Final Report

Transcription

Final Report

Final Report
& Ministerial Conference
17-22 March 2000
The Hague
From Vision to Action
World Water Council
Conseil mondial de l’eau
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Committees
International Steering Committee
Mahmoud Abu-Zeid (Chairman)
Mohamed Ait-Kadi
Benedito Braga
Khalid Mohtadullah
Jamil Al-Alawi
Eveline Herfkens
Aly Shady
Bert Diphoorn
Thijs van Praag
Bill Cosgrove
1 His Royal Highness
The Prince of Orange
World Water Council
World Water Council
International Water Resources Association
Global Water Partnership
World Water Council
Dutch Minister for Development Co-operation
World Water Council
Chairman Organising Committee, ex officio
Project Secretariat Forum, ex officio
Vision Management Unit, ex officio
National Steering Committee
Koos Richelle (Chairman)
His Royal Highness The Prince of Orange
Kees Zoeteman
Bert Keijts
Johan de Leeuw
Hans van der Laan
Bert Diphoorn
Leo van Maare
Thijs van Praag (Secretary)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Chairman Second World Water Forum
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment
Ministry of Transport, Public Works & Water Management
Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Chairman Organising Committee
Chairman Task Force Ministerial Conference
Project Secretariat Forum
Organising Committee
Bert Diphoorn (Chairman)
Ger Ardon
Jan Bouwhuis
Aalt Leusink
Els de Wit
Henk Vreeswijk
Wil Segeren
Thijs van Praag (Secretary)
Frank Rijsberman
Khalid Mohtadullah
NEDECO, Netherlands Engineering Consultants
Netherlands Water Partnership
Project Secretariat Forum
Vision Management Unit, ex officio
Global Water Partnership, ex officio
Task Force Ministerial Conference
Leo van Maare (Chairman)
Michiel van der Zee
Willem Kakebeeke
Kees van Laarhoven
Dik Tromp
Els de Wit
Frits Thissen
Harry Paul
Henk Vreeswijk
Bert Diphoorn
Hans van Zijst (Secretary)
Project Secretariat
2 Thijs van Praag
3 Hans van Zijst
4 Ruud Wiersinga
5 Leo van Maare
6 Ariane Balledux
8 Koos Richelle
7 Bert Diphoorn
9 Marcel van den Heuvel
Project Secretariat
Bert Diphoorn
Project Manager
Thijs van Praag
Executive Director
Marcel van den Heuvel
Executive Officer
Hans van Zijst
Conference Manager
John Soussan
Senior Advisor
Rudolf Wiersinga
Senior Advisor
Bart Schultz
Senior Advisor
Albert Moses
Senior Advisor
Matthijs Veenendaal
Information Manager
Ariane Balledux
Spokesperson Forum
Sharon Bentum
Communications Assistant
Ruud van der Helm
Assistant Coordinator Youth/NGO
Diana Kleinjans
Communications Advisor
Herman Nieuwenhuis
Communications Advisor
Erika de Bly
Youth Coordinator
Irene Schijvens
Office Manager
Bernadette Laumans
Project Assistant
Maurice de Rooij
Project Assistant
Irene Boekhout
Financial Officer
Contents
Let Us Continue - Introduction by His Royal Highness the Prince of Orange
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Making Water Everybody's Business Introduction by Ismael Serageldin and Bill Cosgrove
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'Water' Finally Firmly on the Agenda
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The Forum Reviewed Day by Day
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Summary Report of the Second World Water Forum: From Vision to Action
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The Ministerial Conference
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Attachments to the declaration
Reports of the Thematic Sessions
Reports of the Regional Sessions
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49
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Pledges
Statements on the Declaration
Statements by representatives of Major Groups
National Statements
Other Statements
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153
Programme of the Ministerial Conference
158
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List of delegates to the Ministerial Conference
159
List and addresses of Programme Convenors
178
The Forum Participants
184
The Fair Participants
221
Glossary
230
The Forum in Figures
231
The Project Secretariat
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Dear Participant,
A few months have passed since the Second World Water Forum was held in The
Hague. A lot was set into motion during the days of the Forum and we certainly want
to do our part in maintaining that momentum.
In total, more than 5700 participants were
counted in The Hague, a figure that far
exceeded our most optimistic expectations. As
chairman of the Second World Water Forum I
would like to take this opportunity to personally express my heartfelt gratitude.
Of course it is not only numbers that made the
Forum, the Ministerial Conference and World
Water Fair such a resounding success. Our
message, that water is a crucial issue requiring
urgent attention, came through loud and clear.
On an international scale, the response has
been extremely positive. One reflection of this
fact is the extensive media coverage, including
leading editorials in prestigious publications
worldwide. In an unprecedented fashion, the
Forum emphasised the challenges, both present
and future, that must be tackled locally, nationally and internationally if we are to preserve
that most precious of resources - water.
Underlying the Second World Water Forum
was a strong commitment to openness and to
participation from as many groups as possible.
I am very pleased that so many different voices
were heard in The Hague and appreciate the
fact that critical opinions were also voiced.
The general mood was very positive and I hope
this is an indication of what we can expect for
the future. In addition to working on reports
we are also currently creating a new electronic
network that will act as a virtual platform until
the advent of the Third World Water Forum in
Japan, in 2003, where we will have another
opportunity to make water everybody’s
business. Located on the Internet at
www.worldwaterforum.net, this network will
be the ideal venue for making contacts, evaluating progress and exchanging ideas. I invite you
to use it, to channel into it the inspiration and
determination that made this Forum such an
unparalleled success.
Forum and Fair are over, but the momentum
generated will continue in many directions.
I would like to thank you once again for the
contribution you made to this event and hope it
has given you as much hope for the future as it
has us.
Yours Sincerely,
The Prince of Orange,
Chairman of the Second World Water Forum
Now the Forum is over, we must resist the
impulse to sit back and relax. Currently, people
are working hard to finish all reports, which will
also be posted on our website. Hopefully the
newly established network, renewed contacts,
pledges, and the exchange of ideas will bring us
closer to our goal - sufficient clean water for
everyone.
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Making Water
Everybody’s Business
We have come a long way. It was in March 1997 that the World Water Council
received its mandate to develop a Vision for Water, Life and the Environment in the
21st Century. The venue was the First World Water Forum in Marrakech. The
following months were spent in defining the exercise and obtaining commitments
for core financing.
The World Water Vision participatory exercise
was officially launched in Stockholm in August
1998 with approval of the work plan and
creation of the World Water Commission.
Its objectives were to develop knowledge and
raise awareness of issues among the general
population and decision-makers so as to foster
political will and leadership; develop a vision of
water management in year 2025 that was
shared by water sector specialists and civil
society and provide input to the Vision implementation strategy for which the Global Water
Partnership (GWP) would take the lead. We
knew the goal of achieving these objectives by
March 2000 was ambitious.
It was gratifying to find how quickly so many of
those we hoped would be involved made the
goal their own. However, we soon came to
realise that achieving the goal was inextricably
linked to the success of the Second World
Water Forum itself. As The Netherlands with
support from and blessing of the World Water
Council developed its plans for the “happening”
with its combination of Forum, Fair and Ministerial Conference, it became clear that no efforts
were being spared to ensure this success.
Participation at the Second World Water
Forum reached beyond those who had been
involved in the Vision exercise itself. It included
hundreds in official government delegations to
the Ministerial Conference who recognised the
importance of the effort. It included hundreds
from non-governmental organisations who had
not been involved in the exercise, through
oversight or lack of time. Different stakeholders presented many visions in dozens of
sessions.
A common strategic Vision and the Framework
for Action prepared by the Global Water Partnership were debated. Some stakeholders felt
that this Vision and Framework did not reflect
the vision they wished. However, there was
agreement that the Vision process identified
critical issues of local, regional and global
importance. Certainly awareness was raised at
all levels from the general public in much of the
world to the highest level of decision-makers.
Much information was made available on
possible strategies to achieve the vision. This
was reflected in the Ministerial Declaration
included in this volume. Those who devoted
their efforts to the Vision process - the World
Water Commission, the Vision Unit and many
professionals and stakeholders worldwide - and
the five and half thousand participants from all
corners of the world who attended the Forum,
were all committed to ending the intolerable
situation of lack of access to water and sanitation for billions of the world’s poorest, to
attenuating the continuing threats of droughts
and floods and the daily degradation of the environment. Through the participation and cooperation of thousands, we achieved results that
seemed impossible. Our challenge is to spread
the movement we have started to involve those
we neglected or simply did not have time to
reach. With them we will make progress
towards achieving our Vision that we can
report at the Third World Water Forum in
Japan. We must truly make water everybody’s
business. Together we know we can work
wonders!
William J. (Bill) Cosgrove,
Director World Water Vision Unit
Ismail Serageldin,
Chairman World Water Commission
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‘Water’ Finally
Firmly on the Agenda
The Hague, 17-22 March. It is perhaps ironic that in a country where it seems to
be raining most of the time, hardly a drop fell during the days of the Second World
Water Forum. Then again, of course, none of the more than 5700 participants
needed reminding of the importance of water. In almost 100 sessions,
representatives from all over the world discussed the urgency of the water crisis
and debated – sometimes heatedly – the steps we need to take to ensure that
there is clean, sufficient water for all of us in the future.
The Forum turned out to be a memorable
event. Never before, as His Royal Highness the
Prince of Orange remarked, has the world seen
such a large gathering of water specialists,
concerned citizens, politicians and representatives of organisations. ‘The Hague 2000’ started
out with a strong commitment to openness and
participation from as many groups as possible.
As if to prove that this commitment was more
than idle words, critical voices were indeed
heard at the Forum, right from its very start.
Activists briefly interrupted the opening
ceremony, calling for a stop to the Itoiz dam
project in Spain, which inspired the Forum
Chairman to make an impromptu intervention.
Privatisation of water - or, more precisely, the
issue of public/private partnerships - received a
lot of attention during the Forum and in the
press. Water as a basic human right was
another ‘hot’ topic.
The sometimes heated debates proved that
water has an emotional value for many of us.
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But it wasn’t only in words that an emotional
bond with water was expressed. Starting with
the opening ceremony and continuing from
there, music, dance and artistic impressions of
water very much coloured the ambience of the
meeting. They proved perfect ingredients for
turning the Forum into a very lively, if not at
times downright festive, event. At the beginning
of the Forum, His Royal Highness the Prince of
Orange called on all participants to make sure
that this would truly be the start of a real water
movement, and prove wrong those critics
charging that money spent on the meeting was
not being used effectively. If our indications are
correct, his words have been heard loud and
clear. The following pages capture some of the
highlights of the Forum. Obviously, given the
limits of this publication, what follows can be no
more than a brief, and of course subjective,
overview. For more detailed reports, please
visit the Forum website at
www.worldwaterforum.net.
aily Ritual
Everyday between noon and two the same ritual occurred. Thousands of participants, often still
animatedly debating, made their way to the restaurant to check out that day’s culinary interpretation of a particular continent.
Of course, the Day of the Americas featured
hamburgers and Asia Day obviously offered
delicious dishes with rice. While the logistics of
such an immense ‘food operation’ are quite fascinating in themselves, the spontaneous interactions
that took place during lunch were the real eye-
opener. It was not unusual to find six nationalities
sitting at one table. Quite often these unofficial
get-togethers ended in an exchange of business
cards and further strengthening of an already
impressive world-water-network. Needless to say,
the beverage served was water.
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The Forum Reviewed
Day by Day
Thursday, 16 March
On the day before the official start of the
Forum, thousands of participants arrived to
register in person. The presence of participants
from all parts of the world emphasised right
from the start that this event would be a truly
global affair. This day was also marked by the
official opening of the World Water Fair. Dutch
Minister of Economic Affairs, Mrs. Jorritsma,
performed the symbolic gesture in the company
of His Royal Highness the Prince of Orange. and
W ater Art
There were mermaids swaying through the
Dr. Abu-Zeid, President of the World Water
Council. As she pushed a button, water
fountains all over the city of The Hague sprang
to life, and later on several works of art, all
inspired by the concept of water, were
revealed. His Royal Highness the Prince of
Orange then took over, officially inaugurating
the spectacular stand of The Netherlands
Water Partnership.
At the World Water Fair, more than 120 organisations and corporations presented their
commitment to water issues. The large majority
of these stands were international, showing an
exceptional combination of involvement of
governments, private enterprises and grassroots organisations. The Fair registered 32,500
visits during the course of the Forum.
dining hall, ballet dancers dressed in blue
water ‘dresses’ and women pretending to
wash clothing in between conference
sessions. The Second World Water Forum was
no ordinary conference. Right from the spectacular opening ceremony it was clear that
‘water’ would not only be contemplated in
purely rational terms.
Water, a basic necessity for all life on earth,
brings out strong emotions in people. Dutch
theatre company ‘De Kazerne’ creatively used this
to entertain and elicit smiles from the Forum
participants. Certainly the singing lady who
greeted Forum participants in the morning
succeeded in making people smile, asking them to
pour water in her ‘water dress’. The men in
swimming trunks ‘taking a shower’ on the main
staircase met with curious stares, as well as loud
laughter. And there were poignant moments too.
Iris Lammertsma, artistic coordinator of De
Kazerne, was pleasantly surprised to hear that
people had tears in their eyes during the
company’s inaugural performance with Female
Factory. What better compliment could there
have been?
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The Forum started out with 3500 participants,
a number that eventually swelled to 5700, and
attracted more than 600 journalists, approximately 100 of whom were from developing
countries. The Forum organisation also
sponsored about 400 non-traditional participants from the South, particularly women and
NGO representatives – groups that are usually
not well-represented at similar meetings. The
unusual diversity of people, from water experts
and representatives of grassroots movements
to government officials and youth and indigenous groups, led to very lively debates in the
working groups. Here are some of the highlights, Day by Day.
Friday, 17 March
Europe Day
The Opening Ceremony
After months of hard work, involving thousands
of people, the Forum finally was ready to be
launched. The opening ceremony set the right
tone with a spectacular performance by Female
Factory, a music group consisting of 14 women
from all over the world. Female Factory
performed against a backdrop of an enormous
video screen and, of course, a décor featuring
plenty of water. The screen showed people
from across the globe using water, alternated
with alarming images of the current water
crisis. In his opening speech Dr. Mahmoud AbuZeid, President of the World Water Council,
announced the establishment of a new award,
the King Hassan II World Water Memorial
Prize and listed actions for the World Water
Vision to Action programme. His Royal
Highness the Prince of Orange, the Forum
Chairman, recalled the process through which
the World Water Vision was developed: open,
transparent and participatory, with 15,000
people being involved over a 15 month period.
Then it was time to get down to business and
start the ‘real work’.
Friday also saw the opening of the special film
programme presented by IDFA, the International Documentary Festival of Amsterdam.
Several documentaries related to water issues
were screened every day – just one part of the
colourful cultural programme accompanying
the Forum’s daily sessions.
Disturbing news from Russia, surprising
conclusions about ‘Water and Conflicts’
The first day of the Forum focused on Europe,
with sessions on the Rhine Basin, the Mediterranean countries, Central/Eastern Europe and
Russia. In Russia the water crisis is not
‘looming’ – it is going on right now. Russia has
ample water resources, but the transitional
period after the collapse of the Soviet Union
has led to a situation where half the population
does not have access to safe drinking water.
Experts estimate that 25% of all drinking water
is now lost due to badly maintained water
supply systems. One of the disillusioning
conclusions of this session was that the real
trigger for change will probably have to wait
until an even greater deterioration in health
occurs among the population. Immediate
action, supported by law, should be taken to
protect ecosystems of outstanding value and
quality.
In the Major Group Sessions, Dutch NGO
SIMAVI granted its US$ 100,000 jubilee award
to the Pazhakullam Social Services Society
(PASS) of Kerala, India. One PASS aim is to
support the poor, often landless, local neighbourhood communities living in the foothills of
Kerala. ‘Water and Gender’ posed the question
‘How do gender and gender equality relate to
integrated water resource
management?’, which proved
to be the recurrent theme of
the day. The session included
a presentation on the Traditional Irrigation Project in
Tanzania, in which a balanced
perspective on gender has
been put into practice.
In the Special Subject
Sessions, the Water &
Conflict Session concluded,
surprisingly, that despite
warnings from various
quarters that this century
may see wars over water,
this is a very unlikely
prospect. “Wars are never
about one issue, they are
about politics, economics
and social issues”, said Peter
Gleick. However, he added:
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“There is a need for increased co-operation in
shared river basins, and more attention for
regional and local conflicts.”
The Chairman expressed his satisfaction after
the first day as follows: “The numbers of the
people participating and the interest of the
media for the event must help increase the
worldwide awareness of the water crisis. That
is already one of our important objectives that
has been satisfied.”
Saturday, 18 March
Africa/Middle East Day
‘Water, water everywhere, but not a
drop to drink’ – S.T. Coleridge
That, in short, was one of the issues discussed
at the Africa Caucus presentation. Other issues
included the improvement of sanitation, irrigation and hydropower projects and the facilitating and co-ordinating role that the African
Development Bank Group can play in the water
management process. At present, 14 African
countries experience serious water scarcity,
and this number is expected to rise significantly.
Social and environmental factors have to be
taken into account, and there is need for an
effective water-use programme. The supply of
Another element that made the
Second World Water Forum
special was the Fair. The Fair
proved to be an excellent venue
for establishing new contacts,
renewing existing ones, socialising
and being entertained in a
meaningful way. It was also noted
that the Fair attracted many
visitors from the general public,
which again shows that water is
not an issue for specialists and
politicians alone.
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water in most African countries today is
dependant on rainfall. Too much or too little
rainfall can have devastating effects. Better
water management and the development of
water resources in Africa are essential for
economic, social and environmental growth.
On an upbeat note, participants reported that
public awareness has grown in recent years,
which has resulted in the development of public
and private partnerships.
In the Major Group Session, Dutch Minister for
the Environment Jan Pronk gave the NGO panel
opening speech. He stressed the necessity of
co-operation between countries. In many
countries, polluted water poses a serious
problem, and businesses and individual
polluters must be held responsible. Later an
NGO coalition put out a press release calling
the World Water Commission report a
‘rephrasing of tired orthodoxies’, under the
heading ‘Commission Report: Old Water in a
New Bottle’.
Privatisation of water resources, or the
perceived threat related to it, was at the very
heart of the discussions at the Forum. Although
there seems to be general agreement that
water should no longer be the exclusive
business of governments and water professionals, there is less unanimity about what
model should replace governmental monopoly.
Charging the full cost price for water services,
with appropriate subsidies for the poor, is a key
recommendation of the Vision, which many –
though certainly not all– of the participants
supported. In a session about a Vision for WestAfrica however, participants agreed that unreliability of supplies is a greater problem than the
price of services. ‘Users are generally willing to
pay the price of water, if they can, because they
do recognise its vital importance’ stated the
Chairman in his first report to the Ministerial
Conference.
Sunday, 19 March
Asia Day
“In South Asia 300 million people have
no safe drinking water and 920 million
people have no sanitation. There is
hardly any clean water available in the
cities.”
This outcry came from Mr. Rames Bhatia, who
claimed that the main problem in South Asia is
not water itself, but the money to obtain safe
water. He warned that by 2025, the shortage of
money for investments in Asian water projects
would be catastrophic. He signalled a shift
worldwide from government funding of water
projects toward greater participation by private
sector and user groups. Asia needs more investment, however, in addition to awareness among
the public on all water issues, Mr. Bhatia warned.
The Multilateral Working Group on Water
Resources of the Middle East Peace Process
proved that water need not be a source of
conflict. On the contrary, water can and should
be a source of co-operation. By creating a
positive dynamic, the group has produced
tangible results in relation to common water
problems. ‘The success of the multilateral
working group approach should serve as a
O
beacon to the rest of the world on what can be
accomplished by working co-operatively on a
regional level,’ the Forum’s Chairman
commented on this remarkable session.
H.M. Queen Noor of Jordan stressed that,
although lack of water will become a major
source of political tension and conflict,
equitable resolution of disputes over resources
can help promote wider peace. Queen Noor’s
powerful speech was an introduction to the
World Conservation Union’s (IUCN) Vision for
Water.
The younger generation was very visibly represented in the Youth Forum, which produced a
special youth statement. Young people want to
be responsible and committed partners in the
Vision and Framework for Action. The youth
statement, which included input from children
worldwide via the Internet, was later handed to
the ministers at the Ministerial Conference. A
festive ceremony presented the ‘Future Vessel’
project, in which children – age 7 to 16 - from
all over the world worked together, using their
personal associations and feelings about water
as an inspiration to build a three-dimensional
futuristic ‘ship’ that symbolises the need for
co-operation in order to enhance sustainable
solutions.
ur Global Village
What with all the media presence, you might not have noticed that there was a permanent
television crew at the Forum.
This crew’s main mission, however, was not to
come up with a shrink-wrapped two-minute
segment for the evening news. Every day several
sessions were taped, digitalised, and made
available to Internet users all over the world. The
site eventually became so popular that demand
exceeded the server’s capacity. Additionally, rough
edits of the crew’s tapes were offered twice
daily to the main news networks, via a live
mobile satellite connection on the premises.
The mobile satellite connection was also made
available to television crews from all over the
world, so viewers in South Africa, France or
Japan would not have to miss a thing.
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was held simultaneously, organised by Green
Cross International. ‘When God was creating
rivers, He did not know that we would create
national states whose boundaries would run
through these rivers’ Mr. Gorbachev said later
at a press conference. ‘No national solution will
solve our water problems, there has to be
international involvement’ he said, adding: “The
water shortage in the Middle East has the
potential to result in war if not resolved in the
next 10 to 15 years.”
Monday, 20 March
Far East, Australia & Pacific Day
The Vision on managing water resources for
Australia is closely associated with its highly
urbanised population. The large consensus was
that meeting the growing water demands of
these urban areas is a great challenge. Two
important elements were stressed: clean
healthy river systems and sufficient provision of
safe water, which should be obtained through
the combined use of fresh water, surface water
and ground water.
The overall theme of the Australian Vision is to
use water effectively. It is necessary to
implement high standards of efficiency with
regard to water use and re-use, based on innovations in technology, information technology
and best management practice.
Mikhail Gorbachev was as an initiatior of the
sovereignty panel a prominent figure on the
‘Water for Peace in the Middle East’ panel that
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Eleven international corporations from three
broad sectors of business and industry – water
services, consumer products, and water engineering and consultancy – convened at the
CEO Panel on Business and Industry, and came
up with a joint statement describing the role
the business community can take to help solve
the water crisis. The private sector has a
growing role to play in the supply and management of water resources. Private sector investment will be critical in bridging the gap between
supply and demand for water. Effective pricing
of water as a valued resource will stimulate
industry to invest time, talent and money in the
efficient supply and management of fresh water
for all.
Industry has an important role to play in saving
water, by ensuring that it minimises the impact
of its own operations, and employing both
‘upstream’ engagement – with raw material
suppliers, and ‘downstream’ engagement – with
consumers and other users. The term ‘industry’
also includes agriculture – by far the largest
user of water. Investment in technology development and product innovation can also help
reduce domestic water consumption. The CEO
panel further stressed that the business
community wishes to work together with
others in society by raising public awareness,
sharing knowledge and technology, and building
partnerships.
Tuesday, 21 March
Wednesday, 22 March
Day of the Americas
Final Remarks and the Future…
South America is an enormous continent with a
huge variety of ecosystems. It has tropical areas
as well as cold areas at its southern tip. This
continent also boasts one of the greatest water
resources in the world. Pollution and tourism
were some of the problems and challenges
addressed during the America Sessions. Due to
accelerated urbanisation, pollution problems
have increased. Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador
are the continent’s main users of pesticides, and
high percentages of their populations are
exposed to these products. Increased tourism
has led to water pollution caused by the
construction of hotel complexes and road infrastructure, inadequate waste disposal, etc. The
participants called for in-depth assessment of
ground water potential and for protection of
groundwater recharge areas. They also stressed
the need for programmes to monitor and
control pollution, especially where there is
evidence of overexploitation due to excessive
pumping.
After five days of intensive discussion, during
which participants exchanged ideas, established
contacts and formed networks, the Forum
came to an end – on World Water Day, March
22nd. It was a natural moment to reflect upon
what had been achieved and what lies ahead. In
addition to all the detailed follow-up steps in
the Framework for Action, many organisations
and countries have made pledges for the future.
The Netherlands, for example, pledged to
double its support of water sector activities in
developing countries over a four-year period,
from $ 40 million to $ 80 million per year,
adding another $8 million for export of knowhow.
The number one priority that emerged from
the discussion on the Framework for Action is a
major drive for sanitation and hygiene
education. Forum participants called for an
immediate and revolutionary programme of
action that focuses on environmental sanitation.
The Global Water Partnership intends to
produce a supplement to the Framework for
Action, which will reflect the discussions at the
Forum and embrace a broader cross-section of
views, through consultations involving NGOs,
trade unions and sector Vision representatives.
Several speakers at the Forum remarked that
‘The Hague 2000’ was not the end of a chapter
but a stepping-stone in an ongoing process
towards sufficient, safe water for all of us. At
the festive closing ceremony Dr. Mahmoud
Abu-Zeid, President of the World Water
Council, urged everyone to keep the
momentum of The Hague going. He stressed
the fact that water is everybody’s business,
water is in crisis and no one can be complacent.
Water is essential not just for us, but also for
the planet’s ecological systems and for future
generations. Without the active inclusion of
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women and youth, all well-meant efforts might
fail. Dr. Abu-Zeid also stressed the role of the
media in raising public awareness of water
issues. (So far, the Forum has generated
extensive media coverage, including leading
editorials in prestigious publications such as the
New York Times, the Financial Times and The
Economist.) He concluded his speech by urging
all participants to put all their good intentions
into action.
Dr. Abu-Zeid announced at the same time that
the Third World Water Forum will convene in
March, 2003 in Japan: “The World Water
Council appreciates and acknowledges the
generosity of the Government of Japan for
graciously offering to host this important event.
There is a great deal of work to be accomplished between now and the Third World
Water Forum, building upon the results of the
Vision for Water, Life and the Environment in
the 21st Century. The greatest challenge is to
keep the momentum and maintain the spirit of
the Vision.”
The Second World Water Forum ended as it
began, with a dynamic, colourful and moving
performance by the women of Female Factory.
The Chairman, His Royal Highness the Prince of
Orange, Dr. Abu-Zeid and eight ministers from
various countries representing the world were
asked to come on stage and join Female
Factory. Then, a child representing the future
was passed from one hand to another across an
artificial ‘river’. The symbolism of the ceremony
was extremely dramatic in its simplicity.
Without water, there is no future.
T
he Chairman
One person who kept a high profile during
the Forum was His Royal Highness the Prince
of Orange. As Chairman of the Forum the
Prince was instrumental in bringing world
leaders, such as Mikhail Gorbachev, Queen
Noor of Jordan and Simon Peres, to The
Hague.
In doing so, he was a great help in putting water
on the agenda, not only in a political sense but
also with respect to public opinion and he helped
make the Forum a truly high profile international
event. The Prince enjoyed his work as chairman
very much: “The atmosphere was great.
It certainly was a different kind of conference…
There was the Fair, cultural events. Everywhere
you saw groups of people in heated discussions.
That was exactly the intention, we wanted people
to meet also outside the official sessions.” The
Prince will continue to work in water management
and has received numerous requests for related
events abroad.
12
Summary Report of the Second World Water Forum
From Vision to Action
1
His Royal Highness The Prince of Orange and Frank R. Rijsberman2
The Second World Water Forum was
organised as the concluding meeting for the
World Water Vision process, a stock-taking
moment for the Framework for Action project,
and an opportunity to initiate a process leading
to action on the ground. Many of the Forum
participants had prepared for the Second
World Water Forum for as much as two years.
Through the development of the World Water
Vision hundreds of preparatory meetings took
place in which some fifteen thousand people
participated. Some 40 sector, regional and
special subject Visions and Frameworks for
Action were prepared. All these have value in
their own right and as contributions to the
World Water Vision and Framework for
Action.
A new beginning is clearly needed to avert
crises in the century that lies ahead. The
Second World Water Forum, and the parallel
Ministerial Conference, were intended as a new
beginning. It was intended to be the birthplace
of a water movement. It will be the task of the
new generation of water users and water
managers to work hand in hand with their older
colleagues in this field. The Forum was unique
in that it offered an opportunity for debate for
all. Nobody was kept out – everybody was
invited in. The organisers wanted to convey the
spirit of the meeting as one in which everyone’s
opinion is respected; a forum in which everyone
felt free to express their opinion. This culminated in the direct interaction between stake-
1 Based largely on the speeches of the Forum Chairman at the
opening and closing of the Conference and the summary
reports prepared by the Forum Rapporteur and presented by
the Forum Chairman to the Ministerial Conference and Forum
Closing Session.
2 Chairman and Rapporteur of the Second World Water Forum,
respectively
holders and representatives of major groups
and the 120 ministers with responsibility for
water who participated in the Ministerial
Conference.
The Forum Chairman called on all participants
to maintain the spirit of the preparation of the
World Water Vision: open, transparent and
participatory. At the Forum it was recognised
that there are many visions on water in the next
century. And even though there were a record
number of participants at the Forum, and many
more were involved in the preparation, there
also was an awareness that many, many more
people need to be involved in the development
of visions and their implementation. This was a
start to make water management more participatory, to make water everybody’s business.
Even though that goal has not yet been
achieved, a big stride forward has been made.
Water is no longer just the business of the
water experts.
To make sure that what happened at the Forum
was shared as much as possible with people
E
xporting Ice to Africa
One of the visual highlights of the Forum was
the building of the Future Vessel. Children
from all continents, sometimes dressed in
their native costumes, worked together to
create an enormous three-dimensional ‘ship’.
The materials used were all inspired by the
children’s personal memories and associations
with water. A girl from Sweden used pictures from
her village in the Polar region and when asked,
said she certainly would want to help export some
of the Nordic ice to Africa. The Future Vessel was
just one reminder that the younger generation
wants to be a part of any future actions to resolve
the planet’s water issues.
13
outside The Hague, all sessions were asked to
make brief reports that were edited. Most of
these were put on the Forum website immediately. These session reports also provided the
inputs for the report prepared by the Forum
Rapporteur and presented by the Forum
Chairman to the Ministerial Conference and the
Closing Session of the Forum. The session
reports are available on the Forum website
www.worldwaterforum.net and will be published.
There was some confusion during the Forum
concerning the real or perceived differences
between the report of the World Water
Commission (WWC, 2000) versus the report
of the World Water Vision process (Cosgrove
and Rijsberman, 2000). The Chairman of the
Forum concluded during the Forum on several
occasions that where he was referring to ‘the
Vision report’, or ‘the Vision’ for short, he
meant the latter. This is the synthesis of the
participatory process in which fifteen thousand
people participated and this is what was
discussed at the Second World Water Forum.
The Commission report is independent and
remains the responsibility of the World Water
Commission. The conclusion of the Forum
Chair was that the confusion on the two
reports shows clearly how important it is for all
concerned that once a process has been started
on an open, transparent and participatory basis,
the same approach should then be continued
consistently to the very end.
Responding to World Water Challenges
5,700 Forum Participants, 600 journalists and
over 600 delegates to the Ministerial Conference, including 120 Ministers, met because the
world faces a water crisis. Too many people in
the world do not have access to clean water.
Millions of children are dying each year of
diarrhoea. There are threats of water running
out for food and sustainable livelihoods. Half
our wetlands were destroyed during the last
century. Half the world’s rivers are polluted,
14
many dying and not even reaching the sea. This
is simply not acceptable. The dimensions of the
current and future water crises are painted in
the World Water Vision (Cosgrove and Rijsberman, 2000).
At the start of the meeting the Forum Chair
called on the participants to make a difference.
Even though the Forum can not help the victims
of the floods in Mozambique, it can make a
difference to water management there and in
other countries to make sure there are fewer
victims in the future.
The Ministerial Conference adopted a Ministerial Declaration. Such a Declaration by itself will
not solve the Water Crisis. Governments are
important actors, however, and they have a
major responsibility. It was encouraging to see
governments open a dialogue on water with the
major groups in society represented in the
Forum and to hear many of them make a
commitment.
A Water Movement
Governments are important but not the only
actors in the sector. Water needs to be made
everybody’s business to achieve a secure world.
According to a number of groups present at the
Forum, governments do not solve water
problems – people in local communities do.
Representatives of such people were attending
the conference in probably record numbers.
Critics of conferences such as the Forum hold
that millions of guilders or euros should not be
spent on bringing people together just to talk.
This money could have brought water to people
who need it desperately – and would then have
been better spent, they argue. Are they right?
We will try to address this question at the end
of this brief report, following a discussion of the
results and impacts as we can see these now,
immediately after the Forum has ended.
Whether the Vision, Framework for Action,
Forum and Ministerial Conference really have
made a difference towards making water
everybody’s business will have to be reevaluated some years in the future.
In this summary report of the Forum we first
discuss the key points that the Forum participants highlighted in their discussions, in the
form and format in which they were reported
to the Ministerial Conference. In the final
section we reflect on the results of the Forum
and the possible way forward. The speech of
the Forum Chair on the occasion of World
Water Day is appended in abbreviated form.
The Forum report to the
Ministerial Conference
Water Security: Everybody’s Business
The Forum Chair reported to the Ministerial
Conference on the active participation in the
Second World Water Forum by groups that
are traditionally not well-represented in the
water sector, particularly women and young
people. The children – the generation whose
future hangs in the balance – sang at the Forum
in their Youth Session: Let us be part of the
work! Let us join! You can count on us! They
remind us that sustainable water management
requires solutions with time horizons well
R
beyond what we are used to in government
plans.
The Forum participants called the urgent
attention of the Ministerial Conference to the
water crisis that the world is experiencing now.
This crisis affects us all, but particularly the
poor and the vulnerable in society – a majority
of whom are women and children in the South –
and the environment.
The Chair of the Forum reported to the Ministerial Conference what he perceived to be the
key issues brought up by the Forum participants. These came to him through the reports
made of the sessions and syntheses prepared by
the Forum Rapporteur, as well as his personal
observations in many sessions. His report
remained his personal responsibility, however,
since the participants did not have a chance to
discuss or approve it beforehand. Similarly, this
report reflects the results of the Forum, but has
not been approved by the participants either. It
remains the responsibility of the authors only.
During the Forum opening ceremony six participants chose to express their opposition to
dams in a rather dominant manner – disrupting
the opening ceremony. Thereafter, however,
participants of all persuasions engaged in
aising awareness
With leading editorials in such prominent publications as the New York Times, the Economist
and the Financial Times, the Forum did a good job in raising awareness. All this would not have
been possible without the 600 or so journalists who attended the Forum.
The journalists had their own press centre, with
several hundred telephone lines, dozens of
computers with Internet connections, copy and fax
facilities and a special press conference room. The
Forum organisers had briefed the journalists on
the development of the Vision and the Forum on a
regular basis for the last twelve months. Thanks to
a financial contribution of the Dutch Ministry for
Development Cooperation some 100 journalists
from Africa, Asia and South America were specifically invited to attend.
15
constructive and fruitful debates. Dams were
debated in several sessions. The Vice-Minister
of Public Works of Mozambique – in response
to the recent floods in his country – requested
assistance to build dams for flood control
during one of the sessions and at a press conference. The Forum participants look forward to
the report of the World Commission on Dams
and hope that this will enhance the constructive
debate on a clearly very controversial topic.
which all parties share benefits. The central
focus is placed on creating a positive dynamic
that has already led to tangible results involving
common water problems. The success of the
multilateral working group approach should
serve as a beacon to the rest of the world
showing what can be accomplished by working
cooperatively on a regional level. Water can
and should be a source of cooperation, not
conflict.
Working Group on Water Resources of
the Middle East Peace Process
Key Issues Raised by
the Forum Participants
The Forum Chair gave the Ministerial Conference one personal impression that he considered representative of the spirit of the Forum.
In the session of the Multilateral Working
Group on Water Resources of the Middle East
Peace Process, representatives from Israel,
Jordan and the Palestinian Authority presented
and discussed their achievements and future
plans in a very open and constructive manner.
By concentrating on the common problem of
regional water scarcity, the participants in the
process have been able to transcend the realm
of competing interests and create a situation in
The key issues the Forum participants wanted
to raise with the participants in the Ministerial
Conference are described hereafter. That other
issues are not raised is not because they lack
importance, but because it was perceived that
the participants generally support the Vision
and Framework for Action on the many other
issues. The issues are listed in order of their
importance for the participants:
• Privatisation,
• Charging the full-cost price for water
services,
• Rights to access, and
• Participation.
Privatisation
To achieve water security, water must be made
everybody’s business. That is the essence of the
Vision. Even the critics of the Vision process
generally acknowledge its contribution to
ending the dominant perception that water is
the exclusive business of governments and
water professionals. That is definitely a first and
major step towards achieving our Vision. Much
less agreement is evident on the model that
should replace this government monopoly. It
should be absolutely clear, however, that
nobody, not the World Water Commission,
not the many, many others that prepared the
Vision and Framework for Action, nor the
participants in the Forum, proposed that the
government monopoly should be replaced by a
16
private monopoly. Nor that water resources
should be privatised.
Quite the contrary, the Vision proposes – and
the Forum participants endorsed – that water
resources are a common heritage and should be
treated as a common property resource. When
we determine water rights we establish use
rights – not ownership.
Charging the full cost for water services
That water resources are a common property
resource does not imply however, that water
services – that is providing water, treating it,
cleaning it before and after use and returning it
back to the environment or other users –
should be free of charge. The Vision emphasises
the need for sustainable infrastructure and
service provisions, servicing the needs of users,
through managers accountable to users – or
managed directly by the users themselves. This
does require resources – be it money or direct
user inputs in kind. Users should in fact be
charged the full cost of the services – with
appropriate subsidies made available to the
poor and with recognition of the resources the
poor do have, their labour. This is a key recommendation in the Vision. It is supported by
many, although certainly not all, participants in
the Forum. In the session on a Vision for WestAfrica, for example, the participants agreed that
the unreliability of supplies is a greater problem
than the price of the service. Users are
generally willing to pay the price for water
services, if they can, because they do recognise
the vital importance water has for them.
Rights to access
Crucial for many, many participants in the
Forum is the need to recognise explicitly access
to drinking water and sanitation as a basic
human right. For many participants the recognition of water as a basic human need is insufficient. It can be argued that this right is already
implicit in other declarations of human rights,
since water is essential to life. But precisely for
this reason the overwhelming majority of the
participants in the Second World Water Forum
urged the Ministerial Conference to recognise
explicitly, in their declaration or in individual
country pledges, the human right to access to
drinking water and sanitation. In fact, water is
not only considered essential for human health,
it is also desperately needed by millions of poor
women and men in rural areas for productive
reasons: to grow the family’s food or to
generate income.
Rights to land and use of water are key determinants for people’s potential to break out of the
poverty trap. When rights get redistributed or
new rights are assigned, these rights must be
distributed on an equitable and individual basis,
recognising the rights of women and men.
