WATERPROOF! Magazine

Fall 2012
Drainage for
Athletic Fields
Waterproofing Bored Tunnels
Finished Basement Options
$4.95
The Solaire - New York, NY
From concept to completion
A green roof is about more than just being “green”; its success also depends
on keeping the building dry. American Hydrotech’s Garden Roof® Assembly
is setting the standard by which all other green roofs
are measured and our Monolithic Membrane 6125®
is the key. MM6125® was developed specifically for
wet environments and is a seamless membrane that
is bonded directly to the substrate. It’s the perfect
choice for a green roof and the only one Hydrotech
recommends for a Garden Roof Assembly.
Additionally, our Total Assembly Warranty
provides owners with single source responsibility
from the deck up. This is a warranty that only
American Hydrotech can offer, and peace of mind
that only American Hydrotech can provide.
To learn more about the Garden Roof Assembly, please call
800.877.6125 or visit us online at www.hydrotechusa.com.
American Hydrotech, Inc. | 303 East Ohio | Chicago, IL 60611 | 800.877.6125 | www.hydrotechusa.com
© 2012 Garden Roof is a registered trademark of American Hydrotech, Inc.
Experience matters!
American Hydrotech’s
Garden Roof Assemblies
have been installed for
the past 15 years on
over 1,750 structures
covering more than
10,000,000 SF worldwide.
Performance and Economy
THROUGH THICK AND THIN
™
Everyone wants more from less. ENERSHIELD® gives
you exactly that. Premium polymer-based formulations
allow optimized application thickness on sheathing
and masonry, for fast, easy installation. Engineered
sheathing fabric places strength where you need it,
and provides a simple way to clearly demonstrate
high quality installation. ENERSHIELD lets you
give your customers more with less.
At BASF, we create chemistry.
See Installation Best Practices at
enershield.basf.us/performance
Enershield
®
Fluid-applied air/water-resistive barriers
Inside This Issue
Features
14
20
24
Publisher
Don’t Call the Game: Drainage Systems for
Synthetic Turf Fields
Summit Publishing, LLC
High-tech materials and creative engineers make
it possible to keep teams on the field in otherwise
impossible conditions. Some drainage solutions also
improve player safety as well.
Advertising Manager
14
Contributors
20
Waterproofing Techniques for Bored Tunnels
Waterproofing bored tunnels deep below the surface is
one of the most challenging jobs in the industry. The
pressures, depths, and lack of repair options make doing
the job right even more critical than usual.
24
Departments
11
Trade Show Corner
28
On the Market
Monica Hall
On the Cover:
Aloha Stadium,
renovated in 2011,
now features a new
drainage composite
under the synthetic
turf that improves field
performance and player
safety.
Photo Courtesy JDR
Enterprises
Art Director
Fall 2012
Brad Moulton
Drainage for
Athletic Fields
Bored Tunnels Techniques
Finished Basement Options
PRSRT STD
US Postage
PAID
WATERPROOF! News
Circulation Manager
Summit
Publishing, LLC
10
Stacy Byrd
Sarah Esp
Les Faure
Ron Greenbaum
Robin Gregory
Ryan Hatrak
Eric Shepard
Greg Wood
Summit Publishing, LLC.
884 East 700 North, Mapleton, UT 84664
Comment: Do the Right Thing
Editorial Director
Clark Ricks
Options for Finishing Basements
By Ron Greenbaum
An acknowledged expert explains why it’s critical to
verify a basement is dry before finishing it, and the basic
components every basement finishing job should include.
8
Craig Shorts
$4.95
Summit Publishing
We’d Like to Hear From You...
Waterproof! would like to know what you think about this issue. Let us know
what you want to see featured as well as what you’d like to change. Email the
editor with your comments at [email protected], or write to us at:
WATERPROOF! Magazine
884 East 700 North
Mapleton, UT, 84664
Be sure to include your name, address, and a daytime telephone number. Letters
may be edited for publication. Unsolicited manuscripts will not be returned
unless they include a self-addressed, stamped envelope.
4
WATERPROOF!
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Mapleton, UT, 84664-3761
toll free: 877-229-9174
editorial: ext. 2
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subscriptions: ext. 3
fax: 801-494-3232
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Volume 6 Number 4
WATERPROOF! is published quarterly by Summit
Publishing, LLC, 884 East 700 North, Mapleton,
UT, 84664-3761. Subscription price: $20.00 per
year.
Copyright © 2012 by Summit Publishing . All
rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Waterproof!
Magazine is a trademark of Summit Publishing.
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Editor’s Note
Comment: Do the Right Thing
The ranks of the trades—apprentice, journeyman, and
master craftsman—trace their roots to the medieval guilds.
Even hundreds of years ago, the world has recognized that there
was something even more impressive than the solid, capable
workmanship of the journeyman. The missing ingredient
that separated the masters from the rest was a commitment to
quality.
Before being accepted into the highest rank of his craft,
the journeyman had to complete a perfect project, one that
demonstrated his mastery of every aspect of his work. It was,
quite literally, his masterpiece.
These achievements—in stone, wood, architecture, or other
medium—are still revered today. No one asks how long it took
to paint the Mona Lisa, or how much it cost to built St. Paul’s
Cathedral; crowds only talk about the master craftsman who
built it.
In today’s world of tight budgets and schedules, it seems
we can’t afford to be quite so idealistic. But that doesn’t mean
we shouldn’t do our absolute best on
every job.
When a building owner needs work
done, they typically rely on friends for
recommendations. Your reputation
is likely the key to your success or
downfall. Your customers will talk
about you, your professionalism and
expertise, for better or for worse.
by Clark Ricks
Some contractors or building
owners will say there just isn’t time or money to do it right. My
experience is that when the system fails, these same people can
always find the time or money to do it over.
It’s your reputation that’s on the line. I’ve found I sleep better
when I remember the advice of a long-dead U.S. president: “It’s
always easier to do the job right than to explain why you didn’t.”
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Order all your supplies at www.waterproof.com
Liberty pumps offers 6 different series of sump pumps to meet
your specific pumping needs. All feature energy efficient motor
designs that minimize energy consumption.
For the absolute best in basement groundwater protection look no further than Liberty Pumps!
