lbtgc - WoodWisdom-Net
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lbtgc - WoodWisdom-Net
FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites LBTGC Load Bearing Timber-Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Alireza FADAI www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net LBTGC LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Project consortium 27 Partners from: Austria, Brazil, Chile, Germany, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net LBTGC LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Understanding of general objectives Looking back : Timber (soft and flexible) and Glass (hard and brittle) had always been “good friends”. Window frames had always been stabilized by blocking with “mastic” Source: fotocommunity.de www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net LBTGC LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Understanding of general objectives 1840 without diagonal bracing, glass as diaphragm www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net 2000 bracing with steel cables LBTGC LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Understanding of general objectives www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net LBTGC LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Understanding of general objectives Former research: •only glueline flatwise with silicone •large deformation www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites Development steps Basic principals & design solutions Material specifications Experimental investigation on S, M & L specimens Structural design & calculation methods Pilot projects Manufacturing Life Cycle Assessment www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Overview LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Basic principals & design solutions • Development of ideas • Exploration of potentials and specific benefits • Design solutions (with regard to seismic loads & other horizontal forces) • Design of connection details • Pre-design and technical proposals for further development as for application www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Developing Basic principals & design solutions Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Principals for building stiffening •Technical proposals for further development •Design of connection details www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Developing design solutions load bearing TGC elements Timber-Glass Composit (TGC) elements Load-baring box-type tube-plank with glazed load-bearing outer shell, with integrated PV-/solar collector www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Overview LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Material specifications and tests with small specimens • Basic material properties of the adhesives • Short-term testing on bonded parts • Milestone: Selection of a subset of adhesives, adherends and surface treatments for long-term testing (10/12) • Long-term testing on bonded parts • Evaluation of artificial ageing and permanent loading www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Material specifications – tests with small specimens Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Material data and specification for a large variety of adhesive •Identification of suitable adhesives for further use and long-term studies •Joint study verification of test methods and specimen geometries www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Material specifications Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Material recommendations for glass, adhesives and timber •Stiffness categories have been defined for adhesives Stifness type Adhesive A B C A. B. C. Soft initial modulus of elasticity < 10 Mpa Medium initial modulus of elasticity 100 – 500 Mpa Stiff initial modulus of elasticity 1000 – 5000 Mpa Manufaturer SikaSil SG500 OttoColl® S 660 DC993 Ködiglaze S Ködiglaze P SikaTack Move Transportation SikaFast 5215 NT DELO-PUR® 9895 C44.8505 SikaForce 7710L100 Sikadur 30 Araldite 2029 DELO-DUOPOX AD840 SIKA Otto-Chemie Dow Corning Kömmerling Kömmerling ScotchWeld™ DP490 3M Körapox 558 Kömmerling SIKA SIKA DELO Industrial Adhesives Nolax SIKA SIKA Huntsman Adv. Materials DELO Industrial Adhesives The stiffness category to use depends on the solution chosen for transferring the loads from the timber frame to the glass. Adhesives from all three categories have been utilized within the project. www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Major achievements LBTGC Material specifications Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Determination of creep deformation of blocking materials 1,2% 30 1,0% 25 0,8% 20 0,6% 15 0,4% 10 0,2% 5 0,0% 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Duration [h] www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net 1200 1400 0 1600 Temperature [°C] Compressive strain Test setup for creep testing of blocking material PK1 PK2 PK4 PK5 PK6 Ø PK7 PK8 PK9 PK10 PK11 Ø T [°C] Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Material specifications Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Long-term behavior of bond parts Long-term testing small specimens with silicone bonds www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Overview LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Mid-sized and large Specimens • Testing walls and beams (strength, ductility, stiffness, …) • Placing specimens outside, environmental and long-term loading, static tests of permanent loaded specimens, seismic tests • Walls: Testing different types of loads • Beams: Investigation of second order effects and lateral stability • Recommendations for use and implementation in structures www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of mid-sized specimens Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Significant increase of shear capacity using highmodulus adhesives instead of silicones •Gradual reduction of deformation Shear stress max [MPa] 5,0 Epoxy 4,0 Modified epoxy Cohesive failure of silicone joint 3,0 2,0 1,0 Structural silicone 0,0 -0,50 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 Shear strain tan max 2,50 www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net 3,00 Plywood rupture using epoxy bond Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of mid-sized specimens Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Long-term behavior under different climate conditions •Residual shear strength test after long term loading Medium size specimens placed outside and partly protected from direct contact from adverse weather conditions by a shelter Test setup for long-term behavior, creep testing Residual shear strength test after long term www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of mid-sized specimens Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Long-term tests on building components (0.50 m x 1.00 m) under lab conditions three different load levels for each adhesive (structural silicone, modified epoxy, epoxy) Digital indicator to measure the shear deformation of the adhesive joint plywood adaptor bondline 3 x 12 mm Six similar test rigs for simultaneous testing Cross section of the adhesive joint www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of mid-sized specimens Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Creep behavior of three different adhesives determined in several 1000 hour long-term tests •Minor loss of load-bearing capacity for preloaded specimen compared to initial values 3,0 Structural silicone Ottocoll S660 under various loading levels Deformation [mm] 2,5 2,0 1,5 0,30MPa S660 (w spacer) 1,0 0,10MPa S660 (w/o spacer) 0,05MPa S660 (w/o spacer) 0,5 0,05MPa S660 (w spacer) 0,0 0 200 400 600 Duration [h] 800 www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net 1000 Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of large specimens - shear walls Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Short-term behaviour of shear walls •Tests under monotonic and cyclic loads Monotonic tests, failure of the test samples with a very stiff adhesive (epoxy) was completely brittle with a glass rupture