CODA Annual Digest 2012

Transcription

ar
Delays fell slightly in 2012, with airline delay data for all causes showing an average delay per
delayed flight of 27 minutes, this was a decrease of 1% in comparison to the delays observed in
2011.
Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe
Annual 2012
FOREWORD
This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by
the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database
which contains delay data provided directly by airlines.
The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics,
which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is
given in Annex E.
Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference
between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time.
This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at
http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Headlines and Overview. ........................................................................................................................ 3
All-Causes Departure Delay Summary ................................................................................................... 9
All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary ...................................................................................................... 13
Summary of Significant Events in 2012................................................................................................ 15
Scheduling Indicators............................................................................................................................ 15
Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators............................................................................ 20
Busiest Airport pairs .............................................................................................................................. 21
All-causes departure delay by hour....................................................................................................... 22
Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports ................. 23
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 24
Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)................................................................................................ 25
Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731) ........................................................................................ 27
Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation ................................. 28
2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region. ......................................................... 29
© 2013 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part provided
that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and to the extent justified by the non-commercial use (not for sale).
The information in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL.
The use of this document is at the user’s sole risk and responsibility. EUROCONTROL expressly disclaims any and all
warranties with respect to any content within the document, express or implied.
Central Office for Delay Analysis
EUROCONTROL
96 Rue de la Fusée
B - 1130 Brussels
The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified.
Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91
Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04
E-Mail : [email protected]
Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda
Date of publication of this issue: 01/03/2013
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1.
Annual 2012
Headlines and Overview.
2012 saw an improvement in overall levels of delay with average delays decreasing to a 5 year
low, with traffic levels decreasing by 2.4%.

The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic from all-causes of delay
was 27 minutes, this was a decrease of 1%, in comparison to 2011.

The percentage of flights delayed on departure (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 2
percentage points to 36%, in comparison to 2011.

The percentage of flights delayed by more than 15 minutes on departure decreased from
17% to 16%.

The average delay per delayed flight for arrival traffic from all-causes of delay was 28
minutes, remaining at a stable level to 2011.

