Chapter 5.5 Catchments and systems

Transcription

89
5
Catchments
and systems
5.1
Werribee catchment
94
5.2
Maribyrnong catchment
122
5.3
Yarra catchment
140
5.4
Dandenong catchment
172
5.5
Westernport catchment
186
The following chapter introduces the five major catchments in the Port Phillip
and Westernport region – Werribee, Maribyrnong, Yarra, Dandenong and
Westernport – and provides an overview of land use and the rivers, estuaries
and wetlands in each catchment.
Each major catchment consists of several sub-catchments, known as systems. It is at this scale that the expected
outcomes (the condition rating we expect to see in the future) for key values and implementation targets are
presented, while more localised information about waterways and key values is provided at management unit scale.
The system boundaries have been selected to follow natural catchment boundaries, reflect key values species’
distribution, and provide a scale appropriate to measure change in these values over time. As a small catchment,
the Dandenong catchment is one system.
For each of the 14 systems, this chapter presents information about the waterways, priorities and implementation
targets and the expected outcomes for key values to which the targets will contribute. The content includes:
>An overview of the waterways, values and challenges
>The historic trend and current condition for each key value, and the expected outcomes over 20 years and
in the long term
>Strategic priorities for the next 20 years
>Priority areas for investment, corresponding management objectives and implementation targets for the
five year life of this strategy
>Regional program priorities
The following pages provide a quick guide to interpreting the information presented.
Figure 5.1 provides a summary of the current condition and expected outcomes ratings for the key values in each
system. The expected outcomes have been established after an assessment of what condition is desired and what
condition is possible for these values. In establishing these outcomes, we have assumed our actions have a greater
influence than threats such as urbanisation and climate change.
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Upper
Maribyrnong
Fish
Werribee and
Little River Middle
and Upper
Frogs
Platypus
Lower Yarra
Cherry,
Kororoit,
Laverton,
Skeleton
Werribee and Little
River Lowlands
Macroinvertebrates
Middle Yarra
Lower
Maribrynong
Upper Yarra
Dandenong
Cardinia
Birds
Vegetation
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Mornington
Peninsula
Amenity
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Upper Bunyip
and Tarago
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Lang Lang
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Figure 5.1 Overview of current condition and expected outcomes by value per system
Healthy Waterways Strategy 2013/14–2017/18
Chapter 5: Catchments and systems
Table 5.1 Condition ratings explained
Value
Rating
Explanation
Fish
Very high
Almost all native species that have been recorded in the catchment present.
Native species greatly outnumber exotics
High
Most native species that have been recorded in the catchment present.
Native species outnumber exotics
Moderate
About half the expected species present. Significant proportion of exotic
species recorded
Low
Large proportion of expected species not recorded. Exotic species likely to dominate.
Poor diversity and abundance.
Very low
Most expected species not recorded. Exotic species dominate. Very poor diversity
and abundance.
Very high
Platypus abundant
High
Platypus very common
Moderate
Platypus common
Low
Platypus present in low numbers
Very low
Platypus present in very low numbers
Very high
Almost all species present
High
Most species present
Moderate
About half the expected species present
Low
Significant proportion of the expected species not recorded. Poor diversity
Very low
Few of expected species recorded. Very poor diversity
Very high
Excellent state of stream water quality
High
Healthy state of stream water quality
Moderate
Mild pollution
Low
Moderate pollution
Very low
Severe pollution
Very high
Almost all expected streamside and wetland species recorded
High
Most expected streamside and wetland species recorded
Moderate
About half the expected streamside and wetland species recorded
Low
Poor diversity, most expected streamside and wetland species not recorded.
Low abundance
Very low
Very poor diversity, most expected streamside and wetland species not recorded.
Low abundance
Very high
Vegetation largely same as the reference condition (Index of Stream Condition).
Waterway largely vegetated along and out from waterway onto floodplain
High
Vegetation largely the same as reference condition although species may be missing
and some weed invasion present. Waterway is vegetated along and out onto floodplain
although some gaps exist
Moderate
Vegetation resembles reference condition although species may be missing and weeds
present. Gaps along and out from the waterway onto the floodplain
Low
Vegetation may have some components of reference community but has exotic species
and fragmented
Very low
Fragmented and degraded vegetation
Very high
High level of satisfaction with amenity, appropriate facilities and good visitation
High
High satisfaction with amenity but not widely known for amenity in the region
Moderate
Moderate satisfaction with amenity but opportunity to improve satisfaction through
improved waterway condition or awareness
Low
Low satisfaction but with concerted effort (maintenance and/or improved condition)
may change
Very low
Low satisfaction, poor facilities, poor condition
Platypus
Frogs
Macroinvertebrates
Birds
AUGUST
2013
Vegetation
Amenity
Guide to interpreting system information, priorities and targets in Chapter 5
System overview
Information about the main waterways, records of key values and priority areas for 2013/14 –2017/18 and a future
vision is provided for each management unit within the system.
1
ek
k
e
Newham
Platypus During the 2011/12 survey period, one platypus was captured; a young adult male in excellent condition. Upper Deep Creek
contains highly suitable platypus habitat and it is thought that the impact of drought and low water levels contributed to the low rates
of recording.
e
Cr
er 3
p Creek
1 Lancefield
Numb
Cr e
Dee
Dry
Darraweit Guim
ek
nd
B oy d Cr e
Boli
Frogs Twelve of the expected 13 species have been recorded in this management unit which is home to vulnerable and endangered
species such as Bibrons toadlet, growling grass frog and southern toadlet.
1
Romsey
a
Cr
Cr e
Future management In 2030 stock have been excluded from waterways, and continuous streamside vegetation exists along waterways
with a biolink connecting the upper catchment to the Macedon Regional Park. Water sensitive urban design has been incorporated into
developed areas such as Lancefield and drought refuge areas are protected
ek
Riddells Creek
1
ek
3
Expected outcomes for key values
ee k
Gisborne
re
u Cr
Rosslynne
Reservoir
Priority areas Upper Deep Creek contains priority areas for fish, macroinvertebrates and vegetation. Management objectives are to
maintain the high species richness and abundance of fish; maintain macroinvertebrate diversity and maintain high quality vegetation.
pC
lls
Birds Insufficient surveys at management unit scale.
Dee
de
Fish Thirteen of the expected 17 species have been recorded, eight of which are native. Vulnerable and endangered species such as
Australian Grayling, mountain galaxias and Yarra Pygmy Perch are present.
Em
garook
Rid
e ek
Macedon
Upper Deep Creek management unit
Waterway overview Deep Creek rises near Newham in the Macedon Ranges and flows through the rural townships of Lancefield,
Romsey and Darraweit Guim before joining Jacksons Creek at Bulla to become the Maribyrnong River. The upper reaches of Deep Creek lie
above Romsey. Major tributaries within this area include Dry, Garden Hut, Monument, Boyd, Slab Hut, Number 3 and Linton creeks.
J ack
The historic trend and current condition
is described for each key value. Expected
2
outcomes for value condition at 20 years
Sunbury
and in the long term are proposed by
considering the waterway condition
improvements that willBulla
be possible to
achieve in these timeframes. All ratings
are averages for the system with local
variations at individual waterways.
MEASURE OF HEALTH:
Current
20 Year
10 YEAR TREND:
Long Team
Improving
Stable
Declining
No trend available
sons Cr eek
*Limited data used to determine the rating **Based on the score for streamside birds only (does not include wetland birds)
Since the 1990s, fish population ratings have remained fairly stable,
with a slight increase in the types of fish offset by declines in
proportion of native fish. Currently a diverse community of fish can
be found, however the proportion of native fish is moderate. Works
aim to improve number and abundance of native species.
Fish
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
Conditions ratings: The ratings are used
to describe the condition of the value
within the system. e.g. Very low means
platypus are present in very low numbers
while moderate means they are common.
For information on what the ratings mean
for each value, see Table 5.1.
Why no change? For some values the
condition rating is unlikely to change over
20 years, but that doesn’t mean that no
work is being done. In natural systems
there is often a time lag between works
and measurable improvement, especially
if condition has declined over the past
10 years.
What do these expected outcomes mean for my local waterway?
System averages: Each system contains a number of
waterways that vary in size, complexity, function and
in their ability to support waterway values. The current
condition, 20-year and long-term expected outcomes
for each key value is an average for the system.
The use of an average for the system is a necessary
compromise between the desire to understand and plan
for key value condition at the local waterway scale and
being able to accurately represent a baseline condition
score and observe change over time from the monitoring
data available. It means, for example, that at a local level,
waterway and value condition may improve, decline
or stay the same, although over the system as a whole
improvement is occurring.
Conditions ratings: The same condition rating (e.g.
high, low) for key values will look different between
systems. For example, annual rainfall, topography and
underlying geology of the Werribee and Little River
Middle and Upper system is very different to that of
the Upper Yarra system. Because of these differences,
we expect the vegetation to look very different between
these areas, even though both systems have vegetation
considered to be of high quality. Similarly, there will be
different fish species present in the Upper Maribyrnong
system compared to the Cherry, Kororoit, Laverton and
Skeleton system, although both fish communities are in
moderate conditions.
