from Georg Wiesauer, FGA, FGG Graz- Austria

Transcription

from Georg Wiesauer, F.G.A, F.G.G. Graz- Austria
01. Februar 2013
Georg Wiesauer 8010 Graz, Stempfergasse 10
FEEG Symbosium Linz
8:17:52
China
୰⋶Ṣ㮹ℙ␴⚥
=KǀQJKXá Rénmín Gònghéguó
Area:
9.571.302 (4.) km²
Population:
1,330.000.000
(July 2008)
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Georg Wiesauer F.G.A., F.G.G - Chinas new Freshwater Cultured Pearls
China‘s pearl
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China‘s Freshwater Mussel Species
Classification of the molluscs:
Mussels
Schnails
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Cristaria plicata (Buddha-pearl mussel
Classification
Phylum Mollusca
Class Bivalvia
Subclass Palaeoheterodonta
Order Unionoida
Superfamily Unionoidea Rafinesque,
1820
Family Unionidae s.s.
Subfamily Unioninae s.s.
Tribe Anodontini Rafinesque, 1820
Genus Cristaria Schumacher, 1817
Species Cristaria plicata
(Leach, 1815)
Other names:
Cockscomb mussel
Zhou wen guan bang
(folded crown mussel)
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Georg Wiesauer F.G.A., F.G.G - China und seine Süßwasserkulturperlen
Cristaria plicata (Budda-pearl mussel
Some rice krispies pearls from the cristaria plicata
Picture: GIA America
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Cristaria plicata (Buddha-pearl mussel
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The Freshwater Mussels in China:
Hyriopsis Cuminigi (China)
Triangel shell
in Mandarin chinese:
„ san jiao fan bang „
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The Freshwater Mussels in Japan
Hyriopsis Schlegeli (Japan)
Pond butterfly shell
in Mandarin Chinese:
„ ci die bang „
Or as the Japanes say:
„Ikecho gai“
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The Freshwater Pearl Mussels:
„Hybrid Mussel“
cross between
Hyriopsis Schlegeli & Hyriopsis Cumingi
„The Leisure Mussel“
Will be used in
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Japan (100%)
and
China
(about 30% and more since 2007 )
This shell grew bigger and heavier in less time.
The mussels grew bigger and better-qualtiy
cultured pearls. Many were more intensely
colored than those from triangle mussels10
The Freshwater Mussels in Japan
„Hybrid Mussel“ (Japan)
„Ikecho gai“
„Kasumigaura
FWP Japan“
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„Hybrid-Mussel“
Japan & China
Hyriopsis Schlegeli &
Hyriopsis Cumingi
Advandage of the Hybrid-Mussel:
Accept a round nucleus
Is more resistent against pollution
„Triangel-shell“ China
Hyriopsis Cumingi
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Kasumigaura /Japan
Wholesale US$ 3950
„Hybrid-Mussel“
„Ming“ / China
Wholesale US$ 250
„Ming“ / China
Wholesale US$ 150
Japan & China
Hyriopsis Cumingi
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„Hybrid-Mussel“ China
Hyriopsis Cumingi
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Chinese Freshwater Pearl Culturing
Best season for the Pearl Operation:
The best season depends on the water temperature!
At a temperatur of 15 – 25° C
the mussel have a very activ metabolism
and a high surrival rate of the tissue.
They recover soon
In China the best season are MARCH till MAY and
SEPTEMBER till OKTOBER
for the operation of the mussels
* Quelle: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi City 214081, Juangsu Province China
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Time shedule for the pearl culturing :
Timetable of a „Tissue Nucleation Practices“ (no nucleus)
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Dissaction of the Mantel Tissue
1. Step
„The tearing methode„
* Quelle: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi City 214081, Juangsu Province China
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Dissaction of the Tissue
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Formation of a Cultured Pearl
Transplantation of the „Tissue“
Variation 1 :
Tissue only
„tissue grafting“ (Saibo, Microchip)
Variation 2: with nucleus
Illustration: Porf. Hänny SFFE
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Destinction of Cultured Pearls:
1) By the water (Freshwater/Saltwater)
2) By the different mussels
3) Gonade or Mantel grown
4) With Tissue (Saibo) or with nucleus
(or a combination)
5) I. or II. or III Generation …
Georg
Geor
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F.G.
F.G.A.,
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F.G.
F.G.G
G.G
G.
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Süßwasserkulturperlen
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6) Ge
type
of
Concretion
(mother of pearl or porcelain)
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The different Kinds of Pearl Cultiavtion:
A) Tissue grafted (only Saibo, no nucleus)
B) Tissue grafted with nucleus (nucelus & Saibo)
C) Cell activated with no nucleus
(will mean in an existing Pearl Sac)
D) Cell activated with a nucleus,
( will mean in an existing Pearl Sac)
E) Cell activated with a Mud-nucleus
put a (soft) mud-nucleus into an existing Pearl sac)
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A) Tissue grafted (without nucleus)
The old cultivation method:
„Mantel tissue transplantation“