The percentage of flights delayed on arrival (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 2
percentage points to 34%.
Figure 1. Average Delay per Delayed Departure and Percentage of Delayed Departures Comparison
Figure 2. Average Delay per Delayed Arrival and Percentage of Delayed Arrivals Comparison
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Annual 2012
2012 Overview.
January 2012:
January saw an overall improvement in delays in comparison to the same month last year, with
average delays from all-causes at their lowest levels for 5 years. Airport delays saw increases
following significant disruption in Istanbul as a result of snow. Poor weather conditions were also
experienced in Amsterdam and London. ATFCM delays fell during the month with its contribution
to the average delay per flight falling from 1.3 minutes to 0.9 minutes, with en-route delays falling
notably.
February 2012:
February saw a overall deterioration in delays from all-causes in comparison to the record lows
observed in same month last year. Frankfurt airport suffered from industrial action by ramp
personnel between the 16th and 29th February, there was also one day of action in France on
the 29th Feb. Amsterdam and Istanbul were affected by delays due to weather conditions.
Heathrow, Munich and Manchester also experienced delays. In regard ATFCM delays, these
remained at a similar level to those seen in February 2011.
March 2012:
March saw delays for all-causes remain at a stable level compared to that of March 2011.
Weather was the main reason of delay during the month with delays from low visibility and high
winds, particularly at the start of the month were experienced in Heathrow, Brussels, Paris
airports and Munich. In regard ATFCM delays, these remained at a similar level to those seen in
March 2011 with its contribution to the average delay per flight falling from 1 minute to 0.9
minutes per flight.
April 2012:
April saw a notable increase in all-causes of delay compared to April 2011. Airport related delays
were seen particularly at Istanbul Ataturk as a result of cross wind, heavy rain and increase in
traffic. ATFCM en-route delay also saw an increase in contribution following French ATC
industrial action (from 2nd to 4th April) as well as Portugal although disruption was more
localised. Heathrow and Paris airports suffered from weather delays, predominantly from high
winds and thunderstorms.
May 2012:
Saw the start in the trend of lower delays. Airport related delays were seen particularly at Istanbul
Ataturk caused by cross wind, heavy rain and increase in traffic. ATFM en-route delays
decreased despite industrial actions in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th May with
Lisbon seeing an increase in delays on these days. Weather conditions such as thunderstorms,
heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in Heathrow, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Brussels,
Amsterdam, Zurich and Paris airports.
June 2012:
EURO 2012 took place in Poland and Ukraine (8th June – 1st July). Despite an increased traffic at
airports in these countries delays remained at a stable level in Poland with Ukraine seeing a
small increase to its average delay per flight. Thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility
affected operations in Heathrow, Frankfurt, Munich, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Vienna
particularly on the 21st and 29th June. Istanbul Ataturk experienced delays due to airport
capacity.
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July 2012:
Adverse weather conditions, particularly thunderstorms, impacted operations in Munich, Frankfurt
and London Heathrow. The London Olympics 2012 started on the 27th July and ran through to
12th August, delays remained low during the games. With 40 UK airports being coordinated
during the Olympic period the main airports receiving additional traffic were London Luton
(EGGW), London Stansted (EGSS), London City (EGLC), Biggin Hill (EGKB) and Farnborough
(EGLF). On the 26/27th of July, 72 heads of state arrived, 31 in their own aircraft and the
remainder on scheduled flights. NM provided support to UK NATS and adjacent ACC’s. Further
weather delays particularly thunderstorms were observed, impacting operations in Munich,
Frankfurt and London Heathrow.
August 2012:
Airport delays saw small increases following delays in Brussels as a result of runway works, an
airline strike on the 31st August affected Frankfurt with the airport seeing delays to parking stand
unavailability. Amsterdam Schiphol experienced delays due to a historical bomb disposal on the
29th. Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations
at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airports.
September 2012:
Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4th and 7th of September impacted Frankfurt airport with an
estimated 1,000 cancelled flights. Lisbon experienced delays from ATC and capacity delays.
London Heathrow, Frankfurt, Palma de Mallorca, Manchester and Amsterdam airports saw
delays from weather, predominantly high winds, rain showers and thunderstorm activity.
October 2012:
Industrial action in France from the 22nd to 24th October, saw average delays for all-causes
increase on these days. There was also a strike in Greece on the 18th of the month, however
delays were low. Lisbon experienced delays due to ATC staffing and resultant capacity delays.
London Heathrow was affected by low visibility and winds particularly on the 22nd, 23rd and 26th
of the month. Similar conditions were reported in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Munich, Madrid, Paris
and Oslo. Zurich and Istanbul Ataturk experienced delays from runway configurations caused by
environmental constraints and wind respectively.
November 2012:
November saw a record 5 year low for all-causes of delay with an average delay per delayed
