the bullitt foundation

Transcription

THE BULLITT FOUNDATION
response to request for qualifications
26 January 2009
ZIMMER GUNSUL FRASCA ARCHITECTS LLP
925 Fourth Avenue, Suite 2400, Seattle, WA 98104 | P. 206.623.9414 | F. 206.623.7868 | www.zgf.com
a. Cover Letter
January 26, 2009
Mr. Chris Rogers
Point32
[email protected]
Reference:
Request for Qualifications – Project Architect
The Bullitt Foundation Building
1501 East Madison Street, Seattle, WA
Dear Chris and Members of the Selection Committee:
The character of the Northwest is borne out of our embrace of the natural environment and the desire to build strong and vital
communities. Occasions to be involved in such significant and groundbreaking projects as the Bullitt Foundation Building—that
reflect the values and the highest aspirations of our own region—are rare. We are excited and honored to be considered as a
partner for this watershed opportunity.
With our roots in this region, ZGF strongly identifies with and shares many of the values of the Bullitt Foundation. Our purpose
and design approach are centered on partnership and stewardship—of the environment, people and place. Our desire is to
meet the diverse needs of our clients while striving for beauty and positive change. We bring no stylistic preconceptions;
each project is one where our client’s goals, values and resources inform the design with specific attention to the distinctive
character of the site, environment, image, and long-term flexibility.
It is increasingly clear we have reached a tipping point in the US where the escalating costs and environmental impacts of
energy production intersect with the development of more sustainable building systems and technologies. With LEED now
the industry standard, attention is being turned to new performance metrics and towards more difficult and comprehensive
sustainable building challenges. With our depth of resources, focus on research and the real-world application of sustainable
technologies, we will work with you to strategize investment and ensure an elegant, high-performance solution. The new
headquarters for the Bullitt Foundation will be an educational tool and a demonstrative inspiration for the next generation of
sustainable architecture.
We enjoyed our recent dialogue with you and look forward to discussing the project in further detail.
Sincerely,
Allyn Stellmacher, AIA, LEED-AP
John Breshears, AIA, EI, LEED-AP
Partner
Principal
925 Fourth Avenue, Suite 2400, Seattle, WA 98104 | P. 206.623.9414 | F. 206.623.7868 | www.zgf.com
b. Firm Introduction
Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architects (ZGF) LLP is an award-winning
architectural, planning, and interior design firm. With 500
professionals, our portfolio of work features both public and private
projects, and includes academic facilities, commercial developments,
corporate campuses, healthcare facilities, research buildings, airports,
civic centers, regional transportation systems, and museums.
We are dedicated to design that respects the existing local and
regional context; maximizes user relationships with space and function;
and reflects the intrinsic values of the people that inhabit them and
the institutions they represent. This dedication to design excellence
at every level has resulted in a nationally recognized reputation for
creativity and quality, as evidenced by more than 400 national,
regional, and local awards for design excellence.
Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architects is a Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP) and is managed by 15 partners and 41 principals with offices in
Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles, New York and Washington D.C.
US EPA Region 8 Headquarters
Sustainable Design
From building siting and orientation, to high-performance envelope
and mechanical systems, sustainable strategies have always made
good design sense. For nearly three decades we have sought,
developed and applied innovations in sustainable design; creatively
and judiciously approached building material selection; and
integrated new and efficient building and infrastructure systems, all
in an effort to create places for people and activities that use fewer
critical resources and minimize environmental impact. As a result
we were early adopters of LEED on multiple levels—as designers
of the first LEED Platinum certified laboratory in the United States;
leaders in piloting LEED-CI, LEED-ND, LEED-EB; and contributors
for the development of LEED-NC standards. And as members of the
Board of the Cascadia Green Building Council we are now paving
the way in the use of new metrics, and standards that include the
Living Building Challenge.
ZGF SUSTAINABILITY FIRSTS: A BRIEF HISTORY
Department of Energy Solar Demonstration Group for Active Solar
System Multnomah County Operations and Maintenance Facility, 1981
U.S. General Services Administration National Prototype for EnergyEfficient Federal Office Buildings Bonneville Power Administration
Headquarters, 1987
Largest Green Roof in North America (at time of completion)
Conference Center for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
2000
First LEED Platinum-Certified Laboratory Building
Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management,
University of California-Santa Barbara, 2002
First Portland Lab Building to Meet the AIA 2030 Challenge for
Carbon Emissions Portland State University Northwest Center for
Engineering, Science and Technology, 2006
Dedication to Research
Research is also fundamental to our approach. We work diligently
to stay at the forefront of the industry, monitoring performance
data, and working collaboratively with industry and academic
organizations dedicated to the advancement of sustainable
technologies. We are members of the Center for the Built
Environment (CBE) at UC Berkeley; serve on the Industry Advisory
Council for research efforts at the Windows and Daylighting Group
at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory; and have collaborated with global
experts in aeronautics, low-impact health care, and stormwater
management; continually contribute to new research initiatives;
and have presented our findings at major conferences and speaking
engagements throughout the country.
First Architect Magazine R&D Award for an Atrium Daylight Control
System U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8 Headquarters,
2006
First Net-Zero (Carbon-and Water-Neutral) Research Facility
Designed for and with the First People Ever to Sequence the Human
Genome
J. Craig Venter Institute, ongoing
First Green Roof in Denver to be Admitted as a Stormwater
Management System Joint Pilot Project U.S. EPA, ZGF, City and County
of Denver, Colorado State University, Denver Botanical Gardens, 2006
60 Completed and Certified LEED Buildings, Including Three Pilot
Projects (LEED-CI, ZGF Seattle office; LEED-EB, Joseph Vance Building;
Leed-ND, The Eliot; 2002 - present)
c. Process & Approach
Introduction
ZGF’s approach is based on proactive management of the design
and construction process—budget, schedule and quality—combined
with an understanding that open communication, active participation
by a committed team, and focus on your expressed project goals are
critical to achieving something truly special.
The success of any project is determined largely by the quality of
the approach undertaken in the early design process. By virtue of
your aspirations, the Bullitt Foundation project invites us all to move
beyond the usual in order to set a new benchmark for what can be
achieved within the built environment. This approach will involve
collaboration across a wide range of disciplines, taking advantage
of a depth of expertise and interest in this project. Our role in the
design process is one of leadership and synthesis. We are most
challenged—and working at our best —when we can embrace the
widest possible spectrum of attendant issues in order to spot the
opportunities to weave solutions into an integrated and elegant
whole. The key is a broad and integrated investigation—one which
carries no preconceptions, and looks to the optimization of value
against performance as the primary measure of success. Clear
goal setting will be essential to the success of the project. Our
understanding of your aspirations will guide the design, analysis, and
decision-making process.
Breadth and Depth
Along with a broad, investigative approach, our team brings a depth
of pragmatic knowledge regarding what is required to transform
ground-breaking ‘firsts’ into built reality. Realization of conceptual
goals through rigorous research and analysis is a hallmark of the ZGF
approach. We understand that conception of great ideas and strategies
is not a product in and of itself. Rather, we believe our built work bears
out the assertion that our ingenuity in conceiving high performance,
integrated concepts is matched by our technical skill and finesse in
coaxing these concepts into real, high performance buildings.
As a performance-metric rather than a set of prescriptions, the Living
Building Challenge (LBC) presents a particularly exciting opportunity to
work in a collaborative and deliberately opportunistic fashion. Beyond
stringent efficiency metrics, the LBC fundamentally links performance
to the aesthetic goals that we believe are so necessary to creating
an outstanding building. During years of service on the Board of the
Cascadia Green Building Council, ZGF has helped to nurture the
growth first of LEED and now of the Living Building Challenge. While
each of the ‘petals’ presents its unique requirements, we recognize the
particularly difficult challenges of achieving net-zero energy, water, and
stormwater goals on a constrained urban site in Capitol Hill. Many
of our projects to date have incorporated some of the facets of this
Challenge, but we have yet to embody all of them into a single project.
We want to accomplish this with you.
As a part of this pragmatic expertise, we bring to bear a thorough
knowledge of building codes and life safety concerns. A significant
amount of investigation and documentation of code issues with
respect to the Living Building Challenge has been completed, and we
bring to that our extensive experience in reviewing, updating, and
interpreting codes for high performance building applications across
the nation. We understand and respect the complexities of public
agencies, research specialists, product manufacturers, and myriad
other participants whose input and cooperation is vital to the success
of the project. This perspective enables us to foster an atmosphere
of mutual respect in service to the project to develop real, buildable
solutions in the face of apparent obstacles.
We know there is no single ‘silver bullet’ that can achieve all the
desired performance goals for this project. We historically have not
been given to hyperbole in discussing and considering innovative
ideas. Instead, we have sought to understand, evaluate, and
implement measures that perform to their fullest potential and then
to consider them in light of their contribution to the greater whole.
Integrated Approach
This project will require all participants—you, the design team, the
contractor—to adopt an integrated approach and look critically
at current design and construction practices. Together, through a
series of deliberate and thorough investigations that encompass
site, climate, program, architecture and building systems, we will
examine and re-examine ideas and strategies in pursuit of the best
opportunities. Through this process, we will collectively venture
where we may not have previously. To this end, the team dynamics
should be cast in terms of absolute conviction, collaboration and
accountability in order to realize together what may have not been
individually thought achievable.
12th + Washington
Analysis of the experimentally
predicted wind shear planes
for each of the two seasonally
dominant wind directions. Proposed
wind turbines are required to be
above these surfaces to maximize
production and minimize exposure
to turbulence.
Leadership
We are very experienced in organizing and leading a design process
for complex projects which requires a clear path, milestone decision
points, and the marshalling of progress on a fixed schedule. We
understand that decision-making needs to be supported by clear
and appropriate information. In this case, where differing options
of highly interdependent integrated solutions may resist a simple
“apples-to-apples” comparison, we will communicate the broad
implications of each option as they ripple through all design and
construction disciplines. Decision making will be informed by the
tempered evaluation of measurable criteria.
That said, we also feel its necessary that the process allow for key leaders
to make judgment calls based on experience and intangible objectives.
We firmly believe that analysis and keen intuition are opposite sides of a
refined integrated design process, and that aesthetics and performance
are inextricably linked. In the end we are stewards of an integrated
process from which beauty emerges.
