Psychokinesis and it`s Possible Implication to
Transcription
Psychokinesis and it`s Possible Implication to
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY REPLY TO ATTENTION OF: US ARMY COMBINED ARMS CENTER AND FORT LEAVENWORTH OFFICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL RECORDS MANAGEMENT 881 MCCLELLAN AVENUE, BLDG 194 FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS 66027-1361 January 25, 2008 Freedom of Information and Privacy Act Office John Greenewald Dear Mr. Greenewald: This letter is a follow-up to your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request FP-08-005619/FA-08-0015, dated January 8, 2008, requesting a copy of the Master’s thesis entitled, Psychokinesis and its Possible Implication to Warfare Strategy, by W. G. Norton, published at Fort Leavenworth. Your initial request was sent to the Combined Arms Research Library staff. As these documents were open source and available for public distribution these publications may be released to you in their entirety (enclosed). There are no fees warranted for this information. Should you need to inquire about or obtain any information in the future regarding your initial FOIA request, please contact me at 913-684-7148 or my Assistant, Jan Hollis at 913-684-7175. This request is closed. Thank you. Encl Sincerely, Michelle J. Owens Installation Records Manager FOIA/PA Officer UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER ADB097979 NEW LIMITATION CHANGE TO Approved for public release, unlimited distribution FROM Distribution limited to U.S. Gov't. agencies only; Proprietary Info.; 7 Jun 85. Other requests must be referred to U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Attn: ATZL-SWD-GD. Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-6900. AUTHORITY USACGSC ltr, 30 Aug 2001 THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED PSYCHOKINESIS AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPLICATION TO WARFARE STRATEGY A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE N by 0 B. W. GARY NORTON, MAJ, USA B. S., Clarkson University, 1972 DTIC SELECTEIJAN 14 1986 Fort Leavenworth, 1985 Kansas B Distribution limited to U. S. Government agencies only; Other requests for Proprietary Information; 7 June 1985. Sthis document must be referred to: U. S. Army Command and General Staff College, ATTN: ATZL-SWD-GD, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027--6900. , &5-3358 k.' I-" MEMO&= , - i "PSYCHOKINESIS AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPLICATION TO WARFARE STRATEGY A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial -. / fulfillment ,• of the requirements degree MASTER OF MILITARY for the ART AND SCIENCE by B. W. GARY NORTON, MAJ, USA S., Clarkson University, 1912 Fort Leavenworth, 1985 -. "' Kansas Distribution limited to U. S. Government agencies only; Proprietary Information; 7 June 1985. Other requests for this document must be referred to: U. 2 Army Command and General Staff College, ATTN: ATZL-SWD-6D, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027-6900. &S-33,98 MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE THESIS APPROVAL PACE Name of Candidate: MAJ W. GARY NORTON Title of Thesis: Psychokinesis and Its Possible Implication to Warfare Strategy Approved by: , P)) Dj. 4CPT Gregory P. -- i. ayrionn ,/ Member, Member Alan Israel, Ph.D. Member, COL Edward F. Accepted _ _ Philip1J. i zthum, 1985 by: Director, __, Brookes, Consulting Faculty Ph.D. this 7th day of June _ Graduate Faculty MPA .riedi, ý_____________________Ph__0 _& Dr. Thesis Committee Chairman Hollis, Ph.D. Ph.D. Graduate Degree Programs The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to this study should include the foregoinE statement.) % J ABSTRACT PSYCHOKINESIS AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPLICATION TO WARFARE STRATEGY: A content analysis of existing information on specified psychokinetic characteristics and their possible utilization potential to influence warfare strategy, by Major W. Gary Norton, U. S. A., 85 pages. 'This ppsychokinesis. study is The a c'omprehensive analysis characteristics of of psychokinesis are examined by reviewing and analyzing available experimental studies, articles, and texts. The characteristics and applications were analyzed and recorded to determine if the collective literature reported and supported the explicit or implicit utility of psyc-hokinesis as a tool of warfare.) The study focused on the potential application impact on c-ommand and control. Specificrlly, the study reviewed previous research whereby the results demonstrated psychokinesis had affected electromagnetic, electronic, communications, and "computer equipment, as well as biological metabolisms. -i:The results of the study revealed three main conclusions. First, psychokinesis could, with continued research, have a potential military value for future military operations when psychokinesis has been developed to the point for effective utilization. The second conclusion was that the implications of psychokinesis with respect to warfare strategy are not of immediate concern, but are of long range consideration impacting on command and control. The military application of psychokinesis has future possibilities, but is not sufficiently researched and refined for implementation at this time was the third conclusion. " i ss nO i.•2 i';i" For GT: A&•. I A.. 1ry , " ,- • . .'' , " . ' ... -- . • ,,, "• - ,4j'..' - • - " . . . .• S•,.L . .-. >-',, -. K.. .: -- - -•- + "- - - . - f ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ý2 The assistance and consideration of the graduate faculty at the United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas are greatly appreciated. "A special note of thanks to Dr. Gregory Hollis, Colonel Edward F. Vitzthum, Lieutenant Colonel Raymond J. Friedl, and Dr. Alan Israel for serving on the research committee and providing guidance for this study. Finally, and most importantly, the author wishes to "thank his wife, Joenda, who provided the encouragement, incentive, and impetus for him to finish. She has truly been an inspiration to the author. --- -iAi __- 0 R. "TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT A ...................... ...... iv ........................................... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE iii .................................. OF CONTENTS ......... ............... ........................ v CHAPTER CHAPTER I Introduction ...................................................... Problem Statement. .. ..... Background ........ ......... Research Questions - .... Assumptions ... . .............. Definim tions. .. .. . 1 # ....... 2 ................... . ........................ 3 .................. o 5 ..... .. ......... .. 6 . . ............ . . .6 "t"..."........... 9 ........ "Delimitations....... ................. ........ Significance of the Study........................o- 107 11 .......... Organization of the Study..... o-................12 CHAPTER II.................. 14 .......................................... Review of Literature ........ ........ 14 9 *........... Review of PK Characteristics within PK Subjects-.22 . . .. Identification .PK Traini ng . ......................... Replicability....... -"""'• 26 ............................ o .... o ............. o ................................. 27 29 ............ Military Implicationsh................................ 31 Summary .......o .... e 34 PK Trnin• CHAPTER III n Methodology ....... ................ ................................ .. ... ... . . . ............... . . . . . . ..... . .2 1-................ 41 Design............................................. 41 Procedure.......... .41 ........................ Technique ...................................... 42 '"CHAPTER IV.................................................. 43 Psychokinesis and Military Application .............43 Communications....es.. .. ............... ~~Human Life.................* ...... 'A.,w 4 .... *. Disorientation......... ................ .. 47 ........ .49 .......... Nuclear Warfare Alternative. ................... The "Agency"............... (:ountermeasures... ... fAPK . ..... .. .. .... .. ....50 .. ........... . .. .51 .3 ............. PK Command and Control........................... 55 Summary .......... .. . ..................... CHAPTER V........................ ....... o ..... .56 58 ................ Summary and Conclusions...................o...... * ....58 Considerations for Future Research ............... 66 REFERENCES................................................. .. .69 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST................................. -A. p.OF(I14 . .. 79 •'h j.li 111111 ur * * •I-.. •. .. L -. h . ... ..-w r1 .. r--..... . -u.....-- - -.... . . . .- rr. "[ - r" •""......: ... . 2.. CHAPTER I I\4 "INTRODUCTION Warfarp and the strategy influencing or are prompted by molded by new and innovative thoughts M in technology. advances important aspect focused psychokinesis, strategy. (PK) It validate aspect and its if of human development, existing sufficient the possibility an equally This study advance. possible implications evaluated to determine is Human development of technological on a specific warfare are to warfare literature on psychokinesis evidence was on record that psychokinesis to could impact on warfare strategy. If 4 we want to optimize psychokinetic abilities, examine them in A .-. full 4• worth. human potential, including we must then evaluate new ideas and their entire scope Traditional objectively to gain the military thinking may not always offer a solution to suppress or resolve a warfare strategy problem. To meet the dynamics of warfare strategy, new ideas and differen,. approaches may offer solutions. 7 M. Today warfare geographical other is not limited area where forces are aligned against each and exchange traditional Warfare can be very silent turmoil, s-A/ political tension, to dominate a country roar *., . ".'.*- - - - - - - of cannons - - ---- to a specific -, elements of and hidden within the economic military s national power, will. or the firing of rifles .' .... '.- combat power. -. .- and the struggle You cannot hear the on these -. ,'-- . -., , . '," " ". " -" Battlefield conditions are no longer strategy must be more flexible, is Psychokinesis more innovative to overcome themselves. potential solutions an area that may offer The purpose of this thesis is today's battlefield. to the military application of psychokinesis and investigate its Warfare standard. that may present the unique challenges on and deadly. but they can be as threatening battlefields, potential impact on warfare strategy. PROBLEM STATEMENT Today's Forces can move faster, materially sophisticated. better intelligence devastating means of fire yet traditional command and control. to affect psychokinesis impact more All of these advancements, power. This thesis focuses on the potential L have have acquired gathering devices, have placed a premium on one key, however, factor, have become more and more armies traditional warfare strategy on command and control. application by relating its the study Specifically, investigates research that affects electromagnetic, electronics, communications, as humans. If affect those aspects of demonstrate data demonstrates command and control, be a phenomenon worthwhile PK cannot and computer equipment, the available for the military as well that PK could then PK would If to pursue. these areas, an impact in of then it is 2 *. , :.. . L. . .. . .. . . _ _ an area which should the research be avoided. fhis thesis will examine that has been done within the area of psychokinesis and determine its applicability to warfare. BACKGROOND Psychic phenomena requiring were identified as an area serious study as early as the seventeenth century. Francis Bacon advocated ESP and PK, the need for investigation and had done research with the former. "serious inquiry, however, England. the first for Psychical Research The Society parapsychological organization charter and 4and Similar groups, States. in in Durham, kind and phenomena observed organized with the same Continental the United States was in North Carolina. Drs. 1927 at Duke University Joseph B. and Louisa E. 4 their research "initially focused on telepathy and clairvoyance. B. Rhine instituted PK research.5 experiments influence ,'- Europe of parapsychological Rhine began to study psychic phenomena; J. or 3 The next major advancement iesearch of its intent were soon to folluw in the United in for Psychical Research was began to study reports of psychic "experienced. Actual did not begin until 1882 with the establishment of the Society London, of both involved influencing was measured In Rhine's initial dice with PK. 1934, PK This by intentionally causing a number on .