Temperature vs Voltage - Boston Electronics Corporation

Transcription

INFRARED
SOURCES
Calibration Grade
Blackbodies
Calibration Grade
Extended AREA Blackbodies
Miniature Instrument
Grade Blackbodies
IR LEDs
Tunable IR Diode
Pb-salt Lasers
NEW Tunable IR Diode
Quantum Cascade Lasers
• 0.5, 1 and 2.25
inch aperture
• 325 to 1475 K
• 2x2 and 12x12
inch
• -30 to +140C and
20 to +350C
• Near to Far IR
• CW and
Modulated
• 1.8, 2.8, 3.4, 4.2 ,
4.8, & 4 to 7 µm
• 3.1 to 10 µm
• Cryogenic
• 3.5 to 17+ µm
• Room temp or
cryogenic
• Pulsed or CW
Boston Electronics Corporation
91 Boylston Street, Brookline MA 02445 USA
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821 fax (617)731-0935
www.boselec.com
07/01/2004
[email protected]
\\Snap105913\share1\Product Literature\IR Sources\xPages used in print version\Cover Infrared Sources 6-04.doc
Thermal Emitter Temperature
and Color Correlation
Centigrade
400
474
525
581
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
Fahrenheit
Color ( Apparent )
752
Red heat visible in the dark
885
Red heat visible in twilight
977
Red heat visible in daylight
1078
Red heat visible in sunlight
1292
Dark red
1472
Dull cherry red
1652
Cherry red
1832
Bright cherry red
2012
Orange red
2192
Orange yellow
2372
Yellow white
2552
White welding heat
2732
Bright white
2912
Dazzling white (bluish white)
Boston Electronics offers a range of infrared radiation sources, both
modulated and unmodulated. Please ask for details.
Boston Electronics Corporation, 91 Boylston Street, Brookline MA 02445
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821 * fax (617)731-0935 * [email protected] * www.boselec.com
IR-12 Series
Miniature 8 to 11 Watt
Infrared Emitter
This IR source is a thermal emitter with emissivity ~0.8. It is appropriate for use in lab or field
instrumentation due to its long life and stable properties.
The coiled resistance wire
filament IR-12 operates at
825oC (1100K) when powered
with 4.5 volts @ 1.8 amps (8
watts). The IR-12K takes
higher electrical power and
runs hotter. Emissivity is
~80% in the IR. The coil is
wound on a cylindrical
alumina substrate. Operation
in a controlled or sealed
atmosphere is not required.
The emitter coil is mounted
horizontally on an 8.5 mm dia.
base. The emitter support
pins also are the power leads
and are sealed in glass.
Dimensions in mm
The Series IR-12 is offered as follows:
Part #
IR-12
IR-12K
Description
Standard unit – power
approx 8 watts at 825C
Mechanically identical to
standard unit but capable
of higher temp operation
For Long Service Life
(Temp @ Volts, Amps)
Recommended
Upper Limit
825C @ ~4.5V, 1.8 A
Lifetime > 3 years
1025C at ~6V, 2.4 A
975C @ ~6.0V, 1.8 A
Lifetime > 3 years
1125C at ~7V, 2.2 A
Boston Electronics can also supply custom designed miniature IR blackbody sources.
Please inquire.
I:\Product Literature\IR Sources\IR-12.doc
Boston Electronics
Distributed by
91 Boylston St, Brookline MA 02445
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821
fax (617)731-0935
[email protected]
www.boselec.com
IR-12 Steady State Infrared Emitter
ENGINEERING DATA
Temperature vs Voltage
Dimensions
3+ Year Life
Upper Limit
Centigrade
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
2
3
4
5
6
All dimensions in mm
Volts
Current vs Voltage
Power vs Voltage
3+ Year Life
3+ Year Life
16
3
12
Watts
Amps
2
1
8
4
0
0
2
3
4
Volts
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
Volts
HawkEye Technologies LLC is a custom fabricator of IR sources. We will customize our existing products to
your design specifications. We would be pleased to quote a new custom IR source, including engineering, that
will meet your requirements.
Boston Electronics
Distributed by
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821
fax (617)731-0935
[email protected] www.boselec.com
IR-12K Steady State Infrared Emitter
ENGINEERING DATA
Dimensions
3+ Years Life
Upper Limit
Centigrade
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
2
3
4
5
6
7
Volts
Power vs Voltage
Current vs Voltage
3+ Year Life
3+ Year Life
16
3
12
Watts
Amps
2
1
8
4
0
0
2
3
4
5
Volts
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
Volts
LC-IR-12 with Thermocouple
Monitored, Stabilizable IR Source
INFRARED SYSTEM
This Infrared System consists of our standard 800C Series 12 Infrared Light Source, a Type-K
Thermocouple and optional digital thermometer.
This unit is intended as a low cost standard unit for general use. These units have been used
as checks on Infrared Instruments such as thermometers and cameras. Emissivity value is not
guaranteed but fairly constant. Temperature can be monitored quite precisely with this unit and
can be maintained constant with feedback to your power source.
When power is applied to the Infrared Light Source the unit heats and the thermometer
generates a digital read out of the surface temperature. The thermocouple output can also be
used as an input to the [user supplied] power supply system to control the source temperature.
Nominal source power requirement is 1.8 amps at 5 volts to maintain 825C [1100K]. The unit
can be operated up to 1100K for long [3+ years] duration or at higher temperatures to 1400K for
shorter durations. Temperatures from 300K up are easily achievable and operation cooler than
1100K extends lifetime rapidly.
Construction: The Type-K Thermocouple
sensor is fabricated using special limit error
thermocouple wire. This wire is rated at +/1.1o C. The sensor is applied directly to
the coil of the Infrared Light Source. High
temperature, low expansion, material is
used to apply the sensor to the source.
The thermocouple is terminated with a
standard Type-K miniature plug. Other
thermocouple types can be supplied on
request.
Optional Digital Thermometer: The
sensor output probe can be plugged
directly into this unit. The meter accepts all
type K thermocouple probes with ANSI
mini connectors. Meter features: HOLD
button to freezes reading, switch for
readouts in oF and oC. The display has
large ½” digital features. Meter comes with
9 volt battery.
We will customize our existing products to your design specifications. We would be pleased to
quote a new custom IR source, including engineering, which will meet your requirements.
CS-IR-20 Series
Miniature 4 Watt Infrared Emitter
This IR source is a thermal emitter with emissivity 0.8. It is appropriate for use in lab or field
instrumentation due to its long life and stable properties.
The coiled resistance wire filament operates at 825C (1100K)
when powered with 5 volts @ 0.8 amps (4 watts). Emissivity is
~80% in the IR. The coil is wound on a cylindrical alumina
substrate. Its low mass allows low frequency electrical
modulation to <1 Hz. Operation in a controlled or sealed
atmosphere is not required.
The emitter coil is available mounted vertically or horizontally
and on a small (4 mm dia.) or large (8.6 mm dia.) base. The
emitter support pins also are the power leads and are sealed in
glass.
CSIR-21-V
Vertical, large base
The Series 20 is offered as follows:
Part #
CS-IR-2 1-V
CS-IR-21
CS-IR-22-V
CS-IR-22
Description
Large base. Filament mounted vertically
Large base. Filament mounted horizontally
Small base. Filament mounted vertically
Small base. Filament mounted horizontally
Operating Specifications:
CS-IR-22
Horizontal, small base
Temperature
Voltage
Current
Active Area
Emissivity
Lifetime
8250C
5.0 volts RMS (AC or DC)
0.8 Amps
1.5 x 3.5 mm
~80%
3+ years at 8250C, not pulsed, typical
Boston Electronics also supplies custom designed miniature blackbody sources.
Boston Electronics
Distributed by
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821
fax (617)731-0935
[email protected]
www.boselec.com
ENGINEERING DATA
Dimensions
3+ Year Life
Upper Limit
Centigrade
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
2
3
4
5
6
Volts
Vertical mounting shown
Also available mounted horizontally
Power vs Voltage
Current vs Voltage
3+ Year Life
3+ Year Life
1.5
6
Watts
Amps
1
0.5
4
2
0
0
2
3
4
Volts
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
Volts
Boston Electronics
Distributed by
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821
fax (617)731-0935
[email protected]
www.boselec.com
ENGINEERING DATA
Dimensions
3+ Year Life
Upper Limit
Centigrade
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
2
3
4
5
6
Horizontal mounting shown
Also available mounted vertically
Volts
Current vs Voltage
Power vs Voltage
3+ Year Life
3+ Year Life
1.5
6
Watts
Amps
1
0.5
4
2
0
0
2
3
4
Volts
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
Volts
1
241 Research Drive #4
Milford, CT. 06460
Hawkeye Technologies
INFRARED SOURCE SERIES 40
THIN FILM INFRARED UNIT
This Infrared Unit or gray body is a radiation emitter for use in Infrared instrumentation or
laboratory experimentation
The HawkEye Technologies Series 40 thin film unit operates at approximately 600° C when
powered with 4 watts. The radiating element is an approximately 1.5 microns thick film of
precision laser trimmed resistance material. The element is permanently bonded to a flat
substrate of alumina forming a stable platform. This contributes to a uniform radiating source.
The unit does not require operation in a sealed atmosphere. The thin film design results in a
low mass of radiation material. This characteristic coupled with the excellent heat transfer
ability of the alumina substrate provides the capability for electrical modulation.
The IR-40 unit, shown below, is attached to a TO-5 header with high temperature cement.
This unit is also offered without a cap (as an IR-40NC) and with a cap and sapphire window
(as an IR-40S). For alternative mounting, it is also offered attached to a flat, butterfly shaped,
steel header (as an IR-42).
And now, announcing the NEW IR-43! This unit is free standing on a TO-5 header. It
requires less power to achieve the same temperatures as the IR-40. Without a directly
connected mass to draw off heat, it is more responsive.
