TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN INSEMINASI BUATAN (1)

Transcription

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS
TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN
INSEMINASI BUATAN (1)
KH SEMESTER V
DISIAPKAN OLEH
Prof.Dr.drh.Pratiwi, Ts, MS.
10/20/2012
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T I U : SETELAH MENYELESAIKAN MATA KULIAH INI
MAHASISWA DAPAT MENGERTI DAN TERMOTIVASI
MEMPELAJARI TENTANG TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI
DAN INSEMINASI BUATAN (IB)
Setelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa dapat
mengerti dan termotivasi mempelajari tentang teknologi
reproduksi secara umum, dan manfaat dan kegunaannya
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TIK:
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Mhs dapat mengetahui informasi proses belajar
mengajar, pengertian dan manfaat teknologi
reproduksi.
Mahasiswa memahami peralatan dan cara
penampungan semen serta prosedur evaluasi semen
Penampungan Semen dan Evaluasi Semen
Pengenalan jenis alat, bagian-bagian dan fungsi
alat
Metode penampungan semen
teknik penanganan ejakulat
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Deskripsi
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Dalam mata kuliah ini dibicarakan mengenai Teknik
penampungan dan evaluasi semen, pembuatan
semen cair, pembuatan semen beku, inseminasi
buatan, sinkronisasi estrus, super ovulasi, fertilisasi in
vitro dan embrio transfer.
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Tujuan Intruksional Umum
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Setelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa
diharapkan menguasai
teknik penampungan
• evaluasi semen,
pembuatan semen cair,
pembuatan semen beku,
• inseminasi buatan,
• sinkronisasi estrus,
• super ovulasi,
• fertilisasi in vitro
• embrio transfer.
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TIK : Inseminasi Buatan
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Mahasiswa dapat mengerti dan mempraktekkan
teknik IB, peralatan, dan sistem pencatatan dan
penilaian hasil
Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat serta kerugian IB
Peralatan dan fungsi bagian alat IB, teknik merakit
alat IB
Deteksi estrus, waktu optimum untuk IB, tempat
deposisi semen
Prosedur IB; dosis IB, teknik IB pada sapi, kerbau,
kambing/domba
Sistem pencatatan dan penilaian hasil IB
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TUJUAN AI
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PEJANTAN UNGGUL
KETURUNAN UNGGUL
MENGURANGI KEMUNGKINAN TRANSMISI
PENYAKIT
PENYELESAIAN BREEDING PROBLEM
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Ciri birahi
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Breeding Systems
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Grading-Up
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Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered or
corssbred females (dams)
Yorkshire bore X Yorkshire/Hampshire sow
Hybrid Vigor
 Superior
traits from crossbreeding
 Offspring are better than parents
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Breeding Systems
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Inbreeding
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Mating closely related animals
Brother X Sister
Son X Mother
Father X Daughter
• Linebreeding
– Breeding more distant relatives than inbreeding
– Cousin X Cousin
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Breeding Systems
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Pure Breeding
 Registered
male and female animals
 Angus X Angus
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Breeding Systems
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Cross Breeding
 Mating
a male and female of different breeds
 Angus X Charolais = Crossbreed
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Components of Male Reproductive Capacity
Libido
Physical ability to mate
 Total available sperm production
 Quality of sperm produced
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Total available sperm production:
Factors affecting
Size of testes - sperm production
Scrotal circumference
 Size of cauda epididymis - storage of reserve
sperm
 Cryptorchidism
 Testicular hypoplasia
 Effect of ejaculation of sperm production
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Process of Artificial Insemination
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Semen Collection
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Two methods
 Artificial
vaginas
 electroejaculation
Semen Processing, Storage and Handling
 Insemination
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Spermatogenesis
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Trout Spermatozoa
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http://www.rennes.inra.fr/scribe/images/spermato.jpg
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Semen Collection
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Male is trained to mount a teaser animal or
dummy
Penis is directed into an artificial vagina that is
temperature controlled to be the same
temperature as the female.
Ejaculation occurs
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Frequency of collection
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Bulls
Twice a day – 2 days/week- frozen semen
 Three times a week otherwise
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Sheep
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Many times a day for several weeks
Boars and Stallions
Every other day
 If everyday is required for short period, let rest for 2-3 days
between intensive collection.
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BENTUK ABNORMAL SPZ
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Semen Analysis
NORMAL ALAMI
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Alkalinity=7.2 to 7.6