Along those lines, women and men should have
individual voting rights in water user associations and generally be equitably and democratically represented in water management bodies.
Participation
Users not only have a right to access to water
services, but should also participate actively in
the management of water resources. Support
for ‘participation’ has become an accepted
principle for many countries and organisations.
The user representatives in the Forum pointed
out that this should not be limited to asking
users to participate in government
programmes. Participation implies sharing
power - democratic participation of citizens in
elaborating or implementing water policies and
projects and in managing water resources. This
should include the right by communities to
develop their own water projects, if they can do
so without government intervention and
without harming the rights to water services of
others downstream or the environment.
17
Additional issues raised
by the Forum participants
Quantitative Targets and
Indicators of Progress
On behalf of the Forum participants the Forum
Chair urged the Ministerial Conference
delegates – collectively or individually – not
only to support the development of targets and
indicators of progress in a general sense, but to
commit to adopting targets at their own
national or regional levels. Adopted targets
should be reported to the Dublin+10 meeting
in 2002 for monitoring through an international
mechanism.
Action on Sanitation
The number one priority action that arises from
the discussion on the Framework for Action
(GWP, 2000) is a major drive in sanitation and
hygiene education. An immediate and revolutionary programme of action is required, say
the Forum participants, focusing on environmental sanitation. The old ways leave us struggling to keep up with the growing needs.
Women consistently state the importance of
sanitation and their views must be acted upon.
Sanitation and hygiene education can be an
active force in promoting women’s influence
and involvement in development in general.
Supplement to the Framework for Action
GWP committed during the Forum to produce
a supplement to the Framework for Action.
This is intended to reflect the discussions at the
Forum and embrace a broader cross-section of
stakeholder views, through consultations
involving NGOs, trade unions and sector Vision
representatives. It will focus on actions
required at regional and national levels.
Globalisation and the Many
Faces of the Private Sector
One issue that came up regularly in the Forum
relates to ‘globalisation’ and concerns the true
18
nature of private sector involvement. A careful
evaluation of all options, ranging from public, to
public-private partnerships to privatised service
provision should determine which option is
most attractive given the local circumstances.
Considerations will include participatory and
transparent management and an appropriate
representation of local communities. A factor in
this evaluation is also where the funds for the
necessary doubling of investments in the water
sector will come from.
Development aid will not go up drastically.
Government funding is not likely to double
either. Additional resources can – and have to –
come from the private sector. The large
majority of these private sector activities and
investments will be local, community actions
and small to medium scale national companies’
involvement – not international capital.
Remember that villagers investing in treadle
pumps costing 10 US$ also are part of the
private sector. There is a role for multinational
corporations. Their involvement is likely to be
limited to really large projects and investments
such as providing water services to megacities.
In the Vision this last component is estimated to
be about a third of the total private sector
investment in the water sector. The role of
governments remains crucial in any case – especially in countries where water services have
been partly privatised – through provision of a
strong regulating and enabling environment.
Governments remain responsible for making
sure that poor people have access to water
services at affordable rates. This will certainly
require targeted subsidies for the poor. It
should not lead, however, to water priced at
rates much below the value of water for the
users that can afford to pay full cost.
Results of the Second World Water Forum
Five and a half thousand people participated in
the largest international water policy gathering
in history. Has the Forum made a difference?
Was it worth spending millions? Has it advanced
the water movement? Let us reflect on that for
a moment.
The NGO platform recommended that the
Ministerial Conference– in essence – reject the
Vision and Framework for Action reports and
the draft Ministerial Declaration. They found
the process insufficiently participatory and the
content not acceptable. Had the World Water
Vision been prepared by experts only, without
any user participation then there probably
would not have been protests from groups that
felt left out. Would that have been useful,
however? We conclude that such an expert
Vision would have had little or no impact. It
would have simply joined the many other
reports that have been prepared on the subject
over recent years.
In a way, therefore, the protests by the NGO
community that they felt insufficiently represented were a step forward. Hundreds of
organisations and thousands of individuals have
actively participated, but even more have not.
As a result, hundreds of others feel left out –
and now wish they had been involved. This
strong signal of interest of a broad spectrum of
civil society organisations in international water
policy is very encouraging. We interpret this as
an indicator that the Vision process and Forum
have succeeded, with others, in putting water
on the agenda for many non-water organisations. Some NGOs have indicated that they
were insufficiently involved in the design of the
Vision exercise in an early stage. That is true,
indeed, and should be an important difference
with the next stage. Now that the interest has
been awakened, it should lead to effective
participation. Water is becoming everybody’s
business.
We conclude that a good start has been made
to involve many non-traditional groups. In
addition, the participation that did take place
was taken seriously and had an impact on the
deliberations in the Ministerial Conference,
both directly and indirectly. Participants from
regions where water is scarce – such as the
Middle East, the Nile Basin and Southern Africa
– demonstrated in the Forum how they
managed to turn water into a source for
increased cooperation, rather than conflict. The
session organised by the World Commission on
Dams brought together participants from
across the spectrum, including both the International Rivers Network – possibly the most
vocal anti-dam NGO – as well as the organisations that promote dam construction. It is very
encouraging that the report of this session
“M y Daughter is Going to Japan”
As the Forum drew to a close, the organisers realised that all the hard work had not been in vain.
But there had been some tense moments.
At one of the final sessions, Bert Diphoorn, project
manager of the Forum’s secretariat admitted how
anxious he and the other organisers had felt in
December when only 300 participants were registered. Eventually the count came to more than
5700 registered participants. The Forum has set
some standards, said a proud Mr. Diphoorn,
admitting he had mixed feelings about seeing the
Forum come to an end: “ It is like seeing your
daughter leaving home. You know there’s nothing
you can do about it, but it still hurts.” “However”,
he continued with a big smile, referring to the 3 rd
World Water Forum to be held in Japan in 2003,
“I am glad to know that she will be going to
Japan.”
19
states that the participants expressed their
appreciation of the open and inclusive process
of the World Commission on Dams. We
conclude that there is hope – even for such a
controversial issue.
•
So, has the Second World Water Forum had an
impact? Have we put water on the political
agenda? Have we increased the public
awareness of the water crisis? We answer all
three questions affirmatively. Five and a half
thousand people found the time and resources
to come and participate. Six hundred journalists
broadcast the messages to a large audience.
One hundred and twenty ministers chose to
come to debate water issues with stakeholders.
These simple facts are
good indication that
water is indeed
becoming everybody’s
business. This was not a
meeting of experts,
telling each other once
more about the water
crisis. This was a historic
meeting of water users,
water decision makers,
and water experts jointly
affirming the importance
of water for everybody
and announcing their
widely shared intention
to make a difference.
The real, long-term impact of the World Water
Vision and the Forum will be measurable only
five or ten years from now, but there were
already some clear commitments during the
Forum. Many other individuals and organisations announced that they are going home to
prepare their commitments. The latter will have
to be recorded at the next occasion. The
former included:
• The Netherlands government committed to
doubling the investments in the water sector
20
•
•
•
•
•
through international cooperation – an
increase of 100 million guilders per year; to
support a major initiative related to water for
food; and establish a UNESCO Institute for
Water Education in Delft.
The UK government pledged to increase its
focus on water in the next three years.
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the
Global Environment Facility announced a
doubling of the freshwater-related budget.
The local government session pledged to set
up a water-cities network and report their
progress to the Third World Water Forum.
Seven CEOs of major international
companies pledged that they are ready to
take their responsibility to make water use
sustainable.
A group of organisations pledged to form a
Water and Gender Alliance.
Through the campaign of getting individuals
to fill out their personal pledges on ‘make a
wave’ forms – a start was made to get people
to think about their own contributions as
well as those of governments.
A noted environmentalist from India stated in a
Panel discussion: “You certainly have not reached
everybody yet. Making water everybody’s business
will be long and hard work. But the Vision has
certainly ended the notion that water is the
business of governments and water professionals
alone. That is an important accomplishment.”
The World Water Vision was a stone in the
pond that created little ripples. More and more
water users are now ready to start making a
wave! As the Forum Chair stated in the Closing
Session: “I call on all of you, when you go home
after this exciting Forum, to become ambassadors.
To make water everybody’s business! As my
personal contribution to making the wave I pledge
to be one of those ambassadors!”
Bibliography of key World Water Vision and Framework for Action documents
Cosgrove, W.J. and Rijsberman, F.R. for the World
Water Council 2000. World Water Vision:
Strategy for Conservation and Sustainable
Management of Water Resources in the 21 st
Making Water Everybody’s Business.
Century. Compilation of All Project Documents.
Earthscan Publishing, London.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
GWP (Global Water Partnership, Framework for
Action Unit) 2000. Towards Water Security: A
Framework for Action. Global Water Partnership, Stockholm.
WSSCC (Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council) 2000. Vision 21: A Shared Vision
Hofwegen, P and Svendsen, M. 2000. A Vision of
for Hygiene, Sanitation and Water Supply
and a Framework for Action. Also forming the
Water for People component of the World Water
Vision. WSSCC, Geneva.
Water for Food and Rural Development.
WWC (World Water Commission) 2000.
IUCN (The World Conservation Union) 2000.
Commission report: A Water Secure
Vision for Water and Nature. A World
World. World Water Council, Marseille.
Appendix: Speech of the Forum Chair at the celebration of
World Water Day on March 22, 2000 (abbreviated)
Today is World Water Day. Today five
thousand children will die because their
drinking water was not safe.
Today is World Water Day. Today hundreds of
millions of women will spend several hours
carrying water for their families.
Today is World Water Day. Today we may lose
another species of aquatic life as a result of
human pressure on the water resources of
planet Earth.
Yet, water is part of our life! Water is a source
of cooperation. It brings people together.
Water is part of rituals, it carries our dreams,
our hopes, and our vision – like a river….
Caring for our precious waters must be
strongly embedded in our culture, because
water is life, flowing through everything we do,
like a river…
… I have become truly convinced that we are in
the midst of a water crisis. Managing our water
resources to improve the lives of the billions in
the South, providing food and sustainable livelihoods – and in a way that maintains or improves
the quality of our natural environment. Yes, this
will be one of the great challenges of the 21st
Century.
But I am also full of hope and confidence that
we can also find ways to live within our water
means and share the productivity of water to
benefit all. We must be able to find the
resources for important things: to provide all
people with clean, affordable water necessary
to lead healthy, productive lives.
To achieve this, however, we will have to
unleash the creativity, the energy and the
capital that has transformed the telecommunications sector overnight from a sleepy
monopoly into a thriving dynamic sector that
attracts the best young minds.
21
I am talking about the creative energy that
people have regardless of gender at all levels of
society, of all ethnic backgrounds, energy that
allowed people at community level to construct
– and fund – their own sanitation services in
poor areas of Karachi. This is the same energy
that women have when given a chance to farm
and irrigate their fields with a well of their own.
But I am talking about capital also, all the way
from that of treadle pump producers in
Bangladesh to the boardrooms of the multinationals. Capital that will become available when
people pay the proper price for the water
services provided to them.
We teach our children to say “Thank you”
when they receive a gift and we teach them to
be proud of their achievements. We need to
transform water users from the beneficiaries of
projects to the proud customers that are
genuinely served by water managers.
looming water crisis and put water high onto
the political agenda. But I still have the feeling
that outside this building people think that the
only thing we are discussing is drinking water.
Let us make it very clear that this is a management, not a water, issue. It needs targeted
involvement of communities, governments and
the private sector. The availability of water on
our planet is not the determining factor in
providing the remaining people with access to
safe and sufficient drinking water. It is for food
production that our water resources may
become the limiting factor.
As Chair of the Forum I think I speak on behalf
of all participants when I thank the organisers
and the staff. These include the many people
that worked behind the scenes, in the Fair and
on the podia; the many artists that were an
element in this Forum that reminded us
constantly of the many forms, faces and values
of water. I salute you, and thank you all.
The Second World Water Forum has achieved
a major goal - it has created awareness of the
A
frican Drums and Cinema
Culture was a very prominent ingredient, both at the Forum and the Fair. And a lot of that
culture came without being announced. Suddenly between sessions, the air filled with the
strong beat and the hypnotising rhythm of African drums.
There were fairy-tale-like creatures walking on
enormous stilts at the Fair. There were Vietnamese puppets and a German youth band, Dutch
ballet and a daily menu of fascinating documentaries to chose from at the Forum’s own cinema.
The variety of cultural events, some planned, while
others occurred impromptu, made the Forum a
very lively and colourful event. For Thijs van Praag,
one of the Forum’s organisers, the cultural ingre-
22
dient made a big difference. In general he is very
pleased: “The mood at the conference was very
positive and stimulating, even though we were
discussing serious matters.” If nothing else, the
wide variety of cultural events combined with the
truly global mix of people certainly made The
Hague, if only for five days, one of the more interesting places to be.
contents
Ministerial Declaration of The Hague on
Water Security in the 21st Century
25
29
33
37
42
46
Contents
English version
French version
Spanish version
Russian version
Chinese version
Arabic version
Attachments to the declaration
Reports on the Thematic Sessions
1. Meeting basic needs
2. Securing the food supply
3. Protecting ecosystems
4. Shared water resources
5. Managing risks
6. Valuing water
7. Governing water wisely
49
51
52
53
54
55
56
Reports on the Regional Sessions
1. Africa
2. The Americas
3. Asia-Pacific
4. Europe
5. Middle-East and North Africa
58
59
60
61
62
Pledges
1. Cambodia
2. Germany
3. Morocco
4. The Netherlands
5. Norway
6. Philippines
7. Sweden
8. United Kingdom
9. United Republic of Tanzania
10. GEF
11. OECD
12. World Bank
64
64
65
65
67
68
70
71
71
72
72
75
23
Contents
Brazil, Costa Rica, Paraguay and Uruguay
Statements by representatives of Major Groups
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Gender
Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
Youth
Business Community
Professional Organisations,
Science and Research
International Trade Unions
78
79
79
82
83
87
90
92
National Statements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Cambodia
China
France
Gambia
Germany
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Macedonia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Morocco
Oman
St. Lucia
Sweden
Turkey
Vietnam
Zambia
93
95
97
99
101
107
111
114
117
118
122
129
132
134
136
139
141
142
144
146
148
150
Other Statements
1.
2.
3.
Regional meeting of Ministers of the Americas
153
Sub-regional meeting of West-African Ministers 153
Asian Development Bank
155
158
List of registered participants
159
All statements have been edited where needed to fit a general presentation format.
24
The Ministerial Conference
contain the text of the Ministerial Declaration
in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese
and Arabic. In addition, we have published the
reports of the Thematic Sessions
and the Regional Sessions and the pledges that
several countries made at the Ministerial
Conference. At the end are statements
regarding the Ministerial Conference published
by individual countries and the Major Groups,
as well as a list of participants.
In the resulting ‘Declaration of The Hague’ the
ministers describe how they will approach the
water crisis in the future. The following pages
Ministerial
Actions are necessary to implement the
required changes as well. That's why the Dutch
government organised a separate Ministerial
Conference, parallel to the Forum, to raise
much-needed political support. In The Hague
120 Ministers from all parts of the world
convened to discuss regional and thematic
issues in separate groups and major issues in a
plenary session.
The Second World Water Forum was the venue for water specialists,concerned
citizens, politicians and NGOs to debate possible solutions to the global water crisis.
Finding solutions, however, is not enough.
English
1 Water is Vital for the life and health of
people and ecosystems and a basic requirement
for the development of countries, but around
the world women, men and children lack access
to adequate and safe water to meet their most
basic needs. Water resources, and the related
ecosystems that provide and sustain them, are
under threat from pollution, unsustainable use,
land-use changes, climate change and many
other forces. The link between these threats
and poverty is clear, for it is the poor who are
hit first and hardest. This leads to one simple
conclusion: business as usual is not an option.
There is, of course, a huge diversity of needs
and situations around the globe, but together
we have one common goal: to provide water
security in the 21st century. This means
ensuring that freshwater, coastal and related
ecosystems are protected and improved; that
sustainable development and political stability
are promoted, that every person has access to
enough safe water at an affordable cost to lead a
healthy and productive life and that the vulnerable are protected from the risks of waterrelated hazards.
2 These Threats are Not New. Nor are
attempts to address them. Discussions and
actions started in Mar del Plata in 1977,
continued through Dublin and were consolidated into Chapter 18 of Agenda 21 in Rio in
1992.
25
Declaration in English
Ministerial Declaration of The Hague
on Water Security in the 21st Century
Ministerial Declaration in English
They were reaffirmed in Paris 1998, CSD-6 and
in the Second World Water Forum and Ministerial Conference. The process will continue in
the meeting in Bonn in 2002 (‘Dublin+10’),
through the 10-year review of implementation
of Agenda 21, and beyond. These and other
international meetings have produced a number
of agreements and principles that are the basis
upon which this and future statements should
be built. The goal of providing water security in
the 21st century is reflected in the unprecedented process of broad participation and
discussion by experts, stakeholders and government officials in many regions of the world. This
process has profited from the important contributions of the World Water Council, who
launched the World Water Vision process at
the First World Water Forum in Marrakech,
from the formation of the World Commission
on Water in the 21st century and from the
development of the Framework for Action by
the Global Water Partnership.
3 The Main Challenges
To Achieve Water Security, we face the
following main challenges:
Meeting Basic Needs: to recognise that access
to safe and sufficient water and sanitation are
basic human needs and are essential to health
and well-being, and to empower people, especially women, through a participatory process
of water management.
Securing the Food Supply: to enhance food
security, particularly of the poor and vulnerable, through the more efficient mobilisation
and use, and the more equitable allocation of
water for food production.
Protecting Ecosystems: to ensure the integrity
of ecosystems through sustainable water
resources management.
Sharing Water Resources: to promote
peaceful co-operation and develop synergies
between different uses of water at all levels,
whenever possible, within and, in the case of
boundary and trans-boundary water resources,
between states concerned, through sustainable
river basin management or other appropriate
approaches.
Managing Risks: to provide security from
floods, droughts, pollution and other waterrelated hazards.
Valuing Water: to manage water in a way that
reflects its economic, social, environmental and
cultural values for all its uses, and to move
towards pricing water services to reflect the
cost of their provision. This approach should
take account of the need for equity and the
basic needs of the poor and the vulnerable.
Governing Water Wisely: to ensure good
governance, so that the involvement of the
public and the interests of all stakeholders are
included in the management of water
resources.
4 Meeting the Challenges
We, the Ministers and Heads of Delegation,
recognise that our gathering and this Declaration are part of a wider process, and are linked
to a wide range of initiatives at all levels. We
acknowledge the pivotal role that governments
play in realising actions to meet the challenges.
We recognise the need for institutional, technological and financial innovations in order to
move beyond ‘business as usual’ and we resolve
to rise to meet these challenges.
26
6 Integrated Water Resources management depends on collaboration and partnerships at all levels, from individual citizens to
international organisations, based on a political
commitment to, and wider societal awareness
of, the need for water security and the sustainable management of water resources. To
achieve integrated water resources management, there is a need for coherent national and,
where appropriate, regional and international
policies to overcome fragmentation, and for
transparent and accountable institutions at all
levels.
7 We Will Further Advance the process of
collaboration in order to turn agreed principles
into action, based on partnerships and synergies
among the government, citizens and other
stakeholders. To this end:
a We Will Establish targets and strategies,
as appropriate, to meet the challenges of
achieving water security. As part of this effort,
we support the development of indicators of
progress at the national and sub-national level.
In carrying this forward, we will take account of
the valuable work done for the Second World
Water Forum.
freshwater resources and related ecosystems,
to assist countries, where appropriate, to
develop systems to measure progress towards
the realisation of targets and to report in the
biennial World Water Development Report as
part of the overall monitoring of Agenda 21.
c We Will Work Together with other
stakeholders to develop a stronger water
culture through greater awareness and commitment. We will identify best practices, based on
enhanced research and knowledge generation
capacities, knowledge dissemination through
education and other channels and knowledge
sharing between individuals, institutions and
societies at all appropriate levels. This will
include co-ordination at regional and other
levels, as appropriate, to promote arrangements for coping with water-related disasters
and for sharing experiences in water sector
reform. It will also include international cooperation in technology transfers to, and
capacity building in, developing countries.
d We Will Work Together with stakeholders to increase the effectiveness of
pollution control strategies based on polluter
pays principles and to consider appropriate
rules and procedures in the fields of liability and
compensation for damage resulting from activities dangerous to water resources.
e Against the Background of the preparatory work for and discussions in The Hague, we
will work within multilateral institutions, particularly the UN system, International Financial
Institutions and bodies established by InterGovernmental Treaties, to strengthen waterrelated policies and programmes that enhance
water security, and to assist countries, as
appropriate, to address the major challenges
identified in this Declaration.
b We Will Continue to support the UN
f We Call Upon the Secretary General of
system to re-assess periodically the state of
the United Nations to further strengthen the
27
integrated water resources management,
that includes the planning and management of
water resources, both conventional and nonconventional, and land. This takes account of
social, economic and environmental factors and
integrates surface water, groundwater and the
ecosystems through which they flow. It recognises the importance of water quality issues. In
this, special attention should be paid to the
poor, to the role, skills and needs of women and
to vulnerable areas such as small island states,
landlocked countries and desertified areas.
5 The Actions advocated here are based on
co-ordination and coherence of activities on
water issues within the UN system. We will
adopt consistent positions in the respective
governing bodies to enhance coherence in
these activities.
g We Call Upon the Council of the Global
Environmental Facility (GEF) to expand activities that are within the mandate of the GEF in
relation to freshwater resources by catalysing
investments in national water management
issues that have a beneficial impact on international waters.
h We Welcome the contribution of the
World Water Council in relation to the Vision
and of the Global Water Partnership with
respect to the development of the Framework
for Action. We welcome follow-up actions by
all relevant actors in an open, participatory and
transparent manner that draws upon all major
groups in society.
i We Note the statements
(attached to this declaration)
made by the representatives of
the major groups and welcome
them as a clear reflection of
their readiness to work with us
towards a secure water future
for all.
8 Recognising that the actions
referred to in paragraph 7,
including progress on targets
and strategies, are important
and ambitious, we will review
our progress periodically at
appropriate fora, including the
meeting in Bonn in 2002 and the
10-year review of the implementation of Agenda 21.
28
9 The Ministerial Conference acknowledges with appreciation that a range of issues
were discussed during the Second World
Water Forum, and that the Chair of the Forum
presented these issues to the Ministerial
Conference. The importance of these issues is
unquestionable; we will raise them for further
consideration in relevant fora in the future and
will consider their implications for our individual national situations.
10 The Challenges are formidable, but so are
the opportunities. There are many experiences
around the world that can be built on. What is
needed is for us all to work together, to
develop collaboration and partnerships, to build
a secure and sustainable water future. We will,
individually and acting together, strive to
achieve this and stimulate and facilitate the
contributions of society as a whole. To this end,
we note with appreciation that pledges were
made at The Hague (attached to our declaration). This Declaration reflects the determination of our governments and represents a
critical step in the process of providing water
security for all.
11 We, the Ministers and Heads of Delegation, thank the government and people of The
Netherlands for their vision and for their hospitality in hosting this conference and forum.
Agreed to on Wednesday 22 March 2000,
in The Hague, The Netherlands
Déclaration ministérielle sur
la sécurité de l’eau au XXIe siècle
French
3 Les principaux défis
Dans la réalisation de la sécurité de l’eau,
nous sommes confrontés aux principaux
défis suivants :
Satisfaire les besoins fondamentaux:
reconnaître que l’accès à l’eau potable en
quantité suffisante et à l’assainissement sont des
besoins humains de base, essentiels à la santé et
au bien-être, et permettre notamment aux
femmes de participer à la gestion de l’eau.
Assurer l’approvisionnement alimentaire:
renforcer la sécurité alimentaire, en particulier
des pauvres et des plus défavorisés, par la
mobilisation et l’utilisation plus efficace et par
une distribution plus équitable de l’eau pour la
production alimentaire.
Protéger les écosystèmes: assurer l’intégrité
des écosystèmes par la gestion durable des
ressources en eau.
Partager les ressources en eau: promouvoir la
coopération pacifique et développer des
synergies entre les différentes utilisations de
l’eau à tous les niveaux, chaque fois que possible
dans et, dans le cas de ressources en eau
frontalières et transfrontalières, entre les États
concernés, par une gestion durable des bassins
versants et d’autres méthodes appropriées.
29
Ministerial Declaration in French
2 Ces menaces ne datent pas d’hier, pas plus
que les tentatives d’y remédier. Les débats et
actions commencèrent à Mar del Plata en 1977,
se poursuivirent à Dublin et furent consolidés
dans le chapitre 18 de l’Agenda 21 à Rio en
1992. Elles furent réaffirmées à Paris en 1998,
dans le CSD-6 et au Deuxième Forum mondial
de l’Eau, ainsi qu’à la Conférence ministérielle.
Le processus se poursuivra à la réunion de
Bonn, en 2002 (« Dublin +10 »), lors du bilan
décennal de la mise en œuvre de l’Agenda 21 et
au-delà. Lors de ces réunions, un certain
nombre d’accords et de principes ont été
adoptés qui serviront de base à la présente
déclaration et à des déclarations futures.
L’objectif d’assurer la sécurité de l’eau au XXIe
siècle apparaît dans le processus sans précédent
de participation et de discussion d’experts, de
parties prenantes et responsables politiques
dans de nombreuses régions du monde. Ce
processus a tiré profit des contributions
substantielles du Conseil mondial de l’Eau, qui a
lancé la Vision mondiale pour l’Eau lors du
Premier Forum mondial de l’Eau à Marrakech,
de la formation de la Commission mondiale de
l’Eau au XXIe siècle et du développement du
Cadre d’action par le Partenariat mondial de
l’Eau.
1 Bien que l’eau soit indispensable à la vie et
à la santé des hommes et des écosystèmes et
une condition fondamentale au développement
des pays, partout dans le monde, des hommes,
des femmes et des enfants sont privés de l’accès
à l’eau potable nécessaire à la satisfaction de
leurs besoins fondamentaux. La pollution,
l’usage immodéré, les changements dans
l’utilisation des sols, les changements
climatiques et beaucoup d’autres facteurs
menacent les ressources en eau et leurs
écosystèmes d’origine. Le lien entre ces
menaces et la pauvreté est clair, car ce sont les
pauvres qui sont le plus durement touchés. La
conclusion est simple : il faut passer à l’action.
Bien sûr les besoins et les situations ne sont pas
les mêmes dans le monde entier, mais nous
avons tous un objectif commun : assurer la
sécurité de l’eau au XXIe siècle. Cela
implique la protection et l’amélioration de
l’approvisionnement en eau potable et des
écosystèmes littoraux ; la promotion du
développement durable et de la stabilité
politique ; l’accès de tous à suffisamment d’eau
potable à un prix raisonnable pour mener une
vie saine et productive et la protection des plus
défavorisés contre les risques liés à l’eau.
Gérer les risques: assurer une protection
contre les inondations, la sécheresse, la
pollution et d’autres risques liés à l’eau.
Valoriser l’eau : gérer l’eau d’une manière qui
rehausse ses valeurs économiques, sociales,
environnementales et culturelles et tarifer les
services d’approvisionnement en eau sur la base
de leur coût. Cette approche doit tenir compte
du besoin d’équité et des besoins fondamentaux
des pauvres et des plus défavorisés.
Gérer l’eau de manière responsable: assurer
la bonne gestion des affaires publiques de sorte
que la gestion des ressources en eau englobe la
participation du public et les intérêts de toutes
les parties prenantes.
4 Relever les défis
Nous, ministres et chefs de délégations,
reconnaissons que notre réunion et cette
Déclaration s’inscrivent dans un processus plus
large et sont liées à une large gamme
d’initiatives à tous les niveaux. Nous
reconnaissons le rôle pivot des gouvernements
dans la mise en œuvre d’actions visant à relever
les défis. Nous reconnaissons la nécessité de
produire des innovations institutionnelles,
technologiques et financières afin de passer à
l’action et nous décidons de réagir pour relever
ces défis.
5 Les actions préconisées ici sont fondées
sur la gestion intégrée des ressources en
eau, qui comprend la planification et la gestion,
conventionnelle et non conventionnelle, des
ressources en eau et de la terre, qui prend en
compte des facteurs sociaux, économiques et
environnementaux, qui englobe les eaux de
surface et les eaux souterraines ainsi que leurs
écosystèmes et qui reconnaît l’importance des
questions relatives à la qualité de l’eau. Dans ce
contexte, il convient de porter une attention
spéciale aux pauvres, au rôle, aux compétences
et aux besoins des femmes et aux régions
vulnérables telles que les petits États insulaires,
les pays enclavés et les zones désertifiées.
30
6 La gestion intégrée des ressources en eau
dépend de la collaboration et des partenariats à
tous les niveaux, des citoyens individuels aux
organisations internationales, fondés sur un
engagement politique et une plus large prise de
conscience de la nécessité d’assurer la sécurité
de l’eau et la gestion durable des ressources en
eau. Pour y parvenir, il faut des politiques
cohérentes au niveau national, régional et
international pour éviter la fragmentation et
promouvoir la transparence et la
responsabilisation des institutions à tous les
niveaux.
7 Nous intensifierons la collaboration afin
de traduire les principes convenus en actions,
fondées sur les participations et les synergies,
entre gouvernements, citoyens et autres parties
prenantes. À cette fin :
a Nous fixerons des objectifs et des
stratégies appropriées pour relever les défis de
la sécurité de l’eau. Dans ce contexte, nous
soutiendrons le développement d’indicateurs
d’avancement au niveau national et régional et,
ce faisant, nous tiendrons compte des travaux
très utiles effectués pour le Deuxième Forum
mondial de l’Eau.
b Nous continuerons de soutenir le
système des Nations unies afin de réévaluer
périodiquement l’état des ressources en eau
potable et des écosystèmes qui y sont liés,
d’aider les pays à développer des systèmes de
mesure des progrès enregistrés dans la
réalisation des objectifs et de rendre compte
dans le rapport biennal sur la mise en valeur des
eaux dans le monde, dans le cadre du suivi
général de l’Agenda 21.
c Nous collaborerons avec d’autres parties
prenantes pour qu’une plus large prise de
conscience et un plus ferme engagement
contribuent à affirmer la culture de l’eau. Par le
biais d’une extension de la recherche et de
l’exploitation de mécanismes de
prenantes pour augmenter l’efficacité des
stratégies de contrôle de la pollution fondées
sur le principe du pollueur-payeur et pour
envisager l’élaboration de règles et de
procédures dans le domaine de la responsabilité
et de l’indemnisation pour les dommages
résultant d’activités mettant en danger les
ressources en eau.
e Sur la toile de fond des travaux
préparatoires et des débats à La Haye, nous
œuvrerons au sein d’institutions multilatérales,
notamment au sein des Nations unies, des
institutions financières internationales et des
organes établis par des conventions
multilatérales, à renforcer les politiques et
programmes liés à la sécurité de l’eau et à aider
les pays à relever les défis majeurs identifiés
dans la présente Déclaration.
f Nous demandons au Secrétaire général
des Nations unies de renforcer la coordination
et la cohérence des activités liées à l’eau dans le
cadre du système des Nations unies. Nous
adopterons les positions qui s’imposent dans les
organes exécutifs respectifs afin de renforcer la
cohérence de ces activités.
g Nous demandons au Conseil du Fonds
pour l’Environnement mondial (GFE) d’étendre
ses activités relatives aux ressources en eau
potable en stimulant les investissements dans la
gestion de l’eau qui ont un effet bénéfique sur
les eaux internationales.
h Nous accueillons favorablement la
contribution du Conseil mondial de l’Eau à la
Vision et au Partenariat mondial de l’Eau pour la
mise en place d’un Cadre d’action. Nous
accueillons favorablement les actions de suivi
entreprises par les acteurs concernés d’une
manière ouverte, participative et transparente,
s’appuyant sur tous les pans majeurs de la
société.
i Nous prenons acte et nous réjouissons
des déclarations (jointes à la présente) des
représentants des pans majeurs comme étant le
témoignage évident de leur volonté de
coopérer avec nous à garantir un avenir sûr
pour l’eau.
8 Reconnaissant que les actions citées au
paragraphe 7, y compris les progrès enregistrés
au niveau des objectifs et des stratégies, sont
importantes et ambitieuses, nous examinerons
périodiquement nos progrès dans les forums
pertinents, y compris la réunion de Bonn en
2002 et l’examen décennal de la mise en œuvre
de l’Agenda 21.
9 La Conférence ministérielle se félicite
qu’un large éventail de questions aient été
traitées durant le Deuxième Forum mondial de
l’Eau, et que la présidence du Forum lui ait
31
d Nous collaborerons avec les parties
développement des connaissances, de la
diffusion des savoirs par la voie de l’éducation
et d’autres canaux et du partage des
connaissances entre les individus, les
institutions et les sociétés aux niveaux
adéquats, nous identifierons les meilleures
pratiques. Seront inclues dans ce processus la
coordination au niveau régional et à d’autres
niveaux appropriés, pour promouvoir les
accords dans le cadre de la lutte contre les
catastrophes naturelles liées à l’eau et pour
échanger les expériences de réforme du
secteur de l’eau, ainsi que la coopération
internationale en matière de transfert de
technologie et de création de capacité dans les
pays en développement.
présenté ces questions, d’une importance
indiscutable. Nous les soulèverons dans des
forums pertinents afin qu’elles soient
considérées plus avant et nous examinerons
leur portée dans nos situations nationales
respectives.
contributions de la société dans son ensemble.
À cette fin, nous prenons note avec satisfaction
des engagements pris à La Haye (joints à la
présente). Cette Déclaration reflète la
détermination de nos gouvernements et
représente un pas important sur la voie de la
sécurité de l’eau pour tous.
10 Les défis sont immenses, mais telles sont
aussi les opportunités. Le monde offre
beaucoup d’expériences sur lesquelles nous
pouvons fonder notre action. Ce dont nous
avons besoin c’est de travailler ensemble, de
développer une collaboration et des
partenariats, de construire un avenir sûr et
durable pour l’eau. Nous nous efforcerons,
individuellement et ensemble de réaliser ces
objectifs et, ce faisant, de stimuler les
32
11 Nous, ministres et chefs de délégation,
remercions le gouvernement et le peuple
néerlandais pour leur vision et pour l’hospitalité
dont ils ont fait preuve dans l’organisation de
cette conférence et de ce forum.
Ainsi convenu le mercredi 22 mars 2000
à La Haye, Pays-Bas
Declaración Ministerial de La Haya
sobre Seguridad Hidrológica en el
siglo XXI
Spanish
3 Los principales retos
Para lograr la seguridad hidrológica, nos
enfrentamos a los siguientes retos:
Cubrir las necesidades básicas: para
reconocer que el acceso a un agua y
saneamiento seguro y suficiente es una
necesidad humana básica y es esencial para la
salud y el bienestar, y para fortalecer a las
personas, especialmente las mujeres en un
proceso participatorio de la gestión hidrológica.
Asegurar el suministro de alimentos: para
aumentar la seguridad alimentaria, en especial la
de los pobres y vulnerables, haciendo más
eficiente la mobilización y el uso del agua, y una
distribución más equitativa del agua para la
producción de alimentos.
33
Ministerial Declaration in Spanish
2 Estas amenazas no son nuevas, como
tampoco lo son los intentos que se han hecho
para hacerles frente. Las discusiones y
actuaciones en este sentido, comenzaron en
1977 en Mar del Plata, continuaron en Dublín, y
se consolidaron en el Capítulo 18 de la Agenda
21 en Río en 1992. Se han visto reafirmadas en
París en 1998, en la Comisión para el
Desarrollo Sostenible (CSD-6) y en el Segundo
Foro Mundial sobre el Agua y la Conferencia
Ministerial. Se dará continuidad a este proceso
en la reunión que se celebrará en Bonn
(‘Dublín+10’) en el año 2002, donde se realizará
una revisión de los 10 años de implementación
de la Agenda 21 y más allá. Éstos y otros
encuentros internacionales han resultado en
una serie de acuerdos y principios que
constituyen la base para ésta y otras futuras
declaraciones. El objetivo de ofrecer seguridad
hidrológica en el siglo XXI está reflejado en un
proceso sin precedentes de amplia
participación y discusión entre expertos,
grupos de interés y funcionarios
gubernamentales en muchas regiones del
mundo. Este proceso se ha visto beneficiado
por las grandes aportaciones del Consejo
Mundial del Agua (World Water Council) que
inició el proceso de la Visión del Agua Mundial
en el Primer Foro del Agua Mundial que tuvo
lugar en Marraquech, por la formación de la
Comisión Mundial del Agua en el siglo XXI
(World Commission on Water in the 21 st Century)
y por la elaboración del Marco de Actuación en
la Asociación Mundial del Agua (Global Water
Partnership).
1 El agua es vital para la vida y la salud de las
personas y los ecosistemas, y un requisito
básico para el desarrollo de los países, pero,
por todo el mundo hay hombres, mujeres y
niños que no tienen acceso a un agua segura y
suficiente que cubra sus necesidades más
básicas. Los recursos hidrológicos y los
ecosistemas relacionados que los proporcionan
y los mantienen, se encuentran amenazados por
la contaminación, un uso insostenible, los
cambios en el uso de la tierra, los cambios
climatológicos y muchas otras fuerzas. La
conexión entre estas amenazas y la pobreza es
evidente, y como consecuencia es el pobre el
primero que se ve afectado y el que más sufre.
Esto lleva a una conclusión muy sencilla: un
escenario sin cambios, no es una opción válida.
Evidentemente, en el mundo existe una gran
diversidad de necesidades y situaciones pero
todas ellas tienen un objetivo común:
proporcionar seguridad hidrológica en el
siglo XXI. Esto se traduce en garantizar el
agua dulce, proteger y mejorar los ecosistemas
costeros y relacionados; fomentar un
desarrollo sostenible y una estabilidad política,
que todas las personas tengan acceso a una
cantidad suficiente de agua segura a precios
asequibles a fin de llevar una vida sana y
productiva y que las personas vulnerables sean
protegidas de los riesgos que conllevan los
peligros relacionados con el agua.
Proteger los ecosistemas: para garantizar la
integridad de los ecosistemas mediante una
gestión sostenible de los recursos hidrológicos.
Compartir los recursos hidrológicos: para
estimular una cooperación pacífica e incentivar
la sinergía entre los diferentes usos del agua a
todos los niveles, si es posible, dentro de los
estados y, en caso de recursos hidrológicos
fronterizos o transfronterizos, entre los
estados, a través de una gestión sostenible de
las cuencas fluviales u otros enfoques
apropiados.
Gestionar los riesgos: para proporcionar
seguridad frente a las inundaciones, las sequías,
la polución y otros peligros relacionados con el
agua.
Valorar el agua: para gestionar el agua de
forma que refleje su valor económico, social,
medioambiental y cultural en todos sus usos, y
avanzar en el sentido de que los precios que se
fijan para los servicios hidrológicos reflejen los
costes de su suministro. Este enfoque debería
tener en cuenta las exigencias de la equidad y las
necesidades básicas de los pobres y los
vulnerables.