Chapter 5: Catchments and systems
20 year strategy priorities
20 years strategic priorities
are the management actions
that require a focus over
the next 20 years in order
to achieve the expected
outcomes for value condition.
In order to achieve these long-term outcomes, several key areas require our focus over
the next 20 years including:
• Implementing appropriate environmental flows regimes particularly in Jacksons Creek
downstream of Rosslynne Reservoir for fish
• Improving environmental flows in Deep Creek and Jacksons Creek (particularly low
flows) for platypus, and revegetating degraded streamside zones, targeting the section
around Sunbury for platypus
AA
Priority areas for investment 2013/14–2017/18
BB
C
C
D
D
EE
FF
G
G
0
10000
meters
11
22
derderg
11
R
22
iv
G o o d ma n C r e e k
er
33
Ballan
Pykes Creek
Reservoir
We r r i b e
Bacchus Marsh
Pa
5
Cre
ek
33
4
e River
rw a n Cr ee
66
ites
Merrimu
Reservoir
Myrniong
44
Pyr
k
55
66
Ballia
ng
77
Litt
le R
iv er
Balliang
LEGEND
ek
Stony Creek
Reservoir
Cre
Each priority area has a management objective to express the primary
management intent for the area and to guide work by Melbourne
Water and others over the life of the strategy. While works in each
priority area will benefit multiple values, the management objective
ensures the aim for the primary values is understood.
er
L
Priority areas are where protecting and improving waterway condition
will have the greatest benefit for the key values. These are the
areas where Melbourne Water will focus investment in on-ground
management approaches such as vegetation and habitat management
from 2013/14–2017/18. Melbourne Water also invests outside priority
areas to maintain system health and long-term potential where
possible and to address local priorities by working with others.
77
Fish
Amenity
Vegetation
Macroinvertebrates
Platypus
Waterways
88
Table 5.3: Management objectives for priority areas
Waterbodies
88
Towns
A
Key value
Priority area
Key management objective
Grid
reference
Fish
Parwan, Yaloak and Spring Creek above
the confluence
Maintain high species richness and
abundance of fish populations
6,B4
Lerderderg River at McKenzie Flat
BB
C
C
D
D
EE
FF
G
G
Note: These maps show priority areas for key values they don’t show all values or areas of local priority
D3,D31,C31,B2-1
Implementation
targets for 2013/14–2017/18
Implementation targets for 2013/14 – 2017/18
Amount
Km vegetation established to the required level to support waterway values
106
Km of vegetation managed to the required level to support waterway values
487
Km of waterway protected by stock exclusion fencing
128
Number of fish barriers removed
1
Ha of wetland habitat enhanced
0
Implementation targets for
each system represent the
management actions we
will undertake over the next
five years to contribute to
the long-term outcomes.
Regional programs priorities
Regional programs are
applicable to the system
as a whole, with priorities
determined in consideration
of program principles
and system needs.
Implementation targets
for the regional
management approaches
are included in Chapter 4.
Management approach Actions
Planning, strategy
and guidelines
Advocate for healthy waterways outcomes in statutory planning issues, when issuing
drainage and planning permits for buildings, undertaking flood studies and advising on
planning scheme amendments
Provide advice on local implementation plans and other guidelines, as appropriate to
assist in the management of healthy waterways
Advocacy
Build relationships with public land managers and advocate to ensure waterway
environmental values are not compromised and social values are maximised
Advocate with local government regarding planning mechanisms to ensure appropriate
land use, with a focus on high priority areas (for example, urban consolidation activity
near waterways)
A full list of
targets is in
Appendix 1
5.5 Westernport catchment
Catchment overview
The Westernport catchment covers 3721sqkm and has 2232km of rivers and creeks. The landscape varies – from
the hilly regions around the Bunyip State Park and Strzelecki Ranges, to the flat, undulating terrain of the former
Koo Wee Rup swamp region, to the marine environment of Western Port and its islands. It also includes the whole
Mornington Peninsula whose creeks discharge into Western Port or Port Phillip Bay. Annual average rainfall varies
from 946mm at the Tarago Reservoir to 691mm at Rhyll, Phillip Island.
Land uses in the catchment are diverse and productive. Some areas of the upper catchment, French Island and
some parts of the Mornington Peninsula remain forested. Most of the land is modified, supporting rural and green
wedge land uses. Primary industries include dairy farming, beef production, poultry, horticulture and quarrying.
Urban development, industrial zones, tourist development, lifestyle and hobby farms represent a smaller proportion
of the area. Despite these land use changes, some significant environmental values persist.
Surface water, groundwater and drainage are significant features of the Westernport region. The region supports
Tarago Reservoir, a water supply catchment for Melbourne. Surface and groundwater springs support many streams
and wetlands. Regional drainage and flood mitigation is a significant feature and challenge of the low-lying, former
swamps including the Koo Wee Rup-Longwarry Flood Protection District, which were drained in the mid to late
1800s to allow settlement and farming in the area.
The traditional lands of the Wurundjeri are in the extreme north of the catchment, the Boon Wurrung and Bunurong
lands are in the south and central areas, and these lands border with Gunai Kurnai lands to the far east. The coast,
wetlands, and river and creek corridors in the area would have provided an abundance of animals and freshwater for
Aboriginal people. More than 2000 Aboriginal sites are recorded in the catchment, with most of these being artefact
scatters and shell middens near waterways. Indigenous archaeological sites, such as shell middens, are also present
along the coast and likely to be found on Phillip Island and French Island.
The marine ecosystem within Western Port is of regional, national and international importance (including Ramsar
listing), and supports a range of mangrove, saltmarsh, seagrass, reef and soft seabed habitats. Our knowledge about the
Western Port environment has been captured in Understanding the Western Port Environment, a summary of current
knowledge and priorities for future research, released in 2011. This report is the outcome of collaborative research
involving the Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne Water and several other agencies in the
Westernport region who assembled an expert scientific team to review the scientific knowledge on Western Port.
Koo Wee Rup seen from Swamp Tower Lookout
186
Chapter 5: Catchments and systems – Westernport
Rivers
The rivers and creeks in the catchment have diverse form, vegetation and health. Major waterways include the
Cardinia, Bunyip, Tarago, Lang Lang and Bass rivers while a number of smaller creeks flow within the Mornington
Peninsula, Phillip Island and French Island.
Some waterways, such as the upper Cardinia, upper Bunyip and Tarago Rivers and Main Creek, retain much of their
natural vegetation, stream form and good water quality. These waterways support important environmental values.
Some of these waterways support large populations of platypus and native fish.
Some creeks on the Mornington Peninsula, Phillip Island and within the south-east urban growth corridor have been
modified by urbanisation.
Other waterways, such as the lower Cardinia, lower Bunyip and lower Lang Lang rivers and precept drains (a drain
in a flood protection area, see Chapter 4.7), have been constructed, channelised and heavily modified to provide
greater regional drainage and/or flood protection. Historical drainage works, along with historical vegetation clearing
and land use change, have resulted in deepening of waterways and degraded water quality and habitat across
Westernport. The resulting erosion issues have taken many years to address. Despite these changes and landscape
fragmentation, some local environmental values persist.
Estuaries
Several rivers and creeks in this catchment flow into Western Port and consequently a variety of estuaries exist.
Estuaries such as Cardinia, Lang Lang, Bass and Balcombe are permanently open to Western Port, while smaller
estuaries such as the Stony and Merricks are intermittently closed. These dynamic environments provide important
habitat for specialised plants and animals. Many shorebirds such as sandpipers use these estuaries for nesting,
foraging and roosting while other species such as ducks and cormorants require the different depths of estuaries
for feeding. Estuaries are also used by a wide variety of fish species – from those that are estuary dependent such
as yellow-eyed mullet to those that visit estuaries such as mulloways.
Wetlands
Several significant wetlands lie within the catchment, including the Ramsar site of the Westernport and adjacent
shoreline wetlands. These wetlands provide important habitat for animals such as birds and frogs. Saltmarsh wetlands
and tea tree have significant vegetation qualities and provide habitat for endangered species such as the southern
brown bandicoot. Constructed water quality treatment wetlands in this catchment play an important role in
improving the quality of stormwater before it enters Western Port.
