2012 Annual Report - East Dakota Water Development District

2012 Annual Report - East Dakota Water Development District

Data Collected in 2012 by Volunteer Citizen Monitors
January 2013
Major Watersheds of South Dakota
Red
River
Grand
River
Little
Missouri
Moreau
River
Minnesota
River
Missouri
River
Belle Fourche
James
River
Bad
River
Cheyenne
River
White
River
Niobrara
River
Major Basins
Lakes
Stream/River
North
Big Sioux
River
Vermillion
River
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................i
I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1
II. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 3
Water Clarity: Secchi Disks & Transparency Tubes ............................................................ 3
Bacteria ............................................................................................................................... 3
Beneficial Uses & Water Quality Standards ....................................................................... 5
Relative Water Quality (Ecoregions) ................................................................................... 6
Trophic State Index ............................................................................................................. 8
III. LAKES ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Lake Alvin ........................................................................................................................... 9
Lake Andes ....................................................................................................................... 11
Brant Lake ........................................................................................................................ 13
Lake Campbell .................................................................................................................. 15
Clear Lake ......................................................................................................................... 17
Dry Lake ............................................................................................................................ 19
Lake Henry ........................................................................................................................ 21
Lake Herman .................................................................................................................... 23
Lake Kampeska ................................................................................................................. 25
Long Lake .......................................................................................................................... 27
Lake Madison ................................................................................................................... 29
McCook Lake .................................................................................................................... 31
Oakwood Lakes ................................................................................................................ 33
East Oakwood Lake .................................................................................................. 33
North Oakwood Lake ............................................................................................... 34
West Oakwood Lake ................................................................................................ 35
Pelican Lake ...................................................................................................................... 36
Lake Pocasse .................................................................................................................... 37
Lake Poinsett .................................................................................................................... 38
Roy Lake ........................................................................................................................... 40
Lake Thompson ................................................................................................................ 41
Waubay Lake .................................................................................................................... 43
IV. STREAMS ................................................................................................................................. 44
Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 47
Frequently Asked Questions ........................................................................................................ 49
Information Sources ..................................................................................................................... 50
Appendix A. Beneficial Uses for South Dakota Waters ............................................................... A-1
Appendix B. 2011 Dakota Water Watch Water Quality Data ..................................................... B-1
ii
I. INTRODUCTION
In South Dakota, many lakes used for recreational purposes have little or no information
documented about their water quality and health safety. The East Dakota Water Development
District started Dakota Water Watch in 2007 in an effort to establish a formalized program to
train citizen monitors on how to gather consistent and reliable information about South Dakota
waters. Data collected by citizen monitors help to fill gaps in existing data as well as identify
lakes and streams that may need additional testing and attention.
The initial goal of the 2007 Dakota Water Watch program was to find out if citizen volunteers
could successfully and accurately collect water quality data, including bacteriological data. In
2008, Dakota Water Watch received a federal grant to continue and expand its efforts through
2012. The current Dakota Water Watch program offers four different monitoring tracks for
individual volunteers or volunteer groups to choose from. (1) Baseline Monitoring- monitors
collect water clarity measurements along with general environmental observations. (2) Bacteria
Monitoring- monitors take Secchi disk measurements, record environmental observations, and
collect water samples that are processed by volunteer mini-lab operators who document the
amount of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria present. (3) Lake Index Monitoring- monitors collect
the same information as Baseline monitors in addition to collecting water samples that are
processed by the State Health Lab for parameters such as ammonia, total Kjedahl nitrogen
(TKN), nitrates, and total phosphorus. (4) “Other” Monitoring- can be tailored to the interests of
an individual volunteer or volunteer group. Possible example topics that could be the focus of
“Other” monitoring include: invasive species, plant communities, wetlands, riparian conditions,
and water chemistry. Data storage and analysis as well as technical assistance for Dakota Water
Watch are provided by the East Dakota Water Development District located in Brookings, South
Dakota.
Volunteers monitored 80 sites across 27 different bodies of water in 2012. Figure 1 identifies
lakes sampled in 2012 as part of the Dakota Water Watch program. Streams were monitored in
Codington and Minnehaha counties. 291 individual samples were collected and processed for E.
coli bacteria and 328 Secchi depth measurements were taken.
This report contains a background of water quality monitoring and a brief description of some of
the criteria that the state and federal governments have instituted to protect South Dakota’s
water resources (more information can be found in your Dakota Water Watch Monitoring Guide
and Instruction Manual). Other information includes data summaries for rivers and streams as
well as all lakes participating in Dakota Water Watch in 2012. A complete listing of all data
collected is included in the Appendices.
1
Figure 1. Lakes Monitored in 2012
2
II. BACKGROUND
Water Clarity: Secchi Disks & Transparency Tubes
Secchi disks and transparency tubes (T-tubes)
are two devices used to measure the
transparency or clarity of water. Water
clarity is often obstructed because of
particulates in the water column. Common
materials affecting clarity in South Dakota
waters include algae, sediments, and organic
matter (Figure 2).
Secchi disks are inexpensive, simple to use,
and the oldest devices known to measure
water transparency. A Secchi disk is a
weighted plate suspended by a marked rope
or measured tape. The disk is divided into
four quadrants alternating black and white.
To use the Secchi disk, it is lowered into the
water to the point at which the disk vanishes
Figure 2. Typical Secchi Disk and How Increased Algae
from sight. The Secchi depth is recorded
Affect Transparency Measurements
where the rope/tape breaks the surface of
the water. The clearer or less turbid the water, the greater the measurement will be. The deepest part
of a lake (usually mid-lake) is the best place to take a Secchi depth measurement because it is the most
representative of the average conditions of the lake. Measurements from these locations are used in
determining the Trophic status of the lake (see page 8 for more information about Trophic state).
T-tubes are often used in rivers and streams where the water can be too shallow or the current too
strong to use a Secchi disk. T-tubes work in much the same way as a Secchi disk. The empty T-tube is
filled with water and then slowly drained as someone looks into the tube from the open end. The
moment at which the black and white marker becomes visible, the water is stopped from draining, and
the amount of water remaining in the T-tube is recorded.
Secchi disk and T-tube measurements are important to document because poor transparency can harm
aquatic insects, negatively affect the ability of sight dependent fish to feed, and reduce plant growth by
blocking sunlight.
South Dakota does not have a water quality standard for water clarity. However, the measurement is a
good indicator of the condition of a water body. As a general rule, clear water is better than turbid
water. Keep in mind that clear water could still be polluted with contaminants that cannot be seen.
Some lakes and rivers are naturally more turbid than others. Therefore, Secchi disk or T-tube readings
can vary from one waterbody to the next.
Bacteria
Bacteria can be found virtually everywhere in the environment. Fortunately, most forms of bacteria are
harmless to humans. In order to determine the presence of potentially harmful bacteria, South Dakota
uses Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an indicator organism. E. coli are bacteria that are normally present in
the intestines of warm-blooded animals (including humans). The occurrence of E. coli is a strong
indication that the water may have been recently contaminated by fecal material (i.e. sewage, animal
3
waste). Not all strains of E. coli can cause illness in
humans, but contaminated water is more likely to
contain a pathogenic strain of E. coli or other
disease-causing organisms such as viruses,
parasites, protozoans, or bacteria (Figure 3). Testing
for E. coli is much cheaper and easier than testing
for each specific pathogenic organism individually.
In August of 2009, South Dakota instituted E. coli
standards for recreational waters. Prior to this time,
fecal coliform bacteria had been used to determine
the safety of waterbodies designated for such uses.
Table 1 shows the E. coli water quality standards for
recreational waters in South Dakota.
These
numbers are applicable between May 1 and
September 30 during any given year. Bacteria are
measured in colony forming units (cfu) per 100mL of
sample medium (in this case water).
Figure 3. Schematic illustration showing that
pathogenic E. coli Makes Up a Very Small Portion
of All Bacteria. E. coli Sampling is the Most Cost
Effective Way to Screen For Pathogenic E. coli as
Well as Other Harmful Organisms.
Results generally show rivers and streams have
higher E. coli counts than lakes. This is most likely
due to the fact that streams wind through their
watersheds, having many opportunities to come
into contact with sources of bacteria from upland
and/or urban runoff, domestic and wild animals
watering in-stream, and storm sewers. During
periods of higher flow, usually during a rain event,
more material is washed into the stream which can
contribute to elevated bacteria counts.
Lakes tend to have minimal bacteria detections. This is likely due to limited input of sewage from
domestic and wild animals, septic leaks, and upland runoff. Bacteria that enter a lake by way of a
tributary likely become dispersed to the point where their levels of concentration are no longer cause
for alarm.
Table 1. South Dakota Standards for E. coli in Recreational Waters
South Dakota E. coli Standards
Geometric Mean
Immersion Recreation Waters
≤ 126 cfu/100mL*
Limited Contact Recreation Waters
≤ 630 cfu/100mL*
Single Sample Maximum
Immersion Recreation Waters
≤ 235 cfu/100mL
Limited Contact Recreation Waters
≤ 1178 cfu/100mL
* geometric mean based on a minimum of 5 samples taken during
separate 24-hour periods for any 30 day period
4
Beneficial Uses & Water Quality Standards
The State of South Dakota has established water quality standards (South Dakota Administrative Rule
74:51:01:42) for all surface waters in the state to ensure the protection of their assigned beneficial uses.
The following are the beneficial use classifications used in the State of South Dakota:
(1) Domestic Water Supply
(2) Coldwater Permanent Fish Life Propagation
(3) Coldwater Marginal Fish Life Propagation
(4) Warmwater Permanent Fish Life Propagation
(5) Warmwater Semi-Permanent Fish Life Propagation
(6) Warmwater Marginal Fish Life Propagation
(7) Immersion Recreation
(8) Limited Contact Recreation
(9) Fish and Wildlife Propagation, Recreation, and Stock Watering
(10) Irrigation
(11) Commerce and Industry
All streams are assigned beneficial uses (9) and (10), and all lakes are assigned beneficial uses (7), (8),
and (9) unless otherwise stated in the South Dakota Administrative Rules. Table 2 shows the beneficial
uses designated for lakes and streams involved in the Dakota Water Watch program.
Table 2. Desired Beneficial Uses for Lakes and Streams that Participated in Dakota Water Watch in 2012
Designated Beneficial Uses for Lakes & Streams in the Dakota Water Watch Program (2012)
Lake/Stream
(1)
Domestic Water
Supply
(4)
Warmwater
permanent fish
life propagation
(5)
Warmwater
semipermanent
fish life
propagation
(6)
Warmwater
marginal fish
life
propagation
(7)
Immersion
recreation
(8)
Limitedcontact
recreation
(9)
Fish, wildlife
propagation,
recreation, and
stock watering
(10)
Irrigation
Big Sioux River
(Sioux Falls Diversion Ditch
to Mouth)
X
X
X
Split Rock Creek
Still Lake Outlet
West Pipestone Creek
Unnamed Pond
Lake Alvin
Lake Andes
Brant Lake
Lake Campbell
Clear Lake
Dry Lake
Lake Henry
Lake Herman
Lake Kampeska
Long Lake
Lake Madison
McCook Lake
Oakwood Lake (East)
Oakwood Lake (North)
Oakwood Lake (West)
Lake Pelican
Lake Pocasse
Lake Poinsett
Lake Thompson
Waubay Lake (North)
Waubay Lake (South)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
The beneficial use classifications of surface waters in the state designate the minimum quality at which
the surface waters of the state are to be maintained. Water bodies are determined to be unhealthy if
they are not 1) fully supporting their assigned beneficial uses and/or 2) violating narrative criteria which
include visible pollutants, odor producing pollutants, and nuisances. Use support of a particular
5
waterbody is determined by its compliance with numerical water quality standards that are agreed upon
by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and by the State of South Dakota. If a body of water has
multiple beneficial uses assigned to it, each with a different numerical standard for the same parameter,
the more stringent water quality standard is used to determine impairment. Example: A lake listed for
both immersion recreation and limited contact recreation must follow the more stringent E. coli water
quality standard for immersion recreation at ≤235 cfu/100mL. Numerical water quality standards
assigned to each beneficial use can be found in Appendix A.
Compliance with the standard for a particular water quality parameter (e.g. dissolved oxygen, pH, E. coli
bacteria) is based on the frequency of violations. In South Dakota, if 20 or more samples are available
for a waterbody, ≤10% can violate the standard for it to be considered fully supporting. If only 10 to 19
samples are available, three or more violations result in the lake or stream being considered to not fully
support its beneficial uses.
Relative Water Quality
Due to the lack of historical data for many lakes in South Dakota, it is sometimes difficult to determine if
data collected in the past few years by Dakota Water Watch are typical for a particular water body. In
an effort to give the data collected by DWW a measure of historical perspective, we have included the
EPA recommended values for total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll-a, and Secchi depth based on
nutrient ecoregion (Table 3). The United States is divided into 14 distinct “nutrient ecoregions,” four of
which cover South Dakota (Figure 4). Due to the large areas covered by each ecoregion, the
recommended nutrient values are very generalized but can give some idea as to the typical values that a
water body within its boundaries should have. The South Dakota Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) is currently working toward establishing more refined nutrient criteria specific
to the state.
Table 3. EPA Recommended Values for Water Quality Measurements by Ecoregion
EPA Recommended Values for Aggregate Nutrient Ecoregions in South Dakota
Lakes & Reservoirs
Total
Phosphorus
Total
Nitrogen
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(ppb)
(meters)
II - Western Forested Mts
≤ 0.00875
≤ 0.10
≤ 1.90**
≥ 4.50
IV - Great Plains Grass and Shrublands
≤ 0.0200
≤ 0.44
≤ 2.00*
≥ 2.00
V - South Central Cultivated Plains
≤ 0.0330
≤ 0.56
≤ 2.30*
≥ 1.30
VI - Corn Belt & Northern Great Plains
≤ 0.0375
≤ 0.78
≤ 8.59*
≥ 1.36
Nutrient Ecoregion
Chlorophyll-a Secchi Depth
Rivers & Streams
Total
Phosphorus
Total
Nitrogen
Chlorophyll-a
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(ppb)
(NTU)
II - Western Forested Mts
≤ 0.01000
≤ 0.12
≤ 1.08**
≤ 1.30
IV - Great Plains Grass and Shrublands
≤ 0.02300
≤ 0.56
≤ 2.40**
≤ 4.21
V - South Central Cultivated Plains
≤ 0.06700
≤ 0.88
≤ 3.00**
≤ 7.83
VI - Corn Belt & Northern Great Plains
* spectrophotometric method (used by South Dakota)
** fluorometric method
≤ 0.07625
≤ 2.18
≤ 2.70**
≤ 6.36
Nutrient Ecoregion
6
Turbidity
Figure 4. Location of Nutrient Ecoregions in South Dakota
7
Trophic State Index
Trophic State Index (TSI) was developed by limnologist Robert Carlson to quantify biological productivity
in a body of water. Carlson used three parameters to calculate TSI: Secchi depth (meters), chlorophyll-a
(parts per billion (ppb)), and total phosphorus (ppb). South Dakota currently does not use the Trophic
State Index to determine impairment; however, it is used as a tool for assessing the overall health of a
waterbody.