Gobernar el agua con prudencia: garantizar
el buen gobierno para que se incluya la
participación del público y de los grupos de
interés en la gestión de los recursos
hidrológicos.
4 Afrontar los retos
Nosotros, los Ministros y los Jefes de
Delegación, reconocemos que estas reuniones
y esta Declaración forman parte de un proceso
más amplio y que están relacionadas con una
amplia gama de iniciativas a todos los niveles.
Admitimos el papel central que desempeñan los
gobiernos en la puesta en práctica de
actuaciones que hagan frente a los retos.
Reconocemos la necesidad de innovaciones
institucionales, tecnológicas y financieras que
nos lleven más allá de ‘un escenario sin cambios’
y decidimos hacer frente a estos retos.
34
5 Las actuaciones que se defienden aquí,
están basadas en la gestión integrada de los
recursos hidrológicos (IWRM), que incluye
una planificación y una gestión de la tierra y de
los recursos hidrológicos, tanto convencional
como no convencional. La IWRM tiene en
cuenta los factores sociales, económicos y
medioambientales e integra el agua superficial,
el agua subterránea y los ecosistemas a través
de los que fluyen esas aguas. La IWRM reconoce
la importancia de las cuestiones de calidad del
agua. En este sentido, se prestará especial
atención a los pobres, al papel, las aptitudes y
las necesidades de las mujeres y a las áreas
vulnerables tales como los estados formados
por pequeñas islas, países sin salida al mar y
áreas desertificadas.
6 Una gestión integrada de los recursos
hidrológicos depende de la colaboración
y de las asociaciones a todos los niveles, desde
los ciudadanos individuales hasta las
organizaciones internacionales, basadas en un
compromiso político y en una mayor conciencia
social sobre la necesidad de la seguridad
hidrológica y de la gestión sostenible de los
recursos hidrológicos. Para obtener una gestión
integrada de los recuros hidrológicos, es
necesaria una política nacional coherente, y en
caso necesario, una política regional e
internacional para prevenir la fragmentación, así
como instituciones responsables y
transparentes a todos los niveles.
7 Seguiremos avanzando en el proceso de
colaboración a fin de transformar en acciones
los principios acordados, partiendo de las
asociaciones y la sinergía entre el gobierno, los
ciudadanos y otros grupos de interés. Con ese
fin:
a Estableceremos objetivos y estrategias,
como corresponda, para hacer frente al reto de
conseguir una seguridad hidrológica. Como
parte componente de este esfuerzo, apoyamos
c Trabajaremos conjuntamente con otros
grupos de interés para desarrollar una mayor
conciencia y un compromiso más intenso de
todas las partes implicadas sobre las cuestiones
hidrológicas. Identificaremos las mejores
prácticas, partiendo del fomento de la
investigación y de la capacidad de generar
conocimientos, de la difusión de los
conocimientos a través de la educación y de
otros canales y de la necesidad de que los
individuos, las instituciones y las sociedades
compartan los conocimientos en todos los
niveles. Esto incluirá la coordinación a nivel
regional y otros niveles, como corresponda,
para estimular los acuerdos a fin de
hacer frente a las catástrofes
relacionadas con el agua y de
compartir experiencias en la
reforma del sector hidrológico.
También incluirá la cooperación
internacional en el transpaso de
tecnología a países en desarrollo y el
fortalecimiento de su capacidad.
e Teniendo en cuenta el trabajo
preparatorio para los debates de La Haya y los
debates en sí, trabajaremos dentro de
instituciones multilaterales, en particular el
sistema de las Naciones Unidas y las
Instituciones Financieras Internacionales y los
organismos establecidos en los Tratados
Intergubernamentales para fomentar las
políticas relacionadas con el agua y los
programas para incrementar la seguridad
hidrológica, y para ayudar a los países, como
corresponda, a hacer frente a los retos
principales identificados en esta Declaración.
f Hacemos un llamamiento al Secretario
General de las Naciones Unidas para que siga
fomentando la coordinación y la coherencia de
las actividades relativas a los asuntos
hidrológicos, dentro del sistema de las NU.
Nosotros adoptaremos posiciones
consecuentes en los entes gubernamentales
respectivos, con el fin de aumentar la
coherencia en estas actividades.
d Trabajaremos conjuntamente
con otros grupos de interés para
incrementar la efectividad de las
estrategias de control de la polución
basadas en el principio de que ‘el
que contamina paga’ y para estudiar
35
b Seguiremos estimulando el sistema de las
NU para reevaluar periódicamente el estado de
los recursos de agua dulce y ecosistemas
relacionados, para asistir a países, cuando
corresponda, a la hora de crear sistemas para
medir el progreso en la realización de los
objetivos y para informar en el Informe Bianual
del Desarrollo Mundial del Agua, como una
parte del control mundial de la Agenda 21.
unas reglas y unos procedimientos apropiados
en el campo de la responsabilidad y la
compensación por el daño resultante de
actividades peligrosas para los recursos
hidrológicos.
la creación de indicadores de progreso a nivel
nacional y subnacional. Para llevar esto a cabo,
se tendrá en cuenta el valioso trabajo realizado
por el Segundo Foro Mundial del Agua.
g Hacemos un llamamiento al Consejo del
Fondo Mundial para la Protección del Medio
Ambiente (Global Environmental Facility, GEF)
para que amplíe las actividades del GEF con
relación a los recursos de agua dulce,
catalizando las inversiones en asuntos
nacionales de gestión hidrológica que tengan un
impacto beneficioso en las aguas
internacionales.
h Acogemos con agrado la aportación del
Consejo Mundial del Agua por lo que respecta a
la Visión y de la Asociación Mundial del Agua
por lo que respecta a la elaboración del Marco
de Actuación. Acogemos con agrado el trabajo
de seguimiento realizado por todas las partes
actoras relevantes de una manera abierta,
participativa y transparente que abarca a los
principales grupos de la sociedad.
i Hemos tomado nota de las declaraciones
(unidas a la presente Declaración) realizadas
por los representantes de los principales
grupos y las acogemos con agrado como claro
reflejo de su disposición a trabajar con
nosotros en pro de un futuro de seguridad
hidrológica para todos.
8 Reconociendo que las acciones referidas
en el apartado 7, incluido el progreso en
objetivos y estrategias, son importantes y
ambiciosas, revisaremos nuestro progreso
periódicamente en los foros apropiados,
incluido el encuentro en Bonn en el 2002 y la
revisión de 10 años de la implementación de la
Agenda 21.
9 La Conferencia Ministerial reconoce con
agradecimiento que durante el Segundo Foro
Mundial del Agua se ha tratado toda una serie
de cuestiones y que la Presidencia del Foro
presentó dichas cuestiones ante la Conferencia
Ministerial. La importancia de dichas cuestiones
es indudable; plantearemos dichas cuestiones
para que sean estudiadas en los foros
36
pertinentes en el futuro y consideraremos sus
implicaciones para las situaciones nacionales
individuales.
10 Los retos son formidables, pero también
lo son las oportunidades. Hay suficientes
experiencias en todo el mundo que nos pueden
servir de base. Necesitamos trabajar juntos,
desarrollar la colaboración y las asociaciones,
para construir un futuro hidrológico seguro y
sostenible. Nos comprometemos, tanto cada
uno de nosotros individualmente como todos
en conjunto, a lograr lo anterior y a estimular y
facilitar las aportaciones de la sociedad en su
totalidad. Con este fin, acogemos con agrado
los compromisos alcanzados en La Haya (unidos
a la presente Declaración). Esta Declaración
refleja la determinación de nuestros gobiernos
y representa un paso decisivo en el proceso
encaminado a proporcionar seguridad
hidrológica a todos.
11 Nosotros, los Ministros y los Jefes de
Delegación, agradecemos al gobierno y al
pueblo de los Países Bajos su visión y su
hospitalidad al celebrar aquí esta conferencia y
el foro.
Firmada el miércoles 22 de marzo del 2000
en La Haya, Países Bajos.
É‡‡„ÒÍ‡fl ÑÂÍÎ‡‡ˆËfl åËÌËÒÚÓ‚ ÔÓ
ÇÓ‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌË˛ ‚ 21-ÓÏ ÇÂÍÂ
Russian
3
ÉÎ‡‚Ì˚Â ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ˚
èË Â¯ÂÌËË Á‡‰‡˜Ë Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó ‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËfl
Ï˚ ÒÚ‡ÎÍË‚‡ÂÏÒfl ÒÓ ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘ËÏË „Î‡‚Ì˚ÏË
ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ‡ÏË:
ì‰Ó‚ÎÂÚ‚ÓÂÌËÂ „Î‡‚Ì˚ı ÔÓÚÂ·ÌÓÒÚÂÈ:
ÓÒÓÁÌ‡ÌËÂ ÚÓ„Ó Ù‡ÍÚ‡, ˜ÚÓ ‰ÓÒÚÛÔ Í
Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ ‚Ó‰Â, ÂÂ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ
ÍÓÎË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó Ë ÛÎÛ˜¯ÂÌËÂ Ò‡ÌËÚ‡Ì˚ı ÛÒÎÓ‚ËÈ
ÓÚÌÓÒflÚÒfl Í ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì˚Ï ÔÓÚÂ·ÌÓÒÚflÏ
˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍ‡ Ë fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ÏË ‰Îfl Â„Ó
Á‰ÓÓ‚¸fl Ë ·Î‡„ÓÒÓÒÚÓflÌËfl; ÔÂ‰ÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
37
Ministerial Declaration in Russian
2 ÇÒÂ ˝ÚË Û„ÓÁ˚ ÌÂ ÌÓ‚˚, Ú‡ÍÊÂ Í‡Í Ë
ÔÓÔ˚ÚÍË ·Ó¸·˚ Ò ÌËÏË. é·ÒÛÊ‰ÂÌËÂ Ë
ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌ˚Â ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl, ÒÚ‡Ú ÍÓÚÓ˚Ï ·˚Î
‰‡Ì ‚ å‡ ‰ÂÎ¸ èÎ‡Ú‡ ‚ 1977 „Ó‰Û, ·˚ÎË
ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊÂÌ˚ ‚ ÑÛ·ÎËÌÂ Ë ·˚ÎË
ÍÓÌÍÂÚËÁËÓ‚‡Ì˚ Ë ÒÙÓÏÛÎËÓ‚‡Ì˚ ‚
ÉÎ‡‚Â 18 èÎ‡Ì‡ 21 ‚ êËÓ-‰Â-Ü‡ÌÂÈÓ ‚ 1992
„Ó‰Û. éÌË ·˚ÎË ‚ÌÓ‚¸ ÔÓ‰Ú‚ÂÊ‰ÂÌ˚ ‚
è‡ËÊÂ ‚ 1998 „Ó‰Û, CSD-6 Ë Ì‡ ÇÚÓÓÏ
îÓÛÏÂ Ë äÓÌÙÂÂÌˆËË åËÌËÒÚÓ‚ ÔÓ
ÇÓ‰Ì˚Ï êÂÒÛÒ‡Ï. ùÚÓÚ ÔÓˆÂÒÒ ·Û‰ÂÚ
ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊÂÌ Ì‡ ‚ÒÚÂ˜Â ‚ ÅÓÌÌÂ ‚ 2002 „Ó‰Û
(“ÑÛ·ÎËÌ+10”), ÔË ÔÓ‚ÂÍÂ 10-ÎÂÚÌÂÈ
Â‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË èÎ‡Ì‡ 21 Ë ‚ ‰Û„Ëı ÍÓÌÚÂÍÒÚ‡ı.
ç‡ ˝ÚËı Ë ‰Û„Ëı ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰Ì˚ı ‚ÒÚÂ˜‡ı
·˚ÎÓ ‚˚‡·ÓÚ‡ÌÓ ÌÂÒÍÓÎ¸ÍÓ ÒÓ„Î‡¯ÂÌËÈ Ë
ÔËÌˆËÔÓ‚, Ó·‡ÁÛ˛˘Ëı ·‡ÁÛ, Ì‡ ÍÓÚÓÓÈ
ÓÒÌÓ‚‡Ì‡ Ì‡ÒÚÓfl˘‡fl Ë ·Û‰ÛÚ ÓÒÌÓ‚˚‚‡Ú¸Òfl
·Û‰Û˘ËÂ ‰ÂÍÎ‡‡ˆËË. ñÂÎ¸ - ÒÓÁ‰‡ÌËÂ
Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó ‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËfl ‚ 21-ÓÏ ‚ÂÍÂ ÓÚ‡ÁËÎ‡Ò¸ ‚ ·ÂÒÔÂˆÂ‰ÂÌÚÌÓÏ ÔÓˆÂÒÒÂ
¯ËÓÍÓ„Ó Û˜‡ÒÚËfl Ë Ó·ÒÛÊ‰ÂÌËfl ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ
˝ÍÒÔÂÚ‡ÏË, Á‡ËÌÚÂÂÒÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ÏË ÒÚÓÓÌ‡ÏË
Ë ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎflÏË Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚ ‚Ó ÏÌÓ„Ëı
Â„ËÓÌ‡ı ÏË‡. ùÚÓÏÛ ÔÓˆÂÒÒÛ
ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Î‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡ ÇÒÂÏËÌÓ„Ó ëÓ‚ÂÚ‡ ÔÓ
ÇÓ‰Ì˚Ï êÂÒÛÒ‡Ï, ÍÓÚÓ˚È fl‚ËÎÒfl
ËÌËˆË‡ÚÓÓÏ ÔÓˆÂÒÒ‡ ÙÓÏËÓ‚‡ÌËfl
ÇÒÂÏËÌÓÈ èÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚˚ ÇÓ‰Ì˚ı êÂÒÛÒÓ‚,
ÒÓÁ‰‡‚ ÇÒÂÏËÌÛ˛ äÓÏËÒÒË˛ ÔÓ ÇÓ‰Ì˚Ï
êÂÒÛÒ‡Ï ‚ 21-ÓÏ ëÚÓÎÂÚËË Ë ÔËÒÚÛÔË‚ Í
‡Á‡·ÓÚÍÂ ëıÂÏ˚ ÑÂÈÒÚ‚ËÈ ÇÒÂÏËÌÓ„Ó
è‡ÚÌÂÒÚ‚‡ ‚ ÇÓ‰Ì˚ı êÂÒÛÒ‡ı.
1 ÇÓ‰‡ ËÏÂÂÚ ÔÂ‚ÓÒÚÂÔÂÌÌÓÂ ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂ ‰Îfl
ÊËÁÌË Ë Á‰ÓÓ‚¸fl Î˛‰ÂÈ Ë ˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËı
ÒËÒÚÂÏ Ë fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ·‡ÁËÒÌ˚Ï ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚÓÏ
‰Îfl ‡Á‚ËÚËfl ‚ÒÂı ÒÚ‡Ì, Ó‰Ì‡ÍÓ ÔÓ‚Ò˛‰Û ‚
ÏËÂ ÊÂÌ˘ËÌ˚, ÏÛÊ˜ËÌ˚ Ë ‰ÂÚË
ËÒÔ˚Ú˚‚‡˛Ú ÌÂ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓÍ ‚ Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ Ë
·ÂÁÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÈ ‰Îfl ÛÔÓÚÂ·ÎÂÌËfl ‚Ó‰Â, ÍÓÚÓ‡fl
fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Ó‰ÌÓÈ ËÁ Ì‡Ë·ÓÎÂÂ ‚‡ÊÌ˚ı
ÔÓÚÂ·ÌÓÒÚÂÈ ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍ‡. ÇÓ‰Ì˚Â ÂÒÛÒ˚ Ë
Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚Â Ò ÌËÏË ˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËÂ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚,
Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜Ë‚‡˛˘ËÂ Ëı ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Ó‚‡ÌËÂ,
ÔÓ‰‚Â„‡˛ÚÒfl Û„ÓÁ‡Ï, Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚Ï Ò
Á‡„flÁÌÂÌËÂÏ, ËÒÚÓ˘‡˛˘ËÏ
ËÒÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ, ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËflÏË ‚
ÁÂÏÎÂÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌËË, ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËÂÏ ÍÎËÏ‡Ú‡ Ë
ÏÌÓ„ËÏË ‰Û„ËÏË Ù‡ÍÚÓ‡ÏË. ë‚flÁ¸ ÏÂÊ‰Û
˝ÚËÏË Û„ÓÁ‡ÏË Ë ·Â‰ÌÓÒÚ¸˛ Ó˜Â‚Ë‰Ì‡: Ì‡
ÚÂı, ÍÚÓ ·Â‰ÂÌ, ÔËıÓ‰flÚÒfl Ò‡Ï˚Â ÔÂ‚˚Â Ë
Ò‡Ï˚Â ÊÂÒÚÓÍËÂ Û‰‡˚. ùÚÓ Á‡ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ
Ò‰ÂÎ‡Ú¸ Ó‰ËÌ ÔÓÒÚÓÈ ‚˚‚Ó‰: ‚ÂÒÚË ‰ÂÎ‡ Í‡Í
Ó·˚˜ÌÓ ·ÓÎÂÂ ÌÂÎ¸Áfl. ç‡ ÁÂÏÌÓÏ ¯‡Â,
ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ, ËÏÂ˛Ú ÏÂÒÚÓ Ò‡Ï˚Â ‡ÁÎË˜Ì˚Â
ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ˚ Ë ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËË, ÌÓ ÔË Ëı ‡ÁÂ¯ÂÌËË
Ï˚ ËÏÂÂÏ Ó‰ÌÛ Ó·˘Û˛ ˆÂÎ¸: ÔË‰ÚË Í
Ì‡‰ÂÊÌÓÏÛ ‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌË˛ ‚ 21-ÓÏ ‚ÂÍÂ.
ùÚÓ ÓÁÌ‡˜‡ÂÚ: Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜Ë‚‡Ú¸ Óı‡ÌÛ Ë
ÛÎÛ˜¯ÂÌËÂ Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚‡ ÔÂÒÌÓÈ ‚Ó‰˚, ·ÂÂ„Ó‚˚ı
Ë Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò ÌËÏË ˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËı ÒËÒÚÂÏ;
ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸ ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍÂ ÔÓÂÍÚÓ‚,
Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ı Ì‡ ÒÓı‡ÌÂÌËÂ ‚Ó‰Ì˚ı
ÂÒÛÒÓ‚, Ë Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌË˛ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÈ
ÒÚ‡·ËÎ¸ÌÓÒÚË; ÒÚÂÏËÚ¸Òfl Í ÚÓÏÛ, ˜ÚÓ·˚
Í‡Ê‰˚È ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍ ËÏÂÎ ‰ÓÒÚÛÔ Í ‚Ó‰Â
‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ‚˚ÒÓÍÓ„Ó Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚‡ Ë ÔËÂÏÎÂÏÓÈ
ÒÚÓËÏÓÒÚË ‰Îfl Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËfl Á‰ÓÓ‚ÓÈ Ë
ÔÎÓ‰ÓÚ‚ÓÌÓÈ ÊËÁÌË; Á‡˘Ë˘‡Ú¸ Ì‡Ë·ÓÎÂÂ
ÛflÁ‚ËÏÛ˛ ˜‡ÒÚ¸ Ì‡ÒÂÎÂÌËfl ÓÚ ÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚÂÈ,
Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò ÌÂÍ‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï
‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËÂÏ.
Î˛‰flÏ, ‚ ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÌÓÒÚË, ÊÂÌ˘ËÌ‡Ï,
‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚË Û˜‡ÒÚËfl ‚ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËË ‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË
ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË.
é·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËÂ Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ ÔË˘ÂÈ:
ÔÓ‚˚¯ÂÌËÂ Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚‡ ÔË˘Ë, ‚ ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÌÓÒÚË,
·Â‰Ì˚ı Ë ÔÎÓıÓ Á‡˘Ë˘ÂÌÌ˚ı ÒÎÓÂ‚
Ì‡ÒÂÎÂÌËfl, ÔÓÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚ÓÏ ·ÓÎÂÂ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓ„Ó
Ó·ÓÓÚ‡ Ë ËÒÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‚Ó‰˚, ‡ Ú‡ÍÊÂ ·ÓÎÂÂ
ÒÔ‡‚Â‰ÎË‚Ó„Ó ee ‡ÒÔÂ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ‰Îfl
ÔË„ÓÚÓ‚ÎÂÌËfl ÔË˘Ë.
á‡˘ËÚ‡ ˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËı ÒËÒÚÂÏ: Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËÂ
ˆÂÎÓÒÚÌÓÒÚË ˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËı ÒËÒÚÂÏ
ÔÓÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚ÓÏ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl, Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó Ì‡
ÒÓı‡ÌÂÌËÂ ‚Ó‰Ì˚x ÂÒÛÒÓ‚.
ê‡ÒÔÂ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂ ‚Ó‰Ì˚ı ÂÒÛÒÓ‚: ÔÓÓ˘ÂÌËÂ
ÏËÌÓ„Ó ÒÓÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚‡ Ë ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍ‡
ÒËÌÂ„ÂÚË˜ÂÒÍËı Â¯ÂÌËÈ ÔË ‡ÁÎË˜Ì˚ı
‚Ë‰‡ı ËÒÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl ‚Ó‰˚ Ì‡ ‚ÒÂı ÛÓ‚Ìflx,
‚ÒÂ„‰‡, ÍÓ„‰‡ ˝ÚÓ ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓ, ‚ ÔÂ‰ÂÎ‡ı
„‡ÌËˆ Ë, ‚ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â ÏÂÊÌ‡ˆËÓÌ‡Î¸Ì˚ı ‚Ó‰Ì˚ı
ÂÒÛÒÓ‚ – ÏÂÊ‰Û Á‡ËÌÚÂÂÒÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ÏË
„ÓÒÛ‰‡ÒÚ‚‡ÏË ÔÓÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚ÓÏ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl,
Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó Ì‡ ÒÓı‡ÌÂÌËÂ Â˜Ì˚ı
·‡ÒÒÂÈÌÓ‚ ËÎË Ò ËÒÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ ‰Û„Ëı
ÔË„Ó‰Ì˚ı ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰Ó‚.
ìÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ÒÚÂÔÂÌ¸˛ ËÒÍ‡: Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËÂ
Á‡˘ËÚ˚ ÓÚ Ì‡‚Ó‰ÌÂÌËÈ, Á‡ÒÛıË Ë Á‡„flÁÌÂÌËfl
38
Ë ‰Û„Ëı ‚Ë‰Ó‚ ÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚË, Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò
‚Ó‰ÓÈ.
éÒÓÁÌ‡ÌËÂ ˆÂÌÌÓÒÚË ‚Ó‰˚: ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË Ú‡ÍËÏ Ó·‡ÁÓÏ, ˜ÚÓ·˚
Û˜ËÚ˚‚‡Î‡Ò¸ ˝ÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍ‡fl, ÒÓˆË‡Î¸Ì‡fl,
˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡fl Ë ÍÛÎ¸ÚÛÌ‡fl ˆÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸ ‚Ó‰˚
ÔË ‚ÒÂı ‚Ë‰‡ı ÂÂ ËÒÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl;
ÔÓ‰‚ËÊÂÌËÂ ‚ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËË ÒÔ‡‚Â‰ÎË‚ÓÈ
ÓˆÂÌÍË ÛÒÎÛ„ ‚Ó‰ÓÒÌ‡·ÊÂÌËfl Ò ˆÂÎ¸˛ Û˜ÂÚ‡
Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò ˝ÚËÏË ÛÒÎÛ„‡ÏË ‡ÒıÓ‰Ó‚. ùÚÓÚ
ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰ ‰ÓÎÊÂÌ ÔËÌËÏ‡Ú¸ ‚Ó ‚ÌËÏ‡ÌËÂ
ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËfl ÒÔ‡‚Â‰ÎË‚ÓÒÚË
Ë Û‰Ó‚ÎÂÚ‚ÓÂÌËfl ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì˚ı ÔÓÚÂ·ÌÓÒÚÂÈ
·Â‰Ì˚ı Ë ÔÎÓıÓ Á‡˘Ë˘ÂÌÌ˚ı ÒÎÓÂ‚
Ì‡ÒÂÎÂÌËfl.
ÇÁ‚Â¯ÂÌÌÓÂ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË:
Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËÂ Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl, ˜ÚÓ
ÔÓ‰‡ÁÛÏÂ‚‡ÂÚ Û˜‡ÒÚËÂ Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚‡ Ë Û˜ÂÚ
ËÌÚÂÂÒÓ‚ ‚ÒÂı Á‡ËÌÚÂÂÒÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ı ÒÚÓÓÌ ‚
ÔËÌˆËÔ‡x ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË.
êÂ¯ÂÌËÂ ˝ÚËı ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ
å˚, åËÌËÒÚ˚ Ë ÉÎ‡‚˚ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËÈ,
ÓÒÓÁÌ‡ÂÏ, ˜ÚÓ Ì‡¯‡ ‚ÒÚÂ˜‡ Ë Ì‡ÒÚÓfl˘‡fl
ÑÂÍÎ‡‡ˆËfl ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛Ú ÒÓ·ÓÈ ˜‡ÒÚ¸ ·ÓÎÂÂ
¯ËÓÍÓ„Ó ÔÓˆÂÒÒ‡, Ë ˜ÚÓ ÓÌË Ò‚flÁ‡Ì˚ Ò
¯ËÓÍËÏ ÒÔÂÍÚÓÏ ËÌËˆË‡ÚË‚ Ì‡ ‚ÒÂı
4
èÂ‰Î‡„‡ÂÏ˚Â ‚ Ì‡ÒÚÓfl˘ÂÈ ‰ÂÍÎ‡‡ˆËË
ÏÂÓÔËflÚËfl ÓÒÌÓ‚‡Ì˚ Ì‡ ËÌÚÂ„‡Î¸ÌÓÏ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËË ‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË, ˜ÚÓ
ÔÓ‰‡ÁÛÏÂ‚‡ÂÚ ÔÎ‡ÌËÓ‚‡ÌËÂ Ë ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË, Í‡Í Ó·˚˜Ì˚ÏË, Ú‡Í Ë
ÌÂÓ·˚˜Ì˚ÏË, ‡ Ú‡ÍÊÂ ÁÂÏÎÂÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂÏ.
èË ˝ÚÓÏ ÔËÌËÏ‡˛ÚÒfl ‚Ó ‚ÌËÏ‡ÌËÂ
ÒÓˆË‡Î¸Ì˚Â, ˝ÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍËÂ Ë ˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËÂ
Ù‡ÍÚÓ˚ Ë Û˜ËÚ˚‚‡˛ÚÒfl ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÌÓÒÚË
ÔÓÚÓÍÓ‚ Ì‡ÁÂÏÌ˚ı Ë „ÛÌÚÓ‚˚ı ‚Ó‰ Ë
˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËı ÒËÒÚÂÏ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓ˚ı ˝ÚË ÔÓÚÓÍË
ÚÂÍÛÚ. èÓËÁ‚Ó‰ËÚÒfl Û˜ÂÚ Ú‡ÍÓ„Ó ‚‡ÊÌÓ„Ó
Ù‡ÍÚÓ‡, Í‡Í Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚Ó‰˚. Ç ˝ÚÓÈ Ò‚flÁË
ÓÒÓ·ÓÂ ‚ÌËÏ‡ÌËÂ ÒÎÂ‰ÛÂÚ Û‰ÂÎËÚ¸ ËÌÚÂÂÒ‡Ï
·Â‰Ì˚ı ÒÎÓÂ‚ Ì‡ÒÂÎÂÌËfl, ÓÔ˚ÚÛ Ë
ÔÓÚÂ·ÌÓÒÚflÏ ÊÂÌ˘ËÌ Ë ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ‡Ï ÔÎÓıÓ
Á‡˘Ë˘ÂÌÌ˚ı ÁÓÌ, Ú‡ÍËı Í‡Í „ÓÒÛ‰‡ÒÚ‚‡ Ì‡
Ï‡Î˚ı ÓÒÚÓ‚‡ı, ÒÚ‡Ì˚ ·ÂÁ ‚˚ıÓ‰‡ Í
ÁÌ‡˜ËÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Ï ‚Ó‰Ì˚Ï ·‡ÒÒÂÈÌ‡Ï Ë ÁÓÌ˚
ÔÛÒÚ˚Ì¸.
6
éÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎÂÌËÂ ËÌÚÂ„‡Î¸ÌÓ„Ó
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË Á‡‚ËÒËÚ ÓÚ
ÒÚÂÔÂÌË ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl Ë Ô‡ÚÌÂÒÚ‚‡ Ì‡
‚ÒÂı ÛÓ‚Ìflı, ÓÚ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ¸Ì˚ı „‡Ê‰‡Ì ‰Ó
ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰Ì˚ı Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËÈ,
‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Ì‡
ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÈ Â¯ËÏÓÒÚË Ë ¯ËÓÍÓÏ
ÓÒÓÁÌ‡ÌËË Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚ÓÏ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚË
Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó ‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËfl Ë
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl, Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó Ì‡ ÒÓı‡ÌÂÌËÂ
‚Ó‰Ì˚ı ÂÒÛÒÓ‚. ÑÎfl ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎÂÌËfl
ËÌÚÂ„‡Î¸ÌÓ„Ó ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË
ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ Ì‡ÎË˜ËÂ
7
å˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ Ë ‰‡Î¸¯Â ÔÓ‰‚Ë„‡Ú¸ ÔÓˆÂÒÒ
ÒÓÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚‡ Ò ÚÂÏ, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ÓÚ
ÒÓ„Î‡ÒÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ı ÔËÌˆËÔÓ‚ ÔÂÂıÓ‰ËÚ¸ Í
‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËflÏ, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚Ï Ì‡ Ô‡ÚÌÂÒÚ‚Â Ë
ÒËÌÂ„ÂÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÏ Ó·˙Â‰ËÌÂÌËË ÛÒËÎËÈ
Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚, „‡Ê‰‡Ì Ë ‰Û„Ëı
Á‡ËÌÚÂÂÒÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ı ÒÚÓÓÌ. ÑÎfl ˝ÚÓ„Ó:
Ä å˚ ÛÒÚ‡Ì‡‚ÎË‚‡ÂÏ ˆÂÎË Ë ‡Á‡·‡Ú˚‚‡ÂÏ
ÒÚ‡ÚÂ„Ë˛, „‰Â ˝ÚÓ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ, ‰Îfl Â¯ÂÌËfl
ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ Ì‡ ÔÛÚË Í Â‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó
‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËfl. ó‡ÒÚ¸˛ ˝ÚËı ÛÒËÎËÈ
fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl Ì‡¯‡ ÔÓ‰‰ÂÊÍ‡ ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍË
ÔÓÍ‡Á‡ÚÂÎÂÈ ÔÓ„ÂÒÒ‡ Ì‡ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡Î¸ÌÓÏ Ë
ÒÛ·Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡Î¸ÌÓÏ ÛÓ‚Ìflı. Ç ˝ÚÓÈ Ò‚flÁË Ï˚
Û˜ÚÂÏ ˆÂÌÌ˚È ‚ÍÎ‡‰, ‚ÌÂÒÂÌÌ˚È ÇÚÓ˚Ï
ÇÒÂÏËÌ˚Ï îÓÛÏÓÏ ÔÓ ÇÓ‰Ì˚Ï êÂÒÛÒ‡Ï.
Å å˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊ‡Ú¸ ÔÓ‰‰ÂÊË‚‡Ú¸
ÒËÒÚÂÏÛ ééç ÔÓ ÔÂËÓ‰Ë˜ÂÒÍÓÈ
ÔÂÂÔÓ‚ÂÍÂ ÒÓÒÚÓflÌËfl ÂÒÛÒÓ‚ ÔÂÒÌÓÈ
‚Ó‰˚ Ë Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò ÌËÏË ˝ÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËı
ÒËÒÚÂÏ, ÔÓÏÓ„‡Ú¸, ÍÓ„‰‡ ˝ÚÓ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ,
ÒÚ‡Ì‡Ï ‚ ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍÂ ÒËÒÚÂÏ ‰Îfl
ÓÔÂ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ÔÓÍ‡Á‡ÚÂÎÂÈ ÔÓ„ÂÒÒ‡ ‚
Â‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ı ˆÂÎÂÈ Ë ‚
ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚ÍÂ ‰‚Ûı„Ó‰Ë˜ÌÓ„Ó ÇÒÂÏËÌÓ„Ó
éÚ˜ÂÚ‡ ÔÓ ‡·ÓÚ‡Ï ‚ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË ‚Ó‰Ì˚ı ÂÒÛÒÓ‚
‚ Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚Â ˜‡ÒÚË ‚ÒÂÓ·˘Â„Ó ÏÓÌËÚÓËÌ„‡ ÔÓ
èÎ‡ÌÛ 21.
Ç å˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ ‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ ‚ÏÂÒÚÂ Ò ‰Û„ËÏË
Á‡ËÌÚÂÂÒÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ÏË ÒÚÓÓÌ‡ÏË Ì‡‰
ÒÓÁ‰‡ÌËÂÏ ‚˚ÒÓÍÓÈ ÍÛÎ¸ÚÛ˚ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËfl Í
‚Ó‰Â, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌÌÓÈ Ì‡ ·ÓÎÂÂ „ÎÛ·ÓÍÓÏ ÁÌ‡ÌËË Ë
Â¯ËÏÓÒÚË ‰‚Ë„‡Ú¸Òfl ‚ ‚˚·‡ÌÌÓÏ
Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËË. å˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ ‚˚fl‚ÎflÚ¸ ÎÛ˜¯ËÈ
Ô‡ÍÚË˜ÂÒÍËÈ ÓÔ˚Ú, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚È Ì‡ „ÎÛ·ÓÍËı
ËÒÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÌËflı Ë Ì‡ÍÓÔÎÂÌËË ÌÓ‚˚ı ÁÌ‡ÌËÈ,
39
5
ÒÓ„Î‡ÒÓ‚‡ÌÌÓÈ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡Î¸ÌÓÈ Ë, Ú‡Ï, „‰Â ˝ÚÓ
ÌÛÊÌÓ, Â„ËÓÌ‡Î¸ÌÓÈ Ë ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌÓÈ
ÔÓÎËÚËÍË ‰Îfl ÔÂÓ‰ÓÎÂÌËfl ‡Á‰Ó·ÎÂÌÌÓÒÚË
Ë ÒÓÁ‰‡ÌËfl ÔÓÁ‡˜Ì˚ı Ë ÍÓÌÚÓÎËÛÂÏ˚ı
ÒÚÛÍÚÛ Ì‡ ‚ÒÂı ÛÓ‚Ìflı.
ÛÓ‚Ìflı. å˚ ÔÓ‰Ú‚ÂÊ‰‡ÂÏ ÍÎ˛˜Â‚Û˛ ÓÎ¸,
ÍÓÚÓÛ˛ Ë„‡˛Ú Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚‡ ÔË
Â‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË ÏÂÓÔËflÚËÈ, Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ı Ì‡
Â¯ÂÌËÂ ÒÚÓfl˘Ëı ÔÂÂ‰ Ì‡ÏË ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ. å˚
ÓÒÓÁÌ‡ÂÏ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ÌÓ‚˚ı
ËÌÒÚËÚÛˆËÓÌÌ˚ı, ÚÂıÌÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍËı Ë
ÙËÌ‡ÌÒÓ‚˚ı ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰Ó‚ ‰Îfl ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚
ÓÚÓÈÚË “ÓÚ ‚Â‰ÂÌËfl ‰ÂÎ Í‡Í Ó·˚˜ÌÓ”; Ï˚
ÔËÌËÏ‡ÂÏÒfl Á‡ Â¯ÂÌËÂ ÛÍ‡Á‡ÌÌ˚ı
ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ.
Ì‡ ‡ÒÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÂÌËË ÁÌ‡ÌËÈ ÔÓÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚ÓÏ
Ó·‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl Ë ‰Û„Ëı Í‡Ì‡ÎÓ‚ Ë Ì‡
ÒÓ‚ÏÂÒÚÌÓÏ Ó·ÂÚÂÌËË ÁÌ‡ÌËÈ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ¸Ì˚ÏË
ÎËˆ‡ÏË, Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËflÏË Ë Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚‡ÏË Ì‡
‚ÒÂı ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ı ÛÓ‚Ìflı. ùÚÓ ·Û‰ÂÚ
ÔÓËÒıÓ‰ËÚ¸ ÔË ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËË, „‰Â
ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ, Ì‡ Â„ËÓÌ‡Î¸ÌÓÏ Ë ‰Û„Ëı
ÛÓ‚Ìflı ‰Îfl ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸
ÔËÌflÚË˛ ÏÂ, Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ı Ì‡ ·Ó¸·Û Ò
‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË Í‡Ú‡ÒÚÓÙ‡ÏË, Ë ‰Îfl ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚
ÔÓËÒıÓ‰ËÎ Ó·ÏÂÌ ÓÔ˚ÚÓÏ ‚ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË
ÂÙÓÏ˚ ‚Ó‰ÌÓ„Ó ÒÂÍÚÓ‡. ÅÛ‰ÂÚ Ú‡ÍÊÂ
ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎflÚ¸Òfl ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌÓÂ
ÒÓÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË ÔÂÂ‰‡˜Ë
ÚÂıÌÓÎÓ„ËÈ Ë ‚ ÒÚÓËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚Â
ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëı Ó·˙ÂÍÚÓ‚ ‚ ‡Á‚Ë‚‡˛˘ËıÒfl
ÒÚ‡Ì‡ı.
É å˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ ‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ ‚ÏÂÒÚÂ Ò
Á‡ËÌÚÂÂÒÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ÏË ÒÚÓÓÌ‡ÏË Ì‡‰
ÔÓ‚˚¯ÂÌËÂÏ ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË ÔÓˆÂ‰Û
ÍÓÌÚÓÎfl Á‡„flÁÌÂÌËÈ, ·‡ÁËÛ˛˘ËıÒfl Ì‡
ÔËÌˆËÔÂ “ÍÚÓ Á‡„flÁÌflÂÚ, ÚÓÚ ÔÎ‡ÚËÚ”, Ë
Ì‡‰ ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍÓÈ Ô‡‚ËÎ Ë ÔÓˆÂ‰Û ‚ ÒÙÂÂ
ÓÔÂ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÒÚË Ë ÍÓÏÔÂÌÒ‡ˆËË
Á‡ Û˘Â·, fl‚Ë‚¯ËÈÒfl ÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂÏ
‰ÂflÚÂÎ¸ÌÓÒÚË, ÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÈ ‰Îfl ‚Ó‰Ì˚ı ÂÒÛÒÓ‚.
