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport.
I think I will never forget such a frightening flight experience!
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Smart Writer
Exercise
敘述一次你的經歷 (這經歷可能發生在短短幾分鐘內或長達幾天)，這經歷可能是傷心的
(sad)、可怕的 (frightening)、有趣的 (interesting)、或是不愉快的 (unpleasant)。敘述經歷
時，就像說故事，一開始就要交代場景、時間、地點、人物、事件及結局。請參考以下範
文，以 A/An _______ Experience 為題，寫一篇 120 字至 150 字左右的作文。
More topics for your reference:
1. A Dream I Had Last Night
2. An Unforgettable Trip to …
3. My First Day in Lishan Senior High School
4. My Last Year in High School
5. 請根據以下三張連環圖畫的內容，將圖中主角所經歷的事件做合理的描述。文長 120
個單詞 (words)左右。(97-1 北區模考題)
Write a draft (擬草稿)
(date) was a
day for me. I was _
because__________________________
Suddenly,________________________
A few minutes later,________________
After that,________________________
Finally,__________________________
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Smart Writer
Exposition
Sample
The Place I Would Like to Visit Most
The place I would like to visit most is Kyoto, which is one of the oldest cities in Japan. It
used to be the imperial capital and has numerous wonderful shrines and temples. The city is
known for its history, tradition, and beauty. When I first read about Kyoto and saw photos of the
city in a travel magazine, I was instantly charmed by its delightful appearance.
There are many things I would like to do if I were there. First, I would most love to see the
Golden Pavilion Temple (金閣寺), as it seems to be a place where one can forget one’s worries.
Another thing that appeals to me is Kyoto cuisine, which often features dishes that look like
works of art. Last but not least, I wouldn’t want to miss the graceful sight of geisha (藝妓)
walking down the stone-paved alleys. I hope I can visit Kyoto in the near future.
Source: English Digest July Issue 2009
Exercise
學校的課業壓力大嗎？與同學相處困難嗎？你氣餒、沮喪、心情不好的時候，有什麼排遣
的方法呢？以 How I Encourage Myself When I Fail 或 When I Am Feeling Down 為題寫一
篇 120-150 字左右的作文。
Introduction
Topic sentence ________________________________________
Body
The first reason is _______________________________________
(Supporting fact) ________________________________________
The second reason is _____________________________________
(Supporting fact) ________________________________________
The final reason is _______________________________________
(Supporting fact) ________________________________________
Conclusion ____________________________________________
More topics for your reference
1. How to be a Good Friend
2. How to Ease Depression
3. My Career Plan
4. Something That Money Can’t Buy
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Smart Writer
Argumentation
Sample
A Robot Teacher
In my opinion, you can get some advantages if you have a robot to teach you English.
First of all, you feel at ease and relaxed. When you make a mistake, you are not embarrassed.
Second, the student is in control. You can ask the robot to repeat something over and over again.
But you cannot ask your teacher to do that. In addition, learning with a robot is like a game. It is
fun, but learning with a teacher is usually not like a game. In conclusion, a robot teacher makes
you feel at ease, in control, and you have fun.
Exercise
The Pros and Cons of High School Dating
Some say dating one person in high school allows you to
know someone well and have someone you can rely on and hang out with. When you know that
you have someone at school that you love waiting to see you is a good feeling.
Some say high school students are too young to “settle down.” You need to meet other
people. Why maintain a relationship if you know it is most likely just going to end in hurt
feelings and a painful breakup? It is better to wait until you are a full mature adult to start having
relationships.
Still others say it is better to have loved and lost then to never have loved at all. They say
high school relationships might never last but there are some successful cases.
Various voices about high school dating
From a teenager:
I have never been on a date myself and think that it dating is a complete waste of time at this
age, but I am trying to change that. My older brothers and sisters have told me that it is for the
memories and it lets you experiment and it helps you know what you want in a spouse. You will
never know love without hurt and pain.
From a collegian who fell in love in high school:
The experiences you gain in high school will shape you for the rest of your life. It's not a
waste of time, but it can be very damaging if you don't do it right. Don't worry about having or
not having a boyfriend, but remember, your true heart is something very special, so be sincere
and serious about it. Remember, it doesn't
matter how you feel for any guy in
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Smart Writer
high school, you probably don't really love him. Learn from each of the guys you date.
Find out what qualities you look for in a guy. It will give you an idea of what to look for when
you are older. Good luck.