The recorded values for each parameter (Secchi depth, chlorophyll-a, and total phosphorus) are entered
into separate formulas, with the results consisting of numbers between 0 and 110. The median of these
calculated values is then applied to criteria listed in table 4. A low value indicates that the water body is
oligotrophic (low biological productivity). As the TSI value increases, the water body’s trophic status
becomes mesotrophic, eutrophic, and finally hypereutrophic (very high biological productivity).
Table 4. Modified Version of Carlson’s Trophic State Ranges (Carlson, 1977) as Used by the State of South Dakota
Characteristics of Trophic Status
TSI value
Status
0-35
Oligtrophic
36-50
Mesotrophic
51-65
66-100
Characteristics
Clear water, oxygen in hypolimnion throughout the year, salmonid fisheries dominate,
hypolimnion of shallow lakes may become anoxic during summer
Water fairly clear, increasing chance of hypolimnetic anoxia during summer
Anoxic hpyolimnia, macrophyte problems possible, warm-water fisheries only, blue-green
algae dominate, algal scums, low transparency, may discourage swimming and boating
Dense algae and macrophytes to algal scums, few macrophytes, rough fish dominate,
Hypereutrophic summer fish kills possible
Eutrophic
Only Secchi depth measurements taken from mid-lake sampling locations are used to calculate TSI.
Dakota Water Watch volunteers have been recording these types of Secchi depth measurements. Some
monitors have also been sampling chlorophyll-a and/or phosphorus. In cases where only Secchi depth
information is available, a TSI value calculated from this number can be a fairly accurate indicator of the
overall trophic status (Carlson 1980). It is also possible to then back-calculate probable chlorophyll-a
and total phosphorus values as well (Carlson, 1977). Caution should be used with any values generated
in this way. Remember; there is no substitute for real data collected in the field.
8
III. LAKES
Lake Alvin is a reservoir of Ninemile Creek located in northeastern Lincoln County. When full, it has a
surface area of 105 acres, an average depth of 8.9 feet, and a maximum depth of approximately 22.5
feet. On June 16th, of 2012, members of the South Dakota Canoe and Kayak Association (SDCKA) met
with staff from Dakota Water Watch to perform a “snapshot” sampling event. On that day, a series of
samples were collected across the lake over a period of about one hour. This was the fifth consecutive
year that such a sampling event was conducted by the SDCKA and the second straight year that Lake
Alvin was chosen as the location. In addition to measurements collected as part of the “snapshot”
sampling, a volunteer began regular sampling at two locations (4401HHH & 4401MMM).
A total of 19 Secchi depth measurements were collected from Lake Alvin in 2012. Measurements ranged
from 0.19 meters to 0.78 meters (Table 5). The poorest water clarity readings were generally found at
the sites closest to where Ninemile Creek enters the lake. This was also true during the “snapshot”
sampling done in 2011, and is further evidence that the creek is the source of a lot of the turbidity
within the lake.
9
Table 5. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Alvin
Lake Alvin, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whore Lake
4401AAA
4401BB
4401BBB
4401CCC
4401DDD
4401EEE
4401FFF
4401GGG
4401HHH
4401III
4401JJJ
4401KKK
4401LLL
4401MMM
Monitor
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
Mary Ellen Connely, SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
Mary Ellen Connely, SDCKA
Count
19
1
--1
1
--1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
5
Minimum
0.19
0.28
--0.28
0.30
--0.63
0.21
0.50
0.47
0.60
0.57
0.25
0.28
0.19
Maximum
0.78
0.28
--0.28
0.30
--0.63
0.21
0.50
0.78
0.60
0.57
0.25
0.28
0.40
Mean
0.39
0.28
--0.28
0.30
--0.63
0.21
0.50
0.57
0.60
0.57
0.25
0.28
0.26
A total of 22 E. coli samples were collected from Lake Alvin in 2012. E. coli counts ranged from no
detection to as high as 280 cfu/100mL (Table 6). Only one sample, collected at site 4401BBB at the
mouth of Ninemile Creek, violated the immersion recreation standard for the state of South Dakota
(≤235 cfu/100mL). This is a significant improvement over last year’s data when four of the 10 samples
collected were exceedances and multiple samples had bacteria counts reaching into the thousands.
Table 6. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Alvin
Lake Alvin, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
4401AAA
4401BB
4401BBB
4401CCC
4401DDD
4401EEE
4401FFF
4401GGG
4401HHH
4401III
4401JJJ
4401KKK
4401LLL
4401MMM
Monitor
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
Mary Ellen Connely, SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
Mary Ellen Connely, SDCKA
Count
22
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
5
10
Minimum
0
100
0
280
0
13
13
13
0
0
0
7
7
40
7
Maximum
280
100
0
280
0
13
13
13
0
89
0
7
7
40
93
Mean
33
100
0
280
0
13
13
13
0
22
0
7
7
40
31
Lake Andes is located in central Charles Mix County. Volunteers monitored four sites as part of the
bacteria monitoring program in 2012.
There were 27 water clarity measurements taken on Lake Andes in 2012. Transparency values ranged
from a minimum of 0.04 meters to a maximum of 0.54 meters (Table 7). Lake Andes has reported some
poor water clarity readings in the past, but a few of the measurements from this year were extremely
small. Observations by monitors indicate that algae growth appears to be a major factor in the reduced
water clarity. In addition, Lake Andes was particularly hard hit by the drought that affected the region in
2012. Monitors there reported that the lake was reduced in size by approximately one half over the
course of the sampling season. Shallower water allows the sediments on the bottom of the lake to be
more easily disturbed by winds which likely further reduced Secchi depth readings.
Table 7. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Andes
Lake Andes, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
1708AAA
1708BBB
1708CCC
1708DDD
Monitor
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
Janet Evans
Darryl Deurmier, Dave Ronfeldt
Mike Chytka
Count
27
6
7
7
7
11
Minimum
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.14
0.06
Maximum
0.54
0.29
0.35
0.54
0.40
Mean
0.20
0.16
0.19
0.27
0.17
In contrast to the poor water clarity values in 2012, bacteria measurements from Lake Andes were quite
good. A total of 28 samples were collected over the course of the sampling season. E. coli counts
ranged from no detection to a maximum of 47 cfu/100mL (Table 8). Since bacteria sampling began on
Lake Andes in 2008, no sample has exceeded the South Dakota standard for immersion recreation
standard of ≤235 cfu/100mL.
Table 8. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Andes
Lake Andes, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
1708AAA
1708BBB
1708CCC
1708DDD
Monitor
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
Janet Evans
Darryl Deurmier, Dave Ronfeldt
Mike Chytka
Count
28
7
7
7
7
12
Minimum
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
47
33
13
40
47
Mean
9
8
5
12
13
Brant Lake is a 1,037 acre lake located in southeastern Lake County. It has an average depth of 9.5 feet
and a maximum depth of 14 feet. In previous years, up to 17 sights were sampled on Brant Lake.
Because of relatively consistent water clarity readings and low E. coli measurements between 2008 and
2010, the number of sampling locations was reduced. On the above map, current sampling sites are
shown in red and former monitoring sites are shown in white.
13
A total of 30 Secchi depth measurements were collected from Brant Lake in 2012. Site 4302BB, which is
a mid-lake site and therefore the most representative of Brant Lake as a whole, had a yearly average of
1.27 meters. Of all measurements collected, the smallest water clarity value was 0.25 meters (Table 9).
The largest absolute water clarity measurement was 2.60 meters, although there were three
measurements where the water clarity was greater than the total depth at that site. Because of that, it
is possible that the true water clarity was greater than 2.60 meters. Transparency values were very
good on Brant Lake in 2012. Both the whole lake average and six of the seven individual sites had
seasonal averages greater than 1.00 meter.
Table 9. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Brant Lake
Brant Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
4302AAA
4302BB
4302CCC
4302FFF
4302NNN
4302OOO
4302SSS
Monitor
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
Count
30
4
6
4
4
4
4
4
Minimum
0.25
0.50
0.30
0.80
0.60
0.30
0.25
0.88
Maximum
(2.60) 1.70+
1.70+
2.60
1.30+
1.30
1.10+
1.00
1.40
Mean
1.08+
1.13+
1.27
1.03+
1.00
1.20+
0.74
1.08
A total of 24 E. coli samples were collected from Brant Lake in 2012 and the results were excellent.
Bacteria counts ranged from no detection to a maximum of only 20 cfu/100mL (Table 10). Nineteen of
the samples (79%) contained no detectable levels of E. coli and none of the samples were anywhere
near the South Dakota standard for immersion recreation (≤235 cfu/100mL).
Table 10. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Brant Lake
Brant Lake, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
4302AAA
4302BB
4302CCC
4302FFF
4302NNN
4302OOO
4302SSS
Monitor
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
Count
24
4
--4
4
4
4
4
14
Minimum
0
0
--0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
20
20
--7
7
0
7
20
Mean
3
5
--2
2
0
2
5
Lake Campbell is a 970 acre natural lake located in south-central Brookings County. It has a maximum
depth of about 7 feet and an average depth of 4 feet. Lake Campbell has a sizeable watershed for its
size encompassing approximately 118,000 acres. The lake is primarily fed by Battle Creek which enters
from the south, with the north end of the lake draining intermittently to a stream that joins the Big
Sioux River a few miles downstream. One monitor collected samples from four sites in 2012. On the
map above, current monitoring sites are shown in red and former monitoring sites are shown in white.
15
Twenty-six transparency measurements were collected in 2012 from Lake Campbell ranging from 0.25
meters to 0.43 meters (Table 11). The measurements from Lake Campbell were very consistent from
site to site across the lake. The minimums, maximums, and averages at each site were within five
centimeters of the equivalent measurement at each of the other sampling locations. The seasonal
average for the entire lake in 2012 was slightly better than in the two previous years that Lake Campbell
participated in Dakota Water Watch since 2008 (2012 = 0.32 meters, 2010 = 0.20 meters, 2009 = 0.30
meters).
Table 11. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Campbell
Lake Campbell, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
9606AAA
9606BB
9606FFF
9606HHH
Monitor
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Count
26
6
6
7
7
Minimum
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.25
0.28
Maximum
0.43
0.38
0.43
0.40
0.40
Mean
0.32
0.32
0.34
0.31
0.33
A total of 11 E. coli samples were collected from three sample sites on Lake Campbell in 2012. Bacteria
counts ranged from no detections to a maximum of 33 cfu/100mL (Table 12). More than half of the
samples collected contained no measureable amount of E. coli and no sample was near the South
Dakota standard for immersion recreation (≤235 cfu/100mL).
Table 12. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Campbell
Lake Campbell, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
9606AAA
9606BB
9606FFF
9606HHH
Monitor
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Count
11
4
--4
3
16
Minimum
0
0
--0
0
Maximum
33
33
--7
7
Mean
5
8
--4
2
Clear Lake is a 1,170 acre lake located in southeastern Marshall County. The lake has an average depth
of 12.4 feet and a maximum depth of 22 feet. This was the first year that Clear Lake participated in the
Dakota Water Watch program. A group of volunteers collected bacteria samples from three shoreline
sites and Lake Index samples from one additional mid-lake site.
Of 16 water clarity measurements that were collected on Clear Lake, none were less than 0.55 meters
(Table 13). On multiple occasions the water clarity was greater than the available equipment was able
to measure. In these cases, the Secchi depth was recorded as >1 meter because we cannot say with
precision what the true measurement would have been; only that it was greater than 1 meter.
Measurements taken from site 4807BB are most representative of the lake as a whole. The average of
the Secchi depths taken at this location was 0.70 meters which is quite good for a lake in Eastern South
Dakota.
Table 13. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Clear Lake
Clear Lake (Marshall County), 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
4807AAA
4807BB
4807DDD
4807QQQ
Monitor
Phil George
Phil George, K Hansen
Phil George
Phil George
Count
16
4
4
4
4
17
Minimum
0.55
0.62
0.70
0.55
0.65
Maximum
1.00+
1.00+
1.00+
1.00+
1.00+
Mean
0.80+
0.78+
0.86+
0.76+
0.82+
A total of 13 bacteria samples were collected and processed from Clear Lake (Table 14). While eight of
the 10 samples showed the presence of E. coli, only one of these exceeded the South Dakota standard
for immersion recreation (235 cfu/100 mL). Additional testing at the location where the high sample
was collected showed no further exceedances. At this time, the data collected does not indicate that
there are any persistent bacteria issues on Clear Lake.
Table 14. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Clear Lake
Clear Lake (Marshall County), 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
4807AAA
4807BB
4807DDD
4807QQQ
Monitor
Phil George
Phil George, K Hansen
Phil George
Phil George
Count
13
4
--4
5
18
Minimum
1
7
--0
7
Maximum
1
27
--647
127
Mean
1
15
--172
36
Dry Lake is located in northwestern Codington County just south of the town of Florence. The most
recent map provided by Game, Fish, and Parks was created in 1999. According to that map, Dry Lake
covers 2,455 acres and has a maximum depth of 15 feet. However, the current size of the lake has likely
been affected by increased water levels that have persisted over the past few years. Two volunteers
monitored Dry Lake in 2012 for the third consecutive year as part of the bacteria monitoring program of
Dakota Water Watch.
A total of five Secchi depth measurements were collected from Dry Lake in 2012. While the
transparency values ranged from 0.20 meters to 0.52 meters (Table 15), in every case the water clarity
was greater than the depth at the sampling site at the time the measurement was taken. Because of
this, the true water clarity value cannot be determined, only that it is some value greater than the
recorded amount.
Table 15. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Dry Lake
Dry Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
9503AAA
Monitor
Vincent Flemming
Count
5
19
Minimum
0.20+
Maximum
0.52+
Mean
0.41+
In 2012, all six of the bacteria samples collected from Dry Lake showed the presence of E. coli bacteria
(Table 16). One of these did exceed the South Dakota standard for immersion recreation (≤235
cfu/100mL). Since sampling as part of Dakota Water Watch began in 2010, nearly all of the bacteria
samples from Dry Lake have shown some presence of E. coli, but always in very low concentrations. This
year was the first time that any sample exceeded the immersion recreation standard.
Table 16. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Dry Lake
Dry Lake, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
9503AAA
Monitor
Vincent Flemming
Count
6
20
Minimum
7
Maximum
273
Mean
73
Lake Henry is located in central Kingsbury County. It is separated from the northwest corner of Lake
Thompson by a narrow isthmus. Sampling as part of Dakota Water Watch resumed in 2012 after
flooding prevented monitoring during the 2011 sampling season. This year, two volunteers collaborated
to monitor one site as part of the bacteria monitoring program for Dakota Water Watch. On the above
map, active monitoring sites are shown in red and former monitoring sites are shown in white.