flight of 26 minutes being observed for the month. Reactionary delays also decreased to a lower
level than last year with a 42% share of delay minutes alongside a fall in traffic of 3.7%.
On the 14th November, Europe saw a day of action in with flights in Spain, Portugal and France,
these countries experienced disruption in the form of cancellations, these estimated at 1500
flights rather than long delays. The 15th November saw a strike in Marseille with delays being
observed there were also an estimated 250 flight cancellations. London Heathrow experienced
weather delays from strong winds and low visibility during the month, notably on the 15th
November. Amsterdam Schiphol and Oslo also suffered from fog and snowfall.
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Annual 2012
December 2012:
Delays increased in December with delays from all-causes shows an average delay per delayed
flight (ADD) of 32 minutes, an 11% increase in comparison to the low level observed in
December 2011. However delays remained below the record highs of 2009 and 2010, there was
also a fall in traffic of 5.6%. December was a month more strongly affected by weather delays,
‘other weather’ delays increased from 0.7 minutes to 1.4 minutes per flight during the month
(Figure 3). On the 7th of December airport weather delays were observed particularly at
Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Düsseldorf and Geneva, there was also industrial action at Brest ACC. On
the 9th of December weather delays were at observed Frankfurt, Munich, Berlin-Tegel and
Copenhagen airports mainly from snow and related low visibility, strong winds were also noted at
Amsterdam and London Heathrow airports.
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Annual 2012
Analysis of the delay causes contributing to the 2012 average delay per flight of 10 minutes
(Figure 3) shows a slight decrease in the contribution of reactionary delay, down from 4.5 to 4.3
minutes per flight. Airline related delays remained at the same level of 2.8 minutes per flight.
Airline reported ATFM en-route related delays decreased by 39% to 0.4 minutes per flight in
comparison to 0.7 minutes per flight in 2011.
Note: IATA Delay Code 19 (Passengers with Reduced Mobility) is included in airline grouping
Figure 3. Primary delay causes, 2011 vs. 2012
Figure 4. Primary delay causes, 2011 vs. 2012
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Figure 5. ATFM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay.
Looking further into the history of the ATFM proportion of primary delay (Figure 5), the en-route
percentage share of the total primary delay minutes was 12.7% in the main summer quarter (Q3)
of 2012, this was the lowest Q3 share noted since 2009. The Q4 proportion was 9.6%. Delay
minutes also fell, these down by 35%. The share of ATFM airport delay remained at a stable level
of 12% in the quarter. (Figure 4).
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CODA
2.
Annual 2012
All-Causes Departure Delay Summary 1
The average delay per flight from all causes of delay decreased by 5% to 10 minutes per flight in
2012 (Figure 6).
44% of flights departed within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure
time. Flights departing >5 minutes ahead of schedule increased by 1 point to 20% (Figure 7)
Figure 6. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures
Figure 7. All-Causes Departure Punctuality 2011 vs. 2012
1
A flight is considered delayed as from 5 minutes.
The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.
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Annual 2012
Figure 8. Long departure delays >120 minutes (2011 vs. 2012)
Flights delayed by more than 120 minutes (2 hours) saw an improvement in comparison to 2011,
slight increases in delay were noted during the summer months however these remained below 1%.
The only exception was December 2012 were delays increased following weather disruption.
Figure 9. Primary and reactionary all-cause delay, by IATA code (%)
Figure 9 shows that: Reactionary delay saw a decrease in its contribution to the average delay
per flight of 0.3 minutes down to 4.3 minutes per flight, however the delay share of the total delay
minutes slightly increased when compared to 2011. ATFM En-Route Demand/Capacity delay
contribution decreased when compared to 2011 by 0.2 minutes per flight and 2 percentage
points. Weather saw slight increases following a year that saw more weather delays than
previously.
The link from these categories to IATA codes is summarised in Figure 17.
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Annual 2012
Figure 10. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports 2012
Average
Delay per
Departure
(mins)
Average
Delay per
Flight
Percentage
Change
(vs. 2011)
Average
Delay per
Delayed
Departure
Percentage
Delayed
Departures
Departure Airport
ICAO
Code
1
LISBOA
LPPT
16.4
19%
31.3
52.4%
2
ISTANBUL-ATATURK
LTBA
13.8
81%
28.6
48.0%
3
MANCHESTER
EGCC
13.7
8%
32.4
42.1%
4
LONDON/HEATHROW
EGLL
12.5
16%
26.8
46.5%
5
LONDON/GATWICK
EGKK
12.0
10%
28.1
42.7%
6
LONDON/LUTON
EGGW
11.7
-7%
29.5
39.8%
7
MALAGA
LEMG
11.4
1%
29.2
39.1%
8
PARIS CH DE
GAULLE
LFPG
11.4
-9%
23.9
47.6%
9
MADRID BARAJAS
LEMD
11.2
-30%
25.2
44.5%
10
PALMA DE
MALLORCA
LEPA
10.7
-19%
27.4
39.2%
11
ROME FIUMICINO
LIRF
10.2
-9%
23.4
43.7%
12
ZURICH
LSZH
10.0
10%
19.8
50.7%
13
VENEZIA TESSERA
LIPZ
9.8
-17%
27.4
35.7%
14
NICE
LFMN
9.8
-5%
25.9
37.7%
15
FRANKFURT MAIN
EDDF
9.7
-15%
21.2
45.7%
16
PARIS ORLY
LFPO
9.6
-5%
25.1
38.5%
17
BIRMINGHAM
EGBB
9.6
2%
26.0
37.1%
18
LAS PALMAS
GCLP
9.6
-10%
30.6
31.4%
19
SCHIPHOL
AMSTERDAM
EHAM
9.5
-10%
24.2
39.2%
20
MILANO MALPENSA
LIMC
9.5
-10%
26.9
35.3%
Rank
Figure 11. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports
Lisbon Airport noted the highest departure delay with an average delay per flight of 16 minutes,
