NGS Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment

Transcription

SUPPORTING DOCUMENT 8
STAGE 1 AND 2
ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
FOR THE NAPANEE GENERATING STATION
Prepared For:
Prepared By:
Advance Archaeology
January 2014
STAGE 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
FOR THE NAPANEE GENERATING STATION,
PART OF LOTS 19, 20, AND 21, CONCESSION 1,
GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF SOUTH FREDERICKSBURGH IN THE
COUNTY OF LENNOX & ADDINGTON,
NOW IN THE TOWN OF GREATER NAPANEE
Original Report
Prepared By:
Advance Archaeology
Licenced to: Donna Morrison (P-121)
PIF#: P-121-117-2013
January 20, 2014
Advance Archaeology
P.O. Box 493,
Port Hope, Ontario
L1A 3Z4
Napanee Generating Station
Stage 1 & 2 Archaeological Assessment
Advance Archaeology
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
Advance Archaeology was contracted to conduct a Stage 1 and 2 archaeological
assessment for the proposed Napanee Generating Station (NGS), in compliance with the
requirements outlined in the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act and by the Ontario Ministry
of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS), as stated in the Ontario Heritage Act, the Ontario
Planning Act, and the Standards and Guidelines for Consulting Archaeologists (MTC 2011b).
The NGS site (referred to herein as the subject property) is a 38-hectare parcel of land located 13
km south of the Town of Napanee, immediately adjacent to the existing Lennox Generating
Station to the east of the intersection of County Road 21 and Highway 33 (the Loyalist Parkway)
on Part of Lots 19, 20 and 21, Concession 1 in the geographic Township of South
Fredericksburgh, County of Lennox & Addington (now in the Town of Greater Napanee). Stage
1 research indicated that, as outlined in the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant
Archaeologists (MTC 2011b), the undisturbed zones on the subject property are considered to be
of high archaeological potential due to their proximity to known archaeological sites, areas of
historic development, existing water sources, and historic transportation corridors. Consultation
with representatives from The Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte First Nation confirmed their
interest in participating in and monitoring the archaeological assessments of the subject property.
A Stage 2 archaeological assessment was recommended and testing on the subject property took
place at high-potential transect intervals wherever there were no constraints due to groundsurface conditions such as exposed bedrock or standing water. The subject lands consist of
roughly one-third cultivated agricultural fields, one-third wooded/scrub vegetation with a
secondary watercourse, and one-third that was heavily disturbed previously and forms part of the
existing Lennox Generating Station storage yards and access roads.
The relatively undisturbed central and eastern thirds of the subject property were assessed
using pedestrian survey for the cultivated agricultural fields at the east end and using test-pit
survey for the poorly-drained central area, in accordance with the Standards & Guidelines for
Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011b). The Stage 2 assessment was conducted under clear
conditions in June and July of 2013. Ground surface visibility for the pedestrian survey of the
agricultural fields was greater than 80%. Test-pit survey of the central third of the subject
property was conducted in July and the transect interval of 5m was frequently interrupted due to
the presence of exposed limestone bedrock or standing water. The Stage 2 assessment resulted
in the discovery of only a single artifact, which was an aboriginal pre-contact projectile point
possibly dating to the Middle Woodland time period, circa 300 B.C. to A.D. 700. This isolated
artifact was recovered during pedestrian survey of one of the ploughed fields. Despite the
subsequent use of intensified pedestrian survey at 1m transect intervals in this area, no other
artifacts were recovered from this part of the property; consequently, the projectile point is
considered to be an isolated find, or “findspot”, according the MTCS standards, and likely was
an arrowhead lost during hunting activities. No other artifacts of any kind were recovered during
the remainder of the pedestrian survey or during the test-pit survey. Given these results, it is
recommended that there is no further cultural heritage value or interest on the subject property.
