Bike sharing in 10 European countries report. Module 8: Spain

Working Document Number:
D 2.4
Bike sharing in 10 European
countries report. Module 8: Spain
Work package:
WP2
Date of Preparation:
16.12.2009
Author(s):
Christel Frühauf, Simon Hayes
Editor(s):
Alberto Castro Fernández, Günter
Emberger, Nigel Williams
Project Co-ordinator:
Janett Büttner
choice GmbH
Holzmarktstraße 6-9
D-10179 Berlin
Tel +49 (0)30 231491 250
E-mail: [email protected]
Table of Contents
1
Country overview
4
2
Market potential
5
3
3.1
3.2
Barcelona
City overview
Bicing
7
7
7
4
4.1
4.2
Pamplona
City overview
N-bici
9
9
10
5
5.1
5.2
Seville
City overview
Sevici
11
11
11
6
6.1
6.2
Terrasa
City overview
Ambicia’t
13
13
14
7
7.1
7.2
Saragossa
City overview
Bizi
16
16
17
8
8.1
8.2
Ribera Alta
City overview
Ambici
18
18
18
9
9.1
9.2
Vitoria
City overview
Public bike system of Vitoria – Gasteiz
20
20
21
1
Figures
Figure 1-1: Cities provided with bike sharing in Spain. Image: Bicicleta Club de Catalunya
(BACC).
4
Figure 2-1: Chart of estimation of bicycles.
5
Figure 2-2: Chart of estimation of stations.
6
Figure 3-1: Station network. Image: Bicing.
8
Figure 4-1: Map of Pamplona and location of bike stations. Image: N-Bici.
9
Figure 4-2: Map of the five current bike stations of N-bici and cycling network. Image:
N-Bici
10
Figure 5-1: Map of current bike lanes of Seville. Image: Sevilla municipallity
11
Figure 5-2: Bike stations of Sevici. Image: Sevilla en bici.
12
Figure 6-1: Map of current bike lanes of Terrasa. Image: Terrassa municipality.
13
Figure 6-2: Bike station of Ambicia’t. Image: Terrassa municipality.
14
Figure 6-3: Map of current bike lanes and bike stations of Terrasa. Image: Terrassa
municipality.
14
Figure 7-1: City’s bike lanes and bike rental points. Zaragoza municipality.
16
Figure 7-2: Bike station of Bizi. Image: BiZi.
17
Figure 8-1: Location of Ribera Alta in the Region of Valencia and its municipal composition.
Image: Ribera Alta.
18
Figure 8-2: Location and number of bike stations of Ambici. Image: Ambici.
19
Figure 9-1: Cycling network of Vitoria. Image Vitoria municipality.
20
Figure 9-2: Bike station in Vitoria. Image: Vitoria municipality.
21
2
Tables
Table 2-1: Estimation of bicycles and stations in Spain.
5
Table 3-1: Evolution in cycle lane provision for Barcelona City.
7
Table 3-2: Facts and figures of Barcelona.
7
Table 3-3: Rates of Bicing.
8
Table 4-1: Facts and figures of Pamplona.
9
Table 4-2: Facts and figures of N-bici.
10
Table 5-1: Facts and figures of Seville.
11
Table 5-2: Facts and figures of Sevici.
12
Table 6-1: Facts and figures of Terrasa.
13
Table 6-2: Facts and figures of Ambicia’t.
15
Table 7-1: Facts and figures of Saragossa.
16
Table 7-2: Future number of bikes and stations.
17
Table 8-1: Facts and figures of community of municipalities of Ribera Alta.
18
Table 8-2: Facts and figures of Ambici.
19
Table 9-1: Facts and figures of Vitoria.
20
Table 9-2: Facts and figures of public bike system of Vitoria.
21
3
1. Country overview
Spain has a total population of 46,661,950 inhabitants and an area of roughly 504,645
square kilometers with a concentration of population around the coast and the central
capital, Madrid.
Public Bike Sharing in Spain has expanded rapidly during the last few years. There are
several clear stages in the development of public bike sharing in Spain.
In the early stage (from 2002 to 2005) the first automatic systems appeared and the
existing manual systems started to be promoted. In the second stage (from 2005 to 2007)
20 new systems were implemented. There was a clear support with funding being granted
by administrations. The third boom stage (from 2007 to 2009) brought the first of the
large scale systems.
Currently we are facing a maturing stage; enlargement of public metropolitan biking
projects, further and larger grants (IDAE and other administrations) and studies at a
national level (Probici, BP impact). A national conference to share experiences of public
bike schemes has run annually since 2007. Participation in the European OBIS project is
also an important achievement for benchmarking these experiences and developing a Pan
European perspective.