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WATERPROOF! News
New ASTM Standard for
Lightweight Roof Aggregate
A new ASTM International standard
has been developed for lightweight
aggregate. Industry insiders say the new
standard will make it easier to find the
best material for use in the design and
construction of vegetative roof systems.
Titled ASTM E2788, Specification
for Use of Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate
(ESCS) as a Mineral Component in the
Growing Media and Drainage Layer for
Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems, it was
developed by Subcommittee E60.01 on
Buildings and Construction, part of
ASTM International Committee E60 on
Sustainability.
Products, Inc. and W.R. Meadows, Inc.
has been settled. The dispute was over
which company held the rights to certain
underslab and blindside waterproofing
technology.
In late March, PolyGuard and W.R.
Meadows announced that the lawsuit
had been settled, and W.R. Meadows
could continue to make and market the
disputed product lines under a licensing
agreement from PolyGuard. Terms of
the license were not disclosed.
Single Ply Roof Membrane
Standard Published
NSF International has developed
criteria that can be used to judge the
sustainability of Single Ply Roof (SPR)
Carlisle Construction
membranes.
To
develop
the
standard,
Materials to Add PVC
they
used
an
American
National
Manufacturing
Standards Institute (ANSI)-accredited
Carlisle Construction Materials
consensus process, which included
(CCM), is adding a PVC roofing
input from manufacturers, suppliers,
membrane manufacturing operation to
regulatory officials, academia, industry
its Greenville, Ill. campus.
representatives and end users.
John Altmeyer, President and CEO
The
new
NSF/ANSI
347
Introducing
Fire
Resist,
by
Carlisle
Coatings
&
Waterproofi
ng!
of CCM said, “PVC is a significant and
Sustainability Assessment for Single
The only
line ofoffirethe
resistant
air and vapor
barriers.Membranes, “provides a
growing
segment
commercial
Ply Roofing
The same
NASA
technology
that and
protects
Keselowski from
ery crash
can
roofing
market,
both
in the US
in Brad
transparent
way a fifor
manufacturers
help
protect
your
building
from
a
fi
re.
Only
Carlisle’s
Fire
Resist
product
line
is
many international markets, so our
of single ply roofing membranes
to
NFPA
285
code
compliant!
energy
effi
cient,
fi
re
resistant
and
entry into the PVC market is a natural
demonstrate their commitment to
move
for the business. Our expertise and
applying more sustainable approaches
Visit www.FireResistCCW.com for more information
experience
in EPDM
and TPOnew
single-ply
about these
revolutionary
products. to product development and corporate
membranes will assist us greatly in PVC.”
operations, and enables them to
differentiate their products in the
marketplace.”
Carlisle Coatings & Waterproofing Incorporated
Commonly
used in the green
800.527.7092
| www.carlisle-ccw.com
900
Hensley Lane,industry,
Wylie, Texas 75098
building
single ply roofing
membranes provide a waterproofing
PVC roofing membranes made at
layer in both vegetative and conventional
the facility are expected to be available
roof systems. The new NSF/ANSI
for shipment by the end of the first
347 standard provides a framework
quarter of 2014.
for assessing the environmental and
societal impacts of single ply roofing
Lawsuit between Polyguard
membranes across the product life cycle,
from raw material extraction through
And Meadows is Settled
Litigation
between
Polyguard
manufacturing, use, and end-of-life
10
WATERPROOF!
management.
“The roofing industry, as well
as the overall construction industry,
is transitioning to more sustainable
products,” said James R. Kirby, who
oversees technical communications
for the National Roofing Contractors
Association (NRCA). “The NSF/ANSI
347 standard is leading the transition
to more ecologically friendly roof
membranes and their manufacture.”
Henry Company Acquired
By Investors Henry Company, a leading
manufacturer of roofing products has
been acquired by an investor group.
Private equity firm Graham Partners
has the largest ownership stake. Other
co-investors include the private equity
firm OceanBridge Partners, members of
current management, and the company’s
former owners. The company was
purchased from AEA Investors, which
had owned a majority stake in Henry
since 2005. Terms of the transaction
were not released.
Brian Strauss will remain president
and chief executive officer of Henry, and
the existing senior management team
will continue to lead the company. “We
are enthusiastic about the partnership
with Graham and look forward to
working together,” said Strauss.
Henry is one of the largest
waterproofing
manufacturers
in
North America. Their roof coatings
and cements, air and vapor barriers,
underlayments, waterproofing products,
spray foam, green roofing systems, and
other products are sold under a variety
of brand names, including Henry (roof
cements and coatings), Bakor (building
materials), Blueskin (air and vapor
barriers), Aqualite® (wax emulsions),
Black Knight (roof coatings and driveway
sealer) and Permax (spray foam).
Conference Corner
SSPMA Meeting Report
The Sump and Sewage Pump
Manufacturers Association (SSPMA)
held its spring meeting in late February
in Indianapolis, Ind. All pump company
members were represented at the wellattended meeting.
The program featured four plumbing
contractors who are members of the
Indiana Plumbing Heating Cooling
Contractors
Association.
SSPMA
members submitted their questions
in advance, providing for a lively
discussion. Among the topics discussed
were plumbing industry trends, pump
distribution, training and education
needs for employees, time demands
for handling service calls and other
concerns or recommendations from the
contractors and pump and accessory
manufacturers attending.
For more information, refer to
SSPMA’s website at www.sspma.org.
the impressive lineup of presenters, made
this conference a success and opens the
door to the possibility of hosting future
conferences.”
Kurt Shickman, executive director
of Global Cool Cities Alliance, delivered
the Tuesday keynote address explaining
how cool surfaces deliver benefits at the
building, city, and global level.
A full list of presentations is available
on the RCMA website, www.roofcoatings.
org.
Roof Coatings Conference
a Success
The Roof Coatings Manufacturers
Association (RCMA) and Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (ORNL) hosted the
International Roof Coatings Conference
on July 16-19, 2012 in Baltimore,
Maryland. The trade show attracted
more than 125 attendees representing 65
companies and organizations.