Legend
Upper Bunyip
and Tarago
Cardinia
Reservoir
Waterways
Bunyi p River
Waterbodies
Cardinia
Towns
n
rdi
Ca
Officer
Pakenham
Ck
ia
Bunyip
Tarago
Reservoir
Jindivick
Tar ag o Riv er
Drouin
Mt Martha
Devilbend
Reservoir
Portsea
Koo Wee Rup
Lan g
Hastings
Flinders
Lang R iver
Lang Lang
Western Port
Lower Bunyip,
Lang Lang and Bass
French
Island
Somers
Ba
ss
R
Mornington
Peninsula
Main
Ck
Tooradin
Ck
Bal
com
b
e
Cardinia
iver
Phillip
Island
Figure 5.15: Westernport catchment and systems
187
History
Tarago reservoir opening ceremony
Devilbend reservoir constructed
1876 Koo Wee Rup
Swamp drained with
major changes to the
ecosystem
Wurundjeri, Bunurong, and
Boon Wurrung tribes live in
south-eastern Victoria
1837–1840 Initial
settlement primarily
pastoral runs established
1842 The first accurate
survey of Western Port Bay
was undertaken
1920s–1 960s Groundwater bores installed for
stock and domestic purposes, later for
irrigation. Significant reduction in groundwater
reserves until regulation in late 1960 s
1889–1900 Koo Wee Rup
Swamp drainage system
constructed. Bunyip Main
Drain constructed and
widened and deepened
repeatedly.
1924 Major flood on Bunyip
River at Koo Wee Rup
1920s Frankston
Reservoir constructed
The Westernport catchment remained predominantly
30 ,0 0 0 BC 1790
18 4 0
18 50
1840s Dominant land uses
following settlement include
resource extraction (namely
timber-getting , lime burning,
fishing and quarrying),
pastoralism, agriculture
(particularly vineyards and
orchards)
Westernport
Catchment
188
18 60
18 70
18 8 0
18 90
190 0
1910
1890s –1900s Development of sand
1870s Colonisation excavation industry in the Koo Wee Rup area.
of reclaimed areas
in the Koo Wee Rup
1900s Land clearing for
and Cranbourne
agriculture, grazing, dairy and
regions
horticulture and timber industries
1880s Construction
of Frankston Stony
Point Railway.
1910s Increased demands for vegetables for canning
was generated during World War 1 (1914 -1918 ) and
vegetable growing was encouraged
1911 Severe flooding occurred. Drainage improvement
plan proposed by State Rivers and Water Supply
Commission. The Lower Koo-Wee-Rup Flood Protection
District was proclaimed in 1917 and work commenced
Tarago Reservoir
1970s Recycled water made
available for primary producers
on the Mornington Peninsula
1934 Major flood Bunyip River at Koo Wee Rup
1936 Drainage improvement scheme
implemented in response to flooding.
Levee construction, sediment removal
and extensions to main drains
1960s Devilbend R eservoir constructed
rural up until after WWII
1920
1930
194 0
1975 Western Port Bay
Environmental Study
published (aka the
Shapiro report)
1950
1960
1960s Construction of the
Gunnamatta sewage outfall
1950s–1960s Market gardening established
in Koo Wee Rup and Cranbourne regions
1950s–1960s Major port and industrial
development at Hastings /Crib Point
1950s–1970s Urbanisation
of north Mornington
Peninsula to Portsea
1970
198 0
1989 Melbourne Water
formed under Water
Act (198 9) – to be
responsible for
wholesale water supply
and sewerage and
waterway management
1970s–1990s Urbanisation of
southern Mornington Peninsula
1960s Peak of French Island
seagrass harvesting industry
(mainly based on harvest
from seagrass washed ashore)
1995 Mornington Peninsula
National Park established
2002 Mushroom Reef Marine Park, Yaringa, French
Island, Churchill Island Marine National Parks
established
1980s Works carried out to stabilise
lower Bunyip and Lang Lang Rivers
Focus on river flows to reduce flooding
1930s–1950s Urban
boundary extend to
Frankston area
1992 Bunyip State Park established
1970s Awareness of Western Port degradation
and growing conservation movement
1950s–1960s Irrigation systems developed
to service growing market garden industry
1969 Tarago Reservoir constructed
1982 Westernport nominated as
a RAMSAR site
2000s Urban
expansion of
Pakenham and
Cranbourne
2002 Water (Irrigation Farm Dams) Act ,
requiring the registration or licensing of
irrigation and commercial farm dams
1990
20 0 0
20 10
Prolonged period of drought
2005 Point
Nepean
National
Park
established
2005 Melbourne Water
region extended to
include the Bass River
and parts of the
Mornington Peninsula
2009 Melbourne Water puts Tarago
Reservoir on-line after taking it offline
in 1994. Environmental entitlements
included in the operation of the resevoir
2009 Construction of the Victorian
Desalination Plant commenced
189
Upper Bunyip and Tarago system
The major waterways in this system are the Bunyip and Tarago rivers; smaller tributaries include Cannibal and
Labertouche creeks. Waterways in this system are mainly situated within state forest and so are in a mostly natural
state. The headwaters of Tarago River are in the Tarago State Forest and flow into Tarago Reservoir at Neerim, high in
the Tarago catchment.
These waterways contain floodplain and wetland habitat, and several small waterways are spring-fed. These upper
forested and rural waterways support multiple and varied values, including water supply, farming and lifestyle,
and recreational use such as fishing and picnicking. The waterways also incorporate Indigenous and European
heritage values.
Several significant animal species occur within the system including azure kingfishers, Australian grayling, Warragul
burrowing crayfish and platypus. Consultation with the community highlighted the value of these species and the
amenity associated with agricultural and recreational areas.
Challenges for waterway health include managing environmental flows and providing habitat connectivity for plants
and animals, while balancing water supply and rural community access and use.
Table 5.38 summarises the historic trend, current condition and expected outcomes for each key value. In setting
expected outcomes, we consider the values and challenges present in this system and balance community desires
with what is practical.
Table 5.38: Historic trend, current condition and expected outcomes for key values in the
MEASURE OF HEALTH:
Current
20 year
10 YEAR TREND:
Long term
Improving
Stable
Declining NT No trend available
The lower Tarago River has the highest known abundance of
platypus in the Westernport catchment, but platypus populations
have declined significantly over the past 200 years. The drought
over the past 10 years is considered a key reason for the recorded
decline over that period. The population condition is rated as very
low. Works aim to improve condition to low over the next 20 years,
and to moderate in the long term.
Platypus
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The variety and proportion of native fish is very high. Works aimed
at maintaining fish habitat and passage will maintain this condition
into the future.
Fish
Very High
*
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The diversity of frog populations is moderate, and has been
consistent over the past decade. Works aim to improve condition
to high over the next 20 years through improvements in
floodplain habitat.
Frogs
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
190
Based on streamside bird data, the variety and proportion of native
bird species is moderate. Works focusing on improving habitat aim to
maintain this condition over the next 20 years with improvements
in the long term.
Birds
Very High
High
Moderate
NT
**
Low
Very Low
The upper reaches of waterways are largely within state parks,
with vegetation condition declining in lower reaches. Overall
condition is rated as moderate with works over the next 20 years
aiming to improve this to high, and very high in the long-term.
Vegetation
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The condition of macroinvertebrate populations is high in forest
reaches, with some decline in rural sections. Works to protect and
improve water quality and habitat aim to raise this condition to
very high in the next 20 years and beyond.
Macroinvertebrates
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
High amenity values are still provided and reserved through
natural forests, picnic areas along rivers and streams and vistas
along waterway corridors.
Amenity
Very High
High
NT
*
Moderate
Low
Very Low
20 year strategic priorities
In order to achieve these long-term outcomes, several key areas require our focus over the next 20 years including:
>Improving habitat quality in rural areas through revegetating and controlling tree weeds (especially willows)
in waterways for fish
>Reducing competition and predation from introduced fish, particularly mosquito fish,
through habitat manipulation
>Linking habitat for frogs through streamside vegetation
>Improving habitat for platypus by revegetating degraded areas
>Maintaining water quality in forested areas and improving streamside vegetation for macroinvertebrates
>Maintaining and increasing bird, vegetation and amenity condition through vegetation works.
These strategic priorities will require ongoing investment over the next 20 years and beyond, so it may
not be possible to invest in all priorities within the five year period of the strategy.
191
Bu
LEGEND
1
ny
Management unit #
Management unit
boundaries
Priority Areas
Back Cree
Waterways
ip
Riv
k
Di am ond C r ee k
Waterbodies
er
1
2
Tarago
Reservoir
Waterways assessed
for vegetation quality
ee
eek
Bu
ib
Cr
Cr
nn
al
0
Jindivick
k
Ca
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
ip
ny
Riv
er
La
r
be
to
uc
he
Tar ag
o Rive
r
Robin Hood
10000
meters
Drouin
1
Tarago River management unit
Waterway overview The Tarago River rises in the Tarago State
Forest. The Tarago East Branch rises near Nayook and flows
through predominantly rural land before joining the Tarago
West Branch just upstream of the Tarago Reservoir at Neerim.
Downstream of the reservoir, the river flows through Rokeby
and Robin Hood before joining the Bunyip River at Longwarry
North. Tributaries of the Tarago River include Labertouche,
Whiskey, Gum Scrub and Spion Kopje creeks.
Platypus Three platypuses were captured at Labertouche
during the 2011/12 survey season. Two were recaptures (one
adult male, one adult female) and one was a new adult male.
Two platypuses were captured at Upper Tarago, both were new
adult females in poor condition.