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TableofContents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. i 1.0 PROJECT PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 PROJECT CONTEXT ............................................................................................................. 1 2.1 Development Context ........................................................................................................ 1 2.2 Historical Context .............................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Archaeological Context ..................................................................................................... 4 3.0 STAGE 1 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 5 4.0 STAGE 2 FIELD METHODS ................................................................................................. 6 5.0 RECORD OF FINDS............................................................................................................... 7 6.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................... 8 7.0 STAGE 2 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 8 8.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION .......................................................... 8 9.0 REFERENCES CITED............................................................................................................ 9 10.0 IMAGES ................................................................................................................................ 11 Image 1:
Image 2:
Image 3:
Image 4:
Image 5:
Image 6:
Image 7:
Image 8:
Image 9:
Image 10:
Image 11:
Image 12:
Image 13:
Image 14:
View to Southwest of Laydown and Storage Yards on the Existing Lennox
Generating Station at the Western End of the Subject Property. .................... 11 View to North of Laydown and Storage Yards on the Existing Lennox
Generating Station at the Western End of the Subject Property. .................... 11 View to Northwest of Field Conditions for Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey on
Eastern Third of Subject Property................................................................... 12 View to North of Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey in Progress. .............................. 12 Close-up View of 90% Surface Visibility for the Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey. 13 View to West of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey. ........... 13 View to North of Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey in Progress. .............................. 14 View to Southwest of Pre-Contact Findspot (Projectile Point) Recovered
During Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey. ................................................................. 14 View to Northwest of Standing Water Low-Potential Zone at East End of
Subject Property. ............................................................................................. 15 View to Northwest of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey of
the Access Road Section of the Subject Property. .......................................... 15 View to West of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey of the
Access Road Section of the Subject Property. ................................................ 16 View to South of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Test-Pit Survey of the
Access Road Section of the Subject Property. ................................................ 16 View to North of Heavily Disturbed Gravel Farm Lane (exempt from Stage 2
Test-Pit Survey of the Access Road Section of the Subject Property). .......... 17 View to Northeast of Exposed Limestone Bedrock in Complex Potential
Zone. ............................................................................................................... 17 ii
Image 15:
Image 16:
Image 17:
Image 18:
Image 19:
Image 20:
Image 21:
MAPS
Map 11.1:
Map 11.2:
Map 11.3:
Map 11.4:
Map 11.5:
Map 11.6:
Map 11.7:
Advance Archaeology
View to Northeast of Standing Water in Complex Potential Zone. ................ 18 View to West of Standing Water in Complex Potential Zone. ....................... 18 View to East of Drainage Ditch in Complex Potential Zone. ......................... 19 View to Northwest of Stage 2 Test-Pit Survey in Progress in Complex
Potential Zone. ................................................................................................ 19 View to Southwest of Stage 2 Test-Pit Survey in Progress in Complex
Potential Zone. ................................................................................................ 20 View to North of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Test-Pit Survey in the
Complex Potential Zone. ................................................................................ 20 21 Pre-contact Projectile Point Recovered During Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey. .. 21 Location of Subject Property in Lennox & Addington County (Map Provided
by TransCanada) ............................................................................................. 22 Aerial View of Proposed NGS Site Location, Outlined in Yellow Existing
Lennox GS facilities and other lands owned by OPG are outlined in red (Map
Provided by TransCanada) .............................................................................. 23 Preliminary Site Plan Showing Layout of the Major Components of the NGS
(Plan Provided by TransCanada) .................................................................... 24 Aerial Photo Showing Location of Subject Property (shaded in red) for the
Proposed Napanee Generating Station. The Subject Property includes the
location of the proposed NGS, additional landscaping on the southwest corner,
and a temporary access road on the southeast corner. .................................... 25 Site Plan showing the Locations of the Main Facilities on the East Side of the
Proposed Napanee Generating Station (Base Map Provided by TransCanada)
......................................................................................................................... 26 Site Plan showing the Locations of the Construction Laydown Area and
Temporary Access Road on the West Side of the Proposed Napanee
Generating Station. ......................................................................................... 27 Zones of Archaeological Potential and Stage 2 Assessment Methodology
Map. ................................................................................................................ 28 Appendix A: Artifact Catalogue for Napanee Generating Station ............................................ 29 Supplementary Documentation………………………………………………… Attached Package
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1.0 PROJECTPERSONNEL
Project Director:
Donna Morrison (P-121)
Field Director:
Justin Tighe (R-421)
Field Technicians:
Myles Allen, Derek LaMarche, Kris Martin
2.0 PROJECTCONTEXT
2.1
DevelopmentContext
In compliance with the requirements of the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act
(2012), as well as the Ontario Heritage Act, the Ontario Planning Act, and the Ontario Ministry
of Tourism, Culture, and Sport (MTCS) regarding land development (as stated in the 2011
Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists), a contract to carry out a Stage 1 and 2
archaeological assessment of the Napanee Generating Station (“NGS”) was awarded to Advance
Archaeology, to assess the project’s impact on cultural heritage resources. The NGS is subject to
the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act and requires an Environmental Assessment (EA) be
undertaken in accordance with Regulation 116/01, including the Ministry of the Environment’s
(MOE) “Guide to Environmental Assessment Requirements for Electricity Projects” (MOE
2011). Potential issues that fall under Federal jurisdiction are also being anticipated and were
addressed by the proponent separately. The key product of this process is an Environmental
Review Report summarizing details on the anticipated environmental effects of the NGS, how to
mitigate these effects, and the results of public and agency consultation. This archaeological
assessment report is being included in the Environmental Review Report.