Two Secchi depth measurements were completed on Lake Henry in 2012 (Table 17). The first
measurement, taken in July, was also the minimum for the season at 0.67 meters. The second
measurement was taken in September and was greater than the provided equipment could measure
(>1.00 meters). The true water clarity at that time is some value greater than the recorded amount.
Table 17. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Henry
Lake Henry, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
4208EEE
Monitor
Kenneth Tja den, Da rvi n Sa ndve
Count
2
21
Minimum
0.67
Maximum
1.00+
Mean
0.84+
A total of three bacteria samples were collected from Lake Henry in 2012. E. coli counts ranged from no
detection to a maximum of 27 cfu/100mL (Table 18). These values are well below any level that would
raise concern over the recreational safety of Lake Henry.
Table 18. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Henry
Lake Henry, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
9503AAA
Monitor
Kenneth Tja den, Da rvi n Sa ndve
Count
3
22
Minimum
0
Maximum
27
Mean
11
Lake Herman is a 1,287 acre lake in central Lake County. It has an average depth of 4.7 feet and a
maximum depth of 13 feet. Volunteers monitored three sites across the lake as part of the Dakota
Water Watch bacteria monitoring track. On the above map, active sites are shown in red and former
monitoring sites are shown in white.
23
A total of 18 Secchi depth readings were taken on Lake Herman in 2012. The maximum measureable
transparency measurement was 0.90 meters (Table 19); however, one measurement at each site was
greater than the total depth at that site. There is a possibility that at these times the water clarity was
actually greater than 0.90 meters. The minimum water clarity measurement for Lake Herman was 0.25
meters.
Table 19. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Herman
Lake Herman, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
4306AAA
4306BBB
4306HHH
Monitor
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Howard Stoel
Count
18
6
6
6
Minimum
0.25
0.29
0.25
0.40
Maximum
(0.90) 0.70+
0.57+
0.60+
0.70+
Mean
0.49+
0.45+
0.45+
0.58+
Eighteen bacteria samples were collected and processed from Lake Herman. E. coli counts varied
significantly from as low as no detection to as high as 1,133 cfu/100mL (Table 20). Of the 18 samples, 14
of them contained some measureable amount of E. coli (78%). Two samples, both from site 4306AAA at
the northern end of the lake, exceeded 1,000 cfu/100mL of E. coli. This is well above the immersion
recreation standard for South Dakota (≤235 cfu/100mL). There were not enough exceedances to
possibly consider the lake to be impaired, but the DENR has been notified that this could be a potential
problem.
Table 20. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Herman
Lake Herman, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
4306AAA
4306BBB
4306HHH
Monitor
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Howard Stoel
Count
18
6
6
6
24
Minimum
0
0
0
0
Maximum
1,133
1,133
100
217
Mean
162
387
42
56
Lake Kampeska is located just northwest of the city of Watertown in Codington County. It is
approximately 5,251 acres in size with an average depth of 7.8 feet. On the above map, active sampling
sites are shown in red and former sites are shown in white.
One Secchi depth measurement was taken on Lake Kampeska in 2012 (Table 21). At the time the
measurement was taken, the Secchi disk was visible on the bottom in 0.60 meters of water. The true
water clarity is some value greater than 0.60 meters. It is difficult to draw conclusions about the lake
based on one sample; however, a water clarity reading of no less than 0.60 meters would be good for a
lake in eastern South Dakota.
Table 21. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Kampeska
Lake Kampeska, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
9508DDD
Monitor
Laura Caron
Count
1
25
Minimum
0.60+
Maximum
0.60+
Mean
0.60+
One bacteria sample was collected from Lake Kampeska in 2012 indicating 33 cfu/100mL E. coli (Table
22). As with transparency measurements, one sample is not enough to say whether E. coli is an issue on
Lake Kampeska. However, limited sampling by Dakota Water Watch volunteers has not produced a
sample that exceeded the South Dakota recreational standard (<235 cfu/100mL) in 2008, 2009, 2011, or
2012.
Table 22. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Kampeska
Lake Kampeska, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
9508DDD
Monitor
Laura Caron
Count
1
26
Minimum
33
Maximum
33
Mean
33
Long Lake is located in southeastern Lake County just south of Lake Madison. It covers 479 acres with
an average depth of 1.7 feet. Its maximum depth is approximately 8 feet. This was the fifth year that
volunteers monitored Long Lake and the third year that bacteria samples were collected.
A total of five Secchi depth measurements were taken on Long Lake in 2012. Transparency values
ranged from a minimum of 0.45 meters to a maximum of 0.82 meters (Table 23). The 0.82 reading was
the largest on Long Lake since a measurement of over 0.90 meters in June of 2010. This year had the
best definable average for water clarity since sampling for Dakota Water Watch began in 2008 (Table
24). In 2010, the average Secchi depth value may have been greater than in 2012 due to there being
two measurements greater than the equipment could measure.
Table 23. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Long Lake
Long Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
4308AAA
Monitor
Carol DeShepper
Count
5
Minimum
0.45
Table 24. Seasonal average for Secchi
depth measurements on Long Lake,
2008 – 2012
Long Lake, Average
Secchi Depth
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Yearly Avg.
0.31
0.26
0.54+
0.44
0.60
27
Maximum
0.82
Mean
0.60
Four E. coli samples were collected and processed from Long Lake ranging from no detection to a
maximum of 50 cfu/100mL (Table 25). Three of the four samples contained measureable amounts of E.
coli bacteria, but no sample approached the immersion recreation standard for the state of South
Dakota (≤235 cfu/100mL). Since bacteria sampling on Long Lake as part of the Dakota Water Watch
program in 2010, no sample has been in violation of that standard.
Table 25. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Long Lake
Long Lake, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
4308AAA
Monitor
Carol DeShepper
Count
4
28
Minimum
0
Maximum
50
Mean
18
Lake Madison is located in southeastern Lake County. It covers approximately 2,642 acres, has a
maximum depth of 15.5 feet, and an average depth of 7.9 feet. It is part of a lake system that includes
Lake Herman, Long Lake, Round Lake and Brant Lake. Lake Madison has been participating in the
Dakota Water Watch program since 2008. On the above map, current monitoring sites are shown in red
and former monitoring sites are shown in white.
A total of 12 Secchi depth measurements were taken on Lake Madison in 2012 (Table 26). The poorest
water clarity measurement was 0.31 meters and was recorded at site 4309DDD. The greatest
measureable transparency measurement was 2.20 meters and taken at site 4306BB. Because this is a
mid-lake site it is most representative of the lake as a whole. Of the remaining 11 Secchi depth
measurements, five were greater than the equipment could measure. It is possible, although unlikely,
that the true water clarity when one of these other measurements was taken was actually greater than
2.20 meters. Overall, transparency on Lake Madison was excellent with each sampling location having a
yearly average of no less than 0.64 meters.
Table 26. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Madison
Lake Madison, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
4309BB
4309CCC
4309DDD
Monitor
Jeremiah Corbin
Vic Graham
Charles Hill
Count
12
2
4
6
29
Minimum
0.31
1.03
(0.85) 0.80+
0.31
Maximum
(2.20) 1.20+
2.20
1.20+
0.87+
Mean
0.90+
1.62
0.98+
0.64+
Nine E. coli samples were collected and processed from the two shoreline sites on Lake Madison ranging
from no detection to as high as 111 cfu/100mL (Table 27). Two of four samples from site 4309CCC and
three of five samples from site 4309DDD showed that E. coli was present but none of the nine samples
approached the South Dakota standard for immersion recreation (≤235 cfu/100mL).
Table 27. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Madison
Lake Madison, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
4309BB
4309CCC
4309DDD
Monitor
Jeremiah Corbin
Vic Graham
Charles Hill
Count
9
--4
5
30
Minimum
0
--0
0
Maximum
111
--111
67
Mean
41
--53
32
McCook Lake is located on the outskirts of North Sioux City in southeastern Union County. On the map
above, current sampling sites are shown in red and former sampling sites are shown in white.
In 2012, 56 Secchi depth measurements were recorded on McCook Lake. Transparency values ranged
from a minimum of 0.25 meters to a maximum of 0.70 meters (Table28). In 2011, the seasonal wholelake average for McCook Lake improved dramatically compared to previous years. This year was
notable due to the significant decline in water clarity. The minimum, maximum, and mean for each site,
as well as the lake as a whole, was the lowest than it had been since Dakota Water Watch sampling
began in 2008 (Table 29).
Table 28. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for McCook Lake
McCook Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
6202AA
6202CC
6202EE
6202FF
6202GG
6202HH
6202LL
6202MM
Monitor
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Count
56
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
31
Minimum
0.25
0.30
0.38
0.36
0.37
0.33
0.30
0.25
0.30
Maximum
0.70
0.46
0.52
0.60
0.58
0.70
0.65
0.65
0.60
Mean
0.43
0.38
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.46
0.42
0.42
0.40
Table 29. Seasonal average for Secchi
depth measurements on McCook Lake,
2008 – 2012
McCook Lake, Average
Secchi Depth
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Yearly Avg.
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.96
0.43
A total of 56 bacteria samples were collected from McCook Lake in 2012. The minimum E. coli value was
no detection and the maximum value was 133 cfu/100mL (Table 30). While 44 of the 56 samples (79%)
did contain measureable amounts of E. coli, no sample exceeded the South Dakota standard for
immersion recreation (≤235 cfu/100mL).
Table 30. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for McCook Lake
McCook Lake, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
6202AA
6202CC
6202EE
6202FF
6202GG
6202HH
6202LL
6202MM
Monitor
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Count
56
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
32
Minimum
0
7
7
0
7
0
0
0
13
Maximum
133
40
40
133
20
27
27
20
93
Mean
18
23
22
27
11
7
8
9
41
Oakwood Lakes are a naturally occurring chain of lakes that cover approximately 1,700 acres in
northwestern Brookings County. The system consists of North Oakwood (Johnson Lake), West Oakwood
(Tetonkaha) Lake, Round Lake, Turtle Lake, and East Oakwood Lake. Numerous intermittent tributaries
carry water into the lakes which then drain from the southeast section of East Oakwood Lake into the
Big Sioux River via Mill Creek. On the map above, current monitoring locations are shown in red and
former sites are shown in white.
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake is the last lake in the chain before it drains to the Big Sioux River. A total of nine
Secchi depth readings were taken in 2012 ranging from 0.13 meters to 0.40 meters (Table 31). With a
seasonal average of 0.31 meters, East Oakwood Lake had the second best water clarity of the three
lakes in the Oakwood Lakes chain that were sampled by Dakota Water Watch in 2012 in terms of water
clarity.
Table 31. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
9613AAA
9613DDD
Monitor
Janie Wittmeier
Bob Schultz
Count
9
4
5
33
Minimum
0.13
0.13
0.30
Maximum
0.40
0.36
0.40
Mean
0.31
0.24
0.37
Nine bacteria samples were collected from East Oakwood Lake in 2012, all of which contained
detectable amounts of E. coli. The minimum value was 13 cfu/100mL and the maximum was 240
cfu/100mL (Table 32). One sample exceeded the ≤235 cfu/100mL immersion recreation standard for
South Dakota. As with all of the samples collected from Oakwood Lakes in 2012 that exceeded the
South Dakota immersion recreation standard, the sample collected from East Oakwood Lake was
collected on the 14th of June. There was a significant rainfall event during the preceding 24 hour period
before these samples were taken, and this is likely the cause for the elevated bacteria numbers.
Table 32. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
9613AAA
9613DDD
Monitor
Janie Wittmeier
Bob Schultz
Count
9
4
5
Minimum
13
30
13
Maximum
240
53
240
Mean
59
37
76
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake is the furthest upstream of the Oakwood Lakes chain. Ten Secchi depth
measurements were recorded in 2012 ranging from a minimum of 0.17 meters to a maximum of 0.40
meters (Table 33). North Oakwood Lake had the poorest water clarity of the three lakes within the
Oakwood Lakes chain that were sampled by Dakota Water Watch in 2012.
Table 33. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
9614AA
9614AAA
9614BBB
Monitor
Larry Wittmeier
Bob Schultz
Janie Wittmeier
Count
10
1
5
4
Minimum
0.17
0.20
0.25
0.17
Maximum
0.40
0.20
0.40
0.40
Mean
0.27
0.20
0.31
0.24
A total of nine bacteria measurements were collected and processed from North Oakwood Lake. E. coli
counts varied from no detection to as high as 913 cfu/100mL (Table 34). Only one sample exceeded the
immersion recreation standard for South Dakota (≤235 cfu/100mL), but eight of the nine samples taken
did show the presence of E. coli. As with all of the samples collected from Oakwood Lakes in 2012 that
exceeded the South Dakota immersion recreation standard, the sample collected from North Oakwood
Lake was collected on the 14th of June. There was a significant rainfall event during the preceding 24
hour period before these samples were taken, and this is likely the cause for the elevated bacteria
numbers.
Table 34. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
9614AA
9614AAA
9614BBB
Monitor
Larry Wittmeier
Bob Schultz
Janie Wittmeier
Count
9
--5
4
34
Minimum
0
--0
7
Maximum
913
--913
87
Mean
128
--197
42
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake, also known as Lake Tetonkaha, lies in the middle of the Oakwood Lakes chain and
is the most heavily developed lake in the system. A total of 32 Secchi depth measurements were
recorded on West Oakwood Lake in 2012. Water clarity values ranged from a minimum of 0.20 meters
to a maximum of greater than 0.84 meters (Table 35). West Oakwood Lake had the best maximum and
seasonal average transparency values when compared to other lakes within the chain. Site 9615AA,
which is a mid-lake site and therefore most representative of the lake as a whole, had a seasonal
average of only 0.38 meters. This is not necessarily unusual for a lake in eastern South Dakota but it is
well below the EPA recommended value for lake in that ecoregion (≥1.36 meters). For more information
on ecoregions and recommended sample values see the “Relative Water Quality” section on page 6.
Table 35. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
9615AA
9615AAA
9615BBB
9615CCC
9615DDD
9615FFF
9615GGG
Monitor
Lee Larsen
Philip Langner
Philip Langner
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Roger Bommersbach
Count
32
4
4
7
5
5
5
2
Minimum
0.20
0.33
0.23
0.21
0.30
0.28
0.30
0.20
Maximum
0.84+
0.43
0.84+
0.84+
0.53
0.50
0.50
0.35
Mean
0.40+
0.38
0.51+
0.45+
0.38
0.38
0.37
0.28
Twenty-five bacteria samples were collected from West Oakwood Lake. E. coli counts ranged from no
detection to as high as 27,600 cfu/100mL (Table 36). There were two samples (8%) that exceeded the
South Dakota standard for immersion recreation. One of these, taken from site 9615CCC was extremely
high at 27,600 cfu/100mL. The remaining four samples collected at this location were well below any
level that would be cause for concern, so it appears that this was an isolated incident. This one sample
with a very large E. coli count also made the seasonal average for the lake look much poorer than the
remaining samples indicate that it was. It should be noted that all bacteria samples collected from the
Oakwood Lakes chain in 2012 that exceeded the South Dakota immersion recreation standard were
collected on the 14th of June. There was a significant rainfall event during the preceding 24 hour period
before these samples were taken, and this is likely the cause for the elevated bacteria numbers.