Frogs All nine expected species have been recorded in this
management unit which is home to endangered and vulnerable
species such as growling grass frog and southern toadlet.
2
Priority areas Tarago River contains priority areas for fish,
macroinvertebrates, platypus and vegetation. Management
objectives are to maintain species richness and abundance
of fish, maintain macroinvertebrate diversity, stabilise and
increase platypus populations and maintain, improve and
minimise the impacts on high quality vegetation.
Future management In 2030, areas of remnant vegetation
have been reconnected and create a continuous vegetated
streamside corridor. Fish barriers have been removed in both
the lower Bunyip River catchment and on the local creeks
allowing a wide range of migratory fish to recolonise the area.
Middle and Upper Bunyip River management unit
Waterway overview The Bunyip River originates upstream
of the forested Bunyip State Park. The middle and upper
sections of the Bunyip River lie upstream of the Princes
Freeway. Much of the catchment is within the State Park,
and major tributaries include Back, Diamond, Two Mile
Cannibal, Diamond and Tea Tree creeks.
Platypus One new juvenile female platypus in good condition
was captured during the 2011/12 survey season. This is the
first capture at Bunyip since March 2010. Catch rates have
historically been low at this location although surveys have
been limited.
Frogs All nine expected species have been recorded in this
192
Fish Sixteen of the expected 17 species have been recorded
in this management unit, 11 of which are native. Vulnerable
and endangered species such as Australian grayling, mountain
galaxias, river blackfish and spotted galaxias are present.
Fish Sixteen of the expected 17 species have been recorded
and endangered species such as Australian grayling,
dwarf galaxias, mountain galaxias, river blackfish and
spotted galaxias are present.
Priority areas Middle and Upper Bunyip River contains priority
areas for platypus, vegetation, macroinvertebrates and fish.
Management objectives are to stabilise and increase the
abundance of platypus, improve and minimise impacts
on vegetation, maintain macroinvertebrate diversity and
maintain diversity and abundance of fish.
Future management In 2030, areas of revegetation and stock
exclusion have reconnected remnant vegetation. Fish barriers
have been removed in the lower Bunyip River catchment and
on the local creeks enabling a wide range of migratory fish to
recolonise this area.
Priority areas for investment have been identified as regionally important for on-ground works over the life of
the strategy. Each priority area has a management objective to guide works. These works, which contribute to
the long-term outcomes based on principles outlined in Chapter 2, will be complemented by regional programs
in this system. Most places that the community identified as being of value coincide with these priority areas.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1
1
Bu
ny
2
Back Cree
ip
Ri v
er
2
k
Di am on d Cr ee k
Jindivick
ee
nn
ib
Cr
ee
k
Bu
al
5
4
Cr
Ca
4
3
Tarago
Reservoir
k
3
LEGEND
ny
i
iv
pR
er
L
e
ab
rt o
u
e
ch
Ta r a g
o Rive
r
Robin Hood
5
Fish
Macroinvertebrates
Vegetation
Drouin
Platypus
Waterways
Waterbodies
6
Towns
0
10000
6
meters
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Figure 5.16: Upper Bunyip and Tarago system priority areas
Grid
reference
Key value
Priority area
Fish
Bunyip and Tarago rivers above their
confluence
Maintain high species richness and
abundance of fish populations
All
Macroinvertebrates
Bunyip River at Bunyip State Park
Maintain number of
macroinvertebrate families present
B3 to C1 to
G2 to C4
Vegetation
Bunyip River headwaters above
Diamond Creek confluence
Maintain vegetation to high quality
G3-2 to
B3-2
Labertouche Creek, Tarago River
and Middle Bunyip River
Improve vegetation condition
and minimise impacts on high
value areas
D4 to G4
Stabilise or increase relative
abundance of platypus population
D5- 3, E4,
E5-G4
Cannibal Creek to Bunyip River
foothill streams
Platypus
Labertouche Creek, Tarago and Upper
Bunyip River
C4, B3
193
Implementation targets are a summary of the works we will undertake over the next five years to contribute to the
long-term outcomes. Most of these works will be focused in priority areas, but regional programs will also contribute
to meeting these targets.
Table 5.40: Implementation targets for the Upper Bunyip and Tarago system
Target
Amount
36
199
Km of stock exclusion fencing constructed
40
0
Ha of aquatic habitat improved to the level required to support waterway values
2
Regional program priorities
In addition to the works targeting priority areas, the following regional actions will be undertaken in this system.
Table 5.41: Regional program actions for the Upper Bunyip and Tarago system
Planning, strategy
and guidelines
Advocate for healthy waterways outcomes in statutory planning when issuing drainage
and planning permits for buildings, undertaking flood studies and advising on planning
scheme amendments
Provide advice on local implementation plans and other guidelines to assist in the
management of healthy waterways
Advocacy
Advocate with local government on planning mechanisms to ensure appropriate
land use
Enforcement
Work with other agencies to clarify roles and responsibilities and enforce regulations
concerning poor land practice
Continue to take compliance action against unauthorised works and encroachment
issues where appropriate
Building stewardship and Provide incentives and support for individuals, community groups and local government
sharing knowledge
for waterway management activities such as fencing, weed control, vegetation
establishment and pest control
Continue to support community initiatives such as Waterwatch and Frog Census
Implement a knowledge-sharing program with communities, stakeholders and
Traditional Owners throughout the Port Phillip and Westernport region, with activities
including field days, seminars, written information and online resources
Habitat management
194
Implement seasonally adaptive management plans for identified refuge sites, and
identify new sites as new knowledge becomes available
Asset protection and
renewal
Manage high priority erosion issues including new erosion problems and repair and
replace degraded infrastructure. Techniques will involve ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ engineering
options including vegetation-based interventions, grade control structures (rock
chutes) and rock-armoured banks. Preference will be given to solutions based solely
on streamside vegetation (because these provide multiple benefits of stability, habitat
and cost-effectiveness)
Ensure existing hydraulic capacity issues are managed appropriately through a program
of maintenance. Ensure any works do not reduce hydraulic capacity, particularly for
sensitive waterways, for example Tea Tree Creek through Garfield and the low-flow
channel in Tarago River downstream of the reservoir
Stormwater
management
Deliver rural and urban runoff management programs to protect and improve key
values in priority areas including:
• Working with local government and the community to deliver on-ground works
and planning activities to protect and improve waterways
• Facilitating the adoption of sustainable road upgrade practices by road managers
in rural and peri-urban areas
Environmental water
Deliver environmental water from the entitlement and monitor its effectiveness to
improve environmental values in the upper Tarago River
Diversions
Continue to work with Southern Rural Water in both a partnership and licensing referral
agency role to ensure appropriate issuing and management of groundwater and surface
water diversions in the catchment
Lower Bunyip, Lang Lang and Bass system
The major waterways in this system are the lower Bunyip River, Lang Lang River and Bass River. Smaller tributaries
include Little Lang Lang River and Yallock, Pheasant, Minnieburn, O’Mahoneys and Allsop creeks. Floodplain and
wetland habitat exists along these waterways. Several small waterways are spring-fed. Candowie Reservoir and
two other small reservoirs are located high in the Bass catchment.
Westernport estuaries include the Little Lang Lang River and Yallock, Pheasant, Minnieburn, O’Mahoneys and Allsop
creeks. These support internationally recognised wetland habitat and animals, such as shore and seabirds, and contain
important vegetation types such as saltmarsh and mangroves. These habitats are valued by the community and are
vital for marshbirds and the southern brown bandicoot.
These primarily rural waterways support multiple and varied values and uses including water supply, flood mitigation,
townships, adjacent primary production and lifestyle, recreational use such as fishing and picnicking, and significant
plant and animal species (including platypus and Australian grayling). These waterways also incorporate significant
Indigenous and European heritage values. Challenges for waterway health in this system include balancing multiple
waterway management objectives such as flood mitigation, habitat protection and rural community access and use.
These primarily rural waterways support multiple and varied values and uses including water supply, flood mitigation,
townships, adjacent primary production and lifestyle, recreational use such as fishing and picnicking, and significant
plant and animal species (including platypus and Australian grayling). These waterways also incorporate significant
Indigenous and European heritage values. Challenges for waterway health in this system include balancing multiple
waterway management objectives such as flood mitigation, habitat protection and rural community access and use.
195
1
Bass River management unit
Tynong Garfield
Bunyip
Nar Nar Goon
Waterway overview The Bass River rises near Korumburra in
the South Gippsland Highlands, flowing though Glen Forbes
and Bass before entering Western Port north of San Remo.
The Bass River has geological and geomorphic significance,
featuring river terraces and alluvial deltas.
Longwarry
er
ip Riv
Buny
Ya
reek
ck C
llo
Little Lang La
Lang Lang
ng
Priority areas Bass River contains priority areas for
vegetation. Management objectives are to maintain
and improve vegetation.
Future management In 2030, targeted weed control programs
control the weed Spartina in the estuary and surrounding
coastal area, stock have been excluded from floodplain
wetlands and native vegetation has been established.
