AAA President - American Association of Anatomists

2010–2013
AAA President
Apologia. The 125th Anniversary Task Force was charged with the nearly impossible task of
reviewing and selecting milestones in the history of the AAA, as well as events that had a major
impact on the science of anatomy. Even more daunting was the task of choosing individuals
associated with the AAA that had significant influence on anatomy and the association. The depth of
the history of anatomy from 1800 to present is enormous. The decades are rich with the influence of
its members. The limited space of this display is to blame for omissions in the timeline and apologies
are offered, especially to individuals who should be honored on these panels and are not.
Image credits and acknowledgements.
The AAA acknowledges the tremendous effort of the 125th Anniversary Task Force:
Chair: Lynne Opperman; Members: Darrell Evans, Bob McCuskey, Duane Haines; Carol Gregorio,
David Burr, Gary Schoenwolf, Jason Organ, John Fallon, Judith Venuti, Ann Zumwalt, Kathy Svoboda,
Kimberly Topp, Kurt Albertine, Paul Trainor, Richard Drake, and Thierry R. H. Bacro.
2011-2013
Jeffrey Laitman
Note that Images of persons or events that are not directly attributed in this list are in the public domain, but the
photographer, illustrator, or source are unknown. Every effort has been made to locate the specific provenance of
all images and to obtain permission for use.
n 2010
Launch of AAA Living History Project
1870-1889
Johns Hopkins anatomy building / Florence Sabin Papers. National Library of Medicine
Joseph Leidy / Academy of Natural Sciences Archive, Philadelphia
Portrait of Franklin Paine Mall / Courtesy of the Clendening History of Medicine Library, University of Kansas
Medical Center
Santiago Ramón y Cajal drawing / Legado Cajal, Instituto Cajal (CSIC) Madrid Spain
Vesalius Opera, plate 597 / Vesalius, Andreas. Opera omnia anatomica and chirurgica. Lugduni Batavorum:
apud Joannem du Vivie at Joan. & Herm. Verbeek, 1725
Willhelm His / Archiv fur Kunst und Geschichte, Berlin
n 2011
AAA establishes the Fellows Legacy Fund
Anatomical Sciences Education
Named the number one ranked journal in Education, Scientific Disciplines.
Mitochondrion photo from Keith Porter Imaging Facility
Wilder in front of a class in Cornell’s McGraw Hall, c. 1910 / Cornell University Rare Manuscript Collection
Hand mit Ringen - one of the first X-rays / National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Cajal illustration / Legado Cajal, Instituto Cajal (CSIC) Madrid Spain
Henry H. Donaldson / Photo by Julian P. Scott
n 2012
First AAA Regional Meeting is held in Chicago
1900-1909
Discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become
pluripotent
John B. Gurdon and Shinya
Yamanaka are awarded the 2012
Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine for the discovery that
mature cells can be reprogrammed
to become pluripotent.
In 1962, Gurdon shows the
specialization of cells is reversible.
In a classic experiment, he replaces
the immature cell nucleus in the egg
cell of a frog with the nucleus from
a mature frog intestinal cell. This
modified egg cell develops into a
normal tadpole, demonstrating that
the DNA of the mature cell still has
all the information needed to give
rise to all the cells in an organism.
1890-1899
Edward Anthony Spitzka / Hartwell Stafford, Empire state notables, New York 1914
A descendent of the Wistar rat / Janet Stephens, photographer
Robert Russell Bensley / MBL Repository
Cajal Illustration / Histologie du Systeme Nerveux de l’Homme et des Vertebretes
C. U. Ariens Kappers / Courtesy of American University of Beirut Libraries
1910-1919
Thomas Hunt Morgan / Johns Hopkins yearbook of 1891
Drawing showing a cross between a white eyed male and a red-eyed female of the fruit fly / from The
Physical Basis of Heredity. Thomas Hunt Morgan. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company 1919
Neurons / Ferris Jabr, based on reconstructions and drawings by Cajal
Elizabeth Caroline Crosby / Courtesy Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan
Charles Bardeen in lab at UW Madison / Courtesy the University of Wisconsin-Madison Archives
1920-1929
John B. Gurdon
Shinya Yamanaka
Insulin bottle / Courtesy Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
C. H. Best and F. G. Banting / Courtesy University of Toronto Historical Archives
J. B. Collip / Courtesy University of Toronto Historical Archives
Florence Sabin / National Library of Medicine
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Class of 1900 / Florence Sabin papers, National Library of Medicine
1930-1939
Early electron microscope / Electron Microscope Deutsches Museum
Blood morphology shown with phase contrast microscopy / Courtesy Dr. Trevor Douglas, Douglas Blood
Microscopy Centre
More than 40 years later, Yamanaka
discovers how intact mature cells
in mice can be reprogrammed
to become immature stem cells.
