Roadworthiness test procedure

Transcription

2006 CITA CONFERENCE
‘The future of Vehicle Inspection – Contributing to Sustainable
Road Transport’
‘Developments in Inspection of 2 & 3 Wheeled Vehicles’
OPENING
Ron Oliver
CITA President
2006 CITA CONFERENCE, 17 – 20 October, Hanoi, VIETNAM
In-service Vehicle Inspection
Safety & Environment
Sustainability
Road Transport
‘The future of Vehicle Inspection – Contributing to
Sustainable Road Transport’
Honda’s Challenge for Clean and
Safety Motorcycles
Speaker
: Mr. Muraoka, Chief Engineer
Organization : Honda
Country
: Japan
Content
1 Introduction
1
2
3
4
Motorcycle market
Usefulness of motorcycles
Environmental tasks for motorcycles
Honda environment statement
2 Exhaust Emission Regulation
1 Situation of world exhaust emission regulation
3 Exhaust Emission Reduction Technology
1 Technology for complying with EURO-1, 2, 3
2 FI technology
4 Safety Technology
1 Preventive safety
2 Active safety
3 Passive safety
Content
1 Introduction
1
2
3
4
Motorcycle market
2 FI technology
4 Safety Technology
1 Preventive safety
2 Active safety
3 Passive safety
1-1 Motorcycle Market
1 Motorcycle sales in major countries (2005)
China
12.7
million
Japan 2% Philippines 2%
Brazil 3%
Oceania 0%
Others 4%
Vietnam4%
USA 5%
China
32%
Other Asian countries 5%
India
7.6
Total
38.5M
EU 25 5%
Thailand 5%
EU (25)
1.9
Indonesia 13%
Thailand Vietnam
1.7
2.1
Japan
0.7
USA
1.8
Philippines
0.6
Indonesia
5.1
India
20%
Brazil
1.0
Other Asian countries
1.9
Oceania
0.1
Reference: Honda overview of world Motorcycle, 2006
Market volume ==> 38.5 Million (2005)
2 Motorcycle’s in use in major countries : (latest after 2001)
Reference: Honda in-house data
China
(2003)
60
India
28
(2001)
Indonesia
20
(2003)
Thailand
16
(2005)
Vietnam
15
(2005)
Taiwan
13
(2005)
Japan
13
(2005)
0
10
20
30
40
Units （million）
50
3 Motorcycle’s popularization : (latest after 2001)
(Units/1000 population)
Reference: Honda in-house data
Taiwan
(2005)
Thailand
579
241
(2005)
Vietnam
172
(2005)
Japan
103
(2005)
Indonesia
93
(2003)
China
46
(2003)
India
27
(2001)
Ave. (world)
33
(2001)
0
100
200
300
400
（Units/1000 population）
500
600
1-2 Usefulness of Motorcycles
Motorcycles are usefully used in people’s various scene in the life
by its Maneuverability / Economical efficiency
Transportation
Mail delivery
Delivery
Police
1-3 Environmental Tasks for Motorcycles
1 Tasks to be solved
Big tasks for Motorcycles
• Environment : Exhaust Emission, Global warming, Noise
• Safety
Exhaust Emission
CO, HC, NOx
Global warming
CO2
Motorcycle
Safety
Noise
Traffic accident
Environment noise
2 Prospect of Environment / Energy issues
Seriousness of issue
Serious
Energy issue
Sustainability
Climate change
(Warming gas, CO2 reduction)
Air pollution
(Exhaust gas: CO, HC, NOx, PM )
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
3 Air Pollutants and the Sources
Photochemical
Smog
Sulfuric
Acid Mist
Acid
Rain
Suspended
Particulate Matters
Air pollution
CO, NOx,
HC, Pb
Mobile Sources
NOx, SOx
HC, SPM
Stationary Sources
1- 4 Environmental Tasks for Motorcycles
1 Honda Environment Statement
Honda will make efforts to contribute to human health
and the preservation of the global environment.
Action Guidelines
1. To make efforts to recycle materials and conserve energy at
every stage.
2. To make every effort to minimize and find appropriate
methods to dispose of waste and contaminants.
3. Each employee will focus to preserve human health and the
global environment, and do his or her part.