40
Ñ Å‡ÁËÛflÒ¸ Ì‡ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÌÓÈ ‡·ÓÚÂ
ÔÂÂ‰ ‚ÒÚÂ˜ÂÈ ‚ É‡‡„Â Ë Ì‡ ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌÌ˚ı ‚Ó
‚ÂÏfl ˝ÚÓÈ ‚ÒÚÂ˜Ë ‰ËÒÍÛÒÒËflı, Ï˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ
‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ ‚ ‡ÏÍ‡ı ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚÓÓÌÌËı
Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËÈ, ‚ ˜‡ÒÚÌÓÒÚË, ‚ ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡ı ééç,
‚ ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰Ì˚ı ÙËÌ‡ÌÒÓ‚˚ı Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËflı
Ë ‚ Ó„‡Ì‡ı, Û˜ÂÊ‰ÂÌÌ˚ı ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò
ÏÂÊÔ‡‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ÏË ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó‡ÏË, Ò
ˆÂÎ¸˛ ÛÍÂÔÎÂÌËfl ÔÓÎËÚËÍË Ë ÔÓ‰‰ÂÊÍË
ÔÓ„‡ÏÏ, Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ı Ì‡ ÔÓ‚˚¯ÂÌËÂ
Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚‡ ‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËfl, Ë ÔÓÏÓ˘Ë, ÍÓ„‰‡
˝ÚÓ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ, ÒÚ‡Ì‡Ï, ÔË Â¯ÂÌËË ËÏË
ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ, ÒÙÓÏÛÎËÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ı ‚ Ì‡ÒÚÓfl˘ÂÈ
ÑÂÍÎ‡‡ˆËË.
Ö
å˚ Ó·‡˘‡ÂÏÒfl Í ÉÂÌÂ‡Î¸ÌÓÏÛ
ëÂÍÂÚ‡˛ é„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËË é·˙Â‰ËÌÂÌÌ˚ı
ç‡ˆËÈ Ò ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂÏ ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊËÚ¸
ÛÍÂÔÎÂÌËÂ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËË Ë ÒÓ„Î‡ÒÓ‚‡ÌÌÓÒÚË
‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÈ ÔÓ ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ‡Ï ‚Ó‰Ì˚ı ÂÒÛÒÓ‚ ‚
‡ÏÍ‡ı ÒÚÛÍÚÛ ééç. å˚ Á‡ÌËÏ‡ÂÏ
ÔÓÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎ¸ÌÛ˛ ÔÓÁËˆË˛ ‚
ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëı Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı
Ó„‡Ì‡ı, Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌÛ˛ Ì‡ ÛÎÛ˜¯ÂÌËÂ
ÒÓ„Î‡ÒÓ‚‡ÌÌÓÒÚË ÛÍ‡Á‡ÌÌ˚ı ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÈ.
å˚ ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÛÂÏ ‚ÍÎ‡‰ ÇÒÂÏËÌÓ„Ó
ëÓ‚ÂÚ‡ ÔÓ ÇÓ‰Ì˚Ï êÂÒÛÒ‡Ï ‚ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËË
èÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ Ë ÇÒÂÏËÌÓ„Ó è‡ÚÌÂÒÚ‚‡ ‚
ÇÓ‰Ì˚ı êÂÒÛÒ‡ı ÔÓ ‚ÓÔÓÒ‡Ï ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍË
ëıÂÏ˚ ÑÂÈÒÚ‚ËÈ. å˚ ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÛÂÏ
‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Â ÏÂ˚ ‚ÒÂı ‚‡ÊÌ˚ı
Û˜‡ÒÚÌËÍÓ‚ ˝ÚËı ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚, ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎflÂÏ˚Â
ÓÚÍ˚Ú˚Ï Ë flÒÌ˚Ï ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÓÏ, ˜ÚÓ ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎflÂÚ
ÔË‚ÎÂÍ‡Ú¸ ‚ÒÂ „Î‡‚Ì˚Â „ÛÔÔ˚ ‚ Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚Â.
à å˚ ÔËÌËÏ‡ÂÏ Í Ò‚Â‰ÂÌË˛ Á‡fl‚ÎÂÌËfl
(ÔËÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚Â Í Ì‡ÒÚÓfl˘ÂÈ ‰ÂÍÎ‡‡ˆËË),
Ò‰ÂÎ‡ÌÌ˚Â ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎflÏË „Î‡‚Ì˚ı „ÛÔÔ,
Ë ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÛÂÏ Ëı Í‡Í flÒÌÓÂ ‚˚‡ÊÂÌËÂ Ëı
„ÓÚÓ‚ÌÓÒÚË ‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ ‚ÏÂÒÚÂ Ò Ì‡ÏË Ì‡‰
ÒÓÁ‰‡ÌËÂÏ ·Û‰Û˘Â„Ó Ò Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï
‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËÂÏ ‰Îfl ‚ÒÂı.
8
éÒÓÁÌ‡‚‡fl, ˜ÚÓ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl, ÛÍ‡Á‡ÌÌ˚Â ‚
Ô‡‡„‡ÙÂ 7, Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ Ì‡ ‰ÓÒÚËÊÂÌËÂ
‰‡ÎÂÍÓ Ë‰Û˘Ëı ˆÂÎÂÈ Ë ËÏÂ˛Ú ·ÓÎ¸¯ÓÂ
ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂ, Ï˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ ÔÂËÓ‰Ë˜ÂÒÍË ÔÓ‚Ó‰ËÚ¸
ÓˆÂÌÍÛ ‰ÓÒÚË„ÌÛÚ˚ı ÂÁÛÎ¸Ú‡ÚÓ‚ Ì‡
ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëı ÙÓÛÏ‡ı, ‚ ˜ËÒÎÓ ÍÓÚÓ˚ı
‚ıÓ‰ËÚ ‚ÒÚÂ˜‡ ‚ ÅÓÌÌÂ ‚ 2002 „Ó‰Û Ë
ÔÓ‚Ó‰ËÏ‡fl ‡Á ‚ ‰ÂÒflÚ¸ ÎÂÚ ÔÓ‚ÂÍ‡
Â‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËË èÎ‡Ì‡ 21.
10 èÓ·ÎÂÏ˚, ÍÓÚÓ˚Â ÒÚÓflÚ ÔÂÂ‰ Ì‡ÏË,
ÍÓÎÓÒÒ‡Î¸Ì˚, ÌÓ ÒÚÓÎ¸ ÊÂ ‚ÂÎËÍË Ë
ËÏÂ˛˘ËÂÒfl ‚ Ì‡¯ÂÏ ‡ÒÔÓflÊÂÌËË
‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚË. óÚÓ Ì‡Ï ‚ÒÂÏ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ - ˝ÚÓ
‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ ‚ÏÂÒÚÂ, ‡Ò¯ËflÚ¸ ÒÓÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó
Ë Ô‡ÚÌÂÒÚ‚Ó, ÒÓÁ‰‡‚‡fl ·Û‰Û˘ÂÂ Ò
‰ÓÎ„ÓÒÓ˜Ì˚Ï Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï
‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËÂÏ. å˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸
ËÌ‰Ë‚Ë‰Û‡Î¸ÌÓ Ë ÒÓ‚ÏÂÒÚÌÓ, ÒÚÂÏflÒ¸ Í
‰ÓÒÚËÊÂÌË˛ ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌÓÈ ˆÂÎË Ë
ÒÚËÏÛÎËÛfl Û˜‡ÒÚËÂ ‚ ˝ÚÓÈ ‡·ÓÚÂ Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚‡ ‚
ˆÂÎÓÏ. Ç ˝ÚÓÈ Ò‚flÁË Ï˚ ‚˚ÒÓÍÓ ÓˆÂÌË‚‡ÂÏ
‰‡ÌÌ˚Â ‚ É‡‡„Â ÚÓÊÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Â Ó·Â˘‡ÌËfl
(ÔËÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚Â Í Ì‡¯ÂÈ ‰ÂÍÎ‡‡ˆËË).
ç‡ÒÚÓfl˘‡fl ÑÂÍÎ‡‡ˆËfl ÓÚ‡Ê‡ÂÚ
Â¯ËÚÂÎ¸ÌÓÒÚ¸ Ì‡ÏÂÂÌËÈ Ì‡¯Ëı
Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚ Ë ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ ‚‡ÊÌ˚È
¯‡„ Ì‡ ÔÛÚË ÒÓÁ‰‡ÌËfl Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó
‚Ó‰ÓÓ·ÂÒÔÂ˜ÂÌËfl ‰Îfl ‚ÒÂı.
11 å˚, åËÌËÒÚ˚ Ë ÉÎ‡‚˚ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËÈ,
·Î‡„Ó‰‡ËÏ Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚Ó Ë Ì‡Ó‰
çË‰ÂÎ‡Ì‰Ó‚ Á‡ Ëı ÔÓÌËÏ‡ÌËÂ Ë
„ÓÒÚÂÔËËÏÒÚ‚Ó ÔË Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËË ˝ÚÓÈ
ÍÓÌÙÂÂÌˆËË Ë ÙÓÛÏ‡.
èÓ‰ÔËÒ‡ÌÓ ‚ ÒÂ‰Û 22 Ï‡Ú‡ 2000 „Ó‰‡
‚ É‡‡„Â, çË‰ÂÎ‡Ì‰˚
9
äÓÌÙÂÂÌˆËfl åËÌËÒÚÓ‚ ‚˚ÒÓÍÓ
ÓˆÂÌË‚‡ÂÚ ÚÓÚ Ù‡ÍÚ, ˜ÚÓ Ì‡ ÇÚÓÓÏ
ÇÒÂÏËÌÓÏ îÓÛÏÂ ÔÓ ÇÓ‰Ì˚Ï êÂÒÛÒ‡Ï
ÔÓ‰‚Â„Òfl Ó·ÒÛÊ‰ÂÌË˛ ˆÂÎ˚È fl‰ ‚‡ÊÌ˚ı
‚ÓÔÓÒÓ‚, Ë ˜ÚÓ ˝ÚË ‚ÓÔÓÒ˚ ·˚ÎË
ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌ˚ èÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎÂÏ îÓÛÏ‡
41
á
‚ÌËÏ‡ÌË˛ äÓÌÙÂÂÌˆËË åËÌËÒÚÓ‚.
Ç‡ÊÌÓÒÚ¸ ˝ÚËı ‚ÓÔÓÒÓ‚ ÌÂ ‚˚Á˚‚‡ÂÚ
ÒÓÏÌÂÌËÈ; Ï˚ ·Û‰ÂÏ ‚˚‰‚Ë„‡Ú¸ ˝ÚË ‚ÓÔÓÒ˚
‰Îfl ÔÓÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘Â„Ó Ó·ÒÛÊ‰ÂÌËfl Ì‡ ‚‡ÊÌ˚ı
ÙÓÛÏ‡ı ‚ ·Û‰Û˘ÂÏ Ë ·Û‰ÂÏ Á‡ÌËÏ‡Ú¸Òfl
Â‡ÎËÁ‡ˆËÂÈ ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ı ˆÂÎÂÈ Ò Û˜ÂÚÓÏ
ËÌ‰Ë‚Ë‰Û‡Î¸Ì˚ı ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÌÓÒÚÂÈ Í‡Ê‰ÓÈ ËÁ
Ì‡¯Ëı ÒÚ‡Ì.
Ü å˚ Ó·‡˘‡ÂÏÒfl Í ëÓ‚ÂÚÛ ÇÒÂÏËÌÓ„Ó
ùÍÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍÓ„Ó ÇÂ‰ÓÏÒÚ‚‡ (GEF) Ò
ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂÏ ‡Ò¯ËËÚ¸ Ò‚Ó˛ ‰ÂflÚÂÎ¸ÌÓÒÚ¸
‚ ‡ÏÍ‡ı Ï‡Ì‰‡Ú‡ GEF ÔÓ ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ‡Ï ÂÒÛÒÓ‚
ÔÂÒÌÓÈ ‚Ó‰˚ ÔÓÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚ÓÏ ÔÓÓ˘ÂÌËfl
ËÌ‚ÂÒÚËˆËÈ ‚ ÒÙÂÂ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡Î¸ÌÓ„Ó
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË, ˜ÚÓ ·Û‰ÂÚ
·Î‡„ÓÔËflÚÌÓ ‚ÓÁ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸ Ì‡ Â¯ÂÌËÂ
ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ, Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰Ì˚ÏË
‚Ó‰Ì˚ÏË ÂÒÛÒ‡ÏË.
Chinese
Ministerial Declaration in Chinese
42
43
44
45
ÍUô w Í—«“u« d9R*« ÊUO
≤±$‡« Ê dI« w ÁUO*« 5
Q ‰u"
Ministerial Declaration in Arabic
Arabic
WOLM² WOÝUÝ_« U³KD²*«Ë W¾O³« ÂUE½Ë ”UM« W×BË …UO×K UNMŽ vMG« sJ1ôË W¹—Ëd{ …œU ¡U*« Æ±
s¬Ë ·U= Ì¡U v≈ ‰u8u« rUF« ¡U×½√ q= w0 ‰UHÞ_«Ë ‰Ułd«Ë ¡U.M« WŽUD²Ý« w0 fO «c¼ lË ¨ ‰Ëb«
¨ ÀuK²UÐ …œbN ¨ UNOKŽ k0U%Ë UNbIð w²« W¾O³« WLE½√Ë ¨ ÁUO*« —œUBË ÆÅWOÝUÝ_« rNðUłUO²Š« WKÐUI*
U?«b?O?²?Ý« vKŽ √d?D?ð w²« «d?O?G?²« ¡«d?ł s? p?c= …œbNË ¨ —«d?L?²?Ýô« `?O?²?¹ ô q?J?A?Ð UN«bO²ÝUÐË
W?×{«Ë W?Vö?Ž w?¼ d?IH«Ë «b?¹b?N?²?« Ác?¼ 5?Ð 5Ð WVöF«Ë Æ Èdš_« Èu?I?« s? d?O¦=Ë ¨ ŒU?M*«Ë ¨ w?{«—_«
—«dL²Ý« Ê√ u¼Ë ¨ jO.Ð bŠ«Ë ÃU²M²Ý« v≈ p– ÍœR¹Ë Æ …U½UF*« bý√ Êu½UF¹ s ‰Ë√ r¼ ¡«dIH« Ê_ ¨ÅWOKłË
w0 …bzU.« ·ËdE«Ë UłU(« w0 dO³= ËUHðË ŸuMð „UM¼ l³DUÐË Æ ÷u0d —UO²š« u¼ …œUFU= —u_«
¡U*« ÊUL{ wMF¹ U2 ¨ ≤±$‡« Ê dI« w ÁUO*« 5
Q u¼Ë ¨ «bŠ«
Î
Ë U¹b%
Î
ÎUFOLł tł«u½ UMMJË ¨ rUF« ¡U×½√ v²ý
wÝUO.« U³¦«Ë W?OLM²« YŠË ¨ UNÐ WIKF²*« WLE½_«Ë W?OKŠU.« W¾O³« WLE½√ 5.%Ë W¹ULŠË ¨ »cF«
sJL²¹ wJ UNOKŽ —ËbI nOUJ²Ð sü« ¡U*« s wHJ¹U v≈ œd0 q= ‰u8Ë WŠUð≈Ë ¨ —«dL²Ýö qÐUV qJAÐ
Æ ¡U*UÐ WIKF²*« dÞU<« s ¡UHFC« W¹UL(Ë ¨ ÃU²½ù« vKŽ …—bIUÐ l²L²«Ë w×8 qJAÐ WAOF*« s ¡d*«
j?DšË U?A?VU?M?*« √bÐ bVË Æ ÎU?C?¹√ …b?¹b?ł X?.?O? UN²Nł«u* ôËU?;«Ë ¨ …b?¹b?ł X?.?O? U?¹b×²« Ác¼ Æ≤
≤± qLF« ‰Ëbł s ±∏ ¡e'« w0 X−b½«Ë ¨ sKÐœ d³Ž dL²Ý«Ë ¨ ±π∑∑ WMÝ w0 åUðöÐ ‰œ —Uò w0 qLF«
w½U¦« w*UF« d9R*« w0Ë CSD-6 w0Ë ±ππ∏ ÂUŽ w0 f¹—UÐ w0 b¹bł s bL²Ž« rŁ ¨ ±ππ≤ ÂUŽ w0 u¹— w0
WFł«d* «uMÝ ±∞‡« d vKŽ ¨ ©±∞´sKÐœ® ≤∞∞≤ ÂUŽ w0 ÊuÐ w0 qLF« dL².OÝË ¨ Í—«“u« d9R*«Ë ÁUOLK
s? œbŽ —uK³ð ¨ Èdš√ UŽUL²ł«Ë ¨ W?OËb?« UŽUL²łô« ÁcN W−O²½Ë Æ p?– bFÐË ¨ ≤± q?LF« ‰Ëbł cOHMð
·b¼Ë Æ q³I².*« w0 —bB²Ý w²« U½UO³«Ë ÊUO³« «c¼ UNÝUÝ√ vKŽ vM³¹ Ê√ V−¹ ¡ÍœU³*«Ë UVUHðô«
‘UIM«Ë WFÝ«u« W=—UALK qO¦ t o³.¹ r qLŽ qJý vKŽ fJFM¹ ≤±Å‡« ÊdI« w0 ÁUO*« 5Qð dO0uð
qLF« «c¼ œUH²Ý« bVË Æ rUF« w0 …dO¦= oÞUM w0 WuJ(« wHþuË 5ËR.*«Ë 5M9R*«Ë ¡«d³)« q³V s
ÁUO*« d9R? w0 WO*UF« ÁUO*« …d?E?½ q?LŽ —b8√ Íc« ¨ w*UF« ¡U*« fK− UNbV w²« WUN« WL¼U.*« s
—U?Þù« d¹u?D?ð ‰öš sË ¨ ≤±Å‡?« Êd?I?« w?0 W?O?*U?F?« ÁUO*« WM' s¹u?J?ð ‰ö?š s? g=«d? w0 ‰Ë_« wËb?«
Æ ÁUOLK WO*UF« W=—UA*« qLF w.Ozd«
WF(« )U*b,-«
∫ w¼Ë ¨ U¹b% WF³Ý UMU√ ÁUO*« ÊULC Æ≥
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46
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≠≤≠
47
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≠≥≠
48
Reports on the thematic Sessions
terial Conference. The written reports of these
Thematic Sessions are included in this chapter
of the final report.
1. Meeting basic needs
2. Securing the food supply
3. Protecting ecosystems
4. Sharing water resources
5. Managing risks
6. Valuing water
7. Governing water wisely
The Challenge: To recognise that access to
safe and sufficient water and sanitation are basic
human needs and are essential to health and
well-being, and to empower people, especially
women, through a participatory process of
water management.
Main Points of Discussion
and Conclusions
The Chair suggested that delegates discuss the
challenge under the headings of rights, targets,
accountability, costs and role of the private
sector. Delegates agreed on this approach. It
was also agreed that hydro-power has made an
important contribution to basic needs.
Water as a Basic Need or Human Right Throughout the conference there have been
calls for water to be considered a human right.
Bearing in mind the polarised positions of
participants, the Chair suggested there needed
to be some pragmatism on both sides if there
was to be agreement on this issue. It was
suggested that the following form of words may
be appropriate: “clean and adequate water
supplies were fundamental to the successful
exercise of human rights”. After some discussion, agreement was reached that this was an
acceptable approach.
The Issue of Targets - There was agreement that
national and international targets for water and
sanitation are needed. However, there was
also an appreciation of the need to be fully
aware of the costs associated with targets.
There was debate over the abilities to meet the
targets outlined in the documents supporting
the main challenges. This was generally
acknowledged, but it was agreed that the longterm costs associated with not meeting these
would be much higher. It was agreed that the
indicative targets should be adopted.
Accountability - Delegates highlighted the need
for international agencies to adopt a consistent
position in terms of targets. It was stated that a
large number of agencies were working in this
field, often with little co-ordination. The UN
system has a mechanism for collecting information on progress against indicators in water
supply and sanitation via the Joint Monitoring
Committee, and that a mechanism is also being
developed by the ACC sub-committee on
water to report biennially on all water issues. It
was agreed that all agencies working to advance
the Vision, including the GWP, should be
encouraged to report progress through the UN
system.
49
Report of the Thematic Session on Meeting Basic Needs
Ministerial Conference, Attachments to the Declaration
Ministers and other heads of delegation
discussed the seven challenges to achieve water
security, listed in the Ministerial Declaration of
The Hague, in parallel sessions. In the first
round of these Thematic Sessions, they
discussed the challenge of their choice with
selected representatives of stakeholder organisations, participating in the Second World
Water Forum. In the second round ministers
and other heads of delegation discussed the
challenges among themselves. The core results
of these sessions were reported by one of the
participants to the plenary meeting of the Minis-
Reports of the thematic Sessions
Costs - Concern was expressed over the
concept of full cost recovery solely through
water pricing. Whilst members felt it was vital
to establish mechanisms to enable full cost
recovery, the needs of the poor had to be
protected. Subsidies need to be provided in a
transparent manner, hence in some instances it
would be appropriate for governments to meet
costs.
Role of the Private Sector - Participants agreed
that if targets are to be met, private sector
investment is essential. Private-public partnerships are an alternative to full privatisation.
Improved efficiency from private sector inputs
in urban areas gave scope for cross-subsidy to
rural areas, essential if the needs of the rural
poor are to be met. Transparent regulation and
appropriate contract terms are essential.
Donor support mechanisms are already
available.
Meeting the Challenge:
The Ways Forward
• Clean and adequate water supplies should be
considered fundamental to the successful
exercise of human rights.
50
• There is a need to establish both international and national targets on water and sanitation.
• All agencies working to advance the Vision
and Framework, including the GWP, should
be encouraged to report progress through
the UN system.
• Mechanisms should be established to enable
full cost recovery whilst ensuring that the
needs of the poor are protected.
• For targets to be met, some form of private
sector involvement is essential.
Defined Targets
• The proportion of people without access to
hygienic sanitation facilities be halved by
2015.
• The proportion of people not having sustainable access to adequate quantities of safe and
affordable water be halved by 2015.
The Challenge
Participants to the Thematic Sessions endorsed
the main challenge as being to enhance food
security, particularly of the poor and vulnerable, through the more efficient mobilisation
and use, and the more equitable allocation, of
water for food production. The great strains on
food production systems caused by population
growth were emphasised.
and Conclusions
Meeting the Challenge
Achieving more productive and sustainable use
of water whilst meeting ever-growing food
demands will not be easy but can be addressed
through:
• Policy, investment and institutional reforms
at national and international levels to make
markets fairer and more accessible, provide
key inputs to poor and marginal farmers,
ensure that finance is available and create
more responsive institutions.
• Research and capacity building to generate
and ensure the access to and the dissemination of modern technologies and the
exchange of knowledge of appropriate water
51
Important points raised during the discussion
and shared by the participants were:
• Food security is not only a matter of food
production, but also of access to food,
particularly for the poor and the vulnerable,
of the way food is handled and stored after
being produced and the nutritional value of
food.
• The important role of women in food
production, the storage and preparation of
food and improvments to the nutritional
value of food.
• The importance of enhancing food security
by way of increasing the area under sustainable irrigation.
• Regarding the investment of the private
sector in irrigation projects, participants
were of the opinion that generally speaking
the irrigation sector does not attract private
investors.
• Regarding cost recovery in irrigation
projects, the participants felt that poor
farmers can at most afford to pay for operational and maintenance costs.
• The need in developing countries of a balance
between the use of modern technology and
traditional knowledge in enhancing food
production and the quality of food, furthering
the nutritional value of food and securing the
access of small farmers to modern technology.
• The key role of the governments in investment in infrastructure in rural areas,
education, especially in connection with the
growth of the population, and research and
development. The initiative of The Netherlands, directed at all participants to adapt
research programmes concerning water and
food in the light of the recommendations of
the Forum and the Conference, was noted in
this context.
• The key role of governments in empowering
communities and fostering the involvement
of different stakeholders, especially women,
in policy-development and implementation in
rural areas, thereby enhancing the transparency and acountability of institutions that
are involved in the development and implementation of those policies.
• the need to secure equal access for all
farmers, especially women, to productive
resources such as water, land, propagating
material, technology and the results of
applied research.
• Without being specific, there was agreement
on the need of institutional reforms, capacity
building and reforms in the international
trade system.
Report of the Thematic Sessions on Securing the Food Supply
management and food production strategies,
especially to poor farmers. International
collaboration between research institutes
and knowledge sharing is essential and should
be a focus of support.
• Community action for water asset management and empowerment, based around
providing local people, and especially the
poor, with the means to guarantee their own
food security, to improve water productivity
and to enhance contributions to meeting the
food needs of growing cities.
• Recognising, in policy development and
execution, that food security is not only
concerned with food production, but also
with rural development, the quality aspects
of food, the storage of food and the nutritional value of food.
Report of the Thematic Sessions on Protecting Ecosystems
The Challenge:
There was agreement that the prime challenge
is to ensure the integrity of ecosystems through
sustainable water resource management. The
meeting added as a related challenge the
difficult task of changing human comprehension
of the problem so that human behaviour
becomes supportive, rather than a negative
force, in its dealings with nature.
and Conclusions:
• All agreed at the outset that ecosystems
must be conserved and restored in order to
ensure sustainable water resources for
humanity.
• However, water is not just a physical
substance essential to human life, but is also
52
•
•
•
•
the environment that supports all other living
things.
Trans-boundary co-operation through
regional bodies is vital for shared waters;
regional accords, consistent with international conventions, will facilitate this cooperation.
Human population growth is the driver
behind many of the problems facing ecosystems and must be fully considered in conservation strategies.
We must change thinking to recognise that
ecosystems are the source of water; it is not
a question of how much water to put back to
conserve nature and biodiversity but how
much not to take out in the first place.
Contrary to common belief, in areas where
water is scarce, it can become a unifying
Meeting the Challenge The Ways Forward
Defined Targets
The meeting examined the proposed target that
national standards should be established to
ensure the health of ecosystems in all countries
by 2005 and programmes to improve health of
freshwater ecosystems will be implemented by
2015. Several expressed support in their
country for such targets. It was agreed that
international expertise should be brought to
bear to propose models and best practices,
consistent with existing international conventions, from which national legislation and
programmes may be derived. Methods of international arbitration should be a part of this.
Report of the Thematic Sessions on Shared Water Resources
The Challenge is “to promote peaceful cooperation and develop synergies between
different uses of water at all levels, whenever
possible, within and, in the case of boundary and
trans-boundary water resources, between
states concerned, through sustainable river
basin management or other appropriate
approaches.
Shared water was identified as both a sustain-
able development issue and as a tool for cooperation and peace building. Many successful
examples were presented. It was acknowledged that these issues present a significant
political challenge. Addressing these issues not
only requires political will, but also technical
solutions. The discussion focused on three key
areas:
• Political/legal - Political commitment; legal
frameworks; and process ownership.
• Technical - Information sharing;
53
• The first step along the road to freshwater
ecosystem conservation should be a world
information and education campaign to raise
awareness of the severity of the problem we
all face, along with successful examples
proving that change is possible.
• The best approach is integrated land and
water use planning at the basin level, within a
broader ecosystem context, in which all
sectors assume their responsibility, and all
stakeholders, especially women, who bear
the brunt of poor water management, are
involved; this can be legislated or enacted
through policies; in many areas, institution
and capacity building is vital.
• Strategic environmental impact assessment is
a useful tool, linking freshwater ecosystem
conservation with the effects of other developments, including pollution, urban development and environmentally damaging
industrial practices.
• Quantitative values need to be applied to
ecosystem goods and services so that they
are truly appreciated and so that the financial
resources needed to conserve and restore
ecosystems can be justified. Much research is
needed to assess these values.
• Financial incentives to promote conservation
are necessary, together with the removal of
financial disincentives that lead to ecosystem
degradation.
• Community-based programmes are an
effective way to build support and understanding by demonstrating that the solutions
are in their hands.
• Strong governance and will is needed, but
this implies not just governments, but participation by the private sector and the individual.
force as easily as it is a source of division and
conflict.
supply/demand side management; and participation.
• Financial - Promoting investment and private
sector involvement.
the Ways Forward
Political/legal Aspects
• Identify principles to guide the formation of
regional water sharing agreements. Key
issue to consider is ‘equitable’ versus ‘equal’
distribution of water and benefits from
water.
• Develop, strengthen, and enforce agreements, as appropriate, on the bilateral, basinwide, regional, or global level.
• All stakeholders should be fully involved.
Technical Aspects
• Develop integrated approaches to address
both quantity and quality issues, at the
regional level, involving local communities.
• Improve understanding of common water
resources. Information sharing and technical
co-operation could promote confidence thus
preparing the ground for initiatives in the
future.
• Promote demand side management and
improve water efficiency to minimise stress
on national water resources and thus reduce
transnational issues. Consider the advantages
of redirecting water to more valuable uses.
Financial Aspects
• Provide outside assistance to basins, which
engage in good water management.
• Develop innovative mechanisms to promote
public and private investment.
Report of the Thematic Sessions on Managing Risks
The Challenge
To provide security from floods, droughts,
pollution and other water-related hazards.
These hazards are taken to include the threat to
fragile freshwater resources in island states and
coastal regions resulting from sea level rise, as
well as the environmental and physical impact of
sediment carried by rivers and the uncontrolled
growth of water plants.
•
•
•
and Conclusion
• Risks were identified in relation to floods,
droughts, pollution and sea level rise. In
addition, the subject of civil liability was
addressed.
• Hazards of natural origin cannot be
prevented: a hundred percent protection
cannot be provided and in most cases there
is no such thing as zero risk.
• Preventive measures are the key to reducing
54
•
risks, and are far more cost-effective than
post-disaster responses.
A distinction was made between disasters
resulting from natural hazards and those
resulting from human action.
The management of risks should be carried
out at the river basin level.
Consultation with the public should take
place at all stages. Raising public awareness is
essential in taking management decisions, as
is the involvement of local communities, with
men and women on an equal footing.
Women and children are usually the most
vulnerable to water-related disasters.
the Ways forward
• The collection of data and the exchange of
information, between meteorologists and
hydrologists, between countries, and
between government authorities and local
in relation to the occupation of flood plains.
• Civil liability should be recognised as an
economic instrument in relation to prevention of accidental pollution.
Target
Countries are encouraged to set feasible and
quantifiable targets for reduction in waterrelated risks. One example is ‘to reduce by 50%
the proportion of the population threatened by
water-related hazards by the year 2015’.
Report of the Thematic Sessions on Valuing Water
To manage water in a way that reflects its
economic, social, environmental and cultural
values for all its uses, and move towards pricing
water services to reflect the cost of their
provision. This approach should take account
of the need for equity and the basic needs of the
poor and vulnerable.
and Conclusions
• Valuing Water - Members agreed that the full
resource value (economic, social, cultural
and environmental) should be recognised in
water management decisions. Once the true
value of the resource is recognised there
should be a move towards cost recovery
with cross subsidy and block tariffs for water
services that increase as consumption rises.
• Pricing of Water: members recognised water
as a basic human right but that it should not
be provided free of charge. A balance should
be struck between pricing and social rights of
access to water services. Charging for water
fosters an appreciation of the true value of
water by all consumers, and encourages wise
water use. However, participants recognised
that, in order to address equity issues,
pricing mechanisms such as lifeline tariffs,
rebates and appropriate subsidies targeted to
benefit the poor were required. Tariffs
should be structured so that the poor have
access to sufficient water for basic needs and
so that wasteful and damaging use of water is
penalised. Prices should also reflect use
prioritisation. Members also indicated that
the poor are often willing to pay a higher
price for water services provided quality and
provision are guaranteed.
• Institutional Changes: participants felt that
above all there should be transparency in the
decision making process. Stakeholders
require access to appropriate information
and means to enable them to influence
decisions over water allocation, price and
charging mechanisms. Public, private and
self-supply communities all have a role in
service provision, depending on prevailing
geographical and cultural contexts and local
capacities. Whenever water services are
privatised, there is need for a regulatory
function to ensure fair pricing, assure quality
and infrastructure investment in water
services in remote parts of the country.
• Establishing Sound Finances: it was acknowledged that water service providers require a
revenue stream to enable operation, maintenance and rehabilitation of water infrastruc-
55
The Challenge
communities should be improved. Forecasting systems, including early warning
sytems for the public, must also be improved.
• The risks of hazards becoming disasters can
be reduced by taking preventive measures. In
the case of floods and droughts, this should
be seen as part of integrated water management and include spatial planning and land
use planning, taking into account the interconnections within ecosystems.
• Appropriate legislation should be enacted in
support of these measures, and in particular
ture. The importance of a stable financial
environment for private sector investors was
highlighted.
The Ways Forward
• Changes in perceptions and attitudes are
required at all levels to reflect the true value
of water as a resource.
• Provision must reflect the full cost of water
services whilst explicitly addressing equity
and the basic needs of the poor.
• Transparency and participation by stakeholders in the decision-making processes of
water management institutions are needed.
• A stable political, economic and social environment is required to foster investment in
water services and the operation, maintenance
and rehabilitation of water infrastructure.
Defined Targets
The participants noted the provisional target
that was provided in the briefing report: ‘the
economic value of water is recognised and will
be fully reflected in national policies and strategies by 2005 and mechanisms established by
2015 to facilitate full cost pricing for water
services whilst ensuring needs of the poor are
guaranteed’. No decisions were taken on the
setting of targets. This was considered to be the
prerogative of the individual countries guided
by the work done to date.
Report of the Thematic Sessions on Governing Water Wisely
The Challenge
To ensure good governance, so that the
involvement of the public and the interests of all
stakeholders are included in the management of
water resources.
and Conclusions
After a long, constructive and intense debate
the following points were discussed and conclusions were identified.
There is a need for:
• National integrated water resource management (IWRM) policies, taking into consideration river basin management.
• Transparent and flexible national laws as a
prerequisite for IWRM policy development.
• The participation of all stakeholders at all
levels of IWRM, with special attention to
gender and youth.
• The improvement of consultation structures
and processes at all levels, especially at a
local level.
56
• Better co-ordination and institutional
strengthening to overcome fragmented
responsibilities in the field of IWRM.
• The provision of additional financing, especially at the community level.
• Increased awareness and communication.
• More involvement of women in water
management as important stakeholders,
especially in developing countries.
• The formation of an inter-ministerial
committee on gender. The reallocation of
budgets in water projects and representation
of women was discussed.
• Looking at models of IWRM, it is necessary
to recognise the diversity present between
different countries. In order to create conditions in which such models can work, appropriate incentives and the right balance
between public and private sectors are
needed.
Defined Targets
Comprehensive policies and strategies for
IWRM in process of implementation in 75% of
the countries in 2005 and in all countries by
2015.
It is recommended that:
• The development of co-operation, with a
particular emphasis on information exchange
and technical assistance, needs to be
strengthened.
• New networks are formed or existing
networks are increasingly used for the
exchange of knowledge and experience
between North and South.
• With the aim to enhance sustainability,
capacity building at all levels should occur.
• Special attention will be paid to youth, especially in the area of awareness and/or
education, in both the formal and informal
sectors.
• The important role of women in water
management is recognised and that an interministerial committee to develop practical
proposals for addressing gender concerns
issues at the 3rd World Water Forum in 2003
is formed.
the Ways Forward
57
Reports on the regional Sessions
Ministers and other heads of delegation
discussed water security in parallel Regional
Sessions. The core results of these sessions
were reported by one of the participants to the
plenary meeting of the Ministerial Conference.
The written reports on these Regional Sessions
are included in this chapter of the final report.
1. Africa
2. The Americas
3. Asia and the Pacific
4. Europe
5. Middle-East and North Africa
Report of the Regional Session on Africa
Clear and sufficient water is a human right which should be affordable to all.
Better coordination: There is a need for
better coordination between organisations at
the national and international level, to increase
the accountability of these organisations. The
information exchange on technical support
from development cooperation activities
(North-South) should be improved.
responsibility of the private sector for the
needs of the poor. Before any privatisation
takes place all stakeholders should be involved.
Poverty: Water can play a major role in solving
the problem of poverty. A pre-condition for
this is awareness raising and education for all
people, but particularly of women and youth.
International Cooperation is very important
for solving water problems. Aspects identified
are:
• The need for harmonisation of international
conventions.
• The meeting agreed to propose attaching to
the Final Declaration two documents
prepared by ministers of Central African
countries and West-African countries.
Catchment Approach
• In the first place good management practices
should be implemented.
• An international convention on sharing water
resources is needed to avoid cross-boundary
conflicts.
• Transboundary water resources should be
shared by equal sovereign reparian states.
Private Sector: Privatisation of the water
sector requires the establishment of a regulatory authority within governments, to ensure
price and quality of water remain at reasonable
levels. The meeting felt a shortcoming in the
58
Costing of Water: When full costing of water
is considered, a distinction should be made
between those who can afford to pay the cost
price and those who cannot (the poor), for
whom subsidies can be applied. The price of
water should be dependent on its use.
Food Supply: There is an important role for biand multi-lateral organisations in research and
technology to increase agricultural production.
The role of communities should be strengthened.
Financing Water Problems: A ‘think tank’ is
needed for financing solutions to water problems.
Risk Management: Communication (including
through the media) in the case of floods needs
to be improved, to reach the vulnerable
communities. There is a need for early warning
systems with adequate lead time. Knowledge
and information should be shared and national
centres enhanced.
Pollution: Special attention is requested to the
issue of dumping waste chemicals in developing
countries. Civil liability for pollution of water
resources should be established.
Good Governance: There is a need for transparent laws which can be the basis for national
policies on integrated river basin management
and can legitimate national and local institutions.
representatives from Africa to the interministerial sub-committe on gender. Africa will be
Debt Relief: Debt relief should be part of the
international process for improving the water
situation.
Comments on the
Ministerial Declaration
• In paragraph 7 (i) ‘welcome’ should be
replaced by ‘note’
• In the same paragraph change, ‘as a clear
reflection’ to ‘and welcome their expressions’.
• The amendments in the other languages
versions have to be performed by the official
translators.
• New documents should be ‘noted’ and not
‘adopted’ by the conference.
Report of the Regional Session on the Americas
The Challenge
To develop a regional perspective on the issues identified in the Draft Ministerial
Declaration, and identify the challenges and opportunities for the Americas in water
resources conservation and management.
The Main Points of Discussion
• The Delegates from the Americas affirmed
their appreciation of and support for the
draft Ministerial Declaration, as a nonbinding political message to focus attention
on water resources conservation and
management, and to promote regional cooperation.
• While the Draft Ministerial Declaration
represents a consensus on a wide range of
issues, the document should be carefully
analysed to reflect the strategic issues of
concern for the Americas.
• Written reservations to the Draft Declaration were submitted by Brazil, Costa Rica,
Paraguay and Uruguay.
• It was emphasised that water is an important
resource for economic growth and development.
• Implementation of the goals outlined in the
draft Ministerial Declaration would require
the strengthening of institutional framework
and capacity at the regional and national
levels, the sharing of information and
knowledge, and the transfer of technology.
• Concern was expressed about the appropriate mechanisms for the valuation and
pricing of water, and the implications for
equity and access to all.
• Risk assessment and management policies
and programmes should be adopted to
reduce the vulnerability and impacts of
natural disasters in the region.
59
Gender: The meeting agreed to delegate two
represented by ministers from Zimbabwe and
Togo.
