century, birth of design

Transcription

ANGLAIS_DESIGN_18E_BAT.qxp_Mise en page 1 27/10/2014 15:08 Page1
FOR
Game
Booklet
CH
IL
DR
EN
18th century,
birth of design
Furniture
masterpieces
1650 to 1790
From 28 October 2014
to 22 February 2015
18th century, birth of design
Immerse yourself in the world of 18th century furniture design :
an exhibition full of surprises, variety and ingenious inventions. Open
your eyes to this bygone design era... and complete this game booklet!
This exhibition will display masterpieces of furniture
made between 1650 to 1790, during the reign of
Louis XIV to the reign of Louis XVI, up to the time of
the French Revolution. However, the commodes, tables
and armchairs that you are about to discover are very
special: they are unique furniture pieces, intended for
the royal family or the aristocracy, and were designed
by unknown but extraordinary artists. These ingenious
craftsmen invented new lines, used new techniques
and together contributed to transforming furniture design, in their quest to design furniture pieces best suited to their purpose. The exhibition gives visitors an
insight into this wonderful design metamorphosis.
–2–
1
From the furniture
pieces shown above,
find the furniture
piece that isn't part
of a pair!
2
With the help of the letters
shown in the grid, insert the
furniture names listed below.
R
C
Some of these furniture pieces
are less popular today, or
the names have been changed.
For example, a ployant is what
we would refer to today as
a folding chair, a coquillier
was used for storing a collection
of shells and, lastly,
a chiffonnier was a small
piece of furniture with drawers,
which is taller than it is wide.
We hope you have lots of fun
learning about these pieces
during the exhibition.
E
C
–3–
ARMOIRE
CABINET
CHIFFONNIER
COMMODE
CONSOLE TABLE
COQUILLIER
PLOYANT
SECRETARY DESK
WRITING DESK
Lines and curves
Between 1650 and 1790, for one hundred and forty years, cabinetmaker artists
put their skills and imagination to the test through the design and creation of their
furniture pieces. As time went on, tastes changed: moving from a somewhat rigid
style (like this beautiful ebony cabinet from the reign of Louis XIV, shown above)
to the playful curves of pieces from the Louis XV period. The style later returned
to straight lines during the reign of Louis XVI. Observing all of these changes
is like taking a journey through time!
3
Match the decorative
patterns (the embellishments) to each of the
three furniture pieces
shown on this page.
–4–
Zoom in on this armchair, emblematic of the
Louis XV period. The previous armchairs,
during the reign of Louis XIV, were more
linear, more rigid and the armrests were
arranged directly in line with the front
legs. They evoke the strict etiquette of the
Palace of Versailles! However, during
the time of Louis XV, there was an
increasing desire for comfort,
leading to the design of
chairs with lower seats,
steeply inclined backrests and more functional armrests... overall,
this period marked the
arrival of designs featuring soft curved lines.
4
How is the Louis XVI style characterised ? Under the reign of Louis XVI,
there was a backlash against the
excesses of curvy styles resulting in
a return to straighter lines... But with
refinements! Look at the legs of this
table carefully: they are typical of the
Louis XVI style, as they are straight,
slightly tapered and grooved.
–5–
Does this table
remind you of...
m matchsticks ?
m the columns
of Greek temple ?
m spears ?
Colours and materials
When you look at some of the furniture pieces more
carefully, you will be amazed by the amount of details:
pieces featuring detailed decorations in lacquer imported
from Asia and others with extraordinary wood marquetry.
Marquetry is the art of forming patterns out of inlaid pieces
of wood (or other materials), in order to create a decorative
tableau.
To enhance the decorative aspect, the artists also used
straw, mother of pearl and marble etc. All of these details
added to the majestic beauty of the commodes, tables
and desks and to the diversity of colours. In addition,
rich fabrics were used to adorn the armchairs and sofas.
5
Out of these four brightly coloured commodes,
only one version really exists, which is on display
at the exhibition. Which one is it? Identify the
correct version and circle it.
–6–
6
During the visit, you
will be able to view
furniture pieces with
splendid decorations.
The artists designed
them using a large
variety of materials,
some of which are
surprising. Look carefully at the furniture
pieces in the exhibition and match each
image to the corresponding label.
PORCELAIN
STEEL
LAQUER
STRAW
WOOD
BRASS
STONE
–7–
MOTHER
OF PEARL
FABRIC
Three artists
Out of all the great woodworkers, the exhibition places emphasis
on the following three: André-Charles Boulle (1642-1732),
Charles Cressent (1685-1768) and Jean-Henri Riesener (1734-1806).
BOULLE was a great artist with many talents. We owe him the invention
of the commode (previously, clothes were stored in chests) and the use of bronze
for ornamentation. He also revolutionised the art of marquetry, by inventing
a new process of cutting out the same pattern from two panels of contrasting
materials placed on top of each other to obtain the "part" and the "counterpart".
At the end of the exhibition, you can view the work of students from the Ecole
Boulle, who have inherited the cabinetmaker's know-how.
7
Look carefully at this exceptional
commode designed by Boulle,
with its eight bronze decorated
legs, its angles and its four
Sphinxes (fabulous creatures
with a woman’s bust, a lion's
body and bird wings). Find
the shadow that matches.
–8–
06).
Inspired by Boulle, CRESSENT
is famous for his flat writing
desks, his angled armoires, his
marquetry inlaid with geometric
patterns...and this furniture
piece that you can see here.
e
".
8
What do you think it is used for ?
m Storing medallions