- 3 i<. ... - .. . - -, - -. . • -7, / . .... A the dice to appear more often than the calculated Rhine's probability.6 iiLense work were of paramount and more specifically and his co-workers experimental scientific to understanding psychology's of to parapsychology, psychokinesis. He into open laboratories and applied to study the phenomena. 7 scientific credible evidence importance brought psychic phenomena methods application 1965, efforts during his 35 years of methods enabled Rhine's him to produce that ESP and PK phenomenon 8 exist. In the Parapsychology Lab at Duke University was closed but became "w ith Dr. J. the Foundation for Research B. Rhine as its research continued founding 9 Psi inception it of suitable research methods, of research standards, and dissemination director. and from the institute's worked for the "development establishment on the Nature of Man, of scientific training of personnel, information" as part of its charter.IO The methods used today for psychokinetic research have become much more exacting and those used in the early days of Rhine. psychokinesis have continued over time and more experimental accurate Experiments than in to become more sophisticated stringent controls continue te be applied. Some U. S. elected United States needs to One such individual is officials probe and are concerned research these Congressman Charlie Rose that the phenomena. (D-NC). His 4 j - basis year for by concern is the the Soviet Union on Scompared to States. the estimated Specifically, widening between Rose's estimated Defense psychic $6 he are Intelligence further in lead spent concerned by spent per research the United with a psychic gap States and the Soviet Union. substantiated Agency Soviet efforts research, might million phenomena million is the United assertions $30 (DIA) by a study the field to: of which 1972 asserts that: [psychic] 1. Know the contents of top secret U. S. documents, the deployment of our troops arid ships and the location and nature of our military installations 2. and Mold the thoughts civilian 3. official, leaders, Cause at at the instant a distance "4. Disable, equipment of all What psychokinetic strategy? iimiliLary effect military any U. S. military spacecraft. 1 1 QUESTIONS implication(s) does have with respect may S. these to implications (do) warfare have on modern thought? "2. have possible S. a distance at a distance, U. types, including phenomena What key U. death of RESEARCH 1. of militarily? What potential value may psychokinetic phenomena ASSUMPTIONS 1 That psychokinetic 2. That psychokinesis is the scientific phenomena exist. accepted by a majority of community and the public as a phenomenon that exists. 3. That psychical research sponsored government potential agencies gives utilization 4. of psychic questionable have on PK. studied _ubstance and credence The to obtain conclusive possible effect on PK. spatial variable or PK subjecc-to-target provide [° It Therefore, to be a neutral this study assumed the factor. for this study was Additionally, subject, it 6. of time taken to to the PK subject was not a significant factor. positively feedback to the PK was assumed that the length feedback may results pertaining to its defined as the time length to provide subject. it remains to be systematically Temporal consideration 5. to as to the degree of effect spatial effect S. phenomena. The spatial variable, distance is by U. if feedback was not given to the PK would have an impact on the PK influence either or negatively. Size of the object has little or no effect on PK. "6 "Li Mass of an object is 7. considered for PK. a factor that must be The consideration is that the greater the mass the lesser distance an object will move. 8. Increasing the number of PK subjects target was assumed to have no definitive results. subject concentrating 9. on the target. to perform PK. characteristic Potential paint artistically, learn, has the for developing would vary among humans in as capabilities to memorize, dance, on a target than having just one PK A portion cf the human population capability a influence on the Two or more PK subjects concentrating would incur no greater effect to affect this the same respect perform athletic skills, and sing. DEFINITIONS 1. scoring in Declin~e Effect: psi tests The tendency to decrease, for positive within a run, a session, or a longer period of testing. 2. .40 physicist, "Pauli Effect": Wolfgang Pauli. Named for When he walked laboratory, apparatus would fall, The term is now associated People who have acquired equipment tending theoretical break, into a shatter, with malfunction-linked a reputation or burn. people. that links them with to function poorly around them. 7 -- *. . 3a-, . : , - - PK-hitting: 3. which the subject is aiming is t''an would be expected which the subject is by chance. Psychokinesis 7. or surpasses result is significant some criterion of degree of The criterion commonly used in improbability. chance by of objects physical means. A numerical Significance: equals Movement (PK): or otherwise without merely "willing" when it Modern term applied to psychic abbreviated as "psi." generally 6. missed significantly more aiming is Psi-Phenomena: phenomena; significantly more often hit The use of PK so that the target at often than i uld be expected 5. at by chance. PK-missing: 4. that the target use of PK so The P today is parapsychology or less, 50 to 1 against chance) or a deviation ratio such that the critical direction value of .02 a probability of Odds of 20 to 1 (probability .05) is (odds of either in 2.33 or greater. as are regarded strongly suggestive. 8. N Target: subject >the to influence tries process or object which The objective (such as the face or location of a die). control of power and the sources of of boch the application definition of war being: Clausewitzian compel our enemy to do our will." -l traditional The environment. power within a warfare the A term used to describe Warfare Strategy: "9. "an act of force to This definition will be 8 "•' " i .... " '" . r• " " .. ..... '• .. ~~..... . . . - ' . -...... . . . . . . ." . . ".-.'.. . . . . . . -. . ._.. '.". . i. . I. .-... . . . . . . . . • . . . . .... . . = . . • . - .. • : • - .... more comprehensive for this study, whereby an act of force "will be expanded to include any act compelling our enemy to do our will. available Strategy Strategy will deal with all to the nation or to is the comprehensive situations and areas to attain forms the military of power command. direction of power to control broad objectives. LIMITATIONS Nj 1. Due to the unique environmental and control conditions required for psychical experiments, may be subtle rather 2. the results than dynamic or exaggerated. The status of some psychical highly sensitive and not releasable, research may be thus limiting the acquisition and discussion of such information within this n thesis. 3. The constraint to gain "face information, aside from correspondence to face" and literature, experts within the field of parapsychology limitation SAdditionally, in served as a the research and accumulation of the constraint locations conducting precluded observing from info mation. of not being able to t-avel research on psychokinetic current experimentation to phenomena of psychokinetic phenomena. 7":"' 9 DELIMITATIONS "1. Data collection was done as it possible implication(s) warfare strategy, pertained that psychokinesis focusing on the aspect to the may have to of command and control. 2. The thesis relied and studies A.2 primarily on those experiments dealing with modest scales of physical disturbance, or low-level PK. These studies have most systematic and persuasive in 3. The procedures "psychokinetic ability not discussed in identification detail. Difficulty is in similar for PK research is researcher is it in establishing were for a set of agreeable to the difficulty vary Selection procedures from one laboratory primarily testing, to another. to the aspect and the traits desired believes to be for for personnel attributed the researcher to most experienced agreeing upon one standard test intelligence. difference having A standard set of procedures for identifying PK individuals, by psychologists personnel personnel remain to be agreed upon by parapsychologists, measuring to identify PK.12 or the potential to develop parapsychologists. standards examining been the The of PK the of the tested required for the experiment. 4. The study that may be offered focused on the potential by the PK phenomenon in implication warfare 10 force structure was not part of military determine military To into a specific force structure would extend this study into researcher's but would not be consistent with this intent. The placement determination a review of existing organizations, require which organization(s) organization. 5. Such research demands its The influence of PK in with singular targets. concerned affected and estimating own study. this study was only Multiple targets being by a single PK source was not addressed. studies have not conclusively a group of identical in single PK source. this conclusion, However, happen. determining PK, best accommodates would that inclusion of PK would have on the selected the impact U. the research. the placement of psychokinesis related areas, target into the Formalization of the PK phenomenon strategy. shown that more than one targets is Although there is does not mean it it PK influenced by a no compelling basis for does not or cannot for this study only single targets were used for discussing PK influence. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significancg" of this study is • military understandin /and awareness to broaden the of the existence of a technique fhr use during peace or war. strategic "Additionally, it a < is to awaken current military thought on SI L , "11 °- -,q.. - - ,- - . . . . . . -. t.- . . - , of the implication(s) I• stratagem may offer. it stratagem may change This psychi2 our current military security posture and the or influence scenario battlefield psychokinesis and the potential as we now know it. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY 4,-. The structure of the thesis is II • r.' being current a survey of research a perspective in identifying and discussing 1 terature, the of psychokinesis field on how research has been done, and the relation of these results methodology III. I in used for this The applications relation Chapter IV. with Chapter organized thesis is and offering the results, to warfare strategy. described of psychokinesis in Chapter to warfare strategy to command and control aspects are discussed The conlkusions study are presented in and recommendations Chapter The in of the V. V.k' 1' A.3• 124 , p• .U CHAPTER I END NOTES 1. A Survey of Inc., 1981), Diana Robinson, To Stretch a Plank -Psychokinesis (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, p. 5 . 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. Louisa E. Rhine, PSI, and Row, Inc., 1975), 5. Ibid., p.53. 6. Ibid., p.5 7. K. Ramakrishna Rao, "The Institute 1-2. PSI News 2 (April 1979): 8. Ibid. 9. lbid. 10. Ibid. 11. Ronald M. McRae, Mind Wars: The True Story of Government Research into the Military Potential. of Psychic Weapons (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984). 12. Robert A. Jahn, "The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering Perspective," Proceedings of the IEEE 70 (February 1982): 141. 