The subject property is located in a rural agricultural area roughly 13 km south of the
Town of Greater Napanee, on the north side of Loyalist Parkway (Highway 33) and east of
County Road 21; it is immediately east of the existing Ontario Power Generation Lennox
Generating Station and is accessible through the Lennox Generating Station as well as by farm
access lanes off of Highway 33 (see Maps 11.1, 11.2, and 11.3 in Section 11.0). The legal
description of the subject property is Part of Lots 19, 20, and 21 in Concession 1 of geographic
Fredericksburgh Township in Lennox & Addington County, now in the Town of Greater
Napanee. It is a 38-hectare parcel of land that currently includes: cultivated agricultural lands at
the east end; a secondary water course and drainage ditch that pass through a poorly drained
central section of land with mature trees, scrub vegetation, and exposed limestone bedrock; and
part of the existing Ontario Power Generation Inc. (Ontario Power) Lennox Generating Station’s
laydown yards and access roads at the west end. A small, curved corridor of land at the eastern
end of the subject property will serve as an access road for construction equipment and vehicles
entering the property from Highway 33; it consists of an existing gravel lane used by farmers to
access the agricultural fields, as well as small sections of the adjacent ploughed field and
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unploughed field edges. The southwestern end of the subject property will serve as additional
landscaping and will occur on existing Lennox Generating Station property.
The NGS will be a 970 MW natural gas-fuelled, combined-cycle generating station,
which uses both gas and steam turbines to effectively and efficiently produce power. Natural gas
will be supplied through an existing Union Gas connection. Electrical connection will be through
the Hydro One Networks Inc. (Hydro One) existing electrical transmission switchyard located at
the Lennox GS site immediately adjacent the subject property. Water will be supplied from
OPG’s existing forebay and discharged to a discharge channel. Also located adjacent to the
subject property is an existing rail line which may be used to transport equipment during
construction. The development of the NGS will be completed in several phases, including site
preparation, construction, operation, and decommissioning.
Project Director for this Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment is Donna Morrison. This
report was written by Donna Morrison, with Maps 11.1 to 11.3 in Section 11.0 provided by the
proponent and additional maps drafted by Dale Bateman. The Stage 1 site visit was undertaken on
April 17, 2013, and Stage 2 fieldwork was undertaken on June 27, July 2, and July 31, 2013 with
Justin Tighe acting as field director and Myles Allen, Derek LaMarche, and Kris Martin as Field
Technicians. All fieldwork was carried out under excellent weather and lighting conditions. Any
documentation generated in relation to the subject property is shown in this report. Photographic
images taken during this assessment are found in Section 10.0. The Project Information Form
(PIF) number for this Stage 1 and 2 assessment is P121-117-2013, and permission to enter the
property for the purpose of conducting the assessment was granted by the proponent. Aboriginal
engagement and consultation is described in detail in the Supplementary Documentation Package.
2.2
HistoricalContext
The subject property is located on the north shore of Lake Ontario, south of the town of
Napanee, in the geographic Township of South Fredericksburgh in the County of Lennox &
Addington (now in the Town of Greater Napanee). Settlement by Euro-Canadians began in this
area in 1784. Many of the earliest settlers of the townships along the shores of the Bay of Quinte
were United Empire Loyalists who left the United States during the Revolutionary War
(Meacham 1878) and discharged veterans of that war. The lands in this region were included in
the Midland District until 1851 when they became part of Lennox County, which subsequently
merged with Addington County in 1903.
The Township of Fredericksburgh was named after Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of
Sussex. The lots of this township were surveyed to be deep and narrow in order to maximize the
number of lots with frontage on the Bay of Quinte. The Township was separated into North and
South Fredericksburgh in 1857 (sfredheritage.on.ca 2013).
The town of Napanee, which is situated 13 km northeast of the Bay of Quinte, was the
original County Seat of Lennox & Addington County and had one of the oldest established mills
in Ontario. In fact, the name “Napanee” is an aboriginal word that means “the place of the mill”
(Saturday Globe 1893). Napanee also had a station on the Grand Trunk Railway line, built in
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1856, with a smaller rural stop to the south in Fredericksburgh Station. On the south side of the
Napanee River is the Napanee Golf and Country Club, which is the second-oldest 9-hole golf
course in Canada, being established in 1897. The subject property, which is south of Napanee in
geographic South Fredericksburgh Township, is close to the villages of Sandhurst and Hawley.