From a teacher in high school:
In my experience, most dating in high school ends in break up and lots of hurt. Some
people do actually marry their high school sweetheart, but it is rare. I find may teenagers
bothered by love affairs and they are not able to strike a balance between studies and dating.
Keep healthy relationship is the point, and it is indeed a tough lesson to learn about.
From an aggressive adult:
Seriously, I find dating in high school to be one of the stupidest things ever. I am strongly
against it. I know of only two couples that dated all through high school and got married. I think
I’m just being realistic. I try being objective and listen to my friends who are dating, but the
more and more I see these relationships fall apart, the more and more I know my view of it is
right. Here’s a list of my reasons why dating is a waste of time in high school.
#1 – It’s a waste of time
All the time that you could be learning and learning from everyone else in life. While
you’re out wasting your time with their partners, you are free to learn anything! Oh the
possibilities… You could become a senior web developer, an award winning designer, an
architect, a writer for the newspaper. All this time could be spent towards something that has
relevant to your life after high school.
#2 – It’s such a waste of money
Unless you’re making $100 an hour, then you have no business taking a girl on extravagant
dates. Spending your life savings on your girlfriend’s birthday present is stupider than spending
it on weed. Well maybe not, but they’re both just as stupid.
#3– You lose all of your friends
This is true about almost any relationship; the couple ditches everyone else so they can
spend that precious time with each other. Oh, did I mention that all that time was a waste? If
you’ve got close enough friends, then they’ll accept you back when you’ve broken up with your
“lover.”
p.s. Writing this makes me hate high school dating even more.
(Source- http://sdpurtill.wordpress.com/dating-in-high-school/)
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Smart Writer
From a teenager falling in love:
It is a wonderful feeling to go steady with someone. You know someone is always here to
be with you- a sense of mutual delight. Falling in love helps school go faster, gives me chances
to learn with friends of the opposite sex. Some say dating in high school might distract me from
studies. But, I don’t think so. If I perform well academically and hold the positive attitude in
learning, I can maintain good relationship with my boyfriend and do well in school at the same
time.
As you can see, there are good reasons to support each side’s opinions. Try to clarify your
ideas about high school dating and write your pros and cons of high school dating. Before
penning your article, you are encouraged to conduct an in-class survey to collect peer opinions
about dating and love.
Survey:
(adapted from Ms. Alice Chui’s teaching data)
Why You Want a Girlfriend/Boyfriend
Ask your classmates (at least three) and collect six reasons why some senior high school
students want to have a boy or girlfriend.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Smart Writer
Why You Shouldn’t Have a Girlfriend/Boyfriend
Ask your peers to collect six reasons why senior high school students shouldn’t have a boy
or girlfriend.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Base on the survey, write an article integrating the ideas you collect from your classmates.
You may apply some transitional words and phrases listed below.
Topic: The Pros and Cons of High School Dating
Pros and cons
pros
(advantages)
High School Dating
concluding statement
(your viewpoints)
36
cons
(disadvantages)
Smart Writer
Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between ideas in your
paper and can help your reader understand the logic of your paper. Below are commonly found
transitional words and phrases.
論點一
論點二
論點三
First,
Firstly,
First of all,
To begin with,
Second,
Secondly,
Second of all,
Next,
Then,
In addition/Besides,
Also,
More importantly,
Finally,
Lastly,
Last of all,
Most important of all,
Last but not least,
The first reason/advantage is
that…
The second reason/advantage
is that…
The final reason/advantage is
that…
For one thing,
For another,
無
Introduction
Topic sentence ____________________________________
Body
First advantage/disadvantage ________________________
(Supporting sentence) ______________________________
Second advantage/ disadvantage _____________________
In addition, third advantage/ disadvantage ______________
Conclusion ______________________________________
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Smart Writer
Summary Writing
A summary is a shortening of a text. When you summarize, you use your own words to give
the most important ideas from a story or article and you leave out the unimportant details. You
should not add your own opinions about the story or article in your summary.
Step 1: Underline the most important information in the article.
Step 2: Organize the information you have underlined into a paragraph according to the order of
time, space, importance, etc.
Step 3: Examine whether the paragraph you have written is shorter than one-third of the original
text. If not, take out some of the less important information that you have included, and
rewrite your paragraph. (from B4 Lesson 5 p.99)
要領如下：
(1) 仔細閱讀文章，充分了解內容。
(2) 找出文章的主題及支持主題的細節或要點。
(3) 用自己的話將文章大意簡潔扼要的寫出來。
Below is a summary of “The Happy Whitewasher.”