Operating Specifications
Unit
IR-40
Temperature 600° C (875° Kelvin)
Resistance 100 ohms
New IR-43
600° C (875° Kelvin)
50 ohms
Voltage 35 Volts (AC or DC)
14 Volts (AC or DC)
Current 115 milliamperes
95 milliamperes
Active Area 3.5 mm X 2.5 mm
1.5 mm X 1.5 mm
IR-40
Distributor: Boston Electronics Corporation, 91 Boylston St, Brookline MA 02445 USA
Boston Electronics
Distributed by
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821
fax (617)731-0935
[email protected]
www.boselec.com
IR-40 Infrared Emitter
ENGINEERING DATA (data collected with steady state voltage)
Current vs Voltage
Power vs Voltage
Boston Electronics
Distributed by
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821
fax (617)731-0935
[email protected]
www.boselec.com
IR-43 Infrared Emitter
Upper Limit
Centigrade
800
600
400
200
0
4
8
12
Volts
Current vs Voltage
Power vs Voltage
0.15
2
1.5
Watts
Amps
0.1
1
0.05
0.5
0
0
4
8
12
Volts
4
8
12
Volts
Boston Electronics Corporation, 91 Boylston Street, Brookline, MA 02445 (800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821 * fax (617)731-0935 *
[email protected] * www.boselec.com
By Hawkeye Technologies LLC
Milford, CT. 06460
Producers of TomaTech Products
INFRARED SOURCE SERIES 50
Fast Electrically Modulated IR-50 Thermal Source
Announcing a NEW electrically modulated thermal source for 2 to 20+ microns. This new source is
based on patented new technology that utilizes a thin film of diamond-like carbon as the active
element. It can be modulated up to 100+ Hz. It is therefore suitable for use with quantum detectors
like photoconductive PbS and PbSe, which otherwise would require a chopper to avoid excess low
frequency "flicker" (1/f) noise.
What distinguishes this new source from others is its high frequency of operation. That is, an
electrically modulated thermal source that exhibits good modulation depth, or contrast between the
on and off states. This source is significantly better, watt for watt and Hz for Hz, than any competing
non-mechanical modulation that technology offers.
This new source has an active area of approximately 1.5 mm2 and is supplied in a TO-5 style
package. The normal working range is 500° to 750° C with peak short term heating up to 850° C
possible. Calculated lifetime is approximately three years.
Modulation Depth, Diamond-Like Thermal Source
Duty Cycle of 25 on, 75 off
Typical Operating Parameters
R [:] in hot state
Iamplitude [mA]
Vamplitude [V]
Input power [mW]
50
145
6.9
991
HawkEye Technologies LLC is a custom fabricator of IR sources including TomaTech products. We will
customize our existing products to your design specifications. We would be pleased to quote a new custom IR
source, including engineering, that will meet your requirements.
08/02/2002
Boston Electronics
Distributed by
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821
fax (617)731-0935
[email protected]
www.boselec.com
IR-50 Pulsable Infrared Emitter
Upper Limit
Centigrade
1000
800
600
400
200
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
Volts
Current vs Voltage
Power vs Voltage
1.5
0.1600
1
Watts
Amps
0.1200
0.5
0.0800
0
0.0400
3
4
5
6
Volts
7
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
Volts
Distributed by
91 Boylston St, Brookline MA 02445 USA
(800)347-4554 or (617)566-3821
Introducing the New Collimated-Energy Pulsable IR-55!!
The IR-55 is a MEMS technology electrically modulated infrared emitter built into a HawkEye
parabolic optic. The source is based on patented technology, utilizing a thin film of diamondlike carbon as the active element for faster electric modulation. The parabolic package
collimates the energy for greater on-axis intensity.
This source is significantly better, watt for watt and Hz for Hz than any competing nonmechanical modulation technology.
The IR-55 is truly in a class of its own!
Excellent Modulation to 100 Hz and beyond!!
Collimation provides 10x the Intensity!!
This new source has an active area of 2.25 mm2 and is supplied in a TO-5 style package.
The normal working range is 500° to 750° C with peak short term heating up to 850° C
possible. Calculated lifetime is approximately three years.
The HawkEye IR-55 for Faster Electrical Modulation
---50% Modulation Depth at over 100 Hertz!!!
50% Duty Cycle
25% Duty Cycle
Depth of Modulation
100%
50%
0%
1
10
Frequency in Hertz
100
1000
IR-55 Nominal Parameters:
Voltage*
6.4 volts (AC or DC)
Temperature*
750° C
Resistance in the Hot state*
50 ohms
Current
135 milliamps
Input Power
0.9 watts
Cooling Time Constant
11.5 milliseconds
Heating Time Constant
35 milliseconds
Modulation Depth
50% at 110 Hz, 25% Duty Cycle
Active area
1.5 mm X 1.5 mm
Life
3+ years at 750° C typical
*Measured at 5 Hz frequency, 50% duty cycle
Upper Limit
Centigrade
1000
800
600
400
200
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
Volts
Current vs Voltage
Power vs Voltage
1.5
Watts
Amps
0.1600
0.1200
0.0800
0.0400
1
0.5
0
3
4
5
Volts
6
7
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
Volts
HawkEye Technologies LLC is a custom fabricator of IR sources including products. We will customize
our existing products to your design specifications. We would be pleased to quote a new custom IR
source, including engineering, that will meet your requirements.
Distributed by
91 Boylston St, Brookline MA 02445 USA
(800)347-4554 or (617)566-3821
The HawkEye Technologies IR-50 and IR-55
Operational Guidelines - Application Data
The HawkEye IR-50 Series utilizes a thin thermoresistive conducting film of amorphous (diamond-like) carbon. Infrared
radiation is the result of heating this film by passing an electric current through it.
The maximum temperature of the film should not exceed 750°C in continuous operation. A faint red luminescence of the
film is observed during continuous operation at temperatures near 750°C. Short term heating up to 850°C is possible but
will reduce the lifetime of the unit.
The specifications shown below assume an infrared source operating without a radiator and at ambient temperature and
pressure. A rectangular voltage pulsed at a frequency of 5 hertz and with a duty cycle of 50% is used for heating. Two
power leads and a ground are provided per the sketch below. Bi-polar drive voltage may be used.
Nominal
Parameters
(750°C)
Maximal
Parameters
(750°C)
Resistance in Hot State (Ohms)
Current (mAmps)
Voltage (volts)
Input Power (Watts)
Resistance in Hot State (Ohms)
Current (mAmps)
Voltage (volts)
Input Power (Watts)
50
135
6.4
0.9
50
150
7.5
1.1
The HawkEye IR-50 Series is the perfect solution for an application that requires fast electrical modulation. However, it can
also be used in a steady state (DC) mode. In applications where steady state power is used (or if used with electrical
modulation but with a duty cycle of greater than 50%), it is recommended that the nominal input power specifications not be
exceeded in order to avoid overheating of the membrane.
On the other hand, by reducing the length of the heating pulse or by increasing the frequency of modulation, the membrane
will not have sufficient time to reach 750°C. In this case, the pulsed power can be increased to allow 750°C to be
maintained. The chart below shows the factor by which the voltage can be increased as frequency is increased. This chart
assumes a 50% duty cycle.
Use this Voltage Ratio
to maintain constant temperature.
To Maintain
Temperature,
Increase Input
Voltage by this
Ratio
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
1
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz) assuming a 50% duty cycle
Using a 50% duty cycle and the appropriate power factor as determined above, a 50% modulation depth is achievable at
modulation frequencies of more than 60 hertz. This modulation depth can be achieved at even higher frequencies (more
than 100 hertz) if a 25% duty cycle were used along with a correspondingly higher power factor (sufficient to maintain the
membrane temperature at 750°C). Please contact HawkEye Technologies LLC for assistance in determining the proper
power factor for the duty cycle to be used in your application.
HawkEye Technologies LLC is a custom fabricator of IR sources. We will customize our existing products to your design
specifications. We would be pleased to quote a new custom IR source, including engineering, that will meet your
requirements.
3/24/2004
100%
50%
0%
1
50% Duty Cycle
25% Duty Cycle
10
Frequency in Hertz
100
The IR-5x-series for >50% Modulation Depth
at over 100 Hertz
Hawkeye IR55 charts 10-22-03.xls
Depth of Modulation
1000
Authorized Agents
3/24/2004
63
10
16
1.4
16
12
16
Authorized Agents
HawkEye IR-55
Source A
Source B
Source C
Source D
Source E
The IR-5x-series has greater modulation depth than other products
60
40
20
0
Other Pulsating Sources in the Marketplace do not come close to the IR55 Modulation Depth!!
Hawkeye IR55 charts 10-22-03.xls
Hz for 50% Modulation Depth
(using a 50% Duty Cycle)
Relative On-Axis Output Energy
(with 1.75 inch spacing between emitter and detector)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Source D
Source B
HawkEye IR-55
Source E
Source C
Source A
The HawkEye IR-55 has Greater On-Axis Output by Far
0.9
Input Power Required
(in Watts per Manufacturer's Specs)
Preliminary data sheet
markIR™35
Ion Optics, Inc
New dimensions in IR
Restricted Band
Infrared Source
FEATURES:
• Viewing distance: 150 meters
• NVG viewing distance: <1 meter
• Spectral output band: 2-6µm
• Output power: 6.5 mW (2-6 µm)
• Total input power: 120 mW (3Vdc at 40 mA)
• Total emitter surface area: 7.8 mm2
• Element resistance: 150Ω each (2 elements)
• Low mass: <1 gram
BENEFITS:
• No detectable near infrared (<2 µm)
• Invisible to night vision goggles (Gen. 3)
• 10-16 hours operation (CR123 battery)
• Continuous or pulsed operation
• Low power consumption
DESCRIPTION:
• Minimal thermal signature
The markIR Tuned Band Emitter uses a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure to tune and
confine the IR emission to the spectral region of interest. This device has two elements capable of
being powered together (in series or parallel configuration) or separately. Each 1.5 x 3 mm
element has a resistance of 150 ohms and requires 3V and 20 mA to operate. The IR spectrum
from the markIR 35 devices is shown in the optical characteristics graph.
The markIR emitter is mounted in a ceramic leadless chip carrier. The package configuration and
electrical connections are described in the package outline drawings. The next generation of
markIR devices will utilize wafer-level packaging to achieve a more compact package.
[A long wavelength markIR is in development for use in the 8-12 µm region.]
APPLICATIONS:
The tightly controlled emissions spectrum of the markIR 35 is ideal for operations where detection
only by specific types of equipment is desired.
¾
¾
¾
¾
Personnel/unit identification
Cargo/pallet markers
Vehicle IFF
Landing zone markers
Battery powered
Battery powered
Vehicle powered
Battery or mains powered
>1 night cycle
>1 night cycle
Extended operation
Extended operation
The markIR units can be operated individually or in combination to produce single or multiwavelength emitters in the mid- or long infrared portions of the spectrum. markIR units can be
operated in the pulsed mode to extend the operational life of battery powered systems.
Ion Optics, Inc., 411 Waverley Oaks Road, Suite 144, Waltham, MA 02452
Tel: 781-788-8777 ● Fax: 781-788-8811 ● E-mail: [email protected]
Preliminary data sheet
Ion Optics, Inc
OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Spectral Output
Normalized Radiation Pattern
2
Power (W/cm /µm)
0.06
0.05
20
10
0
10
20
30
0.04
30
40
markIR 35
0.03
40
50
50
60
0.02
70
70
80
0.01
0.00
2
60
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
100%
80
75%
50%
25%
0%
25%
50%
Wavelength (µm)
PACKAGE OUTLINE:
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS:
6 and 22
8 and 20
1-5, 12-19, 26-28
7, 9, 10, 11, 21, 23, 24, 25
Element #1 (power connection)
Not connected
Test points (not for drive power)
markIR™ is a trademark of Ion Optics, Inc.