Some visual characteristics of the Bullitt site at 1501 East Madison Street
Project Documentation
2) The site
As a piece of the urban fabric, a literal foundation for the project, and
a connection to nature and resources on and below grade, the project
site is rich in opportunities, including natural resources above and
below the earth, and the surrounding urban context.
Equally essential to moving this process forward is the clear
and graphic documentation of design options to meet decision
milestones. Decisions required for success in this endeavor need to
be well-supported by clarity in representation of the complex issues
under investigation. A thorough documentation process will provide
a roadmap for the issues that we have covered as a team and serve
as a guide for other project teams interested in emulating the high
aspirations of this project.
3) The climate
The extremes and averages of diurnal and seasonal weather patterns
will determine to what extent the building will need to act as a
moderator between exterior and interior, and how much energy and
water we can expect to collect on site.
Program and Site Analysis
Before any architecture begins to emerge, we will conduct
considerable due diligence on the program and site. Our
integrated, broad approach requires a thorough grasp of a project’s
unique characteristics so that, like pieces of a puzzle, they can be
arranged and rearranged in an iterative and evaluative process to
spot opportunities for the most elegant and integrated solutions.
Specifically, we want to understand:
Whole Building Performance
Form, massing, and exposure to climatic forces all provide
opportunities and determine the energy performance of the
During the investigation of program and site we will ask
a lot of questions:
Community
How the parcel relates to the greater urban context
1) The program
As it is anticipated in both the short- and long-term, the
programmatic elements will establish demands on and opportunities
for the building’s performance. The skillful configuration of these
elements to maintain flexibility, meet spatial needs and maximize
resource efficiency is a primary challenge. Energy programming
is a technique to investigate resource optimization by configuring
programmatic elements so that they maximize passive opportunities
(like daylight and natural ventilation), while optimizing synergies
(such as recycling, water and waste heat). We are aware that
some of the program decisions will be made in conjunction with
equity partners who may not yet be on board, but we will explore
assumptions with you to account for program flexibility in both the
short and long term.
What are the local conditions—neighbors, infrastructure, traffic
What is the water and heat storage/extraction capacity of the ground
Local Climate
What are the patterns of light, sun, wind, rain and other local
resources, both typical and peak conditions
Program and Occupants
Who are the occupants and how will they use the building
When will the building be in use and can the occupant schedule can
be modified
How the program elements can be configured for best function
How typical buildings with similar programs use energy for heating,
cooling, lighting, ventilation and other significant uses
How program elements can be configured to optimize access to
natural and recovered/recycled resources
building—both resource supply and demand. Consequently, ideas,
options and alternatives will be considered on a whole-building basis.
Rather than simply additive—layering on additional technologies—
our integrated approach trends toward the “reductive” (or optimized)
where every system and component serves multiple purposes so that
the whole is truly greater than the sum of its parts.
access from two sides of each floor plate via a central atrium.
Extensive study of the local conditions resulted in a daylight “family
of solutions” which were tailored to each of the four primary building
exposures. At the UC San Diego School of Medicine, we are
currently collaborating with experts at the University of Washington’s
Daylighting Lab and the Windows and Daylighting Group at
Lawrence Berkeley Labs to develop a fully daylit autonomous
laboratory with particularly challenging east-and west-exposures.
Equipped with these insights, our iterative analysis and design
process is broadly guided by four questions. Ironically, the sequential
nature of these questions seems to belie the iterative and non-linear
process necessary to uncover and produce truly integrated solutions;
however, as the design progresses, we revisit and hone these
questions and the tools we use to answer them become increasingly
sophisticated as the design develops.
Ventilating without fan power is another clear opportunity for
performance. Passive and low energy means of affecting the
buoyancy of air can often drive sufficient air movement, particularly
if care is taken to minimize the building cooling loads. Our work
reflects various examples of this approach: at NREL, for example, a
series of south-facing solar chimneys heat the air and cause it to rise;
at the Conrad Hilton Foundation, evaporation is used to increase
air density, causing it to descend through chimneys and into the
building. The low pressure drop pathways necessary for controlled
passive air movement, however, can require considerable space and
must be intimately bound to the overall form of the building.
1) Form and Massing: How can we affect the building performance
simply by its shape?
For each architectural concept, we quickly analyze its relative merits
in terms of heating and cooling requirements, daylight potential,
construction costs, program efficiency, ventilation, and potential for
collection and storage of energy and water. Tools like Ecotect are
particularly valuable early on; later, more specific tools like Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory’s COMFEN, an envelope optimization tool for
which ZGF is a beta-tester, are more appropriate.
3) Active Systems: How efficiently can we meet the remaining
building loads?
Opportunities can be found to leverage a small amount of energy
to achieve a larger overall effect. In the case of two recently
completed academic buildings we were able to use a small amount
of electrical power to tap into the vast reservoirs of thermal energy
available in groundwater. At the Morken Center at Pacific Lutheran
University we looked beyond the typical series of packaged rooftop
air conditioning units and seized the opportunity to maximize the
amenity of an adjacent campus quadrangle by sinking a series of
closed-loop coolant wells beneath it.
2) Passive Systems: How can we use the natural environment to
reduce some of the building loads?
Capturing daylight to offset the need for electric lighting is an
obvious, though deceptively complicated, opportunity. The challenge
is to maintain reasonable continuity of daylight distribution and visual
comfort in the face of enormously varying diurnal sky conditions,
while not increasing overall energy use through excessive heat
transfer through the glazing.
Another example of our integrated approach is Portland State
University’s Northwest School of Engineering. Although it is located
on a tight urban site with no available space for a closed-loop well
field, a single pre-existing disused well provided an opportunity.
With the addition of a second well we created an open ground water
loop. Water emanating from an aquifer via the original 200’ deep
well, is drawn through a heat exchanger before being re-injected into
a deeper aquifer via the new 700’ deep well. Not only is the entire
cooling load for the lab building met by this system, but the more
heavily sedimented deep aquifer is being diluted in the process to
improve the overall quality of the City of Portland’s water table.
A naturally lit building interior needs to be conceived as a gigantic
light fixture itself. The Region 8 Headquarters for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency in Denver provides daylight
Efficient systems for delivering conditioning are also necessarily
intertwined with other aspects of the project. The contribution of the
radiant component to occupant thermal comfort, the dramatically
higher efficiency of transporting heat hydronically instead of via
air, and the lower pressure and supply temperature advantages of
an underfloor air system all present opportunities. To be effective,
however, the architecture needs to be tailored to limitations such
as system capacity, distribution distance, and response times.
EPA Region 8 Headquarters: An early study comparing the relative
performance of various massing options against the projected thermal loads
and access to daylight. The atrium form was shown to provide the best balance
between maximizing light and minimizing conditioning energy.
Far from a formulaic approach, we find these solutions are highly
individualized and specific to each situation. The ideal situation
typically becomes apparent only after numerous circumstances,
constraints, and requirements are superimposed and the solution
proposed can be recognized as a true opportunity.
net-zero metrics for energy and water are inherently place and sitebased, since they are predicated on how much water and energy
can be collected on site. So while replicability is a laudable goal,
we suspect that in the end the project will not be “replicable” in
the simplest sense of a prototype that could be copied or placed
anywhere in the world. Instead, we might imagine that the project in
its totality represents a case study, where specific elements, be they
financial, material, technical, or design oriented, can be developed,
studied, documented, and disseminated as applicable. One area in
which the project can make a huge difference for future projects with
similar aspirations is in identifying and surmounting code barriers to
net-zero strategies (like handling blackwater on site).
4) Energy Generation: How much of the remaining energy demand
can we generate on-site?
In the case of a Living Building Challenge, the response to this
question must be ‘all of it.’ The potential technologies and their
generating capacity are factors that need to be considered in the
earliest stages of design; indeed, working backwards from this limit is
a parallel approach that will inform and motivate the need to reduce
loads. On-site electrical generation is roughly ten times the cost of
on-site energy conservation, according to engineers at the National
renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The impacts of architecture
and systems on building performance and generating capacity
become more critical when viewed through this lens.
Although not directly addressed by the Living Building Challenge, the
ability of a building to adapt and remain useful over a long period of
time, instead of falling into obsolescence and requiring replacement,
factors heavily into its overall life cycle impacts. By understanding
and anticipating inevitable programmatic change, we will create a
building that maintains spatial flexibility to accommodate different
uses, market viability by virtue of its lease depths and rentable areas,
and state of the art performance over time through systems that can
be upgraded as technology evolves. That said—depending on owner,
program, and location—some consideration of building end-of-life
decommissioning is also warranted and should be considered.
Through our experience with on-site renewable systems—including
solar thermal, solar electric, and wind—we have developed methods
and tools appropriate for the different stages of design that predict
output and can maximize the generation potential of a particular
project. For the 12th + Washington mixed-use building in Portland,
we proceeded from conceptual studies of wind turbines to simple
calculators that estimate electricity production. Simultaneously,
we identified sources of funding that would cover the cost and
installation of the turbines. As the concept proved feasible, we
worked with various aeronautical experts (including Aerovironment),
employing wind tunnel studies to understand and visualize the
complex wind behavior over and around the site. We addressed
concomitant issues of structural vibration, noise, and the durability of
the turbines. As a result of this rigorous approach, production of the
array of building-integrated wind turbines has been maximized to a
predicted 12,000 kWh per year. This endeavor was undertaken with
the intention of furthering the general body of knowledge more than
as a substantial source of generation. The National Wind Technology
center has cited this work as a significant step in the advancement of
building-integrated wind turbine applications.
Beauty, Inspiration and On-going Operations
The outcome of this entire process will be a building whose
beauty and inspiration is borne of your goals. It will be a building
whose appearance is a direct result of its performance, and vice
versa—a project whose beauty is the result of, but not subjugated
by or secondary to, the process of its invention. We anticipate the
discovery of unexpected results, the priority of performance in all
areas of concern, and a result that belies current preconceptions.
The process itself will set a new standard/model for design and
construction in the Northwest and beyond.
Successful building occupancy and operation will no doubt require
some education and participation on the part of both the occupants
Planning for the Future of the Building
Understanding the long term needs and impacts of the Bullitt
Foundation project is perhaps the largest single step to minimizing
its environmental footprint and maximizing its impact on our
building culture.
