energy natural gas water

energy
natural gas
water
Estado actual y perspectivas de la situación
energética-industrial en Colombia y las posibilidades
para la Cooperación Internacional en el sector
Fact-finding mission Renewable Energies Export
Initiative of the German Federal Ministry for Economic
Affairs and Energy “Off-grid Colombia“
Juan Fernando Higuita Peña
Múnich, 1 de julio de 2014
Agenda
1. Characteristics of Colombia’s electricity sector
2. Supply side
•
•
Current situation and expansion plan
Electricity prices and Tariff scheme
3. Demand side
•
•
•
Current situation and energy forecast
Industrial sector
Energy efficiency
4. Renewable Energy Law
•
Renewable energy targets
5. Opportunities for International Cooperation
Colombian electricity system
Installed capacity
14,559 MW
Export: 662,3
GWh/year
International
Electricity
Transactions
Import: 28,5 GWh/year
Transmission
24,309 KM
Operators
Generating
companies
43
Transmission
companies
9
Distribution
companies
29
Commercialization
companies
67
Source: XM, 2013
Colombian National Transmission System – 2011
Source. (UPME, 2012)
Colombian electricity market (cont’d)
Source: Schematic of Colombian Electricity System. Source (XM, 2013, own translation)
Supply side – current situation
2012
Resources
(MW)
2013 (MW)
Share (%)
Hydro
9,185
9,315
64.0%
Thermal
4,426
4,515
31.0%
2,122
1,972
997
997
307
307
678
917
46
46
Gas-Jet A1
276
276
Small capacity
693
662
Hydro
591
560
Thermal
83
83
Wind
18
18
Cogeneration
57
66
14,361
14,559
Gas
Coal
Number 6
fuel oil
Diesel fuel
Jet1
Total SIN
4.5%
Hydro
Thermal
Small capacity
0.5%
Total installed capacity in the National Interconnected System, December 31 st 2012 – 2013
Source: (XM, 2014)
cogeneration
Supply side – Power generation expansion plans
Name
Capacity [MW]
Type
Starting date
Amoyá
78,0
hydro
apr-13
Cucuana
60,0
hydro
oct-13
Gecelca 3
164,0
thermal
dic-13
Termocol
201,6
thermal
dic-13
Sogamoso
800,0
hydro
may-14
19,9
hydro
jun-14
El Quimbo
420,0
hydro
dic-14
San Miguel
42,0
hydro
dic-15
Ambeima
45,0
hydro
dic-15
Carlos Lleras
78,1
hydro
dic-15
Tasajero II
160,0
thermal
dic-15
Gecelca 3.2
250,0
thermal
dic-15
Termonorte
88,3
thermal
dic-17
351,8
hydro
dic-18
2.400,0
hydro
jul-22
El Popal
Porvenir II
Ituango
83.3% Hydro
16.7% Thermal
Source: (UPME, Plan de expansión de referencia Generación- Transmisión 2013-2027, 2013)
Tariff scheme
CUvn,m,i,j = [(Gm,i,j + Tm + Dn,m + Cv m,i,j + PRn,m,i,j + R m,i)
32%
Generation cost
7%
Transmission (STN)
37%
Distribution (STR & SDL)
13%
7%
Variable trading cost
Recognized losses
4%
Restrictions
Components of the regulated tariff, current tariff formula, CREG resolution 119 of 2007. Source: adapted
from (Santa María, et al., 2009)
8
Categories for users
Category
percentage
Social stratum 1
subsidized
60%
Social stratum 2
subsidized
50%
Social stratum 3
subsidized
15%
Social stratum 4
neutral
Social stratum 5 and 6
Pay contribution
Industry
total consumption
Commerce
Pay contribution
Public buildings
total consumption
Subsidies:
m.a.s.l: 1000m or above
m.a.s.l: below 1000m
20%
20%
0-130 kWh
0-173 kWh
9
Average household electricity consumption
Source. (Vélez Álvarez, April 2014)
Subsidies:
m.a.s.l: 1000m or above
m.a.s.l: below 1000m
0-130 kWh
0-173 kWh
Electricity prices: Spot market and
contracts
Source. (XM, 2013b)
1 US$: 1,900 COP
1 EUR: 2,500 COP
11
Demand side – current situation
60.000
50.000
45.768 47.017
48.829
50.815
52.853 53.870
54.679
56.236 57.150
59.366
GWh- año
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Annual evolution of electricity demand
Source: (UPME, Plan de expansión de referencia Generación- Transmisión 2013-2027, 2013)
Demand side – Energy forecast (GWh)
Source: (UPME, Proyección de demanda de energía eléctrica en Colombia, 2014)
Demand side – Peak load (MW)
Source: (UPME, Proyección de demanda de energía eléctrica en Colombia, 2014)
Demand side – electricity consumption per capita
Source: (UPME, Proyección de demanda de energía eléctrica en Colombia, marzo 2014)
Industry – energy demand
Source: (UPME, Proyección de demanda de energía eléctrica en Colombia, 2014)
Industry – tariff