Table 36. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
9615AA
9615AAA
9615BBB
9615CCC
9615DDD
9615FFF
9615GGG
Monitor
Lee Larsen
Philip Langner
Philip Langner
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Roger Bommersbach
Count
25
--4
4
5
5
4
3
35
Minimum
0
--0
0
20
13
0
7
Maximum
27,600
--33
67
27,600
120
273
160
Mean
1,149
--23
34
5,544
45
92
65
Pelican Lake is located just southwest of Watertown in central Codington County. The lake covers about
3,000 acres, has an average depth of 5.7 feet, and has a maximum depth of just over 8 feet. This was
the second year that Lake Pelican participated in the Dakota Water Watch program. On the map above,
current locations are shown in red and former sites are shown in white.
Eleven Secchi depth measurements were taken on Lake Pelican ranging from a minimum of 0.21 meters
to a maximum of greater than 0.85 meters (Table 37). The lake wide minimum, maximum, and mean is
down slightly compared to measurements taken in 2011.
Table 37. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Pelican
Lake Pelican, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
9517EEE
9517MMM
Monitor
Dean W. Jordan
Don Heim
Count
11
6
5
Minimum
0.21
0.21
0.40
Maximum
0.85+
0.60
0.85+
Mean
0.47+
0.38
0.58+
A total of 11 bacteria measurements were collected and processed from Lake Pelican. E. coli counts
varied from no detection to as high as 133 cfu/100mL (Table 38). Although eight of the 11 samples
(73%) showed the presence of E. coli, no sample approached the ≤235 cfu/100mL immersion recreation
standard for South Dakota.
Table 38. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Pelican
Lake Pelican, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
9517EEE
9517MMM
Monitor
Dean W. Jordan
Don Heim
Count
11
6
5
36
Minimum
0
0
0
Maximum
133
133
80
Mean
48
72
20
Lake Pocasse is located in northwestern Campbell County just off of Lake Oahe. One volunteer
monitored one site as part of Dakota Water Watch in 2012.
Two water clarity measurements were taken using a transparency tube on Lake Pocasse in 2012 (Table
39).
Table 39. Water Clarity Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Pocasse
Lake Pocasse, 2012 Water Clarity (meters)
Site
1608AA
Monitor
Janice Haan
Count
2
37
Minimum
0.15
Maximum
0.55
Mean
0.35
Lake Poinsett is located along the border between Hamlin and Brookings Counties. It covers 7,903
acres, has a maximum depth of 22 feet, and an average depth of 16.5 feet. Lake Poinsett is the furthest
downstream in a chain of lakes that includes Marsh Lake, Lake Norden, Lake Mary, Lake St. John, and
Lake Albert. This is the fourth year that Lake Poinsett has participated in Dakota Water Watch.
38
A total of 12 Secchi depth measurements were collected across five sites on Lake Poinsett in 2012.
Measurements ranged from a minimum of 0.08 meters to an absolute maximum of 2.98 meters (Table
40). Five of the twelve water clarity readings were either greater than the available equipment could
measure or greater than the total depth at the time that the measurement was taken which means that
it is possible that the actual transparency reading was greater than 2.98 meters. The minimum value of
0.08 meters is extremely low for Lake Poinsett and was the result of strong winds churning up the
bottom at the time the reading was taken. When assessing the overall health of the lake it is best to use
site 3215BB because it is most representative of the lake as a whole. The seasonal average at that
location was well above the value recommended by the EPA for lakes within Ecoregion VI.
Table 40. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Poinsett
Lake Poinsett, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
3215AAA
3215BB
3215DDD
3215GGG
3215TTT
Monitor
Ivan Palmer
Susan & Gary Fisher
Mike Glavaris
Judith Nofziger
Susan & Gary Fisher
Count
12
2
2
2
1
5
Minimum
0.08
1.35
0.58
1.10+
1.10+
0.08
Maximum
(2.98) 1.50+
2.03
2.98
1.50+
1.10+
1.40+
Mean
1.26+
1.69
1.78
1.30+
1.10+
0.91+
Twelve bacteria measurements were collected and processed from Lake Poinsett in 2012. E. coli values
ranged from no detection to as high as 107 cfu/100mL (Table 41). For the fourth consecutive year, over
half of the samples collected contained measureable amounts of E. coli, but no sample violated the
South Dakota standard for immersion recreation (≤235 cfu/100mL).
Table 41. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Poinsett
Lake Poinsett, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
3215AAA
3215BB
3215DDD
3215GGG
3215TTT
Monitor
Ivan Palmer
Susan & Gary Fisher
Mike Glavaris
Judith Nofziger
Susan & Gary Fisher
Count
12
2
--2
3
5
39
Minimum
0
0
--7
0
0
Maximum
107
27
--27
53
107
Mean
25
14
--17
20
36
Roy Lake is located in southeastern Marshall County. The lake has an average depth of 10 feet, a
maximum depth of approximately 21 feet, and covers an area of 2054 acres. One monitor collected
Lake Index samples at one site on Roy Lake in 2012.
While only two Secchi depth measurements were collected from Roy Lake in 2012, the results were
quite good. Values ranged from 1.00 meters to 1.78 meters with a season average of 1.39 meters (Table
42) which is decent for a lake in eastern South Dakota.
Table 42. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Roy Lake
Roy Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
4835BB
Monitor
Denni s Ska ds en
Count
2
40
Minimum
1.00
Maximum
1.78
Mean
1.39
Lake Thompson is a 12,455 acre lake located in south-central Kingsbury County with an average depth of
14.5 feet and a maximum depth of about 26 feet. This was the third year that sampling was conducted
as part of the Dakota Water Watch program. No sampling was done in 2011 due to flooding in the area.
On the above map, active monitoring sites are shown in red and former sites are shown in white.
41
A total of five Secchi depth measurements were recorded on Lake Thompson in 2012 ranging from a
minimum of 0.36 to a maximum of greater than 1.00 meters (Table 43). At both monitoring locations
there was at least one water clarity measurement that was greater than the equipment could measure
or the total depth at that location. Based on a limited number of observations, it appears that
transparency was slightly better at the Dakota Water Watch sites in 2012 than it was in 2009 and 2010.
Table 43. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Thompson
Lake Thompson, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Whole Lake
4222JJJ
4222MMM
Monitor
Darvin Sandve
Darvin Sandve
Count
5
3
2
Minimum
0.36
0.50
0.36
Maximum
1.00+
1.00+
0.45+
Mean
0.60+
0.73+
0.41+
Five bacteria samples were collected and analyzed from Lake Thompson. E. coli counts ranged from no
detection to maximum of 87 cfu/100mL (Table 44). No sample approached the South Dakota immersion
recreation standard of ≤235 cfu/100mL, and only one sample has exceeded this value since sampling
began in 2009.
Table 44. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Lake Thompson
Lake Thompson, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
Whole Lake
4222JJJ
4222MMM
Monitor
Darvin Sandve
Darvin Sandve
Count
5
3
2
42
Minimum
0
0
0
Maximum
87
60
87
Mean
31
22
44
Waubay Lake is located in eastern Day County and can be divided into two sections. The northern
section is approximately 9,668 acres, has an average depth of 14 feet, and a maximum depth of 31 feet.
The southern section is 3,173 acres, has an average depth of 12 feet, and a maximum depth of 29 feet.
One volunteer collected lake index samples at one site in each section of Waubay Lake in 2012.
Only one Secchi depth measurement was collected from each area of the lake in August of 2012 (Table
45). Both of these measurements were well over two meters which is very good for eastern South
Dakota. As with previous years, there has not been a large difference between measurements from the
different sections of the lake. Neither section appears to have consistently clearer or more turbid water.
Over four years of sampling, each section has been the clearer area of the lake twice.
Table 45. Secchi Depth Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for North and South Waubay Lake
Waubay Lake, 2012 Secchi Depth (meters)
Site
Waubay North
Waubay South
Monitor
Dennis Skadsen
Dennis Skadsen
Count
1
1
43
Minimum
2.30
2.55
Maximum
2.30
2.55
Mean
2.30
2.55
IV. STREAMS
Five sites on streams were monitored by Dakota Water Watch volunteers in 2012. The sampling sites on
the Big Sioux River, Split Rock Creek, and West Pipestone Creek are all located in Minnehaha County.
West Pipestone Creek joins Split Rock Creek which in turn flows into the Big Sioux River just south of the
town of Brandon. Site 102-48-4A is located on the Big Sioux River about 2 miles upstream of where Split
Rock Creek meets the river. Two sites are located on Split Rock Creek. Both of these are upstream of
where West Pipestone Creek joins Split Rock Creek. The final stream site in Minnehaha County is
located on West Pipestone Creek. In addition to the stream sampling locations in Minnehaha County,
there was a stream site in Codington County on the outlet of Still Lake. Also included in this section is a
site on an unnamed pond in Minnehaha County.
Two transparency tube measurements were taken on the Big Sioux River ranging from 0.20 meters to
0.46 meters (Table 46). The values from the Big Sioux River were very similar to those taken on Split
Rock Creek. A total of 11 transparency tube measurements were taken between the two sites on Split
Rock Creek. Water clarity went from a minimum of 0.08 to a maximum of greater than 0.60 meters (due
to the length of the transparency tube, it can only determine water clarity if it is less than 0.60 meters).
Neither site appeared to be significantly clearer or more turbid than the other. Transparency readings
on West Pipestone Creek ranged from 0.06 meters to greater than 0.29 meters. These values are very
similar to those gathered from the other stream sites in the area. On the Still Lake Outlet, water levels
decreased throughout the sampling season until the stream went dry sometime after the 25th of June.
The first water clarity measurement (0.41 meters) could be taken, but afterwards, low water levels
meant that the water clarity was greater than the total depth. Transparency measurements on the
Unnamed Pond in Minnehaha County varied from a minimum of 0.06 meters to a maximum of greater
than 0.60 meters.
Table 46. Water Clarity Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Stream and Pond Sites
Streams and Ponds, 2012 Water Clarity (meters)
Site
102-48-4A
102-48-2A
103-47-17A
118-52-5A
102-48-5A
102-48-10A
Waterbody
Big Sioux River
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Still Lake Outlet
Unnamed Pond
West Pipestone Creek
Monitor
Eugene Preston
Jeanne Fromm
Dave & Mary Finck
Vincent Flemming
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Count
2
4
7
3
4
4
Minimum
0.20
0.08
0.12
(0.41) 0.18+
0.06
0.06
Maximum
0.46
0.60+
0.41
0.41+
0.60+
0.60+
Mean
0.33
0.26+
0.30
0.31+
0.24+
0.29+
Different E. coli standards apply to different waterbodies in this section based on their assigned
beneficial uses. The Big Sioux River at site 102-48-4A and both sites on Split Rock Creek are designated
for immersion recreation, for which the E. coli standard is ≤235 cfu/100mL. Both samples collected from
the Big Sioux River for Dakota Water Watch this year were below that number (Table 47).
On Split Rock Creek, E. coli values ranged from a minimum of no detection to a maximum of 5,666
cfu/100mL (Table 47). Five of the 11 samples collected between the two sites exceeded the
235cfu/100mL. Pollution is known by the state to be an issue on this stream and there are EPA
44
approved Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) documents for suspended sediments and fecal coliform
bacteria.
West Pipestone Creek at site 102-48-10A is designated for limited contact recreation which has an E. coli
standard of ≤ 1,178 cfu/100mL. Four samples were collected from this location ranging in values from
no detection to 2,367 cfu/100mL (Table 47). One sample exceeded the limited contact recreation
standard. If the immersion recreation standard is applied to this location, two of the four samples
would have exceeded that value.
There is no E. coli standard for the unnamed pond or for the Still Lake Outlet. Three of the four samples
collected from the still lake outlet would have violated the South Dakota immersion recreation standard
at ≤235 cfu/100mL. The samples from the unnamed pond consisted of two no detections and two other
samples both of which were lower than 100 cfu/100mL (Table 47).
Table 47. E. coli Minimum, Maximum, and Mean for Stream and Pond Sites
Streams and Ponds, 2012 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/100mL)
Site
102-48-4A
102-48-2A
103-47-17A
118-52-5A
118-52-5A
102-48-10A
Waterbody
Big Sioux River
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Still Lake Outlet
Unnamed Pond
West Pipestone Creek
Monitor
Eugene Preston
Jeanne Fromm
Dave & Mary Finck
Vincent Flemming
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Count
2
4
7
4
4
4
45
Minimum
66
7
0
53
0
0
Maximum
117
5666
1933
833
93
2367
Mean
92
1668
432
362
36
730
46
Glossary
Alkalinity – capacity of a lake to neutralize acid
Beneficial uses – desirable uses that water quality should support (i.e. immersion recreation,
drinking water supply)
Benthic zone – the bottom of a lake or stream
Chlorophyll – a green chemical found in most plants, including algae and cyanobacteria,
necessary for photosynthesis
Ecoregion – geographic areas that are distinguished from others by ecological characteristics
such as climate, soils, geology, and vegetation
Epilimnion – the uppermost layer of lake water during the summer months characterized by
warmer and lighter water
Eutrophic – describes a water body with high photosynthetic productivity (Nutrient rich)
Hypereutrophic – describes a water body with extremely high biological productivity
Hypolimnion – the bottom layer of lake water during the summer months. The water in the
hypolimnion is denser and much colder than the water in the upper layers.
Littoral zone – shallow water area between the water’s edge and greatest depth occupied by
rooted plants
Macroinvertebrates – animals without backbones that are visible without magnification
Macrophytes – rooted aquatic plants, can be either submergent or emergent (examples: sago
pond weed, cattails)
Mesotrophic – describes a water body with moderate biological productivity
Metalimnion – the middle layer of lake water during the summer months, also an area of rapid
temperature change with respect to depth
Oligotrophic – describes a clear deep water body with low biological productivity
Pelagic zone – the open area of a lake, from the edge of the littoral zone to the center of the
lake
pH – a measure of acidity on a scale of 0 to 14 (acidic to basic). A pH of 7 is neutral.
47
Phosphorus – an element that can be found in commercial products such as foods, detergents,
and fertilizers as well as in larger amounts naturally in organic materials, soils, and rocks.
Phosphorus is one of many essential plant nutrients; however, too much phosphorus can result
in excessive plant growth and algal blooms. Phosphorus forms are continually recycling
throughout the aquatic environment. All forms are measured under the term “Total
Phosphorus”.
