Challenges and Solutions in Selected Sectors

Transcription

ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung
Challenges and Solutions in Selected Sectors
Resource Initiative - Leveraging efficiency to meet India’s needs
Delhi, May 23rd, 2013
Commissioned by:
Jürgen Giegrich
IFEU-Institut Heidelberg
Jürgen Giegrich
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Content
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Resource Efficiency in the automotive sector
2
Resource Efficiency in the housing sector
3
Resource Efficiency in the energy sector - e.g. wind energy
4
Challenges and solutions
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1
The automotive sector
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The correlation of cars per capita and GDP
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Projection: Registration of cars
Ø 13
Cars per 1 000 capita
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Ø 90
Cars per 1 000 capita
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1
Material demand of cars
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1
Concept of life cycle thinking
Consumption of resources takes
place at different stages along the
life cycle of products

material extraction, processing,
transport

Manufacturing

use/operation phase

End-of-life (disposal or recycling)
Raw materials consumed along the
life cycle are not only metals and
minerals but other natural
resources: land, water and energy
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Material and energy consumption - different options
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The effect of steel recycling
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Split of motorized transportation in India and
Germany
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Raw material consumption for mobility
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Water use for mobility
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2
The housing sector
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2
The housing sector
The correlation of mineral consumption per capita
and GDP
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2
The housing sector
The growth of mineral consumption in India
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2
The housing sector
Limestone reserves in India
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2
The housing sector
Limestone scenarios
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2
The housing sector
Demand for living space in houses
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3
The energy sector
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3
The energy sector
The correlation of electricity consumption per
capita and GDP
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3
The energy sector
Electricity generation with wind turbines
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3
The energy sector
Material composition of a wind turbine
Figure 1: Composition of a conventional onshore 3 MW wind turbine
Image: modified BMU / Bernd Müller 2013
Data Source: PE NWE (2011): Life Cycle Assessment Of Electricity Production from a Vestas V112
Turbine Wind Plant.
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3
The energy sector
The use of rare earths in wind turbines
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3
The energy sector
The resource advantage of wind energy
Table 1: Estimated consumption of resources by coal-fired and wind power plant
Generation of 1 GWh
Coal fired power plant
Wind turbine
1 256 000 l
65 m²
700 t
500 l
0.005 m²
0.003 t
* Water: Cooling water is excluded.
** Raw materials: Include all direct and indirect raw materials used in the life cycle.
Source: IFEU 2013.
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Challenges and solutions
Main findings and possible solutions
Results for the automotive sector and mobility in general:
- the weight of a car is a main driver for material demand
- smart light weighting measures can significantly reduce fuel use
- recycling of cars has high potential in saving primary material
- electric mobility has potential in resource efficiency but strongly
depends on a high share of renewable energy in the electricity mix
- public transport is by factor 5 more resource efficient than a car
Possible solutions:
- economic instruments like taxation of cars or fuels should support
the use of lighter cars
- recycling regulations are necessary to support a high recovery rate
of all kinds of materials in vehicles
- the structural and financial support of public transport can be
justified also from the perspective of resource policy
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4
Challlenges and solutions
Main findings and possible solutions
Results for the housing sector:
- the size of a housing unit determines material requirements for
construction, maintenance and running of the building
- new technologies in production of construction materials can
reduce stress on land use and minimize social pressure
- increase of abundantly available, traditional and/or renewable
materials may further decrease environmental impacts
Possible solutions:
- support the use of resource saving technologies in the production
of e.g. cement
- compare the resource use factor for different materials and
promote building technologies with those materials
- introduce recycling policies also for building materials like cement
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Thank you for your attention
Jürgen Giegrich, Claudia Kämper
ifeu – Institut forEnvironmental
Research Heidelberg
Wilckensstraße 3
69120 Heidelberg
Fon: +49 (0) 6221 / 47 67 -0
Fax: +49 (0) 6221 / 47 67 -19
e-mail: [email protected]
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3
The transport sector
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Challenges and Solutions in Selected Sectors

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