Surprisingly, by introducing only a
few genes, Yamanaka can reprogram
mature cells to become pluripotent
stem cells, i.e., immature cells
capable of developing into all types
of cells in the body.
1940-1949
Batson’s venous plexus image / Courtesy of American Academy of Pediatrics
Immunocytochemistry image of ovaries / Courtesy Monica Gill Class of 2012, Biology 523 Histology,
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Willem Johan Kolff with kidney dialysis prototype / Courtesy J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Images of tissue culture cells by electron microscopy / from Porter KR, Claude A, Fullam EF. 1945. “A
study of tissue culture cells by electron microscopy: methods and preliminary observations.” J Exp Med
81:233–246
Autoradiography image / from Mazariegos MR, Leblond CP, van der Rest M. “Radioautographic tracing
of 3H-proline in endodermal cells of the parietal yolk sac as an indicator of the biogenesis of basement
membrane components.” Am J Anat 179:79–93, 1987
Mildred Trotter / Courtesy Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine
Neuron regenerating in culture
Together, these groundbreaking
discoveries have completely changed the understanding of cell development and
specialization. The mature cell does not have to be confined forever to its specialized
state. By reprogramming human cells, scientists have created new opportunities to study
diseases and develop methods for diagnosis and therapy.
“Discovery of a sensory organ
that coordinates lunge-feeding
in rorqual whales.”
Scientists from the University of British Columbia and the Smithsonian
Institution point to a ridge of tissue sampled from the throat pouch of a fin
whale (background) in Iceland. Left to right: Jeremy A. Goldbogen (Cascadia
Research Collective), A. Wayne Vogl (UBC) and Robert E. Shadwick (UBC).
This article, appearing in the May
24, 2012 issue of Nature, solves the
mystery of the dramatic changes and
adjustments needed in jaw position and
throat-pouch expansion to make lunge
feeding successful. N. D. Pyenson, J. A.
Goldbogen, A. W. Vogl, G. Szathmary,
R. L. Drake, and R. E. Shadwick
discover a sensory organ in the chin
of rorqual whales that communicates
with the brain. The organ, composed
of connective tissue with papillae
(protrusions) that contain nerves, is
suspended in a gel-like material and is
located in the whale’s chin in the space
between the tips of the two lower jaw
bones.
1950-1959
Jonas Salk / Courtesy Mandeville Special Collections Library, University of California, San Diego
Fine structure of ciliated epithelia image / Palay from Anatomical Record, 1953
W.J.H. Nuata photograph / Biographical Memoirs, volume 88, 2006, National Academy of Sciences.
Washington DC
Whole mount staining of intestinal epithelial cells of distal ileum. Courtesy Ritsumeikan University, JCGGDB
& AIST. Lamichhane et al.
1960-1969
Dr. Rita. Levi-Montalcini / Photo by Herb Weitman
Transmission electron micrograph of a myelinated axon / Courtesy the Electron Microscopy Facility at Trinity
College
Drawing from the Sobotta-Figge Atlas of Anatomy / Press release courtesy Urban & Schwarzenberg,
Baltimore, Maryland
GFAP stain of glial cells in rat brain / Orchinik Lab, Arizona State University
African Clawed Frog image / University of Tempere
Richard P. Bunge and Mary B. Bunge / Courtesy University of Miami
1970-1979
Indomitable / Courtesy FONAR Corporation
MRI scan of a live human chest / Courtesy FONAR Corporation
Overlaid on the micrograph of the fish is a slice of its brain measured with a laser scanning microscope /
Reprinted from nature.com, courtesy of Ahrens, et al.