Ion Optics, Inc., 411 Waverley Oaks Road, Suite 144, Waltham, MA 02452
75%
100%
Preliminary Data Sheet
tūnIR™CO2
Ion Optics, Inc
Tuned, Narrow Band
Infrared Source
FEATURES:
• Center wavelength: 4.25 µm
• Spectral bandwidth: ±0.5 µm (FWHM)
• Output Power: 0.5 mW (CO2 band: 4.20-4.35 µm)
• Output Power: 6.5 mW (2-6 µm)
• Element Resistance: 150Ω each (two elements)
• Total Input Power: 120 mW (3Vdc at 40 mA)
• Total Emitter Surface Area: 7.8 sq. mm
BENEFITS:
• Narrow emission band
• Low drive power
• No excess heat
• Reduces or eliminates filtering requirements
DESCRIPTION:
The tūnIR Infrared Light Source uses a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure to tune the IR
emission to match the center wavelength of the target gas absorption line. This device has two
elements capable of being powered together (in series or parallel configuration) or separately. Each
1.5 x 3 mm element has a resistance of 150Ω and requires 3V and 20 mA to operate. The IR
spectrum from the tūnIR CO2 devices, tuned for 4.25 µm, is shown in the optical characteristics
graph.
The tūnIR emitter is mounted in a ceramic leadless chip carrier. The package configuration and
electrical connections are described in the package outline drawings. Future generations of tūnIR
devices will utilize wafer-level packaging to achieve a more compact package.
tūnIR sources are being developed for use with other gases, most notably combustible
hydrocarbons. Please contact Ion Optics to discuss applicability to other gas sensing applications.
Devices for high volume applications can be customized with a second absorption or reference
wavelength.
APPLICATIONS:
The narrow spectral output of tūnIR CO2 is ideal for many applications now using discrete lamps and
filters, such as:
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Respiration /capnography/ETCO2
Indoor air quality
Enclosed space safety
Demand controlled ventilation
Exhaust gas analysis
Process controls/monitoring
Ion Optics, 411 Waverley Oaks Road, Suite 144, Waltham, MA 02452
Preliminary Data Sheet
Ion Optics, Inc
OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Spectral Output
Normalized Radiation Pattern
2
Power (W/cm /µm)
0.06
0.05
3
0.04
0
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
0.02
6
7
0.01
0.00
2
1
4
tūnIR CO2
0.03
2
7
8
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
8
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
25%
50%
75%
PACKAGE OUTLINE:
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS:
6 and 22
8 and 20
1-5, 12-19, 26-28
7, 9, 10, 11, 21, 23, 24, 25
Not connected
Test points (not for drive power)
tūnIR™ is a trademark of Ion Optics, Inc.
Ion Optics, 411 Waverley Oaks Road, Suite 144, Waltham, MA 02452
100%
pulsIR
Pulsed Infrared Radiator
DESCRIPTION
Ion Optics offers a new class of electricallymodulated, high intensity infrared radiators for gas
analysis, spectroscopy and calibration. These
radiators feature a low thermal-mass filament
tailored for high emissivity in either the MWIR (25Pm) or the LWIR (8-12Pm). Efficient in-band
emission permits operation at temperatures several
times cooler than tungsten bulbs and gives a
radiator life exceeding 3 years. This patent-pending,
high-efficiency device minimizes drive power,
greatly reducing parasitic heating of detectors and
optics; it also eliminates mechanical choppers,
permitting a sealed optical path.
For demonstration and system design, Ion Optics
provides a Developer’s Package, enabling users to
explore radiator characteristics over a wide range of
operating pulse parameters and filament
temperatures. This package consists of a pulsIR™
Radiator (LWIR or MWIR); pulsIR™ Driver, a
microprocessor-controlled drive card; and
WindowsTM compatible software designed for
maximum performance and user friendliness. This
system minimizes input power and provides stable
operation at user-selected temperatures,
frequencies, and duty cycles.
UNIQUE FEATURES
x
x
x
x
x
x
Electrically pulsed, no chopper needed
High intensity, 6x tungsten filament bulbs
Large temp. modulation, >500oK below 10Hz
Spectrally tailored, efficient in-band radiation
Digital drive, feedback temperature stabilization
Adaptable to DC operation
pulsIR™ Radiator
Output vs. Input Power
Temperature Modulation
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
IR Source TO-5
IR Source TO-8
pulsIR Emission at 8500 C.
pulsIR Emitter Specifications
Cold Resistance
Max Operating Temperature
Drive Power
Peak
Average (@30% Duty cycle)
Emissivity
In Band
Out of Band
Field Distribution
Surface Area
Life (@ 500oC, 1Hz, 10% Duty
Cycle)
Part Number
Window
LWIR
3.2 (±.5) :
850oC
MWIR
3.5 (±.5) :
850oC
1.75 Watts
.52 Watts
1.75 Watts
.52 Watts
>.95
<.5
Lambertian
.21 cm2
>3 years
>.95
<.5
Lambertian
.28 cm
>3 years
NL5NGC
ARGermanium
NM8ASC
Sapphire
pulsIR
Applications Note
Basic pulsIR operation
Ion Optics offers a new class of electrically-pulsed, high intensity infrared radiators for gas analysis,
spectroscopy and calibration. These radiators feature an extremely low thermal-mass filament tailored for
high emissivity in either the MWIR (2-5µm) or the LWIR (8-12µm) region. Low thermal mass combined
with emissivity tailoring permits operation at lower input power levels for comparable output; thereby
lowering operational temperature and extending life. The increase in in-band emission also reduces
parasitic heating effects. And by operating in a pulsed mode, the need for mechanical choppers is
eliminated, simplifying system design.
For most applications, pulsIR filaments should be run at duty cycles of less than 60%. Although capable
of running at duty cycles of up to 100% (DC), the loss of temperature modulation with increasing
duty/frequency generally reduces the utility of the device for most applications.
Drive Considerations
Generally, square-waveform constant current or constant voltage drive schemes are the simplest and
most cost effective means of powering pulsIR sources. For constant current drivers, the power delivered
to the source goes as I2R. As the source heats up, its resistance increases, causing the power delivered
to the source to increase during the "ON" portion of a pulse. For constant voltage drivers, delivered power
goes as V2/R; therefore the power delivered to the source tends to decrease during the length of a pulse.
Other drive schemes can also be employed; constant power or DC for example.
TO-8 Sized Sources
For constant current, peak current should not exceed 0.8 amps. For constant voltage, peak voltage
should not exceed 2.8volts.
TO-5 Sized Sources
For constant current do not exceed 0.8 amps and for constant voltage do not exceed 2.5 volts.
Further Notes
This application notes is designed to be a general aide in the use of the pulsIR radiators. There are no
"cliffs edge" failure modes for the radiators; i.e. they may be driven harder than designed at the cost of
reduced lifetime. For your application, this may be an acceptable tradeoff.
reflectIR
Collimated Pulsed Infrared Radiator
UNIQUE FEATURES
x
x
x
x
x
Integrated reflector
Improved efficiency
More axial IR power
Large temperature modulation
Electrically pulsed
DESCRIPTION
The new reflect IR series of electrically pulsed sources is
designed for applications requiring high intensity infrared power
along a narrow optical path. In this new package design the
integrated parabolic reflector focuses the output from the emitter to
maximize on-axis infrared power. These sources feature a low thermalmass emitter treated for high emissivity in the infrared, making them ideally
suited to non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) measurements with pyroelectric or
thermopile detectors.
Efficient in-band emission permits operation at temperatures several times
cooler than tungsten bulbs and gives a radiator life exceeding 3 years.
This patent-pending, high-efficiency device minimizes drive power, greatly
reducing parasitic heating of detectors and optics; it also eliminates
mechanical choppers, permitting a sealed optical path.
DRIVE CONSIDERATIONS
ReflectIRs have a standard resistance of 1.8 +/- 0.2ȍ. Please note that this
is significantly lower than the resistance for a comparable pulsIR source.
Generally, square-waveform constant current or constant voltage drive
schemes are the simplest and most cost effective means of powering
reflectIR sources. For constant current drivers, the power
delivered to the source goes as I 2R. As the source heats
up, its resistance increases, causing the power delivered to
the source to increase during the “ON’ portion of a pulse.
For constant voltage drivers, delivered power goes as V2/R,
therefore the power delivered to the source tends to
decrease during the length of a pulse. NO more than 1.7
watts (instantaneous) should be delivered to a reflectIR.
For constant current, peak current should not exceed 0.97
amps. For constant voltage, peak voltage should not
exceed 1.75V.
Although both pulsIR and ReflectIR sources can be
operated DC, thermal stresses caused by non-uniform
heating in the pulsIR filament limit DC operation. With the
ReflectIR, however, the filament is heated uniformly,
significantly reducing thermal stress and allowing for
continued DC operation at higher power levels.
Broadband Pulsed Infrared Light Sources
• Broadband IR light from 2-20 µm
• Consistent Pulsed Operation
• Large Temperature Modulation
• Many Package and Window options
• Evaluation Kit for Rapid Prototyping
Ion Optics offers a unique class of electrically pulsed, high intensity infrared radiators for gas analysis, spectroscopy,
calibration and tactical infrared friend or foe applications. These radiators feature a low thermal-mass filament tailored
for high emissivity. The filament is fabricated using a patented process that supplies more IR power output above 4
um than while operating much cooler. This lower temperature operation reduces the chance of igniting combustible
gasses, improves power efficiency, and reduces the parasitic heating of the optics and detectors. These IR sources
are typically pulsed at rates from ½ to 10 Hz with several hundred degrees of temperature modulation, allowing the
design of smaller and simpler systems that do not require the added complexity of a mechanical chopper.
For demonstration and system design, Ion Optics provides an Evaluation Kit that includes the light source of your
choosing. The Evaluation Kit drive card produces a flat-topped current pulse of adjustable amplitude, length, and
frequency that runs with pre-programmed settings, or is connected to a PC for user control via WindowsTM.