Barriers to fish migration have been removed lower in
the catchment and from a number of tributaries, allowing
fish passage along the river.
2
0
10000
B
meters
ive
sR
as
ee k
t Cr
r
ve
Ri
Fish Ten of the expected 21 species have been recorded in this
management unit, five of which are native. The endangered
spotted galaxias is present.
e
O’Mahon ys Creek
Lang Lang River
Monomeith
n
asa
Phe
Frogs Ten of the expected 11 species have been recorded
in this management unit which is home to endangered
and vulnerable species such as growling grass frog and
southern toadlet.
3
Bayles
Koo-Wee-Rup
r
1
Candowie
Reservoir
LEGEND
1
Management unit #
Management unit
boundaries
Priority Areas
Waterways
Waterbodies
Waterways assessed
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
2
Lang Lang River management unit
Waterway overview The headwaters of the Lang Lang
River rise in the Strzelecki Ranges near Poowong. The river
flows north initially until it meets O’Mahoneys’ Creek,
then flows west before entering Western Port near the
Lang Lang township. Other tributaries include Minnieburn
Creek, Pheasant Creek, Adams Creek, Red Bluff Creek and
the Little Lang Lang River.
Platypus Two platypuses were captured at Athlone during
the 2011/12 survey season (one male in average condition,
one female in good condition).
in this management unit. This management unit is home
to endangered and vulnerable species such as growling
grass frog and southern toadlet.
196
Fish Nineteen of the expected 21 species have been recorded
and endangered species such as Australian grayling, dwarf
Priority areas Lang Lang River contains priority areas for
platypus, fish and birds. Management objectives are to stabilise
populations and increase platypus abundance.
Future management In 2030, revegetation and stock
exclusion have created a largely continuous vegetation corridor
along the river and fish barriers will be modified to allow the
passage of migratory fish.
3Lower Bunyip River management unit
Waterway overview The lower Bunyip River extends from
the Princes Freeway through the former Koo Wee Rup Swamp
and enters Western Port near Koo Wee Rup. Other waterways
in this area include Yallock Creek and Monomeith Drain.
Platypus One new adult female in good condition was
captured at Pakenham during the 2011/12 survey season.
in this management unit. This management unit is home
to endangered and vulnerable species such as growling
Priority areas Lower Bunyip River contains priority areas
for platypus and birds. Management objectives are to stabilise
and increase platypus abundance, improve the diversity and
abundance of streamside and wetland birds.
Future management In 2030, vegetation is managed in a
way that balances both habitat needs and drainage channel
capacity. Fish barrier removal has provided important habitat
for a range of migratory fish.
Fish Eighteen of the expected 21 species have been recorded
and endangered species such as Australian grayling, dwarf
MEASURE OF HEALTH:
Current
20 year
10 YEAR TREND:
Long term
Improving
Stable
A decline in platypus numbers has occurred due to significant
alteration and disturbance of waterways. The population of platypus
in Lang Lang River is small and following many years of drought,
numbers are considered to be critically low. Works aim to stabilise
this population to allow for improvement over the long term.
Platypus
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The condition of fish populations is high. Works aim to maintain
condition over the next 20 years. Works to improve habitat and fish
passage may result in migratory species such as smelt and lamprey
being recorded again.
Fish
Very High
High
*
Moderate
Low
Very Low
197
Frog diversity is very high. Maintaining this condition over the
next 20 years and beyond will be the focus of floodplain works.
Frogs
Very High
NT
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
Bird condition is based on streamside birds only. The number and
variety of species is very low. Works to improve habitat aim to raise
this condition to low over 20 years and moderate in the long term.
The long-term condition will be limited by the lack of large forested
areas as habitat.
Birds
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
Vegetation has been subject to widespread clearing and condition
is very low. Works concentrating on streamside revegetation will
aim to improve condition to moderate over the next 20 years.
The presence of levees and the need to maintain hydraulic capacity
will limit the ability to achieve high vegetation on all waterways in
this system.
NT
Vegetation
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
*
Very Low
Macroinvertebrate condition is moderate. Improvements in
streamside vegetation and stormwater management – therefore
habitat and water quality – aim to improve this condition to high
within the next 20 years.
**
Macroinvertebrates
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
Some waterways have been dramatically altered and amenity
is low. Actions targeted at improving vegetation will increase the
condition to moderate in the long term, but the small amount of
public land and limited access to waterways will restrict the overall
gain possible.
Amenity
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
NT
Very Low
>Improving habitat quality through revegetation and controlling tree weeds (especially willows)
in waterways for fish
> Reducing competition and predation by introduced fish
> Providing fish passage through the Lang Lang River
> Linking habitat for frogs by improving or establishing streamside vegetation
> Improving habitat for platypus through weed control and revegetation
> Improving streamside vegetation for macroinvertebrates, birds, vegetation and amenity.
These strategic priorities will require ongoing investment over the next 20 years and beyond, so it may not
be possible to invest in all priorities within the five year period of the strategy.
198
Priority areas for investment have been identified as regionally important for on-ground works over the life of the
strategy. Each priority area has a management objective to guide works. These works, which contribute to the longterm outcomes based on principles outlined in Chapter 2, will be complemented by regional programs in this system.
Most places that the community identified as being of value coincide with these priority areas.
A
B
C
D
1
E
F
1
Tynong Garfield
Bunyip
Nar Nar Goon
Longwarry
2
Buny
e
ip Riv
r
2
Bayles
Koo Wee Rup
kC
loc
Ya
3
Monomeith
e
O’Mahon ys Creek
Lang Lang River
Little Lang La
ng
B
6
4
reek
nt C
r
5
as a
ve
Ri
4
3
Phe
Lang Lang
reek
r
iv e
R
s
as
5
6
LEGEND
Candowie
Reservoir
Fish
Birds
Vegetation
Platypus
Waterways
Waterbodies
7
0
Towns
10000
7
meters
A
B
C
D
E
F
Figure 5.17: Lower Bunyip, Lang Lang and Bass system priority areas
199
Grid
reference
Key value
Priority area
Birds
Northern Westernport coastal fringe
Improve species richness and
abundance of streamside and
wetland bird populations
B4, B3, A3
Platypus
Lang Lang River
C3, E3
Middle Bunyip River
Bass River estuary
Maintain vegetation to high quality
A7
Bass River at Bass Valley Road reserve
E5
Vegetation
Allsop Creek
Fish
C2, D1
D5
Bass River around Tennent Creek
confluence
and minimise impacts on high
value areas
B6, C6
Lang Lang River at Heads Road
increase abundance through
improved fish passage
C3
Lang Lang River near South
Gippsland Highway
Maintain nativeness and abundance
through improved fish passage
B4
Lang Lang River upstream of
Cameron Road
C3
Land Lang River Lower upstream
of Heads Road
Increase species richness and
abundance through improved fish
passage
D3
Lang Lang River at Heads Road
increase abundance through
improved fish passage
C4
long-term outcomes regional programs will also contribute to meeting these targets.
Table 5.44: Implementation targets for the Lower Bunyip, Lang Lang and Bass system
200
Target
Amount
60
273
100
5
2
Table 5.45: Regional program actions for the Lower Bunyip, Lang Lang and Bass system
Planning, strategy
and guidelines
scheme amendments
Advocacy
Build relationships with land managers and advocate to ensure waterway
Advocate with local government on planning mechanisms to ensure appropriate land
use, with a focus on high priority areas (for example, urban consolidation activity near
waterways)
Enforcement
concerning poor land practice
Continue to take compliance action against unauthorised works and encroachments
where appropriate
sharing knowledge
Continue to support community initiatives such as Waterwatch, EstuaryWatch and
Frog Census
Habitat management
renewal
of maintenance. Ensure any works do not reduce hydraulic capacity, particularly in
sensitive waterways such as along the Koo Wee Rup-Longwarry Flood Protection
District drains
Stormwater
management
• Working with local government and the community to deliver appropriate on-ground
works and planning activities to protect and improve waterways
• Working with agricultural landowners to implement on-farm practices and on-ground
works to reduce pollutants and runoff into waterways
201
Environmental water
Deliver environmental water from the entitlement and monitor its effectiveness to
improve environmental values in the lower Bunyip River
Work with Westernport Water to deliver passing flows to Tennent Creek to improve
environmental values
Diversions
Understand the catchment impacts on streamflows, and work with communities
to mitigate these impacts
Work with regional water authorities to implement sustainable environmental
flow regimes
Diversions
Continue to work with Southern Rural Water in both a partnership and licensing
referral agency role to ensure appropriate issuing and management of groundwater
and surface water diversions within the catchment
Cardinia system
The major waterways in the Cardinia system are Cardinia, Toomuc, Deep, Ararat, Langwarrin and Clyde creeks.