We understand your desire that the project be replicable, and will
strive toward this goal. However, at the same time, we also recognize
that this leading edge project with its ambitious environmental goals
will require tough choices to be made in materials, process, and
environmental standards, between the typical and legal (sanctioned
by local code and applicable standards), and the experimental
and specific (demanded by the Living Building Challenge). Indeed
Public displays (dashboards) of building performance can help inform
the benefits and market acceptance for sustainable features and provide
direct feedback to help modify occupant behavior.
and the owner(s). High-performance, passive buildings undeniably
require active occupants, an idea that has been largely driven from
our cultural mind set in recent decades. Similar to a voyage across
the ocean that can be completed on either a sailboat or a luxury
yacht—requiring dramatically different levels of engagement,
participation and resource consumption—this project’s success will
depend on the navigational skill and willingness of its users. We
will work with you through the design and construction process to
develop an operational guide for the building and closely monitor
actual building performance so the building operates as intended.
Grants and Funding
Measurement and verification of systems, sub-metering, and
monitoring of ongoing resource consumption will be required to
document how the building actually performs, to “trim the sails”
accordingly in order to optimize operation, and to meet the Living
Building Challenge 12 month performance period audit. ZGF has
made a habit of collecting post-occupancy data—performance,
occupant behavior, and operational issues—for completed
projects. Together with the Center for the Built Environment at UC
Berkeley, we regularly survey occupants to learn their reactions and
preferences to our completed buildings, using powerful analytical
tools for assessing thermal comfort, and fully investigating the
performance of experimental systems.
The incorporation of sustainable design, high performance goals
and advanced technical elements creates opportunities to capitalize
on special funding and grant programs that support environmental,
educational, or green design initiatives. On numerous projects we
have identified such opportunities; helped to draft applications,
graphic materials, and text in support of grant funding initiatives;
and worked closely with local, state and federal utility programs
to take advantage of incentive programs for using energy efficient
technology.
For the Ethos Multi-cultural Music Center Project and Oregon State
University College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Earth
System Science Center, ZGF assisted our clients in obtaining funding
from the Kresge Foundation—a program that rewards projects
pursuing Platinum LEED Certification. More recently, ZGF enrolled
the Li Ka-Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences Center
at the University of California Berkeley in Pacific Gas & Electric’s
(PGE) “Savings by Design” program. The program is funded by local
utilities in California and offers capital cost and design fee incentives
for projects that exceed certain energy efficiency metrics. The capital
incentive maximum had been set at $150,000 per project. PGE was
so impressed with the team’s aggressive and methodical approach to
creating the highest performing building possible that they raised the
incentive—for the first time ever—to $500,000. The full cost of the
building integrated wind turbine equipment and installation is being
funded through grants from the Oregon Department of Energy and
the Energy Trust of Oregon.
Percent of Occupants Satisfied
Post-occupancy surveys of completed ZGF
buildings have been administered through the
Center for the Built Environment at UC Berkeley.
Occupant satisfaction scores for air and acoustical
quality, thermal comfort, lighting, office layout and
overall building performance far exceed typical
benchmarks, as shown in the graph above.
d. Team
The team we have assembled for the Bullitt Foundation Building
combines specialized expertise in project management, planning,
and design. Our key project leadership team is composed of
Allyn Stellmacher as Partner-in-Charge and Lead Designer; John
Breshears, Lead Technical Designer; Tim Williams, Project Manager;
John Chau, Principal Designer; and Chris Chatto, Project Architect.
Allyn and John work together to develop a design that balances
aesthetics with performance; Tim manages the process and project
resources with an eye towards key milestones, decision points,
and budget; John Chau’s experience with mixed-use, retail and
commercial buildings promotes seamless connectivity between
context, building and use; and Chris’s knowledge of integrated
passive strategies and energy systems convert performance
objectives into tangible solutions. This core team is supported by
the full resources of our Seattle office and supplemented by the
complete resources of the firm.
ALLYN STELLMACHER, AIA, LEED-AP, PARTNER
Partner-in-Charge/Lead Designer
As Lead Designer, Allyn will work closely with The Bullitt Foundation, Point32 and your partners to
ensure functional and operational goals are met within budget parameters, that building aesthetics are
integrated with performance criteria, and that design solutions reflect the appropriate image for The Bullitt
Foundation and the surrounding community. Working closely with you and the design team, Allyn will
set design direction through a collaborative process. He is noted for his ability to quickly synthesize core
programmatic elements, performance criteria, and design aspirations into a singular expression. Allyn
has played a significant role in many of the firm’s most significant and sustainable projects including the
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, which has had an ongoing commitment to energy reduction
and resource preservation, and the new 5th & Columbia Tower in downtown Seattle which led to the
preservation of the historic First United Methodist Church. He is also a LEED-Accredited Professional.
Select Work Experience:
Fifth + Columbia, Seattle, WA
First United Methodist Church Preservation, Seattle, WA
Fourth & Madison, Seattle, WA
Millennium Tower, Seattle, WA
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle, WA
U.S. Department of Energy William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA
National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center,
Bethesda, MD
Ronald Reagan Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse, Santa Ana, CA
University of Alaska Anchorage, Integrated Science Building, Anchorage, AK
Molecular Integrated Engineering Building, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA
Nintendo of America Headquarters Building, Redmond, WA
“Sustainability begins with
preservation.” - Kevin Daniels,
Iowa State University Biorenewables Complex, Ames, IA
Washington State University, Plant Biosciences Building, Pullman, WA
Daniels Development, about
the tower’s respect for its
historic neighbors.
Duke University, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine and
Applied Sciences, Durham, NC
5th + Columbia and First United Methodist Church
St. Anthony’s Hospital, Gig Harbor, WA
University of North Carolina Hospitals, UNC Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC
Oregon Health & Science University, Doernbecher Children’s Hospital,
Portland, OR
JOHN BRESHEARS, AIA, EI, LEED-AP, PRINCIPAL
Lead Technical Designer
“A Combined Theoretical and
Experimental Investigation Into Heat
and Moisture Transfer Through a Vapor
Permeable Membrane,” with K.O.
Suen and D.A. Parpairis, Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University
College London, United Kingdom
John Breshears is both an architect and an engineer. He brings a unique perspective to each design
challenge, helping to develop simple, innovative systems that optimize performance as well as aesthetic
aspirations. As Lead Technical Designer he will work closely with you and the design team to resolve
technical and design issues through original engineering solutions and the creative use of materials,
technology and design techniques. John specializes in the research and implementation of key strategies
for sustainable and environmentally responsible buildings and is experienced with the Living Building
Challenge. He has conducted extensive research and development of non-traditional solutions to
architectural problems—in particular energy efficiency, modeling and bio-mimetic design. He was awarded
the Peter Rice Prize by Ove Arup + Partners resulting in development of a curtain wall system based on
the principles of the human lung. His grasp of the academic and the practical also allows him to quickly
translate complex systems and performance objectives into real solutions.
“Der Buffel und der Vogel,” (Arch +,
1994)
Tools and Technology, Body and World,
The Structurally Dynamic Pedestrian
Bridge, (Architecture at Rice No. 32 ,
Rice University of Architecture, 1993)
Interview on Bio-mimetic Engineering,
“The Afternoon Shift,” (BBC Radio 4, 1996)
“Bio-mimetic Engineering:
Reconfronting the Organic Metaphor,”
Exhibition of work by John Breshears
and others at Interbuild ‘95, November
11-25, 1995, Birmingham, UK
US Patent No. 6,178,996 - Heat and
Moisture Apparatus for Architectural
Applications
German Patent - Wärmeund Feuchtigkeitstauscher fur
Architekturanwendungen
French Patent - Echangeur de Chaleur et
d’Huidite S’Integrant a L’Architecture
University of Oregon Living Learning Center
12th + Washington Mixed Use Building, Portland, OR
Clif Bar Headquarters, Alameda, CA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8 Headquarters,
Denver, CO
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Research Support
Facility, Golden, CO
Caterpillar Visitor Center, Peoria, IL
Port of Portland Headquarters Office Building and Parking
Garage, Phase I, Portland, OR
Block 37 Condominium (Conceptual Design), Portland, OR
Centennial Mills Mixed-Use Redevelopment, Portland, OR
Epic Systems Corporation Verona Campus, Phase I, Verona, WI
Gibbs Pedestrian Bridge, Portland, OR
Iowa State University, Biorenewables Complex, Ames, IA
Port of Portland Headquarters
Oregon State University, Earth Systems Science Center PreDesign Study, Corvallis, OR
Peoria Riverfront Museum, Peoria, IL
Portland State University, School of Business Administration
Portland, OR
Stanford Institutes of Medicine Lokey Stem Cell Research
Building, Stanford, CA
University of California, Berkeley, Li Ka-Shing Center for
Biomedical and Health Sciences, Berkeley, CA
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine
Biomedical Research Facility Unit 2, La Jolla, CA
University of Oregon Academic Learning Center, Eugene, OR
University of Oregon, Living Learning Center, Eugene, OR
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Reidbord Building
Research Labs, Pittsburgh, PA
US EPA Region 8 Headquarters
TIM WILLIAMS, LEED-AP, ASSOCIATE PARTNER
Project Manager
“Energy Savings Strategies for
Laboratory Buildings, Tradeline, 2009
“Master Planning for a Carbon Neutral
Campus, SCUP, 2009
“Master Planning for a Sustainable
Education Community,” AASHE, 2008
As Project Manager, Tim will provide the day-to-day communication link between The Bullitt Foundation,
Point32, the design team and the contractor. He will manage the day-to-day efforts of the team, work with you
to develop the project work plan, and ensure adherence to budget and schedule parameters. Tim brings over
15 years of professional experience across a wide range of diverse project types and services including
master planning, programming, project management, quality control/quality assurance, and construction
administration. His familiarity with the objectives of the Living Building Challenge, ability to build broad
stakeholder consensus and develop action-oriented plans for accomplishing set goals will drive the
team’s process, make the best use of all available resources, and keep the project on budget and on
schedule. Having led all phases of design and construction, Tim excels in building consensus among
divergent stakeholder groups, monitoring project goals throughout multi-phased project processes,
and adjusting delivery to meet budget and schedule needs as they develop. Tim is a LEED Accredited
professional.