A major roadway (the Loyalist Parkway or Highway 33) runs along the southern edge of the
subject property and it was the earliest land route along the shore of the Bay of Quinte through
Bath and Adolphustown to the ferry across the Bay to Prince Edward County; it was also an
important transportation corridor between Napanee and the surrounding farms and settlements
like Sandhurst and Hawley. In 1998, the town of Napanee was amalgamated with the Townships
of Adolphustown, Richmond, North Fredericksburgh, and South Fredericksburgh, to form the
Town of Greater Napanee.
The 1878 Meacham historical atlas map for South Fredericksburgh Township shows the
location of the lots and concessions as well as historical roads and buildings, if present, at that
time. The subject property is located on parts of Lots 19, 20, and 21, Concession 1 of South
Fredericksburgh Township. Originally, Lots 19 and 21 were split into east and west halves of
100 acres each, while Lot 20 was an undivided 200-acre lot. However, between the time of the
original Crown Patents on these lots (which were granted between 1797 and 1803), the lots were
re-divided into parcels of different sizes and shapes, as described below. The earliest of the three
original grantees was Corporal Jacob Pettingil, who would have been a discharged soldier from
the Rogers Corps (sfredheritage.on.ca 2013).
At the time when the Meacham Township map was made in 1878, Lot 19 was divided
into a 150-acre west parcel (which was owned at that time by Hugh McCaugherty), and a 50-acre
east parcel (which was owned at that time by Stewart Craven). The 1878 map shows two houses
at the south end of McCaugherty’s parcel and one house at the south end of Craven’s parcel, all
three of which front on Highway 33. In 1878, Lot 20 was divided into a 100-acre west parcel
(owned at that time by Stewart Craven), while the east half was split into a northern 33-acre
parcel (owned by George Clapper) and a southern 70-acre parcel (owned by Lewis Grant). The
only house shown on Lot 20 is at the south end of Grant’s land, fronting on Highway 33. Lot 21
was divided into three parcels: a 100-acre parcel making up the southwest portion of the lot
(belonging at that time to J.R. Denne), a 50-acre parcel to the north of Denne’s land (owned by
George Clapper), and a narrow 50-acre parcel making up the eastern lot edge (owned by Mrs.
Mary Howard). In terms of houses on Lot 21, there were two shown on the 1878 map on
Denne’s parcel and on Mrs. Howard’s parcel, all three of which were at the south end of the lot
and fronting on Highway 33. John R. Denne was an Ontario-born farmer who settled there in
1829; he served on the South Fredericksburgh Council from 1882-1884 and served as Reeve in
1885 (sfredheritage.on.ca 2013).
In summary, there were (in 1878) a total of seven houses at the south end of Lots 19, 20,
and 21, all fronting on the north side of the main road. However, over the years, the path of the
road has been shifted to the north of the original road in this area. Consequently, four of the
houses listed above would now lie to the south of where Highway 33 currently passes, including
the house on Craven’s part of Lot 19, the house on Grant’s land on the east half of Lot 20, and
the two houses on Denne’s part of Lot 21. Three houses were located on what is now the
shoulder of Highway 33, including the two houses on McCaugherty’s part of Lot 19 and the one
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house on Mrs. Howard’s part of Lot 21. The two houses on McCaugherty’s land were destroyed
during the re-routing of Highway 33 and/or during construction of the existing Lennox
Generating Station. The house on Mrs. Howard’s land could also have been destroyed during
highway construction. Even though there are no houses currently standing at these three
locations there could still be sub-surface remnants of foundations and other structural remains, as
well as artifacts relating to the occupation of these houses, on the subject property. Also, these
houses are the houses that existed when the 1878 map was made, so it is possible that earlier
houses and cabins were located on the southern parts of all three lots, as well, given the early
date of settlement in this area (late 1700s). Consequently, structural remains and associated
artifact assemblages from such earlier buildings could also be buried on the subject property.
Therefore, in terms of early structures, there were three known houses, but no other
buildings or features such as schools, churches, or mills, shown on the subject property on the
1878 Meacham map. Furthermore, an 18th/19th-century transportation corridor (now Highway
33) runs along the southern edge of the subject property. Also nearby are the villages of
Sandhurst and Hawley, which had numerous industries, shops, and services such as post offices.
Therefore, this area has a lengthy history of Euro-Canadian settlement, including agricultural and
residential use of the subject property and adjacent lands dating back to at least the late 1700s.