Historically, these waterways did not exist or were disconnected from Western Port by the former Koo Wee Rup
Swamp. Many of these waterways either contain floodplain or wetland habitat. Westernport estuaries such as
Cardinia Creek support internationally recognised wetland habitat and animals. Cardinia Reservoir is located high
in the Cardinia catchment.
The waterways in this system support multiple and varied uses and values, including flood mitigation,
recreational use and significant animal species including platypus, dwarf galaxias, growling grass frogs
and southern brown bandicoots. Vegetation communities of very high conservation significance, including
Swampy Riparian Woodland, coastal saltmarsh and mangroves, are also a feature of this system. The waterways
incorporate significant Indigenous and European heritage values. Community feedback highlighted many of
these values as well as areas for recreation and relaxation such as Cardinia Reservoir and marine national parks.
Challenges for waterway health in this system include managing urban growth, and balancing multiple
waterway management objectives such as flood mitigation, habitat protection and/or social uses.
Mortimor Reserve
202
Cardinia Resevoir
203
Cardinia system
1
LEGEND
D
almore Outfalls management unit
1
Waterways
Waterbodies
Waterways assessed
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
y Creek
Frogs All 12 of the expected species have been recorded in this
Mudd
Fish Six of the expected 19 species have been recorded, five
of which are native. This management unit is home to
vulnerable and endangered species such as dwarf galaxias
and spotted galaxias.
r eek
Cardinia
Reservoir
Card
ek
Cre
ep
De
ee
eC
Cr
yd
ek
k
re
Devon Meadows
Cardinia
L an
gaw
Pearcedale
arr
in C
reek
reek
To o
Cl
1
Pakenham
Maryknoll
k
Gum S crub
Clyde North
cC
Officer
mu
Beaconsfield
A
ree
ek r at C
ra
Priority areas Dalmore Outfalls contains areas that have
been identified as a priority area for birds. The management
objective is to improve diversity and abundance of streamside
and wetlands bird populations.
Cre
inia C
2
ck
Upper
Beaconsfield
Ba
Birds Twenty-one of the expected 57 species of wetland birds
have been recorded.
Future management In 2030, targeted weed control
programs control the weed Spartina in the estuary
and surrounding coastal area and vegetation
management along drains has created
significant lengths of streamside corridor.
Management unit #
Management unit
boundaries
Priority Areas
Waterway overview The Dalmore Outfalls consist of a
number of waterways that flow into Western Port via the
townships of Pearcedale, Devon Meadows, Clyde and Tooradin.
The waterways include Langwarrin Creek, Christies Drain,
Wylies Drain, Western Outfall Drain and Tooradin Road Drain.
Tooradin
0
10000
meters
Cannons Creek
2
Cardinia, Toomuc, Deep and Ararat Creeks management unit
Waterway overview Cardinia, Toomuc and Deep Creeks rise
in the Dandenong Ranges. Ararat Creek lies to the east of the
system, rising north of Pakenham. The catchment includes
the townships of Upper Beaconsfield, Pakenham, Nar Nar
Goon and Dalmore. The system historically flowed into the
Koo Wee Rup Swamp before the swamp was drained in the
late 1800s, and a straight channel was excavated through the
area to create an outlet for the creeks to Westernport Bay near
Koo Wee Rup.
Frogs: Ten of the expected 12 species have been recorded
and vulnerable species such as growling grass frog
and southern toadlet.
Birds Sixty-five of the expected 113 species of streamside
birds have been recorded.
Priority areas Cardinia, Toomuc, Deep and Ararat Creeks
contain priority areas for amenity, platypus, fish, birds
and vegetation. Management objectives are to improve,
amenity, stabilise and increase abundance of platypus,
increase nativeness and abundance of fish, maintain and
improve species richness and abundance of birds and improve
vegetation condition.
Future management In 2030 targeted weed control
programs control the weed spartina in the estuary and
surrounding coastal area and fish barriers have been
removed to allow the passage of migratory fish.
Fish: All 19 of the expected species have been recorded in this
management unit, 13 of which are native. This management
unit is home to vulnerable and endangered species such
as Australian grayling, dwarf galaxias, mountain galaxias,
river blackfish and spotted galaxias.
204
Cardinia system
MEASURE OF HEALTH:
Current
20 year
10 YEAR TREND:
Long term
Improving
Stable
Platypus became locally extinct in the late 1990s. Ten platypus
were released into Cardinia Creek in 2004 and 2007 and have
been recorded breeding. Vegetation works aim to improve habitat
over the long term.
Platypus
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The condition of fish populations is currently rated as high.
Works focusing on improving fish passage, flows and habitat aim
to maintain this condition with improvement over the long term.
NT
*
Fish
Very High
High
*
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The variety of frog species is very high. Works targeting habitat
improvement on the floodplains aim to maintain this condition.
Frogs
Very High
NT
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
Monitoring since the 1990s indicates that the recent drought has
resulted in a decline in native bird communities, which are in very
low condition. Works to improve floodplain vegetation and habitat
aim to improve this condition over the next 20 years. The lack of
opportunity to create large areas of connected habitat will limit the
recovery of native streamside bird communities in the long term.
Birds
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The condition of vegetation is low although the upper reaches
of Cardinia Creek contain some relatively intact vegetation.
Works aim to improve the condition of vegetation to moderate
over the next 20 years, and high in the long term
**
Vegetation
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
205
The condition of macroinvertebrate populations is moderate.
This is expected to improve to high in the next 20 years in response
to actions to improve water quality.
Macroinvertebrates
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
There is limited data to assess the perceived condition of amenity,
which is rated moderate. Improvement to a high condition is
expected as vegetation improves.
Amenity
Very High
High
Moderate
NT
*
Low
Very Low
>Investigating and providing fish passage where necessary throughout the Cardinia Creek system
>Protecting and enhancing vegetation of wetland and streamside systems for birds, fish and frogs
>Removing stock access from creeks and wetlands and managing bed and banks to maintain existing areas
of habitat in waterways for fish, birds and frogs
>Reducing competition and predation from introduced fish, particularly mosquito fish, through habitat
manipulation
>Investigating opportunities for floodplain re-engagement, and within this, refuge for wetland fish
species and frogs
>Improving frog habitat by creating and maintaining wetland systems
>Managing suitable habitat to enhance the range of platypus populations
>Improving water quality for macroinvertebrates and fish in rural areas by managing streamside vegetation
>Improving vegetation condition particularly in urban areas, to improve amenity.
206
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
LEGEND
1
Amenity
Vegetation
Mudd
Birds
Platypus
Waterways
2
1
y Creek
Fish
Cardinia
Reservoir
Waterbodies
2
inia C
Car d
Cl
De
ep
Cre
ek
reek
cC
mu
To o
ek
k
re
5
Cardinia
Devon Meadows
g aw
Pearcedale
a rr
in C
reek
4
ee
eC
5
3
Cr
yd
Gum S c rub
Clyde North
Pakenham
Maryknoll
k
ree
ek rat C
ra
Officer
Beaconsfield
4
A
Cr e
meters
3
Upper
Beaconsfield
ck
10000
Ba
0
reek
Towns
6
Tooradin
Lan
6
Cannons Creek
7
7
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Figure 5.18: Cardinia system priority areas
Grid
reference
Key value
Priority area
Birds
B7, D6
Fish
Deep Creek at Princes Highway
Increase nativeness and abundance
E4
Cardinia Creek at Princes Highway
D5
Platypus
Upper Cardinia Creek around Cardinia
Reservoir
C2, D2
Amenity
Toomuc Creek
Maintain amenity
D4
Middle Cardinia Creek
Maintain amenity
D4, C2
207
Vegetation
Upper Cardinia and Toomuc creeks
Maintain and improve vegetation
D4 to C1
to E2
Toomuc, Ararat, Deep Creek foothill
streams
Improve vegetation condition and
D3, G3
minimise impacts in high value areas
Cardinia Creek estuary
D6
long-term outcomes. Most of these works will be focused in priority areas, but regional programs will also contribute
to meeting these targets.
Table 5.48: Implementation targets for the Cardinia system
Target
Amount
27
214
8
2
2
Table 5.49: Regional program actions for the Cardinia system
Planning, strategy
and guidelines
scheme amendments
Advocacy
waterways)
Enforcement
Work with other agencies to clarify roles and responsibilities and where appropriate
enforce regulations concerning poor land practices
Building stewardship and Provide incentives and support for individuals, community groups and land managers
sharing knowledge
Continue to support community initiatives such as Waterwatch, EstuaryWatch and
Frog Census
208
Habitat management
Implement and review management plans for Melbourne Water’s Sites of Biodiversity
Significance including The Inlets, Cardinia Creek Retarding Basin and upper
Cardinia Creek
renewal
of maintenance and that any works do not reduce hydraulic capacity
Stormwater
management
• Working with local government and the community to deliver on-ground works and
planning activities to protect and improve waterways
• Facilitating the adoption of sustainable stormwater practices in new urban
developments to protect waterways, through policy change advocacy and targeted
protection works in high value catchments
• Working with others to establish processes to enforce improved sediment
management on building sites
Environmental water
Understand the catchment impacts on streamflows, and work with communities to
mitigate these impacts
Manage stormwater harvesting with an integrated water management approach to
improve environmental flows
Diversions
water diversions within the catchment
Mornington Peninsula system
Waterways in the Mornington Peninsula are mostly small creeks that flow into Western Port, Port Phillip Bay
or Bass Strait. The major waterways in this system include Main, Chinamans, Dunns, Merricks, Balcombe and
Watson creeks. Significant wetlands include Tootgarook Swamp, Coolart Wetlands and Bittern Coastal Wetlands.
