A History of CPES

A History of CPES
Our Vision:
Provide leadership through global collaborative research
and education for creating electric processing systems of
the highest value to society
1977 - PERG began
Leo Grigsby
In 1977, Fred Lee was hired to start a power electronics
program and fix the broken-down car
Early PERG Research
Permanent magnet machine motor drive for electric
vehicle with first-generation giant bi-polar transistor
Dan Chen Joined PERG
(1979)
Emitter-open (cascode)
configuration
Dan Chen
“Bipolar-FET Combination Power Transistors for Power Conversion Application”, D.Y Chen and S.A Chin.
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol.AES-20, NO.5, pp 659-664, September 1984.
“A GTO Circuit Using IGT and MOSFET as Gate Drivers”, S.A Chin and D.Y Chen. Proceedings of the
Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting; Atlanta, GA, October 18-23, 1987; pp 489-492.
VLF Transmitter Power Amplifier
(1980)
Original modular multi-cell
converter concept
proposed for VLF
transmitter power amplifier
Original Modular Multi-Cell Converter Concept
(1980)
First Phase-shift ZVS Full Bridge
DC-to-Sinusoidal Inverter Using
Vector Summation Scheme
Vector Summation of Two
Sinusoidal Waveforms
6
Device Characterization
(1981)
Fred Lee with non-destructive
second breakdown tester
Milan Jovanović & Grant Carpenter with
non-destructive second breakdown tester
Dushan Boroyevich Joined PERG
(1982)
Victor Stefanović
awarded GE
Fellowship to
Dushan
A page from a hand-written
paper by Dushan, 1983
Milia & Dushan
8
Bo H. Cho Joined PERG
(1982)
Modeling and Analysis of
Spacecraft Power Systems
Bo H. Cho
Korean National
Academy of Engineering
9
Ramesh Oruganti Joined PERG
(1982)
Ramesh Oruganti
Now retired from
National Singapore
University
State-plane Analysis &
Optimal Trajectory Control
VPEC & Industry Partnership Established
(1983)
1st VPEC Annual Seminar
Proceedings
Zero-Current Switching
(1983)
Kwang-Hwa Liu
Resonant Switch
Hard Switching
Half-wave ZCS Switching
“Resonant Switches – A Unified Approach to Improved Performances of Switching
Converters,” K. H. Liu and F.C. Lee (International Telecommunications Energy
Conference 1984” ; U.S. Patent number: 4,720,667
Zero-Voltage Switching
(1985)
Energy
i
transfer
v
Kwang-Hwa Liu
i
d
d
v
ds
ds
Resonant Switch
Hard Switching @ 200KHz
Hard Switching
ZVS @ 5MHz- 50MHz
“Zero-Voltage Switching Techniques in DC/DC Converter Circuits,” K.H. Liu and
F.C. Lee, (IEEE Power Electronic Specialists Conference 1986); US Patent 4,720,668
Milan Jovanović Joined VPEC
(1983)
Milan performing circuit testing
14
First Major Commercial Application
(1984-1991)
Ray Ridley
High-density modular
power supplies for IBM
mainframe computers
Distributed Power System
(1984-1991)
IBM Mainframe 390
Benefits: modularity, N + 1 redundancy for
reliability, hot swap
A VPEC-developed High-frequency Power Supply
Fred C. Lee, Dushan Boroyevich, Ray Ridley, Vlatko Vlatkovic,
Juan Sabate, Bo H. Cho
Vatché Vorpérian Joined VPEC
(1984)
3-terminal switch model
17
Multi-Resonant Converter
(1985-1986)
Wojciech
Tabisz
FORWARD ZVS-MRC
Multi-Resonant Converter
(1985-1986)
High density power supply for
phase array radar
Milan
Jovanović
Full-Bridge ZVS-MRC
High-Density On-Board Power Supplies
(Late 1980’s)
Soft-switching technologies