“One year ago, RCMA decided to
create a technical-focused conference
that appealed to a wide variety of
professionals from the building industry,
with an emphasis on reaching companies
and individuals in the roof coating,
building envelope, green building, cool
roofing, research, and architectural
communities,” said Jeffrey Blank, RCMA
president “The International Roof
Coatings Conference is a first for the
industry. RCMA’s partnership with Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, along with
Fall 2012
11
Think Indoor Air Quality
Think Whole Home Health
Think
Emecole
At least 50% of the home’s air comes
from the basement or crawl space...
Whole Home Health Improvement Begins in the Basement
and Crawl Space with Emecole’s Line of Premium Products.
SEAL AND INSULATE THE CRAWL SPACE
WITH THE EMESEAL SYSTEM
90 mil, zero perm liner for crawl space walls and
floors - reflects heat and reduces energy costs when
installed with a one-inch gap or more - available in
four roll sizes.
Seals out moisture, minimizes mold growth and
musty smells for improved air quality throughout
the whole home.
System components allow for simple install, typically
in one day.
May also be used on basement walls for added
protection against moisture, while beautifying
unfinished basements.
Whole Home Health Includes A Dry and Structurally Secured Foundation...
Low Pressure Crack Injection
EmeSump Flood Protection
Structural Polyurethane Foam
Injection
on Mate
Materials
i and Accessories for
Convenient, Affordable Crack Repair
Primary and Battery Backup
AC + DC Sump Pump Systems
(Pre-Assembled Systems Available)
Use with Carbon Fiber Staples for Additional
Reinforcement of Structural Cracks
Visit us online at Emecole.com:
• Complete Emecole product line and detailed product
information with convenient 24/7 online store.
• Technical articles, instructional videos, blogs and more.
• New Concrete Crack Repair Estimator! Submit crack
dimensions for instant recommended quantity material.
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Don't Call the Game:
Drainage Systems for Athletic Fields
W
Photo Courtesy Colbond
e’ve all witnessed sporting
competitions
cancelled
because of rain.
And
whether it’s Major League baseball or a
junior-high football game, rainouts are
a hassle. At the college and professional
level, they can create financial losses of
tens or even hundreds of thousands of
dollars.
That’s why designers go to such
lengths to engineer sophisticated field
drainage systems to speed the flow of
water off the field. This article focuses
exclusively on drainage for synthetic turf
surfaces.
14
WATERPROOF!
Multiple Solutions
There’s no single answer to how the
job should be done. “You get as many
different opinions as people you ask,”
says Greg Wood, product manager at
Colbond. “Everybody does it differently,
and a lot of it depends on where you
are geographically and the individual
architect.”
Climate and rainfall play a major
role in system design, as does the budget.
“It used to be that you’d get a bond
for building a field,” says Brian Oliver,
National Product and Sales Manager,
Sport Division at JDR Enterprises.
However, the bond market is so
depressed right now that they’re forced
to use fundraisers. Costs are extremely
tight on most projects, so if you can build
a better field at a lower cost, it translates
to a huge advantage.”
Jim McAffee, a Texas A&M
professor that specializes in optimizing
field performance, uses these criteria in
selecting a drainage system:
• How much water will need to be
removed from the field?
• What is an acceptable time frame to
remove this water?
• What types of soils are on the field?
• What is the budget for the drainage
system on this field?
Grading
Synthetic turf installations are
extremely exacting, and native soils
introduce too much variability, so the
first step in any installation is to excavate
the site, usually to about 12 inches lower
than the desired height of the final
playing surface. This is then carefully
graded to exacting specifications,
compacted, and graded again until the
perfect slope is reached.
Athletes want the field as level
as possible; gravity demands that the
field have at least some slope to ensure
drainage.
As a compromise, the
subgrade is usually sloped at 1% to 1.5%.
On a football field that’s 50 yards wide,
that translates to being nine to 12 inches
higher in the center of the field than at
Photo Courtesy JDR Enterprises
New drainage options for synthetic turf fields reduce
downtime after storms and improve player safety during
games.
J-DRain
J-DRain MVP
®
Photo Courtesy Colbond
the sidelines.
The crown can be like a turtle's
back—falling away in all directions—or
simply sideline-to-sideline or endzoneto-endzone. Baseball fields are crowned
with a subtle ridge extending from home
plate over the pitcher’s mound to the
outfield. Alternately, it can be graded
with the ground falling away in all
directions from the mound.
Regardless, this crown is built into
the field at the sub-base to ensure water
leaves the playing area. Oliver notes that
the smoothness, or planarity, of the field
is extremely exacting. “On a synthetic
turf field, tolerance for planarity is +- 1/8
inch over 10 feet. The only way to get
that kind of exactness is to use GPS- or
laser-guided earthmoving equipment.”
McAfee says the importance
of proper grading cannot be
overemphasized. “The most common
drainage problems I see are the result
of poorly graded or uneven fields,” he
says. “Improper grading may render the
Between the sheet drain and the playing surface, a layer of course
rock is installed, which has been carefully engineered to maximize
drainage without compacting or shifting during use.
installed drainage system useless. Many
times, the field is designed correctly
and has enough slope to move water
but the unevenness of the final grade
causes water to pond or not get into the
installed drains. Proper grading is the
critical factor for a well-designed and
installed field to drain efficiently.”
Strip Drains and Rock
After excavation, crowning, and
compaction, workers install a geotextile
fabric to ensure complete separation
between the natural soil and the
engineered system above it. In most areas
of the country, a pervious liner is used.
In regions with heavy clay or expansive
clay soil, an impervious barrier, like a 20mil PVC membrane, is sometimes used.
After the membrane or geotextile is
in place, workers install perforated pipe
around the perimeter of the field, and
strip drains are installed in a herringbone
pattern across the entire playing surface.
Unlike natural turf fields, where the
drains are installed vertically, on
JDR Enterprises, Inc.
