ew attraction methods of Ips typographus L. p yp gp and

Transcription

ew attraction methods of Ips
p typographus
yp g p
L.
and Pityogenes chalcographus L. applied
in pheromone baited traps
Ph.D,Eng. Bartłomiej Bednarz
Environmental abiotic
factors affecting forest
insects behaviour
Light
Temperature
Humidity
Precipitation
Cumulative interaction of abiotic factors
affecting forest insects
(mesoclimate)
Air
Air pressure
Wind
ot coffee - thermal Infrared picture
frared Map of Death Valley
Erupting
p g large
g g
geyser
y
in Yellowstone National Park
Infrared Map of Mount St. Helens
Infrared picture of deers
ed spectrum is used for identifying what a surface is made. Both reflected and emitted energy tells us a lot
ks and minerals
minerals. We can distinguish minerals (gold and silver exploration).
exploration) Estimate the distribution of rocks and
Minerals absorb and emit thermal infrared radiation. The spectra produced by this infrared radiation acts as
ts, identifying minerals and their proportion in an area.
Thermogrames of trees
Spruce forest damaged by bark beetles
Spruce trees killed by bark beetle (colour infrared)
http://www.smartplanes.se
IR image of moth-damaged forest. (Infrared aerial of forest damaged
b Gypsy
by
G
Moths
M th (Lymantria
(L
t i dispar
di
L ) Harford
L.),
H f d County,
C
t M
Maryland)
l d)
Vampire bats (Desmodontinae)
f
frared
d emitted
itt d b
by warm bl
blooded
d d animal
i l
Cut the skin of vertebrates
with sharp teeth to lick up the
blood Locate 'warm-blooded'
blood.
warm blooded
prey with use of three heatsensitive pits on their nose
that are thermally insulated
from the surrounding tissue.
Snakes i.e. crotaline snakes
(Pit viper), boas (Boidae),
pythons
th
use the
th Infrared
I f
d
thermodetectors to detect prey
Snake eating the mouse
Melanophila acuminata (DeGeer1774) (Buprestidae, Coleoptera)
Pyrophilic beetle Melanophila acuminata can detect infrared
radiation from forest fires for considerable distances even of 50 km.
This is augmented also by a capacity to detect smoke, with the
antennae highly sensitive to combustion products.
cating of forest fires by the olfactory detection of fire-specific odours in combination with paired infrared pitgans located in the thorax of the insect (red arrows).
Authors: Dr. Karl-Heinz Apel, Abt. Waldschutz, Landesforstanstalt Eberswalde
Dr. Helmut Schmitz, Zoologisches Institut, Universität Bonn
Phaenops cyanea (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)
elblue jewel beetle is thermophilic and
pines
i
ttrees att forest
f
t fire
fi areas and
d sun
exposed edges of forests
Acanthocnemus nigricans (Hope, 1843) (Coleoptera, Acanthocnemidae)
ralian ‘little ash beetle’ is attracted
b fforestt fires
by
fi
((A)) Schematic drawing
g of A. nigricans
g
((ventral view, legs
g omitted).
)
Arrows point to the prothoracic organs (bar 500 μm). (B) SEM
image of the head and the prothorax seen from the ventral side.
The organs are situated in front of the coxae of the prothoracic legs
(bar 200 μm).
Authors: Eva
Eva-Juliane
Juliane Kreiss, Anke Schmitz, Helmut Schmitz, Rheinische
Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Zoology
The influence of solar radiation on
insects behaviour
Affects
gastrointestinal
activity
Light
Affects the
activity of
insects
Endocrine
s stem
system
Hormones
secretion, gonadal
development
Increase sexual
activity
Temperature
InfraRed
?
Propagation
Abundance
Survival
YSOHN pheromone trap modification
he THEYSOHN modified by equipping with a electronic
odules powered by 12V direct current battery and two
hotovoltaic panels (2x5W/12V/100W/m2). System was
protected with fuse against overvoltage. Trap was
equipped with photo resistor designed for IR/UV LED
er on/off at the night and during insufficient amounts of
light to obtain a suitable charging efficiency. Setting the
esired temperature of heating panels was controlled by
nal ∆t module based on two NPN (BC547B) and PNP