In this excerpt from Mark Twain’s famous novel, the main
character Tom Sawyer cleverly transforms a hard task into an
easy and profitable one. Young Tom is unhappy because he has
been ordered to whitewash his aunt’s long wooden fence. He is
also upset because he knows his friends will make fun of him
when they see he has to work. But Tom suddenly comes up with
an inspiration. He tricks his friends into thinking that whitewashing a fence is not hard
work, but fun. His friends even end up giving Tom their “treasures” in order to get a
chance to help out. Tom, it seems, has uncovered an interesting fact about human
nature: “in order to make a man covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing
difficult to attain.”
Exercise
Write a summary of the article _____________________________________________
(Your teacher will assign the topic.)
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Smart Writer
Letter Writing
標準英文書信的五個部分：
1. 信件右上角的日期。
2. 日期下一行左邊的稱謂，如 Dear Mr. Mullins, Dear John, 等等。
3. 信件的主體，位置在稱謂下一行。
4. 結尾位在主體右下方，例如寫給朋友的 Sincerely yours, Best wishes, 寫給家人的
Love,。
5. 位於下一行與結尾齊頭的簽名。
No. 100, Huang Sun Road,
Neihu District, Taipei City,
Taiwan, 114
greeting
August 8, 2009
salutation
address
& date
Dear Martina,
………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
Body/
purpose
………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
closing
conclusion
………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
postscript
p.s.
Your friend,
……………………………………
39
signature
Eric Wang
Smart Writer
◆
Conclusion-
1. Please give my regards/remembrances to your family.
2. Best wishes to you and your family.
3. All the best to you and your family.
4. I look forward to hearing from you.
5. Keep in touch.
Closing1. Yours sincerely, Yours cordially, (ordinary friends)
2. Affectionately, (intimate friends)
3. Yours truly, (business)
4. Respectfully yours, (teachers, seniors)
5. Faithfully yours, (social interaction)
◆
Sample 1
Eric is going to hold a birthday party tomorrow. Martina receives his invitation, and she
is eager to join the party. However, she promised her parents to put a priority on studies. So,
Martina writes a letter to Eric and tells him her dilemma.
August, 19, 2009
Dearest Eric,
To be rich in friend is to be poor in nothing! I am honored to receive the invitation to your
birthday party. But as the entrance examinations draw near, I am increasingly busy preparing
for them. You must know that I always have problems studying math. Many concepts and
formulas are too complicated for me to understand.
I promise my mom that I try my best to improve my math. I spend much time doing Chinese
homework and write two English compositions every week. I’ll sit for simulated exams the day
after tomorrow. I am now a bit nervous. My dad will fly into a rage if I do badly again. I wish I
could go to your party tomorrow. I hope you will excuse me for not attending your birthday
party. I am extremely sorry.
Along with the letter, I send you a gift. I hope you will like it.
Have a good time on your birthday.
Yours sincerely,
Martina
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Smart Writer
Sample 2
Huang Yu-ting wants to look for a part-time job in a fast-food restaurant during summer
vacation. Below is her job application letter.
September 8, 2009
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am an 18-year-old senior high school student. I saw your ad in the newspaper this
morning and I happened to look for a part-time job in a fast-food restaurant.
I am sure I am qualified for the job because I have the characteristics you need. First of
all, I am very healthy. I exercise a lot in my free time; I usually play basketball, go jogging
and swimming. In addition, I am very expressive. I have no difficulty expressing myself to
people, the young or the old, men or women. What’s more important, I am always friendly
and well-mannered wherever I go. I am so patient that I seldom get angry with people even if
they are unreasonable. With these characteristics, I am sure I will be a good clerk in your
restaurant.
I do need this job so that I can learn to stand on my own feet. I hope you can offer me
this chance. Thank you.
Sincerely yours,
Huang yu-ting
Exercise
Topic 1- As the JCEE is over, you are going to set off with a new journey in your life. Write a letter
to the teacher you respect most and show your gratitude to him/her.
Topic 2- Assuming that you want to look for a part-time job during the summer vacation, how will
you describe yourself to meet the demand of that job? What kind of job will you seek? Please set up
the condition by yourself and write a proper letter (within 150 words) to apply for the job.