2.3
ArchaeologicalContext
The subject property falls within the Napanee Plain physiographic region of southern
Ontario (Chapman and Putnam 1984). This region is a flat-to-undulating plain of limestone (of
both the Gull River and Bobcaygeon Formations) stripped of most of the overburden during the
last period of glaciation (Chapman and Putnam 1984:186). With the town of Napanee at its
geographic centre, this region is roughly 1100 square kilometres in size, with soils generally only
a few inches deep. (Chapman & Putnam 1984).
The subject property is located within a drumlinized clay plain, with three drumlins
located between 1 and 3 kilometres to the west. The southern property edge ranges from
approximately 30m to 200m north of the shoreline of Lake Ontario. The property is fairly flat
and is comprised of: roughly 34% cultivated agricultural lands at the east end; 33% undeveloped
areas with trees, a drainage ditch, a secondary watercourse, exposed limestone bedrock, and
sections of standing water in the centre; and 33% that forms part of storage yards at the existing
Lennox Generating Station at the west end.
The agricultural lands at the east end of the subject property were once part of farms that
were settled in the late 1700s and early 1800s (see Map 3 in Section 8.0) and, apart from the
early forest-clearing activities, there has been relatively little prior soil disturbance on this third
of the subject property (see Images 3 to 11 in Section 10.0). The central portion has been
previously affected by construction of a drainage ditch but it is otherwise relatively undeveloped
(see Images 12 to 20 in Section 10.0), whereas the western third of the subject property consists
of extensively disturbed large laydown and storage yards that are part of the existing Lennox
Generating Station (see Images 1 and 2 in Section 10.0). These features are also shown on Maps
11.2, 11.3, 11.4, and 11.7 in Section 11.0.
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A search of the archaeological sites database, which is maintained by MTCS, was
conducted by data co-ordinator Robert von Bitter. The results of this database search revealed
that there are no registered archaeological sites located on the subject property. However, within
a radius of 1 km of the subject property there are four registered archaeological sites. All four of
these sites were registered following an archaeological survey of Highway 33 that was conducted
by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario in 1995, prior to road upgrades for Highway
33/Loyalist Parkway. Three of the registered sites are Euro-Canadian homestead sites dating to
the late 1700s and early 1800s, which had been previously disturbed during construction
activities relating to the highway and the existing Lennox Generating Station. Artifact
assemblages for these three sites included domestic materials such as fragments of ceramic
tableware, metal, and animal bones. The fourth site (the “Upper Gap” site) also had a disturbed
Euro-Canadian homestead component from the same time period as the other three nearby sites;
however, there were also three Late Woodland aboriginal components in two separate habitation
areas that included lines of subsoil post moulds from the walls of longhouses, in addition to
ceramic, botanical and faunal artifacts, and burial features (Murphy 1997). The earliest
component at the Upper Gap site dated to the Early Ontario Iroquois Tradition, which is from
A.D. 700-800 (Wright 1966). Another component belonging to the Pickering Branch of the
Early Ontario Iroquois Tradition had indications of multiple occupations of the site during the
time period between A.D. 900 and 1200. The latest occupation of the site was during the Middle
Ontario Iroquois Tradition, circa A.D. 1300-1400. This site has experienced a great deal of
disturbance over the years, during the early construction of homes and other farm buildings,
during their subsequent demolition in the late 1960s, and during the construction of the original
road and subsequent highway upgrades. Additional details regarding the pre-contact components
of the Upper Gap site are provided in the Aboriginal Engagement and Consultation section of the
Supplementary Documentation Package.
3.0 STAGE1RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results of the Stage 1 archaeological assessment, the following three
recommendations are made:
(1) That a Stage 2 archaeological assessment be conducted on all undisturbed lands that will
be affected by the NGS; these lands are shown in yellow, purple, and green on Map 11.5 of
Section 11.0.
(2) That the lands where extensive soil disturbance has previously taken place (i.e., the large
storage yards and roads at the existing Lennox Generating Station) be exempt from the Stage
2 assessment; these lands are shown in grey on Map 11.5 of Section 11.0.
(3) That engagement and consultation with the aboriginal community be continued,
including their participation in the Stage 2 assessment, if desired, as outlined in Sections 3.4
and 3.5 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011b) and the
Technical Bulletin on Engaging Aboriginal Communities in Archaeology (MTC 2011a).