The target for the removal of 50% of the people
in flood prone areas to safer places in 2025 is
supported by the meeting. This means also to
avoid settlement in risk-prone areas.
The Way Forward
It is recommended that:
• Official translations of the Ministerial Declaration into the UN languages be prepared
and submitted to the Delegates.
• ‘Water Sustainability’ as a more appropriate
term instead of ‘Water Security’.
• The Ministerial Declaration includes references on the need for transborder cooperation to ensure the equitable and just
sharing of water resources.
• Rational approaches for the valuation of
water services be undertaken to determine
an appropriate cost, while at the same time
subsidies and other incentives be put in place
to assist those communities that are unable
to pay for water services.
• States address the unsustainable practices of
industry, other sectors, and urban communi-
ties that impact negatively on water
resources, including upstream and downstream effects.
• All stakeholders should be given an opportunity to participate in the decision-making
processes regarding water resources conservation and management.
• The implementation of regional development
projects and programmes should take into
consideration the economic, social and environmental conditions of the States
concerned.
• The role of multilateral financial institutions
and multinational co-operations in water
resources conservation and management be
more carefully examined.
Report of the Regional Session on the Asia-Pacific Region
The Ministers and their representatives accept the seven challenges presented to
them in the Ministerial Declaration and the Vision at this global forum. They determined that the challenges needed to be brought down to the regional and country
level.
The Asia and Pacific region is diverse in terms of
the level of economic development and physical
characteristics. Despite diversity, poverty is all
pervasive. The Asia Pacific region houses twothirds of the world’s poor people. 800 million
lack access to safe water and 2 billion lack
access to basic sanitation. There are different
issues and priorities at country level, but
common approaches can help tackle the challenges the region faces.
Key Issues Identified Were:
• Meeting of basic needs is the priority - the
session highlighted that national governments and regional donor agencies should
revisit their priorities.
• A culture of full cost recovery is absent,
leading to huge inefficiencies in the use of
60
water, especially in agriculture. There are
political sensitivities in demanding full cost
recovery suddenly. Each country in the
region should take steps towards that goal.
• There is a need for water sector reform that
creates strong institutions, policy and law,
enabling and ensuring people`s participation
at all levels. It was further identified that
water management institutions be separated
from water delivery institutions. Water
delivery institutions need to be more
autonomous and accountable, and embrace
community ownership.
• Sectoral reforms need to go hand-in-hand
with private sector partnership. The form of
partnerships needs to be flexible, and it was
agreed that options be available.
• In the longer run, and for the prosperity of
the South Asia region in particular, there is a
need for regional and bilateral co-operation
in shared rivers, based around a basin-wide
management approach.
Report of the Regional Session on Europe
The meeting focused on the Main Challenges of the Ministerial Declaration.
Although these challenges are discussed separately, they were considered to be
closely linked. The following aspects were deemed important.
1. Basic Needs.
There was common agreement on the following
text: In addition to the challenge of meeting the
basic needs, the [European] countries at their
Regional Session agreed that access to safe and
sufficient water and sanitation should also be
considered as a basic right.
2. Protecting Ecosystems.
• Awareness raising at all levels on the importance of ecosystems in water production: no
water, no life, (ecosystems).
• Integrated approach including all relevant
issues.
• The restoration of damaged ecosystems and
their potential transboundary effects.
3. Securing the Food Supply.
• A very cautious approach to, and the need
for labelling, genetically modified organisms.
61
Having diagnosed the problems, the session
agreed on the need to set to work to
overcome them. The session highlighted that
national governments and regional donor
agencies should set their programmes in line
with all challenges enunciated in The Hague
Ministerial Declaration. The region will be more
successful if it can move forward together, and
can share information, technology and experience and the costs of doing so.
• Proper maintenance of water infrastructure
has not received due attention despite its
impact on improving the economic conditions of the poor. National governments and
donor agencies need to think seriously about
methodologies for ensuring proper maintenance.
• A huge potential for hydropower generation
lies within the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
region that can meet the need of the eastern
Himalayan region. For this, regional cooperation and international financing
arrangements will be necessary. Alongside
these and other major efforts, rural electrification will harness water indirectly for the
benefit of the poor, and especially reduce the
drudgery of women’s lives.
4. Sharing Water Resources
It was recommended that sharing water
resources should be based around:
• A river basin approach.
• International agreements are implemented
and effective; these could be used as
examples.
• Change the ‘demand oriented management’
into ‘resource oriented management’.
• Exchange of information and relevant data
for mutual trust for transboundary cooperation.
5. Managing Risks
• Good experiences of disaster mitigation and
co-operation on a transboundary basis are a
source of inspiration for regions.
• European proposal for a liability regime as an
economic instrument for disaster prevention
and mitigation.
6. Valuing Water
• Strong support for full cost recovery, taking
account of the basic needs of the poor.
• The private sector could play an important
role under an appropriate regulatory
framework.
7. Governing Water Wisely
• Water management is a state responsibility
including stakeholder involvement and partnership. Strong institutions and communication are essential.
8. Other Issues
• Secure water resources by sustainable water
consumption.
• European follow up of the Second World
Water Forum could take place in various fora
such as UN ECE Meetings of the Parties of
the Convention on the Protection and Use of
Transboundary Water Courses and International Lakes and the Ministerial Conference
Environment for Europe Kiev 2002. Regional
reports on the implementation could be
beneficial.
• Special emphasis on gender issues for the
next World Water Forum: women should be
given a fair share in decision-making.
Report of the Regional Session on the Middle East and North Africa
The delegations noted that the water resource position in the region is very difficult.
Some 5% of the world’s population have access to only 1% of the available water.
The distribution of water resources is complex in space and time. Water scarcity is
recognised as a major issue for future policies in many countries of the region.
There are also major issues related to sharing
trans-boundary water resources and unresolved political problems.
The delegations discussed various technical
measures that could reduce the pressure on
water resources, to meet the needs of growing
populations and support rising standards of
living. These included:
• Strategies for managing both groundwater
and surface water resources, and to increase
62
the efficiency and effectiveness of water use.
• Recycling waste water to reduce pollution
and increase water availability.
• Desalination, building on work already being
done in the region.
• Using science and technology to increase the
productivity of water in agriculture (through
advances in crops and water saving techniques) and in industry.
• Reducing wastage of water in all its uses.
There was extensive discussion of collaboration
on water resources, and support for this to be
extended wherever possible on appropriate
issues. Examples were given of successful
meetings of technical experts, and the willingness to share research results. The danger of
pollution or desertification spreading across
states was also noted, together with the importance for the future of the region of finding
agreed solutions to water resource problems.
Comments on the
The delegations recorded concern about inconsistencies between the English, French, Spanish
and Arabic versions of the Ministerial Declaration, in particular over the use of the word
“resolve” in paragraph 9.
63
Delegates were reminded of the need to free
women from the labour of fetching water,
which is especially important in rural areas, and
to ensure that all people of the region can
readily access safe water. Allocation issues
however were also raised as a sensitive issue
for trans-boundary waters.
Members observed that knowledge of these
technologies was limited in some of the
countries in the region. Understanding could be
extended by establishing pilot projects in each
country, for example on recycling of wastewater and desalination. They also noted the
need to attract international funding for the
substantial investments that will be required to
realise the potential contribution of these technologies to improved water use.
Pledges
Pledges
As a clear token of their commitment to the
implementation of the Ministerial Declaration
of The Hague on Water Security in the 21st
Century, several countries and international
organisations made a written pledge.
The pledges made by these countries and
organisations are listed in this chapter.
1. Cambodia
2. Germany
3. Morocco (in French)
4. The Netherlands
5. Norway
6. Sweden
7. United Kingdom
8. United Republic of Tanzania
9. Global Environmental Facility
10. Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development
11. World Bank
Cambodia
Commitment of the Royal Government of Cambodia
to effective water management for sustainable development
Recently, by upgrading the General Department
of Hydrology, Irrigation and Meteorology of the
Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fishery, and
creating a new Ministry of Water Resources
and Meteorology, the Royal Government of
Cambodia has pledged and committed itself to
strengthen the water policy and security for
sustainable development, in particular meeting
basic needs, securing the food supply and
managing risks.
Ngo Pin, Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Water
Resources and Meteorology
Germany
Pledge by the German delegation
The German Federal Government is prepared:
• On the national level, to work closely with
the German federal states in the framework
of the Standing Committee of Federal States
on Water (LAWA) to establish innovative
ways for the implementation of the river
basin management approach;
• In the context of our bilateral co-operation
with developing countries, to support the
ongoing initiative of the Southern African
Development Community to establish River
Basin Commissions on shared water courses,
with special attention to the Limpopo River;
64
• On the international level, to host an international conference on fresh water issues in
January 2002 in Bonn as a preparatory step
to facilitate discussions on sustainable development and fresh water issues at CSD 10 and
the UN conference to review the implementation of Agenda 21 in 2002.
Dr. Uschi Eid, Deputy-Minister for Economic
Co-operation and Development
Morocco
Le Royaume du Maroc profites de cette
occasion pour réitérer l’appel aux organisations
internationales, qui encouragent avec force le
développement des ressources en eau dans le
cadre de la nouvelle vision mondiale de l’eau,
pour appuyer les projets sectoriels nationaux et
régionaux au profit des générations futures.
Maroc rappelles également l’appel fait par feu Sa
Majesté Hassan II lors du Premier Forum
Mondial de l ‘Eau d’un Fond International de
Solidarité Pour l’Eau.
Il réaffirme à nouveau cet engagement à l’occasion du Deuxième Forum Mondial de l’Eau à La
Haye, puisque Sa Majesté Le Roi Mohamed VI,
comme cela vous a été déjà annoncé lors de la
cérémonie d’ouverture du Deuxième Forum,
instauré un Prix Hassan II, récompensant les
meilleures initiatives internationales en matière
de gestion durable de l’Eau. Ce prix sera
décerné par le Conseil Mondial de l’Eau à l’occasion des Fora Mondial de l’Eau.
Pars d’allocution de S.E. mr. Bouamor
Taghouan, Ministre de l’Equipement du
Royaume du Maroc
The Netherlands
Pledge of The Netherlands in relation to the Ministerial Declaration of The Hague
As a delta country The Netherlands has been
engaged in a constant battle against water for
centuries. The current national water problems
vary from flood hazards due to sea level rise and
river canalisation to groundwater depletion,
while the water quality is continuously under
pressure. These problems require flexible and
innovative policies.
In the years to come The Netherlands will use
water as one of the leading principles in spatial
planning and urban development, further
sustain integrated coastal zone management,
reassess the management of risks and put the
principles of integrated water resource
management into action, inter alia at a river
basin level, taking into account the need for a
more equal representation of women and men.
In this context, The Netherlands will take the
initiative for establishing an informal Ministerial
gathering on gender. Furthermore, we will
continue our efforts to guarantee a high quality
water supply and sanitation, taking into account
ecological conditions and apply innovative
approaches in urban areas.
The World Water Vision, the Framework for
Action and the Ministerial Declaration of The
65
Pledges
En tant que pays ayant fait du développement
des ressources en eau un pilier de son essor
socio-économique, le Maroc souhaite rappeler
à l’occasion de ce Forum sa disposition et sa
volonté de partager son expérience dans le
domaine de l’eau dans le cadre de la coopération régionale, en particulier Sud-Sud.
Le Maroc a déjà avec l’organisation du Premier
Forum Mondial de l’Eau montré son fort
engagement à oeuvrer dans le concert international pour supporter les efforts pour une
meilleure gestion de l’eau.
Pledge of Morocco
Pledges
Hague on Water Security in the 21st Century
give us inspiration to make the required steps
towards implementation and actions. By sharing
our knowledge and expertise with other interested parties, we intend to make our contribution to solving the water crisis in the world.
Through an international action plan called
‘Partners for Water’, we already attribute
technical expertise and share institutional and
managerial experiences. Furthermore, provided
that countries concerned choose the water
sector as one in which our cooperation
programmes concentrate, the total government
funds for water-related activities in developing
countries will be doubled (from approximately
100 million NLG to approximately 200 million
NLG per year) over a period of four years.
Based on the conclusions of the recent evaluation by the Inspectorate for Development
Cooperation, cooperation will focus on
support for the development of coherent
strategies and policies and for building institutional capacities to achieve integrated water
resources management.
The Netherlands will make resources available
to develop the International Institute for Infrastructural, Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering (IHE Delft) into an International
Institute for Water Education under the aegis of
UNESCO. Finally, The Netherlands will adapt
its national programmes in research, training
and management concerning water for food and
rural development to the spirit and recommendations of the Forum and the Ministerial
Conference (Partners in water for food leaflet
attached). A similar adaptation on water and
ecosystems is being considered.
Mrs. Monique de Vries, Acting Minister of
Transport, Water Management and Public
Works of The Netherlands
Attachment to The Netherlands’ pledge
Partners in Water for Food The Netherlands’ Government has made pledges on the occasion of this
Ministerial Conference. One of these pledges was prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management
and Fisheries and concerns food and rural development. This pledge is presented as an effort on the part of our
Government to translate the Vision into Action.
The Netherlands pledge on Water for Food implies the
Partner Organisations. National institutes on water
following:
research, training and water management would join
1 Adapting the Ministry’s own programmes in research,
as Partner Institutes. Private sector institutes and
training and management concerning water for food
NGOs can also join. Meetings would be held annually
and rural development to the spirit and recommenda-
in one of the Partner countries.
tions of the Forum and the Ministerial Conference;
2 Calling on other Governments at this Ministerial Conference to make similar adjustments;
3 Inviting Governments to exchange knowledge and expe-
The aim of such meetings would be to exchange experiences in adapting programmes in research, training
and management concerning water for food and rural
rience amongst each other and with organisations
development, to the spirit and recommendations of
concerned in the fields of water research, training and
the Forum and the Ministerial Conference. Other
water management; and,
subjects to be discussed would be integrated water
4 Making available for such exchange finances and
resources management, multiple use of water and
means, including a secretariat, and supporting initia-
land, groundwater and surface water relations,
tives for co-operation between institutes in this field.
gender, regional focus, poverty and livelihood and
initiatives to promote co-operation between insti-
Governments that join would be Partners in Water
for Food. International organisations would be
66
tutes.
March 21, 2000
At the turn of the century, there are many
urgent water problems facing us. The growing
water scarcity is leading to increased competition for water in many parts of the world. No
one has more to lose from lack of access to
water and sustainable sanitation than the poor.
A main priority in Norwegian development
cooperation policy is therefore to ensure that
the poor have access to clean water.
Norway subscribes to the important principle
that users should have the right to decide in
water issues. Water resource management
should therefore be based on a participatory
approach, and women's participation in
decision-making must be ensured. We also
believe that if water is treated as an economic
good, countries can maximise the efficiency of
the water use. As water scarcity gradually
becomes more severe, there is a fear that water
will increasingly become an issue in conflicts
between states and peoples. However, sharing
The water issue is being dealt with by many
different organisations, networks and initiatives
at both the international and the national level.
Integration and cooperation between agencies
that deal with water are needed to ensure the
more efficient use of water and holistic policies
for water management. At the international
level there are many fora which need to share
their knowledge, capacities and efforts. Norway
will continue to promote cooperation within
existing mechanisms, particularly the UN
system, the international financial institutions,
regional bodies and bodies established under
inter-governmental treaties, in order to
strengthen water-related policies and
programmes to enhance water security.
International agreements on shared water
resources, such as the UN Convention on the
Law on the Non-Navigational Uses of Transboundary Water Courses and International
Lakes are important instruments which should
be made efficient in order to enable us to meet
some of the many challenges faced in relation to
water security. Norway urges therefore nations
to sign and ratify this agreement in order for it
to enter into force.
67
Pledges
Norway is a country with vast water resources
and has extensive experience in water resource
management. It has contributed to sustainable
management of the world's water resources for
many years. We are increasingly focusing our
cooperative efforts on integrated water
resource management. A holistic approach to
water management is called for and must
include both scientific and socio-economic
considerations. We welcome the growing
recognition that the key ecological functions of
forests, wetlands, groundwater and streams
must be maintained in order to secure stable
and safe water supplies for everyone. However,
there is still some way to go before an integrated management approach is sufficiently
mainstreamed into policies, either in the North
or in the South. Norway will continue to
advocate the adoption of integrated water
resource management principles.
water has been an important element of cooperation in many cultures, and today there are
many regional initiatives addressing the issue of
shared water resources. Norway supports
these important regional efforts in inter alia the
Middle East, the Nile basin, southern Africa and
the Mekong area, and emphasises that water
must be seen as a key to peaceful and sustainable development rather than a source of
conflict. Resolving transboundary water issues
requires dedicated long-term commitment on
the part of riperians and donors. We have learnt
that these processes must originate from the
riperians themselves and that management of
transboundary water resources requires that
technical and political support be integrated.
Norway
Pledges
Philippines
Pledge by the Philippines
Eleven Philippine Convenants, submitted by H.E. Edgardo J. Angara, Secretary of
Agriculture
Acknowledging that the Draft Declaration on
Water Security is an invaluable document in the
millennium that embodied the global concern
for integrated water resources management
and which expressed our resolve to face a
common challenge: to provide water security in
the 21st century;
Acknowledging further that water is indeed
vital for all forms of life and is the key to the
well-being and health of men and his environment and that men and women across the
world must have equal opportunity and
complete access to safe and adequate water to
meet most of their basic needs;
Recognising that the tandem of sustainable
development and modernisation of agriculture
and fishery sectors would require a balanced
focus on water, human needs and environmental protection and consequent collective
consideration for Food Security, Environmental
Security and Water Security (FEW);
Recognising further that water is life and
securing access and availability of clean water
would mean survival, sustained economic
growth, and higher productivity of small
farmers, which ultimately lead to rural peace
and economic security of our country, in particular, and of the region, in particular;
Believing that water is an economic resource
that has multi-functions and is the key resource
for sustainable agricultural productivity, the
maintenance of rural sanitation and human
hygiene;
Recognising that agriculture is a single biggest
68
user of water and that by adopting clean agricultural production technologies, the large amount
of water used for the production and
processing of various agricultural commodities
can still be saved for safe re-use by the other
sectors of the community;
Knowing that the Philippines is vulnerable to a
wide variety of hazards of nature such as El
Nino and La Nina, floods, typhoons and earthquakes, and ailing watershed areas and resources
which directly threaten not only water security
but also the environment and food security;
Knowing further that no less than the President
of the Philippines, His Excellency Joseph
Ejercito Estrada, has underlined the value of
water security as a necessary component in
achieving the country’s pro-poor agenda, agricultural self-sufficiency, rural development, job
creation, international competitiveness and
environmental protection;
Considering that the Philippines has made
significant strides in the institutionalisation of
water conservation and management, having
established, among other water-related institutions, the Presidential Task Force on Water
Resources Development and Management, an
interagency collaboration group that promotes
advocacy and policy reforms for sound water
allocation, pricing and management;
Considering further that the Philippines has
adopted and operationalised the paradigms
elaborating on consensus and partnership,
modernisation through clean production technologies, the ‘promotion of seed to market’,
and the integrated area development approach;
6
1 We are pledging to commit our pool of
3
4
5
7
8
9
69
Pledges
2
experts and political scientists and all our
available resources to ensure that indicative
water security targets, strategies and indicators of progress at the national and subnational levels are properly identified
immediately after this meeting. We assure
the Ministerial Conference of our inputs and
active role in the Rio+10 conference in the
year 2002;
We shall redefine our Integrated Watershed
Approach to conform with the more focused
Integrated Water Resources Management
Approach (IWRM) and institutionalise the
same into our departments concerned with
water use and conservation. The IWRM
which will provide a common forum for the
integration of social, economic and environmental factors that influence water availability and water quality to common rural
folks and urban dwellers;
Immediately after this conference, we shall
communicate our agreements to our
constituents and convene our experts and
political scientists to translate them into
strategic programmes and actions to give
substance and operational support for the
basic Vision of the Ministerial Conference:
Water for All;
We are committed to mobilise our political
allies in all segments of Philippine society to
ensure the implementation of the consensus
and agreements set forth by the ministers of
the Conference;
We are committed to put into action our
National Programmes focusing on specific
water use, supply concerns and targets to
ensure that clean water is equitable and
easily available to poor segments of our
society;
We shall mobilise and assemble the best
minds in the social and political sciences and
encourage them to work with our field technicians to formulate the appropriate water
resources accounting system to determine
the proper value of water and to adopt the
best practices on water use and conservation;
We are committed to implement our
country’s clean production technologies
which do not harm water supply, groundwater and surface water sources, and proactively protect the environment;
We are committed to not only implement
but, likewise, to provide timely and sufficient
local funds for our research, development
and extension for rainwater harvesting and
rainwater retention and storage by implementing water impounding projects, a
primary infrastructure for soil and water
conservation and management;
We will mobilise our political allies to join
hands with our partners in the region in
encouraging the use of the UN system in
developing indicators to monitor targets by
various country participants of this forum;
Believing in the basic tenets that govern the
seven challenges set forth by the Ministerial
Declaration of The Hague on Water Security in
the 21st Century, the Philippines is hereby
committed to translate the Conference Vision
into Strategic Actions by pledging to accomplish
the Eleven Philippine Covenants:
Pledges
10 We shall endeavor to mobilise our scientists
and researchers to identify the best water
use and management practices, including the
promotion of best indigenous technologies.
We will call upon our media and press
people and other mass communication
experts so that we will be able to ensure that
these practices are known and accepted by
our stakeholders and concerned societies in
our country;
11 We shall take all challenges and identify
corresponding political and technical interventions that will transform them into
opportunities and unconditionally, shall we
accept our role in other undertakings agreed
by the Conference.
The Philippines commits and binds itself to
these Covenants for the purpose of ensuring
water security in the Twenty-First Century.
Sweden
Pledge of Sweden
Stockholm, focal point for international water
cooperation and development support
Sweden wishes to contribute to the follow-up
of the World Water Forum by increasing its
commitment to international water development capacity through already existing organisations and networks. The specific areas of
activity where we believe that Sweden has
comparative advantages are: up-stream-downstream co-operation including sharing of international water resources, participatory
approaches to water management particularly
at the local level, the integration of gender and
youth perspectives in water management, water
quality issues and the eco-system approach to
water management.
Therefore we will further strengthen the
collaboration with and among the Stockholm based institutions including the Global Water
Partnership (GWP), the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) and the Swedish
Environmental Research Institute (IVL).
Many activities are already on-going while
others will be planned in the light of the recommendations of the World Water Forum. We
intend to present the progress of this initiative
at the 10th Stockholm Water Conference in
August 2000.
70
United Kingdom
We are focused on achieving the International
Developments Targets, at the heart of which is
the goal of halving the proportion of people
living in poverty. This means lifting a billion
people above $1 a day, by 2015. Better access
to clean water, and improved sanitation, will be
essential.
The Right Honourable Clare Short MP,
Secretary of State for
International Development
Pledges
We have prepared a consultation paper on
Addressing the Water Crisis - Healthier and
More Productive Lives for Poor People, which
attempts to set out the key challenges for the
international system in this area. This document
is available from the Department For International Development in London or our web site
(www.dfid.gov.uk).
In recognition of the importance we attach to
water and sanitation issues, the UK plans to
more than double our bilateral contribution to
this sector over the next three years. We shall
also continue to work with international
partners to monitor progress against the
targets discussed in this Forum.
The United Republic of Tanzania
Pledge to Second World Water Forum
I take this opportunity to confirm Tanzania commitment to the implementation of
the Ministerial Declaration of The Hague on Water Security in the 21st Century.
Tanzania has long been making efforts to pursue
and implement the issues raised and discussed
during the Forum and Ministerial Conference.
The implementation has mostly been based on
an integrated water resources approach. It is
the intention of Tanzania to continue to
endeavor implementing The Hague Declaration
Pledge to Second World Water Forum
and previous related commitments emanating
from Mar del Plata, Dublin, Rio, Marakesh and
other sustainable water resources management
principles.
Pledge made on behalf of the Honourable Mussa
S.K. Nkhangaa MP, Minister for Water.
71
Pledges
Global Environment Facility
For many nations participating here at the Second World Water Forum, the water
crisis is not an abstract topic. It is part of a bitter reality that is linked as much to the
use of the land as to the use and abuse of water resources. Comprehensive solutions,
and the resources to implement them, must be available here and now.
There have been many conferences and declarations in the last decade, with little progress.
Unless action replaces rhetoric, the number of
people experiencing water shortages and stress
will rise to 2.3 billion, and the devastating
effects on human health and the global environment will continue to grow.
The GEF will scale up its contributions to solve
the linked water and land degradation problems
and to facilitate greater public and private
participation to address the global water crisis.
Specifically:
1 Over the next five years, The GEF will
double its financial support to water and
related land resources activities to a half
billion dollars.
2 GEF resources will catalyse public and
private investments in activities that simultaneously yield national, regional and global
benefits. However, governments must step
up efforts to strengthen institutions and
enact appropriate pricing systems in order
to improve efficiency, generate revenues,
and attract private investment. Free water is
wasted water. Without better pricing
policies, the large sums needed to reverse
current degradation of water resources will
not materialise.
3 The GEF will support regionally integrated
land and water resource activities, especially
in Sub-Saharan Africa, and will implement
integrated ecosystem management efforts
that enhance fresh water resources while
protecting biodiversity.
4 The GEF will expand activities for protecting
water resources from land-based sources of
pollution, especially persistent organic pollutants.
Mr. Mohamed T. El-Ashry,
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the
OECD
OECD Commitment to Support the Goal of ‘Water Security in the 21st Century’
The Ministerial Declaration from the Second
World Water Forum (The Hague, March 2000)
emphasised the need for all countries to
address the common goal of providing water
security in the 21st century. The Declaration points out that ‘business as usual’ is not a
viable option, given current threats facing water
resources in many countries. Among other
things, it pledges to “... work within multilateral
institutions ... to strengthen water-related
72
policies and programmes that enhance water
security...”
The OECD is in a unique position to contribute
to this process. It has considerable experience
in analysing many of the issues raised in the
Declaration. It is also actively involved in the
effort to reconcile economic, environmental,
and social policy objectives related to water in
the context of sustainable development. The
following specific actions in support of the
Water and Sustainable Development
A 3-year project on sustainable development
will be completed in mid-2001. Policy recommendations concerning water issues will be a
significant component of the final report, to be
discussed at a joint meeting of OECD Environment and Economic/Finance Ministers. This will
provide an early opportunity for OECD
countries to demonstrate how they intend to
integrate the water security objective within
the broader context of sustainable development.
A report will be completed on recent progress
in OECD countries toward achievement of
Agenda 21 objectives related to water management;
• Further improvements will be made in the
coherence and comparability of waterrelated indicators (including water use, efficiency, and quality indicators within the
agriculture sector) for the three major
regions of the OECD (Europe, North
America, Asia/Pacific).
Co-operation with Non-Member Countries
In the global economy, improving water
security will benefit both OECD and nonOECD countries. Increasing the capacity of
73
Pledges
• Cross-Country Comparisons and Data
OECD regularly collects basic water
resource data from member countries
(quality, use, expenditures, prices). It also
develops interpretative indicators and other
cross-country studies based on this data. The
biennial Compendium of Environmental
Data; the Environmental Performance
Reviews carried out for individual countries;
and a report on water pricing trends in
Member countries are recent examples. In
the near future:
developing countries to manage their water
resources and related services sustainably;
finding ways of allocating these resources efficiently; developing pricing strategies that
properly incorporate social objectives; and
ensuring that all stakeholders participate in key
decisions that affect them, are all part of
OECD’s ongoing development co-operation
activities. Specific initiatives that will be undertaken in the near future include:
• Through the Environmental Action
Programme Task Force, a joint meeting will
be organised (Almaty, October 2000)
between Economic and Environment
Ministers from OECD countries and from
the newly-independent States of the former
Soviet Union. The economic costs of inadequate water management; the policy and
institutional frameworks necessary to
encourage water investments (including the
role of the private sector); and options for
bridging the ‘financing gap’ in these countries
will all be explored. Conclusions from the
meeting will be carried forward to the 2002
‘Environment for Europe’ Conference in
Kiev.
• Workshops will be held in China dealing with
environmental financing (with special focus
on water infrastructure) and on agricultural
water use/pricing (with special focus on agriculture’s place in the growing competition
for scarce water supplies).
Ministerial Declaration can be expected from
the OECD:
Pledges
Financing of Water Infrastructure: Many
different approaches to the financing of water
infrastructure have grown up over the years in
OECD countries. This experience needs to be
consolidated and applied to countries where
water infrastructure deficiencies still remain
(both inside and outside the OECD). Analytical
reports will be prepared in the following areas:
• ‘Best practice’ for integrating environmental
finance into public finance objectives;
• Policy and institutional frameworks which
can best support water investments;
• Global trends in urban water supply and
wastewater treatment.
Technological Innovation/Diffusion:
Technology development has much to
contribute to achieving water security in the
21st century, especially concerning the protection of drinking water. Recent OECD work in
this field has included seminars on the potential
use of biotechnology for conserving water, and
on molecular technologies aimed at improved
drinking water quality. In the near future,
OECD will also prepare reports focusing on:
• Frameworks and data needs to improve our
capacity to assess human health effects,
outbreak of water-borne diseases, and
adverse incident recognition and management in the context of drinking water;
• The information needs, the efficiency of
current management approaches and both
conventional and new molecular technologies for assessing water quality at various
stages of the transformation of raw water
into drinking water, as part of efforts to
improve risk assessment and management
related to these supplies (study to be carried
out in co-operation with WHO).
Water in Agriculture: Agriculture is the
world’s largest user of water and one of the
most significant sources of water quality degradation. Tensions between agriculture and other
water users (possibly aggravated by climate
74
change) could increase in the future, unless
ways can be found to reduce these problems.
The OECD will continue to explore these
issues, with reports related to the following
topics being planned over the near term:
• Effects of existing agricultural water policies
on agricultural production, food consumption, agri-food trade, and the environment;
• Size and nature of existing policy distortions
(subsidies) in agriculture (especially in irrigation), and the extent to which these distortions may be affecting the efficient use and
protection of water resources by agriculture;
• Effects on OECD agriculture if full cost pricing
were to be applied to the agriculture sector;
• Optimal (public and private sector) policy
mixes related to water use by the agriculture
sector.
Property Rights Issues: It is increasingly recognised that the access to the use of, and disposal
into, water can be a powerful tool in the search
for more efficient water management. This
includes questions related to property rights
(either de jure or de facto), as well as institutional mechanisms aimed at facilitating
exchanges of this type. These issues have
recently been explored as part of OECD
studies related to domestic permit trading
arrangements. This work will be deepened in
the near future, and could extend to the development of guidelines for using water trading as
part of national environmental policies.
Progress Report in 2002 The OECD will also
provide a progress report to the 2002 meeting
in Bonn (Dublin and Agenda 21+10). This
report will summarise progress/results
obtained by the Organisation since 2000 in
promoting water security, as well as outlining
additional initiatives to be taken. The need to
produce this report will keep the water security
issue ‘active’ across a wide range of OECD
committees during the intervening period.
Paris, 7 April, 2000
The World Bank
The World Bank salutes the Dutch Government, the World Water Council and the Global
Water Partnership for the extraordinary
process which culminated in the World Water
Forum. We are deeply impressed by the very
broad consultative process which gave rise to
the many regional and sectoral visions, as well
as the formal Vision of the World Water
Commission. We salute the Commission for
producing a Vision which addressed head-on
many of the most difficult and controversial
aspects of water management.
The World Bank has worked on water from its
inception. Lending for water historically
accounts for about 15% of our total lending.
The quantity of World Bank lending is determined by the demands of our borrowers. Thus,
while the World Bank cannot commit to
increasing its lending for water, we hope and
expect that The Hague Forum will result in
Staff from the World Bank have participated
extensively in all the Vision consultative
processes: in the regions, in the sectors, with
the World Water Commission and in the development of the Framework for Action. The
rewards of such consultation are obvious to all
at The Hague Forum. The World Bank is
therefore committed to re-doubling its effort
to participate constructively in the follow-up
process of moving from Vision to Action under
the umbrella of the Global Water Partnership.
What has also been abundantly evident, once
again, in The Hague is that water and water
policy is not solely a technical matter to be
managed by engineers or discussed in boardrooms. Water management has cultural, ethical,
religious, gender, equity and environmental
dimensions, which are at least as important as
the (vital) technical and financial dimensions. It
is therefore imperative that discussions on
water policy become much more public and
participatory, at every level.
The World Bank, in collaboration with many
partners, has recently developed a Comprehensive Development Framework approach, the
core ideas of which are that development must
be approached holistically and that ownership
must reside with communities and countries.
There is probably no sector that is more
naturally suited to a CDF approach than water!
At the end of this year, we will present a new
75
Pledges
The World Bank is convinced that the central
messages of The Hague are right. We think that
there are three central messages. First, that
many parts of the world are facing a looming
water crisis with huge implications for all
people, most especially the poor. We believe
that the arithmetic of water is (as stated in the
Vision) gloomy indeed. Second, we also believe
that the Vision is correct to emphasise the need
to innovate - institutionally, financially and technologically. Third, that it is possible to meet
these challenges, but only through recognising
the political nature of the process by ensuring
that all actions are inclusive and consultative,
and it is therefore through a dense and evolving
network of local, national, regional and global
partnerships that we will find an effective
response to this challenge.
greater demands from our borrowers.
While we cannot commit to greater volumes of
lending, we can unequivocally commit to
responding to the messages from The Hague in
the way in which we work, and in our
knowledge products and advisory services.
The pledge of the World Bank
World Water Forum, The Hague, March 22, 2000
Pledges
Water Resources Sector Strategy to our Board.
The core of developing this strategy is a participative, consultative process. We have already
held highly successful consultations on our
work on water in Brasilia, Sanaa and Manila,
where we have asked stakeholders from all
constituencies to tell us what we have done
well, what we have not done well, and to ask for
their input into what we should do and how we
should do this. The results of these consultations are public at www.worldbank.org. In the
next few months we will hold similar consultations in India, Africa and Europe and Central
Asia and one on the World Bank’s role in international waters (to be hosted by the German
government in Berlin). We will also take into
account the conclusions of the World Water
Forum, and those of the World Commission on
Dams, before holding a final, global, consultation on our new Water Resources Sector
Strategy.
We are also changing the way we are working
internally to ensure that we work more effectively in accordance with the messages we are
hearing from The Hague and elsewhere. One
important change is that we have, this week,
formally launched a formal Water Resources
Management Group (WRMG). This Group will
act, in the Bank, like a Basin Management
Agency operates in the real world. It will not
abrogate the distinct responsibilities of stakeholders (such as urban water users or irrigators), but it will make certain that the resource
is managed effectively. The WRMG is an
arrangement with teeth - it will have joint
accountability (with our operational units) for
the quality of all Bank work on water resources;
it will be responsible for managing our partnerships on water resources; and it will be responsible for management of our human resources
on water resources.
The Bank has long worked with partners in the
water business. The oldest of these - the Water
76
and Sanitation Programme - is now twenty
years old, and as vigorous as ever. In recent
years a major feature of our work has been our
engagement in a range of strategic partnerships:
with NGOs and the private sector in ensuring
that privately operated utilities address the
needs of the poor (through the London-based
Business Partnership for Development); with
the International Commission on Irrigation and
Drainage and the FAO on innovative technologies for irrigation (through the Rome-based
IPTRID); on integrated water resources
management with a wide variety of stakeholders and partners through the Stockholmbased Global Water Partnership; on the thorny
issue of dams with the Cape Town-based
World Commission on Dams, etc. etc.
What is very clear from The Hague is that this is
the right direction - that effective action on
water will increasingly be characterised by a
partnership approach. We are, accordingly,
delighted that one concrete product of The
Hague will be a new Dutch-World Bank Partnership on Water Resources Management, a
partnership which will use the lending and nonlending mechanisms of the World Bank to
stimulate innovation and actions consistent
with the messages of The Hague. At The Hague
World Bank staff have had literally dozens of
conversations on potential partnerships with a
very wide range of partners - regional development banks, bilateral agencies, developing
countries, the private sector and NGOs. The
World Bank is deeply committed to making
these partnerships a reality, and to ensuring
that they meet the urgent needs which have
been identified at The Hague.
It is worth singling out the issue of international
waters, which has figured so prominently in the
formal and informal discussions at The Hague.
The World Bank has a long history - dating back
to the Indus Treaty - of supporting our
borrowers in sharing benefits from cooperation
77
Pledges
Finally, one of the most consistent messages
from The Hague has been the need for leadership, from both politicians and civil society. We
therefore note, with deep appreciation, the
major personal contribution made by his Royal
Highness, the Prince of Orange, who has
presided in The Hague, and who is the patron of
the Global Water Partnership. He has not been
a distant figure, but participated in dozens of
the preparatory meetings throughout the
world, and in many of the formal and informal
sessions at The Hague. This commitment has
made a huge difference to The Hague process.
We look forward to his Royal Highness’
continued leadership in moving from Vision to
Action, and in moving towards a water secure
world.
on international rivers. In recent years our
work in this area has intensified considerably in the Baltic, the Danube, the Mekong, the Aral
Sea, the Nile and many others. We believe that
the ingredients for success in this difficult area
are clear: that there are frequently large
benefits to be gained by cooperation; that
riparians themselves must be in full control, and
that external partners can help only in response
to requests from riparians; that there are never
quick fixes, but a need for patience, persistence
and step-by-step progress. The World Bank
has worked with many partners (including
UNDP and the GEF) in this area, and is
committed to deepen and expand this work in
the future.
Statements on the Declaration of The
Hague on Water Security in the 21st
Century
At the conclusion of the Declaration of The
Hague in the plenary session of the Ministerial
Conference on Wednesday 22 March 2000, a
statement was made by the heads of the delega-
tions of Brazil, Costa Rica, Paraguay and
Uruguay, to be attached to the Ministerial
Declaration.
Statement by the Heads of the Delegations of Brazil, Costa Rica,
Paraguay and Uruguay
The delegations of Costa Rica, Brazil, Paraguay
and Uruguay reaffirm the paramount importance their Governments attach to the issue of
water resources, and to the need to enhance
international co-operation in that field. This is
why we join the consensus in the adoption of
the Ministerial Declaration of The Hague.
However, difficulties persist for us concerning
the contents and the concepts articulated in the
documents ‘Vision Statement and Key
Messages’ and ‘Framework for Action’. This is
why we will only take note of those documents.
Differences in approach as well as imprecisions
in those documents do not allow us to associate
78
ourselves to all the analyses, suggestions and
proposals contained therein.
Therefore, we do not view those documents as
providing a solid and adequate basis for future
initiatives within the United Nations, or for the
definition of future endeavors within the GEF.
For those purposes, Agenda 21 continues to be
recognised by our Governments as the sole
document capable of providing unanimously
adopted directives, for action by the international community, as far as water resources
issues are concerned.
Statements by representatives of
Major Groups
were based on the official written statements
that were submitted to the Conference Secretariat for inclusion in the final report of the
Ministerial Conference. Additionally this
section contains a statement of the international trade unions, submitted by PSI, one of the
participating organisations in the Thematic
Sessions.