4 What Is p. 3 1 . It? (New for Parapsychology," I~ 4!k - - '-.. -' *.° v --. ° . .- Harper . -13 - York: °--- - -k., . CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE A survey done by the Gallup Poll (1978) 51 percent of the general had a college education) American believed random sample of faculties by Wagner and Monnet who responded I.: believed 1979, The belief 1969, in psi. showed 61 it (AAAS). 2 approved psi, including PK, of the 1,164 science. along with ESP, fact was furthered in as Association was accepted for the Advancement This was a milestone to scientists in parapsiychology worldwide used by parapsychologists that the had been all 3 This apparent momentum or upswing I conducted by some of the nation's top researchers in fields of J. percent a 1 communicated methods of research percent Additionally, colleges, of the American Association of Science .. Ibecause in American when the Parapsychological an affiliate population (64 psi to be either an established or a likely possibility. .j. .K. in in showed that has an almost equal in belief in PK, following that disbelieves or is skeptical about PK. Traditionally, the skeptics have insisted on a "conclusive experiment," one tor which all conventional ruled out (e.g., or "normal" Hansel, have been Such an experiment more existent in However, seems to have changed what the 1980). 4 explanations 1980's than it was in is no the 1930's. through the years is the 14 *" -• . --. - -.- -- - -- ,- - .---- .- - .. -- . '& -. -, -.-- -% %. . F v v 2 ~ r rr w '~ 1-~ perception critics, -- l~- by most parapsychologists, of the appropriateness 5 "conclusiveness." conviction and necessary that result solely from single but rather from the convergence if of taken by may provide results that are alone, ,inconclusive. their that has evolved is from well-designed experiments which, themselves nature The thought experiments, as well as many of the criterion of does not necessarily "conclusive" evidence .-. Parapsychologists are now "defining the plausibility of the normal interpretations to explain away the anomalous results" within than proving the experiments rather proof-oriented" existence of PK or of anything else. 7 It is with this "approach that parapsycholgists have, over designed and reported their research with the objective not of convincing of the reality of PK, attempting and, in critics to define more the past years, but of precisely the nature of PK effects to identify conditions conducive particular, to their reliable manifestation. 8 This approach has had little since they continue their results; that is to argue however, a growing against these experiments and there is deemphasis success with the critics a nota.ile exception on fraud allegation. skeptics have shown that normal explanations conceivable, but they have not succeeded such explanations are satisfactory, plausibility or empirical evidence. in and The are showing that either in terms of As mentioned, there 15 - . . . .* , -,. has been a deemphasis on fraud allegations; not to be interpreted prevalent is critique is the 1930's and tables used challenges selective statistics, occurrence. The that there may be lack of analyses PK experimentation relies heavily on and the probability of Stringent controls have been applied to the statistical models used, but, remains as to the validity of position is as stated earlier, the results. that probability applies skepticism The skeptic's to no concrete 12 The application IA- the use of 1983).11 distributions, of a probability calculation situation has a paradox contained exemplified number is years is for the effects of multiple statistical Today, is or of the on the same data base. this on the basis on the same data (Hyman, concrete contrast to 0 publication of positive results and correction happening. procedures by Soal.1 analyses in This questioned the criticism within recent multiple statistical _ This is of Rhine's card shuffling Anothe critic recent. 1940's when few critics number" "random that has become the bias of the random event generator. nonrandomness adequacy this is that such criticisms have disappeared. Another criticism of PK experiments ' however, by a situation where read of a passing experienced. The chance vehicle, to a within it. This every time a license a miracle has that the license seen was been that 16 oal particular it. number would have been millions to one against The skeptic draws a comparison that how difirerent the example -chance above from that presented score in a PK experiment, be supposed that is by a better-than a score for which it may the calculation of the chances gave the same expectation value as the vehicle license number. 13 The skeptic concludes license is that the occurrence number does not startle of the the parapsychologist, attributed to chance despite the odds against the PK occurrence does startle it, and it whereas the parapsychologist, and believes that it could not have been chance. The skeptic's point is that a particular license number could not have been expected to appear, but it is not surprising when it does. Some number had to occur and it is accepted at that with no more thought of it unless prodded. This prodding is to explain exactly what is admitting that there which to verify is meant by "this event was chance," no property inherent in that it actually was forcing the parapsychologist -II elsewhere. 14 explanation involvement, chance and therefore to seek for the meaning The skeptic adheres is the event by to the thought that if an sought for or any type of rational it would prove illogical the result was chan'ýe. Therefore, the reason the parapsychologist meaning beyond "was the conclusion chance" is that the skeptic contends does not search that in that for the order to maintain 17 " " V " " - ' ' " ' ' ' n " ' • ' •- • " "' = . ' A consistency of his position he is forbidden to attempt to go further.15 A* The defense methods in of the parapsychologist experiments has been presented Director of Psychophysical statistical methods penetrating critical by behavioral experimental S,16 is simply stated, defense, by C. that the experimental used have survived sustained science methodologists. evidence that has been accumulated the establishing that scientific research is of guessing, and to do so without methods takes speculation. more than coincidence, Louisa A. Her rationale bias. of facts The use of and methods are a recognized within the scientific are calculated below chance. over the guesswork out of measurements Statistical and accepted methodology above or and Additionally, is •Probabilities and Honorton uses methods used. removes The examination and are generally accepted Rhine supports the ::tatistical statistical Honorton, Research Laboratories. past 50 years for his assertions. instead 0 for statistical to determine community. if Scores above chance especially scores are infer something when on a consistent basis. 17 reasons For [ identified earlier, the discussion research methods has focused on those for low-level However, as more sophisticated laboratory, detect enabling physical technology comes parapsychologists effects, the more will oF PK. into the to better record parapsychologists and be 18 - .. •' studying individuals claiming effects. large With the success of statistical continuing to take advantage nature of PK, statistically found in improved understanding Various areas of ,,18 PK and surfaced that showed an absence some PK variables. observable "unsubstantiated The results is psychic of sufficient an phenomena overall. review information or understanding pertaining were spatial, These variables the imperceptible during the literature the need for further PK of spontaneous PK and but relatively the laboratory'. scale studies and of the directly claims significant, emphasized PK the gap should narrow between and sometimes exaggerated effects to produce to temporal, "size, and mass. The spatial variable, distance was questionable or PK subject-to-target as to its effect on PK. The studies examined did not reveal any evidence that there was a decline of PK effect with distance (Dale 1947; 1947).19 Nash, 1946; variable for this study was considered allowing this study application. • •.i to discount it application to be is effect-ive uncovered in at any neutral, new research the military application affected. would be a planning thereby in military of PK for military distance. to affect PK, It The spatial as a factor This permits the analysis new evidence " .2" Nash and Richards, and Woodruff, However, showing distance will also be consideration as to 19 ,. 4 <'. - i i ••" whether PK could 3 rather Sof feet 'i ' The Sthis than temporal study Svariable. 7 be used, for example, 300 miles only within was considered to the apparent The two conceptualizations radius or 3,000 miles. consideration due a divergence on in neutral thought this for on variable the = that " ii.•i.• were H. reviewed Walker were those (1975).20 • random systems •!- brain events occur and of H. Walker when Schmidt suggests there the external is (1974, that 1975) PK effect• a "coupling" events, and via the E. on between the sensory '? I ."? system, and SIt •." .• • S.•. share is common sensory hidden variables. feedback through which consciousness Therefore, is it influence on •hrough some on feedback externax the external that object. world PK exerts The .i. PK is time independent. Sirrespective of when • that I and the fundamental that individuals •-i• by -%" past events -.v ,-'.. willing moment of PK presents can affect they were physical so. well as feedback, that are events. mav that •'" position = that events accepts probabilistic -- the probabilities PK can influence PK occurs be. a of PK. Schmidt change proposes present whenever the random processes Schmidt results generated. can sometimes to do as Schmidt _ becomes Therefore, the sooner feedback is provided to the Pg the greater wi be the enhancement of the PK Unlike Walker, • its feedback physical vehicle -2•.. effects. for the as the causal -. responsible acts serves o.' Ssubject, factor that The at the lack of 20 _<i - - - !. .. .......... i clarification within the PK field determined variable be considered neutral. The studies pertaining to the effect of size on PK did not show any significant or consistent results 1943; (Hilton, Baer, and Rhine Humphrey and Rhine, However, that this 1945; a study by Forwald effect of size on 1943; Hilton and Rhine, Rhine and Humphrey, (1961) produced 1944).21 some results on interactive effect between the surface the object was on and 22 the size of the object. Even in light of Forwald's study, there was not sufficient information to accept size as a variable having any effect on PK. "The exact relationship of PK energy and mass has not been confirmed, is but the studies showed evidence that a definitive relation PK energy (Forwald, 1957; would introduce possible limitations be used on. Therefore, and size variables, The question This "addition by Helmut Schmidt showed I that "two discounting in PK could of whether s bjects would increase studied. the effect Mass targets PK spatial, temporal, to effectively be used or not. increasing flie number of PK on a target or not was effect" for PK was recently studied three experimerLal tests. The results subjects making consecutive the same target will not increase - This factor as to what mass must be considered use PK and to decide whether ,. Cox 1971).23 of mass and bears upon the military application of PK. definitely . -could 1952, between the interaction there PK efforts on the magnitude of the 21 t - . . -- ..- . -. . - .. .. '.