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4.0 STAGE2FIELDMETHODS
Based on the results of the Stage 1 assessment, the subject property is considered to have
high archaeological potential, according to the Standards and Guidelines used by MTCS (MTC
2011b), due to its proximity to nearby registered archaeological sites, areas of historic
development, sources of water, historic transportation routes, and topographical features
favoured for settlement. Consequently, a Stage 2 archaeological assessment was recommended
for the undisturbed portions of the subject property. Map 11.5 illustrates the areas to be assessed
by test-pit survey and pedestrian survey during the Stage 2 assessment, based on their ground
conditions. The pedestrian survey was conducted in all of the cultivated agricultural fields at the
east end of the subject property (see Images 3 to 11 in Section 10.0), while the test-pit survey
was conducted on the remainder of the undisturbed lands in the central third of the subject
property (see Images 12 to 20 in Section 10.0). The eastern third of the subject property had
been extensively and deeply disturbed during construction of the existing generating station (see
Images 1 and 2 in Section 10.0) and was considered to be of low archaeological potential; as a
result, it was exempt from Stage 2 testing. Stage 2 survey methodologies are illustrated in Map
11.5, and Map 1 in the Supplementary Documentation Package shows the location, number, and
orientation of Stage 2 report photos as well as the location of the artifact findspot.
In accordance with the MTCS standards (MTC 2011b), the undisturbed parts of the
subject property were surveyed at high-potential 5-metre transect intervals wherever this was not
constrained by ground-surface conditions such as the presence of standing water or exposed
limestone bedrock (which was only the case in the complex central third of the property). All
shovel tests were a minimum of 30cm in diameter, and were excavated into the upper 5cm of
subsoil or to limestone bedrock. All test-pits were examined for evidence of cultural features,
stratigraphy, or evidence of disturbance. All test-pit fill was processed using 6mm mesh rocker
screens. All test-pits were backfilled. As per Standard 4, Section 2.1.2 (MTC 2011b) test-pits
were excavated to within 1m of all built structures where possible. The Supplementary
Documentation Package provides location information for all artifacts recovered during Stage 2
assessment in the form of maps and GPS co-ordinates.
Approximately one third of the subject property was open agricultural field suitable for
pedestrian survey. This area was prepared and surveyed as per Standards 2-6 of Section 2.1.1
(MTC 2011b), with surface visibility of 80% or higher, as seen in Images 3 to 11 in Section
10.0). In the areas of standing surface water there was complete saturation of the soil as well as
visible surface water (see Image 9 in Section 10.0). These wet areas were excluded from Stage 2
assessment as per Standard 2.a.i., Section 2.1. During pedestrian survey, if any artifacts were
recovered, survey transects were reduced to 1m intervals for 20m in all directions from the
location of the artifacts, as per Standard 7, Section 2.1.1 (MTC 2011b). All collected artifacts
were to be flagged and marked by handheld GPS unit (see Image 8 in Section 10.0).
The central third of the subject property was surveyed using test pit survey. This area
consisted of lands located between the ploughed fields to the immediate east and the previouslydisturbed lands that are part of the existing Lennox Generating Station to the immediate west.
The test-pitted lands were covered in scrub vegetation, grasses, weeds, and mature trees as well
as containing sections of standing water, reeds, and exposed limestone bedrock (see Images 14,
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15, & 16 in Section 10.0); consequently, these lands were not considered suitable for pedestrian
survey as per Standard 1.a. Section 2.1.2 (MTC 2011b). Areas surveyed by test-pitting at 5metre intervals (wherever possible) are shown in Images 12 to 20 in Section 10.0. However,
survey transects were frequently interrupted in this complex-potential zone due to constraints
posed by ground-surface conditions. A large drainage ditch and steep-sided gully near the
perimeter fencing at the east end of the Lennox Generating Station storage yards were also
present (see Images 17 and 20 in Section 10.0).
A small, curved corridor of land at the easternmost end of the subject property, which
will serve an access road for construction equipment and vehicles entering the property from
Highway 33, includes an existing gravel lane as well as small sections of the adjacent ploughed
field and unploughed field edges. The access road location is shown in Maps 11.4, 11.6, and
11.7 in Section 11.0). The gravel lane was extensively disturbed during its construction (see
Image 13 in Section 10.0) and, as such, was exempt from Stage 2 testing. The small sections of
ploughed field that are included in the access road lands had greater than 80% surface visibility
and were assessed by pedestrian survey (see Images 10 and 11 in Section 10.0), while the
unploughed, overgrown field edges that will be part of the access road were assessed by test-pit
survey at high-potential 5m intervals (see Image 12 in Section 10.0), as per MTCS standards
(MTC 2011b).