Statement of the Gender Ambassadors to the Ministerial Conference
Economic importance of water security for productivity, family health and educational progress
The need for water security at household and
community levels is as important for economic
and productive reasons, and for sustained
school-going, as it is for good health. Farming,
horticulture, poultry, livestock, small-scale
enterprises, craft production, laundry and
water-vending itself - activities which provide a
living for millions of households, often with
women in the key entrepreneurial or working
role, require a reliable water supply and a
healthy environment. Where this is lacking,
women as primary carers have to shoulder the
burden of looking after children and family
members suffering from associated sickness,
thereby losing time and income. Rights to
access to water supplies cannot be disassociated from rights to land use and ownership. In
rural areas, women are farmers who produce
the family food supply and sell produce as part
of family income. In addition, the natural environment provides a living for millions of poor
people including those who fish or gather
firewood. Women within these populations
have specific roles and suffer disproportionately
from the degradation of the environment. All
these household managers, farmers, fisherwomen and female entrepreneurs boost
national economies in ways which have only just
Thus, lack of water and a clean and safe environment contribute to the feminisation of
poverty, and to the entrenchment of poverty
generally, since women are disproportionately
represented among the poor. Efforts to
eradicate poverty will have to attach an altogether higher level of importance to water- and
sanitation-related investments if strategies to
eradicate poverty are to be successful. Respect
within water-related poverty eradication
policies and their implementation should be
given to women’s and children’s rights, as artic-
79
Major Groups
Lack of water is a determinant of poverty and
contributes to the feminisation of poverty
There is still far too little political recognition of
the fact that lack of access to adequate water
for household use and food production and the
lack of a clean environment are basic determinants of poverty. This political failure has a
devastating effect on millions of households
throughout the rural developing world and in
rapidly expanding towns and cities. A high
proportion of those households are headed or
primarily sustained by women. In millions of
others, lack of water and waste management for whose provisions women are principally
responsible - inhibits women’s capacity to
protect their families’ health and enhance their
productivity.
representatives of
ulated in CEDAW and the Convention on the
Rights of the Child.
Statements by
Three Issues Which Are
Insufficiently Recognised
Ministerial Conference, Attachments to the declaration
During the opening session of the Ministerial
Conference representatives of five major
groups (gender, NGOs, youth, business and the
group of professional organisations together
with the science and research community)
reported on the outcome of their World
Water Forum Session(s), held in the days
previous to the Conference. These oral reports
Major Groups
representatives of
Statements by
begun to be recognised in national and international statistics.
The presence or absence of water and sanitation services in households and schools affects
whether or not children, especially girls, are
able to attend school and complete their educational careers. Where the domestic work
burden is heavy, or there is a lack of sanitary
facilities in the school compound, girls will be
inhibited from attending school, especially
beyond the age of puberty. The resultant loss in
educational progress among women negatively
affects national development prospects.
services. Efforts to mainstream gender within
all activity related to water require much
greater investment by donor, private commercial, and recipient institutions. Affirmative
action on women’s behalf is also needed so that
they can acquire knowledge, technical skills and
organisational expertise and overcome the
inequities and disadvantages from which have
traditionally suffered. Where external
resources, public or private, are allocated to
social and gender-related activity, the balance
of investment should be in local organisations
and staff.
Gender dimensions are not given adequate
attention in programmes
Women’s rights entitle them to an equitable
share in the management of water for all uses domestic, farming, and entrepreneurial - and to
protection of the environment. While this is
repeated ad nauseam, there is still far too little
evidence on the ground of a gendered perspective - meaning fair and balanced male and female
roles and responsibilities at all ages and in all
settings - in water policies, institutions and in
the design, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of schemes.
Three Essential Next Steps
While lip service is paid to gender, too little
effort is made to ensure that women and
women’s interests are visibly and equitably
represented in decision-making organisations,
whether at the community, institutional or
administrative level. Research1 - qualitative as
well as quantitative - has amply demonstrated
that where women and men share water and
decision-making, management of water services
is more effective and better sustained. This can
only happen systematically when both women
and men, especially those in leadership roles,
come to see the relevance of gender and gender
strategies for the efficiency and effectiveness of
Legal rights and their implementation
Laws and policies relating to water should be
revised where necessary to give men and
women independent rights to land and water,
and to representation in all water management
organisations, from the community to the basin
level. Where representation is as yet unbalanced, affirmative action is needed to move
towards equitable male-female representation
(minimum of 50% women) over an agreed
period. There should be demonstrable progress
by the next international water gathering
towards the recognition of these rights and
their realisation on the ground.
Gender disaggregation of knowledge and
knowledge sharing
Analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of
water-related services and programmes should
report on the activities of both women and men
in all their roles: service consumers, service
managers, employees of public and private
utilities, engineering and health professionals,
and all those involved in water management
functions. Data concerning water services and
environmental management should be gender-
1 Global studies from the World Bank and the IRC provide statistical evidence that an in-built gender and poverty dimension significantly
increases sustainability of community managed rural services. Research shows that a gendered approach increases productivity in
irrigated agriculture.
80
Reallocate budgetary resources
Analyse their budgetary allocations to environmental protection and water management, and
assess what proportion is currently spent on
social aspects and community-related activities.
This proportion, which currently averages 7.5%
in the more progressive water programmes,
should be raised to 15% by 2005, with a view to
reaching 20% by 2015.
Establish an Inter-Ministerial
Sub-Committee on Gender
Establish an Inter-Ministerial Sub-Committee
on Gender at this Conference, whose task will
be to review progress in the above areas, and
report back to the next Ministerial Conference
on Water in 2003.
Edited by Maggie Black,
Gender Ambassador
81
Major Groups
Achieve 33% women’s representation in
FFA implementing bodies
Commit themselves to ensure that all bodies
involved in the further development of the
Framework for Action, and its practical implementation on the ground, have 33% women’s
representation. Also to ensure that the gender
impacts of the FFA from the community to the
basin level are monitored and reported at
national and international levels according to
criteria agreed by the Inter-Ministerial SubCommittee on Gender.
representatives of
In all establishments where behaviour and skills
relating to water and environmental management are taught, from primary schools to engineering and health institutions, the need to
share burdens and costs equitably, and to
change gender norms to achieve greater equity
and democracy, should be an integral part of
learning. Organisational and educational change
in this context should be monitored through
the analysis of education and training curricula
and performance evaluation processes.
The Gender Ambassadors call upon all
Ministers associated with Water and the Environment, and Ministers representing donor
governments, to:
Statements by
Institutionalisation of the gender perspective in
organisations and capacity building at all levels
Over the last ten years considerable capacity on
the inter-relationship between gender and
poverty in water and environmental affairs has
been built up. All countries now have women
and men who, in their own right and within
organisations, have applied knowledge and
expertise at community level on dealing with
water in a gendered manner. This expertise
should now be harnessed and fully applied.
All implementing organisations with mandates
for the development and management of water
resources should start to deploy this expertise
within their organisations. Gender-aware staff
should be appointed at executive levels in water
management and service delivery organisations
from the grass roots all the way to the top, and
there should be measurable progress towards
increasing gender capacity. Community-based
organisations, including women’s movements,
need special capacity building efforts to enable
them to interact with higher-level institutions
and government.
Call for Action
disaggregated, and all future research initiatives,
programme plans, practice analysis, and
reporting should identify and build on male and
female strengths and interests. Gender-responsive practice examples and experiences in
water-related programmes, projects and institutions should be widely shared.
Statements by
representatives of
Major Groups
Statement of the NGOs
NGOs express serious concerns
The NGO and Trade Union Major Groups do not accept the mandate of the World
Water Commission, the World Water Council Vision document and express serious
concerns about the process and contents to date of the Framework for Action.
Water is life says the Vision document. But for
many millions of people in the world the quest
for clean water and the management of sanitation is not a joy of life. It is a daily struggle and
burden to obtain what should be a right for
everyone. Drought, shortages, pollution and
unfair allocation of resources blight and
prejudice the achievement of this right. Here at
this Water Conference the powerful of the
world are gathered to address these issues.
Governments and funding agencies, professionals and administrators. You are being
brought face to face with the urgency of the
problems and needs in all their starkness. Here
is your opportunity to take action together to
transform the situation. It should not be beyond
you. There is widespread understanding of the
nature and severity of the problems. The principles on which solutions should be based have
been established and reaffirmed at conference
after conference for the last ten years or more.
The resources and the organisation needed
ought to be well within your grasp. But action
and implementation drag along painfully slowly,
condemning millions to continue with nonexistent or unsatisfactory water services and all
the death, ill health and struggles for water
which result from this failure.
What the NGOs look for now is real commitment and determination to change matters. We
need reform of the governance of water based
on the skills, experience and legitimacy of local
people and communities, on recognition of the
primacy of human needs and rights, and on
sound understanding of ecosystems and river
basin management. We need targets and a
timetable for improvement. We need substan-
82
tial uplift in the water investment programmes
of all countries, and particularly in the developing countries where the problems are the
most acute. We need a substantial increase in
the levels of multilateral and bilateral assistance
from the developed countries to assist this
process. By the time of the Rio + 10 Summit in
2002 you could achieve, if you so wanted, a fully
worked up global strategy and committed fund
flows to bring about these improvements.
We have to say that the draft declaration which
has been prepared by your officials to express
the conclusions of this conference, falls
woefully short of this goal. It is a document
which is full of reservations and escape clauses.
It conveys no real sense of urgency and no real
determination to increase efforts in the world
to deal with water problems. Ministers, it is not
too late for you to reject the weak document
which has been placed before you, and to
resolve to make some real commitments to
action, not to endorse a transparent attempt to
avoid real commitment.
We must of course make reference to the
report of the World Water Commission and
the Vision Document produced just in time for
this conference. We inform you that the
majority of the NGO and trade union major
groups who are represented here do not accept
the report of the World Water Commission
and the Vision Document produced by the
World Water Council as the basis for further
action. There are important reservations about
the work to date of the World Water Commission and the Global Water Partnership. But the
most fundamental point that we wish to
emphasise to you is that you should not use
Will you pledge yourselves now to work intensively over the next two years to establish
precise targets for improvement, and the
organisation and funding programmes to deliver
them. Can we resolve together that by the time
of the next Earth Summit in 2002 we must have
got the measure of the water problems of the
world, and have set action in hand to resolve
them within a generation? We look to you,
Ministers and heads of delegation to put us on
that track this week.
Statements by
Statement of the Youth
Today’s Vision is Tomorrow’s Reality:
Young People Raise their Voices for
Water
Conflicting Ways and Water Security
83
Major Groups
Being the Youth, we propose the formation of a
global committee of experts in relevant fields
which will occupy itself with formulation of the
rights and responsibilities of countries in
general related to water, both qualitatively and
quantitatively. Following on this, the committee
should create a set of general international
guidelines and ensure acceptation of these by all
nations. After this the committee will also have
the task of acting as an unbiased intermediate
between conflicting parties in water related
issues. Such a committee could play a major
representatives of
The Global Youth wants to be an active and
responsible partner in tackling our global water
problems. In this document we want to express
our concern, and we would like to show in what
ways youth can and want to take action. The
youth of the world has a strong voice. We bring
a fresh perspective in global politics, break
down barriers of racism, religion, and colour.
The future is being written right now.
One of the major problems in conflicting ways
is the question of rights and duties related to
water: to whom it belongs and whose responsibility it is to clean it up. We believe that water
is an essential resource for all communities.
Many water-related problems are caused by the
misconception that authority does not have to
be combined with responsibility. We therefore
think that governments should show a responsible attitude towards water, not only with
regard to their own population but also with
regard to other parties in the world.
reservations about aspects of the work of those
bodies as an excuse for inaction, or for merely
proceeding with business as usual. The demand
for action which we represent is real and
growing around the world. NGOs, community
groups and women’s groups are already actively
engaged in playing their part in highlighting the
problems and in developing solutions. We stand
ready to do more, much more, if only governments and aid agencies will work with us in an
open and transparent way to help build on
these locally based and legitimate solutions.
We pledge to work with you on these
solutions. Will you rise to the same challenge?
Statements by
representatives of
Major Groups
role in combatting and preventing current and
future water conflicts.
We also propose the initiation of youth
programmes to spread public awareness
concerning the efficient use of water as well as
conflict resolution. Education is a long term
investment which will ensure peaceful sharing
of water resources in the future. Therefore
youth should be a part of the mentioned
committee as they are in the position to spread
awareness amongst each other, resulting in long
term and better understanding of water-related
problems and ways to solve these. Such an
approach would help in dealing with and
preventing water crises, because it influences
the very foundation of the community. When
taught early children can understand the importance of water and can bring that knowledge to
those surrounding them. The lack of communication between countries sharing the same
river should be solved. Nations have to be
aware that they share that river and that other
people will be using that water. Water will be
our problem in the future. Now is the time to
take our responsibility.
Water and the Ecosystem
Around the world ecosystems are being
degraded by climate change, deforestation,
desertification, urbanisation, pollution, agricultural development, population pressure, and
overuse. Ecosystems provide valuable
economic and social benefits including food and
water supplies, transportation, and recreation.
The destruction of ecosystems and rapid
extinction of plant and animal species cause
devastating economic and social consequences
as well as irreversible environmental damage.
Therefore, we, the future of the world, believe
that the following steps should be taken to
maintain and protect the ecosystems of the
world.
84
1 Research
We urge governments to continue research
into the workings of ecosystems and into the
development of new environment friendly
technologies and make existing results
available to the public, so that action can be
taken. Often this will lead to win-win situations, such as reducing the numbers of trees
cut down and replanting new ones in their
place. These two solutions will lead to a
decrease in erosion and in an increase of
rainwater infiltration.
2 Reaching people through teaching people;
Education
We believe in the power of education and
we believe that it should start out at an early
age. We expect that by adding the topic to
the curriculum of all levels of education,
through several youth programmes, and with
the help of the media public awareness will
significantly increase.
3 International Guidelines
International guidelines and standards for
the protection and preservation of the
world’s ecosystems should be established
and enforced.
The global youth believes the human race has a
lot to learn from ecosystems. An ecosystem has
a natural balance which is always threatened by
of those who abuse it. Water is a universal
necessity and now is the time to integrate ideas
and commit to our common goal. Knowledge
should be shared and people should assist
others to improve their own lives. Water is
shared by everyone, drops of water travel the
whole world through. As humans, we are all
dependant on water and we are the ones who
pollute it. We have to protect the children of
today and tomorrow!
Water and Mega Cities
In order to sustain the existence of mega cities,
an adequate water supply is essential. As in
many mega cities the expansion and mainte-
The distinction and separation of water used
for consumption and re-used water in other
household activities is instrumental to water
efficiency and also crucial to sustaining water
quality. Both at home and on a larger scale.
Water and Industry
Industries must bear in mind the responsibility
they have towards their source of water so as
to protect its environment. Countries and
businesses should not be using drinking water
for purely industrial purposes, since alterna-
The Global Youth regrets industrial use of
chemicals in relation to water since there is no
effective legislation yet regarding the use of
chemicals in industry. Companies are constantly
dumping large amounts of chemicals into the
local water ecosystems. The youth urge :
National governments to implement effective
legislation i.e. minimum standards, penalties for
violation and subsidies(for those groups who
deal with the contamination);
A special focus on slowing down water
pollution in development programmes.
Energy
The construction of dams and other solutions
may lead to ecological impact on the local
85
Major Groups
The youth believes that the co-existence of
cities dependant on the same water resources
should meet international standards.
Chemicals
representatives of
The youth wants to ensure that ownership of
water (privatisation or monopolisation) will not
affect the access, pricing, quality and allocation
of water throughout the whole city. Furthermore transparency in the industry of water
supply should be ensured so that the public is
informed of the water quality, origin and
cleaning process. Public pressure can be
exerted to ensure standards are met and
sustained.
• Water that has already been used for industrial purposes should be made re-useable.
The costs should be covered by the private
sector;
• When water that has been used for industrial
purposes is placed into the ecosystem it’s
quality should be determined by experts in
the field of water quality;
• Filtration of water by the best available
means and methods;
• Other sources of non-drinking water i.e. salt
water, snow and rain water should be
considered in order to be used by the
industry as a substitute for drinking water;
• The international community should start
negotiating an agreement that would set
international standards, to be called the
Water Association Treaty on Energy and
Resources (WATER). For all bodies of water,
including those that border or pass through
multiple national territories and boundaries.
Statements by
Scarcity of water in and among nations has
become a pressing issue as demand for clean
drinking water as well as for water for sanitation is greater than the supply. Our solution for
this is to implement a progressive tax on water
to stimulate the further development of water
saving devices and to increase the use of
existing education programmes.
tives are available. Instead they should search
for methods with are not damaging to the environment, water or the ecosystem:
nance of water infrastructure has not kept up
with population growth. As a result of this
various problems often arise. One of the
greatest troubles with water supply in megacities is the supply of fresh water. As a result of
the high population density the local environment cannot provide sufficient amounts of
water.
Major Groups
representatives of
Statements by
ecosystem and should be carefully considered.
When building such infrastructure one should
consider the impact it makes, not only for
surrounding communities but also for
surrounding countries. When considering these
solutions all alternatives should be investigated
and the best for that region should be chosen.
Agriculture
The global youth is concerned about the
current state of agricultural pollution in the
water ecosystem. The problem should be met
by setting national and international standards
that effectively and efficiently deal with reducing
and replacing the usage of :
• fertilizers
• pesticides
• insecticides
• inefficient irrigation systems that waste and
pollute water.
Given the fact that acid rain, which is a result of
industrial emissions, reduces the quality of agricultural products, farmers should have the right
to hold the source of the pollution legally
responsible.
Industrialising Countries
In a lot of countries a major problem is that
industries have to be developed, and sustainable
levels of production have to be achieved, while
at the same time, they have to meet ecological
standards. Therefore, any assistance provided
by industrialised nations and private investors
could help them a lot in developing their industrial infrastructure according to ecological
standards.
These are all achievements that youth wants
governments to implement to avoid any further
damage to the environment. The youth really
hopes that in case this is not enough further
damage will be solved efficiently and rapidly.
Drinking water is scarce, pollution has to be
prevented.
86
Water and our Daily Lives
We, the global youth believe it is important to
educate at an earlier age, through schools,
projects, festivals and fairs . The youth can
organise, encourage and promote such events.
The education of adults should include usage of
mass media and other methods. Parents can be
taught procedures of efficient water management by their children . The mass media’s role
lies in publicity, education and effective water
management for everyone.
We are alerting the governments of developed
nations with abundant fresh water resources of
the problems that developing nations face in
their struggle to fight and preserve their water.
Developed nations can help by recycling water,
making water available for export at cost,
sharing of water technologies and help creating
an establishment of water infrastructure so that
developing nations can learn efficient water
usage.
We, the youth, believe that one of the largest
wastes of water is through the tap. We propose
that a financial system be incorporated into all
future households that limits the amount or
time a tap may remain on, so that the usage of
tap water and waste is diminished. We also
Ministers and governments should make the
appropriate changes in policy to create a large
enough base to support water management.
We would also like to see a group of specialists
to give advice on specific examples to be called
upon when needed.
Final Thought
A young person at the Second World Water
Forum wrote “ Children have the clearest ideas,
but only fragile hands. We need adults’ helping
hands to listen to us and help us, for in the
future the beautiful ideas may come true...”
We the global youth deserve a tomorrow
where there is water in abundance and where
today’s effects of water deprivation are no
longer apparent.
The Hague, March 2000
A joint statement to the Ministerial Conference on Water Security issued by the
World Water Forum CEO Panel on business and industry
At the start of the 21st century the challenge of
providing enough clean water and adequate
sanitation to meet the needs of everyone is
rightly positioned at the top of the world
agenda. With commitment and action by all
sectors of our societies, including business and
industry, we can together find the solutions for
water and sanitation in the coming years.
Supply and Allocation of Water
Water is an economic good and its economic
value should be recognised in the allocation of
scarce water resources to competing uses.
While this should not prevent people from
meeting their basic needs for water services at
affordable prices, the price for water must be
set at a level that encourages conservation and
wise use.
The private sector has a growing role to play in
the supply and management of water resources.
87
Major Groups
The statement addresses three broad areas of
action:
• supply and allocation of water
• use of water and protection of water quality
These form the basis for their ongoing participation in delivering the world water vision for
the 21st century.
representatives of
Recognising their role, and against the background of the World Water Commission’s
work, eleven international corporations from
three broad sectors of business and industry water services, consumer products, and water
engineering and consultancy - have agreed a
joint statement. This describes the continuing
contribution they can make and the constructive role they wish to play in working to solve
pressing water issues worldwide for the future.
• developing institutions for the management
of water
and highlights three further themes concerning
engagement within society:
• raising public awareness
• sharing knowledge and technology
• building partnerships.
Statements by
Statement of the Business Community
propose a penalty for corporations or businesses that pollute or waste water.
Major Groups
representatives of
Statements by
Investment by the private sector will be critical
to bridging the gap between supply and demand
for water. Effective pricing of water as a valued
resource will stimulate industry to invest time,
talent and money in the efficient supply and
management of fresh water for all.
The efficient use of water in manufacturing
operations is a priority for industry. Companies
will continue to invest to reduce water use and
to limit their impact on water quality through
reduction in wastewater disposal and increased
recycling of water used in manufacturing.
The private sector would welcome initiatives
for partnership with multilateral financial institutions to catalyse water-related investments in
developing countries. Private water distributors
can contribute on the basis of their operating
experience and capacity to mobilise financial
resources for water and sanitation services,
provided that legal, financial and institutional
frameworks are in place.
Agriculture represents by far the largest user of
water. Improving irrigation water management
and reducing the impact of agricultural practice
on ground and surface water quality must have
the highest priority. Many companies that rely
on secure supplies of agricultural produce for
their raw materials are engaged in promoting
sustainable agriculture practice, in their own
operations and by their suppliers in the agricultural sector who are ultimately responsible.
Such practice, which may include the use of new
technologies, ensures that water used in agriculture is conserved and the use of inputs is
carefully controlled to reduce the risks of water
pollution.
Governments have a continuing responsibility
to find a sustainable balance between ensuring
affordable water services, particularly for the
poor, and mechanisms for effective management of available water resources such as
public-private partnerships, tariff systems,
guarantee facilities, and economic and fiscal
instruments.
The private sector will continue to contribute
to water saving by helping to improve distribution efficiency.
Use of Water and Protection
of Water Quality
Without action by all users, demand for water
will continue to outstrip potential supply,
particularly in areas of water stress. However,
there is vast scope to reduce rates of water
consumption, to minimise impact on water
quality and to step up water re-use, so
increasing the availability of water. Industry has
an important role to play, by ensuring it
minimises the impact of its own operations and
through engagement upstream with raw
material suppliers and downstream with
consumers and other users.
88
Clean, safe water is also a key resource for the
food and drink industry - for bottled waters, for
manufacturing food and beverage products and
for their preparation by consumers. Companies
will therefore contribute to continuous
improvement in the management of water
resources and will participate in educational
programmes on the importance of water
conservation and the use of safe water in the
preparation of food and drink.
Domestic use of water increases with better
hygiene and rising living standards. Increasing
use of household and personal hygiene
products can also have serious implications for
domestic waste water disposal. Investment in
technology development and product innovation to reduce domestic consumption of water
and to minimise the impact of product use on
water quality is a priority for the hygiene
sector, working together with consumers to
change individual and household behaviour.
The development of Integrated Water
Resource Management projects in river basins
and catchment regions is an important institutional innovation that should be exploited
widely. Companies accept their shared responsibility to participate as stakeholders, to
support measures for drought alleviation and
flood control and to function as efficient
managers of water addressing opportunities for
re-use of water and wastewater.
Engagement Within Society
The companies represented - from water
services, consumer products, and water engineering and consultancy - welcome partnerships with governments and civil society that
promote and facilitate the effective management of fresh water and sanitation. They accept
this as the core building block for a future
where all our societies enjoy sustainable and
equitable access to sufficient water to meet
their needs.
March 2000
representatives of
Creation of widespread awareness of the
potential water crisis and of the solutions
available to meet diverse water needs is
essential if sufficient action is to be taken. The
companies will continue to contribute to this
process in their own fields of activity by
Existing knowledge of best practice techniques
and experience in implementing and managing
water supply and distribution, sanitation and
use is substantial. Many institutions, including
those in the private sector, have developed this
expertise and can offer it to others engaged in
delivering solutions in these fields. The
companies involved wish to participate in facilitating access to and transfer of best practice on
a continuing basis, where appropriate through
such mechanisms as the World Water Council
and the Global Water Partnership.
Statements by
Decision-making on investment in the supply
and management of the distribution of water
involves many stakeholders. In developing
countries women play a pivotal role as bearers
and users of water and as guardians of this
resource. The companies support the principle
that women should be enabled to participate
fully in decision-making on water issues and
implementation of solutions at all levels.
educating their own employees, by promoting
action in the agricultural sector and by
informing the public about ways to reduce
water use, limit water pollution and minimise
wastewater disposal.
Developing Institutions for the
Management of Water
Major Groups
89
Company
Azurix
CH2M Hill Companies Ltd.
DHV
Heineken N.V.
ITT Industries
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Nestlé S.A.
Nuon
Severn Trent Plc.
Unilever N.V.
Vivendi Water
Statements by
CEO
Ms Rebecca P. Mark
Mr Ralph R. Peterson
Mr Hans Huis in ‘t Veld
Mr Karel Vuursteen
Mr Travis Engen
Mr Gérard Payen
Mr Peter Brabeck-Letmathe
Mr Tob Swelheim
Mr Vic Cocker
Mr Antony Burgmans
Mr Richard J. Heckmann
Country
United States of America
The Netherlands
The Netherlands
France
Switzerland
The Netherlands
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
France
Statement on Behalf of Professional Organisations, Science, and Research
For the Ministerial Meeting of the Second World Water Forum
Presented 21 -March 2000
On behalf of the many professional and scientific organisations working towards better
water management worldwide, I would like to
thank the conference organisers for the opportunity to address the Ministerial Meeting. The
International Water Resources Association and
other professional and scientific groups
representatives of
Major Groups
Companies participating in the World Water Forum CEO Panel on business
and industry and endorsing the joint statement
recognise the excellent work of the Conference
organisers in bridging the gap between the
technical and the political water resources
communities.
Science, information, and knowledge are vital
for making water-policy decisions. The contributions of engineers, scientists, and other water
resource professionals have led to vast
improvements in the quality of our lives. Your
support of the great work done by these
professionals is a basic requirement to
implement the different visions developed here.
The scope of problems facing us is enormous.
Today, billions of people still do not have access
to the most basic water supplies or sanitation
services. Preventable water-related diseases
are the leading cause of infant and child
mortality. The ability of the world to produce
enough food to feed its growing population
remains in doubt. Rapidly expanding urban
areas, as well as small rural communities, face
90
Complex problems still face us related to global
climatic changes and its impact on the water
resources decision-making process, the survival
of natural ecosystems, the dynamics of water
use and water quality, and much more. The
scientific understanding of these problems is
still incomplete and will require your support in
the future.
We understand that scientists and water
professionals have a responsibility to help
interpret facts, data, and information and to
provide rational advice on which wise decisions
can be based. But policymakers also have a
responsibility to seek out the best information
available and to use that information to make
wise and informed choices.
Ladies and gentlemen, as I said at the beginning
the challenge is enormous, but the professional
community can take this challenge and provide
alternatives. If we are able to combine our
technical and scientific knowledge with your
political wisdom I am sure we can together
shape a future in which water will be an instrument for peace, cooperation, and harmonious
development of humanity into the 21st century.
91
Major Groups
Dr. Benedito Braga
representatives of
In this context of complex water problems and
limited financial resources I would call your
attention to the fact that science and technology are not luxuries but necessities. Good
engineering and science when property applied
save lives, promote sustainable development,
and protect resources. Our existing complex
water systems and the ones to be developed in
the future cannot be sustained without
Decisions about financial investments, technology, policy, and planning can no longer be
limited to the physical and engineering sciences,
but must include input from biologists, social
scientists, economists as well as from the local
communities involved. Indigenous scientific
capabilities should be developed all over the
world to provide local and regional knowledge
for adequate water management.
Statements by
Priority for water use must be given to meeting
human needs for social and economic development, to protecting environmental goods and
services, and to increasing the productivity of
water use. Economic and institutional globalisation are already affecting water use and management practices in both developed and
developing nations. Increased trade in agricultural and industrial products, integration of
investments and financial markets, privatisation
of water systems and advances in communication, information, and biotechnology are all
beginning to alter patterns of water supply and
demand. New management systems to cope
with this fast transforming and complex world
will be required.
dedicated and educated water professionals.
Additionally, adequate data collection networks
for both water quantity and quality in terms of
surface and groundwater must be in place to
supply timely and reliable information.
unprecedented challenges in meeting their
water needs.
Statements by
representatives of
Major Groups
Statement by Public Services International on behalf of International
Trade Unions
Public Services International (PSI), the global
confederation of 560 trades unions representing 20 million public service workers
worldwide, welcomes the commitment by
ministers to water security for all in the 21st
century.
PSI wholeheartedly supports the view that
these challenges can only be met by a cooperative, democratic and public partnership of those
concerned with universal delivery of the basic
human right to water and sanitation services,
together with sustainable management of
natural water resources and the ecosystem.
Workers in the water industry, urban and rural,
in developed and developing countries, are key
stakeholders and partners in this process. This
means not only recognising their rights as
workers, including their right to free association in trade unions, but also recognising their
skills, commitment and understanding as invaluable resources in responding to the challenges,
both in formulating strategies and in their
subsequent monitoring and evaluation.
PSI further supports the position that there
should be free and open exchanges of information and wide-ranging public debate about
economic, social and environmental aspects of
water and sanitation services. The public should
have the right to all information relating to their
water and sanitation services - there is no place
in such a vital service for secret agreements.
PSI rejects privatisation of water and sanitation
services and believes these should be owned
and managed by democratic and accountable
public bodies as close as possible to the
communities concerned, after a full and
vigorous public debate.
92
PSI further welcomes the statement that ‘it
cannot be business as usual’, and encourages
international agencies and governments to
resist imposing solutions based on a simplistic
ideological preference for the private sector.
Communities and public authorities should be
encouraged to explore the potential of ‘publicprivate partnerships’ and twinning arrangements to assist developing countries, and for
funding agencies and financial institutions to
ensure that public sector solutions are not
discriminated against.
PSI pledges itself to work with local authorities,
community representatives, professional
bodies, NGOs, governments, and international
agencies on the basis of a common commitment
to this democratic process.
National Statements
Index (in alphabetical order)
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Cambodia
China
France (in French)
Gambia
Germany
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Macedonia
Maldives
Mali (in French)
Malta
Morocco (in French)
Oman
St. Lucia
Sweden
Turkey
Vietnam
Zambia
National Statements
Statements are in English, unless otherwise
stated. Lengthy statements have been
condensed.
Australia
Sustaining Water Assets: Why Maintenance is Important.(extracts)
Water is a valuable resource. So is the infrastructure that we build to use it. We need to use nature’s
assets, and those that we build, more efficiently.
Australia and its region
Australia is the driest continent. It has unreliable rainfall, yet is often devastated by floods.
More than one-third of the continent is classed
as arid, another third as semi-arid. Of all continents, Australia has the least river water, the
lowest rates of run-off and the smallest area of
permanent freshwater wetlands. One-third of
the land surface produces no run-off, while
two-thirds of the annual run-off occurs in
sparsely populated tropical catchment areas. In
short, Australia has some of the most complex
water management problems faced by any
country.
Ministerial Conference,
This section contains the national statements of a selection of participating
countries. Statements included in this report were those submitted by the agreed
deadline of April 7th, 2000 to the Secretariat of the Ministerial Conference on Water
Security in the 21st Century.
Australia has had to develop innovative
solutions to water resource management
because of its climatic extremes and the nature
of its population distribution. Integrated water
resource and catchment management has been
essential to resolve water supply and quality
issues. This challenge is compounded by additional problems, such as an ageing water infrastructure; the impact of land-clearing, over-use
of aquifers, massive irrigation schemes with
consequent salinisation; pollution of rivers and
aquifers through contamination by domestic,
agricultural and industrial effluent; and downstream impacts of the diversion of river waters
for hydro-power and irrigation.
The Asia-Pacific region also faces substantial
water resource management issues. These
include droughts and floods, ensuring a suffi-
93
National Statements
,
cient clean water supply, and sea level rise
depleting supplies of freshwater in the atolls
and small island nations of the Pacific. Other
factors particularly affecting our region include
the reliability of rainfall; the availability of and
access to surface and ground water supplies;
and the varying effects of human and climate
induced changes on surface and ground water
catchments.
Water is a key resource. A fundamental
constraint to its effective use is the misuse and
poor maintenance of the infrastructure
essential to its distribution. Australia believes
that sustaining development assets is one of the
most important challenges we all face. We
cannot afford to waste scarce water resources.
Emergency relief is vital for Mozambique,
reconstruction assistance for East Timor is
vital; institutional strengthening and assistance
with governance issues is vital for all developing
countries; reform of economic institutions is
vital for European and Central Asian economies
in transition; all water, health and education
assistance is vital.
It is critical that the use of the resources
directed to each of these areas is efficient. In
Australia’s experience, we have seen resources
wasted all too frequently. For instance, through
our aid programme we have given works
equipment to the same public works agency
every five years at considerable cost. In that
case, with the co-operation of the government
greater attention to maintenance has reduced
operating costs, more equipment is in
operation, infrastructure is better maintained
and funds have been released for other areas of
development.
94
The reasons for poor maintenance of assets are
many. All have been well documented. Australia
now proposes to build on work recently undertaken to draw the attention of the international
community to what is probably the most major
and continuing waste of aid resources.
Australia proposes to develop the theme of
sustaining development assets in its development
co-operation programme. Our approach will
cover activities in the water sector as well as in
other main infrastructure sectors. Important
elements of our strategic approach include:
• Increasing our own focus on improving the
quality of Australian aid activities in the area
of asset maintenance. Our approach will
draw on the comprehensive study of maintenance issues that the Australian Government
completed in 1999.
• Raising the issue of asset sustainability in
international development meetings as well
as in our bilateral consultations with our
partner governments.
• Supporting increased analysis of the maintenance issue by international development
institutions such as the World Bank, the
Asian Development Bank, the Development
Assistance Committee of the OECD, and the
regional organisations in the Asia Pacific area.
We urge participants at the Second World
Water Forum to adopt a similar approach to
the key issue of sustaining development assets.
The Australian Government’s
Overseas Aid Programme
The Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijan is situated on the western coast of
the Caspian Sea. It boarders Russia in the
North, Georgia in the North-West, Armenia in
the West, Turkey in the South-West and Iran in
the South. The territory of the Republic covers
86,4 thousand km2 and is characterised by its
fertility and variety of climate.
Azerbaijan is a land of ancient irrigation farming.
Agriculture in the Republic is mainly in the
irrigated land. Nearly half of 3,2 million hectares
of area being effective for irrigation or 1,45
million hectares are irrigated lands. Complex
melioration work has been executed in 610,000
hectares of these. 85-90% of the cultivated land
is irrigated land. The basic mass flow of internal
rivers in the Republic comes in spring. As the
majority of this is not regulated, it is not
possible to use the waters fully and advantageously and these waters run into the Caspian
Sea. Due to this and other reasons the water
deficit is apparent in many regions of the
Republic. To satisfy demand for water in these
regions it is required to construct water regulating plants and flow distribution on the
territory. The basis of the Republic’s water
economy complex is formed by subterranean
and surface water resources, their usage and
protection plants, enterprises on projecting,
construction and exploitation of these plants.
Local conditions allows irrigation in Azerbaijan
of up to 3,0 - 3,5 million hectares. But the finite
water resources complicate the solution of this
problem. There are 8350 rivers in the Republic
including the Caspian Sea Basin. The great part
of them (7860) are small rivers (length less than
10 km.). The transit river streams in the balance
(32,2 km of surface water resources form 21
km (or 70%). But within the Republic 11,2 km
(30%) surface flow is formed in total. The
exploitation resources of subterranean water
are estimated in a volume of 5,2 km. Generally,
11 - 12 billion m3 of water are used in the
Republic per year. 65 - 70% by agriculture and
20 - 25% to industry. The remaining part is
consumed for the securing of farming and
potable water. There is a possibility to collect
21,5 billion m3 of water in the reservoirs for the
irrigation and hydro-power purposes.
The Kur, with 700 km in the territory of the
Azerbaijan Republic, and total length of 1515
km, is the largest river. The water resources of
the Kur Basin have been estimated to be 30,5
billion m3, 27,3 billion m3 of this figure as
surface flows and 3,2 billion m3 as subterranean
waters. The second water artery of Azerbaijan
is the river Aras. This river is comparable to the
95
National Statements
I greet you cordially on behalf of the irrigators
and water economy workers of Azerbaijan.
Today I am participating in the Second Forum of
the World Water Council as the first State
representative of the independent Azerbaijan
Republic. An interest is increasing all over the
world against the problems regarding water
resources, their protection and utilization.
These problems are deeply evincing in the
Azerbaijan Republic. The study of water
resources is considered the most important
factor of environment, and is a very actual and
responsible problem. The water economy is the
foremost factor of the national economy and
closely connected with other fields of the
economy. Its role in securing social and
everyday life conditions of Azerbaijan’s population is indispensable.
Statement on the National Policy of the Azerbaijan Republic on Water Resources
Usage, by H.E. mr Ahmad Ahmadzade, Chairman of the Committee on Melioration
and Water Economy
National Statements
,
Nile, Xi Jiang and Amu Darya. The distribution
of water resources of the Aras is implemented
on the ground of bilateral agreements with our
Southern neighbour the Islamic Republic of
Iran. A water reservoir of 1,35 million m3 has
been constructed on the river with Iran.
The Samuor river is playing a great role in
potable, irrigation and technical water supply of
Azerbaijan’s Northern region, Baku, Soumgayit
cities and Absheron peninsula and runs along
the Russian border of the Republic. The water
distribution of Azerbaijan with Georgia is
regulated by the mutual agreements concluded
between the two countries. But water distribution with Armenia impossible at present in view
of its aggression against Azerbaijan. As a result
of this 20% of the Republic’s melioration and
water economy fund remains under occupation.
This most valuable possession with an
important significance for the revival of the
Republic’s economy has been fully destroyed
over the last seven years.
For the last ten years water polluted with
nitrogen, acids, copper, zinc and other metals
has been continuing to enter the territory of
Azerbaijan through the rivers (Kur, Aras,
Okhchuchay, etc.) running from neighbouring
Republics. A large water economy consisting of
irrigation systems, collector-drainage
networks, pumping houses and water reservoirs distributing and regulating the water flow
is operating in Azerbaijan. As a result of the
Republic’s transition to a market economy and
reforms, water consumers’ requirements to the
quantity and quality of water changed and
control of water distribution and usage has
been complicated. To solve these problems, the
Committee on Melioration and Water
Economy is implementing State policy in the
field of water relations in the Republic, and
conducts the reforms, repairs, renewal and
reconstruction works in the system for the
account of foreign investments. Some 30 legal
96
documents on water relations have been
worked out by the Committee and ratified by
the Government.