Normal discharge=2-5 ml per
ejaculation
Sperm count is roughly 50-130
million per ml of ejaculate.
Morphology= <35% are
abnormal
Motility= 60% exhibit forward
motility
Survival=can live 48 hours after
ejaculation
Sterility=less than 20 million
sperm/ml
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SYARAT MINIMAL SPZ
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Macho Sperm Theory
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Damaged sperm may still
fertilize an egg.
Some toxins may alter the
sperm’s chromosomes which
carry genetic information
Results infertility and
miscarriage to birth
defects, learning
disabilities and childhood
cancer and kidney cancer
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Semen
Processing
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Dillution
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Freezing
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Can be diluted so that more animals can be bred with
one ejaculate
Use liquid nitrogen at -320 F
Storage
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Put into ampules or plastic straws.
Liquid nitrogen tanks
 Horse and swine semen is generally not frozen
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Insemination
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Estrus detection in female
 Timing is important – sperm need to be injected into
oviduct at ovulation
 Semen is thawed and placed in inseminating device.
 Technician inserts speculum into female reproductive
tract into cervix
 Inseminating tube is inserted and sperm is
deposited.
 Technician is well trained to avoid damaging the
reproductive tract of females.
 Cleanliness and sterilization are very important to
reduce disease transmission.
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Procedures
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Cattle
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Rectovaginal technique -Straw inseminating gun or
pipet
Sheep
Speculum – straw inseminating gun or pipet
 Laparoscopic insemination (most common)
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Swine
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Cork screw pipet
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Semen is deposited directly into the uterine horns by way of
surgical procedure.
pipet is hooked to bottle containing semen
Horse
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Vaginal method
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Straw inseminating gun or pipet
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Procedures for cattle
 Collect
semen
 Freeze semen
 Identify cow in heat
 Thaw semen
 Rectal palpation
 Pass inseminating gun
 Deposit semen
Insemination Tubes
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Bovine Estrous Cycle
•19-23 days in mature cows
•19-22 days in heifers
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Cycle is divided into four periods:
Pro Est Metestrus
Diestrus
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Insemination Timeline
Sperm Viability
12 to 30 h
Ova viability
sperm transport
8 to 12 h
6h
24 - 32 h
Onset of E strus
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Ovulation
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Procedures for cattle
 Collect
semen
 Freeze semen
 Identify cow in heat
 Thaw semen
 Rectal palpation
 Pass inseminating gun
 Deposit semen
Insemination Tubes
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Cows
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Procedures for swine
 Lubricate
spirette tip
 Pass through to cervix (semen not attached)
 Rotate clockwise through cervix
 Attach semen bottle
 Deposit semen
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Procedures for Horses
 Collect
semen and extend
 Identify mare in heat
 Prepare semen (syringe and insemination tube)
 Vaginal palpation
 Pass insemination tube
 Deposit semen in uterus
Syringe and
Insemination Tube
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Mares
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Future
Growing industry
 Semen sexing
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• Semen sexing
– Two million
cells
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Sperm Producing Capacity
SPERM
BULL
BOAR
RAM
STALLION
x 106 /gram of
testis/day
16
27
25
20
Testis wt.
(grams)
350
360
275
200
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19
14
8
Total sperm
production. (x
109 sperm)
Length of
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Spermatogene
sis (Days)
50
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Semen and ejaculation
characteristics of farm species
CATTLE
DAIRY
BEEF
Volume (ml)
Sperm
concentration
(billion/ml)
Total sperm
(billion)
Motile
Sperm %
Morphologicall
y normal
sperm %
pH
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SHEEP
SWINE
HORSES
60* - 100
6
4
1-2
225* 400
1.2
1.0
3.0
0.2
0.15
7
4
3
45
9
70
65
75
60
70
80
80
90
60
70
6.5-7.0
6.5-7.0
5.9-7.3
6.8-7.3
6.2-7.8
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Components of Male Reproductive
Capacity
Libido
Physical ability to mate
 Total available sperm production
 Quality of sperm produced
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Praktikum tek rep & AI
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Jenis-jenis bahan pengencer, sifat kimia dan fisik
bahan pengencer, proporsi/komposisi bahan
pengencer.
Proses pengenceran, formulasi pengencer
daya tahan pengencer
metode penyimpanan dan kemasan
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Semen Processing
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Dillution
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Freezing
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Can be diluted so that more animals can be bred with
one ejaculate
Use liquid nitrogen at -320 F
Storage