m Storing kites
m Smoothing out ties and jabots
RIESENER is the author of the famous
King's desk (see next page). Here you can
see the straight lines of this commode and
its remarkable façade with compartments.
9
–9–
Find this furniture piece in the
exhibition and fill in the patterns
that you see on the compartments
or have fun creating new ones!
The king’s desk
This extraordinary piece of furniture is full of mystery! Crafted by the cabinetmaker Oeben and completed by his successor, Riesener, this desk was designed
and created for King Louis XV, and Louis XVI later used it. Observe the wonderful bronzes and marquetry decorating the desk. They represent Gods from Greek
mythology such as Apollo, and symbols of poetry, science and war - everything
that a King should know about! What you can't see with your eye is that the
desk incorporates ingenious mechanisms, as well as an inset clock. Along
the sides, separate drawers contained inkwells that could be refilled without
opening the desk. Its contents therefore remained hidden away. And, once the
desk was opened, the king had quick access to the secret drawers where he was
able to hide all of the documents that needed to be kept away from prying eyes.
10
Keys and locks were one of Louis
XVI's passions. Just one of key,
the king's key, could open his
desk. Circle the correct key!
Then, by carefully observing
this furniture piece, guess
where the lock is located: mark
the location with a small cross.
– 10 –
M
Marie-Antoinette’s Jewellery case
This furniture piece, commissioned by Queen Marie-Antoinette
in 1787 (two years before the Revolution!), was used for storing
her diamonds, rubies and other pearls. It is a reflection of the
precious jewels that it contains: exceptionally ornate and decorative.
11
Do you see all of these bronze sculptures? The medallion in the centre evokes the arts, the group of
figures on the top represents strength, wisdom and
abundance... What do you think the four beautiful
women in front of you symbolise (one is holding
a bunch of flowers, another ears of grain, etc.)?
– 11 –
m The cardinal points
m The elements
(air, earth, water, fire)
m The seasons
Design your own
furniture piece with legs
Many of the furniture pieces
in the exhibition have strange
legs: if you look closely,
COMPETITION
you will find legs in the shape
of lions, dogs, cheetahs and
antelopes. In the style of
a cabinetmaker from the 18th
century, design your own piece of
furniture with legs...representing the animal
of your choice! Elephant legs, stork legs, spider
legs or cat legs... Choose whatever inspires you
the most, and draw it on a blank sheet of paper!
A Grand prize-winner
will be chosen and will receive
as a reward a replica of their piece
of furniture based on
a 3D printout
of their design.
15 other children will also be chosen
as winners and will receive
a €20 gift voucher for the on-line
Palace of Versailles shop.
To participate, send the completed coupon below with your design to: Château de Versailles - Direction
de la communication – Service Partenariats - RP834 - 78008 Versailles Cedex.
We are undersigned,
Name of legal guardians*: .............................................................................................................................................................
E-mail** : .......................................................................................................................................................................................
Address* : .......................................................................................................................................................................................
Post/ZIP code* : ............... Town* : .................................................................................. Tel. :.....................................................
Authorise our child to participate in this competition:
Surname* (of the child) : ............................................................. First name* (of the child) : .....................................................
Age of the child* : ...................................... Boy* Girl*
r I would like to receive information by e-mail relating to the Palace of Versailles.
*Mandatory fields. Competition organised by the Palace of Versailles and Paris Mômes, running from 28 October 2014 to 22 February 2015 inclusive. Open to all participants aged 5 to 13 in possession of a game
booklet. Payment sent free of charge on written request sent to the aforementioned address. The data collected shall be processed solely by the organiser. **In accordance with the amended law on Information
Technology and Freedoms (Loi Informatique et Libertés) of 6 January 1978, participants have the right to access, request further information, change or, if applicable, challenge any data concerning them. They
may challenge at any time the disclosure of such data to third parties. All requests to access, change or challenge personal data should be sent to the aforementioned address.
Find the answers to the game on parismomes.fr, under the "Events" heading. Booklet design
www.parismomes.fr. Design: Orianne Charpentier and
Elodie Coulon. Editing : Orianne Charpentier. Graphic Design : Elodie Coulon.
Photo credits. ©Adkeys /©Museum of Decorative Arts - Jean Tholance /©RMN-Grand Palais (Palace of Versailles) Christophe Fouin/ ©The Louvre Museum, Dist RMN-GP Thierry Ollivier / ©The Louvre
Museum Dist RMN-GP Studio Sébert / ©RMN - GP (The Louvre Museum) All rights reserved / ©RMN-Grand Palais (Palace of Versailles) All rights reserved / ©Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation- Catarina
Gomes Ferreira /©RMN-GP (Palace of Fontainebleau) Gérard Blot / ©The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco / © Archives Gismondi / © Daniel Dehenny.

century, birth of design

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