At present, conforming measurements are
taken for the purpose of acceleration of
reforms on the water relations, management of
the water economy, investment and innovation
policy being the principal directions in the field
of melioration and water economy. By
supporting the Long-Term Programme on
Water, Living and Environment to be adopted
in today’s Forum of the World Water Council,
we consider it to be expedient to take into
account the following proposals having an
important significance for our Republic, as well
as for the other countries and we request the
assistance of the World Water Council in
implementation of these measurements:
• To bar the construction of water reservoirs
and implementation of the other water
measurements effecting the regime of water
resource systems by the countries situated in
the basins of trans-frontier rivers without
the consent of the countries downstream;
• To confer upon it the power on holding
scientific-practical conferences in turn every
year in the capitals of States for implementation of joint research works in complex
usage and protection schedules of water
resources of inter-State rivers, creation of
scientific division on complex usage and
protection of permanently operating interState water resources;
• Pursuant to the Convention adopted in
Helsinki in 1992 on protection and usage of
border water flows and international lakes,
to take as a basis the principles of advantageous and equitable usage of the waters of
these basins in their territories by the States
being situated in the international river
basins, conclusion of inter-State agreements
and contracts on the condition not to cause
damage to the other countries by taking into
account the demand of each country for
Bangladesh
Statement by H.E. Abdur Razzaq, Minister of Water Resources
At the very outset let me congratulate The
Netherlands Government for hosting the
Second World Water Forum. I also thank The
Netherlands for taking the lead role in drafting
the Ministerial Declaration of The Hague on
Water Security in the 21st Century.
Water is one of the most important resources
of Bangladesh; but its availability in the country
is highly seasonal and widely variable. In the
monsoon we don’t need more of it as we are
flooded with water. During the dry season
when we need it badly, there is severe scarcity.
Bangladesh, being the lowest riparian of 54
97
National Statements
determination of the volume, sequence and
character of their protection measurements,
complex utilisation of water resources of
these rivers under the protection of World
Water Council and other international
organisations and working out and confirmation of their protection schedules;
• Development and implementation of urgent
measures with the assistance of the World
Water Council for the purpose of prevention
of water resources pollution of the rivers in
the Southern Caucasian region.
water, existing condition, social and
economic needs of the country, dependence
of population on these water resources and
other factors;
• Establishing a permanent Coordinating
Council for the purpose of distribution of
water resources among the Southern
Caucasian countries, advantageous usage of
them, their protection from exhaustion and
pollution, implementation of conservancy
and other measurements and regulation of
the other problems and solution of the
arguments in this sphere;
• For the purpose of complex usage of water
resources form international river basins and
National Statements
chronic food deficit problem to a large extent.
In the absence of major surface water development in the country we had no other alternative
but to exploit more and more groundwater to
irrigate our fields. In fact more than 70% of irrigation water is by groundwater. But today we
are deeply worried about the irrigation sector
also. We do not know what will happen once
the arsenic, which is now threatening a public
health disaster, gets into the food chain.
A flood forecasting and warning system has
been improved in the country to the extent
possible with very limited cross-boundary data.
Water induced disaster management capability
has also been enhanced significantly. But when
the disastrous floods like 1988 and 1998 visit us,
we find all these achievements too little to cope
with the situation. What we need is attenuation
of floods, more than 90% of which enter
Bangladesh from across the borders. We
require to secure our shares of flows of the 50
odd transboundary rivers to cater to the
demands of different water users during the dry
season including the demands for prevention of
intrusion of salinity from the Bay of Bengal in
the south of the country.
,
international and transboundary rivers has
limited control over the flows from across the
borders. Excessive population and severe
scarcity of land are other major impediments to
the overall development of the country. On top
of all these, the country is visited periodically by
natural disasters like floods, cyclones and
droughts. These water-related disasters have
claimed some 153,000 lives in Bangladesh in the
last decade, affected at least 50 million people
and caused more than 7 billion US-dollars in
property damage.
Is this not too much to endure for a poor
country like Bangladesh? In order to tackle
these adversities we, with our meagre
resources, have been doing our best. The
country has been able to provide some degree
of protection to several millions of people from
floods, cyclonic storm surges, droughts and
river erosion. But these are not enough. We
are glad that we have provided more than 90%
of the population access to safe drinking water.
But the most unfortunate phenomenon of
arsenic poisoning of groundwater in more than
50% of the total area of the country is now frustrating this achievement of ours. We have been
able to bring more agricultural land under irrigation to grow more food to alleviate the
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My government signed a 30-year Treaty with
the Government of India in December 1996 and
secured the share of the Ganges waters during
the dry season. Past reduction of dry season
flows have caused widespread and severe environmental degradation to over a quarter of the
country, affecting the lives and livelihoods of
the people, particularly women and children.
Our Government today is committed to making
best use of the waters of the Ganges secured
under the Treaty. Several previous studies
indicate that large-scale diversion of the Ganges
waters to its dependent areas is necessary to
meet the many different needs. Bangladesh
needs support from the international
community to harnes the Ganges waters and
restore the environment of the Ganges
All our efforts will be futile if we do not get cooperation of the co-basin countries of the
major international rivers like the Ganges, the
Brahmaputra and the Meghna which drain
through Bangladesh. Basin-wide management of
the water resources of these three rivers with
full political commitment of all concerned
On behalf of my Government I assure you that
our commitment will be there for this Ministerial Declaration of The Hague as we believe that
the Declaration would lead the way towards
basin-wide water management in the GBM
region and would encourage the developed
countries to come to the assistance of
Bangladesh in its bid to create an IWRM in the
country.
With these words, I thank you all Ladies and
Gentlemen and The Netherlands Government
for all these wonderful arrangements made for
the Forum and for all of us.
Cambodia
Effective Water Management for Sustainable Development,
Statement by H.E. Ngo Pin, Secretary of State of the Ministry of Water Resources
and Meteorology
Water is perhaps one of the most important
natural resources. ‘Water is Life’ and is at the
heart of sustainable development.
Yet the precious resource is widely mismanaged. Unless we change our ways of managing
water, we will face serious crises in the future.
The World Water Vision project is an initiative
of the World Water Commission for the 21st
Century, in particular to achieve the goals set
up for the year 2025. The objectives of the
Second World Water Forum are related to
those of the Vision for Water, Life and the Environment in the 21st Century. The Forum will be
a platform for the creation of mass public
awareness for the Vision and Framework. It will
generate political commitment (from various
governments) to address the looming crises in
water resources in this next century. It will be a
political call to implement the World Water
Vision and the Framework for Action.
99
National Statements
Bangladesh last year adopted a National Water
Policy to ensure Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM) throughout the country.
Now we are in the midst of formulation of a 25
year National Water Management Plan to
translate the policy into action. The National
Water Policy attaches due importance to
quantity as well as quality aspects of water,
people’s participation at every level of water
management, poverty alleviation, harmony with
nature, needs of the society-particularly of the
poor, women and children, and public-private
sector and GO-NGO collaboration.
governments is an essential prerequisite for
IWRM, not only in Bangladesh but also in the
entire region. Past efforts for integrated basinwide management in the Ganges, Brahmaputra
and Meghna region have failed to make any
significant headway. In our opinion the international community can play a key role to foster
cooperation in the GBM region.
dependent area, promote socio-economic
development and alleviate poverty.
National Statements
,
In the face of the additional 2 to 2.5 billion
people that will be living on this earth by 2025,
it is vital that we learn how to manage our
water. There is enough water, but we do not
manage it properly.
Water management needs change more in the
next twenty years than it has in the past 2000.
The World Water Council estimates 876
million people now need clean water and this
number might double every 20 years. In 1950,
twelve countries and 20 million people were
facing water shortages. In 1990, about 26
countries and 300 million people were facing
water shortage.
km3
The clean water was estimated at 1250
in
1960 and the need will be twice as much in
2010, and may reach 2,800 km3 in 2050. In 2025,
nearly two thirds of the population of the world
will suffer from water shortage, compared to
one third currently.
Furthermore, the changing climate that may
bring change in a hydrological regime is a
primary consequence of unstable water
resources. In 1997, a water-related UN survey
included a compilation of ‘detailed inventory of
fresh water in the world’, published by the
WMO.
Currently, peoples of the world are living in
fear for natural catastrophes such as shortage
of water pollution and other disturbing
phenomena such as the recent floods in
Mozambique, forest fires in Indonesia, and
vulcanoes in the Philippines.
This year the WWF’s main focus is ‘water is the
scarce resource’ and currently threatened by
pollution as an impact of repeated floods and
droughts. Therefore, water is to be integrated
in the responsibilities of all of us. For this
reason, all national institutions related to Meteorology and Hydrology should make the
100
existing water resources inventory standardised, monitored for water quality and prepare
and issue warnings to local populations
whenever necessary. National institutions of
meteorology and hydrology have to further
closely cooperate to find ways and means to
forecast and warn of floods and droughts.
The Kingdom of Cambodia has a total water
storage of about 585 km3 . However, only 88
km3 can be used annually. We use 2.5 km3 a
year, of which 82% in agriculture, 11.6% for
drinking water and 6.4% for industry and other
usage.
According to estimates for 2020, the needs of
water for development may increase 35 km3
each year. According to the first evaluation, the
Kingdom of Cambodia has not been seriously
affected by ground-water nor surface water.
But, for national sustainable development, a
general commitment is a condition for the
protection of water resources, by setting up
measures to eradicate pollution, both for
ground and surface water, stemming from
chemicals and others.
Currently, the creation and improvement of
hydraulic systems for monitoring and supervising our water resources are still to be
developed. The issue requires both spiritual and
technical consciousness, along with financial
resources from experts, ministries, the Ministry
of Economy and Finance, from the government
and national and international organisations.
China
I would hereby like to give a brief account of
water-related issues in China and the strategies
for their solution.
1 An Overview of Water
Resources in China
China is a country with a vast territory and a
multitude of rivers and lakes. Within her
borders, there are around 50,000 rivers with
basin areas exceeding 1,000,000 square kilometers and more than 1500 rivers with basin areas
exceeding 1,000 square kilometers each. The
number of lakes with a surface area of over one
square kilometer is about 2300, among which
12 lakes cover surface area of more than 1,000
square kilometers each.
Water resources in China exhibit the following
features. Firstly, while the total quantity is
considerable, per capita share is very low.
China commands 2800 km3 water in total, the
sixth largest on world standing. However, per
capita share of water is only 2300 cubic meters,
about one-fourth of world average. Secondly,
the distribution of water resources is uneven in
terms of geography. Southern and eastern parts
of the country have plenty of water whilst
northern and western parts are short of water.
In addition, the distribution of water hardly
matches the locations of population, farmland
and mineral reserves. River systems to the
north of the Yangtze River account for 63.5% of
national territory, but only 19% of her total
water resources. Inland river systems in northwestern China make up 35.3% of national
territory, but only 4.6% of her total water
resources. Arid climate and the shortage of
water represent the major natural conditions in
northern parts of the country. Thirdly, precipitation varies drastically by year and season.
Owing to the impacts of a monsoon climate, the
precipitation and runoff are distributed
unevenly each year. In most areas, rainfall is
scarce in spring and winter whereas storm rains
concentrate in summer and autumn. The
amount of rainfall in the four months of flood
season account for around 70% of the annual
total, often leading to flood disasters. Several
flood years or dry years in a row have also
occurred. The above natural conditions and
geographic factors define China as a country
with chronic flood disasters, shortage of water
and a fragile ecosystem and determine the
special role and functions of the water sector in
the overall social and economic development of
the country.
China boasts a long history of harnessing water.
Since the era when the legendary hero Dayu
fought with water, the Chinese people have
enlisted themselves in the courageous fight
against floods and drought disasters for 5000
years. Taming water disasters and bringing
benefits to the people have long weighed
heavily in the security and prosperity of the
country. In particular, since the founding of the
People’s Republic of China, the people’s
government has been attaching high priority to
the development of the water sector and
remarkable progress has been accomplished in
this sector. By the end of 1998, the country had
constructed and consolidated 260,000 kilome-
101
National Statements
The Second World Water Forum and Ministerial Conference offer us an excellent opportunity for sharing experiences and thereby
enhancing mutual understanding, expanding
common grounds and stimulating cooperation.
Stimulate Sustainable Social and Economic Development in China with Sustainable
Utilisation of Water Resources - Statement by H. E. Mr. Wang Shucheng, Minister of
Water Resources, the People’s Republic of China
National Statements
,
ters of river dykes and more than 80,000 reservoirs of different sizes, basically controlling
normal floods in rivers and lakes. Water supply
has been raised to 560 billion cubic meters and
irrigation area has been expanded from 16
million hectares in 1949 to 533 million hectares
in 1998. An aggregate of 830,000 square kilometers of land affected by water and soil
erosion has been brought under treatment.
Water sector development has played a pivotal
role in resisting flood and drought disasters,
protecting industrial and agricultural production as well as the lives and properties of the
public and safeguarding social stability.
ment. The pollution of water is relatively
serious in China. Both the quantity of wastewater discharge and the length of rivers
polluted are growing. Most cities have been
affected by water pollution to various degrees.
Water and soil erosion has become the focus of
public concern. The dry-out of rivers is exacerbating in northern river systems. Since the
1990s, the Yellow River saw dry-out sections
every year. In addition, China is also challenged
by the issues of shrinking lake and river bodies,
degradation of grassland, desertification of
farmland and excessive withdrawal of underground water.
However, in the perspective of the 21st
century, China still faces severe challenges.
This severe situation of water resources has
constituted a huge threat to China’s sustainable
development. From the perspective of population growth, by the year 2030, China will have a
population of 1.6 billion with per capita share
reduced by one-fifth to 1700 cubic meters.
From the dimension of economic development,
China’s economy will stay in the period of rapid
development in the coming decades. Water use
in urban areas and industries will see remarkable growth and the quantity of discharged
wastewater will also see corresponding growth.
From the perspective of urban development,
the conflict between supply side and demand
side will further grow with the progress of
urbanisation. Therefore, in the 21st century,
China is facing a heavy task in the water sector.
Firstly, low flood control standards and
frequent flood and drought disasters pose huge
threats to economic development and social
stability. Over the past ten years, five largescale floods have taken place in major rivers and
lakes of China, bringing about tremendous
damage to the lives and properties of the public
as well as economic construction. In particular,
the exceptional floods in Yangtze River, Nen
River and Songhua River in 1998 fully exposed
the deficient flood control capability of China.
Flood control is a long-term and pressing task
for China.
Secondly, the trend of growing water shortage.
The shortage of water is a common issue among
industrial, agricultural and urban sectors. At
present, an average of 266 million hectares of
farmland suffers from drought disasters
annually. In rural areas, 24 million people still
have difficulty in accessing drinking water. Out
of the 600 cities around the country, 400 have
deficits in water supply. Drought and water
shortages have become a major constraint on
social-economic development, in particular, the
stable development of the agricultural sector.
Thirdly, the degradation of the water environ-
102
2 The Strategies for Solving
China’s Water Issues
In face of the severe challenge posed by water
issues to the sustainable social and economic
development in China, the Chinese government
has adopted a series of active measures for
their solution.
a Formulate water development plans
according to the guiding thought of sustainable development.
In order to solve complex water issues, it is a
103
National Statements
III
ment, providing support and security for
national economic and social development.
Emphasis should be given to the role of
water resources development in stimulating the economic growth of river basins
and regions. Economic and social development needs to take full account of local
water resources conditions. In areas with
shortage of water, development plans
should be formulated within the capacity of
water resources, deciding upon supply
according to availability of water and
deciding upon demand according to availability of supply.
To adopt an integrated approach in
planning and treating issues like flood and
drought disasters, water shortage and
water environment degradation. To insist
on overall planning, unified management,
treating both the causes and consequences
of water issues, combining disaster alleviation with benefits creation, giving equal
attention to the development of new
resources and the saving of existing
resources, controlling floods while alleviating drought. It is also important to deal
properly with the relationships between
necessity to formulate scientific and all-round
water resources development and utilisation
plans. At present, Chinese government regards
water development planning as a task of
extreme urgency and importance and places
special emphasis on abiding by the sustainable
development principle in the planning process.
Major guiding principles for the water development planning include the following:
I To insist on the harmonious co-existence
of mankind and nature. Mankind should not
make use of nature in an unrestrained way.
In managing water resources, efforts should
not only be made to protect mankind from
destruction by water, but also be made to
protect water from destruction by
mankind. Massive logging activities, reclamation of lakes for farmland, unrestrained
diversion of river water, excessive withdrawal of underground water, wasteful
usage of water and pollution of water are all
examples of humanity damaging water.
Humanity will invite punishment if he
cannot establish a harmonious relationship
with nature. Therefore, the development of
water resources should not only satisfy the
need of economic and domestic uses, but
also consider the requirements of ecological and environmental systems. Attention
should be given to saving water, planning
water use and scientific use of water. Flood
management should be implemented
according to masterplans, integrating dyke
projects, water control projects, river
course projects, flood retention projects
and water and soil conservation projects.
II The development of water resources
should be more closely linked to the development of society and national economy.
To match the objectives of water
resources development with the overall
objectives of national economic and social
development, the scale and speed of
construction in the water sector should be
adapted to national economic develop-
,
National Statements
upstream areas and downstream areas,
between left bank and right bank, between
main streams and tributaries, between
urban areas and rural areas, between river
basins and surrounding regions, between
development and protection, between
construction and management, between
near-term objectives and long-term objectives.
b To intensify the construction of flood
control projects and strive to raise the floodresisting capability of major rivers and lakes
and coastal regions to a level commensurate
with local social and economic development.
The exceptional floods occurring in the Yangtze
River, Neng River and Songhua River of China
taught us many lessons. The most important
lesson is that flood control capability of China is
still very low. Flood disasters remain as a
chronic threat to the Chinese people and
therefore the strengthening of flood management capacity is an urgent and long-term task
for the existence and development of the
Chinese people. As a result, the Chinese
government has launched a new programme to
formulate and revise the flood management
plans in an all-around way, substantially
increasing financial input in the construction of
flood control projects and starting a massive
construction campaign focused on the dyke
systems of major rivers and lakes. In 1999,
large-scale floods revisited the Yangtze River
basin. Those dyke systems constructed since
the flood season of 1998 played a vital role in
resisting flood attacks. The government of
China will go a step further in strengthening the
construction of flood control projects, striving
to raise the flood control projects along major
rivers, lakes and coastlines to the level
commensurate with local economic and social
development within 5 to 10 years. For the
instance of Yangtze river basin, China plans to
construct a flood control system with river
104
dykes as its basis and Three Gorge Project as its
backbone, combining engineering measures like
the reservoirs on main streams and tributaries,
flood storage and retention basins and river
training projects, with non-engineering
measures like water and soil conservation,
flood forecasting, flood rescuing and flood
insurance. After this flood control system is in
place, the Yangtze River basin will be able to
resist the largest scale of flood that has
occurred in the 20th century. The nearly
completed Xiaolangdi project in Yellow river
will raise the flood control capability downstream from 60 years return period to 1000
years return period. In the process of
constructing flood control projects in major
rivers and lakes, many regions in China also
place emphasis on the flood defense in urban
areas and the management of middle-sized and
small watersheds.
3 Give First Priority to the Saving and
Protection of Water Resources
Overall, China is a country with severe water
shortage. In some regions, such as northern
China and northwestern China, water shortage
is characterised by the lack of resources; in
some regions, such as southwestern China,
water shortage is a result of insufficient water
projects; in still other regions, the shortage of
water is caused by pollution of water. In order
to overcome the shortage of water, we insist on
giving equal attention to the development of
new resources, the saving of existing resources
and protection of resources. In view of the
reality of insufficient total water quantity, we
give the first priority to saving and protecting
water resources. China is actively promoting
water-saving practices, regarding water-saving
irrigation as a revolutionary measure and
deeming the establishment of water-saving
modes of agriculture, industry and society as
the objective of all society.
Water-saving irrigation has vast potential and
Major practices adopted for water resources
protection include: intensified treatment of
seriously polluted rivers and lakes; compulsory
closure of small enterprises with low energy
efficiency and severe pollution; implementation
of standard discharge at key industrial pollution
sources; unified discharge of water at rivers,
increasing the proportion of water for ecolog-
4 Improve Allocation of Water Resources
and Strengthen Integrated Management
of Water Resources
In face of the insufficiency of total water
resources, we attach great importance to the
optimal allocation of water resources. Water
resources allocation has two meanings: The
first meaning is allocation of water withdrawal,
which mainly studies how much surface and
ground water can be used, how much local
water is used and how much water should be
diverted from somewhere else, whether it is
necessary to utilise sea water, etc. The second
meaning is the allocation of water use, which
studies the different water demands of industry,
agriculture, domestic households, environment
and ecology and guarantees the most crucial
water use. The key to optimal water allocation
is to formulate an overall scientific water
resources development and utilisation plan. In
combination with the on-going economic
restructuring in China, we are formulating the
water resources development and utilisation
plan for the northern part of China to coordinate the production structure and water allocation.
While emphasising water conservation and
protection, we need to construct many water
source projects according to plan, including
further utilisation of groundwater where
appropriate, mobilising the local people to build
small and micro water conservancy projects
and rainwater collecting projects in dry areas,
construct a South-to-North Water Transfer
Project and other inter-basin water transfer
projects when appropriate.
In order to realise optimal allocation of water
resources, we have regarded strengthening
105
National Statements
Major measures for extending water-saving irrigation are as follows: (I) formulate the objective
and planning for water-saving irrigation; (II)
formulate policies encouraging the development of water-saving irrigation; (III) provide
investment support to water-saving projects;
(IV) research, introduce and develop watersaving irrigation equipment; (V) establish service
networks for extending water-saving technology; (VI) strengthen scientific work on
water-saving technology, improve sustainability
of water-saving irrigation in future; (VII) create
public awareness of water-saving work through
extensive publicity.
ical purposes; instituting a waste discharge
license system; improving the measures on
monitoring water environment and enhancing
the scientific research on water environment.
comprehensive functions. It not only saves
water, but also saves energy, land, labor,
fertiliser and time and improves production and
efficiency. The change of irrigation patterns
could stimulate the structural adjustment of
agricultural crops, the change of farming
practices and production relationships. Owing
to its advanced scientific nature, water-saving
irrigation is destined to bring about a revolution
in the agriculture sector. In Shandong province
of China, up to now, farmland with access to
water-saving irrigation has been expanded to
3.30 million hectares. Through the implementation of water-saving irrigation schemes, the
province has saved 27000 hectares of farmland,
4.5 billion cubic meters of water and 2.5 billion
kilograms of food grain. In recent years, the
agricultural sector has used less water than
before, but irrigation area has been increased.
The output of food grains, vegetable and fruits
have also seen remarkable increases.
National Statements
,
integrated water resources management as an
important measure. On the one hand, we
emphasise integrated water resources management in a river basin with the aim to establish an
authoritative, efficient and coordinated water
resource management system so as to achieve
rational control and integrated management of
water resources in the basin. On the other
hand, we actively promote urban water
management to implement integrated management of urban flood control, water storage,
water supply, water use, water conservation,
drainage, water resources protection, waste
water treatment and reuse, and ground water
recharge so as to guarantee optimal allocation
of water resources.
Paid water use is beneficial for efficient water
utilisation. As a gift of the nature, after
processed by engineering measures, water
becomes a commodity. Therefore, we must
fully use the economic lever of water tariffs to
promote water conservation and optimal allocation of water resources.
5 Implement the Strategy of ‘Great Development in the West’ with the Emphasis
on Ecological Improvement
‘Great Development in the West’ is an
important strategic decision made by the
Chinese government recently, which is significant for the current situation and long-term
development of China’s modernisation. In the
west, especially the northwest, there are large
territories, limited water resources and there is
serious water and soil erosion, so the ecology is
very fragile. Therefore, water resources are the
most strategic resources in this region, the
rational development and utilisation of which
are very important components of the strategy
of the ‘Great Development in the West’.
106
In developing the west, water resources development will focus on the following:
1 Improve ecology by planting trees and grass
on a large scale, regulating water and soil
erosion, and preventing desertification. It is
necessary to protect the natural forests in
the upstream of the Yangtze River, middle
and upstream of the Yellow River, restore
farmland to forests and afforestation for
mountains so as to stop the ecological degradation in the west.
2 Rehabilitate and construct irrigation districts
with the emphasis on water-saving irrigation.
3 Solve human drinking water problems in a
short period.
4 Strengthen integrated water resources
management within a river basin or region
with the aim of optimal water allocation.
5 Implement necessary inter-region and interbasin water transfer projects in a long run
and from a holistic point of view.
To sum up, we should make efforts to improve
water use efficiency.
China is ready to participate in relevant international water events to increase mutual understanding and promote cooperation. Let’s join
our hands to solve urgent problems in the
water sector together and contribute to the
sustainable development of human society.
France
La France remercie chaleureusement celles et
ceux qui n’ont pas ménagé leurs efforts pour
organiser cette conférence: tout d’abord bien
sûr, les autorités néerlandaises qui en ont pris
l’initiative, puis les membres du Comité de
pilotage international et enfin l’ensemble des
organisations du monde entier qui, à travers
leurs Visions, ont contribué à la définition des
orientations de l’action pour les 20 années à
venir.
1 L’état de la ressource en eau est
préoccupant au niveau mondial:
C’est une vérité simple et cruelle à la fois, l’eau
est une ressource vitale, vulnérable, et rare
pour une partie importante de l’humanité. Les
chiffres sont là: près de 250 millions d’êtres
humains, représentant 26 pays, manquent
cruellement d’eau.
Par ailleurs, l’eau en excès tue aussi, par des
inondations ou des glissements de terrain
dramatiques; citons les événements récents du
Vénézuela et du Mozambique, mais il y en a
malheureusement bien d’autres qui pourraient
être mentionnés. Autre constat qui aggrave la
situation: l’eau, quand elle ne manque pas, est
souvent gaspillée. La consommation ne cesse en
effet d’augmenter; elle a été multipliée par sept
depuis le début du siècle, par deux au cours des
20 dernières années.
Enfin, quand elle est présente, l’eau est souvent
polluée et impropre à la consommation
humaine: 20% de la population mondiale
demeure toujours privée d’une alimentation en
eau salubre. Choléra, hépatites, dengues,
paludisme et parasitoses diverses causent des
millions de victimes par an.
2 Initiatives internationales pour l’eau:
Face à cette situation dramatique, la communauté internationale n’est pas restée inactive et
la gestion de l’eau est une préoccupation
constante depuis la conférence de Mar del Plata
en 1978 qui avait lancé la décennie internationale de l’eau potable et de l’assainissement.
La conférence de Dublin et le Sommet de la
Terre de Rio de 1992 ont rappelé que l’eau ne
pouvait pas être considéré comme un bien
économique comme un autre, mais aussi
comme un bien naturel et culturel et un bien
social. Autrement dit, l’eau ne peut être gérée
comme un bien marchand car c’est un bien
public, un bien collectif et patrimonial.
Malgré ces avancées et une prise de conscience
renforcée, le bilan des efforts déployés
montrait que le chemin restant à parcourir était
très long et ceci d’autant plus qu’en même
temps la population mondiale devenait de plus
en plus importante, les villes ne cessaient de
croître et les modes de vie et le développement
économique contribuaient à des pressions de
plus en plus fortes sur l’eau et les milieux aquatiques.
Les méthodes employées et les moyens
financiers mis en œuvre n’avaient pas permis
d’obtenir des résultats tangibles; c’est la raison
pour laquelle la session extraordinaire de
l’Assemblée Générale des Nations-Unies, qui
s’est tenue à New York en juin 1997, a fait de
l’eau un thème majeur pour les cinq années
suivantes. En effet, à moins d’une inflexion
107
National Statements
La France formule le voeu que la conférence de
LA HAYE marquera une étape nouvelle dans la
mise en place d’une gestion durable de l’eau et
souligne l’urgence de relever ce défi au niveau
mondial.
Statement by H.E. Mme Dominique Voynet, Minister of the Environment
(french version)
National Statements
,
rapide des modes de production et de consommation, cette ressource constituera un frein
essentiel pour le développement économique,
voire la source de conflits nouveaux et dramatiques.
D’autres initiatives ont suivi dont notamment le
forum mondial de Marrakech en 1997 et la
Conférence internationale sur l’eau et le
développement durable de Paris en 1998.
3 Conférence Internationale sur l’eau et le
développement durable, Paris, février
1998:
Cette conférence avait pour objectif de
montrer que la dynamique de Rio n’était pas
stoppée. Elle a permis de renouer le fil d’un
dialogue constructif, sous l’égide de la Commission du Développement Durable et de
contribuer à ce que les engagements pris à Rio
soient tenus.
Cette conférence a ainsi permis de renforcer la
reconnaissance des grands principes visant à
promouvoir une gestion durable de l’eau et des
milieux aquatiques:
• tout d’abord, l’intérêt d’une amélioration de
la connaissance de la ressource et de ses
usages, de la formation de l’ensemble des
intervenants et de l’information des populations;
• la nécessité de définir et mettre en œuvre les
outils réglementaires et institutionnels les
plus adaptés à une gestion durable et équilibrée de la ressource en eau, grâce
notamment à une planification géographique
à l’échelle des bassins-versants et à une
programmation sur une période de 10 à 30
ans;
• la priorité à accorder à la concertation pour
intégrer grâce à la participation de la société
civile, la politique de l’eau dans les pratiques
culturelles et sociales des populations
concernées;
• la mobilisation urgente au niveau mondial de
moyens de financement pour assurer non
seulement les investissements mais aussi l’en-
108
tretien et le bon fonctionnement des
aménagements réalisés;
• l’application du principe pollueur-payeur et,
dans cet objectif de responsabilisation des
acteurs pour une gestion équilibrée et
économe, le recouvrement des coûts sur les
utilisateurs, dans le respect du devoir de
satisfaire les besoins vitaux de chacun.
4 La réforme de la politique française
de l’eau :
La France applique ces principes depuis 1964 ;
elle possède à ce titre une longue expérience
qui s’appuie sur les comités de bassins et les
agences de l’eau qui permettent la conduite
d’une politique globale sur chaque grand bassinversant, ainsi que la définition transparente de
la politique dont les règles du jeu sont précisées
par les schémas directeurs d’aménagement et
de gestion des eaux (SDAGE).
Cette politique est en cours de renforcement
aujourd’hui:
• d’une part, pour plus de transparence, de
démocratie et de solidarité: les instances de
bassin font désormais une plus grande place
aux représentants des consommateurs et des
associations de protection de l’environnement ainsi qu’à ceux des grandes villes; les
programmes pluriannuels des agences de
l’eau seront soumis à l’approbation du
Parlement au plan national. Par ailleurs, les
L’Académie de l’Eau, structure française
associant les pouvoirs publics et les organisations privées, a par ailleurs élaboré une Charte
5 Progrès récents enregistrés au niveau
international :
Au sein de l’Union Européenne, les grands
principes de gestion de l’eau rappelés dans la
déclaration de Paris sont intégrés dans le projet
de directive communautaire cadre sur l’eau qui
devrait être définitivement adoptée très
prochainement. L’Union Européenne apporte
par ailleurs son appui aux pays de l’Europe
centrale et orientale par la mise en place
d’outils efficaces de définition et de mise en
œuvre d’une politique efficace de gestion équilibrée de la ressource en eau, dans la perpective
de leur intégration dans cette Union. La France
y joue un rôle actif grâce notamment à l’Office
International de l’eau. Le programme d’actions
euroméditerranéen pour l’eau, adopté en
octobre, entend également appliquer ces
principes; la mise en place opérationnelle dès
cette année du SEMIDE (Système EuroMéditerranéen d’Information sur les savoirfaire dans le domaine de l’eau) en fournit une
première application concrète. La gestion
intégrée de grands fleuves transfrontaliers
européens (Rhin, Meuse, Escault...) grâce à des
commissions internationales qui, à l’instar de la
CIPR (Commission Internationale pour la
Protection du Rhin), ont prouvé leur efficacité
depuis des années, s’inscrit également dans
cette perspective. Enfin, les échanges entre
organismes de bassins dans le cadre du Réseau
International des Organismes de Bassins (RIOB)
augurent de la généralisation progressive de la
gestion intégrée par bassin-versant.
109
National Statements
Enfin, l’efficacité de l’action de l’Etat et de ses
établissements publics concernés sera
augmentée en ciblant le prochain programme
d’interventions des agences de l’eau 2002-2006
sur quelques fortes priorités pour reconquérir
une eau et des milieux aquatiques de qualité
(soutien à l’assainissement, priorité au milieu
rural, etc.) sans augmenter la pression fiscale
sur les usagers de l’eau. Par ailleurs, la coordination des actions dans les différents bassins et
la police administrative et répressive seront
renforcées.
Sociale de l’Eau, excellent symbole d’un projet
de gestion partagée de l’eau associant tous les
acteurs: cette Charte qui rappelle que l’accès de
tous à l’eau est un droit imprescriptible,
présente des recommandations permettant
l’exercice efficace d’une solidarité nécessaire
entre riches et pauvres avec de nombreuses
expériences vécues de gestion partagée avec les
usagers où des Français ont notamment joué un
rôle majeur.
missions du service public d’eau et d’assainissement seront redéfinies, la réglementation concernant les relations entre les villes
et les grandes compagnies distributrices
(délégations de service), est renforcée avec
la création d’un Haut Conseil du Service
Public de l’eau et de l’assainissement; les
conditions de facturation seront mieux
encadrées et enfin le dispositif de solidarité
au bénéfice des personnes en difficulté sera
développé,
• d’autre part, en vue d’un renforcement du
principe pollueur-payeur avec, en premier
lieu, la création d’une fiscalité écologique
(« pollu-taxe ») qui, dans le but de modifier
les comportements, concerne en 2000, les
lessives, les produits phytosanitaires et les
extractions de granulats et d’autre part, une
réforme en profondeur des redevances des
agences de l’eau : redevance sur les pollutions domestiques davantage liée à l’importance des rejets au milieu, création d’une
redevance sur les excédents d’azote dans les
exploitation agricoles, principe de neutralité
de la redevance sur les consommations d’eau
selon les différents usages, création de redevances sur les ouvrages et aménagements qui
modifient le régime des eaux, etc.
National Statements
,
6 Conférence ministérielle sur la sécurité de
l’eau au XXIe siècle - La Haye - 21-22
mars 2000 :
La France considère que la Déclaration
ministérielle de la Haye doit constituer un pas
majeur vers l’application concrète générale des
principes de gestion de l’eau issus notamment
de la conférence de Paris sur l’eau et le
développement durable.
Elle insiste à cet égard sur les points fondamentaux suivants :
• toute politique durable de l’eau repose sur
une gestion globale par bassin-versant, qui
préserve le bon fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques;
• la gestion de l’eau doit revêtir un caractère
collectif et partenarial à l’initiation des
pouvoirs publics et de l’Etat;
• le développement de partenariats entre
secteurs public et privé, utile pour réunir les
financements nécessaires, doit s’établir sous
le contrôle de la société civile sur des bases
réglementaires claires et transparentes;
• la satisfaction des différents usages de l’eau
ne devrait pas passer par la recherche systématique d’une mobilisation de nouvelles
ressources mais passe aussi par une maîtrise
de la demande, dans des conditions socialement acceptables;
110
• le développement d’accords de coopération
entre pays partageant un même bassin est
une priorité pour prévenir les conflits
autours de l’accès à l’eau.
La France est favorable à créer un mécanisme
de financement innovant où les aides et les
garanties d’investissements publics pourraient
appuyer les financements privés, si les entreprises s’engagent sur un cahier des charges
précis incluant le traitement des aspects
sociaux et institutionnels de la distribution de
l’eau, notamment dans les quartiers urbains
défavorisés. Le pilotage de ce mécanisme de
financement devrait être strictement indépendant des entreprises et associer étroitement les
ONG.
En favorisant l’échange d’expériences et de
savoir-faire, dans le respect des principes de
prévention et de précaution adoptés à Rio, la
Conférence de La Haye constituera, certainement, une étape précieuse pour la gestion
durable de l’eau et des milieux aquatiques
partout dans le monde. La conférence RIO + 10
permettra d’apprécier au regard des objectifs
fixés en 1992, les évolutions dans cette gestion.
The Republic of The Gambia
The Republic of The Gambia (located 13º-14º
north and longitudes 13º-17º west) has a total
surface area of approximately 11,300 square
kilometers, of which water bodies occupy
approximately 20%.
The country’s land area is in two strips (north
and south banks), flanking the River Gambia and
stretching eastward, from the Atlantic Ocean,
over a distance of approximately 400 kilometers. The country shares borders with Senegal
on the northern, eastern and southern boundaries. The topography is mainly flat and the
highest elevation is 50 meters (located in the
eastern part of the country). The population is
approximately 1.02 million (75% rural and 25%
urban), with a growth rate of approximately 4%.
The climate is of the sahelian savannah type, and
the vegetation is mainly grassland, with
scattered trees and sparsely-distributed thick
shrubs. Average annual rainfall is approximately
870 millimeters. Approximately 98-99% of the
precipitation occurs during the period June to
October. Due to the small size of the country,
variations in climate factors other than rainfall,
are, more often than not, insignificant. Mean
relative humidity ranges between 38% (January)
and 80-90% (August/September). Temperatures are generally between 16º Celsius
(December/January) to 41º Celsius
(March/April/May).
Status of National Water Resources
Surface water
The Gambia has both ground and surface water
resources. The river Gambia, which is the
surface water resource, takes its source from
the Fouta Jallon Highlands, in Guinea, and flows
into The Gambia through the Republic of
Senegal. However, salt water intrusion does
occur in the river. The saline front varies
between 100 km (from the estuary), in
September/October, to approximately 250 km
upstream, during May/June depending on annual
precipitation. Although the river offers great
potential for agricultural development, its use
for crop irrigation has, so far, been very limited
for various reasons including the absence of an
irrigation authority, shortage of expertise in
relevant areas such as irrigation and drainage,
water management and paucity of resources for
the implementation of crop irrigation projects.
Groundwater
The nation’s groundwater resources are found
in two main aquifer systems: the Shallow
Sandstone Aquifer (split further into the Upper
Phreatic and Semi-confined Aquifers) the deep
Maestrichtian Sandstone Aquifer. The Shallow
Sandstone Aquifer is located between 10 and
100 meters below ground level, while the Deep
Sandstone Aquifer is at depths of between 250
and 450 meters.
The Shallow Sand Aquifer extends throughout
The Gambia and Senegal, at depths of 10-50
meters below ground level, and the water flow
is from south to north. The primary source of
aquifer recharge is rainfall infiltration. A
secondary source is lateral flow from Senegal.
Aquifer recharge is very sensitive to rainfall.