5.0 RECORDOFFINDS
Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the subject property resulted in the recovery of a
single pre-contact artifact (see Image 21): a corner-notched projectile point that is similar in
morphology to “Jack’s Reef”-style points recovered from numerous sites throughout Ontario that
belong to the Point Peninsula Complex of the Middle Woodland time period, circa 300 B.C. to
A.D. 700 (Spence, Pihl & Murphy 1990). It measures 46.0mm in length, 28.5mm in width at
the shoulders, and 7.1mm in thickness. It was made from a thin flake of Onondaga chert and
shows flake scars from the secondary thinning and shaping process as well as pressure-flaking
scars along the lateral and basal margins. Scars are visible on one of the basal tangs and both of
the shoulders, where small corner pieces had snapped off. A catalogue is provided as Appendix
A, and location information for this artifact findspot is provided as GPS co-ordinates and Map 1
in the Supplementary Documentation. The projectile point was cleaned, analysed, and
catalogued, and is stored in a plastic container measuring 5cm by 5cm by 5cm at the Advance
Archaeology offices until such time as a permanent repository can be found.
Topsoil in the eastern agricultural fields is grey-brown clay loam averaging 25cm in
depth with an abrupt transition to tan/grey clay subsoil. In the central undisturbed zone, soils
were predominantly shallow heavy clay ranging in depth from 5cm to 20cm, interspersed with
large sections of exposed limestone bedrock.
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6.0 ANALYSISANDCONCLUSIONS
The pre-contact projectile point recovered during pedestrian survey closely resembles the
type known as “Jack’s Reef Corner-Notched”, which has been found at other sites of the Point
Peninsula Complex of the Middle Woodland time period, circa 300 B.C. to A.D. 700 (Spence,
Pihl & Murphy 1990). It was an isolated find, which is referred to as a “findspot” by MTCS, and
no other artifacts were recovered anywhere else on the subject property, despite the use of highpotential testing intervals and intensified testing in the area of recovery.
Since no other artifacts from either the pre-contact or post-contact periods were
recovered, this findspot was likely an isolated hunting loss and does not require Stage 3
assessment, as per Standard 1.c., Section 2.2 (MTC 2011b).
7.0 STAGE2RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results of the Stage 1 and Stage 2 archaeological assessments, the following
three recommendations are made:
(1) That the findspot where the aboriginal pre-contact projectile point was recovered does not
require any further assessment, as per Standard 1. c., Section 2.2 (MTC 2011b).
(2) That there is no further cultural heritage value or interest for the subject property.
(3) That monitoring of earth-moving activities in the eastern section of the subject property
immediately bordering on the north side of Highway 33 may be considered as a possible
extra measure of due diligence, given its proximity to a known archaeological site
nearby.
8.0 ADVICEONCOMPLIANCEWITHLEGISLATION
a. This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism, Culture, and Sport as a condition of
licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18. The
report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued
by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure
the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all
matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal
have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, and Sport a letter
will be issued by the Ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to
alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development.
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b. It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than
a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove
any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such
time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site,
submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or
interest , and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeology Reports
referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act.
c. Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new
archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The
proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site
immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological
fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act.
d. The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act,
2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human
remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of
Consumer Services.
9.0 REFERENCESCITED
Chapman, L.J. and D. F. Putnam
1984
The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Third Edition. Ontario Geological
Survey Special Volume 2.
Meacham, J.H. and Company
1878
Illustrated Historical Atlas of the Counties of Frontenac, Lennox and
Addington, Ontario. Toronto. Offset Edition published by Wilson Publishing
Company Ltd., Campbellford, Ontario, in 1999.
MTC (Ministry of Tourism and Culture)
2011a
Engaging Aboriginal Communities in Archaeology: A Draft Technical Bulletin
for Consultant Archaeologists in Ontario. Queen’s Printer for Ontario.
2011b
Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Queen’s Printer for
Ontario.
Murphy, Carl R.
1997
Preliminary Report of the 1997 Upper Gap (BaGe-2) Prehistoric Burial Site
Investigation (W.P. 151-70-01). Report submitted to Environmental Unit, Eastern
Region Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Kingston, Ontario.
9
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Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs, and Ontario Research Foundation
1984
Map # 2226: Physiography of the South Central Portion of Southern
Ontario.
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
1984
Ontario Geological Survey Map P.2715: Physiography of Southern
Ontario. Toronto.
The Saturday Globe
1893
“Napanee; The County Seat of Lennox and Addington”, in The Saturday Globe,
Saturday November 25, 1893. Toronto. Electronic document accessed at
http://www.sfredheritage.on.ca/Napanee.htm.
sfredheritage.on.ca
2013
Adolphustown-Fredericksburgh Heritage Website, formerly South
Fredericksburgh Heritage. Electronic document accessed at
http://www.sfredheritage.on.ca.