Photosynthesis – the process by which green plants use energy from sunlight to convert water
and carbon dioxide into sugars they use for food. This process causes plants to release oxygen
as a byproduct.
Phytoplankton – algae, microscopic plants
Polymictic – a lake that does not thermally stratify in the summer, tends to mix periodically
throughout the summer via wind and wave action, typical of shallow prairie pothole lakes
Riparian zone – the bank or shoreline of lake or waterbody
Secchi Disk – a weighted plate used for measuring the depth of light penetration in water
Suspended Solids – small particles that hang in the water column and reduce water clarity
Thermocline – See Metalimnion
Trophic Status – the level of productivity in a lake as measured by algae abundance, depth of
light penetration, and concentration of total phosphorus
Turbidity – murkiness or cloudiness of water, indicating the presence of suspended sediments,
dissolved solids, natural or man-made chemicals, algae, etc.
Water Quality Criteria – maximum concentrations of pollutants that are acceptable if those
waters are to meet water quality standards
Water Quality Standards – written goals for state waters, established by each state and
approved by the Environmental Protection Agency
Watershed – geographical area that supplies water to a stream, lake, or river
Zooplankton – organisms that drift within the water column and must eat phytoplankton or
other zooplankton to obtain energy
48
Frequently Asked Questions
What are some of the benefits of Citizen Monitoring? Citizens monitoring water resources
provide valuable water quality information that can be used at local and state levels. It
increases community awareness of local surface waters. It fosters environmental stewardship.
It provides baseline data where watershed information and water quality data are lacking or
absent.
How do I know if there is a trend in the data on my lake? You can plot your Secchi depth
measurements to see if they are rising or falling over a given time period. Keep in mind that
lakes will naturally vary from year to year and also throughout the year.
Where is the best place to measure water clarity on a lake? The best place to take a Secchi
reading is from the deepest part of the lake, which is usually near the middle. Readings from
this location are used in calculating the Trophic State Index of your lake because it is the most
representative of the entire lake. Shoreline or near shoreline measurements may be useful in
documenting site specific conditions, especially near inlets or areas where algae has
accumulated.
Where can I learn more about water quality and other volunteer monitoring programs? The
following websites can provide you with more information:
http://www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/monintr.html
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mwater.html
http://www.wqa.org/technical/
http://www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/volunteer/
Is it really that important that I sample as often as the program specifies? The more data you
collect the easier it is to detect trends.
Why is collecting duplicates and blanks important? Collecting duplicates and blanks is
necessary for the quality assurance and quality control of the monitoring effort. It’s not only a
check of the person collecting the sample, but also a check of the laboratory processing. Proof
of quality assurance and quality control gives credibility to the data you collect.
Is there a Dakota Water Watch website?
Yes! Go to http://www.eastdakota.org/dakotawaterwatch/
49
Information Sources
CGEE.
2001. Rivers of Life: The Mighty Mississippi. Center for Global Environmental
Education. Hamline University, Minnesota. Data retrieved January 15, 2009 from
http://cgee.hamline.edu/rivers/Resources/river_profiles/mississippi.html
Carlson, R. E. 1977. A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology Research Center. Minneapolis,
Minnesota. pp 361-369.
Carlson, R. E. 1980. More complications in the chlorophyll-Secchi disk relationship.
Limnology and Oceanography. 25(2), p. 379-382.
Carlson, R.E. 1991. Expanding the trophic state concept to identify non-nutrient limited lakes
and reservoirs. Lake Management Programs. Department of Biological Sciences. Kent
State University. Kent Ohio.
Correll, D.L. 1999. Phosphorus: A rate limiting nutrient in surface waters. Smithsonian
Environmental Research Center. Poultry Science 78: 674-682. Data retrieved January
12, 2010 from http://ps.fass.org/cgi/reprint/78/5/674.pdf
Florida LAKEWATCH. 2000. A beginners guide to water management – nutrients. Information
Circular 102. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida. Data
retrieved January 11, 2010 from http://lakewatch.ifas.ufl.edu/circpdffolder/102_ NUTRI
ENTS_FINAL_2004Red.pdf
Kent State University. 2008. The 2008 Secchi Dip In: The Secchi Disk. Great North American
Secchi Dip-In, Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Ohio. Accessed
January 5, 2009 from http://dipin.kent.edu/secchi.htm
Michigan Sea Grant. 2009. Flow: Fisheries learning on the web. Data retrieved January 7, 2009
from http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/flow/U2/U2-L4_clarity.html
Omernik, J. M. 1987. Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States. Map (scale
1:7,500,000).Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77(1):118-125.
SD DENR. 2005. Targeting Impaired Lakes in South Dakota. South Dakota Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Pierre, South Dakota. 15 pp.
SD DENR. 2008. The 2008 South Dakota Integrated Report for Surface Water Quality
Assessment. South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Pierre,
South Dakota. 269 pp.
50
USEPA. 2008. Water Quality Criteria for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution. United States
Environmental Protection Agency.
Data retrieved December 19, 2008 from
http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/nutrient/ecoregions/index.html
USEPA. 2009. National Lakes Assessment: A collaborative survey of the Nation’s lakes. EPA
841-R-09-001. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Data retrieved January
19, 2010 from http://www.epa.gov/lakessurvey/
Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Limnology 2nd Edition.
Pennsylvania. 855pp.
51
Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia,
52
Appendix A.
Beneficial Uses for South Dakota Waters
A-1
(1) Domestic Water Supply waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which are suitable for human
consumption, culinary or food processing purposes, and other household purposes after
suitable conventional treatment”
(2) Coldwater Permanent Fish Life Propagation waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which are capable of
supporting aquatic life and are suitable for supporting a permanent population of coldwater fish
from natural reproduction or fingerling stocking. Warmwater fish may also be present”
(3) Coldwater Marginal Fish Life Propagation waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which support aquatic life
and are suitable for stocked catchable-size coldwater fish during portions of the year, but which,
because of critical natural conditions including low flows, siltation, or warm temperatures, are
not suitable for a permanent coldwater fish population. Warmwater fish may also be present”
(4) Warmwater Permanent Fish Life Propagation waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which support aquatic life
and are suitable for the permanent propagation or maintenance, or both, of warmwater fish”
(5) Warmwater Semi-Permanent Fish Life Propagation waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which support aquatic life
and are suitable for the propagation or maintenance, or both, of warmwater fish but which may
suffer occasional fish kills because of critical natural conditions”
(6) Warmwater Marginal Fish Life Propagation waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which will support aquatic
life and more tolerant species of warmwater fish naturally or by frequent stocking and intensive
management but which suffer frequent fish kills because of critical natural conditions”
(7) Immersion Recreation waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which are suitable for uses
where the human body may come in direct contact with the water, to the point of complete
submersion and where water may be accidentally ingested or where certain sensitive organs
such as the eyes, ears, and nose may be exposed to water”
(8) Limited Contact Recreation waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which are suitable for
boating, fishing, and other water-related recreation other than immersion recreation where a
person's water contact would be limited to the extent that infections of eyes, ears, respiratory
or digestive systems, or urogenital areas would normally be avoided”
(9) Fish and Wildlife Propagation, Recreation, and Stock Watering waters
Definition: “a beneficial use classification assigned to all surface waters of the state that may
support recreation in and on the water and fish and aquatic life, when sufficient quantities of
water are present for sufficient duration to support those uses; that provide habitat for aquatic
and semi-aquatic wild animals and fowl; that provide natural food chain maintenance; and that
are of suitable quality for watering domestic and wild animals”
Appendix A
2
(10) Irrigation waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which are suitable for
irrigating farm lands, ranch lands, gardens, and recreational areas”
(11) Commerce and Industry waters
Definition: “a beneficial use assigned to surface waters of the state which are suitable for use as
cooling water, industrial process water, navigation, and production of hydroelectric power”
Appendix A
3
Numeric Criteria Assigned to
Parameters
(1)
(mg/L) except Domestic
where noted
Water Supply
Alkalinity
(CaCo3)
Barium
Chloride
Coliform, total
(per 100mL)
Beneficial Uses of Surface Waters in South Dakota
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Coldwater
Coldwater
Warmwater
Warmwater
permanent fish marginal fish
permanent fish semipermanent
life propagation life propagation life propagation fish life
propagation
(6)
(7)
Warmwater
immersion
marginal fish
Recreation
life propagation
(8)
(9)
Limited-contact Fish, wildlife
recreation
propagation,
recreation, &
stock watering
(11)
Commerce and
Industry
7501/13132
1.0
2501/4382
5,000 (mean);
20,000 (single
sample)
1001/1752
Coliform, fecal4
(per 100mL)
200 (mean);
400 (single
sample)
1,000 (mean);
2,000 (single
sample)
E. coli 4
(per 100mL)
126 (mean);
235 (single
sample)
630 (mean);
1,178 (single
sample)
Conductivity
(µmhos/cm @
25°C)
Fluoride
Hydrogen
sulfide
undissociated
(10)
Irrigation
4,0001/7,0002
2,5001/4,3752
4.0
Nitrogen, total
ammonia as N
Nitrogen,
10.0
nitrates as N
Oxygen
dissolved3
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
Equation-based Equation-based Equation-based Equation-based Equation-based
limit 1,2
limit 1,2
limit 1,2
limit 1,2
limit 1,2
501/882
≥ 6.0;
≥ 7.0 (during
spawning
season)
≥ 5.0
≥ 5.0;
≥ 5.0
≥ 6.0 (in Big
Stone Lk & Lk
Traverse during
Apr & May)
≥ 4.0 Oct-Apr;
≥5.0 May-Sept
≥ 5.0
pH (standard
6.5 - 9.0
6.5 - 9.0
6.5 - 9.0
6.5 - 9.0
6.5 - 9.0
6.0 - 9.0
units)
Sodium
Adsorption
Ratio
Solids,
301/532
901/1582
901/1582
901/1582
1501/2632
suspended
Solids, total
1,0001/1,7502
dissolved
Sulfate
5001/8752
Temperature
65
75
80
90
90
(°F)
Total Petroleum ≤ 1.0
Hydrocarbons
Oil and grease
1
2
30-day average as defined in ARSD 74:51:01:01 (60)
daily maximum
3
DO as measured anywhere in the water column of a non-stratified water body, or the epilimnion of a stratified waterbody
4
May 1 through September 30
Appendix A
4
≥ 5.0
6.0 - 9.5
6.0 - 9.5
10
2,5001/4,3752
≤ 10
≤ 10
2,0001/3,5002
Appendix B.
2011 Dakota Water Watch Water Quality Data
B-1
2012 Dakota Water Watch Data
General
Sample Site
ID
4401AAA
4401BB
4401BBB
4401CCC
4401DDD
4401EEE
4401FFF
4401GGG
4401HHH
4401HHH
4401HHH
4401HHH
4401HHH
4401III
4401JJJ
4401KKK
4401LLL
4401MMM
4401MMM
4401MMM
4401MMM
4401MMM
1708AAA
1708AAA
1708AAA
1708AAA
1708AAA
1708AAA
1708AAA
1708BBB
1708BBB
1708BBB
1708BBB
1708BBB
1708BBB
1708BBB
1708CCC
1708CCC
1708CCC
1708CCC
1708CCC
1708CCC
1708CCC
1708DDD
1708DDD
1708DDD
1708DDD
1708DDD
1708DDD
1708DDD
101-48-4A
102-48-4A
4302AAA
4302AAA
4302AAA
4302AAA
4302BB
4302BB
4302BB
4302BB
4302BB
4302BB
4302CCC
4302CCC
4302CCC
4302CCC
4302FFF
4302FFF
4302FFF
4302FFF
Date
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/11/2012
6/16/2012
7/16/2012
8/24/2012
10/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/16/2012
6/11/2012
6/16/2012
7/16/2012
8/24/2012
10/16/2012
4/1/2012
5/12/2012
6/3/2012
7/1/2012
8/5/2012
9/2/2012
10/14/2012
4/1/2012
5/12/2012
6/3/2012
7/1/2012
8/5/2012
9/2/2012
10/14/2012
4/1/2012
5/12/2012
6/3/2012
7/1/2012
8/5/2012
9/2/2012
10/14/2012
4/1/2012
5/12/2012
6/3/2012
7/1/2012
8/5/2012
9/2/2012
10/14/2012
8/1/2012
9/28/2012
6/28/2012
7/17/2012
8/19/2012
9/4/2012
6/28/2012
7/10/2012
7/17/2012
8/19/2012
8/20/2012
9/4/2012
6/28/2012
7/17/2012
8/19/2012
9/4/2012
6/28/2012
7/17/2012
8/19/2012
9/4/2012
Time
1000
1015
1000
945
1000
1000
1030
1030
1530
1015
1530
1230
1430
1015
1030
1015
1000
1530
945
1515
1200
1400
830
830
830
830
830
815
815
815
845
915
830
830
800
900
915
845
945
830
915
900
915
800
730
815
730
800
600
815
1715
1815
915
1530
1100
1215
1000
1600
1645
1200
930
1315
930
1545
1115
1215
930
1600
1115
1230
Lake/Stream
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Alvin
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Big Sioux River
Big Sioux River
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Appendix B
Weather Conditions
Monitor Name(s)
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
Mary Ellen Connely
SDCKA
Mary Ellen Connely
Mary Ellen Connely
Mary Ellen Connely
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
SDCKA
Mary Ellen Connely
SDCKA
Mary Ellen Connely
Mary Ellen Connely
Mary Ellen Connely
D'Este Chytka
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
Janet Evans
Janet Evans
Darryl Deurmier
Janet Evans
Janet Evans
Janet Evans
Janet Evans
Darryl Deurmier
Darryl Deurmier
Darryl Deurmier
Darryl Deurmier, Dave Ronfeldt
Darryl Deurmier, Dave Ronfeldt
Darryl Deurmier, Dave Ronfeldt
Darryl Deurmier, Dave Ronfeldt
Darryl Deurmier
Mike Chytka
Mike Chytka
Mike Chytka
Mike Chytka, Darryl Deurmier
Darryl Deurmier
Randy
Eugene Preston
Eugene Preston
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
Cloud
Coverage
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Wind Speed
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Strong Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Strong Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Calm
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Wind
Direction
Southwest
Southwest
West
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Northwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southeast
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Northwest
West
Southwest
Southeast
Southwest
Northeast
Southwest
Southwest
Northeast
East
Southeast
Northwest
Southeast
Southwest
South
East
N/A
Southeast
Northwest
Southeast
South
South
Southeast
Northwest
South
Northeast
East
N/A
South
N/A
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
N/A
South
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
South
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