this was a 19% increase with flights being affected by en-route ATC staffing delays and industrial
action. Manchester saw delays from arrival weather restrictions (strong winds and low visibility)
causing reactionary delays especially affecting flights to Heathrow. Istanbul Ataturk saw an 81%
increase in delay, following capacity and weather delays from non optimum runway configuration
as a result of wind direction, an increase in arrival delay was also seen. In comparison to last
summer, Madrid Barajas saw delays fall by 30% to 11 minutes per flight (see Figure 15).
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Annual 2012
Figure 12. All-Causes delay situation for the 20 most affected airport pairs 2012
Departure Airport
Arrival Airport
Average
Delay Per
Departure
(mins)
Average Delay per
Flight Percentage
Change (vs. 2011)
Average Delay Per
Delayed Departure
Percentage
Delayed
Departures
1
MALAGA
LONDON/GATWICK
20.2
22%
33.9
59.6%
2
LONDON/HEATHROW
LISBOA
18.9
35%
32.4
58.1%
3
PARIS CH DE GAULLE
ISTANBUL-ATATURK
18.6
28%
27.0
68.7%
4
LONDON/HEATHROW
MADRID BARAJAS
18.1
-12%
27.7
65.2%
5
LISBOA
LONDON/HEATHROW
17.7
44%
31.9
55.5%
6
LISBOA
AEROPORTO DA
MADEIRA
17.4
36%
35.6
48.9%
7
LISBOA
BARCELONA
16.6
23%
33.8
49.2%
8
MADRID BARAJAS
LONDON/GATWICK
15.7
-11%
28.6
54.9%
9
LISBOA
PORTO
15.4
27%
31.2
49.2%
10
AEROPORTO DA
MADEIRA
LISBOA
15.1
63%
44.4
34.0%
Rank
11
GENEVE COINTRIN
LONDON/GATWICK
15.1
-20%
31.2
48.4%
12
LONDON/HEATHROW
ISTANBUL-ATATURK
15.0
36%
28.4
52.8%
13
TENERIFE NORTE
MADRID BARAJAS
14.6
-26%
27.9
52.3%
14
ROME FIUMICINO
MADRID BARAJAS
14.5
-34%
25.7
56.7%
15
LISBOA
MADRID BARAJAS
14.3
-8%
31.9
44.8%
16
BARCELONA
LISBOA
14.0
21%
33.9
41.2%
17
MADRID BARAJAS
LONDON/HEATHROW
13.9
-21%
26.2
52.9%
18
ISTANBUL-ATATURK
PARIS CH DE GAULLE
13.6
59%
27.5
49.6%
19
LONDON/GATWICK
MALAGA
13.5
19%
26.5
51.0%
20
LONDON/HEATHROW
NEW YORK
13.3
21%
26.7
49.9%
The Top 20 Most-Affected Airport Pairs shows that flights from and to Lisbon Airport suffered
from en-route ATC staffing delays and industrial action notably in May. Flights arriving at
Heathrow also experienced delays mainly from weather, mainly high winds and low visibility
affecting arrival traffic. Gatwick experienced weather and airport capacity delays during the from
runway works with delays increasing during the summer season (Figure 16 )
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CODA
3.
All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary
Annual 2012
2
The average delay per flight on arrival from all causes remained at 10 minutes per flight. Figure
13.
Regarding arrival punctuality, 26% of flights arrived on time (less than 5 minutes before or after
the scheduled arrival time). The percentage of flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule was
10%, this was an increase when compared to 2011 and highlights the trend of earlier arrivals that
was noted during the year.
Figure 13. Average delay per flight (all-Causes) for Arrivals
Figure 14. All-Causes arrival punctuality 2011 vs. 2012
2 The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.
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Annual 2012
Figure 15. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports 2012
Average
Delay
per
Arrival
(mins)
Average
Delay per
Flight
Percentage
Change
(vs. 2011)
Average
Delay
per
Delayed
Arrival
Percentage
Delayed
Arrivals
Rank
Arrival Airport
ICAO
Code
1
ISTANBUL-ATATURK
LTBA
17.4
29%
34.0
51.1%
2
LISBOA
LPPT
16.9
31%
34.0
49.9%
3
MADRID BARAJAS
LEMD
14.3
-32%
29.2
48.9%
4
MANCHESTER
EGCC
14.1
2%
38.7
36.5%
5
LONDON/GATWICK
EGKK
13.1
6%
36.1
36.2%
6
LONDON/HEATHROW
EGLL
13.1
20%
32.5
40.3%
7
LONDON/LUTON
EGGW
11.2
-7%
35.9
31.1%
8
BIRMINGHAM
EGBB
9.9
0%
32.1
31.0%
9
LAS PALMAS
GCLP
9.7
-11%
27.5
35.3%
10
DUBLIN
EIDW
9.6
-5%
30.6
31.5%
11
OSLO/GARDERMOEN
ENGM
9.6
0%
25.6
37.5%
12
MALAGA
LEMG
9.6
5%
27.5
34.8%
13
LONDON/STANSTED
EGSS
9.4
10%
28.9
32.6%
LHBP
9.4
-6%
29.6
31.6%
LFPG
9.3
0%
26.7
34.7%
14
15
FERIHEGYBUDAPEST
PARIS CH DE
GAULLE
16
KOELN-BONN
EDDK
9.2
-4%
26.4
34.8%
17
SCHIPHOL
AMSTERDAM
EHAM
9.2
-7%
33.9
27.0%
18
MILANO MALPENSA
LIMC
9.1
-7%
30.0
30.4%
19
BARCELONA
LEBL
9.1
-21%
27.1
33.6%
20
PALMA DE
MALLORCA
LEPA
9.0
-20%
25.9
34.6%
Figure 16. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports
When analysing the Top 20 affected arrival airports; the effect of weather in 2012 on arrivals can
be seen in the above graph. Istanbul Ataturk ranked first for arrival delays with an average delay
per flight of 17 minutes. Manchester was affected by weather delays on arrival. A high share of
reactionary delay was observed at Lisbon, following ATC staffing delays that affected flights
earlier in the day resulting in a 17 minute average delay per flight. Madrid Barajas saw a 32%
reduction in delays. London Heathrow saw a large share of weather related delay on arrival.
(Figure 16).
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CODA
Annual 2012
Figure 17. Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes.
Passenger and Baggage Cargo and Mail Aircraft and Ramp Handling Technical and Aircraft Equipment Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure Flight Operations and Crewing IATA Code 11‐19 21‐29 31‐39 41‐49 51‐58 61‐69 Other Airline Related Causes ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport Airport Facilities Restrictions at Airport of Destination Others 83 87 88 Restrictions at Airport of Departure ATFM due to ATC En‐Route Demand / Capacity 89 81 CODA CAUSE Primary Delay Causes Airline Airport En‐Route Description ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En‐Route Governmental Security and Immigration Weather (other than ATFM) Weather ATFM due to Weather at Destination Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Reactionary 4.
Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 82 85‐86 71‐79 84 98‐99 91‐96 Summary of Significant Events in 2012.
January 2012:




Winds, low visibility and snow; affected Amsterdam, Istanbul, Heathrow, Munich, Oslo and
Zurich throughout January.
Istanbul: January snow and single runway operations.
World Economic Forum in Davos 25th to 29th January.
Iberia pilots strike 27th January.

Spanair ceased operations 28th January 2012.
February 2012



Frankfurt: Ramp personnel strike between 16th and 29th February.
France: Industrial action 29th February.
Malev Hungarian Airlines ceased operations 3rd February 2012.
March 2012:



London Heathrow, Munich, Paris CDG & Orly, Amsterdam and Brussels were badly affected
by low visibility 1st & 2nd March.
Istanbul Ataturk: Weather and airport capacity delays.
ATC industrial action: Portugal 23rd March, Frankfurt ramp personal strike 29th March.
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CODA
Annual 2012

London Heathrow, Zurich, Amsterdam, Brussels and Paris airports were affected by weather
conditions (strong winds and thunderstorms).

Istanbul Ataturk: Airport capacity problems as a result of runway configuration and weather
(wind direction).
April 2012:




London Gatwick: Aircraft blocked runway following evacuation 16th April.
French ATC industrial action (from 2nd to 4th April).
Portugal: Industrial action 12th, 13th, 19th, 20th and 26th. Main effect was on Portuguese
airports.
Helsinki: Single runway operations due to works in progress in April.
May 2012:






Danish airline Cimber Sterling ceased operations on 3rd May 2012.
May 2012 weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected
operations in Heathrow, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Paris airports.
Airport delays continued at Istanbul-Ataturk, there was also a strike by airline personnel on the
29th May affecting Turkish Airlines operations at the airport.
Munich Airport: Zero rate due to disabled aircraft off runway 17th May.
Industrial actions in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th May.
Champions League Final Munich 19th May.
June 2012:


Weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in
Heathrow, Frankfurt, Munich, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Vienna particularly on the 21st
and 29th June.
EURO 2012 Football Championship in Poland and Ukraine 8th-30th June: Traffic increases
observed delays remained stable.
July 2012:

2012 Olympic Games in London 27th July – 12th August.
August 2012:



Adverse weather conditions, particular thunderstorms, impacted operations in Munich,
Frankfurt and London Heathrow in August.
Airline strike on the 31st August affecting Frankfurt.
Amsterdam Schiphol experienced delays due to a historical bomb disposal on the 29th
August.
September 2012:



Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations
at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airport in September.
Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4th and 7th September resulted in an estimated 1000
flights cancelled.
26th September Greek ATC strike and an exceptional power cut that triggered a radar failure
on 29th September which affected Athens.
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CODA
Annual 2012
October 2012:






French industrial action 22nd - 24th October.
Social issues affected capacity in Portugal notably Lisbon.
Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted
operations at London Heathrow, Palma and Amsterdam Schiphol, Paris CDG, Munich,
Vienna and Oslo airports in October.
Southerly winds at Istanbul Ataturk limited the use of the optimum runway configuration
Environmental constraints at Zurich airport restricted the use of the optimum runway
configuration.
Hurricane Sandy impacted North Atlantic flights on 28th, 29th and 30th October.
November 2012:






Marseille industrial action 15th November.
European Day of action in Spain, Portugal and France these countries experienced
disruption mainly by cancellations estimated at 1500 flights rather than delays.
Social issues affected capacity in Portugal notably Lisbon.
Weather conditions, particularly low visibility and winds impacted operations at London
Heathrow, Amsterdam Schiphol, Paris CDG & ORY, Munich, Vienna, Geneva and Oslo
airports in November.
Southerly winds at Istanbul Ataturk limited the use of the optimum runway configuration.
Canary Island airports experienced delays due to capacity as a result of runway
configurations from southerly winds in November.
December 2012:





Brest ACC 7th of December industrial action.
Seasonal weather (snow, low visibility and winds) affected London Heathrow, Amsterdam
Schiphol, Frankfurt, Munich, Stockholm-Arlanda, Zurich, Geneva, Berlin-Tegel and Madrid
Barajas in December.
Canary Island airports experienced delays due to capacity problems as a result of runways
configurations from southerly winds.
Lisbon social issues affected capacity during December.
Istanbul Ataturk: Wind direction caused capacity delays from limited use of optimum
runway configuration.
EUROCONTROL
17
CODA
5.
Annual 2012
CODA Scheduling Indicators
Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able
to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be
worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous
flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of
arrival, they cause reactionary delays.
The first of the new CODA Scheduling indicators is the Block Time Overshoot (BTO). This
indicator describes the percentage of flights with an actual block time that exceeds the scheduled
block time.
In the 2012 the BTO remained stable at 30%, then fell slightly in comparison to the 31% during
the previous year. This indicates that less flights had an actual block time exceeding the
scheduled block time. The summer months saw a particularly low BTO’s.
Figure 18. Block Time Overshoot (BTO) 2011 vs. 2012.
EUROCONTROL
18
CODA
Annual 2012
The second of the new indicators is the Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F). This shows
the difference between arrival and departure punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be
indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and
arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes.
In 2012 the DDI-F on European flights was -3.2 minutes which was on slightly lower when
compared to the -3.0 minutes in 2011. The DDI-F on European flights in 2012 was less than -4
minutes per flight in July and August.
Figure 19. Delay Difference Indicator – Flight (DDI-F) 2011 vs. 2012.
EUROCONTROL
19
CODA
A.
Annual 2012
Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators
This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all causes. A
flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 67% of
commercial flights in the ECAC region in 2012.
Figure 20. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right)
Figure 21. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right)
Figure 22. Percentage of flights delayed > 15mins for all-Causes (departures left, arrivals right)
EUROCONTROL
20
CODA
Annual 2012
B. Busiest Airport pairs
Figure 23. Busiest airport pairs for flights in 2012
and airport
Flights Per
Day 2012
Change
since 2011
(%)
MADRID BARAJAS
BARCELONA
61.5
-19%
2
ISTANBUL-ATATURK
IZMIR-ADNANMENDERES
59.5
12%
3
TOULOUSE BLAGNAC
PARIS ORLY
51.1
1%
4
TRONDHEIM/VAERNES
OSLO/GARDERMOEN
48.7
4%
5
ROME FIUMICINO
MILANO LINATE
48.2
2%
6
BERGEN/FLESLAND
OSLO/GARDERMOEN
48.0
-2%
7
NICE
PARIS ORLY
45.8
2%
8
ISTANBUL-ATATURK
ANTALYA
44.3
6%
9
STAVANGER/SOLA
OSLO/GARDERMOEN
43.6
2%
10
ISTANBUL-ATATURK
ANKARA-ESENBOGA
42.3
4%
11
PALMA DE MALLORCA
BARCELONA
40.7
-14%
12
LAS PALMAS
TENERIFE NORTE
39.2
-12%
13
DUESSELDORF
MUENCHEN 2
37.9
-4%
14
MUENCHEN 2
TEGEL-BERLIN
37.8
-3%
15
HAMBURG
MUENCHEN 2
37.6
-1%
16
FRANKFURT MAIN
TEGEL-BERLIN
37.4
-2%
17
GUERNSEY
JERSEY
37.3
-12%
18
LONDON/HEATHROW
SCHIPHOL
AMSTERDAM
36.8
6%
19
FRANKFURT MAIN
LONDON/HEATHROW
36.2
4%
20
LONDON/HEATHROW
NEW YORK
36.2
6%
Rank
Between airport
1
In 2012 there were 2.4% fewer flights in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA)
than in 2011.
Despite seeing a decrease in flights of 19% following airline restructuring in the region and the
ceasing of Spanair operations, Madrid Barajas to Barcelona was the busiest airport paring in
2012. Istanbul Ataturk to Izmir was the second busiest airport pairing, with this city pair seeing an
increase in the number of flights of 12%.
EUROCONTROL
21
CODA
C.
Annual 2012
All-causes departure delay by hour
This annex summarises the all-cause delay by hour of the day and major causes.
Figure 24. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day 2012.
Figure 25. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day 2011.
EUROCONTROL
22
CODA
D.
Annual 2012
Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure
Airports
For airports with an average of more than 80 departures a day, this annex summarises the
average delay per delayed flight (ADD) on departure and percentage of flights delayed (PDF) on
departure in the month.
Figure 26. ADD vs. PDF 2012 (2012 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)