Board-mounted power
F. William Stephenson Joined VPEC
(1986)
Bill Stephenson
Introduced VPEC into hybrid
electronics research
Hybrid DC/DC converter
21
Thick Film Hybrid Technologies
(1988)
Pawel Gradzki
High density dc-dc converter
module
Thick-film hybrid
transformer
Thick-film magnetics with
printed core
VPEC became CIT TDC
(1987-1997)
CIT Technology Development
Center (TDC)
Over the 10-year funding cycle, CIT provided a
total of $3 million to VPEC
23
1st VPEC Modeling and Control Short Course
(1988)
Ray Ridley
(Now)
Ray Ridley testing circuit in lab
(Then)
Flyback converter designed by
short course participant
24
First Accurate Small Signal Model for PWM
(1988)
Richard
Tymerski
Jim Groves
First small signal Modeling accurate
prediction at switching frequency
25
Guichao (Gary) Hua Joined VPEC
(1989)
Gary Hua
Basic ZCT-PWM Topologies
Basic ZVT-PWM Topologies
26
Soft-Switching Technologies in the 80s
25 US patents
ZVS
QRC
ZVS
MRC
Zero-voltage switching
Multi-Resonant
Converter
ZVS
PWM
Soft
Switching
ZCS
QRC
Zero-voltage switching
Quasi-Resonant
Converter
ZCS
PWM
Transformational change of power conversion technologies With
significant reduction of switching losses and increase in
conversion efficiency and power density
Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) Testbed
(1991-1994)
Solar
Array
Simulator
Dan Sable
Dan Sable testing a space
power station for EOS testbed
NASA Space Power Testbed
(1991)
First Multi-phase
Buck/Boost
Converter
A bi-directional converter was developed for NASA
space power testbed
Matrix Converter
(1991-1992)
Vlatko
Vlatkovic
2 kW three-phase matrix converter
Xinfu
Zhuang
Five-Phase Inverter
(1994)
Kunrong
Wang
A novel five-phase multi-pole
permanent magnet brushless DC
motor and drives
Alex Huang Joined CPES
(1994)
High Power IPEM
Emitter Turn-off (ETO)
Thyristor
@4000A, 4500V
Invented by Alex Huang
at CPES, VT
Alex Huang
Recipient of prestigious 2003
R&D 100 Award
A High-Power Hybrid Power Supply System
(1995-1997)
Power Stage
Ivan
Jadric
Richard
Zhang
V. Himamshu
Prasad
Hardware Setup
High Power Hybrid Standalone Power
Supply System developed for Kohler
33
Modular “Plug & Play” Control
Architecture
Integrated Phase-Leg + Hardware Manager
Optical
Isolation
PWM
Generator
Jerry
Francis
Ivan
Jadric
Fault & Error
Logic
Ivana
Milosavljevic
Floating
Power
Supplies
Communication
Control
Current &
Temperature
Measurement
Gate
Drive
Universal
Controller
(Application
T Manager)
Optical
Isolation
V
Smart
Phase-Leg
PEBBs
(Hardware
Managers)
Gate
Drive
+
Snubber
A
AC
Snubber
Serial Communications Link & Control Power Supply
125 Mb/s POF Daisy-Chained Serial Bus (PESNet)
_
PEBB Based DC Distributed System
(1995-2005)
DC Power Distribution Bus
Power
Gen
DC/DC
AC/DC
Load
Filter
Zout
Rect.
&
Filter
Input
Filter
Zin
DC/AC
Controller
Controller
Filter
Motor
Zout
Zonal Control
Zin
Controller
Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB)
(1995-2005)
36
Aircraft Electric Service Station
Concepts
1995
Technology
1998
Product
2001
Deployment
2002
Aircraft
Electric
Service
Station
Three-dimensional
Space-vector
Modulation
VPEC
VIRGINIA POWERELECTRONICSCENTER
CVN 75
Modular Converter Systems
Example: Parallel Converters
PEBB unit
Sam Ye
Kun Xing
iZ
DC
bus
PEBB unit
• Small modification in modulation