4. To enhance Honda’s reputation as an environmentally
responsibility.
Content
1 Introduction
1
2
3
4
Motorcycle market
2 FI technology
4 Safety Technology
1 Preventive safety
2 Active safety
3 Passive safety
2-1 Situation of World Exhaust Emission Regulation
1 Type of Exhaust Emission Regulation
ECE/EU or their derivative
(ECE40 mode)
EPA/CARB type
FTP (LA-4 mode)
Others
European countries
Asian countries
USA, Canada
Taiwan
India
World trend ==> EU
Brazil
regulations
2 Transition of Exhaust Emission Regulation : CO
g/km
EURO-3 level in many countries around 2006～2007
15
Japan
Vietnam (TCVN)
EURO-1
10
CO
China
Thailand
5
EURO-2
India
EURO-3
0
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
3 Transition of Exhaust Emission Regulation : HC + NOx
EURO-3 level in many countries around 2006～2007
g/km
6
5
HC
4
(+NOx)
Vietnam (TCVN)
EURO-1
3
Japan
2
China
1
0
India
EURO-2（≧150cc）
1998
2000
2002
2004
Thailand
2006
EURO-3 (≧150cc）
2008
2010
4 Transition of Exhaust Emission Regulation
2002
Europe
Japan
China
EURO-1
2004
EURO-2
2005
USA
EURO-3(registration)
4
(51～125, ≧251cc) stage 1
stage 4
EURO-
stage 2 (new production)
EURO-1 (running EURO-2
Production)
EURO-1 (sales)
2011
stage 2 (new production)
(running
Production)
EURO-3
(running production)
EURO-3 (sales)
(new production)
EURO-2
(sales)
(new production)
stage 5
（<110cc（全）
）
EURO-3
equivalent
EURO-1
EURO-2 (running production)
EURO2
stage 5
stage 4
EURO-3
EURO-3
stage 6
OFF/ATV
（Phase-in）
06YM
EP
A
ARB
2009 2010
(registration)
Viet Nam
Indonesi
a
Taiwa
n
India
2006 2007 2008
(≦50, 126～250cc) stage 1
Brazil
Thailan
d
2003
red character : not decided
Tier-2（ 10YM）
Tier-1（ 06YM）
Tier-1（ 04YM
）
Tier-2（ 08YM）
4 Stringency of Exhaust Emission Regulation : 2006~2007
European countries
Japan
India
Thailand
USA, Canada
Stringency
*Very stringent
EURO-3 or higher
*Stringent
EURO-2 level
*Moderate
Below EURO-2
World trend around 2006~7 --> EURO-3
Brazil
Content
1 Introduction
1
2
3
4
Motorcycle market
2 FI technology
4 Safety Technology
1 Preventive safety
2 Active safety
3 Passive safety
3-1 Technology for Complying with EURO-1, 2, 3
1 Air-cooled 125cc class motorcycle
z EM regulation stage
and limits
EURO-1
13/3/0.3
Carburetor
improvement
Engine modification
and limits
EURO-1
13/3/0.3
Carburetor
improvement
EURO-2
5.5/1.2/0.3
Engine modification
Secondary
Air Injection
and limits
EURO-1
13/3/0.3
EURO-2
5.5/1.2/0.3
Fuel
Injection
EURO-3
2.0/0.8/0.15
CAT/Heat guard
Engine modification
Secondary
Air Injection
4 Metal CAT
Metal CAT
5 FI system
Carburetor System
FI System
・Water(Oil) Temperature
Sensor
・Intake Air Temperature
・Throttle Position Sensor
・Engine
RPM
Sensor
・MAP
Sensor
・Throttle Position Sensor
・Engine RPM
Fuel Tank
Fuel Pump
High Pressure Fuel
ICU
FI-ECM
Ignition Coil
Ignition Plug
Ignition Coil
Carburetor
Fuel Injector
Throttle Body
Ignition Plug
3-2 FI Technology
1 Advantages by FI system : Exhaust emission/Fuel economy improvement
by FI system
FE Improvement Better
4 stroke Engine + FI
4 stroke Engine
(Carburetor)
2 stroke Engine
Exhaust Emission reduction
(HC + NOx)
Cleaner
3-2 FI Technology
2 Basic targets of FI system
1. Improved fuel economy
2. Reduced emissions
3. Easy starting
4. Easy adaptability to various operating environment
3-2 FI Technology
3 The first FI adoption to Air cooled engine
New Wave125 FI (2003 Thailand)
3-2 FI Technology
4 FI for Air cooled engine : Ex. Emission and Fuel Economy
g/km
Exhaust Emission (ECE40)
2.0
Wave 125 (Carburetor)
1.5
New Wave 125 FI
1.0
0.5
0
CO
HC+NOx
Fuel Economy (Actual mode)
Wave 125
New
Wave125 FI
+6%
In-house data
3-2 FI Technology
5 FI for Air cooled engine :
Advantages
Stable start-ability after long time
disuse
Stable Idling at any ambient temp.
