7. volcanic eruptions - e-GEOS

7. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE SERVICE
www.emergencyresponse.eu
INTRODUCTION
EXPECTED BENEFITS
The volcanic eruptions, its lava, pyroclastic flows, volcanic ashes, lahars or
gaseous eruptions have extremely
severe impact both on their surrounding
environment but also on much wider
areas. Current remote sensing techniques
allow to monitor the dynamics and
to support the evaluation of damage,
through operational service provision
focused on situational knowledge, crisis
management and post crisis evaluation.
ERS provides products related to volcano
event monitoring, extension of lava
flows or ash clouds and volcanic damage
mapping.
Different types of satellite data (optical,
radar, thermal) can support the
management of volcanic eruptions.
Available products increase the response
capability, complete the picture of the
current situation and support recovery
activities.
The development of products related
to volcanic eruptions will not only be of
benefit to research and technological
activities but also improve the disaster
management, monitoring, response and
recovery capabilities.
The user will have access to information
dedicated to the evaluation of the
risk and its management. Products
derived from satellite data will help to
improve risk management, to support
evacuation measures and to enable a
continuous monitoring of regions at risk
by monitoring thermal conditions or
degassing processes.
Making the delivered products
available in GIS formats allows for
direct applicability into present risk
management systems.
PREPAREDNESS/PREVENTION
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
RECOVERY
Preparedness/Prevention
products,
in the form of Geographic Reference
Mapping Products, provide an overview
of an area that is or might be at risk.
Information
content
includes
the following themes: transport,
hydrography, population, industry &
utilities and physiography. Pre-disaster
situation products contain additional
thematic information for example
on land cover, building density and
vulnerability.
In case of eruption, Emergency response
products are produced in rapid mapping
mode to support the analysis of eruption
impact and extent.
These products provide information
on damages, give indications on
affected infrastructure and population,
accessibility and secure zones, disaster
situation and its changes (due to the
intrinsic dynamism of the phenomena).
Possible contents of emergency response
products are:
> Affected areas (including buildings
and infrastructures)
> Damage assessment
> Location of medical facilities,secure
zones and potential locations for
assistance points
> Extension and direction of the lava flow
> Direction of ash clouds
It is fundamental that emergency
responders are updated on a regular
basis because of the events’ dynamics:
the updating frequency should range
from weekly up to daily.
Recovery products are meant to analyse
volcanic eruptions in a statistical way and
to identify residual eruption risk zones.
Recovery products contain for example
information on:
Recove
ry
October 2010
ge
Emer ncy
o
Resp nse
Pre
Pre pa
v
ess/
dn
re ntion
e
Eruption of the Chaiten volcano, Chile
> Detailed damage analysis
> Updated land use and land
cover condition
> Statistical analysis (loss of
agricultural or built-up area)
> Volcanic deposits and new fractures
> Risk assessment
Medium or long term monitoring with
satellite images can help to follow
reconstruction works or observe
possible changes in land cover, volcano
characteristics and slopes, and evaluation
of residual risk. It can also support
the understanding and analysis of
rehabilitation activities.
7. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE SERVICE
www.emergencyresponse.eu
DETAILED SERVICE DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Technologies and services are provided by
the GMES Emergency Response Service (in
the framework of the SAFER project) during
the Emergency Response phase immediately
following a volcanic eruption and will continue
throughout the post-disaster management
phase with risk assessment and prevention
analysis products. Optical data is very relevant
for volcanic event monitoring due to its
capability to classify land cover and land
use and to increase the understanding of
the region’s characteristics; it is also relevant
for identification of, and determining the
direction of, the plumes.
VHR radar data can support the identification
of new fractures (supported by the availability
of pre-event data) and through multi-temporal
analysis it is possible to produce statistics on
different lava flows periods.
Thermal data allows to detect temperature
anomalies and lava flows.
Digital Elevation model availability is
fundamental for data processing but also for
3D visualisation of volcanic areas.
Required Earth Observation Data:
Optical and SAR imagery are used for the
analysis and validation of volcanic eruptions
as well as for reference maps production.
Typical Radar satellites being used are,
for example: COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X
ENVISAT, RADARSAT.
Typical optical satellites being used are,
for example: GeoEye, Ikonos, Quickbird,
Formosat, RapidEye, SPOT.
Typical thermal satellites are, for example:
Landsat, AVHRR, MODIS.
Other Required Information:
Digital elevation/terrain models are required
for orthorectification of satellite data.
Further
information
(open
source
information or other) can be extremely useful
for the understanding of the area and event
dynamic monitoring and interpretation.
Output format:
Digital map (tif, jpg, pdf) or hardcopy, colour or
B&W, ISO A3-A1, Vector data (Shapefile, kml).
> This map shows
the impact over the
urban area of Ville de
Goma after a volcanic
eruption: the lava flow
was extracted from
SAR data © SERTIT
< An overview
map of the Merapi
volcano. The main
infrastructures are
identified © UNOSAT
Preparedness/Prevention:
1. Geographic Reference
2. Pre-Disaster Situation
As needed
max. 2 times a year
1. Points of interest
2. Land cover, risk areas/
analysis, vulnerability classes,
environmental information,
demography
Emergency Response:
Disaster Extent,
Damage Assessment
As needed,
max. daily
Recovery:
Post-Disaster situation
(detailed damage analyses,
residual risk)
As needed,
weekly - monthly
Affected area, damaged
buildings, damaged and
interrupted infrastructures,
accessibility, population in
affected area, lava flow, ashes,
deposits
Location and Monitoring
of recovery areas, damage
assessment evolution,
stable areas for relocation of
population, statistical analyses,
volcanic deposits, new
fractures
Scale
Delivery time*
1. Non-Emergency: 2 – 4 weeks,
Emergency 8 – 24 hours
2. 2 – 4 weeks
8 – 24 hours,
1 – 4 weeks
*After satellite data reception
(estimated average 24h to 5 days)
SAFER is the FP7-funded project responsible for the implementation of the pre-operational Emergency Response
Service of the EU Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme. The services of the SAFER
project rely on a full time on-duty staff available 24 hours/day, 365 days/year.
Design and Layout: SYSECO for SAFER
Content
Detailed: 1:5.000 – 1:25.000
Overview: 1:25.000 – 1:500.000
Updating Frequency
Infrastructure, Population information,
Hydrography, Topography
Product