Markus Michalewicz

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Markus Michalewicz
BU Database Technologies
Oracle Deutschland GmbH
Page 1
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TAF, Load Balancing and More
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y
In the case of an Oracle instance failure, TAF
automatically transfers client connections to a
surviving instance.
y
Clients already connected do not need to
reconnect if a secondary instance is available and
TAF has been pre-configured.
y
It provides high availability to an end client, and
end clients do not see any errors or outages.
y
TAF works with MTS or dedicated sessions.
Page 2
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y
TAF is designed for OPS/RAC
y
Can be implemented in RAC Guard
(HA server, OPFS, PFS)
y
Replicated Databases
y
Data Guard
y
Fail Safe Clusters (NT, W2K)
y
Single Instance Environments
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y
All the applications must be TAF aware
means: OCI driver or Pro* precompiler
y
SQL*Plus is TAF aware
y
ODBC connection
y
JDBC Thick Driver (OCI driver)
Applications are not OCI compliant
Forms, Reports, etc.
7KH6ROXWLRQEHKLQGLWDOO2UDFOH1HW
y
Dynamic Instance Registration
y
Load Balancing
–
–
Client-Side
Server-Side
y
Connect Time Failover
y
Runtime Failover
–
Transparent Application Failover
Page 4
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y
Instance Î Listener Communication
y
Use SERVICE_NAME not SIDs
y
Recognises / Updates via PMON
–
–
y
Start and stop listener
Start and stop instance
Simplifies Management
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y
Service Registration Delay:
–
If startup is 1) Listener 2) Instance
then service registration is immediate.
–
If startup is 1) Instance 2) Listener then PMON
fails the initial registration and retries every 60 sec.
(connections are refused until successfully
registered!)
–
Workaround: “$/7(56<67(05(*,67(5”
upon listener startup.
Page 5
&OLHQW6HUYHUVHLWLJHV/RDGEDODQFLQJ
&OLHQW6HUYHUVHLWLJHV/RDGEDODQFLQJ
•
Verbindungsaufbau nach einem Zufallsprinzip
–
verwendet die Adressliste der tnsnames.ora
Listener verteilen Anfragen basierend auf CPU-Last
•
–
PMON Prozess meldet den Listenern die Knotenauslastung
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y
y
Client-Side
–
–
–
Connection Levelling
Multiple ADDRESSes
LOADBALANCE=ON
Random profile
.
.
Simple
Effective
Configuration Changes
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y
Server-Side
Load Levelling
REMOTE_LISTENER
PMON updates load info
Listener redirects
connections
–
–
–
1HW]ZHUN
&OLHQW
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-
Simple
Effective
Configuration Changes
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y
PMON dynamically registers the services to
the specified listeners with:
–
–
–
–
service names for each running
instance of the database
instance names of the database
service handlers (dispatchers and dedicated
servers) available for each instance
dispatcher, instance, and node load information
y 1-Minute OS Node Load Average all 30 secs.
y Number of Connections to Each Instance
y Number of Connections to Each Dispatcher
Page 7
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y
Depending on the load information, a listener decides which instance
and, if shared server is configured, which dispatcher to send the
incoming client request to.
y
In a shared server configuration, a listener selects a dispatcher in the
following order: 1) least loaded node, 2) least loaded instance, and 3)
least loaded dispatcher for that instance.
y
In a dedicated server configuration, a listener selects an instance in
the following order: 1) least loaded node, and 2) least loaded
instance.
y
An Oracle9i Real Application Clusters environment requires that the
dispatchers on each instance be cross registered with the other
listeners on the other nodes. This is achieved by the use of the
LISTENER attribute of the DISPATCHERS parameter.
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SERVICE_NAMES = <6(59,&(B1$0(>
(defaults to DB_NAME.DB_DOMAIN)
INSTANCE_NAME = <,167$1&(B1$0(>
LOCAL_LISTENER = <L/,67(1(5B$/,$6>
REMOTE_LISTENER = <5/,67(1(5B$/,$6>
(automatically configured by DBCA)
optional:
y dispatchers= “(PROTOCOL=TCP)
(SERVICE= <6(59,&(B1$0(>
(LISTENER = <DLISTENER_ALIAS>"
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LISTENERS_RAC.ORACLE.COM =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = stdemo06)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = stdemo07)(PORT = 1521))
)
LISTENER_RAC11.ORACLE.COM =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = stdemo06)(PORT = 1521))
LISTENER_RAC12.ORACLE.COM =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = stdemo07)(PORT = 1521))
Page 9
([DPSOH RIOVQUFWOVHUYLFHVRXWSXW
$ lsnrctl services
LSNRCTL for HPUX: Version 9.0.1.2.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2002 12:36:19
Copyright (c) 1991, 2001, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
Services Summary...
Service "rac" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "rac1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...