Outline
I. Introduction: I am qualified for this job
II. Body: personal characteristics
(A) Being ___________
(B) Being ___________
(C) Being ___________
III. Conclusion: With these characteristics, I am sure I will enjoy working…
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Smart Writer
Three Steps to a Great Essay
The Essay Writing Process
Prewriting
To begin, you must first collect and organize potential ideas for your essay's focus.
Brainstorm
Make a list of the contents and create an outline. Find Patterns and Connections: Look for
patterns in the material you've brainstormed. Group similar ideas and events together.
Drafting
Now it's time to get down to the actual writing. Write your essay in three basic parts:
introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction gives your reader an idea of your
essay's content. The body presents the evidence that supports your main idea. The conclusion
can be brief as well, a few sentences to nail down the meaning of the events and incidents
you've described.
More reminders
Keep Your Focus Narrow and Personal
Your essay must prove a single point or thesis. The reader must be able to find your main
idea and follow it from beginning to end. Try having someone read just your introduction to
see what he thinks your essay is about.
◆
Be Specific
Avoid clichéd, generic, and predictable writing by using vivid and specific details.
Don't Use 50 Words When 5 Will Do
Eliminate unnecessary or BIG words. Don’t show off your vocabulary power! Unnecessary big
words irritate readers.
◆
Don't Forget to Proofread
Spelling or grammatical errors can be interpreted as carelessness or just bad writing. Don't
rely on your computer's spell check. It can miss spelling errors like the ones below.
"From that day on, Daniel was my best fried."
◆
Source:http://www.collegeboard.com/
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Smart Writer
Sample College Essay Questions
What Do Colleges Want to Know?
Generally, there are three types of questions: The "you," the "why us," and the "creative."
Here are tips and actual sample questions for each type. Don't assume that the questions are
currently being used by a college (most colleges adjust questions annually).
◆
The "You" Question
Many colleges ask for an essay that boils down to, "Tell us about yourself." The school just
wants to know you better and see how you'll introduce yourself. For example:
* "Please complete a one-page personal statement and submit it with your application." (James
Madison University)
* "How would you describe yourself as a human being? What quality do you like best in
yourself and what do you like least? What quality would you most like to see flourish and which
would you like to see wither?" (Bates College)
◆
The "Why Us" Question
Some schools ask for an essay about your choice of a school or career. They're looking for
information about your goals, and about how serious your commitment is to this particular
school. For example:
*
"Why is NTU a good university choice for you?"
*
"Please tell us about your career goals and any plans you may have for graduate study."
(Westfield State College)
Source:http://www.collegeboard.com/
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Smart Writer
Appendix
目前各類考試中常見的作文題型有五種:
1. 有提示的自由作文
2. 主題句引導作文
3. 情境作文
4. 書信寫作
5. 看圖寫作
寫作最重要的幾點:
1. 抓住主題
2. 時態的拿捏
3. 文思布局
4. 結論與主題的呼應
學測作文參考題目:
1. The Subject I Like Best in School
2. The Most Unbearable Thing
3. Something Interesting About a Classmate of Mine
4. If I had Magical Powers, I Would…
5. A Visit to a Doctor
6. A Special Day to Remember
7. My Best English Class Ever
8. An Act of Kindness
9. When I Am New to a Place
10. Perseverance
11. My Favorite Retreat
12. How I Usually Spend My Summer Vacation
13. My Proudest Achievement
14. One Day…
15. The CEE is Coming
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Smart Writer
16. Walking Out of the Store…
17. Being Late for School
18. A Letter to My Mother /a Friend
指考作文參考題目:
1. What Makes a Good Friend?
2. An Unforgettable Teacher
3. On My Way to School
4. The Difficulties I Have in Learning English
5. The Most Important Value My Parents Have Taught Me
6. Becoming a Senior in High School
7. A Slogan That Impresses Me the Most
8. A Library
9. Making Money or Leading a Simple Life
10. My Ambition
11. My Idol
12. My Favorite Book
13. After I Pass the College Entrance Examination…
14. Being Polite
15. Should the Lottery Be Abolished?
16. My Advice on How to Make Good Use of Your Time in High School
Don’t worry about challenges. Remember, a kite rises against the wind, not with the
wind.
44

(Smart Writer) 麗山高中英文科自編作文課程教材

Transcription

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