docN.IIIO.4_Goñi_et_al - First Regional Symposium on Sustainable
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N.IIIO.4_Goñi_et_al - First Regional Symposium on Sustainable
02/12/2013 1st Regional Symposium on sustainable small scale fisheries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea, Malta, November 2013 Artisanal fisheries and MPAs in the Spanish Mediterranean Raquel Goñi, Sandra Mallol, David Díaz & Federico Alvarez Spanish Institute of Oceanography Balearic Is. Center, SPAIN Artisanal fisheries 1 02/12/2013 Seasonal rotation of métiers MONTH Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec MÉTIER Cuttlefish trammel net Spiny lobster trammel net Red scorpionfish trammel net Dolphin-fish Lampara net Red mullet trammel / gill net Transparent goby boat seine Seriola gill net Pelagics Trap net Mustelus gill net Grouper, Dentex and Sparids longline Squid hand-line and jigs Seriola bottom trawl line Serranids hand-line Pelagics surface trawl line Grouper and sparids métier Gear: Bottom longline Hooks: Mustad 2/0 to 5/0 Depth range: 20-100 m Time fishing : 1 to 4 hours Target species: Epinephelus spp, D. dentex, P. pagrus, S. cantharus, P. erythrinus. 9% Rocky 23% Coarse detritic 46% Patchy Rocky-sandy Rocky-Posidonia 11% 11% Valuable & overfished Jan Fishing season Spawning season P Feb P Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec P,D,S D,S,Pe D,S,Pe D,Pe,E D,Pe,E Pe,E Pe,E Pe 2 02/12/2013 Spiny lobster métier Gear: Trammel net Inner mesh size: 133 to 160 mm Depth range: 50-100 m Net soak time: 48 h Target species: Palinurus elephas 2% 34% Maërl Pebble 38% Pebble-Laminaria spp. Rocky Rocky-Posidonia 6% Valuable & overfished Jan Feb 20% Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Fishing season Spawning season Marine protected areas THANK YOU 3 02/12/2013 SPANISH MPAs Llevant Mallorca MPA Columbretes Is. MPA Mediterranean Total surface Mean surface nº= 19 MPA 909 km2 48 km2 No take (9% area) 83 km2 4 km2 LLEVANT MALLORCA MPA Artisanal fisheries prior and after the creation of the MPA 0 – 54 m depth 4 harbors in the area = 61 boats < 11 m length ZONING PLAN No take area – NO fishing Restricted Use Area Artisanal fisheries regulated Recreational fisheries regulated Spear-fishing regulated or banned Promoted by fishermen in 2003 Studies prior to designation (2003 -2004) Designated in 2007 4 02/12/2013 Changes in métiers & seasonal dynamics Before MPA Métier After MPA Month 16 J F M A M J J A S O N D Aphia boat seine Sepia trammel net Thunnus gillnets Mustelus gillnets Palinurus trammel net Rocky fish trammel net Scorpaena trammel / gillnet Mullus trammel / gillnet Coryphaena lampara net Seriola gillnets Seriola stationary pound net Sarda combined net Grouper & Sparidae longline Squid jig handline Serranidae handline Seriola bottom troll line Month 14 Métier J Extinct Aphia boat seine Sepia trammel net Thunnus gillnets Extinct Extinct Mustelus gillnets Zeus gillnets New Palinurus trammel net Rocky fish trammel net Scorpaena trammel / gillnet Mullus trammel / gillnet Coryphaena lampara net Euthynnus gillnets Sparidae gillnets New Seriola gillnets Seriola stationary pound net Sarda combined net Grouper & Sparidae longline Squid jig handline Serranidae handline Extinct Seriola bottom troll line Extinct F M A M J J A S O N D 20 15 25 New 16 15 15 15 Changes in spatial distribution of fishing effort Grouper and Sparid long-line increase & concentrates along boundary of MPA After MPA Before MPA Colònia St. Pere Colònia St. Pere Cala Rajada Cala Rajada Palinurus trammel net Grouper and Sparid long-line Sepia trammel net Mulllus trammel / gillnet Scorpaena trammel net Rocky fish trammel net Seriola gillnet Seriola bottom troll line Sparidae gillnet Euthynnus gillnet Aphia boat seine Zeus gillnet Mustelus gillnet Sarda combined net Squid jig handline Thunnus gillnet Corypaena lampara net Serranidae handline 5 02/12/2013 COLUMBRETES COLUMBRETES ISLANDSMPA MPA Benefits of protection for spiny lobster Protected area in 1990 Surface: 55 km2 All commercial fishing forbidden No lobster fishing allowed in MPA Fishing prohibitions well enforced Expected effects of protection on a exploited species NO - TAKE Population biomass Reproductive output Time Time NO - TAKE ADJACENT GROUNDS MPA NO DATA ADJACENT FISHING GROUNDS STUDY Spillover (biomass export) 1990 1997 2012… Egg & larval export 6 02/12/2013 Biomass recovery STUDY METHODS – DATA COLLECTION: MPA: Experimental fishing Tag-recapture Fished areas: Onboard sampling x 15 0 Biomass index 90000 1000 2000 3000 4000 80000 70000 60000 MPACOL COLout COLout MALL MALL MEN MEN 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Evidence of biomass spillover: Fishery recaptures outside MPA 0 2 MPA 10 30 km 99% 0 1 5 Km Goñi et al. 2006, 2010 MEPS 7 02/12/2013 Spillover benefits to adjacent fishery Biomass Index 180 CPUE (nº lobs./500m /day) MPA MPA 160 140 Fishing grounds 120 100 80 60 Fishing grounds 40 20 0 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Annual export 6% (nº) 13 % benefit (kg) Remarks Sustainability, as conservation, succeeds by doing what works Robust evidences on MPA’s as powerful tools for the comanagement of SSF’s, if designed and enforced properly Special thanks to the Spanish General Secretary of the Sea by the long-term financial support of scientific monitoring of MPA’s 8 02/12/2013 THANS FOR YOUR ATTENTION THANK YOU 9