Evergreen State
College Masterplan
“Sustainability and the Facilities Master
Plan,” 17th Annual Conference of the
Environmental Education Association of
Washington, 2007
“Sustainable Considerations: How
to Give Attention to Sustainability
Practices that are Cost Effective over
the Long Term,” 17th Annual Conference
of the Environmental Education
Association of Washington, 2007
University of Washington, Business School, Seattle, WA
“Programming Insights into the Planning
Process,” Project Kaleidoscope, 2007
The Evergreen State College Campus Master Plan,
Sustainable Design Provides Numerous
Educational Opportunities—Building
Curriculum around the Physical Plan
(Puget Sound Business Journal, 2007)
The Lakeside School Athletic Center Renovation and
Addition, Seattle, WA
University of Washington Molecular, Engineering
Interdisciplinary Academic Building, Seattle, WA
University of Washington, Paul G. Allen Center for
Computer Science & Engineering, Seattle, WA
King Street Station Renovation, Seattle, WA
Nintendo of America Headquarters, Redmond, WA
Olympia, WA
Everett Community College, Arts and Sciences
Building, Everett, WA
Tim led a comprehensive master planning process to help Evergreen
State College achieve their commitment to being carbon and waste
neutral by 2020.
JOHN CHAU, AIA, LEED-AP, PRINCIPAL
Principal Designer
John will serve as Principal Designer, working closely with Allyn and the team to ensure that the facility
meets expressed functional and operational goals; seamlessly integrates multiple uses such as retail, office
and residential; and that the design reflects the appropriate image for the Bullitt Foundation and your
partners. He will also be responsible for working the team to incorporate highly sustainable materials and
systems into the overall design. With over 16 years of design experience John has the unique ability to
integrate the complex and distinctive nature of each project with the essential characteristics of its locale.
He applies his expertise in developing concept schemes to both urban design and architectural projects,
and brings innovative and simple solutions to complex design challenges. John is a LEED-Accredited
Professional.
Kitsap Conference Center at Bremerton Harborside, Bremerton, WA
Frank Russell First Impressions, Tacoma, WA
Carmen’s Garden (high-rise residential), Kowloon, Hong Kong
North Lot Mixed Use Projects, Seattle, WA
Zhong Hai Court (high-rise residential), Guang Zhou, China
Hines Tower 333, Bellevue, WA
Benaroya Hall, Seattle, WA
Iowa State University Biorenewables Complex, Ames, IA
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Science Laboratory Building,
2000 Third Avenue Mixed-Use Development, Seattle, WA
New Whatcom Redevelopment Project, Bellingham, WA
Vancouver Convention Centre Expansion, Vancouver, BC
10
Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3 Academic Building
Renovation, Hong Kong
CHRISTOPHER FLINT CHATTO, LEED-AP
Project Architect
Designing the Next Sustainable
Buildings (Sustainable Industries
Journal, 2007)
Configuring Structural Systems to
Improve the Opportunity for Daylighting
in Multi-Story Buildings in the Pacific
Northwest (Spring 2007)
Ecological Design Education Survey
Report 2006-2007 (Alliance for
Ecological Design Education, 2007)
As Project Architect, Chris will be responsible for coordination of building systems, technical detailing,
document production, and construction administration oversight. Chris has a depth of expertise on large
projects for both public and private sector clients focusing on optimizing building efficiencies through
energy and daylighting studies in early project development to tracking the actual performance of
completed projects. Chris will work with you and the design team to ensure the successful incorporation of
sustainable features into the building. He will also be responsible for assembling construction documents
and documentation for LEED certification and Living Building Challenge performance audit. Specializing
in energy use and environmental studies, he is responsible for researching and facilitating the design of
efficient and healthy buildings through the innovative use of materials, technology, and design techniques,
the results of which have been presented at numerous conferences, lectures and seminars throughout
the country. He has led numerous project teams through the eco-charrette process, translating technical
performance goals into tangible strategies. He was founding chair of the Seattle Emerging Green Builders
and is active on educational and advocacy issues for the Seattle AIA Committee on the Environment
(COTE).
The Synergistic Benefits of Integrated
Design: A Classroom Prototype for
the Pacific Northwest (American Solar
Energy Society, 2006)
A Comparison of Simulations, Physical
Models, and a Full-scale Prototype in
Predicting Daylighting Performance of a
Complex Space (American Solar Energy
Society, 2006)
Microsoft Buildings 81 and 83, Redmond, WA
The Economy of Structure and the
Structure of Economy (Connector,
Spring 2006)
King County Chinook Office Building, Seattle, WA
Paper Water: Planning Decisions Often
Based on Unreliable Information (Santa
Barbara New Press, May 2001)
Unmet Transit Needs in Santa Barbara
County (Coalition for Sustainable
Transportation of Santa Barbara County
(COAST), March 2000)
Microsoft Building 111, Redmond, WA
University of Washington Molecular, Engineering
Interdisciplinary Academic Building, Seattle, WA
University of Minnesota Physics and Nanotechnology Building,
Seattle, WA
Port Townsend Hastings Building, Port Townsend, WA
Providence Everett Acute Care Tower, Everett, WA
The University of Texas at Arlington, Engineering Science and
Research Building, Arlington, TX
Nintendo of America
Headquarters
Living and Learning: The Parade
of Green Buildings (Santa Barbara
Independent, October 2000)
“You’re green? Then show us the data”:
Evaluating the Benchmarking of Building
Energy Performance (Living Future
Conference, 2009)
It’s Not Easy Being Green, Western
States Surety Conference, 2008
Counting Carbon Workshop, AIA
Seattle, 2008
Sustainability . . . on FIRE! Firestop
Contractors International Association
(FCIA), Spring Conference, 2008
Studio Plus (Design Integration
Class) Research Faculty & Instructor,
University of Oregon, 2004-2005
11
Soka University of America, new Performing Arts Center and
Associated Academic Facilities Seattle, WA
Eugene City Hall, Eugene, OR
Novelty Hill Winery, Woodinville, WA
McCraken Building, Eugene, OR
Mt. Angel Academic Center, Salem, OR
e. Relevant Project Experience
Awards
Federal Energy Saver Showcase
Award, Department of Energy
Green Development Award, National
Association of Industrial and Office
Properties
R+D Award, ARCHITECT Magazine
Urban & Sustainable Design
Limelight Award, Lower Downtown
(Lodo) District
National Merit Award, Design Build
Institute of America
American Architecture Award, The
Chicago Athenaeum: Museum of
Architecture and Design
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 8 Headquarters
In response to the EPA’s mission to “protect the public’s health and
safeguard the natural environment in which we live, learn and work,”
the Region 8 Headquarters was designed to be environmentally
responsive in both construction and operation. Located on a
brownfield site, in an historic urban neighborhood with excellent
access to public transportation, walkways and bike paths, the design
responds to Denver’s varied climate conditions and creates an
optimal work environment that accommodates current and future
needs. As a federal “build-to-lease” procurement, the project was
financed by a private developer with a fixed-lease rate agreed prior
to the start of design. This fiscal constraint combined with the
stringent environmental performance goals and federal security
protocols required careful evaluation and optimization of all possible
performance-enhancing strategies.
Denver, Colorado
Proposed building systems and performance goals emerged out of
an integrated approach involving regular design workshops with EPA
representatives, the developer, contractor and design team. Meetings
addressed environmental performance, building form, orientation,
massing and structural solutions, and other related aspects, to
determine the best possible use of available construction and
operational resources over the life cycle of the building. The building is
Energy Star Compliant and LEED Gold certified.
The building’s form and performance are truly integrated; the
individual elements and systems cannot be presented independently
of the whole. Some notable aspects of this synthesis include:
Form / Space / Environment
The fundamental building form was synthesized in response to
climatic forces, urban context, landscape, and user considerations.
An atrium was proposed as a means to create a “living room” for
the EPA community, as well as to provide a narrow floor plate with
daylight available from two sides. Analysis of local climatic conditions
and the local street grid orientation—almost exactly 45 degrees off
the cardinal compass directions—lead to a further refinement of the
atrium into two L-shaped wings: a southeast/southwest-facing “L”
with solar orientation, and a northeast/northwest-facing “L” that
addresses the prevailing winds on the site. The double-“L” form
anchors the building to its location and community. The break point
between the “L”s to the west accommodates conference areas with
stunning views of the Rockies, while the eastern opening forms the
main entrance to the building directly opposite Denver Union Plaza.
The fundamental organization of the building encloses a central atrium with
two ‘L’-shaped wings; an eight-story ‘L’ that takes the incident solar radiation and provides a roof garden terrace, and a nine-story ‘L’ that takes the
brunt of the prevailing winds and shelters the roof terrace.
12
Envelope / Daylighting / Security
Government security concerns precluded the use of operable windows
for natural ventilation; the envelope design had to meet blast-resistant
and other security-related criteria. An enormous analytical design
effort was mounted to maximize the benefit of the abundant natural
light in the Colorado Front Range climate. Variations of a glazed
curtainwall system were designed for each of the two “L’s”. The
sunward “L” was designed with horizontal exterior sunshades and a
system of internal light shelves that cut direct solar gain and redirect
daylight deep into the building. The windward “L” has a related series
of exterior vertical shades to cut glare from low angle summer sun
while simultaneously harvesting diffuse light from the clear north sky.
Extensive computer and physical modeling studies were used to design
the daylight control devices and to evaluate their performance from the
perspective of energy savings as well as light quality. Adjustable blinds
were employed in the vision zone of the building perimeter to provide
occupants a measure of control over their work environment. In the
daylight glazing zone, above the light shelves, two different systems
were employed. On the northeast/northwest exposures, wide fixed
vertical louvers were positioned at angles optimized to block low-angle
sun. On the southeast/southwest exposures, horizontal louver blinds
were automated to optimize daylight distribution and glare control.
Annual Distribution of Solar Radiation as Emanating From the Sky Vault.