• Simple additional (zero-sequence)
current controller in N-1 converters
Power Conditioning System for SMES
(1995-1998)
Dengming Peng
SMES
Coil
Dong-Ho Lee
Nikola Celanovic
Bi-directional
Chopper
Three-Phase
Inverter
Matt Superczynski
P
Utility
0
N
PEBB Cell
Proof-of-Concept Prototype 250kw(1800V,200 A)
Power Conditioning System for SMES
(1995-1998)
Bi-directional Chopper Three-Phase Inverter
P
Utility
SMES
Coil
0
N
+
S1
Sx3 0.25uF
2uH
2000V
+
S2
Sx1
D1
+
+
300uH
D2
S3
Sx4
2uH
Sx2
0.25uF
2000V
S4
3-level ZVZCT phase-leg
4 x 800uF, 450V 2 x CM150DY
2 x RM400HA 4 x CM400HA
40
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion
(1995-1997)
PNGV
Sponsors:
Ford, General Motors
Daimler-Chrysler
US Army TACOM
PNGV Electric Vehicle Testbed
41
Electric Vehicle Dynamometer
(1997)
Jae-Young Choi
Dimos Katsis
Wei Dong
Mark Herwald
Fuel Cell vehicle
(1996)
Jason Lai
Kunrong Wang
Lizhi Zhu
Every Ballard vehicle uses CPESdesigned DC/DC converter for fuel cell
Power Electronics Packaging Laboratory
(1997)
VRM Consortium was formed
(1997)
Dan Chen
Luca
Amoroso
Xunwei Zhou
Xingzhu
Zhang
Pit-Leong
Wong
Every processor is
powered with CPES
multi-phase VRM
Jiabin Chen
Peng Xu
Jiangang Liu
Ho-Pu Wu
Every uP is Powered by a Multi-Phase VR
(1997)
6-phase
VR
3-phase VR
VR
VR
VR
Laptop
Video card
Desktop
VR
Impro
Multi
Phase VR
VR
VR
VR
VR
7-phase VR
VR
veme
Server
nt
10-phaseVR
VR
VR
4-phase
VR for
Chipset
CPU
CPU
VR for
Memory
CPES Research Leadership Team
(1998-2008)
Center Director
Engineered
Systems
F. C. Lee, VT
IPEM-Based Power
Conversion Systems
(IPEM-PCS)
D. Boroyevich, VT
Fundamental
Knowledge
Enabling
Technology
Electro-Magneto-Thermo-Mechanical Integration Technology (EMTMIT)
T. M. Jahns, UW
Microprocessor
and Converter
Integration
Integratable
Materials
G. Q. Lu, VT
Power Electronics
Integration Tech
K.Ngo, VT
T. A. Lipo, UW
Standard-Cell
Active IPEMs
High-Density
Integration
J. D. van Wyk, VT
Standard-Cell
Passive IPEMs
Thermal-Mechanical
Integration
E. P. Scott, VT
Motor and
Converter
Integration
Control & Sensor
Integration
R. D. Lorenz, UW
Advanced Power
Semiconductors
T. P. Chow, RPI
cpes47
CPES established as NSF ERC
(1998)
Ken
Phillips
Co-Chair
John Steel Pierre
IAB Chair Thollot
Secretary
Ramon
Vasquez
UPRM
Tom Jahns
Abdollah Homaifar
CPES Scientific Advisory Board
CPES Governing Board
CPES IAB Leadership
Paul
Peercy
UWM
Tom Lipo
Alan
Cramb
RPI
Richard
Benson
VT
Joseph
Monroe
NCAT
David
Blackburn
Ralph
Cavin
NCAT
Fereshteh
Fatehi
1979
1977
In the
PERG 2nd
beginning… faculty
Dan Chen
UPRM
Efraín O'Neill
Jian Sun
Annette Muetze
1983
1985
3rd VPEC 4th VPEC
faculty
faculty
Vatché Vorperian Bo Cho
Javier
Uceda
1989 1990
2 new VPEC
faculty
1994
7th VPEC
faculty
Ray Ridley Dushan Boroyevich Alex Huang
Beth Tranter
Administrative/Educatio
n Director
Linda Long
Finance
Director
Miguel Velez Manuel Jiménez
Rena Huang
Giri
Venkataramanan
Greg Nellis
Al
Tucker
Bob Lorenz
Marwan Bikdash
Paul Chow
Fred Lee
John
Bob
Kassakian Steigerwald
Teresa Shaw
Industrial Liaison
Carlos Cuadros
Leila Parsa
1998 1999
Daan van
Wyk
2001
New CPES faculty
Fred Wang
2006
Khai Ngo
2008
Ming Xu
Additional CPES-VT Faculty
Guo-Quan Lu
Hardus
Odendaal
Elaine
Scott
Karen Thole
CPES IPEM Approach
10-100 W IPEMs
1-10 kW IPEMs
CPES
Active
IPEM
CPES
Embedded
Power
Phase-Leg
