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Grass Genera
More Grass Genera ! Illustrated Achnatherum needle grasses; rice-grasses FIELD ID: 1) One-flowered 2) Lemma with bent, twisted awn 3) Cespitose 4) Hardened, sharpened callus Achnatherum hymenoides Aegilops goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica FIELD ID: 1) True spike with one spikelet per node borne flatwise to rachis and sunken into curvature of rachis 2) Disarticulation below the glumes 3) Lemmas with non-convergent veins 4) annual Avena oats FIELD ID: 1) Multi-flowered spikelets; 2) Large glumes > florets 3) Annual Brachypodium false-bromes Brachypodium sylvaticum FIELD ID: 1) Like Bromus but with a raceme-like panicle 2) Lemmas awned from tip (not bifid) 3) Open sheaths Beckmannia slough grass Beckmannia syzigachne FIELD ID: 1) Annual 2) Wet habitats 3) Spikelets distinctively 2 –ranked and overlapping 4) Glumes distinctively winged / inflated Catabrosa brookgrass; whorlgrass Catabrosa aquatica FIELD ID: 1) Spikelets 2-flowered 2) Lemmas with non-converging veins 3) Associated with moving water 4) Densely turf-forming 5) Partially closed sheaths Cenchrus longispinus bur-grasses FIELD ID: 1) Annual 2) Spikelets (2) surrounded by a spiny bur (of fused, modified branchlets) 3) Dry, sandy habitats; Eastern WA Cinna woodreed FIELD ID: 1) Freshwater shoreline habitats 2) Large, open panicle 3) spikelets 1-flowered 4) Lemma with short terminal awn Cinna latifolia Cynosurus dogtail FIELD ID: 1) Spike-like panicles 2) Spikelets dimorphic and paired: one fan-like and sterile, the other fertile and 2-3 flowered 3) Spikelets turned to one side of panicle (like Dactylis) 4) All lemmas awned 5) Annual Danthonia danthonia; oatgrass FIELD ID: 1) Multiple-flowered 2) All lemmas with bent and twisted awn arising at sinus of bifid apex 3) Ligule is a fringe of hairs 4) Cespitose 5) Dry habitats Eragrostis love grasses FIELD ID: 1) Many-flowered spikelets look like Cyperus spikes 2) Lemmas with non-convergent veins; no awns 3) Ligule a fringe of hairs 4) Annual or short-leaved perennial Eragrostis cilianensis Leersia oryzoides rice-cutgrass FIELD ID: 1) Perennial 2) Wet habitats, sometimes aquatic 3) Entire plant covered in retrorsely scabrous pubescence 4) 1-flowered; glumes absent Molinia caerulea purple moorgrass FIELD ID: 1) Strongly cespitose 2) Often wet habitats but tolerant of xeric 3) Ligule a fringe of hairs 4) Lemmas > glumes and neither bifid nor awned (like Danthonia) Muhlenbergia muhly grasses FIELD ID: 1) 1-flowered; similar in gestalt to Agrostis but… 2) Lemmas awned from tip (not back), or 3) Lemmas > >> glumes (not < << glumes) Panicum including Dicanthelium) panic grasses FIELD ID: 1) Often annual of disturbed habitats 2) Spikelet dorso-ventrally compressed 3) 2-flowered but lowermost sterile 4) First glume << second glume 5) Second glume and first lemma completely enclosing the second (fertile) floret 6) Ligule a fringe of hairs Panicum virgatum Phragmites common reed Phragmites australis New inflorescence Old inflorescence Phragmites common reed Phragmites australis ssp. australis (NON-NATIVE) • Very dense, monotypic stands with both live and dead stems • Sheaths adhere tightly and persistently • Not so much red pigmentation at node and internodes • Leaves bluer, darker • Very aggressive; culms to 15 feet tall Phragmites australis ssp. americanus (NATIVE) • Loose stands, in mixed communities; stands with only live stems • Sheaths adhere loosely and are not persistent • Red pigmentation at node and internodes • Leaves less blue, less dark • Not so aggressive; culms delicate to less than 15 feet tall Pleuropogon semaphore grass FIELD ID: 1) Inflorescence raceme-like 2) Turf-forming 3) Lemma with non-converging veins 4) Wet to moist shady habitats 5) Partially closed sheaths Pleuropogon refractus Sclerochloa hardgrass Sclerochloa dura Potentially confused with Poa annua FIELD ID: 1) Annual, diminutive; Eastern WA 2) Lemmas with non-convergent veins 3) Closed sheaths 4) 3-flowered spikelets Sporobolus dropseeds FIELD ID: 1) Ligule membranous with fringe of hairs 2) Panicles open within sheaths 3) 1-flowered 4) seed loose in pericarp, this usually opening when ripe Trisetum trisetum FIELD ID: 1) Like Danthonia, but ligule is membranous (not a fringe of hairs) 2) Cespitose Ventenata ventenata First collected in WA in 1952 FIELD ID: 1) Annual 2) Three flowers per spikelet, first with straight awn; two upper lemmas each with a bent, twisted awn