A system of fixed rooftop mirrors was originally envisioned to direct
daylight down into the atrium. Computational studies and physical
models on a heliodon suggested a system of parabolic, sail-like
fins might be more cost effective. In order to meet the constraints
of budget and turn-key installation, a small-scale sail maker was
contracted to fabricate the sails, and a local theatrical rigging company
completed the installation. The low cost solution artfully directs light
down through the atrium, creating shifting patterns throughout the
day, and controlling natural light and glare issues for workers.
Glare Analysis of Upper Occupied Floors – with and without the Sails
On-Site Generation / Emergency Services / Research
Although the base building budget did not include alternative energy
generation, the design team developed a building form that would
accommodate both wind and solar power should funds become
available in the future. The sunward “L” of the building was designed
to accommodate building-integrated photovoltaics in the spandrel
portions of the glazing. The windward “L” of the building was designed
with an aerofoil-shaped cornice element accommodating a number of
vertical-axis wind turbines.
Subsequently, the EPA secured funding to supply PV panels with
a capacity of approximately 9.5 kw, to be specifically dedicated to
the building emergency power supply. This system is integrated
into the roof of the building rather than into the façade as had been
originally conceived.
Local sky and daylight conditions were studied carefully to derive the
best solutions for harvesting natural light. A carefully conceived series
of ‘sails’ suspended from the atrium roof was designed not only to drive
light down into the space but also to protect occupants of the upper
floors from glare. In the end, the system was fabricated by a local sailmaker in Portland installed by a theatrical rigging company in Denver, and
came in at 80% of the budgeted cost.
13
“Anyone who has toured the building is in awe of every aspect of it. It
makes me proud to work here. Everyone I work with feels the same way.
The design and operation of the building are a testament to the hard work
of everybody involved.”
- EPA Region 8 Employee (from post-occupancy surveys
administered by the Center for the Built Environment)
The four-inch-deep ecoroof system is planted largely with droughtresistant varieties of sedum. The design team continues to work with
the Denver Botanical Gardens and local universities to designate
an experimental portion of the ecoroof for testing the viability of
certain plant species that have been bred specifically for the Colorado
Front Range climate zone, as well as specimens from several distant
locations that show promise of thriving in these conditions.
Health/Indoor Air Quality/ Energy Efficiency
An underfloor air distribution system with individual controls is used
throughout all office floors. The building’s heavy concrete structure,
required for blast resistance, was exploited for its thermal capacity,
reducing the peaks and troughs of temperature variation within the
spaces. A regime of night flushing to cool exposed concrete in the floor
voids, ceiling plenums, and structural elements further reduces energy
consumption during the cooling season.
Operation and Performance
Numerous energy-efficient measures improve the building energy
performance by 39% over the ASHRAE 1999 baseline standard and
comply with the AIA’s 2030 Challenge.
Water/ Community Regulations/ Practice Transformation
The project serves as a joint research venture in stormwater
management between the EPA, the City and County of Denver, and
various other agencies and organizations. Local municipal regulations
on stormwater management require detention with a controlled
release rate as well as water quality treatment of the runoff prior
to its release into the storm sewer system. High efficiency and
waterless plumbing fixtures are also employed, one of the first
instances in Colorado.
In 2008, the Center for the Built Environment (CBE) at UC
Berkeley conducted extensive testing for air leakage and system
commissioning on the underfloor air distribution system. They
found it to be among the best performing systems of it type
in North America. Additionally the CBE conducted a postoccupancy evaluation and the occupants reported very high level of
satisfaction in all areas surveyed.
Operational changes were also made to support the building’s
environmental strategy. Scheduling janitorial services during the
day instead of the evening allowed the owner to effectively put the
building to sleep at night. The benefits are not only a striking drop
in energy use but also a reduction in nighttime light pollution, the
ability to clean spills soon after they occur, and a more convenient
schedule for maintenance employees. During construction, over
75% of all waste was recycled and diverted from local landfills while
construction equipment used on the project was fueled by biodiesel.
With the help of experts from the EPA, the City of Portland, Oregon,
and research data drawn from national and international sources,
the design team demonstrated to local authorities the effectiveness
of ecoroofs as a means of removing pollutants and of reducing
rate and quantity of stormwater runoff. The local Department of
Urban Drainage agreed to allow the ecoroof as the sole stormwater
management method from the roof portion of the building and waived
the standard requirements for detention tanks and filtration vaults. As
a part of the agreement, the EPA will monitor the performance of the
ecoroof for a period of five years and will share the data with the City
and County of Denver as a means of evaluating the true effectiveness
of this approach in the Colorado environment.
The underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system was one of a series of
low energy and high performance strategies integrated into the project
(top). The green roof not only provides an amenity for occupants but also
performs the legally mandated stormwater quality functions for the project.
The City and County of Denver agreed to allow this as a pilot projectpossibly to become an accepted regional practice for pollutant removal
and runoff control- following a effort in which the design team collaborated
with international experts to prove its effectiveness and the EPA agreed to
monitor and report its performance for five years of operation (right).
14
J. Craig Venter Institute La Jolla
La Jolla, California
J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) is a research institute dedicated to
the advancement of genomics; the understanding of its implications
for society; and the communication of those results to the scientific
community, the public and policy makers. The founder, J. Craig
Venter, Ph.D., is best known for his instrumental role in mapping the
human genome for the first time. The Institute is currently home to
approximately 200 staff and scientists with expertise in human and
evolutionary biology, genetics, bioinformatics/informatics, highthroughput DNA sequencing, information technology, and genomic
and environmental policy research.
on-site. All of the program needed to be arranged in the most
resource-efficient manner beneath a single, expansive, PV-clad roof.
And, perhaps most notably, the Institute researchers needed to
decrease their equipment electrical usage substantially. Dedicated
to achieving their goals, researchers agreed to modify their
practices, cutting the originally-specified forty-two industrial-grade
refrigerators to four commercial-grade EnergyStar-rated models
without sacrificing the outstanding quality of their science.
The project also incorporates stormwater runoff cisterns and
storage as well as a Living Machine to process all waste on-site via
bio-remediation. In an unusual move, the client requested that the
anaerobic digester portion of this process be accessible to allow them
to do further research on the generation of electricity from human
waste. The building will be LEED-Platinum certified.
JCVI’s commitment to environmental stewardship has guided the
project design from the beginning. Consistent with the ambitious
ground-breaking nature of their research, the Institute sought a
research facility that would equal this standard of excellence in its
environmental performance. Net-zero energy (calculated on a site
basis) and net-zero water, two of the most ambitious goals set for
this project are notable because research laboratories by nature of
their operation are notoriously intensive resource consumers, and
because JCVI has a track record of setting aggressively high goals
and then pursuing them with equally aggressive determination (ref.
http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2001/02/41892).
The integrated design process revealed several lessons. Exceedingly
high-performance goals, even for a laboratory facility, can be met
with dedication and full participation by all involved. A true ‘zeroenergy’ building must be all-electric (in addition to collecting thermal
energy). Finally, technology and expertise to lower the energy
demand and raise the energy production of a net-zero building is
evolving quickly into reality, being pushed in part by far-sighted
organizations willing to reconsider the way they accomplish their
work in response to serious global environmental challenges.
The process to achieve these goals was lead by three integrated and
simultaneous efforts:
1) to design the most energy- and water-efficient building possible
2) to determine the most energy- and water-efficient means in which
the occupants could use the building
FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL (FSC) CERTIFIED WOOD
All structural timber and wood members are certified by FSC. This
ensures the sustainable logging of trees and use of plantation
grown wood.
3) to create the largest possible on-site generation of electricity
RECYCLED CONTENT
Recycled / reclaimed wood is used for the wall framing and
possibly in posts. Fly ash is used in the concrete.
This synthesis led to some clear directives. First, the building
needed to be powered entirely by electricity that could be generated
ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY: SOLAR
The entire electrical load is generated on-site from
roof-mounted photovoltaic panels.
ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY: WIND
Additional energy is generated via wind turbine assembly.
NATURAL DAYLIGHTING AND VIEWS
The local micro-climate and views are honored by using filtered
direct sunlight in public spaces with strategic
glass placement.
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Rainwater is captured and re-used with mechanical filtering and
UV disinfection.
NATURAL VENTILATION / PASSIVE COOLING
Operable windows improve the occupant comfort, and radiant
floors cool and heat office spaces efficiently without unnecessary
fan power. The shallow pools of water in the winter garden allow
evaporative cooling, and establish a comfortable micro-climate
within the courtyard.
USE OF REGIONAL MATERIALS
The stone used is from local quarries, and the concrete contains
local aggregates.
GREEN ROOFS
Intensive and extensive roof gardens mitigate the building
temperature, increase the lifespan of the roof, create new wildlife
habitat, and mitigate stormwater runoff volume.
NATIVE LOW-WATER LANDSCAPING
Every aspect of this Net
Zero Energy/Carbon/
Water laboratory
building is driven by
performance goals.
15
A palette of local plant species minimizes the need for
maintenance, irrigation, or mowing, and creates a natural habitat
for local wildlife.
ON-SITE TREATMENT & RE-USE OF WASTEWATER
Constructed wetlands manage all grey and black water produced
on-site through a biofiltration process, eliminating any demand on
local wastewater treatment facilities.
WATER-USE REDUCTION
High efficiency plumbing fixtures and waterless urinals conserve
water, and stormwater for non-potable applications is re-used.
Awards
Green Building Category Winner,
Building Washington Awards,
Associated General Contractors of
Washington
Closed loop coolant
wells beneath the
adjacent quad drive
the energy-efficient
heat pump system to
condition the building.
Pacific Lutheran University Morken Center for Learning & Technology
Tacoma, Washington
Water Conservation: All stormwater is treated on-site through
below-grade filter vault structures, and returned by infiltration to
the groundwater below the site. Potable water use is reduced in the
building as well as the landscaping. Low-flow fixtures and waterless
urinals result in the building achieving water efficiency of more than
50% better than EPAct standards.
The Morken Center is helping to fulfill PLU’s goal to better prepare
students for the demands of a rapidly changing, globalized world
through new levels of collaboration and synergy between educational
disciplines. It purposefully houses three traditionally unrelated
departments—the School of Business, the Department of Computer
Science & Computer Engineering, and the Department of Mathematics.
The 57,000 SF academic facility includes classrooms, laboratories,
faculty offices, conference rooms, an atrium and a café. The building
design draws from the context of more traditional campus buildings
in both form and materials, while incorporating state-of-the-art
technology and flexibility. The building is LEED Gold certified.