Stable
Stable Idling
Idling at
at any
any altitude
altitude
Improved
PGM-FI
-->Stable
Short 1
Carburetor
30
10
5
Days disuse
PGM-FI
Carburetor
Cranking time
PGM-FI
PGM-FI
-->Stable
-->Stable
Idle speed
Cranking time
PGM-FI
Carburetor
Improved
PGM-FI
-->Stable
Id speed down by
decreased air density
0
1000
Altitude (m)
2000
Short
-10
0
25
Temp oC
40
3-2 FI Technology
6 FI application to 50cc Scooter models
Smart･Dio Z4
2004 Japan
Zoomer
2004 Europe
Content
1 Introduction
1
2
3
4
Motorcycle market
2 FI technology
4 Safety Technology
1 Preventive safety
2 Active safety
3 Passive safety
4 Motorcycle Safety Technology
Comprehensive World Safety Research Activities
matching Motorcycle characteristics
Preventive Safety
Training
Recognition
assistance
Honda Riding Simulator
and Riding Trainer
IVC (Vehicle Communication)
(ASV-3)
Conspicuity
(FACE, LONG)
Active Safety
Accident
avoidance
Advanced Brake Systems
(CBS + ABS)
Passive Safety
Injury
reduction
Airbag System
4-1 Preventive Safety: Training
Riding Simulator / Riding Trainer
Riding Simulator (2001)
Riding Trainer (2005)
(mass production version)
Experience potentially dangerous
situations without risk
Improvement of rider’s ability to
recognize danger (risk awareness)
4-1 Preventive Safety: Recognition Assistance
Recognition of other
vehicles by inter-vehicle
communication technologies.
Approaching
motorcycle!
Honda ASV3
Opposing
right turn
vehicle!
4-2 Active Safety: Accident Avoidance
CBS : Combined Brake System
Easy operation
Avoidance of
wheel lock
CBS
ABS
Brake system where at last two
brakes on different wheels are
actuated by the operation of a
single control
ABS : Anti-Lock Brake System
Combined ABS
Brake system to prevent wheel lock
for excessive lever or pedal input
(CBS+ABS)
Combined ABS : Combined Anti-Lock Brake System
Hydraulic Combined Brake System with ABS
Conventional Brake system
Two independent brake systems actuating for front wheel and rear wheel
4-2 Active Safety: Accident Avoidance
Example of CBS
CBS Configuration
Motorcycle with CBS
(Honda CLICK EXCEED – Produce of Honda Vietnam)
4-3 Passive Safety: Injury Reduction
Airbag System
The first passenger car with
airbag System in Japan
Honda Legend (1987)
The first motorcycle with airbag
system in the world
Honda GoldWing
(2006)
Honda positively challenges the
Research and Development of new
technologies environment-friendly and
contributing traffic safety !
Thank you for your attention
Sustainability
Road Transport
Emission Control for In-Use
Motorcycles in Asia
Speaker
: Mr Le Anh Tu
Organization : Vietnam Register
Country
: Vietnam
CONTENTS
1. Motorcycles emissions in Asia
2. Emission control for in-use
motorcycles in Asia
3. Conclusions
1. Motorcycles Emissions in Asia
1.1 - GENERAL SITUATION
• Nowadays, there are about 200 million motorcycles in
Asia. As triple number of motorcycles as in OECD, while
the Asian automobile number is only 12%.