Source: (Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-Firjan, 2014)
1 USD = 2.25BRL ; 1 EUR = 3.1019 BRL (Average 12 months, Exchange Rates UK)
Energy efficiency – PROURE 2010-2015
Strategic Subprograms
SPE-1 Institutional Strengthening
SPE-2 Education, R+D+I, Knowledge management
SPE-3 Financial strategy and Boosting market
SPE-4 Consumer protection and Right to information
SPE-5 Monitoring indicators and targets
SPE-6 Promotion of the use of Non-Conventional Energy Sources
Residential
Industrial
Commerce, Services
and Public sector
Transport
Lighting
Refrigeration
Burners
Buildings
Motors
Lighting
Boilers
Combustion
Cogeneration
Energy management
SME’s
Cold chain
Lighting
Refrigeration
Air conditioning
Buildings
Street Lighting
Conversion
technology
Transport modes
Good practices
Industry – energy efficiency
Industrial sector
Subprogram
Objective
Optimizing energy use in driving force
Promote the replacement of existing motors by high-efficiency
motors.
14.000 kW >> 6 million USD
Optimization of combustion processes
Promote the use of waste heat generated in combustion processes.
Training programs and applied research >> 500.000 USD
Efficient lighting
Replacement of lights in the near 500 industries >> 5 million USD
Comprehensive management of energy
in industries with emphasis on cleaner
production
Promote standardization and renovation of electrical grids and
overall minimization of energy losses.
500 enterprises >> 35 milion USD
Cogeneration and self-generation
Develop training programs, applied research and development of
standards >> 15 million USD
Rational and efficient use of energy in
Small and Medium Enterprises – SMEs
Promote capacity building in energy management; technological
innovation; develop credit lines for project financing >> 15 million
USD
Optimization of the use of boilers
Promote good operational practices aimed at better use of boilers or
technological conversion >> 30 million USD
Optimization of the cold chain
Strengthen education on sizing, operation and maintenance of air
conditioning systems and refrigeration >> 1 million USD
Source: (UPME, May 2010, own translation)
Renewable Energy Act – 1715, 2014
o Object:
-
Promotion and development of non-conventional energy sources (mainly
renewable energy sources) in the national energy system, by integrating
them to the electricity market.
o Purpose:
-
To establish the legal framework and instruments for the promotion of nonconventional energy sources.
-
Establish lines of action for the fulfillment of the commitments undertaken
by Colombia on renewable energy, energy efficiency management and
reduction of GHG emissions.
-
Encouraging investment, research and development of clean technologies
for energy production, energy efficiency and demand response
Renewable Energy Act – 1715 (cont’d)
- Non-Conventional Energy and Energy Efficiency
Management Fund (FENOGE)
This Fund aims to finance programs designed for residential sector levels 1, 2
and 3 and for the implementation of self-generation solutions and energy
efficiency improvement projects, studies and energy audits. The Fund will be
ruled by the Ministry of Mines and Energy- MME.
- Reduction of diesel consumption in ZNI by
promotion of hybrid solutions
Renewable Energy Act – 1715 (cont’d)
Price instruments
Fiscal incentives
Reduction in income tax
Reduction in VAT
Customs duty exemption
Acelerated depreciation of assets
Guaranteed acces to the grid
Net-metering (bi-directional meters)
Renewable energy targets
Share of FNCE in the National grid and off-grid systems
Year
Off-grid
Grid connected
2015
20%
3.5%
2020
30%
6.5%
Source: (UPME, 2010, p. 10)
Opportunities for International Cooperation
1.
Promote the development of public-private partnership (PPP)
programs.
2.
Identify Colombian companies, which are interested in setting up joint
ventures.
3.
Take advantage of the off-grid areas (ZNI) to develop small and medium
pilot projects to supply the energy needs of communities and/or
industries that are making use of fossil fuels for electricity generation.
4.
Develop suitable business models of mutual advantages for utility
companies and rural/urban communities.