Northeast
Southeast
South
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
South
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
Physical Conditions
Precip
in Past Transparency
24 hrs Average (m)
Water Appearance
No
0.28
Stained
No
No
0.28
Stained
No
0.30
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.63
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.21
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.50
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.78
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.49
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.47
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.54
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.60
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.57
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.25
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.28
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.40
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.20
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.20
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.19
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.30
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.29
comments
No
0.22
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.22
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
0.13
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.04
No
0.07
No
0.35
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.30
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.29
Stained
No
0.07
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.15
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.05
Stained
No
0.14
Stained
No
0.54
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.32
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.40
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.21
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.17
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.15
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.14
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.40
Stained
No
0.24
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.26
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
0.07
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.06
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.11
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.06
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.20
Stained
No
0.46
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
>1.7
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.50
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.90
Cloudy/Murky
No
1.40
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
2.0
Clear
No
2.6
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.3
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.6
Cloudy/Murky
No
1.2
Stained
No
0.9
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
>1.3
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.80
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
1.10
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.90
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
1.3
Clear
No
0.60
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.90
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
1.20
Clear with Suspended Particulates
2
Visible
Algae
Within
the
Water
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Water Color
Brown
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green/Brown
Clear
Brown
Green
Green
Yes
Green
Yes
Green
Yes
Green
Yes
Brown
Yes
Green
Yes
Brown
Yes
Brown
No
Green
commentsGreen
No
Green
No
Green
Yes
Green
Yes
Green
Yes
Green
Gray/Green
No
Green
No
Brown
Yes
Green
Yes
Green
Yes
Green
No
Green
No
Green
Green
Yes
Brown
No
Green
Yes
Green
Yes
Green
Green
Green
Yes
Green
Green
Yes
Green
No
Green
Yes
Green
Green
Green
No
Green
No
Clear
Yes
Green
No
Green
Yes
Green
Green
Green
Yes
Clear
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
No
Green
Yes
Green
Green
Green
Yes
Green
Yes
Green
Green
Surface Materials
None
None
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
Algae Mat/Scum/Foam
None
None
Foam
Foam
Foam
None
None
None
None
Floating Vegetation
None
None
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
None
Scum, Algae Mat
see comments
Foam
None
None
None
None
Scum, Algae Mat
Algae Mat
Foam
None
None
None
Algae Mat
Foam
None
Scum
Floating Vegetation
Scum
Dead Fish
Scum
Scum
None
None
None
None
Floating Vegetation
None
None
Algae Mat
None
None
None
Algae Mat
Algae Mat
None
Floating Vegetation
None
Algae Mat
Algae Mat
None
None
Scum
Algae Mat
Water Odor
None
None
None
None
None
None
Dead Fish
Dead Fish
None
None
None
Sewage/Manure
See Comments
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Sewage/Manure
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Sewage/Manure
Sewage/Manure
Sewage/Manure
Sewage/Manure
Sewage/Manure
None
Sewage/Manure
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Water
E. coli
Temperature Concentration
(°C)
(cfu/100mL)
100
0
280
0
13
13
13
0
7
0
29
89
25
0
13
13
0
7
7
40
22.5
93
13
29.5
27
25
13
14
7
16
7
18
0
18
7
26
33
24
0
24
7
9
0
15
0
17
0
20
0
27
13
23
7
23
13
8
0
17
0
17
33
17
40
26
7
23
0
24
7
8
0
12
7
11
0
20
20
22
7
20
47
23
0
6
7
30.0
66
17.5
117
23.0
0
30
20
22
0
25
0
22.5
29
30
22
22
25
24.0
7
30
0
22
0
25
0
25.0
0
30
7
22
0
25
0
2012 Dakota Water Watch Data
General
Sample Site
ID
4302NNN
4302NNN
4302NNN
4302NNN
4302OOO
4302OOO
4302OOO
4302OOO
4302SSS
4302SSS
4302SSS
4302SSS
9606AAA
9606AAA
9606AAA
9606AAA
9606AAA
9606AAA
9606BB
9606BB
9606BB
9606BB
9606BB
9606BB
9606FFF
9606FFF
9606FFF
9606FFF
9606FFF
9606FFF
9606FFF
9606HHH
9606HHH
9606HHH
9606HHH
9606HHH
9606HHH
9606HHH
4807AAA
4807AAA
4807AAA
4807AAA
4807BB
4807BB
4807BB
4807BB
4807DDD
4807DDD
4807DDD
4807DDD
4807QQQ
4807QQQ
4807QQQ
4807QQQ
4807QQQ
9503AAA
9503AAA
9503AAA
9503AAA
9503AAA
9503AAA
9613AAA
9613AAA
9613AAA
9613AAA
9613DDD
9613DDD
9613DDD
9613DDD
9613DDD
4208EEE
Date
6/28/2012
7/17/2012
8/19/2012
9/4/2012
6/28/2012
7/17/2012
8/19/2012
9/4/2012
6/28/2012
7/17/2012
8/19/2012
9/4/2012
6/19/2012
7/5/2012
7/19/2012
7/27/2012
8/1/2012
8/30/2012
7/5/2012
7/19/2012
7/27/2012
8/1/2012
8/14/2012
8/30/2012
6/19/2012
7/5/2012
7/19/2012
7/27/2012
8/1/2012
8/23/2012
8/30/2012
6/19/2012
7/5/2012
7/10/2012
7/19/2012
7/27/2012
8/1/2012
8/15/2012
7/15/2012
8/16/2012
9/15/2012
10/15/2012
7/2/2012
7/31/2012
9/3/2012
9/30/2012
7/15/2012
8/16/2012
9/15/2012
10/15/2012
5/15/2012
7/15/2012
8/16/2012
9/15/2012
10/15/2012
4/24/2012
5/23/2012
6/25/2012
7/31/2012
8/27/2012
10/1/2012
5/29/2012
7/21/2012
8/18/2012
9/29/2012
5/29/2012
6/14/2012
7/21/2012
8/23/2012
9/16/2012
6/26/2012
Time
945
1630
1145
1300
1000
1630
1145
1315
945
1600
1130
1245
1130
1000
1400
1115
1100
1430
1100
1330
1100
1045
1030
1415
1030
930
1315
1045
1030
845
1445
1000
915
830
1300
1030
1015
1330
1215
1645
1515
1015
1015
1015
1830
915
1230
1645
1530
1030
1045
1300
1700
1500
1000
1030
930
1000
930
930
1530
1130
1300
1015
1700
1115
1115
1030
1000
1845
1545
Lake/Stream
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Brant Lake
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Clear Lake (Marshall)
Dry Lake
Dry Lake
Dry Lake
Dry Lake
Dry Lake
Dry Lake
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake
East Oakwood Lake
Henry
Appendix B
Weather Conditions
Monitor Name(s)
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
David Phalen
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Marcia Forrester
Phil George
Phil George
Phil George
Phil George, K Hansen
Phil George, K Hansen
Phil George, K Hansen
Phil George, K Hansen
Nick Dakhow, Gus Buss, Marcia Forrester
Phil George
Phil George
Phil George
Phil George, K Hansen
Marcia Forrester
Phil George
Phil George
Phil George
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Larry Wittmeier
Larry Wittmeier
Janie Wittmeier
Janie Wittmeier
Bob Schultz
Bob Schultz
Bob Schultz
Bob Schultz
Bob Schultz
Kenneth Tjaden
Precip
in Past Transparency
24 hrs Average (m)
Water Appearance
No
2.5
Clear
No
0.30
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
0.9
Stained
No
>1.10
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
1.0
Clear
No
0.25
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.8
Stained
No
0.9
Stained
No
1.4
Clear
No
No
1.0
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
1.05
Stained
No
0.88
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.26
Stained
No
No
0.38
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.34
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.29
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.33
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.33
No
0.35
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.43
Cloudy/Murky
0.30
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.27
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.33
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.35
Stained
No
0.31
No
0.33
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.40
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.34
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
No
0.25
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.25
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.31
Stained
No
No
0.33
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.40
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.35
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.35
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.35
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
No
0.28
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.28
Cloudy/Murky
No
>1.0
Clear
No
0.62
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.64
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
>0.85
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
>1
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.70
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
0.86
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.88
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
>1
Clear
No
0.55
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
>0.72
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
>0.78
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Cloud
Coverage
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Wind Speed
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Southwest
South
Northwest
North
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
East
North
Southeast
South
N/A
South
Southeast
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
>1
0.65
>0.90
>0.72
>0.52
>0.48
>0.46
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear
Clear
No
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Green
Green
Green
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
East
North
Northwest
Southwest
N/A
N/A
Northwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Northeast
Southeast
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
>0.20
>0.40
0.36
0.20
0.13
0.28
0.4
0.35
0.38
0.30
0.40
0.67
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear
Cloudy/Murky
Clear
Stained
Cloudy/Murky
Stained
Stained
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Stained
Clear
Clear
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Green
green/brown
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
None
None
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
None
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Slight Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Calm
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Wind
Direction
South
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
South
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
South
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
Southwest
North
North
Southeast
Southwest
Northwest
Physical Conditions
Visible
Algae
Within
the
Water
East
Southwest
N/A
Northwest
Southwest
South
N/A
South
Northwest
Southwest
Southwest
East
North
Southeast
South
Southwest
South
Northeast
N/A
Southeast
North
Southwest
South
3
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Water Color
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Clear
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Clear
Clear
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Clear
Surface Materials
None
None
Algae Mat
None
None
None
Algae Mat
Floating Vegetation
cottonwood fluff
None
Algae Mat
Algae Mat
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Algae Mat
Algae Mat
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Water Odor
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Water
E. coli
Temperature Concentration
(°C)
(cfu/100mL)
23.0
0
30
0
22
0
25
0
22.5
0
30
7
22
0
25
0
25.0
0
30
20
22
0
25
0
25
33
27
0
30.5
23.5
26
0
25.5
0
27
29.5
24
26
20
24
25
7
28.5
7
30.5
24
25.5
0
22
25
0
27
7
28
0
25.0
30
24
25
0
23
25.0
7
21
20
18.0
27
7.5
7
25.0
25
21.0
14.0
23.0
0
21.5
40
18.5
647
7.5
0
7
27.0
127
21
7
17.5
27
7.5
13
11
7
6
273
53
67
27
16
13
17.5
33
29.5
30
20
33
15
53
17
13
20.5
240
29
20
22.5
87
21
20
26
27
2012 Dakota Water Watch Data
General
Sample Site
ID
4208EEE
4208EEE
4306AAA
4306AAA
4306AAA
4306AAA
4306AAA
4306AAA
4306AAA
4306BBB
4306BBB
4306BBB
4306BBB
4306BBB
4306BBB
4306HHH
4306HHH
4306HHH
4306HHH
4306HHH
4306HHH
9508DDD
4308AAA
4308AAA
4308AAA
4308AAA
4308AAA
4308AAA
4308AAA
4308AAA
4308AAA
4309BB
4309BB
4309CCC
4309CCC
4309CCC
4309CCC
4309DDD
4309DDD
4309DDD
4309DDD
4309DDD
4309DDD
4309DDD
4309DDD
6202AA
6202AA
6202AA
6202AA
6202AA
6202AA
6202AA
6202CC
6202CC
6202CC
6202CC
6202CC
6202CC
6202CC
6202EE
6202EE
6202EE
6202EE
6202EE
6202EE
6202EE
6202FF
6202FF
6202FF
6202FF
6202FF
Date
7/28/2012
9/28/2012
4/24/2012
5/22/2012
6/19/2012
7/17/2012
8/21/2012
9/18/2012
10/23/2012
4/24/2012
5/22/2012
6/19/2012
7/17/2012
8/21/2012
9/18/2012
4/24/2012
5/22/2012
6/19/2012
7/17/2012
8/21/2012
9/18/2012
7/30/2012
5/23/2012
6/19/2012
6/22/2012
7/5/2012
7/14/2012
7/17/2012
8/13/2012
8/22/2012
9/18/2012
7/8/2012
8/20/2012
4/24/2012
5/22/2012
7/17/2012
8/21/2012
4/24/2012
4/24/2012
5/22/2012
5/22/2012
6/19/2012
7/17/2012
8/21/2012
10/23/2012
4/21/2012
5/22/2012
6/25/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
9/16/2012
10/8/2012
4/21/2012
5/22/2012
6/25/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
9/16/2012
10/8/2012
4/21/2012
5/22/2012
6/25/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
9/16/2012
10/8/2012
4/21/2012
5/22/2012
6/25/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
Time
1430
1615
815
815
730
730
800
845
845
845
830
745
800
830
900
800
800
800
800
900
800
730
1015
900
1345
1545
1530
800
1630
845
800
1430
1745
830
700
1315
1000
1400
800
1300
730
815
845
800
1030
945
1830
1800
1400
1830
1815
1800
1000
1845
1745
1345
1815
1815
1745
1000
1845
1745
1345
1815
1800
1815
1015
1845
1745
1345
1815
Lake/Stream
Henry
Henry
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Herman
Kampeska
Long Lake
Long Lake
Long Lake
Long Lake
Long Lake
Long Lake
Long Lake
Long Lake
Long Lake
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
Madison
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
Appendix B
Weather Conditions
Monitor Name(s)
Kenneth Tjaden
Darvin Sandve
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Howard Stoel
Howard Stoel
Howard Stoel
Howard Stoel
Howard Stoel
Howard Stoel
Laura Caron
Carol DeShepper
Carol DeShepper
Carol DeShepper
Carol DeShepper
Carol DeShepper
Carol DeShepper
Carol DeShepper
Carol DeShepper
Carol DeShepper
Jeremiah Corbin
Jeremiah Corbin
Vic Graham
Vic Graham
Vic Graham
Vic Graham
