Solar Thermal Power - The Journal of Sustainable Real Estate

Burnham-Moores Center for Real Estate
University of San Diego
Master of Science in Real Estate
Presentation
Solar Heating
March 5, 2013
Ari Weinstein
Types of Solar Heating Systems
• Solar Thermal
–Used to heat water
•Concentrating Solar Power
–Used for power plants
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
History
• Israel created the first solar water heater in 1953
• In 1980 Israel was the first country to require solar
thermal systems in new construction
– 90% of homes
– 3% of national energy needs
– Saves 2 million barrels of oil/year
Prototype Tower System in 1988
Prototype Dish System
1979
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Solar Thermal
• Can provide 85% of hot water needs
• 20-40% of annual energy bills are from heating water
– Yearly Savings:
• Small System: $58-$251/year
• Large System: $822-$3,662/year
• 2.6x for Electric vs. Natural Gas
– Cost:
• $10/SF- $250/SF
 Average for CA = $6,752
– ROI (*does not include state/local savings)
• Small System: 11 years
• Large System: 5.67 years
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Solar Thermal
• Direct Circulation Systems
– Pumps water through collectors, heats it and returns to the house
– Used in climates not prone to freezing
• Indirect Circulation Systems
– Pump heated non-freezing liquid through system which is used to
heat water.
– Used in climate prone to freezing
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Source: US Department of Energy
Case Study – Coin Laundry
• “World Largest Laundry” runs on Solar
– 153 Washers and 148 Dryers
• Project Cost $150,000
– Heating Bill $13,000/Month
• 25% of revenue
– System saves $25,000 a year (20 year product life)
• $2,083/month a 16% savings
• < 5% of the 40,000 laundries use solar
– $5 billion dollar industry
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Rebates
• Federal Tax Credits
– 30% through 2016
• CSI-Thermal Program
– Up to $2,719 for residential
• Average rebate for natural gas system - $2,175
• Average rebate for electric/propane system - $1,467
– Up to $500,000 for commercial
• 2010-2017 have a budget of $250 million
– Goal is to install 200,000 units
– Administered by the CCSE in San Diego
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Concentrating Solar Power
• Used for power plants
– Heats steam from solar power to spin a turbine
• Three types
– Linear Concentrator
– Dish/Engine
– Power Tower System
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Concentrating Solar Power
• 1.17 GW of CSP in 2011
– 17.54 GW in development worldwide
• United States:
– 507 MW in operation
– 8.67 GW under development
• DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
– Competitive in the intermediate power market by 2015-2016
– Competitive in the baseload power market by 2020-2022
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Solana
• 280 MW concentrated solar power
• Cost $2 Billion (ROI $4 billion over 30 years)
• Power 70,000 homes; removes 475,000 tons of Co2
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Use 900,000 mirrors
1,900 acres
1,600 construction jobs
85 Permanent Jobs
Source: APS
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Ambitious Project
• 100 GW power plant in the Sahara
– 15% of Europe's energy needs
– €400 billion cost
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
New Technology
• Bright Source Energy
– Hidden Hills 540MW (2015)
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Power 178,000 homes
2,300 construction jobs
100 permanent jobs
$290 million in taxes
• New Technology
– Uses 25% less land
– Uses 95% less water
– Little Grading
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Source: Bright Source Energy
World Capacity
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Cost Comparison of CSP
Source: IRENA – Concentrating Solar Power 2012
• Capital Costs should decrease by 10-15% in 2015
– 28-40% by 2020
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Cost Comparison – PV vs. CSP
Source: SunShot Vision Study 2012
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
CSP World Map
Source: CSP – Global Market Initiative
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Location Map – PV vs. CSP
Source: SunShot Vision Study 2012
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Solar Employment Outlook
Source: SunShot Vision Study 2012
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Recommendations or Policy Suggestions
• Continue with CSI Program/Mandate the use of solar
water heaters.