-.V , IL ,24 %" effect. "first Rather, Schmidt's experiments showed that the person to observe the data locks the result in, prohibiting a second person from having a PK influence." This indirect result from the experiments possible PK countermeasure. PK countermeasures important military application implies that: surfaces in 2 5 a have term.i of defense. possible measures could be employed This to prohibit the effective use of PK by the enemy or to deny our use of PK. REV1.PW OF PK CHARACTERISTICS The survey of literature was highlighted with some of the more well-known Kulagina, Vinogradova, common denominators ability, Parise, Swann, and heart rates. Ullman, et.al., of the 1976), (Besterman, and Pratt, i.e., Apparent besides PK symptoms when physiological were the increase 1932), 1976), Nina Kulagina Felicia suffered 1967).26 the human body. the loss of weight, (Keil, Parise (Keil, 120 to 300 beats per minute. change affects in These symptoms were exhibited and Ted Serios (Eisenbud, increase was Kulagina throughout PK. by Rudi Schueider herbert, et.al. and physiological Two such characteristics respiration PK subjects, among these PK subjects, were behavioral performing WITHIN PK SUBJECTS The range Such a As an example, lack of coordination, "22 * ; * dizziness, and vomiting, "sleeplessness.2' Parise experienced for awhile afterwards, eyes and nose ran. accompanied by bodily pain and difficulty in speaking perspired freely and trembled, her 28 These symptoms resulting from performing PK must be considered carefully as to the effectiveness military application. If friendly environment, the subject is become too weak to react .-ion is executed. S. adve:saries in "" aware ý .it However, a hostile or enemy environment the symptoms rould endanger ir would not the subject performing PK missions the subject. to any critical The subject may situation after the the surrounding area. The enemy may be of PK techniques and the symptoms PK causes to would appear in if a The subject may draw suspicion from identification subjects located in then the resulting symptoms "need to be as carefully considered. was in of PK in of the subject as a PK agent. that there are some adversities warfare It to using PK or espionage role within an enemy environment. A characteristic that has been exhibited by PK "subjects showing potential for military application is PK effect on compass needles. -• affect and control Kulagina, Parise.29' implication is within ships, 0~2 PK subjects have been able to the movements 30 the of a compass needle, e.g., The military application using PK to disrupt navigational equipment aircraft, land vehicles, and compasses carried enemy's orientation capabilities, immobilizing upon the enemy effect literature. by Dr. in The Mind Sergeyev discussed Race. heart that was in a physiological Normally, to forty was capable electrostimulation minutes, if it should stop it Kulagina's Watkins, resulted in successful attempts Earlier, suppress However, '-j implies the vital there is the PK experiments of dead frogs. to expe The experiment to psychically upon life , the ability To control forms have life functions by a diminished need for weapons. only dealt with mice and hearts The actual eifect on humans is inment with such a possibility is not known and dangerous and 24 Cl.. __ , resuscitate functions of mice. These examples of PK effect "willing" it exertion of it. Kulagina displayed obvious military implications. could be experiment was reported by and Wells (1973).31 mice. a frog's seconds and could not reactivate Another PK physiological Watkins, of stopping the heart activity would continue by electrostimulation. to successfully conducted solution with electrodes PK stopped the heart within forty anesthetized the using Kulagina as the PK subject displayed attached to it. 'L6, in the Sergeyev These experiments Kulagina reactivated permitting us to focus forms was evident unusual results. for thirty the an thus creating of PK upon life Targ and Harary experiments confounding on the enemy to subdue him. our military forces The effect is implication The strategic by soldiers. " -.-- . . -- . - - - . . . . . . . - . x - - - ; : •• |_ j p : a_ • | .! .• , • ,,.q • P,r - w,. r-rr w r. r.', -•- , •-,,. ... . . ... . ... . . . . I prohibitive by current moral human metabolism may react differently of smaller creatures. one-on-one standards of society. II concurrently. hierarchies However, there single targets, of goveraments, effectiveness Again, affected PSI - Scientific by PK. within inanimate objects. An account of Psi Research Vilenskaya's arm. in the Tart identifies out. Ingo specifically by Larissa Vilenskaya, Journal on and Psychobiophysics, burn on The possibility of PK affecting could have military application burning it them functioning being able to produce a real PK energy towards electronic and high-level assassinate temperature, - An East-West Psychotronics, Kulagina temperature could be Studies of the Psychic Realm as a affect "k:i~described humans in dependent upon PK subject to successfully Parapsychology, before weapons their continued this is must be of PK on the human body. "Temperature is editor than one target The PK effect i.e., the a strategic is to surgically or to disable them preventing the government. to more of the PK effect fpr such a PK effect. directed towards must be known if than existing weaponry would become outmoded. application it the PK effect The effectiveness equal to or greater in been done as a type condition. FK subject can direct Swanm than the metabolisms The experiments have Before weapons are abandoned * '. " The circuitry, by directing thus overheating This type of application could be the it used 25 S:-,5 2 d-___ on communications electronic towards equipment, control panels. humans causing discomfort, possible computers, Also, disability, to our forces. whether to perform their An unknown at a time, military applications. r would create blister duties or to the energy to a mass of If only one target this would limit the possible The use of certain chemical agents) thus factor for such use is to only one person at a time. can be affected of PK energy within enemy forces, the PK subject can direct humans or K,(e.g., the directing burn sensations disrupting their concentration react and various may be more effective mass enemy force rather than using PK if agents to subdue a only a portion of that force can be affected. IDENTIFICATION The research process way to identify those characterized individuals with a highly PK talent. Laboratories (PRL) registration procedures in PRL experimental 55-item Participant reflects did not reveal any pronounced The Psychophysical have developed Information attitudes toward and experience personnel participant to participate These personnel information concerning recruitment, standardized to select research. Research Form (PIF). with potentially personal relevant a The PIF demographics, psi, complete basis of psi experiences, personal practices 26 ° U - AA.%iAI S- r: such as stress management meditation, sleep biofeedback, patterns, The efforts of (relaxation) also included and dream recall (1983 PRL to standardize uniformity within the subject techniques, are medical history, PRL Annual Report). or at least to establish populations being studied important to assess subsequent procedural success or failure, additionally in emphasized replication, another laboratory. since is This is a review of the literature not identify any key or substantive did profile for someone with a PK capability. !.7 i PK TRAINING A commonality consistently ,'V true in the research literature decline effects have resembling was that in been observed, learning curves. has been the exception significant found to be apparently rather evident in perhaps allow optimal feedback appropriate and not functions A steady rate of PK performance than the rule. inclines of performance the literature, regarding success 34 (e.g., which the This from the research but also from PK subject substantial PK capability of are not even with electronic REG's, characteristic has not only been apparent those exhibiting Reports with experience light immediately comes on). methods used today, many PK studies studies of (Kulagina, Vinogradova). 27 A characteristic training is associated of PK subjects that of increased tension. with the increased and Barksdale, 1972).35 that touches upon PK-hitting was tension condition Relaxation, in (Honorton contrast, was associated with either chance scoring or PR-missing. However, the literature relatively effortless did indicate that PK occurred 36 conditions (Braud, 1978).3- No consistent relationship psi success and basic skills, lifestyle, has yet emerged cognitive style, although the psychic development suggests that skills visualization in relaxation, are helpful (Morris, under between and general literature concentration, and 1980).37 The work to date on PK has involved essentially immediate feedback as to success. from continuous PK exercise, been rare. even if However, nonsignificant, The rule has been declination through continuous exertion in one sitting. but optimistic view put forth by Puthoff "anyone who decides for himself that it experience paranormal who would achieve • the inteiiect...It in have PK ability A different, and Targ is is that safe to functioning can learn to do so. the power of is incline effects faith must reject Those things of essential to avoid trying to figure it out by analysis." -xir 2)8 ___ .! -, . , U W II V-I M REPLICABILITY Replicability has been a principal concern for argument between skeptics and parapsychologists. The skeptic argues that unless a PK experiment replicated by another scientist results as the original * experiment, for the existence of PK. skeptic and receive the very same there can be no proof This was the prime argument throughout the literature been designed or performed of the that no PK experiment has affording replication; therefore, since consistent results cannot be obtained there supportive proof can be is no for PK. "The replication of PK experiments remains as a stumbling block to the parapsychologist, but there are some considerations before total disbandment of the PK effort is PK is as memory, which should be evaluated a capacity in that it from individual like any other human capacity, varies in circumstances PK subject studies, i.e., to another. Kulagina, Jahn's and Dunne'q PK experiments The problem to be placed in in a vacuum. problems also. oi replication is perspective. Other areas the one individual This was evidenced Vinogradova, Swann, from in and at Princeton. not to be minimized but Psi research of science Examples of such strength and characteristics to individual and in one set of in effected. is not conducted have replication this were illustrated by the 29 % development CO2 of the "Transversely Laser" (TEA device was Laser). Excited Atnmosphic Pressure The replicability studied by sociologist, problem with this Harry Collins. conclusions were that where scientists laser on written information, tried to build or information "parties who were not replicating scientists, scientists even prolonged who had necessarily abandoned personal built a working sufficient. they failed. contact with laser, was not Collins noted that some scientists their efforts to build a TEA laser "their good access to sources of help. in spite of 4 0 Another point of concern over replicability, from parapsychology, factors variability publication showed has been the outgrowth ranging from professional the intrinsic that 94-97 in American percent 1 percent of earlier of knowledge Another powerful a wide effects of variety A placebo provides "Placebo replication tests, replications inert, As in is the on the treatment and psychological symbolic. difficulties demonstrates belief and disbelief of physical strictly significance research being pharmaceutically is psychology 42 area experiencing research. placebo journals claims in represented to A survey of psychological of the :;tudies findings. of a variety of behaior.41 behavior. were made on the basis o[ statistical less than aside publication practices of human practices the from third S....39 Additionally, His the of d:isorders. treatment psi effects, it placebo "30 S,1"' "A. I.o efficacy A. is physicians highly variable. and hospitals, just as in An example of the variance - 83 studies in placebo healing reviewing not sufficiently the replication problem and its parapsychology, Behaviorial Statistical results in these disciplines. Military McRae. Bearden utilization. military Vietnam War. to evaluate most for psychokinesis, and psi by Thomas E. Bearden and Ronald M. their design, the U. with PK, S. and other utilization and government and psi related of the military with PK existed Actual e IMPLICATIONS McRae discussed "The involvement repeatability rather than absol discussed PK weapons, involvement is 46 implications presented it including methods must be used MILITARY were sciences, are probabilistic sciences. being the PK hypothesis, convincing that such absolute should be expected. r rates from the tieatment of ulcers has ranged from 8 cited as the reason for rejecting overall, 44 and laboratories. 