The „mantel tissue“ (Saibo, Microchip) will be
transplanted into the mantel of the Feshwater Mussel
Depending on the size of the mussel will be injected into the
about 0,9 to 1 year old mussel (size about 10 cm)
about 25 – 40 Tissue (Saibo)
(each side about 12 -20 pieces)
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A) Tissue grafted
(no nucleus)
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B) Cell activated
Means:
( no nucleus)
(Keshi-like)
“Keshi-Freshwater-Cultured Pearl“(*)
.
From an existing Pearlsack will be taken out the Pearl
(mainly Coin-Pearls)…..
….the existing Pearlsack will let „empty“ …………
….and the mussel will be given back into the Pond (for
about 1-2 years) for further cultivation.
The Pearl Sack will produces now a more flat plearl…
Will be sold in trade as „Keshi-Freshwater-Perals„ …
(*) not allowed CIBJO Pearl Book !
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B) Cell activated
( ohne Kern)
(Keshi-like)
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C) Tissue grafted
with nucleus
To produce a „Ikecho Pearl“, a round bead
with a Tissue will be injected into the Gonade
of H.cuminii mussel or a Hybrid of
H.cumingii/H.schlegelii
Illustration: Porf. Hänny SFEE
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Gonade grown (with Saibo and nucleos)
Cultured Pearls - Trade names:
Ming – Pearl (cultured)
Edison – Pearl (cultured)
„Kasumigaura-like“ Pearl (cultured
Und für die chinesische Hyriopsis cumingii, die in
China für die
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C) Tissue grafted
with nucleus
The „Turbo-Ming
Cultured Pearl“
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New methods of pearl cultivation in China
D) Cell activated with nucleus
(Mantel grown)
Means: Freshwater-Pearls with nucleus
(Mantel grown)
.
From an existing Pearl sac you take out the grown Pearl
(mainly Coin-Pearl)…..
.. From the existing Pearl Sac you will take out the
culutrued pearls (mainly coin pearls)
… and it will be (re)-filled with a nucleus (round)
…..into the existing pearl sac
Produces the so called „ Fireballs“, CBSB-pearls but also
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„Coin-Pealrs of the II. Generation“ (bigger size!)
D) Cell-activated with
nucleus (mantel grown)
2-3 year old mussel
I.
1-2 Year
II.
Produces:
1-2 Year
Fireball-cultured pearls
„CBSB“ cultured pearls 1-2 Year
III.
(approximate since 2003 )
Mussel illustration from ‚GIA Amerika
IV.
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II. Cultivation
„Keshilike“
Freshwater
Pearls
„CBSB“ cultured pearls
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„CBSB“ cultured pearls
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E) Cell activated with organic substances
Means:
Cultured Freshwater Pearl
„with no fixed nucleus“ ( mud nucleus)
:
?
?
?
.
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Georg Wiesauer F.G.A., F.G.G - China and the new methods of pearl-cultivation
E) Cell activated (with organic substances)
Freshwater Cultured Pearls
„without fixed Nucleus“
:
„Soufflè-Pearls“
.
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E) Cell activated with organic substances
„Souflee-Cultured Pearls“
means:
Freshwater Pearl „with no hard/fixed“ nucleus
From an existing Pearl Sack will be taken out the grown
Cultured Pearls (mainly Coin-Pearls)…..
….the Pearl Sack will be filled with „mud, sand ect “ and
will be given back for further culturing into the pond ( for
about years).
The Pearl Sack will cover the nucleus with nacres
without further injection of a Saibo / Tissue!
Be carefull when drilling this pearl!
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„Souffle´“ Freshwater Cultured Pearls
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China‘s Produktionsmengen
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Life Stages of the Freshwater Mussel
3.) Parasitic
life stage
2.) Glonchidia
life stage
4.) Juvenile
life stage
0,4-0,7mm
0,04-0,07mm Glochidia
1.) Adultlife stage*
5.) Adultlife stage
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Parasitic live stages :
Per example:
Picuture left: Glochidien of the big
„Teichmussle“ on the skills of a „Wels.“
Picuture Button: Glochidien of the „Flußperlenmuschel „ will be cysted on the gills
or fins of the „Bachforelle
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Seite 47
Parasitic Life Stage :
In China: The host fish is mainly the Bighead- or the Yellowhead-Carp.
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Picture below:
Jung Mussels just
falln up from a
Yellowhead
(size about 0,5mm)
Picture above:
A Yellowhead (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)
will be used as hostfish
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The Bleaching of the Pearls
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Bleaching of
Pearls
Maeshori - A category of
Treatments applied to some
Cultured pearl types after
Initial processing
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Thanks!
Enjoy the day!
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from Georg Wiesauer, FGA, FGG Graz- Austria

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