(800) 843-7569
Fax: (770) 664-7951
www.j-drain.com
292 S. Main St., Suite 200 Alpharetta, GA 30009
Flat Panel Strip Drain
J-DRain Turfcore Drainage Mat & Shock Pad
®
Synthetic Turf
J-DRain Turfcore
Water Flow
Fine Agregate Leveling Course
Filter Fabric
u 80% open inflow area
u Easy to handle and install
u Less labor required
u High compressive strength
u No clogging
u Reduces gravel backfill
u High flow rates
u Large collection area
u Eliminates trench
excavation costs
u Polypropylene core
u 8’ roll widths
u Fabric heat fused
u High compressive
strength
Soil
u Lays flat & stays flat
u High flow rates
u Enhanced G-Max
u Eliminates course grade
gravel
J-DRain Athletic Field Drainage
Fall 2012
15
synthetic turf installations, the drains
are laid with the widest dimension facing
down. The exact dimension varies with
the brand, but most are about a foot
wide and an inch tall. Some installers
physically connect the strip drain to the
perforated pipe. Others rely on washed
gravel to make the connection.
The zig-zag spacing of the drains
depends on the climate. In arid regions
like Southern California, the drains
are laid out at about 20 feet on center.
In wetter climates like the Northeast,
spacings of 10 or 15 feet are common.
The drains are then covered with a
layer of coarse rock, typically 4-8 inches
of ¾” drain stone. Oliver notes that this
drain stone is carefully chosen for an
optimum mix of permeability and noncompaction. “It has to be fractured,
and in some areas is not easy to come
by, which is why there’s money saved on
synthetic drain layers.”
The course stone is covered with
a layer of finer rock to ensure that the
field is as smooth as possible. Some field
designers specify that the top playing
surface of the field be dead flat; they
claim that the sloped sub-base will move
the water off the field. Others grade the
top “choker” layer of stone to match the
crown of the sub-base.
“That decision depends on the
16
WATERPROOF!
field owner, the turf manufacturer
recommendations, and so forth,” says
Oliver. “Both approaches are fairly
common.
In general, I think the
flatter field is better from a playability
standpoint.”
Safety Considerations
In recent years, player safety has
become a major focus of all levels of sports,
and guidelines for shock absorption have
been tightened considerably.
“Demand for under-turf shock pads
has been growing exponentially over
the last few years”, says Robin Gregory,
marketing communications manager at
Colbond, Inc.
“In Europe, it’s a very common
thing. FIFA [the organization governing
world soccer] has very strict guidelines
for shock attenuation. In the U.S., field
designers are becoming more interested
in the shock pad due to safety concerns
and litigation.”
Oliver says that as professional
stadiums have lowered their maximum
acceptable Gmax, college and high
school athletic fields have followed
suit. And since the vast majority of
playing surfaces are multi-use facilities
associated with public schools, virtually
every field designer is now looking for
ways to hit the desired Gmax range
Photo Courtesy JDR Enterprises
When Hawaii’s Aloha Stadium was renovated in 2011, J-Drain’s
CoreTurf system was used for drainage. The new field is significantly
safer, too, because the product made the field slightly softer.
without compromising drainage rates.
Wood explains that ASTM
standards have specified for years that
playing surfaces should not exceed a
Gmax of 200. However, many field
designers prefer a Gmax much lower.
“A well-maintained, manicured natural
turf field will measure between 90 to 100
Gmax,” says Wood, “so that’s a standard
that synthetic fields try to match. Some
sports prefer a little harder surface, so
90-120 Gmax is a good number to shoot
for.”
The standard method to achieve this
figure is to install a shock pad, usually
made of a pervious rubber, between the
upper layer of rock and the turf. In these
fields, the drainage challenge is usually
trying to find a way to get the water
through the shock pad into the drainage
layer.
Some have approached the problem
by adding rubber to the “topping,” an
inch-thick layer of sand added on top of
the turf to create traction for cleats and
simulate the feeling of playing on real
grass.
Gregory says her experience
indicates toppings alone won’t get the
Gmax low enough, “You’ve got to have
some kind of shock layer under synthetic
turf,” she says.
A Better Way
Recently, at least two companies
have developed products that greatly
simplify synthetic turf installations.
Gregory says, “What’s happening
now is that instead of strip drains,
companies are installing full field
drainage systems.”
Colbond has
developed a new product, based on
their signature entangled polypropylene
mesh, that serves as both drain layer and
shock pad. JDR Enterprises, makers of
J-Drain, has developed a product with
similar advantages that’s based on their
dimple drain sheet.
Both drain exceptionally well—in
excess of several hundred gallons per
hour. In fact, they shift the drainage
bottleneck to the turf itself, which is
usually rated at 75-100 gallons/hr.
Colbond EnkaDrain ShockPad
The heart of Colbond’s EnkaTurf
Drain is a half-inch-thick core of
entangled polypropylene mesh fibers.
This is sandwiched between two nonwoven fabrics; one is polypropylene
other is nylon-sheathed polyester. It
weighs in at only 31 oz./sq.yd.
The product is laid out on top of the
stone, but prior to the artificial turf. It not
only eliminates the need for a separate
shock pad, but also eliminates the strip
drains beneath. “What it does is double
as the drainage layer and shock absorbing
layer,” says Wood, the product’s technical
manager. “Depending on the final field
design, there’s also the possibility of
reducing the volume of rock needed.”
The product is so new that shock
attenuation figures haven’t been finalized.
But Wood says preliminary results are
extremely promising. “We tried a 2:1
ratio of sand to rubber topping mix over
concrete, and it gave us a Gmax of 125130. The 1:1 ratio tested right at 100,”
he reports. “We were using only one or
two inches of infill, so it’s possible that
this system could also save money by
allowing for the use of a shorter synthetic
turf.” The ratio’s weigh 4.5 lbs./sq. ft. and
5 lbs./sq. ft. respectively.
JDR’s J-Drain TurfCore
The J-Drain product has a number
of advantages over stone-and-shockpad systems. For starters, the system
almost completely eliminates the need
for specialized fractured stone.
“We’re able to use nearly all the
native soil, because the TurfCore does
all the drainage,” says Oliver. “Once the
roots and organic matter are out, that’s
usually all that’s needed. We can use
soil stabilizers to stabilize the existing
base and get a good compact surface.
It eliminates a tremendous amount of
excavating, hauling off, hauling in, and
so forth,” he says.
The TurfCore system does use a 3”
layer of Class 2 road base to get planarity,
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17
Photo Courtesy JDR Enterprises
which is followed by TurfCore, which is
installed in eight-foot wide rolls. The
synthetic turf goes directly on top of the
drain.
“By using a synthetic base, you can
avoid a ‘choker layer’ which can clog the
drainage,” says Oliver.