Figure 27. ADD vs. PDF 2011 (2011 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)
EUROCONTROL
23
CODA
Annual 2012
E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations
Delay Parameter Abbreviations
TTF
TRF
TDF
PRF
PDF
TDM
Total Flights
Total Regulated Flights
Total Delayed Flights
Percentage of Regulated Flights
Percentage of Delayed Flights
Total Delay in Minutes
ADM
ADR
ADD
Average Delay per Movement
Average Delay per Regulated Flight
Average Delay per Delayed Flight
Glossary of Terms
ACC
Area Control Centre
AEA
Association of European Airlines
AHM
Airport Handling Manual
ATFM
Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes)
ATFCM
Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management
(used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function)
ATS
Air Traffic Services
BTO
Block Time Overshoot
CODA
Central Office for Delay Analysis
DDI-F
Delay Difference Indicator - Flight
DNM
Directorate Network Management
NMOC
NM Operations Centre (Network Manager)
ECAC
European Civil Aviation Conference
FDPS
Flight Data Processing System
FMP
Flow Management Position
IACA
International Air Carrier Association
IATA
International Air Transport Association
EUROCONTROL
24
CODA
Annual 2012
F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)
Others
00-05
06 (OA)
09 (SG)
AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES
NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY
SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME
Passenger and Baggage
11
12
13
14
15
16
(PD)
(PL)
(PE)
(PO)
(PH)
(PS)
17 (PC)
18 (PB)
19 (PW)
LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline
LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area
CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage
OVERSALES, booking errors
BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger
COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal
items
CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier
BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc.
REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility.
Cargo and Mail
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
(CD)
(CP)
(CC)
(CI)
(CO)
(CU)
(CE)
(CL)
(CA)
DOCUMENTATION, errors etc.
LATE POSITIONING
LATE ACCEPTANCE
INADEQUATE PACKING
OVERSALES, booking errors
LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE
DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only)
LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only)
LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)
Aircraft and Ramp Handling
31 (GD)
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
(GL)
(GE)
(GS)
(GC)
(GF)
(GB)
(GU)
(GT)
AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest,
etc.
LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff
LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff
SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps
AIRCRAFT CLEANING
FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier
CATERING, late delivery or loading
ULD, lack of or serviceability
TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback
Technical and Aircraft Equipment
41 (TD)
42 (TM)
43 (TN)
44
45
46
47
48
(TS)
(TA)
(TC)
(TL)
(TV)
AIRCRAFT DEFECTS.
SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release.
NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance
schedule.
SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown.
AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station.
AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons.
STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons.
SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.
Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure
51 (DF)
52 (DG)
55
56
57
58
(ED)
(EC)
(EF)
(EO)
DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing,
collision during taxiing
DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage,
contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions
DEPARTURE CONTROL
CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION
FLIGHT PLANS
OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM
EUROCONTROL
25
CODA
Annual 2012
Flight Operations and Crewing
61 (FP)
62 (FF)
63 (FT)
64 (FS)
65 (FR)
66 (FL)
67 (FC)
68 (FA)
69 (FB)
FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration
LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or
entire crew)
FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa,
health documents, etc.
FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements
LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby
CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health
documents, etc.
CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements
CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary
Weather
71
72
73
75
76
77
(WO)
(WT)
(WR)
(WI)
(WS)
(WG)
DEPARTURE STATION
DESTINATION STATION
EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE
DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment
REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT
GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES
AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS
81 (AT)
82 (AX)
83 (AE)
84 (AW)
ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems
ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff
shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring
area
ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction,
industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights
ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION
AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES
85 (AS)
86 (AG)
87 (AF)
88 (AD)
89 (AM)
MANDATORY SECURITY
IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH
AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc.
RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial
action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights
RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air
3
Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather , industrial