Put into ampules or plastic straws.
Liquid nitrogen tanks
 Horse and swine semen is generally not frozen

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Praktikum semen cair
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Evaluasi semen segar; makroskopis dan
mikroskopis
 Mahasiswa memahami dan dapat menjelaskan
bahan pengencer dan prose pengenceran
semen, metode penyimpanan dan kemasan
 Pembuatan Semen Cair
 Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat semen cair

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Pembuatan Semen Beku
(Frozen Semen)
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Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat pembekuan
semen
 Formulasi Bahan Pengencer dan Agen
Krioprotektif
 Problem utama pembekuan semen
 Macam-macam teknik dan peralatan
pembekuan semen
 Kemasan semen beku
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Semen beku
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Prosedur pembekuan semen
Metode gliserolisasi, proses penurunan suhu ke 5
ekuilibrasi, suhu kritis, periode pembekuan dan
penyimpanan semen beku
Metode pencairan ulang (thawing), macam-macam
cara thawing, suhu thawing, penanganan post
thawing
Evaluasi semen post thawing
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Reproductive Functions (Female)
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Estrous period length by species:
Cow
12 - 18 hours
Ewe
24 - 36 hours
Sow
48 - 72 hours
Mare
90 - 170 hours
Hens & Women
none
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Reproductive Functions (Female)
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Gestation and Lactation Periods:
Species Gestation Period Lactation(Milking)
Cow
Ewe
Sow
Mare
Woman
275 - 285 days
beef 180 - 270 days
dairy 305 - 365 days
115 - 142 days
60 - 90 - 120 days
112 - 115 days
21 - 42 days
330 - 345 days
90 - 150 days
270 days
? years
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Reproductive Functions of the Female
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Estrous cycle - time from one heat period (or
menstrual cycle) to the next.
Length of estrous cycle by species:
Cow
19 - 21 days
Ewe
16 - 17 days
Sow
19 - 21 days
Mare
21 - 24 days
Woman
28 days
Hen
none
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Estrous
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Length of the cycle
Estrus
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When animal is in heat
Sexual receptivity
Species
Length of
Estrous
Duration of
Estrus
Estrus to
Ovulation
Cattle
21d
15 h
24-32 h
Pig
21 d
50 h
36-44 h
Sheep
17 d
30 h
24-30 h
Horse
21 d
7d
5d
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Estrous detection
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Observation
Computerized estrous detection
Chin-ball marker
Heat mount detectors
Paint/chalk
Paint/chalk
KAMAR
Chin-Ball marker
ElectronicTEKPRO
Heat Detection
- OVERVIEW 2012-PTS
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63
Illustrates how the Electronic Heat Detection System works
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Cow not in heat
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
Hafez (1992), Austin & Short (1982) Toelihere
(1985), Hunter (1981), Sulisbury & Van Demark
(1985).Macfarlane at.al. (1992
10/20/2012

TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN INSEMINASI BUATAN (1)

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