PART NUMBERS/WINDOW OPTIONS:
Parabola
TO-8
TO-5
TO-46
Windowless
reflectIR-P1N
NL8LNC
NL5LNC
NL46LNX
Sapphire
2 to 5.25 um
reflectIR-P1S
NM8ASC
NM5NSC
N/A
Germanium
7 to 12 um
N/A
N/A
NL5NGC
N/A
Calcium
Flouride
2 to 9.5 um
reflectIR-P1C
NL8ACC
NL5NCC
N/A
Page 1 of 4
SPECIFICATIONS
Parabola
TO-8
TO-5
TO-46
850 C
850 C
850 C
850 C
Minimum
Resistance
1.4 Ohms
2.8 Ohms
2.5 Ohms
0.4 Ohms
Maximum
Resistance
2.0 Ohms
4.5 Ohms
3.7 Ohms
1.0 Ohms
Maximum Input
Voltage*
1.75 VDC
2.8 VDC
2.6 VDC
0.9 VDC
Rated
Temperature
30 degrees
Output
Radiation
Pattern+
20
10
0
10
95 degrees
20
20
30
40
70
80
*
+
0%
25%
50%
75%
40
50
60
70
80
80
25%
30
70
70
50%
20
60
60
75%
10
50
50
60
100%
0
40
40
50
10
30
30
80
100%
100%
75%
25%
50%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Maximum Voltage based on typical resistance values.
Full angle for 50% of peak power
PULSED OPERATION
Although capable of running at duty cycles of up to 100 % (DC) most users run the filaments with duty cycles of less
than 50%. Square-waveform constant current or constant voltage drive schemes are the simplest and most cost
effective means of powering the sources. For constant current drives, the power delivered to the source goes as I2R.
As the source heats up, its resistance increases slightly , causing the power delivered to the source to increase during
the “ON” portion of a pulse. For constant voltage drives, delivered power goes as V2/R; therefore the power delivered
to the source tends to decrease slightly during the length of a pulse. Other drive schemes can also be employed;
constant power or DC for example.
MODULATION DEPTH
PULSED/CHOPPED POWER
Owing to the extremely low thermal mass of pulsIR emitters,
shot-to-shot stability is directly related to drive circuit
stability. Variations in drive pulses will translate into
variations in output. To determine this we used a liquid
nitrogen cooled InSb detector available in our laboratory for
detecting energy in the 2-5 um range. The pulsIR source
was driven with a constant-voltage drive circuit that ensures
pulse-to-pulse repeatability (standard deviation) of 5.3x10-4.
Measurements of the InSb detector reading from 16
seconds of 10 Hz operation was measured to have a
-4
comparable standard deviation of 6.8x10 .
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
PULSE RATE (HZ)
Page 2 of 4
SOURCE LIFETIME
The following graph shows the results (to date) from an ongoing extended life test experiment using an Ion Optics
NM8ASC source. The source is being driven by a constant current drive board at 1 Hz, 30% duty cycle at an
approximate temperature of 650°C. Two pyroelectric detectors are monitoring the source output at two distinct
wavelengths. In the following chart, the circles show the source output at 4.29 microns (CO2) while the diamonds
show the output at 3.9 microns (reference). The detectors are mounted about four inches from the front face of the
source and a dry nitrogen purge is used to prevent water vapor and carbon dioxide in the lab air from affecting the
measurement. The temperature in the lab is not very well controlled however, and much of the variation (specifically
the bump at ≈2000 hours) is due to room temperature swings.
The definition of failure, and thus the definition of lifetime, is very subjective as each system has unique sensitivity to
drift (largely related to the A/D bandwidth). We have encountered several applications which define failure as >15%
drift from the original power level, so we will adopt this definition for the purposes of this computation. The graph
below shows that the median signal level from the 3.9 and 4.29 µm detectors is roughly 4 volts; the linear regression
fits to the raw data indicate that both of these signals are decreasing at a rate of 1x10-5 volts/hour. With our assumed
signal drift tolerance of 15% and 4 volt signal level, we require a 0.6 volt signal change to signal failure of the light
source [0.15 x 4]. With our measured rate of change being 1x10-5 volts/hour it will take approximately 6.85 years of
continuous operation to obtain a 15% signal change [(0.6v)/(1x10-5v/hr)/(8760hrs/yr)]. Since many systems utilize the
ratio of the gas measurement to a reference, they are sensitive not to signal changes, but to change in the ratio of the
two signals. With a measured slope of 1x10-6 volts/hour and a 0.75 volt signal the same computation yields a lifetime
of 12.84 years.
Since all of the known filament degradation mechanisms are temperature dependent, the time to 15% failure is
strongly dependent upon operating temperature or electrical power applied. Therefore, caution should be used in
extrapolating these results to your application.
Detector Signal (volts)
5
y = -1E-05x + 4.788
4
y = -1E-05x + 3.2046
3
2
3.9 micron
4.29 micron
Ratio 3.9/4.29
1
y = -1E-06x + 0.6695
0
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Time (hours)
Page 3 of 4
REFLECTIR PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TO-8 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
040128R
Page 4 of 4
CH-10S and CH-20S
Modulated IR Source
FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES
x
Hybrid assemblies of our CH-series tuning
fork choppers with our CS-IR-22-series
wirewound filament IR sources.
x Much higher frequencies than with
competing technologies
x 100% modulation depth at all frequencies
x Long life (>3 years, more if the source is
run at <1100K)
x No frictional parts
x Can be made vacuum compatible
CH-10 with CS-IR-22V
CH-20 with CS-IR-22V
CH-60S Modulated IR Source
FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES
LOW COST
Jitter free operation
High frequency stability (to 0.005%)
Small size
Withstands shock and vibration
High reliability, long life
Accepts external clock input
Phase locking to an external input
Can be stopped in the "ON" or "OFF" position
No radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Bright or dark blade
A BOXED chopper optional
Special pricing for OEM applications
Integrated IR EMITTER (BLACK BODY)
5+ year projected service life
DESCRIPTION
The VARIABLE LOW FREQUENCY modulator Model CH-60S consists of a blade (vane) mounted on a
motor with a limited rotation angle. The position of the blade follows the direction of the current in the motor
winding. Current in one direction will set the chopper to the open position and current in the other direction
will set the chopper to the closed position. Alternating the current will cause the blade to open and close the
chopper at a frequency range from DC to 50Hz for the CH-60S. This method of chopping is jitter free. High
reliability and long life is achieved by eliminating the use of a brush type motor or gear heads.
When used with DCH-60 Drive Electronics and an external clock input, a frequency stability of 0.005% is
possible. This ultra high stability cannot be achieved with a rotating chopper. The chopping operation is
locked in phase to the clock input therefore no additional circuitry is needed for phase locking. The driver
also enables the user to set the chopper, when it is not running, in either a closed position or an open position.
The chopper is especially suitable for low cost dedicated applications, OEM, built into an instrument/system,
and for portable systems.
SPECIFICATIONS (WHEN USED WITH DCH DRIVER)
Aperture Size
Frequency Range
Response Time, from OPEN
to CLOSED, or vice-versa
Power Requirements,
chopper with emitter and
driver board
Chopper Size
Chopper Weight
Settling Time to External
Clock
External Clock Input
Frequency Stability
Monitor Output
Operating Temperature
Driver Configuration
CH-60
0.25 x 0.45 inch
DC to 50Hz
10 mSec
15V DC, 250mA and
5V DC, 1.0Amp
1.75”W x 3.0”H x 1.0”D
2.5 Oz (70 grams)
20 mSec
CD to 50Hz TTL level input
5V or OPEN to open the chopper
0V or “GND” to close the chopper
0.1% internal clock
0.005% with external crystal clock input
TTL level output
“Hi” indicates the chopper is open
“Lo” indicates the chopper is closed
0-65°C
The DCH-60 Driver is available in two configurations:
Model DCH-60-PC: A board-level driver
Model DCH-60-110/220: A cased driver, 5.3”x5.3”x2”,
operating from a line voltage of 110V AC or 220V AC
DCH DRIVER
IR-140 and IR-160
Extended Area Blackbody Sources
FEATURES
x Digital PID PLUS
Controller
x 16 Interval Ramp to
and Hold from Fron
Panel
x Two (2) Customer
Configured Alarm
Relays
x One Year Warranty
x RS-232C/422A/485 or
IEEE-488(optional)
x Electronic Ice Bath
Reference (optional)
x Digital Watts Display
DESCRIPTION
Our line of large area targets for wide field of view instruments and radiant intensity
studies provide temperature ranges from ambient to 230°C and ambient to 350°C.
These sources are coated with high emissivity (0.95 +/- 0.02) black finishes that are
heat treated and durable enough for outdoor use. Independent temperature monitoring
by means of a Type “T” thermocouple allows the user to accurately monitor the source
temperature under the toughest of conditions.
IR-140 Blackbody Source
The IR-140 blackbody provides high quality and reliability with a thermally immersed
heater winding that provides maximum thermal conductivity and uniformity from ambient
to 230°C. the 12 inch square surface is an ideal calibration or reference target for
today’s large field of view imaging and target acquisition systems.
IR-160 Blackbody Source
The IR-160 blackbody has a temperature range from ambient to 350°C, increasing
maximum temperature over the IR-140, with slightly higher edge-to-edge uniformity. At
350°C, the IR-160 provides ideal simulation of military targets, such as helicopter or
combat tank engines. The large are creates and easy-to-find target under simulated
battlefield conditions.
SPECIFICATIONS
Temperature Range
IR-140
IR-160
Ambient to 230°C*
Ambient to 350°C*
Absolute Calibration Accuracy
+/- 1.5°C
Setability
1°C
Stability
+/- 1°C of actual temperature
Sensing Element
Calibration Thermocouple
(Standard)
Surface Emissivity
Platinum Resistance
Type T, Copper/Constantan
0.95 +/- 2%
Cavity Opening
Temp. Distribution
Warmup Time (ambient to
maximum)
Dimensions (Source)
Weight
12” x 12” square
Approx. 2°C Edge-To-Edge
+/-1% of Set Temp.
40 Minutes
50 Minutes
16.53” x 14.13” x 16.50”
44 lbs.
64 lbs.
* Minimum temperature is 0°C; however, the above specifications apply down to a temperature of 20° above ambient
IR-140 AND IR-160 OUTLINE DRAWINGS
B O ST O N E LECT R O N ICS C O R PO R AT IO N , 91 B O YLST O N ST R EET , B R O O K LIN E M A
02445 U SA
(800)347-5445 O R (617)566-3821 FAX (617)731-0935
IR-301 BLACKBODY SOURCE CONTROLLER
Boston Electronics are authorized distributors for Infrared Systems Development Corporation. The New IR-301
controller is a microprocessor based PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) system for regulating the
Blackbody’s Radiating Surface. Infrared Systems Development has taken a leap forward from the standard PID
Controller types of past years. We do this by utilizing five (5) independent PID parameter groups, each for a
specific temperature range, internally selected based on the Setpoint. To control stability, the Standard
Proportional Band with Automatic Reset and Derivative method is utilized. Unlike standard PID control, these
parameters are totally dedicated to control stability only. This allows us to reduce the Proportional Band,
creating a much more stable Blackbody system.