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Handler(s):
"D001" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:2026 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: rac-node1, pid: 2157>
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=racnode1)(PORT=60150))(PRESENTATION=oracle.aurora.server.GiopServer)(SESSION=RAW))
Instance "rac2", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"D001" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:2026 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: rac-node2, pid: 18132>
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=racnode2)(PORT=65052))(PRESENTATION=oracle.aurora.server.GiopServer)(SESSION=RAW))
C DEDFAG HI ED6CJLKMAN OPQK RJS8T n'VAJX YK JS8T U4KMANM J8T VAJNASAZ
dA]G Hd9^ E[A`E[
The command completed successfully
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Page 10
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y
y
Connect time failover is not the same as
the Transparent Application Failover
Implement connect time failover:
–
y
Failover = on
Connect-time failover is turned on by default
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Find a Listener:
1.
2.
3.
9
•
•
Listening?
Service available?
Instance available?
Connected!
Any Client
Always Useful
Page 11
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TYPE=SESSION, METHOD=BASIC (Login Failover)
–
y
TYPE=SELECT (Statement Failover)
–
–
–
y
Client is automatically logged into surviving node of cluster
Node failure occurs during query
Client fails over to a surviving node and is logged in
Query replayed on surviving node but only rows not
returned during the original query execution are returned
METHOD=PRECONNECT (“Fast” Session Failover)
–
–
Client connected to two instances at session establishment
Avoid impact of “login storm” during failover to surviving node
in Real Applications Cluster or Oracle Parallel Server
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(BUG 4449641 & BUG 4487927)
Page 13
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JDBC / OCI connect
Employee.java example ….
DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:oracle:thin:scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(LOAD_BALANCE=on)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(H
OST=venus.de.oracle.com)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=mars.de.oracle.com)(P
ORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=V92M.linux)))");
Or
DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:oracle:thin:scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(LOAD_BALANCE=on)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(H
OST=venus.de.oracle.com)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=mars.de.oracle.com)(P
ORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=V92M.linux)(FAILOVER_MODE=(TYPE=select)
(METHOD=basic)(RETRIES=20)(DELAY=5)))");
y
Examples are in $ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/demo/samples/jdbcoci
$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/demo/samples/generic
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ANZAHLUSER
---------1
1
MACHINE
INSTANCE# FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_M
----------------------- --------- ------------- ---------sturachh1
1 NONE
NONE
DE-ORACLE\mmichale-lap
1 SELECT
BASIC
FAI
--NO
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2 SELECT
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YES
Page 14
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y
Insert(beendet)-Crash-SQL
Æ ORA-25402 transaction must rollback
y
SELECT(beendet)-Crash-SQL
Æ SELECT wird übernommen
y
SELECT (warten)-CRASH
Æ TAF funktioniert nur, bei ENABLE=BROKEN
und entsprechen eingestelltem TCP KeepAlive!
Page 15
1HWZRUNLQJ 3DUDPHWHU
y
y
Zeit vom letzten Paket bis ein Testpaket versendet wird
–
tcp_keepalive_time (Linux)
–
KeepAliveTime (Windows)
–
tcp_keepalive_interval (Solaris)
Anzahl der Testpakete
–
tcp_keepalive_probes (linux)
–
MaxDataRetries (Windows)
–
y
tcp_ip_abort_interval (Solaris, aber hier Zeitraum, nicht Anzahl)
Zeitlicher Abstand zwischen den Probes
–
tcp_keepalive_intvl (Linux)
–
KeepAliveInterval (Windows)
–
tcp_rexmit_interval_max (Solaris)
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y
y
y
y
y
Never change it without understanding it
tcp_keepalive_interval
tcp_ip_abort_cinterval
Enable=broken in tnsnames.ora
No need to set starting with 10g – Oracle RAC VIP
implementation is the solution
Page 16
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Service Registration
Instance Registration
Page 17
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y
y
y
y
Folgende Fehler können generell trotz TAF auftreten – Lösung „rollback“
ORA-25401: cannot continue fetches
ORA-25402: transaction must roll back
ORA-25405: trx status unknown (bug 2109927)
ORA-25408: cannot safely reply call
y
Folgende Fehler sind selten (vor allem im RAC), können aber auftreten.