Post-occupancy surveys conducted by the Center for the Built
Environment (CBE) at UC Berkeley have shown:
• 91% of occupants are generally satisfied with the building; 93%
are generally satisfied with their personal workspace, putting
Morken in the 85th percentile of all buildings surveyed.
Form / Space / Environment: The landscape features primarily
native species, including a significant portion of the site restored to
the pre-existing oak savannah landscape. The native planted areas
further the connection between this green building and its site,
adjacent to one of the University’s natural areas.
• Thermal comfort scores of 35% prompted the design team
and the owner to work together to develop adjustments in key
heating and cooling zones where issues were identified.
Thorough performance data is currently being collected, however
early data results show:
Envelope / Daylighting: Natural daylight goals were achieved with
narrow building wings, oriented on an east-west access for southern
exposure, and a two-story atrium that draws daylight deep into
the space. High performance glazing balances solar heat gain with
daylight access and views to the outdoors.
• Average building energy use is 49% better than comparable
code-compliant buildings, largely attributed to the efficient
ground source heat pump system.
• Inclusion of a robust electrical metering system helped to
identify higher than desired energy use (plug loads) due to
the larger number of computers in use in the building. The
information has prompted PLU to work with IT teams to
implement “power saver” or “sleep” modes on computers.
Were there a dashboard system within the building, occupants
would have access to real-time energy use and the ability to
adjust usage accordingly.
Health / Indoor Air Quality / Energy Efficiency: The structure’s
east-west elongation and slender form allow for significant use of onsite resources of sun, wind, and light. An optimized envelope design
allows for remarkable building system efficiency. A ground source
heat pump system, which circulates water through pipe coiling 300
feet down into the site offsets the need for grid power to heat and
cool the facility; occupants are also provided with individual controls
over their thermal environment. The energy that powers the building
is provided through a contract for renewable energy, making the
Center a carbon-neutral facility.
16
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Research Support Facility
Golden, Colorado
windows in the north face. A post-tensioned concrete structure was
used to minimize floor-to-floor heights with the additional benefit
that the exposed mass of concrete serves to dampen the diurnal
internal temperature swings. During the cooling season, night air
is flushed to discharge accumulated heat in the structure, allowing
it to ‘coast’ during more of the following day without the need for
supplemental cooling. Active chilled beams are used to deliver fresh
air. Heating is generated by rooftop evacuated tube collectors and
cooling from an indirect evaporator.
Occupants were encouraged to alter their work schedules when
presented with analysis showing significant energy savings resulting
from not operating the building during peak conditions. Extensive work
was done with NREL’s technical staff to develop circuiting, switching,
and monitoring targeted at reducing plug loads, avoiding phantom
electric loads, and maximizing electrical efficiency. Executive staff that
preferred a more tightly controlled environment were located in the
east end of the building, separated from the naturally ventilated portion
by an unconditioned atrium space.
The design effort took an iterative approach to synthesizing numerous
strategies into a single, high-performance concept.
The expansion and consolidation of the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory at their South Table Mountain campus in Golden,
Colorado, includes funding for a 60,000 SF Research Support Facility.
The building demonstrates market integration of high-performance
design and building practices. It showcases technological
advancements and aims to capture the public’s imagination for the
renewable and energy efficient technologies that NREL is researching
and developing. It also highlights the ways renewable and energyefficient technologies can be integrated into commercial office space
in an attractive, cost-effective, and replicable manner.
As the project evolved, the design team addressed the additional goal
to achieve a net-zero energy building. Having already aggressively
reduced building demand, this effort consisted largely of integrating
on-site generation. In close collaboration with NREL staff, who have
developed industry-standard definitions of “Net-Zero,” ZGF developed
a design with sufficient solar PV capacity to meet the goal.
baseline
baseline
BASELINE ENERGY USE
14%
baseline
high
performance
skin
optimized
OPTIMIZED ENERGY USE
60
Equip
30%
Lighting
17%
Kbtu/SF/yr
ZGF’s integrated design approach analyzed numerous energy
efficiency models within the constraints of project program, site
baseline
and climate. The building approach was tailored to exploit the low
Equip
humidity levels, abundant sun, and high diurnal
Lightingtemperature swings
30%
17%
of the local conditions. The building form emerged as a narrow
65’-wide floor plate on three levels. Oriented to face slightly east of
due south, the building was sited to optimize its seasonal exposure
to solar heat gain, capitalize on views Fans
of the
Rockies from Pike’s
&
Pumps
Peak to Long’s Peak in the west, and maximize
natural light and
24%
ventilation across the building width. A natural ventilation system
Heating
15%
was developed using a series of solar chimneys arrayed
along the
Cooling
14%
southern exposure. When heated by direct insolation,
the buoyant
air in these chimneys rises, drawing air across the office space from
40
30
Fans &20
Pumps
23% 10
Fans &
Pumps
24%
lighting /
daylighting
Equip
60%
50
Lighting
4%
Kbtu/SF/yr
NREL set the energy performance
goal for 60
the building at a flat 25
Equip
Lighting
30%
50
17%
kBtu/sf per year. Typically, performance measures are relative to a
40
code-mandated baseline. Measured by post-occupancy
building
performance assessments rather than pre-construction
simulation
30
predictions, this absolute goal left no room20for ambiguity. Additional
Fans &
Pumps included LEED Platinum certification and strict run-off
goals
10
24%
management within the confines of Colorado’s restrictive water
Heating
0
15%
rights laws.Cooling
Cooling
heat
14%
recovery
& natural
ventilation
Heating
15%
0
Cooling
Heating
baseline
10%
3%
solar
thermal
high
performance
skin
CUMULATIVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES
lighting /
daylighting
o
60
Kbtu/SF/yr
50
40
30
20
Fa
Pu
2
10
0
baseline
17
high
performance
skin
lighting /
daylighting
heat
recovery
& natural
ventilation
solar
thermal
12th + Washington Mixed-Use Building
Portland, Oregon
design team worked collaboratively at Oregon State University’s
wind tunnel research lab to develop a clear understanding of the
anticipated wind behavior over and around the building roof. Turbine
array design and selection was informed accordingly, and the team
has subsequently been working directly with the selected turbine
manufacturer in Arizona. The array is predicted to generate roughly
12,000 Kwh per year. More importantly, it will be thoroughly
instrumented so that actual turbine performance and wind flow
patterns can be validated against predictions.
The design team has been invited to present this work to the New
York City Buildings Department and Economic Development Council
as they work to develop their small-scale wind policy, and for the
Director and engineering staff at the National Renewable Energy
Lab’s (NREL) National Wind Technology Center, where Director
Bob Thresher emphasized the value and quality of this pilot project.
Recognizing the ground-breaking rigor of investigation into this
untested application, local and state agencies have agreed to fund
the entire system’s cost through energy efficiency grants.
The building-integrated wind turbine array: four Skystream 3.7 turbines by
Southwest Windpower on 45’ demountable masts.
In a departure from the more traditional buildings emerging in
Portland’s West End district, the new 22-story, 550,000 SF, 12th +
Washington mixed-use building features a modern high-performance
curtainwall, operable windows, passive chilled beams, and innovative
reuse of stormwater. Incorporating multiple uses the building
features 17 floors of housing, four floors of office space which will
serve as ZGF’s Portland headquarters, ground floor retail, and five
floors of below-grade parking. The building is on target to achieve
two LEED Platinum certifications—one under New Construction and
a second under Commercial Interiors for the ZGF offices. It is also
one of the first urban buildings in the nation to integrate wind energy
in its design and is expected to serve as a catalyst for the next wave
of redevelopment in downtown Portland.
The residential units incorporate radiant heating in the floor slabs,
CO2 monitoring, and the highest efficiency mechanical units available
on the market. Office spaces combine UFAD with a passive chilled
beam system, operable windows to provide natural cross ventilation,
demand-controlled mechanical ventilation, and a night flushing
regime to cool the internally exposed concrete structure. An
integrated rainwater reclamation system captures runoff for reuse
in irrigation of the intensive roof garden and to supply 100% of the
office space sewage conveyance requirements.
Working on the Oregon State University wind tunnel with engineers from
Aerovironment.
In addition to a rooftop solar hot water system, the team made the
bold decision to incorporate building—integrated wind turbines. As
the Portland climate is less than optimal for commercial applications
of wind turbines in urban environments, the ZGF team proposed this
project as an opportunity to study, research and test the application.
A noted Dutch wind energy harvesting specialist, Dr. Sander
Mertens, was engaged with seed grant funding to help assess the
wind resource at the actual location of the proposed turbine array.
Together with aeronautical engineers from Aerovironment (inventors
of Gossamer Albatross and other notable engineering feats), the
Weibull wind speed distribution curves as measured at Portland
International Airport (green), Portland State University (yellow), and
predicted at the turbine sited by Ing. Dr. Sander Mertens (red).
18
Jonathan Rose Companies Joseph Vance Building Renovation
Seattle, Washington
The renovation of the 14-story, 130,000 SF Joseph Vance Building in
downtown Seattle synthesized environmental, social, and economic
sustainability goals. Developer Jonathan Rose wanted to create
a “ground zero” of progressive and environmental non-profits
in downtown Seattle; the vision became the reality, as tenancy
increased from 75% to 96% and includes eighteen environmental
and policy organizations like the Washington Conservation Voters
and the Sightline Institute.
Throughout the project, ambitious sustainable goals were balanced
with the economic realities of a building managed for non-profit
tenants. For this reason, a primarily reductive sustainable design
strategy was used, focusing on restoring the original materials and
functions of the 1929 building. Only when materials could not be
re-used, or where the environmental benefits prevailed, were new
materials and technologies employed.
The building’s drop ceiling and carpet were removed to reveal elegant
ceilings and terrazzo floors; acoustic control was provided to mitigate
hard surfaces in common areas where people gather. Where new
materials were required, simple, elegant and sustainable materials
were woven into the palette: the Property Management Office
functions as a tenant demonstration space, using low VOC paints,
rapidly-renewable plyboo bamboo cabinetry, and a conference table
constructed of local reclaimed timber. Most plumbing fixtures were
retained, but water use was cut by 37% with the addition of sensors
on all bathroom faucets and low flow flush valves on all toilets. A life
cycle analysis concluded that replacing the original windows would
not be cost effective, but each double-hung window was restored
by a local contractor to provide fully functional natural ventilation in
all offices. Other simple moves involved replacing all common area
lighting and ballasts with efficient T8 fluorescent fixtures.