Charles Hill
Charles Hill
Charles Hill
Charles Hill
Charles Hill
Charles Hill
Charles Hill
Charles Hill
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Physical Conditions
Visible
Algae
Within
the
Water
Northwest
Southeast
N/A
N/A
Precip
in Past Transparency
24 hrs Average (m)
Water Appearance
No
Cloudy/Murky
No
>1
No
0.42
Cloudy/Murky
No
N/A
Stained
No
0.49
Stained
No
0.29
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.41
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
>0.57
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.52
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.53
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.27
Stained
No
0.54
Clear
No
0.25
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.54
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
>0.60
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.9
No
0.4
Stained
No
0.60
No
0.40
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
0.50
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
>0.70
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
>0.60
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Partly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Mostly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
Yes
No
No
0.55
0.82
0.67
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
Clear
No
Cloudy/Murky
No
Green
Clear
Green
None
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
None
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Northwest
Southeast
No
Yes
0.45
0.51
Clear
Clear
No
No
Green
Brown
None
None
None
None
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Northeast
Southeast
N/A
Southwest
East
Southeast
North
No
No
No
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear
Clear
Stained
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
1.03
2.2
>0.90
>1.2
0.85
>0.80
0.87
Yes
Yes
Yes
Green
Green
Clear
Clear
Brown
Green
Green
Foam
Foam
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Clear
Strong Breeze
Southeast
No
0.73
Stained
No
Brown
cottonwood seeds
None
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Moderate Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Southeast
Northeast
East
South
Southwest
South
Southeast
Northeast
South
South
Northwest
Southwest
South
Southeast
Southeast
South
South
Northwest
Southwest
South
Southeast
Southeast
South
South
Northwest
Southwest
South
Southeast
Southeast
South
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
0.31
0.66
>0.79
>0.50
0.4
0.3
0.40
0.46
0.45
0.36
0.31
0.52
0.45
0.50
0.41
0.45
0.38
0.40
0.6
0.4
0.45
0.36
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.58
0.45
0.40
0.37
0.38
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear
Clear
Clear
Cloudy/Murky
Clear
Clear
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear
Clear
Clear
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Clear
Clear
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear
Clear
Clear
No
No
No
Clear
Clear
Clear with Suspended Particulates
Clear
Clear
Clear
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
No
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
None
see comments
see comments
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Dead Fish
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Cloud
Coverage
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Wind Speed
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Strong Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Mostly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Moderate Breeze
Clear
Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Calm
Partly Cloudy Calm
Wind
Direction
Southeast
Southeast
N/A
South
East
East
East
Southeast
East
N/A
South
East
East
East
Southeast
Southwest
Southeast
4
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Water Color
Green
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Clear
Green
Clear
Clear
Brown
Brown
Clear
Clear
Green
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Brown
Surface Materials
see comments
Floating Vegetation
Foam
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Foam
None
None
None
Dead Fish
None
None
some algae
see comments
None
Water Odor
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Ammonia
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Water
E. coli
Temperature Concentration
(°C)
(cfu/100mL)
25
7
15
0
12
7
15
1100
24
67
25
0
21
1133
13
17
9.5
12
0
15
78
22
0
25
22
20
100
14
50
13
0
17
217
23
33
26
17
20
33
14
33
24
33
0
11
27
30
30
11
21.5
21.5
50
29
23.5
14
0
18
100
28
111
21.5
0
26.5
0
17
58
24
0
26
67
20
33
9.5
14.19
13
19.28
33
26.83
40
26.75
20
24.56
7
19.85
27
13.02
20
13.65
40
28.05
20
28.05
7
28.12
20
26.05
13
20.42
27
12.43
27
13.51
7
21.25
20
27.82
133
27.88
0
26.83
0
21.02
20
12.6
7
13.59
13
21.38
20
27.43
13
27.54
7
27.2
13
2012 Dakota Water Watch Data
General
Sample Site
ID
6202FF
6202FF
6202GG
6202GG
6202GG
6202GG
6202GG
6202GG
6202GG
6202HH
6202HH
6202HH
6202HH
6202HH
6202HH
6202HH
6202LL
6202LL
6202LL
6202LL
6202LL
6202LL
6202LL
6202MM
6202MM
6202MM
6202MM
6202MM
6202MM
6202MM
9614AA
9614AAA
9614AAA
9614AAA
9614AAA
9614AAA
9614BBB
9614BBB
9614BBB
9614BBB
9517EEE
9517EEE
9517EEE
9517EEE
9517EEE
9517EEE
9517MMM
9517MMM
9517MMM
9517MMM
9517MMM
1608AA
1608AA
3215AAA
3215AAA
3215BB
3215BB
3215DDD
3215DDD
3215GGG
3215GGG
3215GGG
3215TTT
3215TTT
3215TTT
3215TTT
3215TTT
4835BB
4835BB
102-48-2A
102-48-2A
Date
9/16/2012
10/8/2012
4/21/2012
5/22/2012
6/25/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
9/16/2012
10/8/2012
4/21/2012
5/22/2012
6/25/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
9/16/2012
10/8/2012
4/21/2012
5/22/2012
6/25/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
9/16/2012
10/8/2012
4/21/2012
5/22/2012
6/25/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
9/16/2012
10/8/2012
9/18/2012
5/29/2012
6/14/2012
7/21/2012
8/23/2012
9/16/2012
5/29/2012
7/21/2012
8/18/2012
9/29/2012
4/25/2012
5/30/2012
7/2/2012
8/1/2012
8/29/2012
9/27/2012
5/9/2012
6/6/2012
7/10/2012
8/7/2012
9/6/2012
6/19/2012
7/23/2012
7/9/2010
9/6/2012
7/1/2012
9/9/2012
6/7/2012
7/11/2012
7/24/2012
8/28/2012
9/25/2012
5/29/2012
7/10/2012
7/31/2012
8/28/2012
10/2/2012
7/13/2012
8/17/2012
5/24/2012
8/30/2012
Time
1800
1745
1000
1900
1745
1345
1815
1800
1745
1015
1900
1745
1330
1815
1800
1815
1015
1915
1730
1330
1800
1745
1730
1015
1900
1730
1330
1800
1745
1745
1030
1000
930
945
845
1745
1100
1045
1115
1645
830
830
930
745
830
1000
845
900
930
1415
930
1345
1015
1300
1200
1930
1800
830
1315
1230
1015
1100
845
815
900
915
830
930
1330
1630
930
Lake/Stream
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
North Oakwood Lake
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pelican
Pocasse
Pocasse
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Poinsett
Roy Lake
Roy Lake
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Appendix B
Weather Conditions
Monitor Name(s)
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Larry Wittmeier
Bob Schultz
Bob Schultz
Bob Schultz
Bob Schultz
Bob Schultz
Larry Wittmeier
Larry Wittmeier
Janie Wittmeier
Janie Wittmeier
Dean W. Jordan
Dean W. Jordan
Dean W. Jordan
Dean W. Jordan
Dean W. Jordan
Dean W. Jordan
Don Heim
Don Heim
Don Heim
Don Heim
Don Heim
Janice Haan
Janice Haan
Ivan Palmer
Ivan Palmer
Susan & Gary Fisher
Susan & Gary Fisher
Mike Glavaris
Mike Glavaris
Judith Nofziger
Judith Nofziger
Judith Nofziger
Susan Fisher
Susan Fisher
Susan Fisher
Susan & Gary Fisher
Susan & Gary Fisher
Dennis Skadsen
Dennis Skadsen
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Cloud
Coverage
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Overcast
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Overcast
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Partly Cloudy
Wind Speed
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Calm
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Strong Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Calm
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Wind
Direction
South
Northwest
Southwest
South
Southeast
Southeast
South
South
Northwest
Southwest
South
Southeast
Southeast
South
South
Northwest
Southwest
South
Southeast
Southeast
South
South
Northwest
Southwest
South
Southeast
Southeast
South
South
Northwest
Southwest
Northwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Northeast
Northwest
South
N/A
N/A
Northwest
Southeast
South
South
Southeast
Southeast
North
Southeast
N/A
East
South
Northeast
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
South
Northeast
Southeast
East
Southeast
North
Northwest
N/A
Southeast
East
Southwest
Northwest
N/A
N/A
Southwest
Physical Conditions
Visible
Algae
Within
the
Water
No
No
No
Precip
in Past Transparency
24 hrs Average (m)
Water Appearance
No
0.39
Clear
No
0.55
Clear
Yes
0.7
No
0.45
Clear
No
0.50
Clear
No
Yes
0.37
Clear
No
No
0.33
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.41
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
0.50
Clear
No
Yes
0.65
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
0.4
Clear
No
0.45
Clear
Yes
0.31
Clear
No
No
0.3
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.43
Clear
No
No
0.40
Clear
No
Yes
0.65
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
0.35
Clear
No
0.55
Clear
No
Yes
0.38
No
No
0.25
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.39
Clear
No
No
0.35
Clear
No
Yes
0.60
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
0.4
Clear
No
0.45
Clear
Yes
0.36
Clear
No
No
0.3
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.38
Clear
No
0.35
Clear
No
No
0.20
Cloudy/Murky
No
Yes
0.4
Stained
No
Yes
0.30
Stained
No
Yes
0.28
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.30
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.25
Stained
No
No
0.40
Cloudy/Murky
0.19
Cloudy/Murky
No
Yes
0.17
Stained
No
No
0.19
Cloudy/Murky
No
Yes
0.41
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
0.41
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
No
0.60
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
0.21
Stained
Yes
Yes
0.26
Stained
Yes
No
0.37
Stained
Yes
No
0.60
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
0.65
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
>0.85
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
0.40
Stained
No
No
0.40
Stained
No
0.55
Yes
0.15
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
2.03
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
1.35
Cloudy/Murky
No
2.98
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
0.58
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
No
>1.5
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
>1.10
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
Yes
>1.10
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
Yes
see comments Stained
No
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
0.08
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
No
>1
Clear with Suspended Particulates
No
1.20
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
Yes
1.4
Cloudy/Murky
No
Yes
>0.86
Cloudy/Murky
1.78
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
No
1.0
Yes
Yes
0.08
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.14
Stained
No
5
Water Color
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Clear
Green
Brown
Surface Materials
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Water Odor
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Rotten Eggs
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Brown/Green
Green
Brown
Green
Brown
Green
Green
Green/Brown
Floating Vegetation
Algae
Floating Vegetation
None
Algae Mat
None
None
Floating Vegetation
None
Algae Mat
Foam, green clumps
None
Floating Vegetation
Floating Vegetation
see comments
None
None
None
None
None
N/A
Clear
Green
Brown
Brown
See Comments
See Comments
None
Decaying Material
None
None
None
None
None
fishy
See Comments
See Comments
None
None
None
None
Water
E. coli
Temperature Concentration
(°C)
(cfu/100mL)
21.23
7
12.43
7
13.54
7
21.29
27
27.7
0
27.84
0
25.6
7
21.21
0
12.48
7
13.48
0
21.07
27
29.14
0
27.74
0
25.93
0
20.62
0
12.59
27
13.96
7
21.11
20
27.79
7
28.54
0
24.43
7
19.97
20
12.03
0
13.69
13
20.91
20
29.14
93
27.93
13
25.76
87
20.33
13
12.17
47
15
16
27
20
913
28.5
13
22
33
19.5
0
16
87
27.5
33
21
7
15
40
15
0
15
73
27
133
25
60
24
53
13
113
13
0
19
0
26
7
24
80
20
13
22
26.5
27.0
27
21.5
0
26
20
20.5
7
27.5
27
26
7
22
53
14
0
6
107
25
40
26
27
24
0
15
7
25.5
21.0
16
5666
23.5
983
2012 Dakota Water Watch Data
General
Sample Site
ID
102-48-2A
102-48-2A
103-47-17A
103-47-17A
103-47-17A
103-47-17A
103-47-17A
103-47-17A
103-47-17A
118-52-5A
118-52-5A
118-52-5A
118-52-5A
118-52-5A
4222JJJ
4222JJJ
4222JJJ
4222MMM
4222MMM
102-48-5A
102-48-5A
102-48-5A
102-48-5A
2226AA
2227AA
9615AA
9615AA
9615AA
9615AA
9615AAA
9615AAA
9615AAA
9615AAA
9615AAA
9615BBB
9615BBB
9615BBB
9615BBB
9615BBB
9615BBB
9615BBB
9615CCC
9615CCC
9615CCC
9615CCC
9615CCC
9615DDD
9615DDD
9615DDD
9615DDD
9615DDD
9615FFF
9615FFF
9615FFF
9615FFF
9615FFF
9615GGG
9615GGG
9615GGG
102-48-10A
102-48-10A
102-48-10A
102-48-10A
Date
9/27/2012
10/31/2012
4/25/2012
5/23/2012
6/28/2012
7/17/2012
8/24/2012
9/27/2012
10/16/2012
4/24/2012
5/23/2012
6/25/2012
7/31/2012
8/27/2012
6/26/2012
7/28/2012
9/28/2012
6/26/2012
9/8/2012
5/24/2012
8/30/2012
9/27/2012
10/31/2012
8/7/2012
8/7/2012
6/12/2012
7/23/2012
8/21/2012
9/16/2012
6/9/2012
7/21/2012
8/18/2012
9/16/2012
9/29/2012
6/9/2012
6/25/2012
7/21/2012
7/23/2012
8/18/2012
8/21/2012
9/29/2012
5/29/2012
6/14/2012
7/21/2012
8/23/2012
9/16/2012
5/29/2012
6/14/2012
7/21/2012
8/23/2012
9/16/2012
5/29/2012
6/14/2012
7/21/2012
8/23/2012
9/16/2012
6/8/2012
7/21/2012
8/18/2012
5/24/2012
8/30/2012
9/27/2012
10/31/2012
Time
945
1030
1930
1830
1815
1930
1930
1915
1730
1100
945
1030
945
945
1500
1315
1530
1900
1415
1600
900
900
1000
900
1015
1000
900
1430
930
1800
1145
1130
930
1215
1800
1515
1145
930
1115
1445
1200
1045
845
915
945
1700
1030
900
930
930
1715
1015
915
945
915
1730
1130
700
1730
1615
915
930
1015
Lake/Stream
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Split Rock Creek
Still Lake Outlet
Still Lake Outlet
Still Lake Outlet
Still Lake Outlet
Still Lake Outlet
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
unnamed pond
unnamed pond
unnamed pond
unnamed pond
Waubay (North)
Waubay (South)
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
West Pipestone Creek
West Pipestone Creek
West Pipestone Creek
West Pipestone Creek
Appendix B
Weather Conditions
Monitor Name(s)
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Dave & Mary Finck
Dave & Mary Finck
Dave & Mary Finck
Dave & Mary Finck
Dave & Mary Finck
Dave & Mary Finck
Dave & Mary Finck
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Vincent Flemming
Darvin Sandve
Darvin Sandve
Darvin Sandve
Darvin Sandve
Darvin Sandve
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Dennis Skadsen
Dennis Skadsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Philip Langner
Philip Langner
Philip Langner
Lee Larsen
Philip Langner
Philip Langner
Lee Larsen
Philip Langner
Lee Larsen
Philip Langner
Lee Larsen
Philip Langner
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Lee Larsen
Roger Bommersbach
Roger Bommersbach
Roger Bommersbach
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Jeanne Fromm
Physical Conditions
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Wind
Direction
N/A
N/A
Northwest
Northwest
N/A
N/A
South
N/A
N/A
North
South
Southeast
Precip
in Past Transparency
24 hrs Average (m)
Water Appearance
No
0.23
Clear
Yes
>0.60
Clear
No
0.25
Clear
Yes
0.12
No
0.33
Clear
No