Figure 1-1: Cities provided with bike sharing in Spain. Image: Bicicleta Club de Catalunya
(BACC).
Spain’s basic feature is the diversity of the systems, cities and uses … especially
concerning cities. In OBIS examples of small towns like the Ribera Alta communities as
well as big cities like Barcelona or Seville can be found. There are different sorts of
systems both automatic as well as manual and frequency and use of bike sharing also
varies a widely depending on the city. Within OBIS a total of seven cases will be studied
which includes small, medium and large centres of population .Manual and automatic
systems are also included. These seven case studies represent around 350,000
subscribers, 800 stations and 10,000 bicycles in total
4
2. Market Potential
The market analysis of public bike systems in Spain is based on collaboration established
with the Spanish OBIS National Advisory Board, and in particular with IDAE and support
consultant Esther Anaya. Together, a record of implemented public bike systems has been
established, which holds estimates of bikes and stations implemented for the years 2007,
2008. This database has been checked for the case study sites of OBIS and has been
revised where necessary.
It is anticipated that this monitoring will continue in 2009, but for the short-term, an
estimate of the systems implemented in 2009 (including extensions to OBIS case study
sites) has been used.
From the data for the years 2007 to 2009 an extrapolation is made which gives the
estimates for 2010 given in the following table and figure:
S
S
S
S
p
p
p
p
a
a
a
a
in
in
in
in
e
e
e
e
s
s
s
s
tim
tim
tim
tim
a
a
a
a
te
te
te
te
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
8
9
0
N u m b e r o f b ic y
1
1
1
1
c
2
3
4
5
le s
.8 5
.8 4
.8 3
.8 9
6
9
9
8
B ik e s ta tio n s
851
891
970
1 .0 3 7
Table 2-1: Estimation of bicycles and stations in Spain.
Number of bicycles
18.000
16.000
14.000
12.000
10.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
Figure 2-1: Chart of estimation of bicycles.
5
Market Potential
Bike stations
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
Figure 2-2: Chart of estimation of stations.
6
3. Barcelona
3.1. City overview
Barcelona is a city with a high demographic density with roughly 1,600,000 inhabitants
within an area of 101 square kilometers (density: 15,963 inhabitants/square kilometer).
Barcelona is the centre of one of the biggest metropolitan areas of Europe. Barcelona’s
metropolitan region comprises 164 municipalities reaching 4.4 million inhabitants (density:
1,359 inhabitants/square kilometer).
Bike lane in km
Variation
1990
7,3
1993
21
187,70%
1996
59,4
182,80%
1999
108,6
82,82%
2002
119,1
9,67%
2005
127,5
7,05%
2006
128,9
1,10%
2007
129,8
0,70%
2008
156
20,18%
Table 3-1: Evolution in cycle lane provision for Barcelona City.
The existence of a cycle lane network provided a basis for introducing a public bike system
in 2006. This in turn, has triggered a recent of cycle lane provision.
Po pulation
1,6 29,53 7
Area
1 01.4 k m²
Tem p era ture
A verage
Ma xim u m
14.5°C
3 5.1°C
M oda l Split
Priv ate veh ic le
PT
35%
36 %
Touris ts p er
year
6 ,7 09 ,1 75
M in im um
9°C
Bic ycle
31 %
Tec hnology acc ess in hou seh old s
Mob ile
Internet
9 5.0%
73.0%
Precipitation
Am o unt
Days
90
4 00 5 00 m m
Ac ciden ts pe r ye ar
Total
Cyc lin g
1 9,237
3 94
Table 3-2: Facts and figures of Barcelona.
3.2. Bicing
The Bicing system is managed by the municipal company Barcelona Serveis Municipals
(B:SM) which granted the right to run Bicing, the city’s public bike share system to Clear
Channel in November 2006 for a 10 year period until the year 2017. Inaugurated on March
24 2007 with 200 bikes and 14 stations the service has been progressively enlarged
reaching 6,000 units and 400 rental points (stable since September 2008).
The service is being financed by users’ subscriptions and public income stemming from the
parking system also known as Green Area.
Users must pay an annual subscription. After registering the user receives a welcome pack
at home explaining how the system works and how to activate the card to be able to use
it.