As a result of this comprehensive renovation and “tune-up”, the near
eighty-year old building earned Energy Star Score of 97 (putting it
in the top 3% of its peers). The overall energy use intensity of 37
kBtu/SF/yr qualifies it for the 2030 challenge (60% less energy than
typical offices); with increased envelope and glazing insulation that
was outside of the renovation scope and on-site energy generation,
the building could approach net-zero energy. Ultimately, these
comprehensive measures helped the project earn LEED-EB Silver
certification.
To assist tenants in making informed and environmentally
responsible improvements, ZGF prepared Sustainable Building
Guidelines highlighting the most sustainable, energy efficient and
aesthetically appealing fixtures, materials, and furniture, as well as
proper tenant actions to facilitate daylighting and ventilation. These
guidelines will be used nationally by the Jonathan Rose Companies in
all their buildings.
Built before air-conditioning was standard in offices, the narrow
building and exposed thermal mass optimizes natural ventilation
and daylighting. With heating representing a large portion of the
building’s overall energy use, its boilers and steam distribution
system required retrofit. Specific improvements like the repair or
replacement of radiator steam traps and actuators and the installation of localized tenant controls resulted in impressive energy saving
reductions including an unprecedented 64% savings in steam costs
as compared to a one-year usage period prior to commissioning.
The Vance building optimizes performance by restoring and enhancing
passive strategies of single-sided daylighting and ventilation.
19
Conrad Hilton Foundation Headquarters
Agoura Hills, California
In keeping with its mission, the Hilton Foundation set out to obtain a
This project embodies a truly reductivist approach in which the
highly environmentally responsive building for its new headquarters.
building and the air conditioning system are merged into an elegant
In order to invent a different kind of building, the team first re-invented
whole. Air movement and conditioning are driven entirely by
the process for understanding what constitutes a successful strategy.
affecting the density of air, using evaporation to provide cooling and
The premise was set that the building’s function was to create a
solar radiation for heating. The client has come to understand this
thermally comfortable environment, rather than to maintain the
system concept as “living inside the air handling unit”. The building
interior strictly within defined ranges of air temperature and humidity.
enclosure maximizes daylight penetration, thereby offsetting the
Conventional buildings are designed to operate within these restrictive
need for electric lighting, while controlling solar heat gain through
conditions largely through exclusion of environmental forces such
the use of a louvered wood panel system. This simple, elegant
as fresh air and natural light, ultimately to the detriment of both
solution allows building occupants some control over the workplace
Percent of Occupied Hours Percent
People Dissatisfied (PPD) Exceeds 10%
resource efficiency and workplace quality. By contrast, this alternative
environment while providing dramatic views to the natural landscape.
Percent of Occupied Hours Percent People Dissatisfied (PPD) Exceeds 10%
South perimeter
Center zone
approach optimizes access to these elements while maintaining or
improving the level of thermal comfort attained.
South perimeter
Center zone
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
0%
25%
50%
75% 100%
AC + AC
clear
glazing
+ clear
glazing
A preliminary study was undertaken to evaluate the thermal
AC
+
tinted
glazing
(conventional)
AC + tinted glazing (conventional)
comfort levels that could be achieved with several HVAC system AC + clear glazing
ACbuilding
+ tinted glazing (conventional)
variants. In addition to a standard VAV system, whole
NaturalNatural
vent.vent.
thruthru
windows
systems incorporating underfloor air supply, exterior shading,
windows
thermal mass, and both direct evaporative (‘shower towers’)Natural vent. thru windows
vent. windows
thru windows+and
shading
Natural Natural
vent. thru
shading
and indirect evaporative (‘passive downdraft’) cooling
and
air
Natural vent. thru windows + shading
propulsion. The study demonstrated that the lowest energy
underfloor
NaturalNatural
vent. vent.
thruthru
underfloor
alternate – direct evaporative cooling – would maintain a range of
Natural
vent.
thru
underfloor
+
thermal
mass
Natural
vent.
thru
underfloor
+
thermal
mass
Natural vent. thru underfloor
thermal comfort conditions somewhat wider than the client was
Natural
vent.
thru
underfloor
+
thermal
mass
+
shading
Natural vent.
thru underfloor
+ thermal mass + shading
Natural vent. thru underfloor
+ thermal
mass
prepared to accept. The second most efficient alternate, however
Naturala vent.
thrudowndraft
underfloor +
– indirect evaporative cooling to create
passive
– thermal mass + shading
Underfloor air + cooling thru shower towers +
Underfloor
air
+ cooling thru shower towers + thermalthermal
massmass
+ shading
+ shading
proved adequate. The result is a building without fans and virtually
Underfloor
air +
cooling
thru
cooling
coils +
Underfloor
+ cooling
thru
cooling coils + thermal mass + shading
Underfloor
air + cooling
thru shower
towers +air
thermal
mass
+ shading
no mechanically-driven
equipment
whatsoever.
The
architecture
thermal mass + shading
incorporates a pronounced
series
downdraft
chimneys
Underfloor
airof+ vertical
cooling thru
cooling coils
+ thermal mass + shading
Matching HVAC System Capacity to Thermal Comfort: analysis of system
that both define and condition the space.
types and their ability to maintain comfort within acceptable ranges.
20
Although still under development at the time, the Living Building Challenge was
embraced as a means to measure the success of Cliftopia. The LBC demands
high aspirations of any participating project and, because of its level of difficulty,
demands a new way of thinking. Cliftopia was found to comply with every
requirement of the LBC apart from the provision of operable window to every
occupant, which was not possible due to the depth of the existing building shell.
Clif Bar Headquarters: Cliftopia
Alameda, California
existing stucco
new self-draining
rigid insulation
Clif Bar’s headquarters facility (Cliftopia) is designed to reflect their
core values of innovation and environmental responsibility. Through a
series of visioning sessions aimed at gaining a deeper understanding
of the company’s beliefs and corporate culture, ZGF developed a set
of guiding principles for the building performance and aesthetics.
asphalt building
paper
recycled rainscreen skin
Among Clif Bar’s beliefs is an ethic that sustainability in the built
environment must go beyond LEED. Their new headquarters should
be “restorative” with the goal of creating a living building that is an
expression of Clif Bar’s goal of “sustaining a living company.” Designed
to meet as many of the criteria of the Living Building Challenge as
possible, the solution therefore looks to service the building from as
many renewable resources immediately available to the site—energy,
water, and materials—effectively “closing the loop” on resource cycles
and achieving carbon neutrality.
existing redwood
stud wall structure
demonstration of Clif Bar’s story of community and environmental
stewardship. Glazed courtyards are cut into the building to introduce
light and air. Super efficient windows, cladding, and insulation are
used to modify the existing building envelope, and low-energy radiant
floor heating and sidewall displacement ventilation complement
the energy performance. Accessible to the public, the 72,000 SF
building is intended to be an educational tool promoting sustainable
strategies and includes offices, R&D, a café, wellness center, daycare
facility, climbing wall, full-service restaurant and a multi-purpose
performance hall.
Through an integrated design process, energy demands were
analyzed and reduced sufficiently such that all requirements could
be met using a rooftop PV array and small-scale wind generation.
An ingenious night-sky radiant cooling system (developed by the
Davis Energy Group) is used to produce chilled water at night while
also serving the dual purpose of washing the PVs to maximize
production during the day.
Responding to the client’s desire to use the most rigorous environmental
metrics for this project, ZGF researched and conceptually applied LEED,
the Living Building Challenge, The Natural Step, and regenerative design
to the project. Based on the opportunities and applicability of each
system, the project adopted the LBC as a project metric and plans to
apply for LEED Platinum certification.
The repurposing of a disused redwood-framed naval warehouse
forms a robust basis for the architectural solution and is a visible
21
Portland State University Northwest Center for Engineering, Science and Technology
Portland, Oregon
Awards
Engineering Excellence Grand Award,
ACEC Oregon
Hammurabi Award of Excellence, Masonry
and Ceramic Tile Institute of Oregon
The LEED-Gold certified Center for Engineering, Science and
Technology consolidates several departments; increases emphasis
on engineering, science and technology; and accommodates growth.
Bringing together programs previously located in six buildings
throughout campus, the facility creates a regional center for the
growing number of collaborative programs with Oregon Health &
Science University, the Oregon Graduate Institute of Technology, and
other institutions.
An early partnership with the Integrated Design Lab at the University
of Oregon helped the project team identify available on-site
resources to form a design which responds to the local climate. The
resulting building exceeds ASHRAE baseline energy performance by
more than 50%. It accomplishes this through four primary passive
and renewable strategies:
1) Groundwater is drawn from an aquifer beneath the site, run through an
open-loop heat exchanger, and re-injected into a second, deeper aquifer. This
geothermal exchange with a closed-loop heat pump system supplies the
heating and cooling for the building. As an added environmental benefit, the
relatively clean extracted groundwater dillutes the polluted return aquifer,
meaning that the use of this system as an energy flux for conditioning the
building simultaneously works to improve the water table beneath the city.
The building’s function as an engineering center is expressed in
the building itself, creating a “living laboratory” of sustainable
practices and technology for the College. The interdisciplinary
building provides research and teaching facilities in five above-grade
stories that incorporate classrooms, 48 labs, a 120-seat lecture
auditorium, faculty offices, student service offices, and offices for
the College’s dean. Two five-story volumes, distinguished by a brick
masonry veneer system, divide the building into office and laboratory
functions. Glazed perimeter circulation spaces open the building
to the public. An atrium is the primary point of entry and acts as a
community “living room.” The atrium is flanked by an open stair to
the south and by a series of open interior terraces to the east.
Located within the city’s downtown core, Portland State University
is physically integrated with the South Park Blocks (a public park)
and regional public transportation via the streetcar and the City’s bus
mall. The university sees their location as an opportunity to serve the
community by using the built environment as a teaching tool.