These and other wetlands provide habitat for frogs and feeding grounds and habitat for migratory birds. Several
estuaries in this system such as Merricks Creek estuary and Balcombe Creek estuary provide important habitat for
macroinvertebrates and native fish.
The waterways support multiple and varied uses including suburbs and townships, farming and recreational access
and use. Significant animals such as the swamp skink, southern toadlet, river blackfish, dwarf galaxia and growling
grass frog are found in or along waterways. Small areas of remnant vegetation exist along waterways especially in
the Mornington Peninsula National Park. The waterways also incorporate some significant Indigenous and European
heritage values.
Community feedback outlined native birds such as short-tailed shearwaters (mutton birds) and powerful owls and
recreational areas such as Point Leo as having special value in this system. Challenges for waterway health in this
system include managing urbanisation impacts, protecting important environmental habitat, and enabling social
access and use.
209
1
West Peninsula Rivers and Creeks management unit
Waterway overview The West Peninsula Rivers and Creeks
region extends from Mount Eliza to Point Nepean. Major
waterways in this area include Balcombe, Kackeraboite,
Devilbend, Brokil, Dunns, Sheepwash and Drum Drum Alloc
Creeks, all of which flow into Port Phillip Bay.
Birds Sixty-eight of the expected 113 species of streamside
birds and 37 of the expected 57 wetland birds have been
recorded.
Priority areas West Peninsula Rivers and Creeks contain
priority areas for amenity, frogs and birds. Management
objectives are to maintain amenity and maintain and improve
diversity and abundance of frogs and birds.
Frogs Thirteen of the expected 14 species have been
recorded in this management unit which is home to
endangered and vulnerable species such as growling
Future management In 2030 water sensitive urban design has
been incorporated into urban areas, which is improving water
quality, and stock exclusion and restored streamside zones
connect areas of remnant vegetation.
Fish All 15 expected species have been recorded, ten
of which are native. This management unit is home
to vulnerable and endangered species such as dwarf
galaxias and spotted galaxias.
Sweetwater
Creek
LEGEND
Mornington
1
be
Management unit
boundaries
Priority Areas
B
alcom
on
Cre
ek
De vil
be
Waterways
Waterways assessed
nd Creek
Waterbodies
eek
Brokil Cr
Dun
ns Cr e
ek
Crib Point
Balnarring
Coolart
Wetlands
Merricks Beach
Shoreham
M
ain
Cre
ek
2
ek
3
Boneo
Hastings
Bittern Coastal
Wetlands
Bittern
re
ama
yC
n
Ch in
Sto
Tootgarook
Swamp
ns Creek
Portsea
M er ri cks Cr eek
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
W ats
k
Management unit #
Cree
1
Flinders
0
10000
meters
2
North-Eastern Peninsula Rivers and Creeks management unit
Waterway overview Watson Creek originates in Baxter
and flows through predominantly rural land before entering
Western Port via Watson Inlet. Watson Inlet forms part of the
Yaringa Marine National Park. Olivers, Kings and Warringine
Creeks all flow east from the peninsula to enter Westernport
around Hastings.
Frogs Thirteen of the expected 14 species have been recorded
in this management unit. This management unit is home to
endangered and vulnerable species such as growling grass
frog and southern toadlet.
Fish Ten of the expected 15 species have been recorded,
seven of which are native. Vulnerable and endangered species
such as dwarf galaxias and spotted galaxias are present.
210
Priority areas North-Eastern Peninsula Rivers and Creeks
contain priority areas for birds. The management objective
is to improve species richness and abundance of streamside
and wetland birds.
Future management In 2030 revegetation programs have
created continuous streamside corridors along urban creeks in
the upper reaches, various swamp shrubs, woodland, coastal
saltmarsh and mangrove communities are present along
local creeks and water sensitive urban design features such
as wetlands and raingardens have been incorporated to help
maintain water quality.
3
South-Eastern Peninsula Rivers and Creeks management unit
Waterway overview The South-Eastern Peninsula Rivers and
Creeks include the waterways that flow into Westernport Bay
and Bass Strait between Sandy Point and Cape Schanck, and
the corridor of the Mornington Peninsula National Park running
north-west from Cape Schanck. Major waterways in the region
include Main Creek, Splitters Creek, Spring Creek, Stockyard
Creek, Manton Creek, Stony Creek, East Creek, Coolart Creek
and Merricks Creek.
Frogs Twelve of the expected 14 species have been recorded
and vulnerable species such as growling grass frog and
southern toadlet.
Fish Nine of the expected 15 species have been recorded,
six of which are native. This management unit is home to
the endangered spotted galaxias.
Priority areas South-Eastern Peninsula Rivers and Creeks
contain priority areas for vegetation and amenity.
Management objectives are to maintain and improve
vegetation and maintain amenity.
Future management In 2030 vegetation management has
created connected streamside corridors along all creeks in the
region connecting coastal parks with the upper reaches and
stock is excluded from all waterways.
MEASURE OF HEALTH:
Current
20 year
10 YEAR TREND:
Long term
Improving
Stable
There are no recorded platypus populations within this system.
Some areas appear to provide suitable habitat, but there have been
no reliable recorded sightings or captures in Melbourne Water’s
monitoring program since it began in 1995. The absence of platypus
may relate to the historic fragmentation of habitat.
Platypus
Very High
High
N/A
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The trend in the fish population since the 1990s has been an
improvement in abundance and species richness. A range of
on-ground works will increase the high rating to very high.
Fish
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The diversity of frog populations is very high, with all species
expected being observed. Ongoing works aim to maintain
this condition.
Frogs
Very High
NT
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
211
Streamside and wetland bird ratings are low. Works aim to further
improve the variety and proportion of native species. The long-term
outcome for birds is limited to moderate because even with all the
waterways vegetated, the lack of connection to large areas of habitat
will constrain the abundance of populations.
Birds
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
NT
Very Low
Vegetation has been highly modified and condition is low.
Fragments of remnant vegetation in moderate condition still
occur along waterways. Works aim to improve the condition
of native vegetation to moderate over the next 20 years,
and to high over the long term.
Vegetation
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The macroinvertebrate score is moderate and has been stable since
the 1990s. Improvements in vegetation condition and water quality
are targeted at improving condition of macroinvertebrates to high.
Macroinvertebrates
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
The amenity score for Mornington Peninsula waterways is low.
Most waterways flow through agricultural land although some are
protected in national parks. Many of the lower estuarine reaches are
highly valued for their amenity value. Works aims to improve amenity
from low to moderate over the next 20 years with improvement to
high over the long term.
Amenity
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
NT
Very Low
>Improving streamside habitat quality in rural areas by revegetating for fish and frogs and improving vegetation
for birds, amenity and vegetation values
>Maintaining existing areas of in-channel habitat by removing stock access to waterways and managing bed
and banks of waterways in rural areas for fish
>Improving water flows for fish by implementing appropriate environmental flow regimes in Devilbend Creek
>Reducing competition and predation from introduced fish, particularly mosquito fish, through habitat
manipulation
>Improving fish populations by investigating and providing, where possible, fish passage over barriers in Merricks,
Coolart, Stony and Warringine creeks, and especially Dunns Creek and lower Main Creek
>Creating and improving more floodplain-based refuges for wetland fish species and frogs
>Improving water quality for macroinvertebrates and fish in rural areas by managing streamside vegetation.
These strategic priorities will require ongoing investment over the next 20 years and beyond, so it may not be
possible to invest in all priorities within the five year period of the strategy.
212
A
B
C
0
1
D
E
F
G
10000
meters
LEGEND
Sw
Birds
1
ee
tw
Amenity
at
Vegetation
er
Cr
Frogs
k
W ats
on
ee
Waterways
Waterbodies
Mornington
2
sC
ree
k
be
Cree
Towns
k
2
H
Balco
3
m
De vil
3
be
nd Creek
4
yC
n
Balnarring
Coolart
Wetlands
Merricks Beach
4
Crib Point
5
Boneo
ek
Shoreham
6
ain
Cre
ek
Chin
Hastings
Bittern Coastal
Wetlands
Bittern
re
6
Sto
Tootgarook
Swamp
aman
5
s Creek
Portsea
M er ri cks Cr eek
eek
Brokil Cr
Dun
ns Cr e
ek
M
Flinders
7
7
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Figure 5.19: Mornington Peninsula system priority areas
Grid
reference
Key value
Priority area
Birds
H3
Middle and upper Chinamans Creek
Lower Balcombe Creek
C5
E3, F3
Frogs
Devilbend and Tuerong creeks
Maintain species richness, improve
overall abundance and distribution
of frog populations
F3
Amenity
Sweetwater Creek
Maintain amenity
F1, G2
Lower Chinamans Creek
C5
Lower Balcombe Creek
E3, F3
Lower Merricks Creek
G5, F5
213
Vegetation
Merricks Creek estuary
G5
Main Creek below Splitters Creek
confluence
E6, E7
Implementation targets are a summary of the works we will undertake over the next five years to contribute to
the long-term outcomes. Most of these activities will be focused in priority areas, but regional programs will also
contribute to meeting these targets.