Toshiba
IPM
IR iPOWIRTM
Fairchild
10 kW - 10 MW IPEMs
Philips
1.8 kV, 60 A, 3-level
ZVZCT phase-leg
CPES
4.5 kV,
4 kA
ETO
Siliconix
IR, Philips, On Semi, Intersil,
Linear Tech,TI, Renesas, NSC,
Power One, Infineon, ST, Maxim,
Micrel,Volterra, Primarion,
Fairchild, Analog
CPES
Passive IPEM
ABB, Hitachi, IXYS, Toshiba,
Semikron, Fuji, Infineon,
Eupec, Powerex
ONR, DOE, NSWC, Thales,
Northrop Grumman, Rockwell
Automation, General Dynamics,
ABB, Bettis, Alstom, ACI, PEMCO,
TVA
Fruit Tree for Technology Transfer
50
Guo-Quan Lu Joined CPES
(1998)
Guo-Quan Lu
The nano-scale silver paste was
named one of the 100 top inventions
of 2007 by R&D Magazine
51
Daan Van Wyk Joined CPES
(1999)
Active IPEM
Daan Van Wyk
Passive IPEM
52
Active IPEM for Power Supplies
(1999-2002)
Gen 1
(Wire Bond)
Zhenxian Liang
Gen 2
(Multi-layer
Structure)
Gen 3
(Embedded devices w/
double-sided cooling)
IPEM Based Power Conversion Systems
EMI Filter Active IPEM Passive IPEM
IPEM
Manual Assembly Line
Gen I
Gen II
1.6 X
Power
Density
Automatic Assembly Line
40% labor cost can be reduced
Ming Xu Joined CPES
(2000)
ZVS Current Trippler
Ming Xu
Sigma Converter
55
EMI Reduction Techniques
(2001)
EMI cancellation techniques
based on Network Theory
Shuo Wang
56
Fred Wang Joined CPES
(2002)
Fred Wang
57
Coupled Inductor
(2002)
Pit-Leong Wong
Pit-Leong Wong; Qiaoqiao Wu; Peng Xu; Yang, B.; Lee, F.C., "Investigating coupling inductors in
the interleaving QSW VRM," APEC 2000;
58
DCR Current Sensing
(2002)
Xunwei Zhou
U.S. PATENT: 6,414,469:
“Current sensing and current sharing”
59
LLC Resonant Converter
(2003-2013)
Bo Yang
200kHz
28W/in3
95.5%
Bing Lu
fs↑
1MHz
76W/in3
92.6%
Dianbo Fu
Daocheng Huang
1MHz
800kHz
Improved 96W/in3 Passive 177W/in3
SR
95.8% Integration 96.4%
Daocheng
Huang,
Alex Ji
Chanwit
Prasantanakorn
fs=500kHz, 98%
fs=1MHz, 710 W/in3
95.40%
60
High Density Motor Controller
(2005-2013)
Fred Wang
Rixin Lai
2008
Di Zhang
Puqi Ning
Dong Dong
Ruxi Wang
Handy
Blanchette
Vienna Front-end Rectifier and Three Phase Inverter
2010
2012
Low Temperature Version
(175°C junction)
1.04 kW/lb
High Temperature Version High Temperature Version
(250°C junction)
(250°C junction)
1.17 kW/lb
1.3 kW/lb
61
Khai D. T. Ngo Joined CPES
(2005)
Khai D. T. Ngo
Integration and packaging of power passive
and active components to realize building
blocks for power electronic systems
62
Three Terminal Current Cell Model
(2009-2012)
Jian Li
Equivalent Circuit for Current
Mode control
Yingyi Yan
Three Terminal Current Cell Model
63
Three-Phase AC System Impedance Analyzer
(2010)
Source
Unknown
Source
Impedances
Unknown
Load
Impedances
Phase (deg)
Magnitude (dB)
AC
Impedance
Analyzer
AC Impedances
CPES built the first
Impedance Analyzer
for 3-phase AC system
Generalized Nyquist
Stability Criterion
64
Impedance Analyzer
(2005-2012)
CPES built the first
Impedance Analyzer
for 3-phase AC system
Fred Wang
Igor
Cvetkovic
Rolando
Burgos
Bo Wen
Jerry
Francis
Sara
Ahmed
Marko
Jaksic
Zhiyu
Shen
Bo Zhou
65
3D Integrated POL history
(2007-2013)
Alex Ji
Power
density
2-phase
with GaN
( W/in3 )
1500
1-phase
with GaN
PCB
integration
Yipeng Su
1000
Yan Dong
LTCC coupled
inductor
w/ lateral
flux inductor
700
Qiang Li
500
w/ EPC’s GaN
David Reusch David Gilham
300
100
Michele Lim
Arthur Ball
1A
10A
20A
30A
40A
66