The CoreTurf system was used in
the 2011 renovation of Aloha Stadium,
site of the NFL Pro Bowl. Installed over
the rock sub-base, it lowered the field
Gmax by 20 points.
“Not only are you getting better
drainage, but the product doesn’t clog
like a stone base would,” syas Oliver. “It
allows us to calculate drainage in advance,
and guarantee to the owners what that
drainage is going to be the first day, and
ten years from then. With a natural stone
base, the guarantee is usually one to two
years. With our products, we offer a ten
year warranty and the probability that
the drainage system will last more than
one turf cycle.”
The Future
With concerns about player safety,
maintenance budgets, and sustainability,
it seems that synthetic turf fields with
combined drainage/shock-pad layers
are the direction field construction is
headed.
“Synthetic just has so many more
applications,” says Wood.
These new drainage systems work
equally well with new installations and
Introducing!
18
WATERPROOF!
on renovations of stone fields, and the
older asphalt-sub-base systems. They
reduce construction time, materials
needed, and the carbon footprint of the
installation.
As word of this type of product
spreads, new applications are being
discovered. Oliver says recreational
areas and running tracks on rooftops are
doubling or tripling every year
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Options for
Finishing Basements
Waterproofers have an
advantage over others when it
comes to finishing below-grade
space, since they know how to
make the area dry and healthy.
Use the right products and good
craftsmanship to ensure the
customer is satisfied.
A
s waterproofing professionals,
we’ve all dealt with homeowners
who want their basement
waterproofed or vaguely “fixed” prior to
the installation of a finished basement.
A lot is on the line. The health of
the homeowner and their family, and the
protection of a big dollar investment they
want to make.
As a waterproofer, you have an
advantage over other contractors. You
know what keeps basements dry and
healthy. You know about the threat
of moisture and mold. In this article,
I’ll outline some important things to
consider when fixing a wet basement and
getting it properly prepared for finishing.
Take A Closer Look
Start off with a thorough exterior
inspection. Move down to the basement
and conduct a visual inspection. Is there
white efflorescence on the walls, or
cracks, dry rot, peeling paint, or a musty
smell? These are serious conditions
which will need to be addressed before a
basement is finished.
20
WATERPROOF!
Components
Let’s discuss the individual
components of a drier, cleaner, healthy,
more energy efficient basement.
Waterproofing: Is there an existing
waterproofing system? Is it functioning
properly? Is it possible that the system
is clogged with silt? This is a common
occurrence with older perforated drain
tile and clay tile systems. Depending on
the level of “peace of mind” desired, it
may make sense to replace the existing
system with a more up-to-date system
to help ensure that no water seepage will
occur once the basement is finished.
Sump Pumps: The sump pump is
the heart of a waterproofing system. If
the heart doesn’t work, nothing else will.
I urge all installers to use a sump pump
with a switch which will not get caught
on debris or on the side of the sump
pump liner.
Included in the waterproofing
systems should be a high water alarm,
which will alert the homeowners if the
water level gets too high in the sump
pump pit. In addition to the alarm, a
high quality battery back-up sump pump
should be installed.
Mold: Remember, the number one
enemy of a healthy finished basement
is moisture. Moisture fuels rot and what
I like to call “the dreaded four letter
word,” M-O-L-D. Mold can cause health
problems, destroy wooden structural
members, and make a home unsellable.
It often isn’t covered by the homeowner’s
insurance policy. By properly drying
(and keeping the basement dry) the risks
of mold can be greatly reduced.
If any area of the basement is
suspect, a proper mold test must be
performed. Simply guessing that a weird
looking spot is or isn’t mold doesn’t cut it
in today’s litigious society. Get a sample
and promptly send it to an accredited lab.
You’ll be happy you did.
If mold remediation is needed, be
sure the person who is cleaning the mold
is qualified to do so. An unqualified tech
can easily make the situation worse.
Foundation Concerns: Inspect the
basement walls. Any structural issues
need to be remedied before the space
Photos Courtesy: Nash Distribution
by Ron Greenbaum
Modern
Basement
Windows:
Basement windows should let in light,
but not drafts, bugs or vines! Windows
should not rust or rot and should seal
tightly, keeping unconditioned outside
air out.
Crawl Spaces: If there is a crawl
space near the basement, it could allow
foul odors, moisture, and mold to travel
into the basement.
Conclusion
If you are finishing an unfinished
space in the basement, be sure to use
water and mold resistant systems. Even
if you have taken all of the necessary
precautions I have outlined in this article,
accidents, such as plumbing leaks, can
still occur.
A basement flood usually only
affects the lower portion of the finishing
system. If caught quickly enough, the
is finished. If left unaddressed; these
problems will often get worse with time.
Since they will be covered once the walls
are finished, the homeowner may not
know there is a problem until the wall
reaches a catastrophic condition.
Examine the walls. Are they bowed
out in the middle? Check the corners
for cracks. How far are they bowed? If
less than two inches, then a carbon fiber
repair might be best. Carbon fiber is
very thin, and easily hides behind wall
systems.
If the bow extends past two inches
at the maximum point, then a more
traditional repair, like steel I-Beams, will
be necessary.
Dehumidifiers: I recommend an
energy efficient, professional-grade
dehumidifier with micron filtration
for basement and crawl space projects.
Ensure the unit has enough "reach" to
maintain the air in the entire basement.
Insulation: As much as 20% to 40%
of the air infiltration in a home comes
from around the rim joist. The solution
to this problem is spray foam insulation.
Unlike fiberglass insulation, closed cell
spray foam insulation is an air barrier
as well as a thermal barrier, keeping
unconditioned outside air outside where
it belongs. This lowers the load on the
HVAC system. Why not offer your
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Fall 2012
21
damaged portion can be removed, mold
treatment applied, and the damaged
section replaced.
Do your customer a favor and
become the expert. Recommend the
right repairs, install them right and help
them have a drier, cleaner, healthier, more
energy efficient home. This is additional
work that as a waterproofing contractor
you can do now.
n
Ron Greenbaum is “The Basement
Doctor.” He has spent the last 22 years
building a reputation of expertise
and quality in central Ohio, and has
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to Maryland, Washington D.C., and
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22
WATERPROOF!