To control warm-up characteristics, we start with an independent Proportional Band, much wider than the
stability Proportional Band. We then take the operational span and divide it into five smaller spans. Each of
these spans is assigned a factory-selected range of PID Parameters values. Selecting a set temperature
automatically loads the proper warm-up parameters into memory for that specific temperature. This process
practically eliminates the need for continuous reactionary parameter changes as required by standard PID. For
applications requiring one, a Blackbody Radiance Display (WATTS/CM²/STERADIAN) of actual temperature
can be monitored at from the front panel LCD display BBRD.
All adjustments, parameters and indications are accessible from the front panel or via one of the communication
options. The front panel contains 7 LEDs for visual indication of pertinent controller activity plus a Large LED
display of Blackbody Temperature, and an interactive LCD menu display for presentation and changing of
Parameters. All control parameters, selections and calibration procedures are accomplished through simple
MENU selections using the four front panel buttons (ŸźŹŻ). These MENU selections are organized into
Sections. Each Section presents a specific set of related functions.
Internally the IR-301 was designed for maximum accuracy while maintaining our trademark reliability and
quality. As is apparent with the use of dual redundant solid state (zero-voltage switching) power relays, RFI
filters and an entire temperature sensor feedback loop; wire, cable, pins and connectors, being manufactured
from special thermocouple alloys to eliminate the effects of ambient temperature change. The Thermocouple
Cold Junction is mounted to a high precision RTD sensor to accurately monitor the CJC to provide
compensation for ambient temperature variations.
All connections are made from the rear for true rackmount capabilities. The IR-301 contains its own power
supply which requires the standard 120 VAC 50-60 HZ line power. A 220 VAC option is available.
WWW.BOSELEC.COM
PAGE -1\\SNAP105913\SHARE1\PRODUCT LITERATURE\IR SOURCES\IR DEVEL 301 CONTROLLER 7-24-01.DOC
01/29/2002
B O ST O N E LECT R O N ICS C O R PO R AT IO N , 91 B O YLST O N ST R EET , B R O O K LIN E M A
02445 U SA
(800)347-5445 O R (617)566-3821 FAX (617)731-0935
The New IR-301 Line of Blackbody Sources includes :
IR-563/301 – 50 TO 1050 ºC 1” CAVITY BLACKBODY SOURCE WITH APERTURE WHEEL
IR-564/301 – 50 TO 1200 ºC 1” CAVITY BLACKBODY SOURCE WITH APERTURE WHEEL
IR-508/301 – 50 TO 1050 ºC 0.25” CAVITY BLACKBODY SOURCE WITH APERTURE WHEEL
IR-140/301 – Ambient TO 230 ºC 12” x 12” EXTENDED AREA BLACKBODY SOURCE
IR-160/301 – Ambient TO 350 ºC 12” x 12” EXTENDED AREA BLACKBODY SOURCE
SPECIFICATIONS:
TEMPERATURE RANGE
CALIBRATION ACCURACY
STABILITY
RESOLUTION
WARM-UP TIME (Amb. to 1050qC)
SENSING ELEMENT
SHIPPING WEIGHT
CONTROL
READOUT
SAMPLE RATE
qF/qC
ALARMS (relay closures)
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
POWER REQUIREMENT
DIMENSIONS (HxWxL)
WEIGHT
50qC to 1050qC
+/- 0.2 ºC +/- 1 digit
+/- 0.02% of full scale
1qC or 0.1 ºC Selectable
35 Minutes
Thermocouple, Type S
32 lbs.
PID (Multi-level Proportional/ Integral/
Derivative) dual zero voltage firing state
power relays
Dual display: Blackbody Temp. is shown on
upper LED display; Set Point and
Parameters are shown on lower LCD
display
Cavity Temperature is updated 10 times per
second; digitally filtered to eliminate noise
Selected at factory
5.0 amps at 120 VAC, 2.5 amps at 230 VAC
0 to 40qC ambient temperature with relative
humidity less than 95% non-condensing
105-125 Volts (200-240 Volt optional at time
of order), 50-60 Hz, 500 Watts max
5.10” x 12” x 13.4” (Rackmounted 5.25” x
19” x 14.4”)
9 lbs. (Rackmounted 10 lbs.)
For more information Please contact us:
91 Boylston Street
Brookline MA 02445 USA
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821
fax (617)731-0935
[email protected]
WWW.BOSELEC.COM
PAGE -2\\SNAP105913\SHARE1\PRODUCT LITERATURE\IR SOURCES\IR DEVEL 301 CONTROLLER 7-24-01.DOC
01/29/2002
IR-508
Miniature Cavity Blackbody
FEATURES
x Digital Controller
x Direct Mount Modulators Available
x 16 Internal Ramp to and Hold from Front Panel
x Two (2) Customer Configured Alarm Relays
x RS-232C/422A/485 or IEEE-488 (optional)
x Ice Bath Reference Probes (optional)
DESCRIPTION
The IR-508 blackbody reference source is designed to provide infrared radiation as an ideal
blackbody emitter. The output energy from the 0.25” cavity closely follows the theoretical
maximum energy curve described by Max Planck's equation, and allows users to calibrate,
align, and measure infrared devices and phenomena of all types. The smaller size and lower
power consumption make the IR-508 ideal for applications with limited space and power, such
as in environmental chamber down to –80°C. Using the optional 8 position aperture wheel, the
infrared flux can be varied by known amounts without disturbing critical optical setups, and
combining apertures and distance changes, the flux at any point can easily be determined. The
IR-508 is ideal for the Near (1-3 um), Mid (3-8) and Far (8-30+ um) infrared bands. The IR-508
is a scaled down version of the industry standard IR-563 source..
The 20º tapered - recessed - cone, surface emissivity, and cavity aspect ratio combine to
provide blackbody radiation by multiple reflection, absorption and re-emission of its thermal
energy. The thermal energy of the cavity is provided by a ceramic-sealed heater coil that
uniformly heats the cavity cylinder to temperatures from 50º C to 1050º. The IR-508 system
carries a full, two-year warranty due to the reliability of actual field units used over the last 30
years. Designed for use with the IR-201 Temperature Controller.
SPECIFICATIONS
IR-508
Temperature Range
50°C to 1050°C
Accuracy
+/- .05% of full scale +/- 1 digit
Setability
1°C
Stability
+/- .1% of full scale per 24 hour period
Type of Control
P.I.D.
Sensing Element
Type S, Platinum/Platinum – 10% Rhodium
Calibration Thermocouple (STD)
Same as above (matched) +/- .1% accuracy
Cavity Emissivity
Cavity Type
Aperture Wheel Assemblies
Aperture Diameter
0.99 +/1 0.01
Recessed 20° cone
Optional
0.200” – 0.100” – 0.050” – 0.025” – 0.0125”
Max. Aperture Temp. Rise
30°C
Max. Housing Temp. Rise
80°C
Cavity Opening
0.250” diameter max.
Warmup Time
8 minutes amb. to 1050°C
Dimensions (Source)
5.40 x 3” x 4.9”
Net Weight
2.5 lbs.
Shipping Weight
Power Req. (110-120VAC,
50/60Hz, 1 phase)
5.0 lbs.
2.0 amp max.
220VAC option available (installed internally)
IR-508 OUTLINE DRAWING
IR-564 and IR-563
Cavity Blackbody Reference Sources
FEATURES
x Digital Controller
x Direct Mount Modulators Available
x 16 Internal Ramp to and Hold from Front Panel
x Two (2) Customer Configured Alarm Relays
x RS-232C/422A/485 or IEEE-488 (optional)
x Ice Bath Reference Probes (optional)
DESCRIPTION
The IR-560 Series blackbody reference sources are designed to provide infrared radiation as an
ideal blackbody emitter. The output energy from the 1.0” cavity closely follows the theoretical
maximum energy curve described by Max Planck's equation, and allows users to calibrate,
align, and measure infrared devices and phenomena of all types. Using the integral aperture
wheel, the infrared flux can be varied by known amounts without disturbing critical optical
setups, and combining apertures and distance changes, the flux at any point can easily be
determined. The IR-563 and IR-564 are ideal sources for the Near (1-3 um), Mid (3-8) and Far
(8-30+ um) infrared bands. The IR-563 has been the industry standard 1000º C blackbody for
more than 30 years, and continues to provide excellent service to infrared applications
throughout the industry. The IR-564 extends the temperature range of the IR-563 to 1200º C by
changing cavity materials to Silicon Carbide and high purity Alumina ceramics; otherwise the
two units are virtually identical.
The 20º tapered - recessed - cone, surface emissivity, and cavity aspect ratio combine to
provide blackbody radiation by multiple reflection, absorption and re-emission of its thermal
energy. The thermal energy of the cavity is provided by a ceramic-sealed heater coil that
uniformly heats the cavity cylinder to temperatures from 50º C to 1200º. The IR-563 system
carries a full, two-year warranty due to the reliability of actual field units used over the last 30
years; the IR-564 is covered by a one-year warranty.
SPECIFICATIONS
Temperature Range
IR-563
IR-564
50°C to 1050°C
50°C to 1200°C
Accuracy
+/- .05% of full scale +/- 1 digit
Setability
1°C
Stability
+/- .1% of full scale per 24 hour period
Type of Control
P.I.D.
Sensing Element
Type S, Platinum/Platinum – 10% Rhodium
Calibration Thermocouple (STD)
Same as above (matched) +/- .1% accuracy
Cavity Emissivity
0.99 +/1 0.01
Cavity Type
Recessed 20° cone
Aperture Wheel Assemblies
Aperture Diameter
Standard
0.600 – 0.400 – 0.200 – 0.100 – 0.050 – 0.025 – 0.0125” (.500 avail.)
Max. Aperture Temp. Rise
20°C
30°C
Max. Housing Temp. Rise
15°C
20°C
Cavity Opening
Warmup Time
1” diameter
Dimensions (Source)
11.75 x 8 x 11.4”
Net Weight
17 lbs.
Shipping Weight
Power Req. (110-120VAC,
50/60Hz, 1 phase)
19.5 lbs.
5.0 amp max.
220VAC option available (installed internally)
IR-563 AND IR-564 OUTLINE DRAWING
The IR-574 Series blackbody reference sources are designed to provide infrared radiation as an ideal blackbody
emitter. The output energy from the 2.25" Cavity closely follows the theoretical maximum energy curve described by
Max Planck's equation, and allow users to calibrate, align, and measure infrared devices and phenoma of all types.
Using the integral aperture wheel, the infrared flux can be varied by known amounts without disturbing critical optical
setups, and combining apertures and distance changes, the flux at any point can easily be determined. The IR-574
are ideal sources for the Near (1-3 um), Mid (3-8) and Far (8-30+ um) infrared bands. The IR-574 extends the
temperature range to 1200 º C by using special SiC cavity materials with high emissivity. to Silicon Carbide and high
purity Alumina ceramics, otherwise the two units are virtually identical.