action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights
Reactionary
91
92
93
94
95
96
(RL)
(RT)
(RA)
(RS)
(RC)
(RO)
LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight
THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage
AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector
CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight
CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew)
OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical
Miscellaneous
97 (MI)
98 (MO)
99 (MX)
INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE
INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS
OTHER REASON, not matching any code above
SOURCE: IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)
3
Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)
EUROCONTROL
26
CODA
Annual 2012
G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)
73 (WR)
WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE
Z
Y
X
81 (AT)
OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS
OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS
ETOPS
ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems
Z
Y
82 (AX)
ATC ROUTEINGS
HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY
ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or
staff shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in
neighbouring area
Z
Y
X
W
V
83 (AE)
INDUSTRIAL ACTION
EQUIPMENT FAILURE
STAFF SHORTAGE
MILITARY ACTIVITY
SPECIAL EVENT
ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to
obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew,
special flights
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
87 (AF)
HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY
INDUSTRIAL ACTION
EQUIPMENT FAILURE
STAFF SHORTAGE
ACCIDENT / INCIDENT
MILITARY ACTIVITY
SPECIAL EVENT
NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW
OTHER
AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc.
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
P
N
M
L
K
J
H
G
89 (AM)
LACK OF PARKING STANDS
RAMP CONGESTION
LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS
GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE
BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW
NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE
JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE
LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE
PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE
PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE
INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER
GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE
NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION
BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM
LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK
ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT
RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including
Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or
weather.
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
T
S
R
P
N
M
L
K
J
H
G
93 (RA)
ATC CAPACITY
ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION
ATC STAFFING
ATC EQUIPMENT
ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT
ATC DUE TO DE-ICING
ATC SPECIAL EVENT
ATC WEATHER
ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW
ATC POLITICAL UNREST
ATC ENVIRONMENTAL
AIRPORT CLOSURE
RUNWAY CLOSURE
START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC)
LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC
CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE
OTHER
AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight
Z
Y
X
W
V
U
EUROCONTROL
LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION
LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY
LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING
LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION
LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION
LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS
27
CODA
EUROCONTROL
28
Other
Environmental issues
Weather
Special Event
Military activity
Ind Action non-ATC
Equipment non-ATC
De-Icing
Aerodrome capacity
Accident / Incident
ATC equipment
ATC Staffing
ATC Routeings
ATC Ind action
ATC capacity
Reason for
Regulation
Regulation
Location
D
E
A
D
E
A
E
D
E
A
D
E
A
D
A
D
A
D
D
A
D
A
D
E
A
D
A
D
E
A
D
A
D
E
A
CODE
C
C
C
I
I
I
R
S
S
S
T
T
T
A
A
G
G
D
E
E
N
N
M
M
M
P
P
W
W
W
V
V
O
O
O
Security alert
Noise
Thunderstorm; low visibility; X winds
European football cup; Heads of Government meetings
Brilliant Invader; ODAX
Firemen's strike
demand exceeds the declared airport capacity
De-icing
Runway or taxiway lighting failure
Lack of parking; taxiway closure; areas closed for maintenance;
RWY23 closed due to accident
Radar failure, RTF failure
Illness, traffic delays on the highway
Phasing in of new procedures
Controller's strike
Demand exceeds the capacity
Example
87
89
87
87
98
98
89
82
83
89
83
89
73
84
89
83
89
81
83
87
89
81
83
89
82
83
81
89
82
83
89
82
83
89
83
CODE
AIRPORT FACILITIES
AIRPORT FACILITIES
RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE
AIRPORT FACILITIES
AIRPORT FACILITIES
INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE
INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE
ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE
ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT
WEATHER EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE
ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION
ATFM due to ATC ENROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY
Delay Cause
CORRELATION BETWEEN IATA DELAY CODES AND THE CFMU REASONS FOR REGULATION
CFMU
IATA
Annual 2012
H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation
CODA
Annual 2012
I. 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region.
EUROCONTROL
29
CODA

CODA Annual Digest 2012

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