transistors (BC557B) and two sensitive thermistors
(NTC) measured the ambient temperature range,
between surrounding and temp. range on heating
nels. The potentiometer regulate temp. range between
ing of panels and ambient temperature. Heating wire
e from zinc galvanized metal wire used in beekeeping
up honey
h
fframes into
i t slices.
li
P
Power
off h
heating
ti panels
l
5-10 W. The panels were also equipped with 10 IR and
10 UV LEDs (5 pcs. of each side), connected in parallel
uit (IR) and series circuit (UV). Both IR and UV modules
ed with the exclusive supply. The device was equipped
with digital thermo module (PM435W) to visualize both
temperature achieved on heating panels measured by
thermistor and battery charge status.
ectronic wiring
g diagrams
g
as well as trap
p modification was made with
help of my colleague Msc. Eng. Łukasz Mateusiak
Schematic diagram
of modification
The research plots had been established in The Żywiec Beskids
Żabnica Forest District, Węgierska Górka Forest Division
Traps baited with Ipsodor W Chemipan pheromone (Ips typographus L.)
Types: white coloured and standard trap without and pheromone baited
baited, modified
Trap’s arrange: 17. March 2011
Trap’s storage: 16. September 2011
Elevation a.s.l.: 705 m
Forest site type classification: mountain forest, variant: fresh
Trees composition: 6 Picea abies; 4 Abies alba, age: 73 years
C
Crown
closure:
l
moderate
d
t
Trees height: 27m, site index class: I
Traps had been established at open area
Beetles collect twice a day at 7:00 and 18:00
OHN pheromone trap „MIT” with Infrared source
IT”
therrmal sensoress
heating
wires
es
∆t=2-3 C0
B
CF
BF
MIT
C
IR/UV LEDs
solar panel
accumulator
B/BF
C/CF
MIT
Period „I”
from 2011-04-22
till 2011-05-23
Period „II”
from 2011-05-24
till 2011-07-03
Period „III”
from 2011-07-04
till 2011-09-09
Ph.D,Eng. B. Bednarz, Dipl.Eng. R. Kotlarski
2
X C
UV
A B
C
X
C
C
A
B
C
X
Types of THEYSOHN trap modification
solar pane
els
IR/UV LEDs
Type „C” (26) - pheromone baited trap with heating wire and IR LEDs
Type „B” (12) - pheromone baited trap with heating wire
Type „A” (12) - pheromone baited trap with IR LEDs
Type „UV”(6) - pheromone baited trap with UV LEDs
Type „X” (13) - standard pheromone baited trap
Kanthal D
heating wire
and IR LEDs
IR/UV LEDs
ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium
iron chromium aluminium alloy (FeCrAl alloy)
alloy), up to 1300°C
1300°C.
oy is characterized by high resistivity and oxidation resistance.
front panel
„A - UV”
back panel
Ph.D,Eng. B. Bednarz, Dipl.Eng. R. Kotlarski, Dipl. Eng. R. Staszyk
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
Ph.D,Eng. B. Bednarz, Dipl.Eng. R. Kotlarski, Dipl. Eng. R. Staszyk
2012
Installing temperature sensors
Ph.D,Eng. B. Bednarz, Ph.D,Eng. M. Kacprzyk, Dipl. Eng. J. Pilarz
Temperature sensors installed at the Norway spruce tree trunks
anual and automatic data collecting from the sensors installed at the tree trunks
mode of connection
sequence of
measurement
manual data
collecting
Hobo Pro Onset Co. data loger &
H b Optic
Hobo
O ti USB Base
B
Station
St ti
designed integrated circuits layout
essing trees
hermal of Norway spruce with different health condition at cardinal directions
est differences in spruces temperature between healthy
and weakened trees were at west (4 - 8 C0) and north
(3 - 5 C0) cardinal direction
east direction the difference in temperature of stressed
and healthy trees range from 1C0 to 3 C0
The lowest differences between stressed and healthy
trees were observed at south direction
The highest temperatures of trunk were recorded at the
bottom while the lowest were noticed at the top section
rences in temperatures between weakened and healthy
all directions were significant (Mann- Whitney U - test)
Thank you very much for your attention!

ew attraction methods of Ips typographus L. p yp gp and

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