The 20º tapered - recessed - cone, surface emissivity, and cavity apsect ratio combine to provide blackbody radiation
by multiple reflection, absorption and re-emission of it's thermal energy. The thermal energy of the cavity is provided
by a ceramic-sealed heater coil that uniformly heats the cavity cylinder to temperatures from 50 º C to 1200º C. The
IR-574 is covered by a one-year warranty.
The IR-301 Controller is used to provide accurate temperature control, display and interface for the blackbody
system. The system controls temperature using the Proportional, Integral and Derivative parameters (P.I.D.) of the
source to provide, stable temperature control, fast response time, and prevention of excessive settling time and
overshoot. Dual, large format, L.E.D. displays indicate the actual cavity and setpoint temperatures, and also allow
easy, front-panel interface to the controller's array of functions, such as external relay alarms, and ramp-soak cycles.
Computer interfaces for either RS-232/422/485 or IEEE-488 (GPIB) are available for remote control and operation of
the blackbody system from a host computer. All ISDC blackbodies are calibrated using N.I.S.T. traceable standards,
and available with CE marking for international users.
Φ INFRARED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
IR-2100/301 & IR-2101/301 Blackbody Systems
Infrared Systems Development introduces a new Thermo-Electrically cooled / heated
blackbody source. The Model IR-2100 has a 2” x 2” active area and a temperature
range of -5°C to +140°C. The Model IR-2101 has a 2” x 2” active area and a
temperature range of -30°C to +75°C.
The IR-301 series controller is used to provide P.I.D. microprocessor control of the
source, with a LED display to indicate actual source temperature and a LCD display
showing Set Point and Parameters. Optional computer interfaces provide complete
remote operation and calibration of the system.
The Blackbody surface provides an emissivity of 0.96 ± 2%, and a temperature stability
of better than +/-0.1 °C. Overall system error was tested at less than 0.2 °C, including
long-term stability. Operation below the dew point, typically 10 °C, will require a sealed
optical window or dry environment to avoid water condensate and frosting.
The system is centered around a high efficiency Thermo Electric cooler, with unique
coupling techniques to eliminate the ceramic top and bottom plates. This technique
allows a better contact with the source surface and heat sink to result in good stability
and high efficiency.
The IR-2100 Series was developed as a low cost calibration source for infrared imaging
systems, and calibration and experimentation with all types of infrared systems and
detectors
Authorized agents:
USA
(800)347-5445 0r (617)566-3821 * fax (617)731-0935 * [email protected] * www.boselec.com
Φ INFRARED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
IR-2100 Series Specifications:
Temperature Range:
IR-2100: -5ºC to 140ºC
IR-2101: -30ºC to 75ºC
Accuracy:
± 0.1ºC
Stability:
Controller:
± 0.1ºC
PID digital controller
Control Sensing Element:
Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT)
Calibration Thermocouple:
Type T
Surface Emissivity:
0.96 ± 0.02
Active Area:
2" x 2" Square (50.8 x 50.8 mm)
3” x 3” Available
Temperature Uniformity:
± 0.2ºC maximum over active area
Warm-up Time:
30 minutes from 10ºC to 140ºC Maximum
Authorized agents:
Display ± 1 digit
USA
(800)347-5445 0r (617)566-3821 * fax (617)731-0935 * [email protected] * www.boselec.com
LED18-10
Light Emitting Diode
Parameter
Rating
units
Peak emission wavelength
1.8
µm
300K
Spectral bandwidth (FWHM)
0.36
µm
300K
90
µW
2.5% duty cycle
100-200
mA
pulsed*
0.8-1.0
A
Radiant output power
(@300mA):
Operating Currents
Rise time
Temperature drift of band
(peak current)**
100
nS
2
nm/K
Encapsulation
TO-18 (TO-5 opt.)
Mesa diameter
1
Conditions
Lens / Window
mm
Field of View
60
deg.
Notes
x recommended detector is room temperature photovoltaic MCT detector model PDI-4 or TEcooled photovoltaic MCT model PDI-2TE-4; or room temperature photoconductive MCT detector
PCI-4 or TE-cooled photoconductive detector model PCI-2TE-4
x DO NOT connect/disconnect the LED while the pulse generator is in operation
x the lead nearest to the tag of TO-header is the anode and marked with a red dot.
x the cathode is connected to the case
x * square pulses of 500µsec duration and 1 KHz repetition frequency
x ** square pulses of 50µsec duration and 500 Hz repetition frequency
1.8 µm LED
Temperature: 300K
Peak emission at: 1.9µm
and 1.7µm
FWHM: 180nm
Relative Emission Intensity
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Wavelength (µm)
LED28-05
Parameter
Rating
units
Conditions
2.8
µm
300K
0.3
µm
300K
@ I=100 mA
50
µW
CW mode
@ I=1-5 A
5
mW
pulsed* mode
100
nS
2
nm/K
Max.emission power
Response time
Encapsulation
TO-18 (TO-5,TO-8 opt.)
Efficiency, % (not less)
Sapphire window
0.05
Field of View
60
deg.
Notes
x * I = 1.0 - 3.0 A, pulse width = 5µs @ f = 500Hz repetition rate
2.8µm LED
Temperature: 300K
Peak emission: 2.8µm
FWHM: 0.3um
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Wavelength (µm)
LED34-05
Parameter
Rating
units
Conditions
3.4
µm
300K
0.4
µm
300K
Max.emission power
20
µW
2.5% Duty cycle, pulsed* mode
200
µW
0.25% duty cycle,pulsed* mode
100
nS
2
nm/K
@ I=1-3 A
Response time
Encapsulation
Sapphire window
0.03
Field of View
60
deg.
Notes:
3.4µm LED
Temperature: 300K
FWHM: 400nm
8
6
4
2
0
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
Wavelength (µm)
LED38
Parameter
Rating
units
Conditions
3.8
µm
300K
0.4
µm
300K
Radiant output power
60
µW
2.5% duty cycle, 3A pulse current
500-600
mA*
Pulsed
2.0-2.5
A**
Peak current
200
nS
300K
2
nm/K
Operating currents
Rise time
Encapsulation
TO18 (TO-5 / TO-8 opt.)
Lens/Window material
Sapphire window
Field of View
60
deg.
0.04
Application
Radiation absorbed by hydrocarbon (such as methane),
Environmental monitoring, IR spectroscopy
Notes:
x Square pulses of 500µs duration and 1KHz repetition frequency
x Square pulses of 50µs duration and 500Hz repetition frequency
3.8µm LED
Temperature: 300K
FWHM: 550nm
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
Wavelength (µm)
LED42-05
Parameter
Rating
units
Conditions
4.3
µm
300K
0.5
µm
300K
@ I=100 mA
15
µW
CW mode
@ I=1-5 A
2
mW
pulsed* mode
100
nS
2
nm/K
Max.emission power
Response time
Encapsulation
TO-18
Sapphire lens
0.01
Field of View
10
deg.
Notes:
x
x
recommended detector is room temperature photovoltaic MCT detector model PDI-5 or TEcooled photovoltaic MCT model PDI-2TE-5; or room temperature photoconductive MCT detector
DO NOT connect/disconnect the LED while the pulse generator is in operation
* I = 1.0 - 5.0 A, Pulse width = 5µs @ f=500Hz repetition rate (duty cycle = 0.25%)
4.2µm LED
Temperature: 300K
FWHM: 500nm
15
x
12
9
6
3
0
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
Wavelength (µm)
LED48-05
Parameter
Rating
units
Conditions
4.8
µm
300K
0.5
µm
300K
@ I=100 mA
10
µW
CW mode
@ I=1-5 A
1
mW
pulsed* mode
100
nS
2
nm/K
Max.emission power
Response time
Encapsulation
Sapphire window
0.01
Field of View
60
deg.
Notes:
4.8µm LED Temperature: 300K
FWHM: 500nm
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
Wavelength (µm)
Construction of optically pumped light emitting
diodes (OP LEDs)
6 mm dia.
00
300
Relative intensity
1
2
600
3
4
5
90
0
surface emitting LED
immersion lens LED
_
6
7
8
1-Immersion lens
2-Epoxy
3-Narow gap “phosphor “
4-GaAs pump
5-Si submount,
6-TO-39 (TO-5) header
7-Cathode
8-Anode
Boston Electronics Corporation, 91 Boylston St, Brookline MA
02445 USA
02/01/2002
\\Snap105913\SHARE1\Product Literature\IR Sources\Infrared Sources\document
sources\LMS InSb-OP-LEDs 10-10-01.doc
Room temperature emission spectra of InSb OP
LED
Energy (meV)
400 350 300
250
200
150
Relative Intensity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
InSb OP LED
RT, 5 Ps, 500 Hz, I=1 A
0.2
0.0
3
4
5
6
7
8
Wavelength (Pm)
Power (a.u.)
Temperature
dependence of InSb
OP LED output
power
10
8
5 Ps, 500 H z
I= 1 A
6
4
In S b O P L E D
2
20
40
60
o
80 C
Output Power of InSb OP LED
250
w it h im m e r s io n le n s e
s u r f a c e e m itt in g L E D
Power (PW)
200
150
100
In S b O P L E D , R T , W = 5 P s , f = 5 0 0 H z
50
0
0 .0
0 .5
1 .0
1 .5
2 .0
C u r r e n t ( A ) , 91 Boylston St, Brookline MA
02445 USA
02/01/2002
\\Snap105913\SHARE1\Product Literature\IR Sources\Infrared Sources\document
sources\LMS InSb-OP-LEDs 10-10-01.doc
Peak power in band, PW
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
6
Boston Electronics
wavelength, Pm
5.5
Peak power across all bands ~ 225 PW with 5
Psec pulses, 500 Hz rep rate, 2 amp current, at
20C
6.5
7
7.5
8
Output of InSb mid-IR OP-LED, optically pumped with GaAs
LED
10/12/2001
8.5
1.8uM LED OUTPUT INTENSITY vs CURRENT and DUTY CYCLE
10
2.5%
9
5%
Relative Output Power
8
7
10%
6
5
20%
4
3
25%
2
50%
1
75%
0
90%
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Pulse Current Amperes
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
LED-PG
LED Pulse Generator
DESCRIPTION
The LED-PG pulse generator module is designed to supply the optimal pulse current, pulse
width, and pulse repetition frequency (prf) for the LMS LEDs. There is a trade-off between
these parameters; for example, too high a pulse current or prf will cause overheating and damage
to the LED, while longer pulses allow lower band-width detectors and simpler signal detection
circuitry to be used.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
1. Connect the LED to the connector terminals attached to the pulse generator
CAUTION
NOTE
the leads on the LED must be soldered to the terminals with a particularly polarity; the BNC
connector center “+” (anode) is to receive the electrically positive LED lead. LMS LEDs have
differing polarities depending on the device type.