The system is available 365 days a year from 5am to midnight Sunday to Thursday and 24
hours on Saturdays and Sundays
7
Barcelona
Yearly subscription
Year 2009 rate
30 €
30 m inutes fractions (first fraction free)
0,50 € / hour
Penalty after exceeding 2 hours ( per hour or fraction )
3 € / hour
Service withdrawal after hav ing exceeded 2 hours
after 3 notices
* extra charge am ounting to 150 € if bike is not being returned after 24 hours
Table 3-3: Rates of Bicing.
Figure 3-1: Station network. Image: Bicing.
8
4. Pamplona
4.1. City overview
Pamplona, in the autonomous region of Navarra, is located 449 meters above see level on
a plateau of 23.55 square kilometers.
Population
199,608
Area
23.55 km²
Average
11.7°C
Temperature
Maximum
26.8°C
Minimum
0.6°C
Table 4-1: Facts and figures of Pamplona.
A Cycle Implementation Plan for Pamplona from 2008 to 2013 is being developed. In this
period all Pamplona’s districts will be connected by bike lanes. All together, 103 kilometers
of bike lanes will be available across the whole city.
This plan of action has a two stages. In the first stage up to 2010, new bike lane sections
will link Pamplona’s districts. From 2011 to 2013 connections within each district will be
made. This project will develop a huge bike network, providing attractive routes for
cyclists within the city. Currently there are a total of 41 kilometers of cycle lane in
Pamplona. 20 kilometers belong to paths along the Arga river park and 5.3 kilometers are
being implemented within the city development of Lezkairu. Today there are cycle lanes in
Vuelta del Castilla, Fuente del Hierro and in the direction of the University of Navarra.
There is also a biking lane in new developments of Ezkaba (Donantes de Sangre passage)
and Buztintxuri.
Figure 4-1: Map of Pamplona and location of bike stations. Image: N-Bici.
9
Pamplona
4.2. N-bici
The initial service, inaugurated in June 2007, comprised 5 stations with 120 parking points
available for a total of 101 bicycles. In a second stage increasing this to 20 stations with
350 bicycles is planned.
To rent a bicycle, an identification card is needed. When this card is placed close to the
bike station reader, the bicycle is released and the system collects the user’s data. After
having used the bicycle, it is returned to the parking point and the card is passed once
again through the reader. By using an electronic card, the user is able to collect the
bicycle at any parking point located at the station and to return it to any free point at this
or another station in a simple and flexible way.
The first 60 minutes are free. For any additional hour or part hour a rate of €1 is charged.
The maximum rental time is 4 hours. Once the bike has been returned, another one may
be rented after 30 minutes have passed. The service operates every day at the following
hours:
• From April 1 to September 30: from 7.30 a.m. to 8.00 p.m
• From October 1 to March 31, from 8.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.
Figure 4-2: Map of the five current bike stations of N-bici and cycling network.
Image: N-Bici
Registrations
Total
1,956
Stations
5
Infrastructure
Hire points
120
Bicycles
101
Table 4-2: Facts and figures of N-bici.
10
5. Seville
5.1. City overview
Seville is another large Spanish city with a quite extensive public bike system. The city
comprises an area of 140.8 square kilometers. With 700,000 inhabitants it is Spain’s fourth
most populated city. Seville has 8 city tracks with a total of 74 kilometers of bike lanes.
Figure 5-1: Map of current bike lanes of Seville. Image: Sevilla municipality
Based on Seville's cycle integration plan, its bike lane network will extend to 120
kilometers once finished. Bike service centres comprising information about cycle ways
and parking are planned to be located in the most strategic and popular areas in the city.
Population
699,145
Average
19.7°C
Area
Tourists per year Bikeway network length
Parking places for Bikes
140.8 km²
1,369,472
84 km
339
Temperature
Precipitation
Maximum
Minimum
Amount
Days
35.3°C
5.2°C
550 mm
52
Table 5-1: Facts and figures of Seville.
5.2. Sevici
Sevici was implemented in the city of Seville in July 2007 promoted by the Seville
Municipality and run by the company JCDecaux. The service has a total of 117,928 users –
both short and long standing – and 250 stations distributed through the city (April 2009).
11
Seville
The stations are situated throughout the inner-city with a distance of around 200 meters
between each one, with many situated next to public transport stops to allow for
intermodal use. The bikes can be borrowed from, and returned to, any station in the
system, making it suitable for one way travel. Each station has between 10 and 40 parking
slots to fix and lock the bicycle.
Figure 5-2: Bike stations of Sevici. Image: Sevilla en bici.
SEVICI short duration subscription is valid during 7 consecutive days where the user may
enjoy a limited number of bike journeys. The first 30 minutes of rental are free. After 30
minutes, the next hour is charged at a rate of €1 and the following hours at a rate of €2
per hour.