Basement Tips
for Contractors:
Document: Put all expectations on
paper. Take pictures of the work
before, during and after the job
is completed. If a problems crops
up, memories often get fuzzy.
Having everything documented
and signed off on helps prevent
misunderstandings and protects
both you and your customer.
Know Your Staff: Who is in charge
of the job site? Who do you have
in your customer’s home? Are they
dependable, friendly and qualified?
The customer will remember the
installation crew long after the sales
person has left.
Keep The Homeowner Updated:
The foreman should give the
homeowner
regular
updates
regarding the progress of the job.
Simple calls, notes or texts go a long
way to alleviating worry and fear.
The salesperson should also visit the
jobsite and customer.
Keep Everything Positive: The crew
should work well together. Updates
should focus on the progress; the
nitty gritty problems are not what
the homeowner wants to hear. They
hired you so they don’t have to deal
with it themselves.
It All Starts At The Top: As the
owner or manager, it’s up to you
to model the right behaviors for
your staff. Do you embrace your
customers? Do your employees feel
it’s ok to reach for the stars, or are
they too busy covering their butts?
Do you offer them a career, or just
a paycheck? The right leadership
will create an “all-in” culture and
will ensure that your business is as
important to your employee’s as it is
to you.
Waterproofing Techniques
For Bored Tunnels
24
WATERPROOF!
Basic tunneling methods are fairly
standard. First, the tunnel is excavated
using heavy equipment, drill-and-blast
mining techniques, gigantic tunnel
boring machines (TBMs) or some
combination of the above. If needed, soil
nails and rock bolts are then installed
to strengthen and stabilize the newly
exposed face. Also, nearly every bored
tunnel receives a layer of shotcrete that
serves the same purpose.
Most of the popular waterproofing
methods take advantage of this shotcrete
layer to simplify the waterproofing
process. Once this is in place, workers
can install any drainage and/or
waterproofing membranes. Finally, a
grid of reinforcing steel is set up, and a
final tunnel lining is cast. This lining is
usually either another layer of shotcrete
or a traditional concrete mix that’s castin-place using slipforms.
While each jobsite is unique and
each project requires a customized
waterproofing system, these systems can
be categorized into just a few basic types.
Crystalline Systems
Perhaps the least complex method
is to incorporate a crystalline admixture
into the shotcrete so that the concrete
itself becomes waterproof and self
sealing. In past decades, the product
was usually applied as a powder or a
liquid after-the-fact. Recently though,
a better method has been developed.
(For more on crystalline admixtures, see
Understanding Integral Waterproofing in
the Spring 2010 issue.)
Ann Martucci, a marketing executive
Photo Courtesy ICS Penetron
B
ored tunnels are some of the
most demanding and challenging
projects a waterproofer will ever
work on.
Unlike tunnels close to the surface,
which are usually constructed using
cut-and-cover techniques, bored or
mined tunnels are constructed deep
below grade, where sometimes just
getting to the worksite is a major ordeal.
Additionally, the pressures, depths, and
lack of repair options inherent in this
type of work make doing the job right
even more critical than usual.
Because of these challenges, bored
tunnels are usually economical only
when other construction methods—such
as cut-and-cover—can’t be used, usually
because the jobsite is too deep. It’s not
unusual for bored tunnels to reach 160
feet below the surface. At those depths,
the tunnel is almost always carved
through solid bedrock. In other cases,
bored tunnels are preferred because the
surface cannot be disturbed.
Photo Courtesy CalTrans
Bored tunnels, such
as this Pacific Coast
Highway tunnel near
Devil’s Slide, California,
can be a challenge
for waterproofers.
Typically, the stakes are
high, the jobsite remote,
and project size is
enormous.
Photo Courtesy CETCO
PVC membranes are a popular
choice for tunnels and tunnel
entrances due to their durability,
price, and ease of use.
at ICS Penetron, notes, “In the past, we
recommended spraying Penetron onto
the shotcrete surface, but in recent years,
we’ve discovered it’s far more effective—
from both a performance and a cost
basis—to add the product directly to the
shotcrete during application.”
For example, ICS Penetron was
specified to waterproof the tunnels
on a new 250 km rail line in Sweden.
The country has some of the most
stringent pollution and groundwater
contamination standards in Europe,
and with about 25 km of bored tunnels
to seal, the project would be extremely
demanding.
Fortunately,
Penetron
already had a decade of experience in
the country, and their “Penetron Admix
Enhanced Shotcrete” (PAES), developed
in 2003, had already passed rigorous
environmental testing. So in 2009, the
company got the go-ahead. By 2011,
they had delivered more than 5000 cubic
yards of PAES to the project. It was an
elegant solution to a job that otherwise
would have been far more complex.
Crystalline-enhanced
shotcrete
is especially useful for remedial
waterproofing in bored tunnels, as it can
be applied to the negative (inside) face.
The Washington D.C. Metro System
used crystalline products from Xypex to
repair severe leakage problems in several
miles of tunnels, as well as passageways,
mechanical rooms, equipment vaults,
elevator shafts and passenger stations.
In this case, the waterproofing was
applied as a slurry coat over the defective
concrete.
Membrane Systems
A second method uses traditional
blindside membranes developed for deep
foundations.
Unlike foundations, though, which
utilize a drain sheet between the wall and
the waterproofing layer, in tunnel work
the waterproofing membrane is applied
directly to the shotcrete. In this case,
the shotcrete is primarily to stabilize and
encapsulate the sharp edges of the freshly
broken rock, and protect the membrane
from being punctured.
This is the method that was used
to waterproof the recently completed
Devil’s Slide Tunnel on Hwy 1 near
Pacifica, California. The $300-millionplus project involved excavating two
side-by-side tunnels, each one ¾ of a
mile long, 30 feet wide and 24 feet high.
Once a section was excavated,
workers used rock bolts to reinforce the
walls and ceiling, and a remote-controlled
truck applied a layer of fiber-reinforced
shotcrete. The thickness varies from 4 to
14 inches. Next came the waterproofing
membrane, in this case, a open (drained)
PVC membrane from Sika Sarnafil.