0.33
Yes
0.41
Clear
No
0.33
Cloudy/Murky
No
0.34
Stained
No
0.41
Clear
Yes
>0.35
Stained
No
>0.18
Stained
Slight Breeze
Strong Breeze
Strong Breeze
Slight Breeze
Strong Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
Calm
Calm
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Strong Breeze
Calm
Slight Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Slight Breeze
Strong Breeze
Partly Cloudy Moderate Breeze
Partly Cloudy Calm
Mostly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Mostly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Clear
Slight Breeze
Clear
Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Overcast
Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Overcast
Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Overcast
Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Strong Breeze
Clear
Moderate Breeze
Overcast
Slight Breeze
Partly Cloudy Slight Breeze
Overcast
Calm
Partly Cloudy Moderate Breeze
Clear
Calm
Partly Cloudy Calm
East
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
Southeast
West
N/A
Southeast
N/A
N/A
Northeast
Northeast
Northwest
Southeast
South
North
South
N/A
South
North
Southeast
South
Southeast
N/A
Southeast
South
South
Southeast
Northwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Northeast
Northwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Northeast
Northwest
Southwest
Southwest
Southwest
Northeast
South
Northwest
Southeast
N/A
Southeast
N/A
N/A
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Cloud
Coverage
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Overcast
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Overcast
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Mostly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Partly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Partly Cloudy
Clear
Wind Speed
Calm
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Moderate Breeze
Calm
Calm
Moderate Breeze
Calm
Calm
6
DRY
>1
0.50
0.70
0.36
>0.45
>0.60
0.09
0.06
0.23
2.3
2.55
0.43
0.40
0.33
0.35
0.23
>0.63
0.35
>0.84
0.25
0.38
0.21
0.33
>0.83
0.30
>0.84
0.45
0.53
0.33
0.30
0.30
0.5
0.48
0.33
0.30
0.28
0.45
0.50
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.35
0.20
0.06
0.13
0.36
>0.60
Visible
Algae
Within
the
Water
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
Clear
No
Stained
No
Clear with Suspended Particulates No
Clear
Yes
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
Clear with Suspended Particulates Yes
Cloudy/Murky
Yes
Cloudy/Murky
No
Stained
No
Stained
Stained
Clear
Stained
Cloudy/Murky
Stained
Stained
Clear
Cloudy/Murky
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Cloudy/Murky
Clear
Stained
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Clear
Stained
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Clear
Stained
Cloudy/Murky
Stained
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Cloudy/Murky
Stained
Clear
Clear
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Water Color
Brown
Clear
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Clear
Clear
Surface Materials
None
None
None
None
None
Scum
None
see comments
None
None
None
Algae Mat
Water Odor
None
None
None
None
None
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Clear
Brown
Brown
Brown
Green
Green
Clear
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green/Brown
Green
Green
Brown
Brown
Brown
Clear
None
none/lite algae
Floating Vegetation
Floating Vegetation
Floating Vegetation
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
Algae Mat
see comments
None
None
None
None
None
none/grn algae smell
None
None
None
None
None
None
see comments
None
None
None
None
None
None
see comments
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Algae Mat
Floating Vegetation
None
None
None
None
None
Dead Fish
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
See Comments
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Decaying Material
None
None
None
None
None
None
Water
E. coli
Temperature Concentration
(°C)
(cfu/100mL)
10.5
17
4.5
7
19
0
19
500
26
1933
30
567
22
11
15
0
13
11
14
53
7
273
833
287
24
26
15
25
21
17
22
9
3
24
24.5
19
28.5
23.0
18
23
28
60
0
7
87
0
0
93
50
0
33
27
33
17.5
23
25.0
28.5
28
0
47
67
20
23.5
17
20
28.0
22
20.5
17
20
28
22
20.5
17
20
28
22
20
22
27
15
20.5
9
4
0
40
27600
40
20
20
27
40
120
27
13
7
273
87
0
27
160
7
2367
0
533
20
Lake Index water chemistry results (analysis performed by the South Dakota State Health Lab)
4302BB Brant Lake
4807BB Clear Lake (Marshall County)
Date Collected
Time Collected
7/10/2012
1600
Date Collected
Time Collected
7/31/2012
1015
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
0.21 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
1.66 mg/L
0.297 mg/L
8.7
29°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
1.23 mg/L
0.048 mg/L
-----
Date Collected
Time Collected
8/20/2012
940
Date Collected
Time Collected
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
2.72 mg/L
0.546 mg/L
8.9
22°C
WQM
WQM
4302BB Brant Lake
4807BB Clear Lake (Marshall County)
WQM
9/3/2012
1835
WQM
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
4302BB Brant Lake
Date Collected
Time Collected
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
1.27 mg/L
0.053 mg/L
-----
4807BB Clear Lake (Marshall County)
9/4/2012
1315
WQM
Date Collected
Time Collected
9/30/2012
915
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
1.11 mg/L
0.013 mg/L
-----
WQM
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
2.01 mg/L
0.495 mg/L
8.8
25°C
9606BB Lake Campbell
Date Collected
Time Collected
4309BB Lake Madison
7/5/2012
1100
Date Collected
Time Collected
WQM
7/8/2012
1430
WQM
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
2.39 mg/L
0.524 mg/L
8.8
27°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
Date Collected
Time Collected
8/14/2012
1030
Date Collected
Time Collected
8/20/2012
1745
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
2.16 mg/L
0.764 mg/L
8.6
20°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
1.12 mg/L
0.431 mg/L
9.1
23.5°C
9606BB Lake Campbell
0.50 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
1.63 mg/L
0.234 mg/L
8.2
29°C
4309BB Lake Madison
WQM
WQM
4807BB Clear Lake (Marshall County)
Date Collected
Time Collected
6202EE McCook Lake
7/2/2012
1015
WQM
Date Collected
Time Collected
6/25/2012
1749
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
0.62 mg/L
0.065 mg/L
8.17
27.82°C
WQM
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
Appendix B
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
0.78 mg/L
0.022 mg/L
8.8
25.0°C
7
6202EE McCook Lake
3215BB Lake Poinsett
Date Collected
Time Collected
8/27/2012
1819
Date Collected
Time Collected
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
0.69 mg/L
0.052 mg/L
8.34
27.94°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
Date Collected
Time Collected
6/25/2012
1734
Date Collected
Time Collected
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
0.60 mg/L
0.060 mg/L
7.60
29.14°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
Date Collected
Time Collected
8/27/2012
1804
Date Collected
Time Collected
6/19/2012
1345
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
0.84 mg/L
0.073 mg/L
8.04
25.76°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
0.09 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
1.52 mg/L
0.354 mg/L
--22°C
Date Collected
Time Collected
6/20/2012
1200
Date Collected
Time Collected
7/23/2012
1015
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
2.07 mg/L
0.155 mg/L
8.7
26.5°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
0.08 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
7.10 mg/L
0.676 mg/L
--26.9°C
Date Collected
Time Collected
7/10/2012
900
Date Collected
Time Collected
7/13/2012
930
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
3.06 mg/L
0.218 mg/L
8.6
27.5°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
0.82 mg/L
0.040 mg/L
8.45
25.5°C
Date Collected
Time Collected
9/18/2012
1030
Date Collected
Time Collected
8/17/2012
1338
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
4.43 mg/L
0.245 mg/L
8.8
15°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
1.10 mg/L
0.060 mg/L
8.53
21.2°C
WQM
7/1/2012
1926
WQM
6202MM McCook Lake
<0.05 mg/L
<0.02 mg/L
1.21 mg/L
0.198 mg/L
-----
3215BB Lake Poinsett
WQM
9/9/2012
1800
WQM
6202MM McCook Lake
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
2.54 mg/L
0.077 mg/L
--20°C
1608AA Pocassee Lake
WQM
WQM
9614AA North Oakwood Lake
1608AA Pocassee Lake
WQM
WQM
9614AA North Oakwood Lake
4835BB Roy Lake
WQM
WQM
9614AA North Oakwood Lake
4835BB Roy Lake
WQM
WQM
Appendix B
8
2226AA Waubay Lake (North)
Date Collected
Time Collected
9615AA West Oakwood Lake
8/7/2012
905
WQM
Date Collected
Time Collected
7/23/2012
900
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
3.72 mg/L
0.262 mg/L
9.0
28.5°C
WQM
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
3.25 mg/L
0.270 mg/L
8.7
24°C
2227AA Waubay Lake (South)
Date Collected
Time Collected
9615AA West Oakwood Lake
8/7/2012
1015
Date Collected
Time Collected
8/21/2012
1430
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
2.22 mg/L
0.196 mg/L
8.75
24.3°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
0.12 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
4.27 mg/L
0.224 mg/L
9.2
23°C
Date Collected
Time Collected
6/12/2012
1000
Date Collected
Time Collected
9/17/2012
930
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
2.94 mg/L
0.218 mg/L
8.8
19°C
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
<0.05 mg/L
<0.2 mg/L
4.18 mg/L
0.212 mg/L
9.3
18.0°C
WQM
WQM
Ammonia (EPA Method 350.2/350.3)
Nitrate
TKN
Phosphorus, total
Field pH
Water Temperature
9615AA West Oakwood Lake
9615AA West Oakwood Lake
WQM
WQM
Dakota Water Watch Chlorophyll-a Values
Lake
North Oakwood
Campbell
McCook
McCook
Pocasse
Poinsett
West Oakwood
SampleDate
StationID
Chlorophyll-a (ppb),
Uncorrected for
Pheophytin
6/20/2012
6/18/2012
6/25/2012
6/25/2012
6/19/2012
6/18/2012
6/18/2012
9614AA
SWLAZZZ9606
6202EE
6202MM
1608AA
SWLAZZZ3215
9615AA
57.01404*
55.40827*
11.14228*
10.62004*
16.79312*
4.541024*
125.4238*
* da ta col l ected by the South Da kota DENR a s pa rt of the s ta tewi de l a ke moni tori ng
Appendix B
9
Trophic Status calculated with available data. When multiple samples for a specific parameter were
available, the median of all calculated Trophic State Index (TSI) values for that parameter was used.
The aggregate TSI number is the median of the TSI values calculated for Secchi disk, Chlorophyll-a,
and/or Total Phosphorus. (NDC=No Data Collected)
Trophic Status Calculation Results 2012
Lake
Brant Lake
Lake Campbell
Clear Lake (Marshall County)
Lake Madison
McCook Lake
Lake Pocasse
Lake Poinsett
North Oakwood Lake
West Oakwood Lake
Roy Lake
Waubay Lake North
Waubay Lake South
TSI
(Secchi Depth)
59
75**
62
53
73
NDC
50**
83
74
57**
48
46
TSI
(Chl-a )
NDC
70*
NDC
NDC
54
58
45*
70
78
NDC
NDC
NDC
TSI
(Phosphorus)
94
97**
54
87
64
93
80**
82
82
58**
85
80
Aggregate
TSI
Trophic Status
77
75
58
70
64
76
50
82
78
58
67
63
Hypeutrophic
Hypeutrophic
Eutrophic
Hypeutrophic
Eutrophic
Hypeutrophic
Mesotrophic
Hypeutrophic
Hypeutrophic
Eutrophic
Hypeutrophic
Eutrophic
* Va l ue ca l cul a ted us i ng da ta col l ected by the South Da kota DENR
** Va l ue ca l cul a ted by us i ng da ta col l ected by the South Da kota DENR i n a ddi ti on to da ta col l ected by Da kota Wa ter Wa tch vol unteers
Quality control measures were performed for Dakota Water Watch. All blanks were no detections in
2012. It is desirable to have the percent difference between duplicates and the regular samples to be
≤10%. However, the magnitude of the numbers involved must be taken into consideration. For
example: the E. coli sample collected on 6/19/12 from site 9606HHH (Lake Campbell) contained 7
cfu/100mL but the duplicate was a no detection. The result of this was that the percent difference
was 200%, even though the absolute difference was only 7 cfu/100mL.
2012 E. coli Blank Samples (Field and Lab)
Sample Site
ID
1708AAA
1708BBB
1708CCC
1708DDD
9606AAA
9606AAA
4306AAA
4306BBB
4306HHH
4309CCC
4309DDD
6202AA
6202CC
6202FF
6202FF
6202GG
6202GG
6202LL
Lake/Stream
Andes
Andes
Andes
Andes
Campbell
Campbell
Herman
Herman
Herman
Madison
Madison
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
McCook Lake
Appendix B
Date
6/3/2012
6/3/2012
6/3/2012
6/3/2012
8/1/2012
8/30/2012
6/19/2012
6/19/2012
5/22/2012
8/21/2012
7/17/2012
4/21/2012
10/8/2012
6/25/2012
9/16/2012
7/28/2012
8/27/2012
5/22/2012
Collection
Time
830
915
945
815
1100
1430
730
745
800
1000
845
945
1745
1745
1800
1345
1815
1915
Monitor Name(s)
D'Este Chytka, Evelyn Conn
Darryl Deurmier
Darryl Deurmier
Mike Chytka
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry
Charlie Stoneback
Charlie Stoneback
Howard Stoel
Vic Graham
Charles Hill
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
10
E. coli
Sample Type (cfu/100mL)
Field Blank
7
Field Blank
0
Field Blank
40
Field Blank
20
Lab Blank
0
Lab Blank
0
Field Blank
67
Field Blank
0
Field Blank
217
Field Blank
0
Field Blank
67
Field Blank
13
Lab Blank
27
Field Blank
13
Lab Blank
7
Lab Blank
0
Lab Blank
7
Lab Blank
20
Data Type
Regular
Site
Lake/Stream
101-48-4A Big Sioux River
Monitor Name
Eugene Preston
Date
8/1/2012
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
9606HHH
Campbell
Chuck Berry
6/19/2012
4306BBB
Herman
Charlie Stoneback
7/17/2012
Absolute Difference
0%
4306HHH
Herman
Howard Stoel
6/19/2012
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
0%
4309CCC
Madison
Vic Graham
5/22/2012
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
8%
4309DDD
Madison
Charles Hill
4/24/2012
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
0%
4309DDD
Madison
Charles Hill
8/21/2012
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
6202CC
McCook Lake
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst
5/22/2012
6202EE
McCook Lake
Kelly Kistner
9/16/2012
6202FF
McCook Lake
Kelly Kistner
7/28/2012
6202FF
McCook Lake
Kelly Kistner
8/27/2012
6202HH
McCook Lake
Kelly Kistner
6/25/2012
0
20
20
200%
6202LL
McCook Lake
Kelly Kistner
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Appendix B
13
7
6
60%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
7
0
7
200%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
20
0
20
200%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
20
13
7
42%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
33
33
0
0%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
0
0
0
Percent Difference
Regular
100
92
8
Percent Difference
Regular
33
67
0
Percent Difference
Regular
22
22
0
Percent Difference
Regular
7
0
7
200%
Duplicate
Regular
66
33
33
67%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
E Coli
10/8/2012
0
7
7
200%
11
Data Type
Regular
Site
6202MM
Lake/Stream
Monitor Name
McCook Lake
Kelly Kistner, Dan DeMearst, Dirk Lowry
Date
4/21/2012
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
9613AAA
East Oakwood Lake
Janie Wittmeier
8/18/2012
9614AAA
North Oakwood Lake
Bob Schultz
7/21/2012
9615CCC
West Oakwood Lake
Lee Larsen
8/23/2012
9615FFF
West Oakwood Lake
Lee Larsen
6/14/2012
273
240
33
13%
9615FFF
West Oakwood Lake
Lee Larsen
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Appendix B
20
13
7
42%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
13
13
0
0%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
33
40
7
19%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
13
27
14
70%
Duplicate
Absolute Difference
Percent Difference
Regular
E Coli
9/16/2012
0
0
0
0%
12