• Vehicle emissions in emerging Asian countries account
for 31% PM, 13% NOx, 30% VOC, 24% CO of the world.
In which, motorcycle emissions contributed 29% PM, 7%
NOx, 69% VOC and 61% CO.
¾ Asian motorcycles contributes a considerable amount of
PM, CO and VOC emissions.
Source: IEA-SMP transport model reference case projection
(see http://library.iea.org/textbase/subjectqueries/keyresult.asp?KEYWORD_ID=4121)
1.2 - MOTORCYCLE POPULATION IN ASIAN
EMERGING COUNTRIES (in 1000)
China (2002)
India (2003)
Indonesia (2003)
Thailand (2003)
Vietnam (2005)
Japan (2003)
Taipei, China (2001)
Malaysia (2003)
Pakistan (1998)
South Korea
Philippine (2003)
18796.24
18210.45
16086.64
13986.28
11733.2
6202.824
2150.507
1730.193
1552.579
51028.41
47525
Sources: ADB (See http://www.adb.org/vehicle-emissions); International Road Federation, Asean-Japan
center (see http://www.asean.or.jp/eng/general/statistics/index(05).html), MOT of Singapore, Taiwan-China,
Malaysia, India; Korea (see: http://www.entek-international.com/Publications/MotorcycleBatteriesinAsia.pdf)
1.3 - MOTORCYCLE POPULATION IN
OTHER ASIAN COUNTRIES (in 1000)
Srilanka (2000)
Cambodia (2003)
336.466
246.395
Bangladesh (2000)
225.18
Lao (2003)
139.434
Singapore (2005)
Myanmar (1998)
118.33
Hongkong (2001)
27.116
Nepal (2001)
29.291
26.675
Mongolia
696.51
Sources: ADB (See http://www.adb.org/vehicle-emissions; http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/ArriveAlive/Action-Plans/); International Road Federation, Asean-Japan center (see
http://www.asean.or.jp/eng/general/statistics/index(05).html), MOT of Singapore; http://www.entekinternational.com/Publications/MotorcycleBatteriesinAsia.pdf)
1.4 - MOTORCYCLE PROPORTION
IN MOTOR VEHICLE FLEET (%)
100
94.8
90
80.1
80
75.2 75.2
70
71.5 70.9
68.8
59.8
60
48.2
50
40
75.5
36.9
50
44.7
37.7
30
20
10
0
Myanmar Philippine Malaysia Indonesia Cambodia Lao Vietnam India Nepal Thailand China Srilanca Pakistan Bangladesh
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2005
2002
2001
2003
2002
2000 1998
2000
ADB( http://www.adb.org/vehicle-emissions); Asean regional road safety strategy and action plan 20052010 Book see: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Arrive-Alive/Action-Plans/
1.5 - USAGE RATE OF MOTORCYCLE
(Number per 1000 habitants)
Philippine (2003)
600
523.6
Pakistan (1998)
Cambodia (2003)
500
Singapore (2004)
Lao (2003)
400
284.7
300
247.6
200
100
162.7
88 104.8
39.6 39.5 39.7
19.1 20.3 25.3 32.9
0
India (2002)
Chiana (2002)
Indonexia (2003)
Japan (2003)
Vietnam (2004)
Malayxia (2003)
Thailan (2003)
Taipei, China (2001)
Source: Asean regional road safety strategy and action plan 2005-2010 Book see:
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Arrive-Alive/Action-Plans/
ADB (see http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2005)
Asean-Japan center (see http://www.asean.or.jp/eng/general/statistics/index(05).html),
1.6 - MOTORCYCLE GROWTH
Grơwth Statistic
South East Asian
Trends in
Population and
Gross Domestic
Products and
Vehicle
Registration
(1998 – 2003)
Population Trend
GDP Trend
Vehicle Trend
Motorcycle Trend
1996 1998 2000 01 02
03 (Year)
Source: ADB – Asean (see
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Re
ports/Arrive-Alive/Action-Plans/)
1.7 - ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (%)
20
17.4
14.5
15
10
8.2
9.8
10
11
12
5
0
Philippine
India
Thailand Indonesia Malaysia China
Vietnam
2003 (1999-2003) (2000-2003) 2003
2003 (1999-2002) (2003-2005)
Source: Philippine, Indonesia, Malaysia see ADB – Asean (see
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Arrive-Alive/Action-Plans/); The other calculated from population
1.8 - MOTORCYCLE GROWTH
IN VIETNAM
18000000
16086644
16000000
14000000
13375992
12000000
11419056
10988543
10000000
8395835
8000000
6000000
4000000
4827218
4208247
6478954
5600000
5200000
2000000
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Source:
National
Traffic Safety
Administration
1.9- MOTORVEHICLE FLEET
COMPOSITION IN VIETNAM (2005)
5% Automobile
Type
Automobiles
Motorcycle
Motorcycle proportion
95%
Source: Vietnam Register
Number
891,104
16,086,644
1.10 - MOTORCYCLE POPULATION
AND USAGE RATE
¾ The Asian countries have largest number of
motorcycles.