Some LED-PG pulse generators are supplied with a heat sink mount for the LED. Heat-sinking is
advisable to avoid LED damage; consult LED specification sheets.
2. Connect a 12V DC power supply, capable of providing sufficient current, to the pin
connections on the pulse generator enclosure marked +12V and GND.
3. Turn on the power supply. The output should be detectable using a detector and
preamplifier having a rise time of <100µs and the appropriate spectral range for the LED
emission, for example the PbSe detector and MPA-6 preamplifier combination available
from LMS.
The LED-PG pulse generator is normally supplied with the following factory settings:
Pulse current
Repetition rate
Duty cycle
500mA
1kHz
10%
These settings are safe for all LMS LEDs operating without a heat sink at room temperature.
4. The pin labeled “monitor” can be used to monitor the LED drive on an oscilloscope.
One-volt output from the monitor pin corresponds to one ampere to the LED.
5. Pulse settings can be changed by rotating one of the three multi-turn potentiometer
screws labeled “pulse width”, “repetition rate”, and “current”.
The setting ranges are listed under Specifications. Please consult LED specification sheets for an
acceptable combination of pulse current, width, and repetition rate.
SPECIFICATIONS
Pulse Current
0-2.5amperes (peak)
Repetition Rate*
400Hz-50kHz
Pulse Width
10µS-750µS
Pulse Rise Time
5µS
* Repetition Rate is defined at 1/(time interval between lagging or leading edge of successive pulses).
OLS 150
Tunable IR-Laser Source
DESCRIPTION
The OLS 150 is ideal for applications which require a tunable mid-infrared laser source. The
OLS 150 consists of three parts: the TLS 150 laser controller, the OLS 110 liquid nitrogen
cooled laser head, and the TLS 509-40 laser collimator.
SPECIFICATIONS
OLS 110 Laser Head and collimator
Operating temperature range
Cool down time
Hold time (no load)
Liquid nitrogen consumption (no load)
Liquid nitrogen consumption (with
load)
Dimensions of baseplate
Optical axis height above baseplate
Diode laser capacity
Window material
Collimator TLS 509-40 on x, y, z-stage
Output beam
85-125K
Approx. 25 minutes
Approx. 36 hours
<2 dm3/day
3-5 dm3/day
300x200x10mm
60mm
2
Barium fluoride
90° off-axis gold-coated parabolic mirror
Parallel; diameter 14mm
TLS 150 Laser Controller
Power supply
90-110V, 103-127V, 207-253V; 50-60Hz
Dimensions
232 x 143 x 370mm
Temperature control
Control range
15-300K
Temperature stability with PT 1000
sensor
+/- 0.1mK
Temperature sensor current
10µA/100µA switchable
Current control
Range
0-1000mA
Noise
<10µA
Current limit
Adjustable 0-1000mA; step size 0.1mA
Current type
cw
External modulation
Via BNC input, bandwidth 500kHz
Modulation coefficient
100mA/V
Setting resolution
+/-0.1mA
Max. current and temperature settings for optimal protection of the laser diodes
OPTIONS
x Diode Lasers selectable between 3 and 10.5µm, ask us for details
x Software to control the laser
x Complete systems include a scanning monochromator, for the wavelength range between
3 and 25µm
x Software for the system control and for the rapic scan spectroscopy data acquisition
Due to ongoing product development, all specifications are subject to change without notice
Is a Pb-salt Tunable IR Diode Laser
Source System Right for me (or should
I consider a Quantum Cascade Laser)?
ADVANTAGES of Pb-salts
A Pb-salt Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) system offers extremely narrow linewidth,
making it the ideal choice for high-resolution gas absorption spectroscopy
DISADVANTAGES
Drawbacks of Pb-salt TDLs include high costs, difficult logistics associated with
cryogenic operation, and low diode output power. Consider Quantum Cascade diode
lasers as an alternative to Pb-salts especially when logistics or power is an issue.
SUPPORT HARDWARE for Pb-salt TDLs
Boston Electronics Corporation is North American agent for Mütek Infrared Laser
Systems GmbH of Herrsching, Germany. Mütek makes hardware to operate cryogenic
Pb-salt diode lasers. Mütek does NOT make the diode lasers themselves, ONLY the
support hardware. We can, however, deliver a complete system with a new diode
installed and tested.
Support hardware to operate a Pb-salt TDL consists generally of
VARIABLE TEMPERATURE CRYOSTAT
• Typically liquid nitrogen based for diode wavelengths between 3.1 and 9.5µm
• Typically a closed cycle cryocooler for wavelengths >9.5mm but occasionally
liquid helium based
CONTROL ELECTRONICS
• To vary the cryostat temperature over the range in which the installed TDL is
operable
• To maintain the temperature within a narrow temperature range (a few
milliKelvin) during operation within a narrow spectral range (a few wavenumbers)
• To power the TDL and, usually, to modulate the drive current over a few hundred
milliamps in order to modulate the wavelength over its few wavenumbers of
current tuning range.
91 Boylston Street, Brookline, Massachusetts 02445 USA
(800)347-5445 or (617)566-3821 fax (617)731-0935
www.boselec.com
[email protected]
Room Temperature
Tunable
IR Diode Lasers
from
Alpes Lasers
Readily available:
Single Mode 5.3 to 6.0 and 10.0 to 10.5 Pm
Multimode 5.0 to 6.2 and 8.5 to 10.6 Pm
Built to order:
3.5 to 17 Pm
PRODUCTS
Distributed Feedback Laser (Single mode)
x
Operation in pulsed
mode
x
Two different mountings
available:
o
TH mounting (bolt
down) Size: 20 x 6
x 3.2 mm3
o
SB mounting
(clamp-holder)
Size: 19 x 7 x 2
mm3
x
Room temperature
operation
x
Output power:
Average: 2 - 10
mW
o Peak: 100 - 500
mW
x Beam divergence (full
angle):
o
o
o
60° perpendicular
40° parallel
Lead time 2-8 weeks
Available wavelengths:
5.3 - 6.0 µm and 10.0 - 10.5 µm
Fabry-Perot Laser (Multimode)
x
Operation in pulsed mode
x
Two different mountings
available:
o
TH mounting (bolt down)
Size: 20 x 6 x 3.2 mm3
o
SB mounting (clampholder)
Size: 19 x 7 x 2 mm3
x
Room temperature operation
x
Output power:
Average: 2 - 10 mW
Peak: 100 - 500 mW
x Beam divergence (full angle):
o
o
o
o
60° perpendicular
40° parallel
Lead time 2-8 weeks
Available wavelengths:
5.0 - 6.2 µm and 8.5 - 10.5 µm
Starter kit
Equipment for operating Distributed-Feedback-Laser and Fabry-Perot-Laser.
Overview:
This kit contains: (1) Pulse generator, (2) connector cable to (3) pulse switcher, (4) low
impedance line conducting pulses to (5) laboratory laser housing. Power supply of internal
cooling elements via (6) connector cable by (7) temperature controller.
Lead Time 2 weeks
How to get started:
Just place the laser into the thermally stabilized Laboratory Laser Housing and connect
your own external DC-power supply (30V, 1A..50V, 2A; depending on the laser).
Laboratory Laser Housing - LLH
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Peltier cooled laser-stage inside, minimal
temperature <-30°C
Laser power supply by low impedance line from
LDD
Anti Reflection Coated (3.5 to 12 µm) ZnSe
window.
Exchangeable laser sub mount.
Direct voltage measurement on the laser
connection, AC coupled.
PT-100 or NTC temperature measurement.
Needs air or water-cooling.
Temperature stabilization and power supply by TC51
x Size: 10cm x 5cm x 5cm
Low impedance line
x
Length: 0.5m
Lead time 2 weeks
Laser Diode Driver - LDD100
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Peak Current up to 15 Amps
Voltage up to 50 Volts
Low impedance connection to LLH
12 V DC power supply, provided by pulse
generator
TTL 50 Ohm input
Monitor: laser voltage, current, pulse frequency
& duty cycle.
Rise/fall time 10 ns
Pulse duration min 10ns (with attenuation), flat
from 20ns to DC
Pulse repetition rate 0 to 1 MHz (possible to 2
MHz, but not linear)
Size: 15cm x 6cm x 9 cm
Lead time 2 weeks
LDD supply cable
x
Length: 2.0m
Lead time 2 weeks
Pulse Generator - TPG128
Two TTL 50 Ohm output
Synchronization output
Rise/fall time < 10 ns
Pulse duration 20 to 200 ns
Pulse repetition rate 10 kHz to 5 MHz
Gate input
Power supply 220V, 50-60 Hz
This unit drives the LDD (duty cycle up to
20%)
x Size: 22cm x 7cm x 13.5cm
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Lead time 2 weeks
Temperature Controller - TC51
x
x
x
x
x
x
Temperature range: -35°C .. +65°C
PT100 temperature sensor
Internal/External temperature setting
Monitor-output for real temperature
Laser overheat-protection by Interlock-system
This unit stabilizes temperature of laser in LLH
x
Size: 11.5cm x 22cm x 27.5cm
Connector cable TC51 - LLH
x
x
Length: 1.3m
provides current for Peltier elements and connects Pt100 sensor to TC-51
Lead time 2 weeks
APPLICATIONS
Fields of applications:
Quantum cascade lasers have been proposed in a wide range of applications where powerful
and reliable mid-infrared sources are needed. Examples of applications are:
Industrial process monitoring:
Contamination in semiconductor fabrication lines, food processing, brewing, combustion
diagnostics.
Life sciences and medical applications
Medical diagnostics, biological contaminants.
Law enforcement
Drug or explosive detection.
Military
Chemical/biological agent detection, counter measures, covert telecommunications.
Why the mid-infrared?
Because most chemical compounds have their fundamental vibrational modes
in the mid-infrared, spanning approximately the wavelength region from 3 to
15µm, this part of the electromagnetic spectrum is very important for gas
sensing and spectroscopy applications. Even more important are the two
atmospheric windows at 3-5µm and 8-12µm. The transparency of the
atmosphere in these two windows allows remote sensing and detection. As an
example, here are the relative strengths of CO2 absorption lines as a function
of frequency:
Wavelength (µm)
Relative
absorption
strength
1.432
1
1.602
3.7
2.004
243
2.779
6800
4.255
69000
Approximate relative line strengths for various bands of the CO2 gas.
Moreover, because of the long wavelength, Rayleigh scattering from dust and rain drops will be
much less severe than in the visible, allowing applications such as radars, ranging, anti-collision
systems, covert telecommunications and so on. As an example, Rayleigh scattering decreases
by a factor 104 between wavelengths of 1µm and 10µm.