45 percent. In of exists across psi research, exists across experimenters variability recent The variability was recorded areas. during the when the "Marine Corps deployed a platoon of dowsers with I Corps near Hue.4 The mission of this platoon was to locate tunnels and weapons caches. The utilization hidden was short 31 Sii""*j"* ,, ,, . -. .", ............................................................. ,: .* -* . . .. *•*** ... . ,. -•- _• ' ' -•"" • 2'.-, t lived, were after six months this method derived from the inability personnel in such a task, personnel were was abandoned. to satisfactorily train and an insufficient provided possessing Problems number of this ability. The Army Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence I :, also designated -' •military Head of the Psychic Task Force. has made reference of metaphysics, references is •48 to psychotronics, and PK within its official The ESP, physics documents. These are of a serious nature and not of ridicule. Such a document was the 1981 Fire Support Mission Area Analysis i•2 (FSMAA). technologies, performance The document referred to psychotronic weapons of field artillery "cryptomental" might affect stamina and men, and more interestingly "stated that the union between mind and matter -- a form of energy about which little is apparently known in the U. S., but which appears to have 4gnificant military application and implication. Headquarters, k; established an official Training, and Doctrine organization, Command, in Task Force Delta. 1979 50 "The mission of Task Force Delta was to develop various study thrusts focusing on the problem, understanding that we must work through people, how can our Army establish and maintain control of changing, inte• ependent systems to maximize force readiness? From this study was developed Battalion" concept, the "First one of many concepts Earth stemming from the 32 ,• -,. ,' -A A project. The First B. Channon, approach U. S. through technologies Earth Battalion was created by LTC James Army. Channon developed a futuristic a basic Army perspective for the soldier. Channon's for natural. thoughts were that, We relied on smart bombs instead of smart soldiers and that's why we lost Vietnam... Firepower doesn't win wars, stronger than firepower is the force of will, stronger still is sgýrit. and love is the strongest force of all. Channon's First monks. Earth Battalion is comprised of warrior These warrior monks are proficient ,•.'. force, at every level of ,53 including "psiwork" which focuses on psychic force. These fighting monks restrain or win over the enemy, not kill enemy him. through psychic approach is force. by overwhelming The significance of Channon's with the notion that "we've way before." He uses an entity, soldiers can comprehend never done it the battalion, significant to this study is within a futuristic implementation it really is that which all to convey his idea with understanding and a sense of believability. force the that he looks to the future without being encumbered ,, accomplished This is but do More Channon's inclusion of concept psychic for possible by the military with a sense of realism that possible. 3.3 S UMM AR<Y The relationship implications of psychokinesis to warfare strategy of literature. and its were evident in The positive utilization military application literature. value seemed to be prevalent There are considerations emphasized to maintain a tru, variables (i.e., spatial, their relationship for PK in its the of PK and its These considerations temporal, remain to oe studied more in the survey that must be perspective possible milit-ry application. possible size, and mass) fully to gain information are the that as to with PK. The increased stress and tension that a PK subject experiences in exerting PK energy battlefield where the stress level are not advantageous is already on a high or in a hostile environment where the increased stress may hinder the PK subject's critical abLlity to think clearly, situation, to the increased or weaken the PK subject. stress, is not constant. influen..e in minutes or hours to In the time for PK subjects PK effect Swann). to react The PK subject (i.e., This lack of constancy the factor of endangerment to a addition to exert a could exert Kulagina, or reliability PK Parise, can only add on the batclefield. A commander must have resources at hand that are usable at the moment needs ie them to influence the battle. 34 i.' .,' S. . . IT The capability of a PK subject to influence mass targets or only single targets must be determined. subject unable to influence mass limitation on the effectiveness Usual circumstances ~, in of PK on the battlefield. a battlefield environment have a confronting large numbers necessary for survival that the military commander The influence Some advantage influenced rT'•e advantage may be gained if by PK is effective method has through data it offers little commander. The PK offers an the desired PK effect. trials Though is quite unlike cannot run numerous trials The parapsychologist variations of PK+ The military commander time to conduct statistical and the battlefield. and PK trials on the battlefield to achieve conducts base to (, thn and rmust have a weapon sure-fire and not one of hit or miss. effectiveness this comfort to the military to establish a large data the subtle of PK for PK through probabilities laboratory The military commander 1983). 54 value and if analyses. statistical interpret to the commander. proof for the existence statistical proof thousands of in to control or destroy that single target. provides scientific that is is the single target being of strategic i-esearch providing primarily Dunne, It of PK only on single targets such a situation offers little is of the enemy. capable of disabling or destroying mass numbers of the enemy. 4. targets imposes a commander weapons A PK There is no to measure PK as in the laboratory. 35 - ~ -< The PK subject must have absolute -v .iI Ar', . influence. display It would not do at all the "Pauli effect" (Gamow, for a PK subject to 1959) in the midst of a 55 to disrupt the enemy's command and control, PK subject his own. expecits the The military commander friendly environment. Without control, the commander friendly command's own area. The recent in the of initiation exploring by William Braud and Marilyn Schlitz, experiments not risks the danger of objects and personnel the PK subject influencing X.},• control over PK the control of PK are significant to eliminate the risk of a ,'•; 56 ." survey of The as disadvantages application pertaining of PK. revealed as many advantages literature It to the possible military to view the may be more appropriate variables of PK as to their degree of relative importance ensuring the success of the military commander those objectives as stipulated this way, When approached it degree of relative importance reversed. It influence may be more by the warfare causing in to acquiring strategy. must be remembered that the of the PK variables may be important to not utilize to avoid any known or unknown repercussions control - endangering his own friendly forces. PK subject detriment PK adverse to the unit's command and and the overall mission. Si-t "36 -Mý- CHAPTER II ENDNOTES 1. Gertrude R. Schmeidler, "Belief and Disbelief in PSI," Parapsychology Review 16 (January - February 1985): 2-3. 2. Diana Robinson, Psychokinesis 3. Ibid. 4. John Palmer, YN" a Plank -- Nelson-Hall, "Psi Research Parapsychology J- To Stretch (Chicago: Review in A Survey Inc., of 1981), the 1980's," 16 (March - April 1985): 1-4. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. "7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid. 11. Ibid. 12. P. W. Bridgman, "Probability, 123 (January 1956): 15-16. 13. Ibid. 14. Ibid. 15. Ibid. 16. Robert G. Jahn, The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981). 17. Louisa E. Rhine, PSI, and Row, Inc., 1975), What Is p. 31. p. Logic, It? and ESP," (New York: Science Harper 37 - - -' . Emily William Cook, "Research Newsletter 7 (July 1981). 19. A Review Rex G. Stanford, "Experimental Psychokinesis: from Diverse Perspectives," in Handbook of Van Parapsychology, ed. Benjamin B. Wolman (New York: Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977) pp. 360-361. 20. Psychophysical Research Laboratories PRL, Report (Princeton, New Jersey: 140-144. 21. Stanford, 22. Ibid. 23. Ibid., 24. Marilyn J. Schlitz and Gary L. Heseltine, "The Parapsychological Association Convention, Parapsychology Review 16 (March - April 1985): pp. "Experimental __ "I (PRL), 1983), 1983 Annual pp. p. 362. Psychokinesis," 363-364. 1984 12-15. "25. Ibid. 26. William Braud, "ESP, PK and Sympathetic Nervous System Activity," Parapsychology Review 16 (March - April 8-11. 1985): 27. Naomi A. Hintze and J. Gaither Pratt, What Can You Believe? Psychic Realm: Random House, Inc., 1975), p. 136. 28. Robinson, a Plank To Stretch Psychokinesis, " ASPR on Psychokinesis," 18. p. -- Ph.D., The (New York: A Survey of 92. The Psychic Realm: What Can You 29. Hintze and Pratt, Believe?, p. 139. "30. Robinson, To Stretch A Plank Psychokinesis, p. 88. 31. PK and Sympathetic Braud, "ESP, Activity," p. 10. 32. Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL), PRL, 1983). Report (Princeton, N. J.: 33. Stanford, 34. Ibid. "Experimental -- A Survey of Nervous System Psychokinesis," pp. 1983 Annual 359-360. .,............. 38 •,V,.• 3 8 _ 35. Braud, "ESP, PK and Sympathetic Activity," pp. 9-10. 36. Ibid., 37. Robert L. Morris, "Applied Psi in the Context of HumanEquipment Interaction Systems," Proceedings: Symposium on Applications of Anomalous Phenomena (Leesburg, Virginia: n.p., 1983) p. 1.39. 38. Stanford, 39. Psychophysical Research Report, p. 127. 40. Ibid., p. 128. 41. Ibid., p. 128. 42. Ibid., p. 128. 43. Ibid., p. 130. "44. Ibid., p. 130. 45. Ibid., p. 130. Sr, 46. Stanley Krippner, editor, Advances on Parapsychological Research - Psychokinesis (Vol 1) (New York: Plenum Press, 1977). 47. Ronald M. McRae, Mind Wars: The True Story of Government Research into the Military Potential Psychic Weapons (New York: St. Martin's Press, p. Nervous System 10. "Experimental Psychokinesis," Laboratories pp. (PRL), 359-360. 1983 Annual of 1984). 48. Ibid. 49. Ibid. 50. James B. Channon, LTC, USA, "The First Earth Battalion," Concept paper for project, "Task Force Delta" (HQ, TRADOC, Fort Monroe, Virginia: n.p., 1979). 51. Ibid. 52. McRae, 53. Ibid. Mind Wars. 1t U 39 4.-, 54. Robert G. Jahn and Brenda J. Dunne, "On the Quantum Mechanics of Consciousness, with Application to Anomalous Phenomena," Research Pap!r for Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, December 1983. 55. Morris, 56. Marilyn Schlitz, "Esalen Meetings on Psi Research," Parapsychology Review 15 (November - December 1984): 10-12. "Applied Psi," p. 136. :1I k Ai 40 -,. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY DESIGN The data was obtained through an unobtrusive, descriptive methodological research design. The content analysis wethod was used as the technique for making ,wJ, references and recording information objectively ' !studies identifying reviewed. The specified characteristics of the study. by the objectives and These stipulations eliminated analysis of only studies and reference materials the investigator's of the to the consistently applied of selection determined delimitations and inclusion or exclusion of research conclusions were done according criteria by systematically supporting hypotheses. PROCEDURE The researcher reviewing several 11 made a comprehensive many experimental texts. Definitions studies, dozens of articles, history, effects determine if the collective supported the explicit or implicit utility and mental), literature characteristics, reported and of PK as a tool of warfare. The major focus of the literary to determine the substance of evidence and theoretical orientation, (physical study of PK by study will be providing for PK's 41 A* in utilization strategy and more specifically warfare Several key experimental impact on command and control. relevant independent some detail, in studies were recorded its where PK was a variable causing some significant results. reaction which expressed functional TECHNIQUE The material was interpreted and conclusions were drawn upon first by the researcher second, parameters of the literature; record of what was reviewed later studied Finally, the related the researcher and collected. made a The researcher this data to discover the use and meaning of for the U. information reviewing the collective S. Army and its potentialities, findings, applications were evaluated strategists. and and reported. y.<. - 2 I, ,\.. - - M nu.rLn.~- -. b',.JA .F-- -- - .X ~IM S. A r * "CHAPTER IV PSYCHOKINESIS This chapter •I" associated AND MILITARY APPLICATION will address military considerations with command and control upon which psychokinesis of PK within them. the introduction and employment environment The to these areas of military of psychokinesis interest will either potential for to possess a realistic selected are considered implication The areas or impact. could have a possible influence be one of enhancement or provide the for psychokinesis LV"' to be a weapo- unto itself. COMMUNICATIONS Communications is effectiveness measure whether the keystone of command control it be during peace or war. of communications effectiveness functions more efficiently enemy's. Communications is control is implemented. information is communications control. than the by which command and and presented in support, To interfere systems a form and provide or disrupt this system can adversely affect This truism applies whether it our communications analyzed, coordinate to our forces. quickly the means Through collected, to communicate orders, direction and more is The command and to us and to our enemies. The 43 LA. •-, .• - ,. ..j -:." "- -'.-. ,.,- :,•'4-. .*. > j,"j'£•• :> '< .'.. ,..- . ' .'" '-' .. r . ., - ,.* ' : - . ' x j . " , ' . ., "disruption of communications systems is United States and our opponents warfar' equipment. capability (usually This equipment own electronic opposing forces, ,n%. by utilizing identification is electronic but is also visible, signal that can be targeted produces noise generators), both by the not only possesses the to disrupt communications, provides its achieved from its by power source produces a thermal image. and possible by air reconnaissance. "Electronic warfare equipment can be beneficial but possesses "disadvantages as identified above. "The introduction of psychokinesis as a possible disrupter of communications opens the door to a new aipproach to electronic warfare. place of the equipment of PK. There is is no equipment a human possessing Thcre are no identification warfare equipment other equipment. offers no noise from an energy compared be confused by placing unlike can be distinguished source, visibility to equipment, frow can be thermal image can the human with other humans or near "something with an overriding emission cannot the capability Utilizing a human with PK capability better controlled -4 that in markings distinguishing the human from other humans as a PK emitter, electronic involved; be targeted thermal output, (or at least as it and the PK is known at this time). How can PK affect ,. Chapter I, U.J .11, communication:.? Ingo Swann and Nina Kulagina Referri-,g back to demonstrated how 44 <p they could influcence of PK concentrated that force the circuitry could a malfunction temperature. If an individual capable towards electrical become sufficiently resulting in circuitry, overheated a communications to cause breakdown. This type of operation may be best suited for a peacetime environment. very effective in k,-,5Icoordinate "9 The implementation preventing the enemy from communicating actions that are of an aggressive ~United States or to disrupt those electrical are integral States. highly • V to equipment emplaced in computer The advantage is is computer malfunctions necessary, A* This agent is operator, In no physical when required Another with during the tampering with the computer is the suspicions of PK is that may be found the enemy. area within communications potential, for employing the a breakdown. the computer and no gadgets need be emplaced thus arousing does just be able this way, the computer experienced no danger of being around malfunction, to PK phenomena. that the individual to focus his thoi.ihts on the computer. the enemy believing as a force working around the enemy's have to be a computer agent can effect that may be one where an individual with PK the labor not necessarily There themselves the capacity as an agent. systems. nature to the circuits visible and highly sensitive target The scenario to directed against the United Computer systems would present "ability serves in A... of PK could be air traffic that may have control. PK could "45 <•<':X g/ "'" ""--, '" " " " :;." . -. ... ". . ... in be used to overheat the circuitry more console and, equipment may not have a significant is control the air traffic in The malfunction console. radar approach the ground in especially, the communications the weather impact if good and the pilot can use Visual Flight Rules could the weather if However, landing cause aircraft from the tower, instructions the tower operators distrust influence of PK inclement,the is (VFR). accidents, confusion in and cause the pilots to a sufficient if flight number of are caused. malfunctions The space program offers another area within that may be affected communications-electronics is in as described on the same principles by PK. the preceding comments that the space program could be harassed. agent precipitating malfunctions within consoles could result communications course, space launches in and generate credibility going awry, within the minds of the distrust of the space programs is that there is providing a clue malfunction the after-the-fact in affected. to employing The key advantage true the space control and the public as well as to the technical astronauts instances A PK orbits going off satellite breakdowns, It the above PK in no tangible, residual evidence The attitude of foul play. the ordinary sense occurred, taken is that a thus misleading analysis and causing confusion as to the basis for the malfunction. 46 - -*- -- - - ~.'.** The The key success disadvantage of is PK disrupting that PK is human dependent. communications-electronics A equipment depends Additionally, equipment cause the to on how adept person must know where the have potential was Kulagina, using PK, of a caused result in frog, of must a that The sustainment: generating expiring totally of PK energy the to PK upon life the action use of has PK to suspicion. based The on natural seriously explicable. Such in tissue, a human. the to use handicap and must must be grave decision only or appearance be can PK energy the the only thoroughly and feasible briefed be option. disrupt life of assassination causes muscle the body metabolism terminate the effect the heart thrombosis necessity is life controlling Therefore, or to such a affect of heart The PK agent of to study of Kulagina. tearing coronary absolute the rationale convinced of consequences. human be an capable of viable alternative. to using PK. knowledge his used the case caused influence serious in was symptoms terminate person evidenced dead The as in LIFE of PK being functions to is the most damage. The and some to concentrate HUMAN beat person without is one or causes an action could of the victim that are not be directed 47 AU *+ against diplomats, scientists, public national leaders, economic advisors, figure or individual military leaders, military operators, or any having an influence upon the world situation. The application of PK for such purpcses should not be haphazardly essential used. The conditions must be such that it is for its employment. "A factor that will affect the employment of PK will be the PK agent's values governing his beliefs on life morality. If the PK ag,,nt is of his ability is not convinced of absolute necessity, it that employment would not appear that the individual would consent to performing task. Therefore, PK agent is of life assignments. If wizay be used for other termination. individual's is It is ht is adverse unintended then possibly he not involving life not feasible to believe that the of Such an act S. ideals or ethics. To say that such an attempt might have serious i'K consequences. Th e ideal utilization security. not willing, beliefs would be forcibly changed. nothing of the fac to be a to perform termination tasks requiring PK, not within the bounds of U. elimination che required a prerequisite for an individual that he must be willing and of PyK. in those personages The elimination without arousing world this area would threatening world of such individuals be the peace and could be done suspicion or accusation of any one nation since a highly visible assassination was not 48 • . 1 could continue without The actions of the world performed. among the furor that a blatant assassination would generate the nations. DISORIENTATION The effect of disorientation among -• those capable described PK, of performing studies, the case in the effect that PK has, any device designed similar to the effects is used in to provide navigational self-apparent. influence the navigational systems of naval systems, or The guidance. A PK agent could such an effect is weapons this context or can have upon compasses, impact of spncecraft, et.al. Swann, Parise, i.e., The effect of disorientation as it is seems to be a common one ships, aircraft, missile delivery systems, and troop movements using a simple compass or other similar device for directional guidance. by misguiding the movements of the different instilled This effect of vehicle craft. with the scene. is could remain Thus, incorrect after the PK agent suspicion of the PK agent no longer in the area and the effect kinds enhanced the case study of The PK agent could concentrate navigational system to registcr M could be further "linger effect" as described in Felicia Parise. effect Confusion could be on the readings and this has departed from the is lessened remains for since he some time period. 49 /.1 The use of psychokinesis " In systems can cause crafts to go off course, or collision acci, lA.-.Kt-• in nts in mass movements, the navigational equipment, leadership vt to influence navigational cause as to being able effect but could precipitate distrust distrust in the and to impact on wrong targets. of PK on navigational be very effective instill to navigate accurately, guidance system weapons Tht cause confusion systems is when performed subtle at a critical moment. "NUCLEAR WARFARE ALTERNATIVE The established use of psychokinesis realization of its threatening type of warfare now known, potential could use of psychokinesis a greater cause malfunctions impact upon against nuclear weapon than nuclear in or the accepted arms. the most nuclear warfare. The weaponry would make PK could be used controlling the stabilization it to of nuclear reactors within the opposing force's own territory. Nuclear melt downs could would be to cause a .