¾ Motorcycles are the most popular type of
transport means in some countries.
¾ Motorcycles play a special important role in
Vietnam.
¾ In some countries, motorcycle population is
booming in the recent years and still increasing
in the coming years.
1.11- MOTORCYCLE CHARACTERISTICS
IN ASIA
• Small displacement: from 70 cm3 to 150 cm3,
popularly from 80 cm3 to 125 cm3
• Simple design engines without emissions
control system So, fuel efficiency far less than
auto.
• Although existing a change to 4 stroke, but 2
stroke still a significant pollution in some
countries in the region.
• 2 wheelers – 90% , and 3 wheelers – 10%.
1.12 – 2 STROKE VERSUS 4 STROKE
Source: ADB (See http://www.adb.org/vehicle-emissions)
1.13-MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS
PM emission by type of vehicle in 2005
100%
Minibuses
Buses
80%
3-wheelers
60%
2-wheelers
40%
Heavy Freight Truck
20%
Medium Freight Truck
Light Duty Vehicle
0%
China
India
Other Asia OECD
Source: IEA-SMP transport model reference case projections
See http://library.iea.org/Textbase/subjectqueries/keyresults.asp?KEYWORD_ID=4121
1.14- MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS
NOx emission by type of vehicle in 2005
100%
Minibuses
Buses
80%
3-w heelers
60%
2-w heelers
40%
Heavy Freight Truck
20%
Medium Freight
Truck
Light Duty Vehicle
0%
China
India
Other Asia OECD
VOC emission by type of vehicle in 2005
100%
Minibuses
80%
Buses
3-w heelers
60%
2-w heelers
40%
Heavy Freight Truck
20%
Light Duty Vehicle
0%
China
India
Other Asia OECD
CO emission by type of vehicle in 2005
100%
Minibuses
Buses
80%
3-w heelers
60%
2-w heelers
40%
Heavy Freight Truck
20%
Light Duty Vehicle
0%
China
India
Other Asia OECD
Emission proportion of MC in total vehicle
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CO
HC
VOC
CO2
NOx
HOCHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM (1999)
Source: Explicit-ADEME and Enerteam, DOSTE Ho Chi Minh City
SO2
• Other than developed countries,
motorcycles are the most pollution source
in Asia.
• Without controlling measures, the situation
will go worse, dangerous health effect for
Asian people.
2. Emissions control for in-use
motorcycles in Asia
2.1- CONTROL MEASURES
Measures
Countries
Mandatory emissions inspection for in-use
motorcycles
Some countries
Strengthen Inspection & Maintenance
Taiwan, China
Limited registration and regulated vehicle
lifetime
China
Alternative fuel program
India, Thailand
Encourage using 2T oil less smoke
India, Thailand
Prohibit using 2T gasoline-mixed oil
India
Lead-free gasoline program
Almost all countries
2.2- PERIODICAL INSPECTION &
ROAD SIDE TEST
¾ Periodical emissions test for motorcycles.
¾ Normal inspection frequency is 01 year, and
tend to be more stringent.
¾ Roadside test also involved in parallel.