SEVICI long duration subscription is valid during one year where an unlimited number of
bike journeys can be made. After 30 minutes, the next hour is charged at a rate of €0.50
and the following hours at €1 each.
To borrow a bike with a yearly pass, one simply swipes the contactless RFID-card at a
station kiosk to be personally identified by the system, which then unlocks a bike from the
support frame. With a weekly pass, a ticket is printed with an ID number that can be
punched in at the station kiosks to identify the user account. Bicycles can be used for the
first 30 minutes at no extra cost. The next hour costing €0.50 and all subsequent use
costing 1 euro per hour for the yearly pass. To return a bicycle one simply places the bike
in a spare slot at a station, the bike is recognized automatically and is locked into place.
Currently the service is being offered 24 hours a day during the whole year.
Registrations
Total
92,024
Infrastructure
Stations
Bicycles
250
2,000
Daily users
1,100
Users
Daily rents per bike
5
Table 5-2: Facts and figures of Sevici.
12
6. Terrasa
6.1. City overview
Terrassa is a city in Catalonia, Spain. The city is located at the Catalan Prelitoral
depression, at the foot of the Prelitoral mountain range (the Sant Llorenç del Munt nature
reserve), the average altitude of the city is 277 meters above sea level. It is 28 and 20
kilometers from Barcelona and Montserrat respectively.
Figure 6-1: Map of current bike lanes of Terrasa. Image: Terrassa municipality.
The bike lane network (red line) has been recently enlarged. It now comprises 11 km of
separated lanes and 19 shared lanes (altogether roughly 30 km).
Population
206,245
Average
16.2°C
Area
70,2 km2
Temperature
Maximum
27.7°C
Population density
2939.6 inhabitant/km²
Parking places for Bikes
Minimum
1.45°C
400
Tourists per year
28,457
Bikeway network length
30
Table 6-1: Facts and figures of Terrasa.
13
Terrasa
6.2. Ambicia’t
The public biking system of the city of Terrassa is a bike rental service for public use and
with own personnel on the biking points where bikes can be obtained for staff from
containers.
The system was inaugurated on April, 26 2007. Today it still works as a manual system by
registering and picking up bikes at one of the points having been provided with a key to
release the bike.
Figure 6-2: Bike station of Ambicia’t. Image: Terrassa municipality.
Service hours are from 7.30 a.m. to 7.30 p.m. from Monday to Friday (except August
when there is no service). Service is completely free of charge. The maximum rental time
is 4 hours.
Currently renting points are located on key mobility spots in the city such as the town-hall,
railway-stations and the university.
Figure 6-3: Map of current bike lanes and bike stations of Terrasa. Image: Terrassa
municipality.
14
Terrasa
The key goal of the public biking service in this small city is the integration of the bike into
intermodal transportation.
Registrations
Total
4,721
Infrastructure
Users
Stations
Bicycles
Daily users
5
100
207
Table 6-2: Facts and figures of Ambicia’t.
15
7. Saragossa
7.1. City overview
The city of Saragossa (“Zaragoza” in Spanish) is the capital of the autonomous region of
Aragon and the province of Zaragoza. It ranksfifth amongst Spain’s cities by population
(666,129 inhabitants at January 1st, 2008 according to the Spanish Statistical Institute,
and 682,283 inhabitants according to the municipality) and the forth city in terms of
economic activity.
Population
682,283
Average
14.9C
Area
1,063.1 km²
Temperature
Maximum
39.0°C
Tourists per year
822,124
Precipitation
Minimum
-6.5°C
Ammount
636mm
Table 7-1: Facts and figures of Saragossa.
Figure 7-1: City’s bike lanes and bike rental points. Zaragoza municipality.
In 2008, the bike rental system (Bizi) was implemented in the city and 40 km of urban
bike lanes were built. Thus there were 88.4 km of bike lanes available in the city. In June
2009, 9,000 daily bike uses (rented bikes) were estimated and further 20,000 daily private
bike movements were registered. In addition, in September 2009 a fourth enlargement of
the biking system will be carried out. This will provide for 1,000 bikes with 30,000
subscriptions and 100 stations. The construction of further 11.4 km urban bike lanes in the
course of 2009 is also planned. Thus Zaragoza expects to be a leader in bike use amongst
Spanish cities.
16
Saragossa
7.2. Bizi
BiZi is a public bike rental service in Saragossa and was inaugurated on May 28, 2008. It is
a service managed by the company Clear Channel and is similar to the Barcelona's system.