• Focus on regions with high CSP potential.
• Invest in new more cost efficient technologies:
– Power towers
– Dish engines
– Compact linear fresnel reflectors
• Use a combination of PV, CSP, and Natural Gas.
• Continue with Government subsidies and R&D
– Reach economies of scale
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Summary
• CSP is a newer technology and economies of scale are needed to
reduce its cost and make it competitive.
• Shift towards new technology specifically Power Towers because of
their cost and efficiency. They can attain a higher temperature than
other technologies.
• Solar water heaters are an old technology with lots of promise. They
have great potential for residential and for industries like Laundromats
that are hot water intensive.
• Many countries have renewable energy targets; California’s is 33% by
2020. Because of this CSP will be a part of the energy mix of the
future.
• The markets with the greatest CSP growth are concentrated in a few
regions: Southwest United States, Africa, India, and the Middle East.
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
Resources suggested for further reading
• US Energy Information Administration - http://www.eia.gov/
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory - http://www.nrel.gov/
• Solar Energy Industries Association - http://www.seia.org/
• SunShot Initiative http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/sunshot/index.html
• California Center for Sustainable Energy http://www.energycenter.org
• Go Solar California - http://gosolarcalifornia.org/
• International Renewable Energy Agency – http://www.irena.org
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
References
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“Commercial Solar Water Heating “ - http://solarroofs.com/solarcommercial.html
“Abengoa Solar gets $1.45 billion for Arizona Plant” - http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligentenergy/abengoa-solar-gets-145-billion-for-arizona-plant/1819
“APS” - http://www.aps.com/main/green/Solana/About.html
“World’s largest solar plant slated for Gila Bend” http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/070310_solana/worlds-largest-solar-plant-slated-gilabend/
“Go Solar California” - http://www.gosolarcalifornia.org/solarwater/
“Center for Sustainable Energy California” - http://energycenter.org/index.php
“Bright Source” http://www.brightsourceenergy.com/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/b123b598226c6d1b9e9f3fd4f450dfd8/f
older/hidden_hills_fact_sheet.pdf
“Desertech Foundation” - http://www.desertec.org/concept/literature/
“Samuel Neaman Institute” http://www.neaman.org.il/Neaman2011/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=581
&FID=646&IID=10030
“Israeli Section of the International Solar Energy Society” http://www.ises.org.il/assets/files/ISES%20Info/IsraelSectionISESfinal.pdf
“Middle East Push Toward Renewable Energy” http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2011/06/21/21climatewire-middle-easts-push-toward-renewableenergy-sp-60886.html?pagewanted=all
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego
References
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“Solar-Augment Potential of US Fossil-Fired Power Plants” http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/50597.pdf
“Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy Development Potential on Indian Lands” http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/ilands/ilands.pdf
“Heat Your Water with the Sun” - http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/34279.pdf
“Solar Power Runs Worlds Largest Laundry” http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2006-07-30-solar-laundromat_x.htm
“Skyline Solar Water Heaters” - http://dealer.solarroofs.com/documents/4pgr-web72dpi.pdf
“2010 Solar Energy Market Report “- http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51847.pdf
“The Concentrating Solar Power – Global Market Initiative” –
http://www.solarpaces.org/_Libary/GMI_10.pdf
“GENI – Review and Comparison of Different Solar Energy Technologies” –
http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/research/review-and-comparison-of-solar-technologies/Reviewand-Comparison-of-Different-Solar-Technologies.pdf
“DOE – 2010 Solar Technologies Market Report” – http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51847.pdf
“Sunshot Vision Study – 2012” - http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pdfs/47927_chapter3.pdf
“DOE – Solar Energy Technologies Program” - http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pdfs/47281.pdf
“DOE – Federal Energy Management Program “ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/lowcost_shw.pdf
“California’s Solar Water Heating Program” http://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2010/data/papers/2197.pdf
Burnham-Moores Center, MSRE
Program, University of San Diego