in the compressive diagonal. Cyclic tests on shear wall, wall prepared for optical measuring www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of large specimens - shear walls Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Short-term behaviour of shear walls tests under seismic loads Before and after each earthquake simulation sine sweep test with frequencies in the range of 1-32 Hz and intensity of 0.01g was applied to record the response of the structure. Seismic tests on the shaking table www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of large specimens - shear walls Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Short-term behaviour of shear walls tests under seismic loads First periods of 1 and 2 story timber glass models before and after the earthquake simulation Seismic tests on the shaking table www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of large specimens – shear wall tests Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Influence of adhesive stiffness on buckling load depends on geometry of timber/glass joint •Glass pane fully embedded in timber => small influence of adhesive stiffness •Typical load bearing capacity 100-150 kN/m (vertical) and 50kN/m (horizontal) load 1200 95 Previous tests – large influence of adhesive stiffness 2400 40 80 2+10+2 Shear wall tests Adhesives: Epoxy, acrylate, silicone Loading schemes: Vertical load, horizontal load, combination of vertical + horizontal www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Current tests – small influence of adhesive stiffness Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Testing of large specimens - I-beams Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Monotonic tests on beams •Ductile behaviour (50% load increase after first crack) -> possible: ordinary float glass and high quality timber flanges •Beam theory based on partial composite action predicts well the behaviour •Almost full composite action already for moderately stiff adhesives (MOE > 100 MPa) Final failure, fracture pattern www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net I-beam tests Adhesives: Epoxy, acrylate, silicone Glass web: 8 mm float or heat strengthened Timber: finger jointed (nonstructural) pine wood Overview LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Structural Design • Development of models for large scale components (beams, walls) • Reports on structural behavior (short term, long term, seismic) as predicted by theoretical models • Confirmation or recalibration of developed FE-models • Numerical and analytical studies (emphasis on walls and beams) • Studies on duration of load effects, response under seismic loading and influence of climate on strength and stiffness • Studies on mounting of glass into a frame and choice of adhesives www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements LBTGC FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Type 01: H H Shear adhesive bond line & blocking - single frame (system ITI) Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites Type 02: Shear adhesive bond line & blocking - coupled frames Type 01 Type 02 H Type 03: H Blocking - single frame Type 04: Blocking - coupled frames Type 03 Type 04 H Type 05: H Shear adhesive bond line single frame (system HFA) Type 06: Shear adhesive bond line coupled frames Type 05 Type 06 Single and coupled frames, types , geometry: 125 cm / 250 cm Stiffness of coupled three single frames [kN/cm] Analytical method calculation without continuous top end 5.04 5.86 5.04 Σ = 15.94 edge frame middle frame FEM calculation without continuous top end 16.39 edge frame 2 Analytical method calculation with 4.54 continuous top end 0 25.38 10 20 www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net coupled three single frames FEM 4.54 30 40 Overview LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Structural Design • FE-studies (stiffness, failure mode, aso.) on different types of walls and beams under short-term loading in ambient conditions • Modeling of seismic behavior and thus obtaining properties such as energy dissipative characteristics (adhesive joint) www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC … Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites 28.10.2009 www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites 200 SG500_1, Vertical Horizontal load SG500_2, Horizontal SG500_3, HV25% SG500_4, HV60% Sdur30_1, Vertical Sdur30_2, Horizontal IGU_1, Horizontal DP490_1, Vertical DP490_2, Horizontal DP490_3, HV20% DP490_4, HV50% DP490_5, HV20% DP490_6, HV50% Vertical load [kN] 150 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 Horizontal load [kN] 200 Predicted buckling shapes for different loading: Horizontal 28.10.2009 www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Horizontal+ vertical Vertical Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites 28.10.2009 www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Basic design rules Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites Design principles beams: • • • • Composite beam theory Flanges should be overstrength Stress in glass web Lateral buckling Design principles shear walls: • Buckling of component (influence of adhesive stiffness depends on joint geometry) • Shear strength of adhesive joint • Tensile stress in glass • Strength of timber in compression perp grain 28.10.2009 www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Overview LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Life cycle analysis • Ecological analysis • Life Cycle Assessment („from cradle to grave“) • Evaluation of the environmental impact of different composites (timber-glass, aluminum-glass, aso.) www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Life cycle assessment - evaluation of the environmental impact Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Overview LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 Public impact and pilot projects • Experience on the applicability developed composite systems • Workshops and competitions for students and encouragement of students to work on pilot projects as a part of their thesis • Organization of conferences and symposia (exchanging ideas between academic and industrial people) • Initiation and implementing of various pilot projects www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Public impact Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Presentation of project results at glasstec in Düsseldorf •Specific session on timber and glass at engineered transparency •Timber glass demonstrators exhibited by industrial partners •Young Researchers Day with more than twelve contributions from the group © Messe Düsseldorf/Tillmann www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Pilot projects Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Pilot project by industrial partner Gumpp & Maier, Germany Design: S. Hernandez, Gumpp & Maier Prototype production www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Pilot projects - monitoring of long-term behavior Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Monitoring TGC Multi-story Facades pilot project Otto Chemie, Germany Monitoring TGC Multi-story Facades Logistikzentrum Hermann Otto GmbH www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net Major achievements FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Pilot projects - monitoring of long-term behavior Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites •Monitoring TGC Multi-story Facades pilot project HAAS Haus, Austria Timber glass composite Multi-story Facades Blaue Lagune HAAS Haus www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net FINAL SEMINAR of the Joint Call on sustainable forest management and optimised used of lignocellulosic resources - Hanover 11 November 2014 LBTGC Load Bearing Timber Glass Composites Thank you for your attention! Alireza FADAI, Wolfgang WINTER Department of Structural Design and Timber Engineering Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/E259-2; A-1040 Vienna [email protected] www.call2010.woodwisdom.net | www.eranetbioenergy.net
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