Currently there are 69 stations available, distributed accross the city centre. Another 30
stations are to be created in September 2009 (with 300 new bikes). A later potential
enlargement is being studied. Currently there are almost 30,000 subscribers.
Figure 7-2: Bike station of Bizi. Image: BiZi.
A yearly subscription costs €20. The first half hour is free. Following hours (up to a
maximum of 2 hours use) costs €0.50. bike use of more than two hours incurs a fine
amounting to €3.00 € per hour. If 24 hours are exceeded, a €200 fine is applied. A three
day subscription costs €5. Rates and terms are the same as for annual users.
Service hours are as follows:
• Monday to Thursday from 6 a.m. to midnight. On Fridays and the day before
holidays from 6 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• On Saturdays from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. On Sundays and holidays from 8 a.m. to
midnight
Opening of Bizi stations will continue until 1,000 bicycles and 100 stations are in service.
Most Bizi stations have nearby access to buses, railways and public parking.
May 2008
May 2008
May 2010
Total
Stations Bicycles
30
300
40
400
30
300
100
1,000
Table 7-2: Future number of bikes and stations.
17
8. Ribera Alta
8.1. City overview
Ribera Alta is a “comarca” in the autonomous region of Valencia, Spain, in the province of
Valencia. Its capital and administrative centre is Alzira. It is the second most populated
urban area of the province of Valencia outside the province's capital and it's metropolitan
belt. Because of urban growth, the municipalities of Alcria, Algemesi and Carcagente have
merged together becoming a population core of nearly one hundred inhabitants.
Population
920,000
Area
269.2 km²
Density
Bikeway network
341 inhabitant/km²
10 km
Table 8-1: Facts and figures of community of municipalities of Ribera Alta.
Figure 8-1: Location of Ribera Alta in the Region of Valencia and its municipal
composition. Image: Ribera Alta.
8.2. Ambici
The Public biking system has 13 bike stations in 5 municipalities. The total number of
bikes is 350.
The system is available 24 hours every day of the year.
The system works by means of a card acquired on registeration to the service
18
Ribera Alta
Bike stations
13
Infrastructure
Bikes
350
Distance between stations
300 - 400 m
Table 8-2: Facts and figures of Ambici.
ALZIRA
ALGEMESÍ
CARCAIXENT
CARLET
BENIMODO
5 stations
3 stations
2 stations
2 stations
1 station
Figure 8-2: Location and number of bike stations of Ambici. Image: Ambici.
19
9. Vitoria
9.1. City overview
Vitoria is the capital of the province of Álava and the autonomous community of the
Basque Country, in northern Spain. It is the second largest Basque city, after Bilbao.
Construction of the first lane sections for biking traffic in Vitoria-Gasteiz started in the mid80es. During this period sections linking the city's green areas and the countryside. Since
that time, the network has been progressively enlarged reaching a current total of 78.1
km of bike lanes. 39.4 km of this network pass through the city’s main streets. In the last
years several actions have been taken. The urban path project and the putting in
operation of the bike rental service among others have contributed to an improved split
for cycling.
In the near future, the Cycling Plan and the implementation of a complete bike lane
network aim to turn biking into an urban transportation alternative for a growing number
of inhabitants
Figure 9-1: Cycling network of Vitoria. Image Vitoria municipality.
Population
233,399
Average
8.4°C
Area
276.8 km²
Temperature
Maximum
37.1°C
Tourists per year
220,305
Minimum
6°C
Density
854
Precipitation
Amount
Days
135
649 mm
Table 9-1: Facts and figures of Vitoria.
20
Vitoria
9.2. Public bike system of Vitoria – Gasteiz
This is a manual bike rental service managed from bike stations that are civic centres,
tourist information centres and other centres that require user’s registration. The system,
managed by the municipality, was implemented on July 15, 2004.
The service is based on a free bike rental system provided in 10 rental points distributed
through the whole city of Vitoria-Gasteiz from April to November. At each point 20 bikes
provided. They can be used daily during the hours 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Bike stations
15
Infrastructure
Bikes
Distance between stations
300
350 m
Figure 9-2: Bike station in Vitoria. Image: Vitoria municipality.
Bike stations
15
Infrastructure
Bikes
Distance between stations
300
350 m
Table 9-2: Facts and figures of public bike system of Vitoria.
The service may be used by any person willing to register, providing personal data and an
official identification document (national identification document, passport etc.). A
complete informatics program controls the bike status, its availability at each rental point
and any incident that happens in the course of the day.
21