Thermoplastic membranes such as
PVC, TPO, or polyethylene (HDPE) are
the most common membrane choices for
bored tunnels. They’re flexible, easy to
install, and resist stretching; Sika’s barrier
stretches more than 300%. Additionally,
these types of membranes are resistant to
low temperatures, aging, and can easily
be welded and repaired, even in moist or
wet areas.
Once the waterproofing was installed
Fall 2012
25
Photo Courtesy Xypex
The 25-mile-long Channel Tunnel, connecting England and France,
used more than 500 tons of joint waterproofing.
on the Devil’s Slide tunnel, construction
followed the typical pattern. Workers
installed a double mat of rebar to match
the area’s seismic requirements. A railmounted slip-form was used to cast the
final tunnel lining.
CETCO has recently developed a
series of PVC membranes specifically
for bored tunnels. The CoreFlex 60
integrates a 60-mil thermoplastic
membrane with DuPont's ElvaloyKEE (Keytone Ethylene Ester) to seal
any leaks that develop. It’s reportedly
the only thermoplastic membrane
composite with this reactive, self-sealing
performance feature.
The company also makes 80- 100and 120-mil membranes without the self
sealing liners.
“The tunneling industry really
prefers these durable PVC membranes
because of the longer service life,” reports
Stacy Byrd, National Products Manager
at CETCO.
Drainage and Waterstops
Many tunnel designs—especially
deep tunnel designs—allow for a certain
amount of leakage.
Designers typically shy away from
specifying drain sheets, as pressures
deep within the earth are extreme, and
they don’t want anything compressible
in the design. Still, some sort of drainage
is needed to reduce hydrostatic pressure
on the waterproofing system. Engineers
typically turn to a system of waterstops,
drain pipes, and sump pumps.
The goal is to direct the flow of water
to the drain lines for discharge as quickly
as possible.
If a PVC membrane is used,
26
WATERPROOF!
thermoplastic waterstops are standard,
as they can be welded to the membrane.
PVC waterstops—flexible, impermeable
barriers—are installed vertically at
regular intervals to limit the distance
water can migrate behind the membrane.
Byrd reports that they’re typically
installed every 30 feet or so, dividing
the tunnel into drainage sections of
no more than a thousand square feet.
These waterstops are different from the
conventional cold-joint waterstops used
in regular concrete work. They have
a different profile, and are so stiff that
they can’t easily be rolled. They typically
arrive at the jobsite in long straight
sections with separate factory-fabricated
connections.
The preferred solution for drain
lines is surprisingly mundane: the
standard
perforated-pipe-in-gravel
every waterproofing contractor is
familiar with. On the 25-mile Channel
Tunnel connecting England to France,
the perforated pipe was laid in the gravel
ballast under the rails.
If possible, the pipes are run to
daylight and drained by gravity. On the
Channel Tunnel and other deep tunnels,
a standard sump pump setup is used.
Polyurethane Grout
Systems
Like every type of project, bored
tunnels have an Achilles Heel. Cold
joints, expansion joints, and connections
to other tunnels—such as ventilation
shafts or cross passages—are prone to
leakage and require extra care.
One popular method for secondary
waterproofing or remedial repair is
polyurethane grout. They’re especially
useful when access shafts or other
penetrations create geometric shapes
that are too awkward for sheet goods to
seal adequately. This grout is usually
injected as a liquid resin that reacts with
water to form a watertight, permanent
seal.
Grace
Construction
Products
markets a sheet membrane that comes
with a grid of polyurethane grout
injection ports pre-installed. After the
final tunnel lining is installed, the grout
can be injected at any location to ensure
a watertight bond.
CETCO’s line of thermoplastic
membranes can also be installed with
integral grout tubes.
Additional Considerations
Waterproofing is critical in deep
tunnel applications because the stakes
are so high. Maintenance or repair
work typically would cause a serious
interruption in service, so the job has to
be done right. A failed waterproofing
job, though, is not only inconvenient,
but dangerous. In a mountain highway
tunnel, for instance, any water or ice
buildup is a serious safety hazard.
Peter D’Antonio, who oversees
tunnel sales for Sika Sarnafil, notes,
“Proper waterproofing of tunnels is
one of the most cost-effective ways to
increase the useful life of these structures
and enhance safety. Water seeping into
a structure endangers the building
materials through the freeze-thaw
cycle, with water freezing inside cracks
and causing them to enlarge. Further,
preventing water from freezing on road
surfaces increases safety.”
n
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tunnel
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UTILIZING
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Epoxy Gel for Crack Repair
FREE Product Information
For additional information
on any product advertised in
this issue visit
www.waterproofmag.com/freeinfo
Spring 2008
Winte
Fall 2007
Winter
r 2008
2009
oofing
Waterpr
Grade
Above
Solution
derslab
Roof
The Un
Stadium
Phoenix
Blindside
Waterproofing
ds
Drainage Boar
Footing and
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Roofing a Histo
Sump
Fixing
Pumps
a Broke
Built Up
Under
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28
WATERPROOF!
$4.95
Gree
n Ro
ofs
the Sta
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dation
Water
Dim
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Roofing
W.R. Meadows is now marketing Rezi-Weld, a construction
epoxy for concrete anchoring and restoration projects.
The two-component, rapid-setting, moisture insensitive
epoxy is easy-to-mix
and
easy-to-apply.
Rezi-Weld Gel Paste
State can be troweled,
brushed, injected, or
pumped and is ideal
for filling cracks,
anchoring, doweling,
making small patches,
and general repairs.
It is especially well suited for surface sealing on concrete
walls prior to pressure injection.
“This injection gel adhesive has a high viscosity and
fast chemical bonding, making it a quick and easy solution
for concrete repairs,” said Matthew Price, president of W.R.
Meadows.
Rezi-Weld can contribute to LEED credits including
Indoor Environmental Quality and Materials and Recourses.
For more information, call (800) 342-5976 or visit www.
wrmeadows.com.
UV-Resistant Air Barrier
Perm-A-Barrier VPO from Grace Construction Products
is a fluid-applied vapor permeable air barrier membrane
designed for commercial and residential applications that will
experience significant UV exposure.
A one-component acrylic membrane, Perm-A-Barrier
VPO was developed for wall assemblies requiring “breathable”
characteristics. It is engineered for exposure to indirect and
intermittent
sunlight,
such
as behind open
joint rain screen
systems. During
construction,
it
can be exposed
to direct sunlight
for as long as six
months.