Spence,MichaelW.,RobertH.PihlandCarlR.Murphy
1990
Cultural Complexes of the Early and Middle Woodland Periods. Pp. 125 - 170 in
The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Edited by Chris J. Ellis
and Neal Ferris. Occasional Publications of the London Chapter OAS
Number 5. London.
Wright, J. V.
1966
The Ontario Iroquois Tradition. National Museum of Canada, Bulletin No. 210.
Ottawa.
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10.0 IMAGES
Image 1: View to Southwest of Laydown and Storage Yards on the Existing Lennox Generating
Station at the Western End of the Subject Property.
Image 2: View to North of Laydown and Storage Yards on the Existing Lennox Generating
Station at the Western End of the Subject Property.
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Image 3: View to Northwest of Field Conditions for Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey on Eastern Third
of Subject Property.
Image 4: View to North of Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey in Progress.
12
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Image 5: Close-up View of 90% Surface Visibility for the Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey.
Image 6: View to West of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey.
13
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Image 7: View to North of Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey in Progress.
Image 8: View to Southwest of Pre-Contact Findspot (Projectile Point) Recovered During Stage
2 Pedestrian Survey.
14
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Image 9: View to Northwest of Standing Water Low-Potential Zone at East End of Subject
Property.
Image 10: View to Northwest of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey of the
Access Road Section of the Subject Property.
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Image 11: View to West of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey of the Access
Road Section of the Subject Property.
Image 12: View to South of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Test-Pit Survey of the Access Road
Section of the Subject Property.
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Image 13: View to North of Heavily Disturbed Gravel Farm Lane (exempt from Stage 2 Test-Pit
Survey of the Access Road Section of the Subject Property).
Image 14: View to Northeast of Exposed Limestone Bedrock in Complex Potential Zone.
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Image 15: View to Northeast of Standing Water in Complex Potential Zone.
Image 16: View to West of Standing Water in Complex Potential Zone.
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Image 17: View to East of Drainage Ditch in Complex Potential Zone.
Image 18: View to Northwest of Stage 2 Test-Pit Survey in Progress in Complex Potential Zone.
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Image 19: View to Southwest of Stage 2 Test-Pit Survey in Progress in Complex Potential Zone.
Image 20: View to North of Field Conditions for the Stage 2 Test-Pit Survey in the Complex
Potential Zone.
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Image 21: Pre-contact Projectile Point Recovered During Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey.
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11.0 MAPS
Map 11.1: Location of Subject Property in Lennox & Addington County.
(Map Provided by TransCanada)
22
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Map 11.2: Aerial View of Proposed NGS Site Location, Outlined in Yellow.
Existing Lennox GS facilities and other lands owned by OPG are outlined in red.
(Map Provided by TransCanada)
23
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Map 11.3: Preliminary Site Plan Showing Layout of the Major Components of the NGS.
(Plan Provided by TransCanada)
1.
Gas turbine building containing two (2) combustion gas turbine and generators
2.
Steam turbine building containing one (1) steam turbine and generator
3.
Heat recovery steam generators (boilers) with emission reduction;
4.
Auxiliary boiler building
5.
Water treatment building
6.
Administration/control building
7.
Warehouse
8.
Natural gas compressor building containing three (3) natural gas compressors
9.
Mechanical draft evaporative cooling tower
10. Electrical switchyard
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Map 11.4: Aerial Photo Showing Location of Subject Property (shaded in red) for the
Proposed Napanee Generating Station.
The Subject Property includes the location of the proposed NGS, additional landscaping on the
southwest corner, and a temporary access road on the southeast corner.
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Map 11.5: Site Plan showing the Locations of the Main Facilities on the East Side of the
Proposed Napanee Generating Station.
(Base Map Provided by TransCanada)
26
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Map 11.6: Site Plan showing the Locations of the Construction Laydown Area and Temporary
Access Road on the West Side of the Proposed Napanee Generating Station.
(Base Map Provided by TransCanada)
27
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Map 11.7: Zones of Archaeological Potential and Stage 2 Assessment Methodology Map.
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AppendixA:ArtifactCatalogueforNapaneeGeneratingStation
Napanee Generating Station Artifact Catalogue Catalogue# Qty. Provenience Description 1 1 P1 Jack’s Reef‐style corner‐notched (Findspot) projectile point (Middle Woodland time period) 29
Material Onondaga chert

NGS Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment

Transcription

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