TAF deckt sie nicht ab und steigt aus – Lösung häufig (RE-)Konfiguration:
ORA-01014: Oracle shutdown in progress
ORA-01017: Invalid username / password
ORA-01033: Oracle initialisation or shutdown in progress
ORA-01089: immediate shutdown in progress – no operations
ORA-01090: shutdown in progress – connection not permitted
ORA-01092: Instance Terminated; Diconnection forced
y
Bei folgendem Fehler Konfiguration kritisch überprüfen - ggf. Support
ORA-03113: eoF on communication channel
y
y
y
y
y
Page 18
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y
Optional:
–
OCI Callbacks
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Neu mit Oracle Database 10T :
– Oracle Automatic StorageManagement (ASM)
– Oracle portable Clusterware
– Der Datenbank-Service-Gedanke
– einheitliche Verwaltung mit dem
Oracle Enterprise Manager (EM)
Oracle ASM
3XEOLF/$1$XVIDOO± GLH7$)+HUDXVIRUGHUXQJ
y
Public LAN Ausfall Probleme:
–
–
–
y
Server 2
Verbundene Clients werden gestoppt – TAF
Keine neuen Verbindungen möglich – TAF
Erkennung des Verbindungsabbruchs – TCP
Mögliche Lösungen:
–
–
y
Server 1
Redundante LAN Verbindungen (SI / RAC)
Ausfall eines Knotens wird toleriert (RAC)
Erkennung des Verbindungsabbruchs:
–
Oracle 9i / 10g: Setzen der TCP Parameter
(vgl. Metalink Note 13393.1 & 249213.1)
–
Ab Oracle 10g neue SQLNet Parameter
–
Speziell 10g RAC: VIPs
*
*
'DWD
$=
(vgl. Metalink Note 249213.1)
San 1
San 2
Page 21
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140.84.20.02
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140.84.20.04
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Virtuelle IP Adressen
Instanzen
ONS
Prozesse
Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS)
HA Framework
Oracle Cluster Synchronisation Services (CSS)
Basis für Inter-prozess & -Knoten-Operationen, Node Monitoring & Membership, Client-Dienste
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FAN = neues Oracle 10g RAC High Availability Feature
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y
Technisch: Vermeidung von Ausfallzeiten z.B. wg. TimeOuts
y
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– :HLWHUHQWZLFNOXQJ der Net-Service-Namen
Page 23
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(METHOD = BASIC)
(RETRIES = 35)
(DELAY = 5)
Virtuelle IP-Adressen oder
)
entsprechende Hostnamen
)
)
Page 24
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$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_stat –t
HA Resource
----------ora.RAC.RAC.RAC1.srv
ora.RAC.RAC.RAC2.srv
ora.RAC.RAC.RAC3.srv
ora.RAC.RAC.RAC4.srv
ora.RAC.RAC.cs
ora.RAC.RAC1.inst
ora.RAC.RAC2.inst
ora.RAC.RAC3.inst
ora.RAC.RAC4.inst
Target
-----ONLINE
ONLINE
ONLINE
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$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl status service -d RAWRAC -s LOAD1,LOAD2,LOAD3,LOAD4
Service
Service
Service
Service
LOAD1
LOAD2
LOAD3
LOAD4
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RAWRAC2,
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Mittels Load Balancing Advisory kann
Workload über einen RAC-Cluster
verteilt werden.
y
Ziel ist es, eingehenden Workload
auf den Knoten zu lenken, auf dem der
adressierte Service gut reagiert.
y
Ziel ist es ferner, Workload nicht zu
hängenden Knoten zu senden.
y
Ferner berücksichtigt das Load
Balancing Advisory ungleiche
Knotenstrukturen sowie Prioritäten
!
Page 26
2UDFOHJ /RDG%DODQFLQJ$GYLVRU\
=LHO*RDOVSUR6HUYLFH
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Für das Load Balancing Advisory
können GOALs vereinbart werden.
Goals beschreiben, nach welchen
Maßstäben der Connection Pool
Workload an einen Service auf einer
bestimmten Instance zuweisen soll:
–
–
–
y
THROUGHPUT
SERVICE_TIME
NONE
Das Workload Respository muss nicht
verwendet werden (Setting NONE)
!
CRM_DB
2UDFOHJ 5XQWLPH/RDGEDODQFLQJ
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+++ Instance down
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Client
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Server / RAC Knoten
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Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS)
HA Framework
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y
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Der implizite Connection Cache registriert sich am ONS
Damit werden automatisch FAN-Events empfangen
Auf ein „(Service) DOWN“-Event reagiert der Connection Pool mit:
Terminierung bestehender Connections gegen den Service
Folge: Applikation bekommt unmittelbar einen ORACLE Fehler
Connection Pool leitet neu eingehende Connections um
Bereits erfolgte Connections werden nach den Vorgaben des
Load Balancing Advisory umverteilt, wenn Services verfügbar
–
–
–
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TAF
FAN mit FCF
Klassische Failover Absicherung
TAF-eigene Fehlermeldungen
Voraussetzung: OCI-Zugriff
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Aktiver
™ š
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Failover Absicherung
Workload Absicherung
ORACLE-Fehlermeldungen
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TAF und FAN schließen sich
für eine Datenbankverbindung
bzw. für denselben Service aus
Ä Z Z˜ œ
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Page 29
5$&XQG&56,QWHUQHW6HPLQDUH
RAC und Oracle CRS Teil 1 –
Release 2 stellt sich vor
http://www.oracle.com/global/de/download/2005_09_07_R
AC_und_CRS_Teil_1_Markus_Michalewicz.zip
RAC und Oracle CRS Teil 2 –
Installation und Konfiguration
http://www.oracle.com/global/de/download/2005_10_05_R
AC_und_CRS_Teil_2_Markus_Michalewicz.zip
RAC und Oracle CRS Teil 3 –
Die Oracle HA-API
http://www.oracle.com/global/de/download/2005_11_14_R
AC_und_CRS_Teil_3_Markus_Michalewicz.zip
RAC und Oracle CRS Teil 4 –
TAF, FAN und hochverfügbare Anwendungen
http://www.oracle.com/global/de/download/2005_11_30_R
AC_und_CRS_Teil_4_Markus_Michalewicz.zip
Page 30