2.3 - EMISSION STANDARD
FOR NEW AND IN-USE MOTORCYCLES
New Motorcycles
Country
Type
X
CO
(%)
-
-
6
2-Stroke 1,5 g/km
-
-
3.5
6000
4-Stroke 1,5 g/km
-
-
3,5
4.500
2.000
30%
30%
4,5 %
Philippines
India
CO
In-use Motorcycles
HC
HC+NO
HC
(ppm)
Taipei,
China
All
4%
6000
ppm
-
3,5
Sri Lanka
All
6 g/km
-
-
6
Thailand
All
3,5 g/km
1,8
g/km
4,5
10.000
2000
ppm
-
4,5
8.000
-
4,5
2.200
-
-
4,5
3000
-
-
4,5
2400
China
Indonesia
2-Stroke
4-Stroke
2-Stroke
4-Stroke
3%
8 g/km
PM
2.4- CLEANER FUEL USE & OTHERS
• Cleaner fuels program.
• Regulated age limits on vehicles.
2.5-REDUCING MOTORCYCLE
EMISSION IN VIETNAM
• Lead Phased out in 2001
• Developed Action Plan on Vehicles Emissions
Reduction in 2002 with TA from ADB.
• Successful research to convert MC for using LPG.
Catalytic converter for MC is being studying.
• Motorcycle Clinic is being developed for Hanoi City
with funding from Worldbank.
• Issued Roadmap to adopt emissions standards for
new and in-use vehicles.
• Vietnam Register is developing a Proposal for Prime
Minister’s approval on Controlling emissions for inuse MC in the large cities.
3. CONCLUSIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MC population is most density in Asia, especially in SouthEast Asia and East Asia, a major transport means in some
countries in the region.
MC is a significant source of pollution for the cities in SouthEast Asia and Eat Asia. Especially for 2 stroke MC used in
some countries in the region.
MC population is still increasing and will be dangerous to the
environment if no action to be taken.
Cleaner fuels program is an encouraging measure.
Catalytics is being researched, tested to speed up its
application in some countries in the region.
Many countries have type approval test for motorcycles.
Mandatory emissions test and Roadside test are the main
measures to control MC emissions.
Sustainability
Road Transport
German Experiences in Emission and
Roadworthiness Testing for 2 & 3
Wheelers
Speaker
: Mr. Axel Richter
Organization : TÜV Nord
Country
: Germany
German Experiences in Emission
and Roadworthiness testing for 2 & 3
Wheelers
Key Data for Germany
Data for 2005:
nb. of registered vehicles > 50 ccm: 3 902 512*
nb. of registered vehicles < 50 ccm: 1 749957*
milage / year:
milage / year for passenger cars:
4220 km
12000 km
percentage for 2 & 3 wheelers of the
overall milage accumulation in
Germany:
* source: KBA, Germany
2,5 %
Wheelers
Data for 2001:
Emissons:
36.000 t/year *
HC:
NOx:
<
5.500 t/year *
percentage of the overall emissions
accumulation for 2 & 3 wheelers in
Germany:
HC:
20 % *
NOx:
<1%*
* source: IFEU/TREMOD 10/02
Wheelers
Usage of 2 & 3 Wheelers:
3 wheelers are very rare in Germany
90% of the vehicles are used for fun or hobby
Two – stroke motorcycles with high HCEmissions are mostly used in cities
Most trouble for the majority of the population
in Germany causes noise and ruthless driving
Owners of 2 wheelers have more or less
experiences in repair work. That lead to a lot
of self-made tuning measures and tampering
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection:
Periodic Inspection
Roadworthiness testing since 1951
Test-period: every 24 month
Emission testing for 2 wheelers with
more than 50 ccm cylinder capacity registered
after 1989 since 01.04.2006
Test-period: every 24 month
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Test-Station
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Registration and payment
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Identification
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Visual inspection:
Components in accordance with the
production
Leakages
Manupulations, Tampering
Dangerous damages
Corrosion
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Lights inspection
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Brake test
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Tires
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Steering
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Noise measurement after the subjective