Lucy’s bones on a slab / Courtesy of the Houston Museum of Natural Science
“Lucy” - Australopithecus afarensis imagined / Courtesy the National Science Foundation
Jennifer LaVail / permission granted. Courtesy Jennifer LaVail, UCSF
George Palade / Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Bucharest, Hungary
1980-1989
Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1 budding image / C. Goldsmith. Image for the CDC Public Health
Image Library
Elaine Fuchs / Courtesy Elaine Fuchs
Images from Visible Human Project / The National Library of Medicine
1990-1999
Robert Tomanek
The fluorescent lipophilic dyes DiI and DiOI in zebrafish larvae / Image courtesy R.O. Karlstrom, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / Hernandez et al. CytoJournal 2005
Bones of Ardi / Image © and courtesy of Tim D. White from Science, 2009
Fluorescence in situ hybridization - ViewRNA assay / Ryan Jeffs
Ian Wilmut with Dolly / Courtesy the Roslin Institute
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a human embryonic stem cell / Annie Cavanagh, Wellcome
Images
Multicolor image of fibroblast cells in culture stained with various antibodies / Jan Schmoranzer, 2007
Olympus BioScapes Digital Imaging Competition
In addition to his life-long achievements in the field of cardiac
angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, Tomanek publishes Coronary
Vasculature in 2012. The book reviews, discusses, and integrates
findings from various areas of coronary vasculature research and
will be a valuable reference source for cardiovascular scientists and
physicians for many years to come.
Parker Antin
2000-2009
Parker Antin named editor of Developmental Dynamics. Antin is also
principal investigator of the GEISHA gene expression database, an NIH
funded genomics resource.
Andrea Pendleton
Pendleton retires as Executive Director of AAA after 14 years of service.
Parker Antin
n 2013
President Obama launches project to study
human mind
The White House has announced a 10-year study on the inner workings of the human
brain, akin to the Human Genome Project’s research into genetics. The research, called the
Brain Activity Map Project, will study the billions of neurons in humans’ brains and learn
what exactly leads to certain perceptions, actions and even levels of consciousness. The
project would help understand what has gone
wrong in brains of people with psychiatric diseases and
degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.
von Hagen’ Body Worlds exhibit / Images courtesy Gunther von Hagens Institute for Plastination, Heidelberg,
Germany, www.bodyworlds.
Foot bones of the “Hobbit” fossil / Photo by Djuna Ivereigh, ARKENAS
James D. Watson / Courtesy Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Vivien Casagrande / Courtesy of Vanderbilt University
Mary J. C. Hendrix / Courtesy Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center
Emmanuel Skordalakes / Courtesy Wistar Institute
Structure of TERT / Structural basis for telomerase catalytic subunit TERT binding to RNA template and
telomeric DNA. Meghan Mitchell, Andrew Gillis, Mizuko Futahashi, Haruhiko Fujiwara, Emmanuel
Skordalakes, NSMB, 2010
Peter S. Amenta / Courtesy of Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - John Emerson
2010-2013
John Gurdon / Courtesy of Gladstone Institutes, Chris Goodfellow
Shinya Yamanaka / Courtesy of Gladstone Institutes, Chris Goodfellow
Neuron regenerating in culture / Dylan Burnette, 2006 Olympus BioScapes Digital Imaging Competition
Scientists - Pyenson et al. Nature / Courtesy Nicholas D. Pyenson, Smithsonian Institution
Rorqual whale / Art by Carl Buell, arranged by Nicholas D. Pyenson, Smithsonian Institution
A new sensory organ,
found within the chin
of rorqual whales. Right,
a fin whale after lunging;
along with an illustration
of the anatomy of the
new sensory organ.”
American Association of Anatomists | Celebrating 125 years of Teaching and Research