An open loop groundwater cooling system draws water from a shallow aquifer and, after extracting the building waste heat, is re-injected via a deeper
well. The process not only meets 100% of the building cooling demand, it
also improves the city water table by diluting a more polluted aquifer.
22
2) Public areas in the Center were targeted for natural ventilation. The
five-story atrium is designed to act as a thermal stack, pulling air through
automatically-controlled operable windows. Emergency smoke exhaust
fans assist natural ventilation in the atrium on the rare days per year when
temperatures are high. Sophisticated computer control systems also integrate
natural ventilation of the study areas through automatically-controlled
operable windows lining the corridors on each floor. The masonry walls,
exposed concrete floors, and pre-cast concrete stair all serve to create a
thermal inertia to stabilize interior temperatures. Cool night air is flushed
through the building during the cooling season.
3) The building incorporates an optimized daylighting design with extensive
automatic lighting controls. The design team studied sun patterns and
prevailing winds over the site which translated in to a daylight strategy in
the public and circulation areas that are generally oriented to the building
perimeter.
4) A cascading exhaust system allows the lab ventilation requirement to
be met by air exhausted and pre-conditioned by the non-lab spaces. This
arrangement eliminates all requirements for reheat, typically one of the largest
energy consumers in laboratory conditioning systems.
The five-story atrium serves
not only as building entry
but also as a buoyancydriven ventilation chimney.
Automatically controlled
windows at the building
perimeter and exhaust
louvers at the atrium roof
work together to control
pressure differences,
inducing air movement
through the building without
mechanical assistance.
A rainwater harvesting system collects stormwater from the roof,
which is used to flush toilets on the first and second floors and for
process water in the hydrology lab for civil engineering students.
The desire for an educational tool and demonstrable result led
to the use of transparent piping, tanks, and filters. Low flow and
waterless fixtures in the building also contribute to a domestic
water use reduction of over 40% below EPAct standards. The
reduction in volume of domestic hot water used by fixtures results
in a 64% reduction in energy used to heat water. Drought-resistant
landscaping minimizes water use.
Recent data from the post-occupancy survey conducted in
cooperation with the Center for the Built Environment at UC Berkeley
revealed an overall satisfaction rate for the building of 83%. Used
as a learning tool, the survey illuminated participant concerns
regarding odor control of waterless urinal systems—one of the first
test buildings to incorporate the technology in Portland. Using this
feedback we have begun to investigate the virtues of pint-flush
urinals which still offer significant water reduction savings.
A comprehensive commissioning process and a measurement and
verification plan ensured that systems are operating as intended and
at maximum efficiency. Robust building controls monitor systems
and energy use, producing data for building operators and students.
Water is collected from the
roof areas of the building
and stored for reuse as
irrigation and sewage
conveyance. Faculty in
the hydrology department
tapped into the system
to create an active and
highly visible piece of the
engineering curriculum.
The Center has become the southeast end of the Portland State
University campus and is an inspiration to the flourishing green
building community in Portland. It regularly draws visitors and wins
local awards praising its significance as a building that teaches
stewardship. The Oregonian called the project Oregon’s “most
exciting new green building” of 2006.
23
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington
“The beauty and functionality of the FHCRC
campus invites interaction and inspires creativity,
which is essential for great science. It lifts
my spirits to work in an environment that so
effectively integrates beauty and function.”
Lee Hartwell, Ph.D., President and Director,
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Selected Awards
EnviroStars Recognized Leader Distinction,
EnviroStars
Environmental Innovator of the Year Award,
Washington State Department of Ecology
Laboratory of the Year Award, Research &
Development Magazine
Mayor’s Environmental Leadership Award,
Business and Industry Resource Venture
BEST Energy Conservation Award
BEST Innovation in Energy Conservation Award
Progressive Architecture Award, Progressive
Architecture Magazine
As a leading research institution dedicated to the elimination of
cancer and other life threatening diseases the Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center occupies 1.3 million square feet on a former
brownfield site in Seattle’s South Lake Union neighborhood.
energy-efficient systems revealed a 2.4 year payback cycle after
local utility incentives. All six phases of the campus development
have also used the “Laboratories for the 21st Century” program as
a roadmap for the most cost-effective and energy efficient options.
Lessons learned on early phases were then revised and implemented
on later building phases. Through a commitment to continuous
performance improvement, the Hutch has retrofitted numerous
laboratories and buildings to improve performance. Measures include
heat recovery from process water, server rooms, and other areas, as
well as optimizing chillers, boilers, fans and pumps, compressed air,
and de-ionized water production. Other design innovations include
implementing variable air volume and reduced air changes in the
laboratories, with night temperature and air change setbacks tied to
occupancy through lighting controls.
The Center is as committed to a healthy environment as they are
to health. Early in the development of their campus the Center
recognized the importance of buildings that would minimize the
significant environmental impacts of research laboratories on the
environment while providing an appealing and productive workplace
for its researchers. Through site selection, master planning,
programming, and the design of six buildings, ZGF provided an
urban campus facility that facilitates community and interaction,
featuring landscaped courtyards, open-plan laboratories, a mid-level
sky bridge, and a common atrium. The laboratories also support the
Center’s commitment to the environment: not only do the buildings
provide occupants with daylight and stunning views to Lake Union,
they are highly energy and water efficient. Interstitial floors provide
maximum flexibility by providing access to mechanical systems
without interrupting critical research. For over 20 years this and a
commitment to energy ad water use analysis and commissioning has
allowed for frequent changes and the optimization of operations.
The project has earned accolades and over 40 awards for the
integration of sustainable design and the Center’s ongoing
environmental commitment. Since the first building opened in
1993, the Center has reduced its carbon footprint by 26%. The
project remains a model for green laboratories, even though
most buildings were constructed before the release of LEED; that
the Arnold Building pursued and achieved LEED certification
midway through construction is a testimony to the comprehensive
sustainable approach that characterizes the campus. As a
complement to its energy performance benchmarks, ZGF will
soon measure occupancy satisfaction through the Center for Built
Environment (CBE) at UC Berkeley.
Local utility incentives, totaling over $2.7 million dollars, were used
to fund energy conservation measures that save over 18 million
kwh and 358,000 therms per year, resulting in annual operational
savings that near $1.5 million. Estimates for initial investments in
24
f. References
12th + Washington
Mixed-Use Building
Mark Edlen, Principal, Gerding
Edlen Development Company
(Owner)
[email protected]
503.802.6610
Marshall M. Burton, Executive Vice
President, Opus East LLC
(Developer/Contractor)
[email protected]
301.354.3176
Wayne Drinkward, President,
Hoffman Construction Company
(General Contractor)
[email protected]
503.221.8811
J. Craig Venter Institute
Robert (Bob) M. Friedman,
Deputy Director, J. Craig Venter
Institute at La Jolla (Client)
[email protected]
301.795.7390
Joseph Vance Building for the
Jonathan Rose Company
Nathan Taft, Director of
Acquisitions, Jonathan Rose
Companies (Owner/Developer)
[email protected]
917.542.3644
Jamie Awford, Vice President
and General Manager, Turner
Construction Company
[email protected]
858.320.4042
Ryan Troy, Project Manager,
Turner Construction Company
[email protected]
206-391-3217
Pacific Lutheran University Morken
Center for Learning and Technology
Jeanne Sheri Tonn, Vice President
Finance & Operations, Pacific
Lutheran University (Client)
[email protected]
253.535.7121
Conrad N. Hilton Foundation
Office Campus
Steven M. Hilton, Chairman,
President, and CEO, Conrad N.
Hilton Foundation (Client)
[email protected]
310.556.4694
Brad Hayes, Construction Manager,
Sellen Construction Company
[email protected]
206.805.7111
Frans Bigelow, Vice President
of Development, Bigelow
Development Associates
(Project Manager/Client
Representative)
[email protected]
310.457.3310
NREL
Nancy Carlisle, Group Manager,
National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (Client)
[email protected]
303.384.7509
Steven Matt, President, Matt
Construction (General Contractor)
[email protected]
562.9032277
Steve Hamline, President and CEO,
JE Dunn Construction
[email protected]
816.391.2696
Cliftopia, Clif Bar Headquarters
Bruce Lymburn, In-house Counsel/
Project Manager, Clif Bar (Client)
[email protected]
800.884.5252
Portland State University
Northwest Center for Engineering,
Science and Technology
Robert Dryden, former Dean/Vice
Chancellor for Engineering and
Computer Science (Client)
[email protected]
503.725.8398
Patrick Wilde, Senior Project
Manager, Gerding Edlen
Development Company
(Owner’s Representative)
[email protected]
503.299.6000
Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center
Scott Rusch, Vice President,
Facilities and Operations (Client)
[email protected]
206.667.4242
Thomas Mormino, Vice President
Turner Construction
[email protected]
206.505.6600
Matt Pearson, Project Manager,
Lease Crutcher Lewis
[email protected]
503.223.0500
Energy Performance of selected ZGF projects
EUI (Kbtu/SF/yr)
LABS
Fred Hutch: Ph. 1&2 labs
(Weintraub, Hutchinson)
PSU Engineering Lab Building
Duke Nicholas School
UCSB Bren School
Venter
OFFICES/MIXED USE
EPA Region 8 Headquarters Office Building
Standard Office Insurance
HQP2
4th & Madison (IDX Tower)
Vance Building
Fred Hutch: Arnold Building (PHS)
Fred Hutch: Yale (Admin)
12th & Washington Tower
NREL
KEY:
20
30
20 (100
25
%
20 (90% redu
20
cti
)
on
20 (80
)
15
%
20 (70 )
10 %)
20 (60%
05
go )
al (
50
%
red
uct
ion
)
me
dia
nb
ldg
(ba
sel
ine
)
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Region 8 Headquarters
Cathy Berlow, Architect, United
States Environmental Protection
Agency (Client)
[email protected]
206.564.9770
CBECS baseline
Energy model
Actual energy use
LEED baseline
Code baseline
Mike Humphrey, Project Executive,
DPR Construction Inc.
[email protected]
650.474.1450
Summary of the energy performance of ZGF projects, including measured
(where available) or predicted energy use and comparative benchmarks
such as the US DOE’s Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
(CBES) data base and the AIA ‘2030 Challenge.’
25

the bullitt foundation

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