Kalzium

Kalzium:
Schalter für Veränderungen im Gehirn
Hilmar Bading
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Calcium indicator Fluo 3
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Hippocampal neurons on MEA
Imaging of Nuclear Calcium Signals
in a Network of Hippocampal Neurons
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Bursts of Action Potentials
Kalzium
Woher kommt es?
Wohin geht es?
Was macht es?
Kalzium
Woher kommt es?
Wohin geht es?
Was macht es?
from Michael Berridge
Kalzium
Woher kommt es?
Wohin geht es?
Was macht es?
from Michael Berridge
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Kalzium
Woher kommt es?
Wohin geht es?
Was macht es?
from Michael Berridge
How many neurons are in the brain?
… a million million
1 000 000 000 000
How many connections?
each neuron can have thousands of connections
Estimated total...
1 000 000 000 000 000
N
N
N
N
N
N
vorher
Stimulation
N
N
nachher
post-stimulation
N
N
A model for synapse strengthening
Kalzium
Was macht es:
Veränderungen synaptischer Verbindungen
in neuronalen Netzwerken
Kalzium
Was macht es:
Veränderungen synaptischer Verbindungen
in neuronalen Netzwerken
Wie macht Kalzium das?
Calmodulin: Principal Calcium Sensor
Calmodulin: Principal Calcium Sensor
Target proteins
(such as CaM Kinases)
A model for synapse strengthening
Synapse
Nucleus
GeneChip® Probe Arrays
Hybridization and Staining
Probe Array
Hybridized Array
Detect
Tagged RNA Target
Fluorescent
Stain
Viele Gene verändern ihre Expression
1) Increase in synaptic efficacy
1) Increase in synaptic efficacy
2) Activation of synapse-to-nucleus communication
Synapse
Nucleus
Gene Transcription
1) Increase in synaptic efficacy
2) Activation of synapse-to-nucleus communication
Synapse
Nucleus
Gene Transcription
required to maintain
increased synaptic efficacy
Kalzium:
Schalter für Veränderungen im Gehirn
Protein-based Calcium Indicator