\r•fac-ilities to have ,surrounding be precipitated. sufficient number serious problems je-up-al-izing concerned that they would steadfastly facility. Again, and no apparent way there would to discover thrust of nuclear reactor region that the population the The main the locul would become demand be no so the closure of traceable evidence that a PK agent was 50 ,- . disrupting is the nuclear certainly facility. a better with opposing nuclear anti-nuclear weapon the resulting evidence exists as caused, and Nuclear retaliation arms. PK could deterrent nation can that the opponents of the U. S. may prompt if powers, The the risk danger great of a risk. it now detect PK. within the T. There known, radar To reduce country, the U. could planning nuclear PK is internally is in is the threat the would use PK that of PK use. among the rationale nuclear increased. the country is too of an attack, as device known cannot of nuclear arms it The greatly no forewarning or any other nuclear arms. used by sabotage no the incident. but S. strategic if for nuclear \ is that of detonation itseli, would also be capable "nuclear powers to reduce their is of since was as a possibility, to assert such reductions warfare instability be accused arms an effective the country the nuclear be reasonable for be nuclear to nuclear would be within remains Such an assertion of psychokinesis than countering to how no one usc option or damage The would detonations be dismantled and neutralized. THE The potential overwhelming. be accepted by "AGENCY" benefit ThL realization the government. for employing of If such a PK agents benefit acceptance must is can be first gained, the 51 _S a i- next step will be to identify positive PK ability. organized and Next, those individuals need to be these individuals trained as agents, possessing similar to training received by CIA and other special agents. of these individuals will enable the implementation of a PK The orgAnization network. Implementing coordinated such a PK network will permit a execution of PK initiatives active PK program could of retaliation worldwide. be very effective since PK can be effected An without the fear in a subtle manner "and does not necessitate overt actions. The organization the "Agency". of these PK agents, I have termed There could be an underlying danger to the "Agency". This danger would be the PK agents themselves. Initially, the PK agents may be uncertain unsure of each other. However, over the PK agents may gain confidence a cohesive common drawn , ~ cemented capability, together compared -.- group PK. to their prevalent become so prevalent, entity in national among the that the The government "Agency" hut their roles and a power would begin to no gather could no their PK been talent syndrome This power owes become have developed "Agency" that basis of individuals more group. An entity itself. government. of their roles and the passing of time, on the these contemporaries, become one together Since because in of their could syndrome become other could an allegiance longer as to be unique any to a individuals 5) A'- :_ ,].].2.M possessing 4, worldwide. PK abilities The "Agency" would then become a world organization that could take either of two paths; one being to suppress any country's action to disrupt world stability and work for peace or the other being impose itself "Agency's" upon the world to dominate silent it through the but effective PK capability. possibility of such a threatening to The situation developing could be minimized through action by the United Nations (UN) outlaw PK or at least the use of PK to endanger This would seem unlikely since it PK be existing weapons in human life. would be very difficult control and enforce such a ruling. outlawed to to The U. N. has not the world; therefore, why would treated any differently. PPK COUNTERMEASURES This study did not reveal any confirmed A\-l countermeasures to neutralize PK. research literature reviewed the parapsychologist and the causal The implications indicated that the concern of has been to determine factors for PK. some parapsychologists of the Recently what PK can do (1983-84), have started to explore however, methods for limiting psychic functioning. William Braud and Marilyn Schlitz have conducted a bio-PK blocking study.2 •ij Overall success was not reported one experimenter for the study, provided statistical but "the results confirmation that &Z| pi 1 for 53 people, 2 through psychological block the PK influence.''3 or psychic means, This was accomplished "participants visualizing a protective themselves. ~ the "first locks the result in, a PK influence" screen around prohibiting a second shows person from having that parapsychologists are becoming that is to turn it as well as on and to find methods to counteract efforts are only beginning, been overwhelmingly rather ' ~effectively than determining fully understood. Therefure, to fully reveal the intricacies The has and what it To that something must be further PK research must be conducted the "radionic attacks.4 These PK investigation of PK. that may have some counteractive shield" is off to determine effective to PK, "radionic it. how to stop it. something, countermeasures A device in whereas concerned with what PK is counteract on PK is by the person to observe the data more aware of the need to control PK, can do, to This information coupled with Schmidt's experiments where .'I are able shield." to protect device is The purpose influence of the the bearer from psychic energized when the user inserts a 5 lock of his hair or a drop of blood. for human protection, The device but does not adapt itself is used for the protection of inorganic shield" is developed and promoted through the United States Psychotronics or inanimate Association (USPA)." radionic devices has been documented objects. Military The "radionic interest in by USPA members having 54 i.. p-r . - , . . ,%,..i A 7 contacts with the Pentagon. This interest has been 8 2 evidenced by Pentagon Statistics shield" purchases of radionic devices. on the success or failure rate of the "radionic were not surfaced the effectiveness in the research data. of the "radionic Therefore, shield" to counteract PK was indeterminable. PK COMMAND AND CONTROL The level for command and control decisions utilization, in the opinion of this researcher, best entrusted at the Pentagon level.. PK does not reflect for PK would be The current status of enough advancement to be used at will on a dynamic battlefield; therefore, there is no rationale place the command and control of PK at the tactical operational levels of war. However, or PK research studies have shown enough substance to warrant concern and monitoring at level. The performing the strategic difficulty of harnessing, directing, PK at "will" imposes disadvantages immediate military disadvantages usage of PK. should In be sufficiently to the event overcome, and affecting these the military pocential to use PK will be greatly enhanced. The use of PK in this situation must be stringently controlled to prevent The best way to maintain tight haphazard and negligent use. control is to retain the decision nmaking at the Pentagon 55 .. . . ..W .. .. . . A level. covert its PK would become a very feasible usage potential. The responsibility use must be at a level PK and its accessing The Pentagon for implementing personnel educated use and at a level which is the world situation. weapon with inherent in constantly aware of fulfills these parameters and its awareness of the world situation would help to ensure PK to be used only appropriate for those incidents and necessitate its that are use. SUMMARY The areas addressed are but only a few of the A. possibilities offering psychokinesis in utilization potential military application. for The areas focused on the impact of PK on the command and control aspect of warfare strategy. The impact equipment, potential use in but its was also discussed. could be organized than being Persons enhancement descriptions to human life possessing a PK capability rather into existing organizations. doet, have a potential for being a military or even a military weapon as evidenced presented. A factor of PK as a military weapon officials relation into a separate force structure integrated Psychokinesis of PK was not limited to is influencing the realization that such a potential exists and from the the adoption by government the acceptance of PK as a reality. 56 7T.M CHAPTER IV ENDNOTES 1. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Field Manual No. 100-5. (Washington, D. C.: HQDA, 1982), p. 7-3. "2. Marilyn Schlitz, "Esalen Meetings on Psi Research," ParapsycholGgy Review 15 (November-Deceniber 1984): 10-12. 3. Ibid. 4. Ronald M. McRae, Mind Wars: The True Story of Government Research into the Military Potential Psychic Weapons (New York: St. Martin's Press, 5. 6 6. 7 • "7. of 1984). Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. 8. Ibid. A, ,'j r * 7 CHAPTER V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS This study addressed implication(s) I4. strategy, itself to the possible that psychokinesis specifically may have on warfare the command and control aspect. central questions examined were these: implication(s) does respect to warfare (do) What possible psychokinetic strategy'? phenomena potential value may psychokinetic entirety, known. However, and capabilities factors for PK research with the primary objective reality of PK, but of attempting conditions conducive warfare in "-':,. their and completely to be designed and reported to define critics more particular, of the precisely to identify manifestations. to draw any simple conclusion the immediate application of PK to strategy. The research showed that PK can be a potentially effective military weapun; however, -in immediate possibility. It suggest in also remain inexplicable. to their ieliable was not possible from this st,,dy of of PK, not of convincing "the nature of PK effects and, It PK, has tended What phenomena have militarily? remain to be fully understood The causal have with What impact may these implications have on modern military thought? The characteristics The a number of other is its true application that the reader factors that could have not may been 8 '4-8 • < :':•-=-',',.,-•.•-': . ..- <:.,."- '-','-,• ',•". .. <- --. is • :< •-";'L%< .CX•; )• <%; •" ....38 < .F . . presented. Though such criticisms may following conclusions military when PK has advanced A4ý) control could have potential value for future military utilization. operations to the point for effective PK directed against command elements electronics, the were drawn: Psychokinesis 1. be granted, (i.e., and communications, computers, humans) disruption and possible damage could effect to the opposing forces covertly. 2. The implications warfare strategy of PK with respect to are not of immediate but are of long range consideration concern impacting on command and control. 3. The military future possibilities researched this application of PK has but not sufficiently and refined for implementation at time. The survey of literature this alone is not sufficient Factors is influencing indicated the existence of PK, for military application. the milit;iry application of PK are: Cannot be effected at "will" with constancy, PK energy to have aln effect on an object mass of required but the object must be more definitive, 2) 3) 1) Relation of and the Time required "59 the PK manifestation to effect its to direct movements) on objects, standards to determine individuals, concentrate undisturbed. lateral id potential within PK capability has been within the PK experimentation and 7) PK control universally accepted Absence of 6) where confines of the laboratory sterile reverse, forward, (i.e., effect the PK subject upon Lack of sufficient 5) has not been determined, The impact 4) irregular, influences psychological of surrounding is the PK subject carn does not offer The battlefield offer The dynamics of the battlefield this environment. chaos and the need for instant decisions, not time there is These to concentrate at length to effect PK manifestations. factors do not satisfactorily permit the immediate military however, application of PK; advances in these areas, if PK research makes significant military application will approach reality. The above immediately PK from being factors may prevent institutionalized they do not eliminate within warfare the potential use of PK to influence command and control as part of warfare regularity, nevertheless, but, and Vinogradova, it PK energy will have a role be controlled can This has can be effected. as well as PK experiments anid directed. in (Jahn warfare Parise, and Dunne, strategy, The re!1.ation between when PK 60 rIM• '-6 k t . . . .