Opportunities for International Cooperation
1. Case 1: Rural electrification in “Vigía del Fuerte and Bojayá”
2. Case 2: Thermal district “La Alpujarra”
3. Case 3: Urban solid waste management. “Environmental
park”
Rural electrification: Vigia del Fuerte & Bojayá
- Hybrid system:
solar + diesel +
battery system
- 10 million USD
- International cooperation
programs
- National funds
Thermal district
28
Environmental Park
Contexto Proyecto Parque Ambiental en la gestión integral de residuos sólidos
Componente 1
Estación de transferencia
Recolección y
transporte
Generación y
gestión en la
fuente
Transferencia,
tratamiento y
aprovechamiento
EDS
Disposición
final
Reincorporación
de subproductos a
la cadena
Tecnologías de conversión biológica y
química
Compostaje, digestión anaeróbica, codigestión, hidrólisis , fermentación, otros
Tecnologías de conversión térmica
Incineración, pirolisis, gasificación, RDF,
desactivación, otros
Tecnologías de clasificación y conversión
mecánica
Plantas de clasificación de materiales
Cadena de valor servicios de aseo - visión de
futuro gestión integral residuos
Tecnologías de conversión Mecánicobiológicos/químicos
Combinación de tratamientos
Componente 2
Viabilización de negocios
valorización de residuos sólidos
References
o
EPM. (2013). Centro de documentos. Tarifas de energía de años anteriores. Retrieved June 8, 2013, from EPM website:
http://www.epm.com.co/site/Home/Centrodedocumentos/Clientesyusuarios/Energ%C3%ADa/Tarifasdeenerg%C3%ADa.aspx
o
Firjan (2014). Compare o custo da energia para indústria. Ranking: Países, Ranking de tarifa média industrial de energia elétrica, em R$/MWh, dos países
selecionados. Retrieved 2014-31-May from http://www.quantocustaenergia.com.br/quantocusta/comparacoes/confira-os-rankings/paises/ranking-paisesquanto-custa-a-energia-eletrica-para-a-industria-no-brasil-sistema-firjan.htm
o
Ley 1715 (2014, 13 de mayo). Por medio de la cual se regula la integración de las energías renovables no convencionales al sistema energético nacional.
Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
o
Santa María, M., Von Der Fehr, N.-H., Millán, J., Benavides, J., Gracia, O., & Schutt, E. (2009). El mercado de la energía eléctrica en Colombia:
características, evolución e impacto sobre otros sectores. Fedesarrollo. Bogotá D.C: La Imprenta Editores Ltda.
o
UPME. (2010). Programa de uso racional y eficiente de energía y fuentes no convencionales – PROURE. Plan de acción indicativo 2010-2015, resumen
ejecutivo. Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética - UPME. Bogotá, D.C: Ministerio de Minas y Energía.
o
UPME. (2012). Plan de Expansión de Referencia Generación Transmisión 2012-2025. Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética - UPME. Bogotá D.C:
Ministerio de Minas y Energía.
o
UPME. (2013). Plan de Expansión de Referencia Generación Transmisión 2013-2027. Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética - UPME. Bogotá D.C:
Ministerio de Minas y Energía.
o
UPME. (2014). Proyección de demanda de energía eléctrica en Colombia – Revisión marzo de 2014- UPME. Bogotá, D.C: Ministerio de Minas y Energía.
o
Vélez Álvarez, Luis G. (2014). Sobre el consumo de subsistencia en la tarificación de los servicios públicos domiciliarios. Retrieved 2014-31-May from XM:
http://luisguillermovelezalvarez.blogspot.de/2014/04/sobre-el-consumo-de-subsistencia-en-la.html
o
XM. (2013). Descripción del Sistema Eléctrico Colombiano. Estructura del mercado. Retrieved 2014-31-May from XM:
http://www.xm.com.co/pages/descripciondelsistemaelectricocolombiano.aspx
o
XM. (2013b). Informe de operación del SIN y administración del mercado. Retrieved 2014-31-May from XM:
http://informesanuales.xm.com.co/2013/SitePages/operacion/Default.aspx
o
XM. (2014). Informe de operación del SIN y administración del mercado. Capacidad efectiva neta. Retrieved 2014-31-May from XM:
http://informesanuales.xm.com.co/2013/SitePages/operacion/2-6-Capacidad-efectiva-neta.aspx
Thank you
Juan Fernando Higuita Peña
Development & Innovation Department
Phone : (+57) 4 3804836
Email: [email protected]
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