how violence

North-South Forum urban realities in developing countries
URBAN TRANSFORMATION – DEBATING FORMAL AND INFORMAL DEVELOPMENT
ethz 24th april 2012
(urbanism of fear and the gangs)
how violence - and its responses –
fabric complex cities
(LaSUR)
(EPFL)
1.
the urbanization
of the world
[a punk place to be]
the urbanisation of the world
caracas
context(s)
violence of globalization
globalization of security
policies
criminalization of poverty
devil-ization of outsiders
← new dominations
economical, cultural, social,
politic
violence of [post]colonization
zero tolerance
↓
↓
violence of gangs
←
→
violence of urbanization
urban forms
cohesion-contiguity of territories
Segregation
urban fragmentation
urbanism of fear
defensive architecture
contextualization
gangs, maras, pandillas, bandas… :
the importance of historical, geopolitical, national,
regional… contexts
violence of urbanization [ vs. urban violence ]
Mexico, USA, China, Spain…
Bobby Yuen
kwoloon
CCTV, Koolhaas, 2009
pekin
violence as context,
situations and spatialization
of contrasts and inequalities
built environment / destroyed environment:
re-building the city, between threats and fear
china, usa, brazil, japan…
violence of environnement
wars + climatic refugees
2.
formal and informal realities in the
complex city:
duality and dialectic
[a postulate]
neal oshima urban landcapes manila 2006
dialectic of ornament
dionisio gonzalez favela an assembled city 2007
l’estaque, marseille / barrio sto. domingo, medellin giancarlo mazzanti
3.
urbanism of fear:
a spatial organization
of violence
and [in]security
[some images]
built environment
+ destroyed environment
+ inequalities
+ insecurity
=
[complex] city
violence of the city: a dialectic of urbain violence and violence of urbanisation
Kabul, 2001
tarkovski, 1962 / 1979
urbanism of fear
and the contemporary [ culture of ] enclosure
paraisopolis (tuca vieira 2005)
cities = [ the war of the ] worlds
violence as context and situation
obsession for security: paranoid park?
violence of security [ “spatialisée” ]
culture of fence: frontiers, borders, fragmentation…
wall
city
…segregation / class struggles / space wars
cuts
figures of urban security and defensive architecture:
gated communities, airports, stadiums, shopping malls, thematic parks…
disneyland paris / gated communities USA / tel-aviv airport
the times of glass bunkers
kieran timberlake, american embassy london, 2010
globalization
of defensive
architecture
GCHQ, UK ,Gensler, 2005
west bank, 2008
israel // palestine
West bank
USA//Mexico
USA // mexico
berlin 1986 =
ciudad juarez 2009
[in]security / [un]safety / [un]certainty…
violence of urbanisation / urbanisation of violence urbanisation of(in-)security / certainty of violence …
geneva G8 2003:
violence of certainties
nicolas moulin:
vider paris
vauban-ization
of space
4.
ethnography of the gang
[in latin america]
the latin americas:
the importance of contexts
and national histories
Mexico: violence of the frontera – drug traffics - maquiladoras
Guatemala: military playground of the USA
Salvador: post-civil wars
Panama: american base
Colombia: guerrillas, narcos, paramilitaries…
Venezuela - Brazil: little and big traficants
Argentina - Chili - Uruguay : post-dictatorships
Globalization of criminalities and of « bandits »
mythology of the gang
mythology of the malandro
the bad boys
pimp / gangsta
gangsta
street credibility
devil-ization of the outsiders
outsiders
rappers, skaters,
gangsters:
new dangerous
classes?
bandas – gangs
- pandillas - patotas - parches - …
Mexico : Maffioso model
Central America : Transnational maras model
Colombia : sicario model
Venezuela : malandro model
Etc.
venezuela:
malandros, gangs and
popular cultures
violence and social change
popular revolution
streets and slums [barrios] :
culture of urgency
malandraje:
tactics, tricks and « arts de faire »
tactics of violence
vida loca - vida deprisa
popular self-destruction
asymmetrical wars in
the poor neighborhoods
5.
asphalt culture
[ in the remixed formal and informal city ]
« black
popular
resistant »
Street culture
[ cultura de la esquina ]
basket, streets and gangs: a diary dialectic of
formal- and informality
cultural expressions and lifestyles
from the gang
cultural innovations
re-take the control of the streets –
urbanity – urbanism – urbaness
through new practices
ex: festival of tattoos in El Salvador
(NCCR N-S PAMS)
learning from the barrio
re-take the control of the
street corner (society)
auto-organization and
bolivarian missions
learning from the people
from dead and alive people experiences
learning from the gangs
Territorial re-foundation of social links
learning from the
homies
(el salvador)
homies
unidos
circo volador, mexico city
new urban dynamics and associations in the city
BONUS TRACKS
6.
hybridation of
formal and informal realities
[in southern cities]
formal + informal spaces =
the urban goods
rio de janeiro: a casa do
traficante
« l’homme qui détruit les marchandises montre sa supériorité humaine sur les
marchandises »
Guy Debord
Le déclin et la chute de l’économie spectaculaire marchande »,
Internationale situationniste no. 10 / mars 1966
[ if territory is a goods ]
praise the destructive class ?
« destructive workers » and the socio-territorial re-foundation?
spectres of marx
[ and nietzsche ]
7.
the invention of punkspace
[in alter-modern worlds]
{building} punkspace
the [no] future is unwritten
kyong park in detroit:
a post-capitalist vernacular architecture
appropriation of
[punk]space:
travellers and wagenburgen in berlin
ralf marsault
which urbanism for the post-capitalist / post-colonial
post-exotic / post-energetic city ?
welcome to the jungle of the real…
(the matrix + bertolt brecht = metropolis)