Detection techniques
Direct absorption
In a direct absorption measurement, the change in intensity of a beam is recorded as the latter
crosses a sampling cell where the chemical to be detected is contained. This measurement
technique has the advantage of simplicity. In a version of this technique, the light interacts with
the chemical through the evanescent field of a waveguide or an optical fiber.
Some examples of use a direct absorption technique:
- A. Müller et al. 1999 (PDF 1187kB)
- B. Lendl et al.
Frequency modulation technique (TILDAS)
In this technique, the frequency of the laser is modulated sinusoidally so as to be periodically in
and out of the absorption peak of the chemical to be detected. The absorption in the cell will
convert this FM modulation into an AM modulation, which is then detected usually by a lock-in
technique.
The advantage of the TILDAS technique is mainly its sensitivity. First of all, under good
modulation condition, an a.c. signal on the detector is only present when there is absorption in
the chemical cell. Secondly, this signal discriminates efficiently against slowly varying
absorption backgrounds. For this reason, this technique will usually work well for narrow
absorption lines, requiring also a monomode emission from the laser itself. This technique has
already been successfully applied with Distributed Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser (DFBQCL). Some examples in the literature include:
- E. Whittaker et al, Optics Letters 1998 (PDF 229kB)
- F. Tittel et al., accepted for publication in Optics Letters.
Photoacoustic detection
In the photoacoustic technique, the optical beam is periodically modulated in amplitude before
illuminating the cell containing the absorbing chemical. The expansion generated by the
periodic heating of the chemical creates an acoustic wave, which is detected by a microphone.
The two very important advantages of photoacoustic detection are
i) a signal is detected only in the presence of absorption from the molecule
ii) no mid-ir detectors are needed.
For these reasons, photoacoustic detection has the potential of being both cheap and very
sensitive. However, ultimate sensitivity is usually limited by the optical power of the source.
Photoacoustic detection has already been used successfully with unipolar laser, see
- Paldus et al., Optics Letters ...
Customers
Our list of customers includes:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (USA), Vienna University of Technology (Austria), Fraunhofer
Institute (Germany), Georgia Institute of technology (USA), ETHZ (Switzerland), Physical
Sciences Inc. (USA): first QCL based product, Aerodyne (USA), Scuola Normale de Pisa (Italy),
Orbisphere (Switzerland).
TECHNOLOGY
General device characteristics
How do I drive the device?
As for any semiconductor laser, the performance of the device depends on the
temperature. In general, unipolar lasers need (negative) operating voltage around 10
V with (peak-) currents between 1 and 5 A, depending on the temperature and the
device. Around room temperature, that is the temperature range (-40..+70 °C) that
can be reached by Peltier elements, unipolar lasers operate only in pulsed mode
because of the large amount of heat dissipated in the device. In general, pulse
length around 100 ns is suitable for Fabry Pérot devices. Alpes Lasers sells
electronic drivers dedicated to unipolar lasers.
Electrical behavior and I-V characteristics
Quantum cascade lasers exhibit I-V curves that are diode like characteristics for
short wavelength devices (l = 5 µm) to almost ohmic behavior for l = 11 µm. In any
case the differential resistance at threshold is a few ohms. Long wavelength devices
often exhibit a maximum current above which, if driven harder, the voltage increases
abruptly while the optical power drops to zero. This process, which occurs only in
unipolar lasers, is usually non-destructive and reversible if the device is not driven
too hard above its maximum current.
Room temperature I-V curves of unipolar lasers (measured in pulsed mode). The
device operating at l = 10 µm has a maximum operation current (because of the
appearance of Negative Differential Resistance or NDR) of 3.2 A.
Electrical model:
In a simplified way, the device can be modeled, for electronic purpose, by a
combination of two resistors and two capacitors. As shown by the above I-V curves,
R1 increases from 10 to 20 Ohms at low biases to 1-3 Ohms at the operating point.
C1 is a 100-pF capacitor (essentially bias independent) between the cathode and
the anode coming from the bonding pads. C2 depends on your mounting of the laser
typically in the Laboratory Laser Housing, C1<100 pF
Temperature dependence of the laser characteristics:
The threshold current and slope efficiency are temperature dependent, although this
dependence is much weaker than the one observed in interband devices at similar
wavelengths. Shown below are a set of power versus current curves taken from a
device l = 10 µm at various temperatures. In general, the device has a maximum
operation temperature, which, depending on the design and wavelength, can be
between 300K to a maximum of 400K. As maximum power and sometimes slope
efficiencies both increase with decreasing temperature, it is usually advisable to cool
the device with a Peltier element. Alpes Lasers sells a special Peltier cooled housing
dedicated to driving unipolar lasers. Peak power between 20 and 100 mW, which is
equal to average powers between 2 and 10 mW, are obtained typically.
Peak and average power (at a duty cycle of 1.5%) for a unipolar laser as a function
of temperature.
High duty cycle operation of a unipolar laser
Typically, because of excess heat due to the driving current, unipolar lasers must be
driven by current bursts with typically 10 ns rise time and a pulse-length of 100 ns.
Some unipolar lasers may also operate in continuous wave (c.w.) at cryogenic
temperatures, with a maximum operating temperature of 50 to 100 K depending on
the design.
Alpes Lasers specify c.w. operation on special request.
Spectral characteristics
Under pulsed operation, the spectra of these lasers are multimode, the spectral
width of the emission being of about one to fifty nanometer (1-30 cm-1, typically
10 cm-1) depending on the device design and operating point. Although it is not a
property common to all unipolar laser designs, our long-wavelength devices will blue
shift with increasing current, as shown on the figure below.
a)
b)
a) spectra of a long wavelength laser based on a diagonal transition
b) spectrum of a short wavelength laser based on a vertical transition
Electrical tuning
By driving the device with two different electrodes, wavelength and output power can
be independently adjusted. Tuning ranges as large as 40 cm-1 at a peak power of
5 mW and a temperature of -10 °C have been obtained by Alpes Lasers.
See literature for more details on this technique.
Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB)
In a Distributed Feedback Laser, a grating is etched into the active region to force
the operation of the laser at very specific wavelength determined by the grating
periodicity. As a consequence, the laser is single frequency which may be adjusted
slightly by changing the temperature of the active region with a tuning rate of 1/n
Dn/DT = 6x10-5K-1.
Scanning Micrograph image of a Distributed Feedback Unipolar Laser (DFB-UL).
The grating selecting the emission wavelength is well visible on the surface.
Emission spectra versus temperature for a DFB-UL. The device is driven at its
maximum current.
It must be stressed that because of this tuning effect, when operated in pulsed mode
close to room temperature, the linewidth of emission is a strong function of quality of
electronics driving the laser. The latter should optimally deliver short pulses (best 110 ns to obtain the narrowest lines) with an excellent amplitude stability. The laser
will drift at an approximate rate of a fraction of Kelvin per nanosecond during the
pulse [see literature].
Beam Properties
Polarization
Because the intersubband transition exhibit a quantum mechanical selection rule,
the emission from a unipolar laser is always polarized linearly with the electric field
perpendicular to the layers (and the copper sub mount).
Beam divergence
The unipolar laser is designed around a tightly confined waveguide. For this reason,
the beam diffracts strongly at the output facet and has a (full) divergence angle of
about 60 degrees perpendicular to the layer and 40 degrees parallel to the layers
(see figures below). A f#1 optics will typically collect about 70% of the emitted output
power. Be careful that the collected output power will decrease with the square of
the f-number of the collection optics. The mode is usually very close to a Gaussian
0,0 mode.
Bipolar
Unipolar
Products
RT-P-DFB-2-X
Lasers specifically
designed for chemical
sensing.
- Room temp. operation
- Pulsed
- Single line emission
- Single lateral mode
- Far field 10°x60° FWHM
- 2 mW average power
- Wavelength off stock: 4.6, 5.2, 10.35,
17-µm and many others, please ask.
- Built to order from 3.5 to 17 µm
RT-HP-DFB-5,10,20-X
Alpes Lasers
CP 58
CH-2008, Neuchâtel
Switzerland
Tel +41 878 803 041
Fax +41 878 803 042
www.alpeslasers.ch
[email protected]
Lasers specifically designed for
photoacoustic measurements.
- Pulsed
- 5,10,20 mW average power
- Wavelength off stock: 10.35 µm.
- Built to order from 5 to 12 µm
Products
Getting started
RT-P-FP-2...50-X
Q: How do I operate a QCL?
A: A starter kit is proposed in order to
Lasers designed for
acqueous chemical
sensing.
- Pulsed
- Multiple line emission
- 2,5,10,20,50 mW average power
- Wavelength off stock: 4.6, 5.2, 6, 10.35,
17-µm and many others, please ask (not
all power rating are available).
- Built to order from 3.5 to 17 µm
obtain a fully functional, stand alone
Quantum Cascade Laser light source with no
additional effort at competitive prices. Alpes
Lasers provides all the necessary
parameters and instructions to operate at
best the lasers in its Starter Kits. Once
unpacked, the laser with the Starter Kit
operates within minuts.
Q: How do I integrate a QCL in a
system?
A: A OEM version of the Starter Kit is
available at a reduced price compared to the
stand alone version. A multiple temperature
controler unit (2, 4, 6 units) is available for
19''rack mount. A miniature pulser integrated
in the laser box will be available end 2002.
RT-CW-FP-5-X
Lasers specifically designed for Free
Space Optics (FSO) data transmission.
- CW operation
- Multiple line emission
- Wavelength off stock: 9.3 µm.
- Available 2003
Q: How do I get support operating a
QCL?
A: A Alpes Lasers' Quantum Cascade Laser
specialist can assist you starting the laser
and get the most out of it. Alpes Lasers
personnel totalises now more than 20 years
of experience in the field of Quantum
Cascade Lasers and this knowledge is
available to our customers directly on the
phone.
RT-CW-DFB-1-X
Lasers specifically designed for high
resolution chemical sensing.
- CW operation
- Available 2003
Alpes Lasers
CP 58
CH-2008, Neuchâtel
Switzerland
Tel +41 878 803 041
Fax +41 878 803 042
www.alpeslasers.ch
[email protected]
Q: Can I obtain a QCL at a specific
wavelength?
A: Any wavelength can be obtained in from
3.5 to 17 µm a Alpes Lasers specialist will
assist you specifying the laser you need. It
takes then from four to six month to built the
ordered device.
7/1/2004
Spectral Radiance - W/(m2)(sr)(µm)
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0.1
Wavelength - µm
10
1
1125C
20C
600C
1050C
825C
Spectral Radiance of 20C, 600C, 825C, 1050C & 1125C Blackbodies
100

Temperature vs Voltage - Boston Electronics Corporation

Transcription

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