As a vapor permeable membrane, it permits the
transfusion of water vapor that might otherwise condense in
the wall structure, but is impermeable to liquid water, which
allows the material to act as a water drainage plain. Because
Perm-A-Barrier VPO is a single component, it is fast and easy
On the Market
to apply with simple spray equipment, and can be applied even
if the substrate is damp.
Perm-A-Barrier VPO provides continuous air tightness
and water protection throughout the wall assembly and meets
the ASTM E2357 standard requirements. Perm-A-Barrier VPO
is dark-colored, offering design flexibility. Replace Waterstops with Injecto
De Neef ’s Injecto line of injectable hoses replaces traditional
waterstops and helps overcome many of the problems that occur
in cold joints during normal concrete placement. Permeable
hoses are attached
to cold joints prior
to the concrete
pour, and then
injected
with
polyurethane
grout after the
concrete has had a
chance to cure for
28 days. This allows for the cracks created by the natural process
of concrete shrinkage to fully develop before being sealed. In
addition, defects that routinely occur during concrete pours
such as rock pockets or insufficient consolidation are filled and
sealed during the injection process. For more information, call
800-732-0166 or visit www.deneef.com.
•
•
•
New Look for Henry Blueskin
Henry Company’s Blueskin SA and SA LT air and vapor
barriers are now imprinted with a new high-visibility, branded
design that helps contractors promote their use of superior
building materials. The products feature an updated Henry
Blueskin logo, the product name and the slogan, “Superior Air/
Vapor Barrier.”
“The new imprints on our Blueskin SA and SA LT
membranes are designed to provide our professional customers
with a competitive
edge
in
the
marketplace
by
promoting
their
use
of
trusted,
worldclass products,”
explains
Marc
Tropper, Henry’s
director of product management, air barriers and waterproofing.
Blueskin SA is a self-adhering membrane consisting of
an SBS rubberized asphalt compound laminated on a blue
www.hollowkickmolding.com
Fall 2012
29
engineered film. Blueskin SA LT is formulated specifically
for low-temperature application (minimum application
temperature of 10º F/minus 12º C). They are self-sealing when
penetrated with self-tapping fasteners, and provide excellent
compatibility with Henry Air-Bloc membranes and adhesives.
They are sold in 75-foot rolls.
For additional information regarding Henry products or
services, call 800-486-1278 or visit www.henry.com.
Solvent-Free EPDM Bonding Adhesive
Carlisle SynTec Systems has indtroduced a solvent-free
EPDM bonding adhesive. This adhesive has several advantages
Because it is solvent-free, it’s non-flammable and requires
no mixing before application. Its low VOC content (57 gpl)
ensures that it is environmentally friendly, odorless and meets
all current VOC regulations.
“Our solvent-free EPDM
Bonding Adhesive is an
environmentally
friendly
alternative to some of the widely
used products on the market,”
said Scott Long, Carlisle’s
EPDM product manager. “This
is a high-strength, polymerbased adhesive that provides
extremely fast installation,
as well as excellent adhesion
between various substrates and Carlisle’s non-reinforced EPDM
membranes and flashings.”
The single-sided wet lay-in adhesive offers a 100 ft² per
gallon coverage rate.
For more information, call 800-479-6832 or visit www.
carlisle-syntec.com.
New Air Barrier from Cosella
Cosella-Dörken has launched a new air barrier system.
Delta-Vent SA is a vapor permeable, self-adhesive, waterresistive air barrier for commercial and residential use.
“Today’s architects are looking to improve the energy
efficiency of their buildings,” says Peter Barrett, product
manager at Cosella-Dörken Products Inc. “The new Delta-Vent
SA combines highly aggressive special adhesives with high
vapor permeability to create an air- and water-tight barrier that
improves energy efficiency.”
By fully adhering to the substrate without mechanical
fasteners, this product eliminates the need to puncture the
barrier. It also combines strong adhesion to common substrates
such as concrete, masonry, OSB, plywood and exterior grade
drywall, with a high, 50-perms vapor permeability rating.
Delta-Vent SA is one of the first air barriers on the market
that comes with a factory-applied seaming edge. A 2” strip
30
WATERPROOF!
of adhesive is applied to the
top edge of the front side of
the DELTA®-VENT SA and
covered with a release liner.
Locking this edge with the
bottom side of the next row
creates a very secure and tightly
sealed lap, which removes any
chance of pealing or lifting after
application.
“Premium quality Delta-Vent SA improves occupant
comfort, lowers operating costs, extends building life and
provides better moisture management and mold resistance – all
top of mind concerns for today’s best architects and designers,”
says Barrett. For more information, call 800-4DELTA4 or visit
www.cosella-dorken.com.
Ad Index
American Hydrotech
IFC
BASF
3
Boccia
29
Carlisle Coatings
IBC
Cetco
27
Colbond
18
DMX
19
Emecole
12
Epro
BC
EZ Breathe
22
Greenroofs.com
28
Infra-Red Analyzers
25
Insulation Solutions
29
International Leak Detection
11
J-Drain
15
Liberty Pumps
9
MFM Building Products
13
Nash Distribution
23
Nationwide Reinforcing
5
Polyguard
7
Protecto Wrap
17
Rhino Carbon Fiber
21
Waterproof.com
8
Waterproof! Magazine
28
W.R. Meadows
17
World of Concrete
6
Visit www.waterproofmag.com/freeinfo for
product information from these advertisers.
BRAD DEPENDS ON FIRE
RESISTANCE TECHNOLOGY.
SO DOES YOUR BUILDING.
Introducing Fire Resist, by Carlisle Coatings & Waterproofing!
The only line of fire resistant air and vapor barriers.
The same NASA technology that protects Brad Keselowski from a fiery crash can
help protect your building from a fire. Only Carlisle’s Fire Resist product line is
energy efficient, fire resistant and NFPA 285 code compliant!
Visit www.FireResistCCW.com for more information
about these revolutionary new products.
Carlisle Coatings & Waterproofing Incorporated
800.527.7092 | www.carlisle-ccw.com
900 Hensley Lane, Wylie, Texas 75098