- , it through such PK subjects as Kulagina, been evidenced 1983). the strategy in PK cannot be effected at will with distant future. V but strategy, -. . .• "j•I .-. .... , ..,., -: ., : ,, . : -¢ 1. ,IY3 -.. • ". 3 - .2k .)2¢ .?•L -. ..? . - - '4m and the mass of the target object must be more definitive, but evidence exists substantiating this relation (Forwald The point is that as much 1952, 1957; Cox 1971). K• information as possible must be obtained about PK to properly and effectively employ manifestations is irregular. exhibited, may take seven but it hours as evidenced it. The time to effect PK PK manifestations can be (7) minutes or seven by Kulagina and other PK subjects. survey of literature did not reveal what effect (7) The surrounding '¼ L psychological 7". influences may have upon the PK subject. remains as an unknown variable that must be determined (2". [4 .• use PK, ensure experienced by the PK subject or by personnel in the proximate surrounding area. The lack of sufficient control effect is its The PK energy may affect situation. the wrong control disruption than is The commander in order battlefield. target, may affect to influence the actions to have some, I\ direction ilk Vinogradova. (forward, found though limited, reverse, lateral he can firmly on in the the survey of control over was ;ucepted to determine PK capability within individuals is may cause for the movement) The absence of universally within the literature potential desired must have weapons The only PK subject literature PK an obvious disadvantage. friendly personnel and equipment unintentionally, more misdirecLed to any adverse reactions are not effectively to direct This standards and not a key disadvantage to • 01 Ik 'B= . . . . . .- . . . . . .- 1. PK's military application. However, such standards would "provide guides for such determination, needless experimentation PK subjects could filter and testing of masses of people. be narrowed to a specific group-type and out those not having PK capability. PK may not be adequately A part of the current weapons significant potential refined to be considered inventory; as a military weapon. Military the possible applications warfare. it possesses the future. thought i- its strategists potential ca.,.,ot discount that PK may have on future These possibilities were discussed Strategists are concerned .. however, to be a military weapon in The impact of PK on military 440 thus preventing in Chapter IV. with the art of controlling and utilizing the resources of a natioa ... to the end that its vital interests shall be effectively promoted and secured against enemies, actual., potential, "or presumed...is that which so integrates the policies and armaments of the nation that the resort to war is either rendered unnecessary or is under~aken with the maximum chance of victory. Therefore, potential srrategists ise of PK, through the nation should be concerned with the population, against or offering since it its The potential militarily is its and could enemies, an advantage is a resource of the nation, be used in securing the rendering war to be unnecessary, to maximize value of the chance of victory. psychokinetic inherent adaptability to phenomena -overt 62 ISO-,- operations. The advantage can be inserted is into environments requiring disruption of command w1ll that it human Humans possessing a high degree of PK capability dependent. - of PK is provide and control for the avoidance of victory. With proper systems. the covert This disxuption of war or ensuring preparation, the chance a human can be placed "in an environment without any or minimal suspicion. offer flexibility analyze in environment, movement, A machine weapon on the other suspicion if its cannot think on its form is own, may requires humans for placement, movement. The this study; unfriendly feedback subject-to-target however, evaluated since evidence presented PY subjects and psychological occurrence, "and is functioning, offers the PK subject jeopardy if immediate psychological This must be earlier showed various physical after PK activity. phenomena into an These could place the PK or make him suspect through their the enemy attentive and activity have experienced and psychological adversities in for distance was discounted for that PK subjects could develop post-PK subject be bulky of success or failure of the mission. carefully physical alien to the the insertion of PK individuals environment "debilitation. K" situations since they can and react to changes. hand may present -4 changing Humans is knowledgeable to the occurrence in of these the area of PK physical and phenomena. 63 11-MOM The PK subject's human dependent. it may assist Research it. the PK results or minimal at best. may influence the or instability stability and moral views of the PK comes the ethical of the PK subject's ethics and morals The impact This to formulate The question existence exerted is to subject and there research an absence of sufficient any firm conclusion. arises that if research why have not the persons of PK, vary from the impact will since an unknown variable subject suggests the possessing PK their power to overwhelm the present regimes of to along with human Additionally, will depend upon his strength of conviction to them. is the PK has not been sufficiently researched provide data for evaluation. subject. is the subject is If this area is in psychological How such could influence dependence influence of the subject stability The psychological PK results. health may affect may adversely this health, ill also that it of the PK energy exerted. effectiveness in of PK is the disadvantage Ironically, PK has such if Certainly, the world? governments potential for military application why have we not been overpowered those having PK capabilities? "no organization or "agency" either nationally or in direction and guidance. psychic phenomena problem here is centrally the world, Withi, are prevalent that in One reason is that by there is managing PK subjects, to provide some nations, uniform PK and other within the culture. most cases and The these cultures are in "64 what is considered backward within these countries %A. is 3 concerned real desire to conquer The psi phenomena intertwined cults using superstition. very close-knit countries. with shamanic-type These cults usually appear to be only with -their own needs and no Additionally, the world. witch doctors do not desire to make known thei.r Within their local culture, important, if they shared overtake the world, disappear. they are considered very position would the civilized world, PK subjects in secrets. with others to their secrets their prestigious shamans and in all "probability, would be better educated and have ethics, morals, Also, their PK capability. about that may govern over how they use and a conscience being publi, with their ability, them under the fire general media, fear these PK subjects may be timid of peer criticism.4 of PK is the portrayal where most experiences the source of the effect unsavory character.5 is regarded of a known entity, The and guidance, Contributing to a such phenomena in in would require the i.e., the government, the capabilities government the as a freak or otherwise To gather the PK subjects together, would fully acknowledge subjects. of may bring are regarded with terror and the opinion of this researcher, sponsorship since it could provide and give them a sense of that of these PK them with dixection purpose and utilization. 65 I.7 FOR FUTURE RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS A consideration 1. for future research is healing within the possible application of PK to medical U. S. Army. of PK was not directly This application but tangential to the study, the to it. The related reviewed literature suggested that PK could possibly be applied to medical healing. The application of PK for healing presents an aspect of PK different from this study which focused on a orientation destruction 2. Research evaluation of organization s:ubjects. for PK subjects? organization force structure Is These study of PK to determine organize individuals different values PK to inflict ?. (- not, or is it? then what be placed structure that PK subjects conclusions as to how to best PK capability. humans in using PK to need further study and this way as a military weapon than using such weapons machine guns, for PK the best force structure should PK subjects possessing PK applied a type questions encourage the further pain and/or death in "evaluation. ethical the "Agency," The moral and ethical issues 3. inflict i.e., If there an existing force could be placed in? to determine needed concept ]organization in? is force structure, the "Agency" Is ~i of PK. as rifles, cannons, is no and The PK subject's own moral and could impact on the effective pain and/or death in humans. application Whether of the 66 impact is positive or negative remains open for study and "for conclusions to be determined. The further study in these areas will provide additional information on PK and contribute analysis of PK and its implication to the overall to warfare strategy. 1•.', - - 2l- 67 CHAPTER V ENDNOTES "-"" John Palmer, '"Psi Research in the 1980's," Parapsychology Review 16 (March-April 1985): 1. ,- 1-4. 2. Edward Mead Earle, Makers of Modern Strategy Princeton University Press, 1943). (Princeton: "3. Patric V. Giesler, "Batcheldoriai. Psychodynamics in "Umbanda Ritual Trance Consultation, Part 1," "Parapsychology Review 15 (November-December 1984): 5-9. the S4. "Esalen Meetings on Psi Research," Marilyn Schlitz, Parapsychology Review 15 (November-December 1984): 10-12. Ibid. 5. "4.#. ' 1 ''' 68 " • . .,., ' -. . - . 2 . ' ' " - , "- : ¢ , - - : • " ". -"--q" - - -" " '" " " "" " ' - - REFERENCES AV~ REFERENCES 1. Books Bearden, Thomas E. Excalibur Briefing. Strawberry Hill Press, 1980. Biteaux, Armand. Oliver Press, San Francisco: The New Consciousness. 1975. Brown, Raymond Lam .t. 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Laboratory. 7559 Santa Monica Angeles, CA 90046. Hartley Productions. Health Research. 95245. - - Inner PSI 70 Lafayette Light Foundation. rhe Ir.stitute "Valley, "Ne Cat Rock Road, of CA P. Mentalphvsics. 2 P 761, 0. CT Los 06807. Mokelumre Hill, Novato, Box b4(J, Box CA CA 94947. Yucca q2284. Realities," 680 Beach "t" -ancisco,CA 94109. Center. Street, 0. Box Boulevard, Cos Cob, 763 University, Division of Parapsychology, Department of Psychiatry. 152 U. V. vedical Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E. MD Plane Tree Street, Lane, Suito D)ix Hiills, 408, NY Sari I()).U 77 " "~I 1.• "-. Psychology Department. Duke University, Psychology Department. MD 21218. Johns Hopkins University, Psychology Department. 94305. Stanford University, Psychology Department. University Angeles, CA 90024. "Samuel Weiser, Institute. Inc. School of Engineering and Applied Science. University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Science Unlimited Foundation. 78201. 311 Baltimore, CA Los 301 College New York, 27706. Stanford, 76 Everett Street, 734 Broadway, NC of California, Psvchophysical Research Laboratories. "East, Princeton, NJ 08540. Psychosynthesis CA 94301. Durham, Road Palo Alto, NY 10003. Princeton D Spencer Lane, San "Antonio, TX "SRI International. 333 Ravenwood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025. ." • 78 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION * * • L" LIST Center 1. Armed Forces Medical Intelligence 21701 Fort Detrick, Maryland •2. CGSC Army Strategist Program Coordinator Department of Joint and Combined Operations U. S. Army Command and General Staff College 66027 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 3. Combined Arms Research Library U. S. Army Command and General Staff College 66027 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 4. Defense Technical Information Cameron Station Alexandria, Virginia 22314 5. LTC Raymond J. Friedl School for Professional Development U. S. Army Command and General Staff College 66027 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 6. 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