decission of the test engineer
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Test report and sticker
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Statistics
T O P d e f e c t s o f b i k e s u n d e r 12 5 c c m
T ot a l A mount of v e hi c l e s
P T I D a t a 0 1- 0 6 . 2 0 0 6
17. 919
Br ake l i ni ngs f r ont, abr asi on l i mi ts ar r i ved at
1,1%
1,1%
Ti r es r ear , wear l i mi ts exeeded
0,7%
Chai n wor n
0,7%
Br ake l i ghts #
0,5%
Low-beam headl amp set too l ow
0,5%
Ref l ector r ear mi ssi ng
0,4%
Li cense pl ate i l l umi nati on wi thout f uncti on
0,4%
Low-beam headl amp set i ncor r ectl y (hei ght, di r ecti on)
0,4%
Headset bear i ng has stoppi ng posi ti ons
0,4%
0
50
100
150
N umbe r of D e f e c t s
200
250
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Statistics
T ot a l A mount of v e hi c l e s
25. 298
T O P 10 d ef ect s o f b ikes l ar g er t han 10 0 0 ccm
PT I D at a 0 1- 0 6 . 2 0 0 6
Ref l ector r ear mi ssi ng
1,8%
0,7%
Ti r es r ear por ous, deter i or ati on cr acks
Li cense pl ate i l l umi nati on wi thout f uncti on
0,6%
Br ake l i ghts
0,5%
Ti r es f r ont, wear l i mi ts under -r un
0,5%
0,4%
0,4%
Br ake l i ni ngs r ear , abr asi on l i mi ts ar r i ved at
Di r ecti on-i ndi cator l amps
0,4%
Si de mar ker l amp f r ont wi thout f uncti on
0,4%
Exter i or mi r r or
0,3%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
N umbe r of de f e c t s
350
400
450
500
Periodic Inspection
Wheelers
Emission Test
Procedure
Engine heat up to working temperature
Engine idle speed measurement
CO measurement
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Emission Test
Test equipment
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Emission Test
Measurement
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
Emission Test
Test report and sticker
Wheelers
Periodic Inspection
First results
The emission test is practical and repeatable
Preconditioning is important
5,5 % of the motorcycles failt the emission
test
Summary & Conclusions
Wheelers
3 wheelers are not used in Germany
Compared with the Asian region motorcycles
above 50ccm are mostly used for hobby or fun
Most trouble for the majority of the population
in Germany causes noise and ruthless driving
The PTI results show that it is necessary to have a
regular inspection
Summary & Conclusions
Wheelers
Due to the fact, that in Europe the exhaust
emissions from trucks and passenger cars are on a
very low level, real world exhaust emissions from
motorcycles becomes more and more important
After the collection of experience with the
subjective assessment of the noise level through
PTI it should be decided to measure noise
obligatory
Experience from Germany could be overtaken to
Asian countries under consideration of the special
situations in each country
THANK YOU
Axel Richter
TÜV NORD Mobilität GmbH & Co.KG.
CITA aisbl
International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee
Rue de la Technologie 21-25
B-1082 BRUSSELS (Belgium)
TEL.: + 32 2 469 06 70
FAX: + 32 2 469 07 95
e-mail: [email protected]
www.cita-vehicleinspection.org
Activities and General Schedule
Thursday 19 October
TIME
EVENT
LOCATION
WSH SESSION 3
11.00 – 12.30
12.30 – 14.00
WSH 1 - Asia/Australasia – Today’s
Situation and Future Developments
FUNCTION ROOM 1+2
WSH 2 - Europe – Future Options for
Roadworthiness Enforcement
FUNCTION ROOM 6
WSH 4 - Brake Testing
FUNCTION ROOM 7
WSH 7 - Emerging Technologies and their
Impact on Vehicle Inspection
FUNCTION ROOM 3
BUFFET LUNCH
GRAND BALLROOM 3
WSH SESSION 4
14.00 – 15.30
WSH 3 - Emission Testing
FUNCTION ROOM 6
WSH 5 - Vehicle Inspection – Cooperation
with Stakeholders
FUNCTION ROOM 1+2
WSH 6 - Intelligent Vehicle Inspection
FUNCTION ROOM 7
18.15
DEPARTURE FOR HALONG BAY
HOTEL LOBBY
22.00
Arrival at the hotel in Hotel at Halong
Bay
Check in and dinner at the
hotel

Roadworthiness test procedure

Transcription

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