Table 5.52: Implementation targets for the Mornington Peninsula system
Target
Amount
74
429
16
–
4
Table 5.53: Regional program actions for the Mornington Peninsula system
Planning, strategy
and guidelines
scheme amendments
Advocacy
waterways)
Enforcement
concerning poor land practices where appropriate
sharing knowledge
Continue to support community initiatives such as Waterwatch, EstuaryWatch
and Frog Census
Habitat management
214
renewal
chutes) and rock-armoured banks. Preference will be given to solutions based solely on
streamside vegetation (because these provide multiple benefits of stability, habitat and
cost-effectiveness)
of maintenance. Ensure any works do not reduce hydraulic capacity, particularly in
sensitive waterways, for example Chinamans Creek, in the narrow drainage reserves
through developed areas
Stormwater
management
• Working with local government and the community to deliver on-ground works and
planning activities to protect and improve waterways
developments to protect waterways, through policy change advocacy and targeted
protection works in high value catchments
• Facilitating the adoption of sustainable road upgrade practices by road managers in
rural and peri-urban areas
• Identifying key pollution hotpots for ecosystem and public health, and facilitating an
appropriate management response
Environmental water
Manage stormwater harvesting with an integrated water management approach to
improve environmental flows
Manage groundwater dependent ecosystems
Understand the impacts of farm dams on streamflows, and work with communities to
Work with Parks Victoria to manage Devilbend Reservoir for sustainable environmental
flow outcomes
Diversions
water diversions within the catchment
French and Phillip Islands system
The major waterways within French Island are Tankerton, Redhill and Mosquito creeks. Waterways on Phillip Island
include Saltwater Creek and Swan Lake Drain. Swan Lake is a permanent freshwater lake that provides habitat for
numerous species of waterbirds. Rhyll Inlet and other estuaries support internationally listed wetlands, habitat and
animals, especially migratory wading birds.
These small waterways support multiple and varied uses and values including townships, farming, recreation, and
some significant plant and animal species. They also incorporate significant indigenous and European heritage values.
Community feedback highlighted the special value that migratory shorebirds, saltmarsh communities and
recreational areas bring to this system.
Challenges for waterway health in this system include managing urbanisation impacts, protecting important existing
environmental values, and enabling social access and use.
215
Waterway overview French Island lies within the Western
Port Bay. The French Island National Park covers a large portion
of the island while land use is predominantly rural on the
remainder of the island. The township of Tankerton lies in the
southwest side of the island.
LEGEND
1
Red
Management unit
boundaries
Priority Areas
hil
Waterways
lC
re
Waterbodies
el
la
M os q u it o C
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
er t on
C
Ta n k
re
ek
Waterways assessed
Frogs Seven of the expected eight species of frogs have
been recorded in this management unit. This management
unit is home to endangered and vulnerable species such
as growling grass frog and southern toadlet.
Br
ek
Cr e
Phillip Island lies to the south of Western Port Bay. Waterways
on Phillip Island are mostly ephemeral, with Swan Lake the
only permanent freshwater body on the island. Rhyll Inlet,
on the northeastern shoreline of Philip Island, is part of the
Westernport Ramsar site and provides habitat for a large
and diverse number of migratory and resident shore and
water birds.
ree
k
ek
Cowes
Sa
lt w
at er C
reek
Drain
Sw
an
Fish All five of the expected species of fish have
been recorded in this management unit, four of which
are native. This management unit is home to the
endangered spotted galaxias.
Management unit #
e
La k
Swan
Lake
Fishers
Wetland
0
10000
meters
Priority areas Phillip and French Islands contain areas
that have been identified as a priority area for birds.
The management objective is to improve diversity and
abundance of streamside and wetlands bird populations.
Future management In 2030 French Island retains significant
original vegetation, including white mangroves, saltmarsh and
open woodlands and continues to support Ramsar-listed areas
which provide habitat for migratory birds. In 2030 Phillip Island
has revegetation and stock exclusion measures occurring along
streams on the island and supporting weed control programs
which have improved vegetation around wetlands.
MEASURE OF HEALTH:
Current
20 year
10 YEAR TREND:
Long term
Improving
Stable
There are no recorded platypus populations. It is unlikely that the
waterways would have supported platypus since the islands were
separated from the mainland due to the lack of suitable habitat.
Platypus
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
N/A
Very Low
216
The fish communities are in very high condition. The absence
of introduced fish, apart from mosquito fish, is noteworthy.
Works aim to maintain the very high condition.
Fish
Very High
NT
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
Based on limited available data, the diversity of frogs is rated
as low. Works aim to improve the condition of frog populations
over the next 20 years.
Frogs
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
NT
*
Very Low
Based on streamside bird data, the condition is rated as very low
and works aim to improve this over the next 20 years. The longterm target is low because the limited waterways on the islands
will constrain the variety of streamside birds found.
Birds
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
Vegetation condition is generally low although areas of good
remnant vegetation exist within parks and reserves. Works aim
to improve condition to moderate in the next 20 years, and high
in the long term.
NT
**
Vegetation
Very High
High
Moderate
*
Low
Very Low
The condition of macroinvertebrate communities is highly
dependent on water quality. Increased urban development, especially
on Phillip Island, will affect macroinvertebrate condition, which
is low. Works aim to stabilise and improve this condition over time.
Macroinvertebrates
Very High
High
Moderate
Low
NT
Very Low
Waterway amenity often plays a secondary role to coastal amenity
in this system. However, there are a variety of waterways for the
community to enjoy. Based on limited data, amenity is rated as
moderate. Vegetation works aim to maintain amenity over the
next 20 years with improvement to high over the long term.
Amenity
Very High
High
Moderate
NT
*
Low
Very Low
217
>Improving streamside habitat quality for fish, birds and frogs in rural areas on Phillip Island
>Maintaining in-stream habitat by removing stock access to waterways for fish and frogs
>Managing water quality threats from increasing urbanisation for fish and frogs
>Improving water quality for macroinvertebrates and fish in rural areas by managing streamside vegetation
>Revegetation for birds, amenity and vegetation values.
Priority areas for investment have been identified as regionally important for on-ground works over the life of
the strategy. Each priority area has a management objective to guide works. These works, which contribute to
the long-term outcomes based on principles outlined in Chapter 2, will be complemented by regional programs
in this system. Most places that the community identified as being of value coincide with these priority areas.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1
1
Re d
hil
l
Cr
2
ee
Br
k
ell
2
aC
re
ek
Mosq uit o Cr
Tan k er t on
3
Cr
ee
eek
3
k
4
4
Sa
Sw
a
5
n
Dra
Lake
Cowes
ltw
ater C
r eek
5
in
Swan
Lake
Fishers
Wetland
6
6
LEGEND
Birds
Waterways
Waterbodies
7
0
7
Towns
10000
meters
A
B
C
Figure 5.20: French and Phillip Islands system priority areas
218
D
E
F
G
Key value
Priority area
Birds
Rhyll Inlet
abundance
Grid
reference
C5
long-term outcomes. Most of these activities will be focused in priority areas, but the regional programs will also
contribute to meeting these targets.
Table 5.56: Implementation targets for the French and Phillip Island system
Target
Amount
1
3
1
–
0
Table 5.57: Regional program actions for the Mornington Peninsula system
Planning, strategy
and guidelines
scheme amendments
Advocacy
Advocate with local government regarding planning mechanisms to ensure appropriate
land use, with a focus on high priority areas (for example, urban consolidation activity
near waterways)
Enforcement
concerning poor land practices
Continue to take compliance action against illegal water extractions and encroachment
sharing knowledge
Continue to support community initiatives such as Waterwatch and Frog Census
Habitat management
219
renewal
on streamside vegetation (because these provide multiple benefits of stability,
habitat and cost-effectiveness)
Stormwater
management
• Working with local government and the community to deliver on-ground works
and planning activities to protect and improve waterways
developments to protect waterways, through policy change advocacy and
targeted protection works in high value catchments
Environmental water
Understand flow-dependent values and associated threats
Understand catchment impacts on streamflows, and work with communities to
Diversions
220
Continue to work with Southern Rural Water in both a partnership and licensing
referral agency role to ensure appropriate issuing and management of groundwater
and surface water diversions within the catchment

Chapter 5.5 Catchments and systems

Transcription

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