Exploitation of the aquifer is mainly through
shallow wells and bore-holes. These modes of
exploitation suit the socio-economic circumstances of the country, since the former is
practised in small villages whilst the bore-holes
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National Statements
On behalf of His Excellency, Dr. Alhaji Yahya
A.J.J. Jammeh, President of The Republic of The
Gambia, I wish to express profound appreciation to the Kingdom of The Netherlands for
inviting us to participate in this global event.
Statement by H.E. Hassan Sallah, Secretary of State for Agriculture
National Statements
,
are used in larger villages with 1,000 or more
inhabitants and also for municipal water
supplies.
At present the Deep Sandstone Aquifer is not
exploited. However, over the last 20 to 25
years there have been significant abstractions
from this aquifer in Senegal. Within The
Gambia, this aquifer does not receive recharge
from rainfall. The main source of recharge is
from lateral through-flow from Senegal,
estimated at 1.8 million m3 per year. The
secondary source of recharge, which is considered negligible, is downward leakage through
the overlying aquiclude, but this situation may
change when aquifer exploitation is started.
The total estimated volume of water in the
Deep Sandstone Aquifer is 650 billion m3, of
which only about 80 billion m3 is of good quality
(chemically). Although, in the easternmost parts
of Central and Upper River Divisions, the
Aquifer contains water of good chemical
quality. As the Aquifer underlies both The
Gambia and Senegal, its utilisation should
consider the long-term needs of the two
nations and be such that adverse effects caused
by deterioration in quality and receding water
levels are avoided. In particular, it is essential to
peg the exploitation within The Gambia, at a
certain level until research investigations
provide clear indications of likely aquifer
behavior during exploitation.
Access to safe water in The Gambia is approximately 51% in rural areas and about 92% in the
urban setting. It is estimated that the average
groundwater recharge rate is approximately
600 million m3 but the average extraction rate is
yet to be determined.
Relevance of Water Resources to The
Gambia’s Socio-economic Development
As is the case in many countries, the world
over, The Gambia is heavily dependent on
adequate clean water resources for its socio-
112
economic development. Our arable land is
estimated at 430,000 hectares (1992), while
cultivated land is approximately 196,000
hectares (1991). Major crops cultivated during
the rainy season are Early and Late Millets,
Maize, Sorghum, Upland and Swamp Rice, and
Groundnuts. Most of the land in The Gambia is
suitable for agricultural purposes, but the total
area under cultivation varies from year to year,
depending on socio-economic trends and
climate factors. For example, the area under
groundnut cultivation fell from 110,000
hectares in 1983/84 to approximately 68,000 in
1996/97. The area cultivated to millet rose from
21,300 hectares in 1984/85 to 41,800 in
1993/94. Despite the ever-increasing population, the agricultural area per capita is falling
and is now approximately 0.35 hectares. The
effect of this drop is reflected in the nation’s
Cereal Balance for the 10-year period from
1985 - 1995, which indicates that national
cereal self-sufficiency, which was 58% in 1985,
declined to 41% by 1995, recording a grain
deficit of approximately 16,000 tons in that
year. This figure represents about 8% of total
cereal requirements (the approximate monthly
cereal need). The indications are that inadequate rains were partly responsible for this
food deficiency.
Safe exploitation of fresh water resources for,
inter alia, human and livestock consumption,
and agriculture is essential for the maintenance
of a healthy population, and for poverty
reduction; it goes without saying that one of the
key prerequisites for successful socio-economic
development is a healthy population. Deficiencies in the water supply would, undoubtedly,
seriously stall national development efforts.
The Gambia’s annual rainfall figures, prior to
1968 averaged between 1,000 and 1,200 mm,
but, during the period 1968 to 1991, there was
a decrease of 27-30% in average annual rainfall,
reducing the annual precipitation to approximately 870 mm (1999). From 1992 to 1998,
Actions necessary
These incidences in The Gambia are but a few
indicators which, I feel, strongly justify this
Forum. Presently, our water resources are far
from adequate to our needs, and scientific
evidence indicates that this already grave
situation could be compounded by the adverse
impacts of climate change. Therefore, the need
to judiciously manage water resources at both
national and international levels cannot be
over-emphasised. Since ground and surface
water resources know no boundaries, it would
be prudent for all countries to recognise this
fact and the importance of our collective role in
water resource management, and, in the
process, discuss among ourselves (developing
and developed nations) the possibility of assistance to resource-poor nations to facilitate
achievement of our common objective of
harnessing and preserving our water resources.
The Gambia’s Vision 2020 objectives call for
improvements in our socio-economic performance. It emphasises, inter alia, rapid growth in
the nation’s two dominant sectors (agriculture
and natural resources) which, together, employ
about 70% of the total work force and control
approximately 22% of GDP. But, despite these
relatively high statistics, the sectors’ productivity levels are lagging behind those of other
sectors. The reasons are partly due to the
shortfall in water supplies experienced over the
The details I have already highlighted about The
Gambia’s water resources, clearly illustrate our
inter-dependence with our neighbouring
countries for sustainability of water resources.
I believe similar situations exist with several
other countries. Sub-regional efforts have been
mounted by several countries to, jointly,
harness trans-boundary waters. These efforts
are necessary and should be encouraged and
strengthened through enhancement of the links
that already exist between nations in this
endeavour, and also through assistance in needy
areas, by well-endowed nations. On this score,
The Gambia is in full agreement with the West
Africa Water Vision and the Plan of Action for
its realisation; the actions proposed in the
Ouagadougou Declaration, presented by the
Honourable Minister of Water Resources of
Burkina Faso, on behalf of the West African
Nations; and the The Hague Declaration. I
believe these actions are absolutely necessary
as major contributory factors to achieving
water security in the 21st century and beyond.
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National Statements
years. Therefore, to achieve the Mission’s
objective of accelerating economic performance, it is imperative that we increase production of both domestic and export produce to
help ensure food security, and generate foreign
exchange earnings to finance the initiatives in
the development process. The harnessing and
effective management of national water
resources, therefore, has a key role to play in
ensuring, inter alia, diversified crop production
and reduced income disparities between rural
and urban populations, and between sexes.
annual precipitation increased gradually such
that, by 1999, average annual rainfall was
approximately 948 mm, although this average is
still below the averages of the 1960s. This drop
in rainfall, in comparison to the 1960s, has
manifested itself in a drop in the water level of
our Shallow Sand Aquifer. Annual crop production levels have also been adversely affected by
the decline in the rainfall figures. The Gambia
could still face the prospect of unpredictable
rains similar in nature to what prevailed during
the drought years, in the early to mid-1970s,
and the early 1980s.
National Statements
,
Federal Republic of Germany
Speech by the Deputy Minister Dr. Uschi Eid
Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development
Germany has a long experience in managing
transboundary or shared rivers. The river
Rhine, the Elbe, Odra and Danube cross
Germany in different directions. We are happy
to say we have close co-operation with all the
riparian states along these rivers. Flood protection, quality issues, navigational use - there are a
lot of aspects we worked on together in international river commissions.
European Experience
The way to this close co-operation was not
easy. After the second world war major parts of
Europe were destroyed. Lack of trust was an
element in the policies of the late forties and
early fifties. However, we were happy to have
statesmen and politicians on both sides of the
borders, who had a vision: the regional integration of Europe - including Germany.
In this context the co-operation on transboundary rivers had an important function for
us. It was not only an instrument to solve water
problems in the interest of all riparians. More
than that it was a learning field for countries
which had been enemies. The River Commission provided a framework to work closely
together - on the political level and on the
technical level. People learned again to trust
each other. And that of course also had impacts
on other fields of policy, including regional
economic development.
Let me point out that it was a long term
commitment of all riparians involved. We
pooled our sovereignty for mutual benefit. We
have made tremendous improvements along
many of these rivers. But there are other rivers,
and we have still a long way to go: sharing
Water resources is still an important issue for
114
Europe. Therefore the European Union is
including the river-basin approach into the new
European Water Framework Directive. And I
welcome this.
Challenges in other regions
In other regions of the world we may have situations similar to those which we had in Europe
some years ago. There is often little cooperation on transboundary rivers. Lack of
communication, lack of trust or conflicts along
transboundary or shared waters hinder an
efficient and sustainable use of scarce water
resources and an equitable sharing of the
benefits from water.
And what does that mean ? Poor people, especially children and women, lack access to sufficient water. Ecosystems are damaged or
destroyed by overexploitation of water, and by
pollution. What really strikes me is that a lack
of trust between riparians often also hinders
efficient investments in water infrastructure. If
we do not co-operate, we cannot implement
the most efficient investment projects along the
rivers which benefit all riparians. And this is also
an obstacle for involvement of the private
sector. If there is no co-operation along transboundary rivers, regional co-operation will be
negatively affected.
Petersberg Process
The challenges in other regions were the
starting point of the German initiative called the
‘Petersberg Roundtable’, which started 1998 as
a joint effort of the German government and
the World Bank. The roundtable sought to
debate openIy the problems of transboundary
water management, and develop an integrated
approach to resolving them. The issue was
political commitment to peaceful cooperation.
• Broad-based partnerships: foster and
strengthen the participation of all groups
within society in the decision-making
process.
The final document of the 1st Petersberg
Roundtable focused on the following
recommendations:
1 Create Frameworks conducive to a cooperative management of international
watercourses. This includes:
• A shared vision: develop a common understanding among riparian states concerning
the goal and nature of regional co-operation
along the river course.
• Political commitment and public support for
3 Improve institutional frameworks.
This includes:
• Support confidence-building measures, and
strengthen the legal instruments affecting
international water issues.
• Increase the use of economic instruments
for water allocation and utilisation.
4 Facilitate public-private-partnerships, taking
into account social and ecological criteria.
This includes:
• Parity among co-operating partners.
• Active Support from the donors.
• Participatory approach of the World
Commission on Dams
5 Sharing knowledge through case studies of
co-operative management of international
water resources and international transfer of
experience.
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National Statements
addressed from the perspective of development, environment, security and economic
policy. An informal circle, including ministers,
senior policymakers, academics, representatives of the international organisations and
NGOs, outlined the problems of transboundary
water management, and examined regional case
studies (Rhine and Danube, Southern Africa,
Mekong and the Middle East). The clear
message of this conference was that water
should serve as a catalyst for international cooperation and peace, rather than as a source of
conflict.
2 Promote an integrated approach.
This includes:
• Strengthen co-operation at the regional level
within the framework of regional conventions.
• Promote international river basin commissions as an instrument of regional cooperation.
• Pursue integrated water management, taking
into account the various users and types of
utilisation.
• Protect and maintain natural ecosystems and
watercourse structures.
National Statements
,
What we know after these Petersberg Roundtables is the ‘shared vision’ and the common
understanding of co-operative management
objectives are crucial for effective management
of water resources. There are of course a lot of
differences between the river Rhine and the
Mekong, the Limpopo, the Jordan River, the
Euphrates or the Nile. But what the example of
the Rhine has taught us in Europe also applies
universally - Water can and should be a catalyst
for co-operation and peace.
Development Perspective
and German Assistance
It is important we keep in mind the regional
dimension of national water policies. National
water policies have an impact on the transboundary rivers and influence the water quality
and availability of water in the other riparian
countries. Inefficient irrigation, dams or
transfer schemes as well as untreated wastewater cause problems for riparian countries.
Germany puts a lot of emphasis on water sector
reforms, which recognise this regional
dimension.
We support the work of river commissions and
the building of confidence in various cases:
• We have had three Petersberg Conferences
in Germany now, bringing together politicians and senior experts from countries
along transboundary rivers and lakes. On a
request from the Nile-Basin-Countries, we
will host an informal high-level-conference in
Germany later this year, which will especially
address the Nile. We are also investigating,
how we can assist the Nile Basin Initiative in
the context of our development cooperation.
• We are also engaged in the Middle East
Region. I mention the Middle East Water
Study. We supported a trilateral team of
experts from Israel, Jordan and Palestine to
have a better picture with regard to water
116
availability in the region and to develop
forecasts and scenarios for the future.
• A new activity within the German development co-operation touches a region which
currently suffers from serious floods. We
want to assist the Limpopo countries to
establish an international river commission
comprising all riparians, working together
with the SADC-Water Sector Co-ordinating
Unit. We are providing 3.5 Million DM for
technical assistance. We consider a twinning
between a European river commission and
the Limpopo as a useful capacity building
component which should be included into
the project. In this regard we see the
twinning of river commissions, as a proposed
outcome of this conference, as an important
means to learn from each other.
Regional Ownership and
Donor Support
It is our common responsibility to find ways to
end water crises. We cannot waste more time.
The transboundary waters provide a basis for
co-operation, offering many win-win options,
which we should not miss. The responsibility
and the political challenge lies with the
countries along those transboundary rivers. We
can support regional measures to implement
the political will. Therefore I welcome this new
vision, and I quote from the Nile Vision “To
achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilisation of, and
the benefit from the common (Nile) basin water
resources”. In this regard I welcome the
bilateral and multilateral support to river and
lake commissions. Germany will be ready to
support these initiatives from the region.
Without the commitment from the region,
external support will not lead to sustainable
results.
Italy
It is important to state the key role of democratic and pacific management of water
resources. Most of the principles stated in the
various documents elaborated in the
framework of the Forum as well as the
concluding informal declaration can be shared;
the same principles have already been stated in
previous international declarations, even at
governmental level; an actual study and, most of
all, the implementation of these principles by
the individual countries will permit, in a
concrete and effective manner, the achievement
of the envisaged objectives to guarantee fresh
water at low cost with a water balance at river
basin level.
The actions set out in the Declaration of The
Hague reflect in a coherent and harmonised
way the programmes and strategies approved
not only by individual countries, but particularly
at a regional level. As far as Italy is concerned,
the essential aspect is represented by the
actions envisaged in the Mediterranean Basin.
In the framework of Euro-Mediterranean Partenariat, established in Barcelona in 1995, the
recent Ministerial Conference held in Turin, has
approved an Action Plan that will enable the
access to homogeneous information data - with
the aid of Meda Programme - and the implementation of important projects outlined by the 27
Partenariat countries - and considered by them
as a priority - to face the water crisis.
Italy is now coordinating the initiatives taken by
European Mediterranean countries to face the
problems relating to droughts and to desertification, for example on traditional knowledge,
towards the next Ministerial Conference in
Bonn. There is no doubt indeed that some
critical issues shall necessarily be included and
thus faced in the framework of UN Conventions (such as climate change and desertification) and of the co-operation to the
development and the debt conversion in the
environmental programmes.
Consciousness and development of the Culture
of Water is a priority aspect, with respect to any
strategy to be implemented, in order to solve
the issues relating to water shortages, water
quality and management. It is obvious that, in
the near future, the widest participation - to
implement projects - of all subjects interested
in that process must be requested, from institutions to local authorities, to companies, to
management organisations and most of all the
final user.
Italy has proposed to attach attention to the
issue relating to the peace process in the Middle
East: The actions to be implemented in the
Mediterranean Region and the Middle East will
meet the most effective aims only when equilibrium, necessary for a pacific and concrete cooperation, will be achieved in the area.
117
National Statements
The Italian Government appreciates and
acknowledges the enormous efforts that have
been made by the Dutch authorities in the
organisation, with the aid of relevant bodies, of
the Second World Water Forum.
Statement by H.E. Valerio Calzolaio, Vice-Minister of Environment
Towards water security in the 21st century
This document was prepared by the
Environment Agency
National Land Agency
Ministry of Health and Welfare
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Ministry of Construction
1
Key Concept: Securing the Sound
Hydrological Cycle in the Basin
Water is vital for human society, not to
mention for the whole biosphere on earth. As a
fundamental constituent of natural environment, water supports not only human life but
also all ecological systems. It is also an
important national resource, along with land
and forest.
Water receives the sun’s energy and evaporates, condenses as rain and snow and falls on
the ground, turns into underground water and
river flows, which eventually return to the sea.
In this cyclical process, we use water for daily
life, agriculture and manufacturing.
,
National Statements
Japan
Since our lifestyle is dependent on water, it is
significantly affected by flood, drought, water
pollution, decrease of flow in rivers, decrease in
ground water level, depletion of spring water
and degradation of aquatic environmental
features, comprehensive countermeasures are
being sought.
These phenomena can only be solved by coordinated efforts of organisations and citizens in the
well-balanced harmony between human activities and natural environment.
In this context, three basic directions are
important.
•
118
To put more emphasis on “watershed as an
entity” viewpoint
•
•
To clarify the physical structure of the
hydrological cycle and to share relevant
information
To promote active engagement of various
stakeholders in the basin.
The Government of Japan, in order to create a
society without water shortage, with abundant
water blessings of nature, is working towards
the promotion of comprehensive water
resources management measures based on the
establishment of the sound hydrological cycle
system which aims at securing water resources
that can support prosperous lifestyle, effective
use of water resources, appropriate use of
groundwater, risk management, flood control,
and proper reservoir area management.
Water is our common treasure, which we have
to hand over to the next generation.
We must preserve a sound hydrological cycle,
with keen awareness that we are fully responsible for protecting and optimising water use by
ourselves.
This approach, namely to build up sound hydrological cycle in basins, has just started in Japan
and requires deepened research in various
fields and intensive coordination among stakeholders for sustainable development in the 21st
century.
2
Important Aspects
2.1 Water and the Environment
2.1.1Securing Good Quality Water
Securing good quality water is one of the
most important challenges, not only in
meeting basic human needs but also in
making sustainable development possible
at all levels.
Lakes, marshes and rivers compose unique
ecosystems and are important as the
habitats of water birds and aquatic life.
However, ecosystems are under threat
from the deterioration of the hydrological
cycle resulting from many factors, including
man-made structures. The following are
examples of our efforts to protect ecosystems.
In order to preserve the quality of surface
water and groundwater, we have to
continue making every effort to reduce the
environmental burdens that are generated
at each stage of water utilisation. Further
regulations on proper wastewater disposal
will be promoted for factories and other
business enterprises. As for domestic
wastewater, improved sewage systems will
be promoted, and depending on the
location, rural sewerage facilities and/or
combined treatment septic tanks will be
encouraged.
•
In order to collect basic data regarding the
distribution of freshwater fish, we shall
promote measures for the installation and
improvement of fish ways, the assurance of
flow amounts necessary for environmental
conservation, the “creation of rivers richly
endowed with nature”, and the conservation of plant and animal life.
•
Developing countries are facing various
water problems including pathogens, heavy
metals, man-made toxic chemicals and
water salination. The government of Japan
•
We shall promote the compilation of basic
knowledge and information with a view to
preventing harmful effects of chemical
substances, agricultural chemicals, and
other pollutants on ecosystems.
We shall further increase public awareness
concerning the importance of wetlands.
We shall also promote more appropriate
means of conservation and management as
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National Statements
2.1.2 Protecting Ecosystems
According to surveys conducted by the
Environment Agency, the natural shoreline
of lakes and marshes has decreased rapidly
and 43% of lakes have been altered in some
way by humans. As for rivers, 27% of the
length of main rivers is comprised of artificial riverbanks.
In the past, Japan has experienced severe
environmental pollution. However, it has
been able to cope with this problem
through the strengthening of environmental policies. Almost everywhere in the
country, concentrations of toxic
substances, such as cadmium and cyanide,
have decreased markedly to levels that
satisfy environmental quality standards.
However, we still have problems such as
eutrophication in lakes, and face new challenges such as endocrine - disrupting
chemicals and pathogenic microbes.
Groundwater contaminated by
trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
nitrate and other substances is also an
issue which we have to tackle.
has made major efforts to support the
efforts of developing countries to address
such issues through financial and technical
assistance.We shall continue to promote
assistance to developing countries in the
manner we believe best suited to achieve
designated results.
Greater efforts and cooperation are
required by all countries to realise a world
in which safe and adequate water is accessible to all. In this regard, we recall the
decision on strategic approaches to fresh
water management, adopted at the Sixth
Session of the Commission on Sustainable
Development in 1998.
,
National Statements
well as the wise use of wetlands, which are
the habitats of animal and plant life,
including waterfowl, and of rivers, lakes,
marshes and swamplands representing
beautiful scenery, by designating them as
natural reserves, including such designations as protected forests, national parks
and wildlife protection areas.
2.2 Water for Basic Human Needs
and Social Activities
Access to adequate and safe drinking water is a
basic human need as vital for life and health and
all people have the right to it as agreed in the
Mar del Plata Action Programme and reaffirmed
at the Sixth Session of the Commission on
Sustainable Development. We have committed
ourselves to the objective of promoting access
for all people to safe drinking water and sanitation, especially for people living in poverty,
women and those belonging to vulnerable and
disadvantaged groups in the Istanbul Declaration and Habitat Agenda in 1996.
In Japan, water supply is one of the most
essential services managed by municipalities and
supported by the Government. Population
served by water supply systems has increased
to 96.3 percent of the total population as of
March 1999. The first modern system started to
supply potable water in 1887. However a
number of issues are yet to be resolved
including droughts and earthquakes, pollution
of water sources by hazardous chemicals and
pathogenic microorganisms, and an increasing
number of water quality accidents. In addition,
people demand better services and Japanese
contributions to tackle global environmental
problems in the light of Japan as a member of
the international community.
We have been working to improve water supply
systems and build a ‘water service of high
standards’ to deal with these issues based on
the ‘Long-term Goals for the Improvement of
120
Water Supply Facilities towards the 21st
Century (the Fresh Water Supply Plan)’ of June
1991. Also we are now in the process of
reviewing the current administrative systems to
manage water supply under three key concepts:
consideration of viewpoints of uses including
women, enhanced self-responsibility of all
stakeholders and promotion of sound water
cycle in the environment, all of which, we
believe, are essential for other countries in
reviewing their water supply systems. In order
to ensure a steady supply of water in compliance with urban development in Japan, we have
been promoting water resources development
such as constructions of dams, to cope with
water shortages which occur about once every
ten years. However, because of the delay of
water resources developments, drinking water
supply has not been able to catch up with
growing demand, and there are frequent
outbreaks of water shortages, mainly in large
urban areas.
With regard to the valuing of water, the prices
of drinking water supply are basically composed
of total costs for providing and water utilities
are operated by the financially self-supporting
principle in Japan. However small water supply
systems are usually managed within the general
accounting of municipalities because of their
vulnerable financial situation. In addition, we
have a governmental subsidy system for both
small water utilities and water resource development to reduce extreme high costs of water
and to ensuring access to safe and cheap
drinking water by all people. In the effort of
achieving sound water cycles in the environment and realising sustainable use of water, it is
important for water users to recognise the
value of safe and sufficient drinking water and to
make efforts to use water rationally and save
water. In particular, users of water should
recognise that treatment costs of effluents in
addition to the cost of water supply should be
considered to ensure conserving the integrity
Japan’s Initiatives for Sustainable Development
toward the 21st Century (ISD) call for further
development of water supply and sewerage
systems in developing countries and for efforts
that mitigate the impact of water pollution on
human health and living environments. They
also stress the importance of efficient and
sustainable utilisation and management of water
resources. As Mr. Koichi Yamamoto, State
Secretary for the Environment, mentioned at
the CSD6, Japan intends to continue to make
environmental ODA available to the extent that
it is possible to do so.
2.3 Water for Food Supply
2.3.1 Securing Food Supply
The East and South East Asian countries
including Japan, historically owe their
original development to paddy rice
farming’s central role in agriculture. Japan,
lying in the Asian monsoon region, is
blessed with high temperatures and sufficient rainfall in the summer. Paddy field
agriculture that needs abundant water has
historically supported the increasing popu-
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National Statements
We have made major efforts to support developing countries in addressing drinking water
issues through technical as well as financial
assistance. For example, we have conducted
international cooperation for transferring technologies, including training of engineers and
planning , construction and operation of facilities for water resource development, purification plants and water distribution networks.
We have assisted development of the residential environment including water supply and
sewerage in 31 countries in the world, mainly in
Asia taking into account not only advanced
technologies but also endogenous technologies
which are using local resource potential and are
considered to be sustainable.
lation and the progress of the economy and
the society under each cultural situation. In
this process, irrigation systems have been
cooperatively managed by village communities and the established participatory
managing system by farmers. And irrigation
water supply in Japan has been based on
the necessary water use for rural life; it is
used not only for irrigation but also for
washing agricultural products, preventing
fires, getting rid of accumulated snow from
streets, and protecting environment. So
paddy rice farming is not only securing a
stable food supply, but also fulfills ‘multifunctional values’ such as the conservation
of water resources and the natural environment, the formation of a good
landscape, and so on. Thus it is important
to secure necessary water for sustainable
agriculture, and it has been an important
political issue how to renovate irrigation
systems on time and suitably and how to
promote appropriate operation, management and maintenance systems.
of ecosystems and to manage water resources
in an integrated manner.
National Statements
As for the world food issues, it is
important to further increase the cropping
intensity of the cultivation area and to
enhance the productivity per unit of land.
We continue to promote international
cooperation (technological and financial
support) to increase agricultural productivity in both irrigated areas and rain-fed
areas.
Concerning the management system of
irrigation facilities, Japan has developed the
participatory managing system centralised
by farmers through the progress of paddy
rice farming. It will be an effective way to
transfer our country’s accumulated knowhow and techniques, and we are
contributing to extend our support in
establishing and promoting the Water
User’s Association.
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Thus, while taking into consideration the
action plan adopted in the ‘World Food
Summit’ held in 1996, we are extending
technological and financial cooperation
basically to support their self-reliant way in
view of the importance of strengthening
agricultural productivity in developing
countries. Moreover, we are also
extending our best possible support to
countries suffering starvation and food
shortage .
2.3.2 Valuing Water
Value of Water
It is important to manage water in a way
that takes fully into account its economic,
social, cultural and environmental values.
As these values vary among countries and
regions, depending on natural, social
conditions or historical backgrounds, it is
appropriate to examine by countries or
regions what values should be considered
in the context of cost recovery of water
services provision.
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In East Asia including Japan, for example,
paddy field agriculture, which takes most
water from rivers, contributes to formulating a basin-wide hydrological cycle
system by returning most of the water
used in the fields to the river or ground
aquifer.
For almost two thousand years Japan’s irrigation systems have been supporting
sustainable development of paddy field
agriculture without any environmental
problems such as salinisation or soil
erosion. Irrigation systems have been
providing wildlife habitats for water
species or rural landscapes through the
process of creating the semi-natural environment where human beings and nature
coexist. Thus, paddy field agriculture and
its irrigation systems provide various
benefits for, not only farmers, but also all
rural people.
Covering the full cost of
water services provision
Pursuing full cost recovery is important as
a way for promoting efficient and sustainable water resources development and
utilisation under the condition that all
users of water- those benefiting from
social, cultural or environmental valuesare included. If these values have good
public characteristics, governments may be
required to cover the costs associated
with providing those values on behalf of
beneficiaries.
While Japan generally supports full cost
recovery in this context, various measures
and approaches should also be examined by
taking into account different economic,
natural and social conditions in each country
and region, since full cost pricing might not
be the best strategy especially when it is
practically difficult to identify all values.
2.4 Integrated Water Resources
Management
2.4.1 Integrated River Basin Management
The dramatic population increase and
rapid urbanisation have raised vulnerability
to water disasters, with many countries of
the world still being afflicted by repeated
floods and droughts. The various
substances released as a result of human
activities are apt to worsen the water
quality of rivers and groundwater, causing
widespread concern about our health and
safety and threatening ecological systems.
Rivers provide a precious natural environment with us, however, they have lost
much of the values that are unique to the
river, the beauty and relaxing atmosphere
of the riparian environment.
In order to ensure prosperity, the safe and
comfortable lifestyle qualities essential for
human society, and assure our sustainable
development, it will be essential to achieve
Japan is one of the most hazardous
countries in the world and has suffered for
a long time from floods and droughts.
Historical efforts to mitigate water-related
disaster have reduced total areas
inundated or suffering water shortage.
However, the damage by both flood and
drought has hardly decreased, because
population and property have continued to
be concentrated in flood hazard areas and
several mega cities.
As Japan is located on islands, the size of
river basins in Japan is most favourable and
adequate to manage the hydrological cycle.
We understand the importance of the
‘river basin’ as unifying element to deal
with water problems. The River Law in
Japan already introduced the idea of the
‘River Basin’ in 1964 as the unifying
element of the ‘Fundamental River
Improvement Plan’.
To adopt effective measures against floods
and droughts, it is essential to establish
comprehensive flood management, water
supply and disaster prevention measures
and programmes taking into account with a
river basin.
In the drafting of programmes, efforts must
be made to aim for urban development
with a resistance to disasters by giving due
consideration to the preservation of
forests and greenery as an integral part of
the urban development plans, the intro-
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National Statements
Again, what is important for sustainable
water resource development and utilisation is to examine all possible measures
including water pricing, and identify the
best strategy that fits into local conditions.
As to full cost recovery, a practical
approach would be to encourage full cost
recovery for operation and maintenance
costs which is critically important but has
not been achieved in many countries.
a more balanced and more effective way of
managing our water from a more comprehensive perspective. To achieve this,
programmes and measures need to be
devised that take the diversity of the river
basin fully into account by adopting a
viewpoint that encompasses the river basin
as an integral unit.
Institutional approaches, for example,
would be an option. The management of
irrigation systems by farmers’ water associations in Japan shows remarkable performance for securing efficiency as well as
equity of agricultural water allocation.
Regulatory measures such as setting
minimum reference flow for rivers is also
useful to minimise environmental damage
that might be caused by excess water use.
National Statements
duction of restrictions on land use, the
establishment of appropriate water supply
and demand schedules for the river basin,
the development of effective water
resource management facilities, the
promotion of more streamlined water use
and the re-use of water, etc. It is also
necessary to heighten general awareness of
the need to save water, and the management of knowledge.
We are still making efforts to reduce the
damage by natural disasters and have to
continue them in Japan. At the same time,
we will be able to cooperate and
contribute by transferring our know-how
and technologies based on our experience
for mitigating water-related disaster
around the globe.
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2.4.2 Proper Wastewater Management
Varieties of water pollution by human
activities threaten human health, water
resources and ecology.(ex. photogenes ,
heavy metals, organics, chemicals and
nutrients ). That makes proper wastewater
management for each region one of the top
priorities. Risk management of microorganisms and trace substances is a fundamental technology for retaining the safety
of water and the sound water environment. Japan has conquered many serious
water pollution problems by rapid development of sewerage and sewage treatment
plants and restriction of industrial
discharge in ‘70 - ‘90. In many developing
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countries where mega cities emerge one
after another, financial and technical assistance for sewerage system and research
and development of cheap and practical
technology for sanitation are required
urgently. (Japan is assisting the Training
Center for Sewage Works in Thailand.)
Pollution from human activities can cause
crucial damage to ecosystems depending
on the water environment. Water quality
control by proper wastewater management protects ecosystems and contributes
to sound urban development. The
comprehensive collaboration system of
monitoring and restoring the water environment is essential for integrated water
quality control.
Especially in urban areas, any artificial
water cycle (water supply, wastewater
treatment and reuse) should be properly
built up and managed. Reuse of treated
wastewater creates an original water
resource for sustaining urban activities and
population growth.
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan has a diversity of natural climatic
conditions, irregular distribution of precipitation, and diversity of surface water resources.
The population of the country lives mostly in
more favorable climatic areas, as a rule, close to
water. Cities and villages are mostly situated in
floodplains or in river basins. In the estimation
of specialists, the very serious problem
regarding the water supply will arise in the
coming years due to the growth of economic
activity based on the exploration of rich
mineral, fuel, energy and land resources. The
issue of water use of transboundary rivers, their
divisions with neighbouring states on the principles of international rights and mutual cooperation is becoming very important for
Kazakhstan.
Our country has the smallest water consumption of Central Asian countries and geographically is situated in the downstream region of
all large transboundary watercourses Syr Darya, Ural, Ili, Talas and Shu as well as in
the middle section of Irtysh river. It is now
evident that water is becoming a serious
instrument in international relations with
neighbouring countries and is one of the factors
of economic security.
The joint use of Syr Darya, Shu, Talas rivers has
deep historical grounds. Agricultural irrigation
was practised in this region for a thousand
years. Water facilitated economic and cultural
development both in the oasis and beyond it, as
well as rich biodiversity.
A great number of institutional issues appeared
including one of the most significant - management of transboundary water resources after
the declaration of independence by states and
the transition from the centralised planned
economy to the market economy. For the regulation and use of transboundary watercourses
of Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers, especially in
the growing season, Interstate Agreement of
five Central Asian Republics on co-operation of
joint management of use and protection of
water resources form the transboundary
sources was signed in February 1992. According
to this agreement, Interstate Water Use Coordinating Committee was established. Executive
bodies were defined in its structure: basin
water utilisation units ‘Amu Darya’ and ‘Syr
Darya’. Owing to the efforts of the Committee
there was no case of blatant violation of the
agreement since it was signed. In 1993, the
Heads of State of the five republics located in
the Aral Sea Basin, established the International
Fund for Rescue of the Aral Sea. The Fund is
chaired by the Presidents of the concerned
states. Its working body is the Executive
Committee.
Notwithstanding that every country achieved
some development, established its own legislative basis and defined its priorities in economic
policy, the activity of these organisations is
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National Statements
Water was and is one of the valuable natural
resources for all the states of the Central Asian
region, which is connected to the quality of life
and the future of millions of people living in this
wonderful land. The resources of the surface
water of Kazakhstan is appraised annually at an
average 102 km3, 57 km3 of which are flows
from its own territory and 45 km3 of which
flows from neighbouring countries. We
consider only 46 km3 available for usage. The
rest can’t be used because of obligatory environmental and sanitary drawdowns in the
downstream territory of rivers and inevitable
losses from evaporation and filtration.
Policy Statement on Water Resources
National Statements
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sustainable and has gained more international
importance. As it is known from the world
practice, water distribution between independent states, especially in arid regions, is a
potential source of conflict. There are some
barriers to effective water distribution between
our countries. Although the states have made
progress in joint management of water
resources, signed a number of multilateral and
bilateral agreements, gained experience of
economic co-operation, centralisation tendencies have been intensifying for the last few
years. As to other issues, it is possible to arrive
at a prompt acceptable decision, but when it
concerns water, a lot of time will be spent on
the development and decision-making process.
This issue has developed from a technical into a
political one.
From our country’s point of view, we are
successfully solving the issues of transboundary
rivers at points which affect bilateral relations.
Recently, the agreement on ‘Joint exploitation
of water utilisation units on Shu and Talas
rivers’ was signed during a visit of the ViceMinister of Kyrgyz Republic. Two years were
spent on its preparation, which proved
successful. According to the provisions of the
Agreement, Zhambyl Oblast is able to prepare
its cropland for new crops, knowing that
irrigated lands will be provided with water from
neighbouring countries. Productive consultations have been initiated with a Chinese delegation on the Irtysh and Ili rivers. And we hope to
find acceptable agreements for all interested
parties. We have no problems concerning
transboundary watercourses with the Russian
Federation and relations between our states
are built on the following principles:
• Enhancement of a secure water supply with
design based calculated volume of consumption, most important public water supply
then industry, heat-and-power and fisheries;
potable water supply for the population and
facilities is priority in the distribution of
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water resources of transboundary watercourses;
• None of the parties must damage the other,
taking into account the complete problem;
• All the parties have equal rights for use of
water resources and more favorable natural
hydrological conditions in the headwaters
must not be an instrument to derive political
and economic benefits;
• Previously signed agreements and obligations
regulating joint use of transboundary water
resources, are acknowledged as operative.
Therefore, existing conditions of water
division have a legal basis, must not be
revised and must be adhered to.
The most serious problems for Kazakhstan are
of Syr Darya. World practice has many
examples of agreements between two or more
countries on joint use of transboundary rivers.
But we can not find any analogous situation to
this unique crossing of interests (often in
opposing directions) associated with the Syr
Darya. The river is formed by the junction of
Naryn and Karadarya rivers. From the intersection to the mouth in the Aral Sea, it has a length
of 2130 km. 170 km of which flows through
Kazakhstan territory and is the longest river in
the region. The river flows through the
territory of Kyrgystan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan,
Kazakhstan and is used intensively for economic
activities. For the purpose of long-term regulation of the water volume at 19,5 km3, the
Toktogulsky reservoir was constructed in the
Upper Naryn in the Kyrgyz Republic during the
Soviet period. Below the storage reservoir a
series of water power plants were constructed
which were designed to generate cheap electricity during water drawdowns from the
reservoir.
Energy producers distributed generated electricity in the growing season among themselves
as this volume of electricity exceeded the
demand of Kyrgystan itself. In exchange for the
received electricity, neighbouring countries
On average, it is necessary to have at least 10
km3 of annual water flow for our irrigated lands
in this region during the growing season. 5,2
km3 of its drainage volume is accumulated in
Shardarynks reservoir, which is regulated by
our neighbours, mostly in their interests.
Even some politicians of neighbouring countries
have tried to revise previous agreements,
making proposals on river water being the
property of one state, defining the level of
compensatory payments to Kyrgyz Republic
from the flooding of lands in Toktogyl
reservoir, etc. All this is taken painfully by
states located in the downstream territory of
the river; moreover, world practice has no
examples of river waters crossing several
countries where the river resources are the
property of one state.
Officials of diplomatic corps and specialists of
various sectors, with the involvement of foreign
The fact that without certain agreements and
coordination of countries’ legislative base it is
difficult to understand each other. We must be
grateful to OBCE and USAID. By their initiative,
round tables, workshops on possible solutions
to this serious problem have taken place. The
European Council has defined some development programmes, including UN special
programme for economies of Central Asia, in
the framework of which was hydro-energy
production and fuel resources of the regional
countries. The Executive Committee of the
Aral Rescue Fund became the initiator for
development of the GEF Programme that
envisages development of the concept on water
resources and saline management at the
national and regional levels of the Aral Sea
basin.
We admit that the attitudes to the Aral Sea
Rehabilitation Strategy have recently changed
and it needs to be revised. Experts and practical
specialists have come to the conclusion that it is
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National Statements
Now common principles of mutual relations on
the exchange of energy resources have been
preserved. However, there is no mutual solidarity any more for the economy of water
resources, the natural river regime was broken
on account of transfer from an irrigation to an
energy production regime. Economic interests
of Kyrgyz Republic to use the Syr Darya river
for the production of additional volume of electricity, especially in winter, result in major nonproductive water losses. Over 2,5 billion m3 of
water was discharged by Kyrgyz power
engineers, but during present autumn-winter
period it was discharged in the Arnasai basin,
thus it did not reach the Aral Sea because of the
limits of its flow over the frozen river bed
through the territory of Kazakhstan.
consultants, are looking for appropriate
approaches to the solution of this issue. So, the
Framework Agreement on use of water energy
resources of Syr Darya basin was signed
between the Governments of Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyz Republic and Uzbekistan on March 17,
1998.
Experts from our country, more than once,
advocated acceptance of the Convention on
Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (Helsinki 1992)
by Central Asian countries. According to international rights, it would allow for the creation
of mutual relations between the states on the
use of transboundary river waters and watercourses and for legal acknowledgement of Syr
Darya as a transboundary river. Various market
transformations in the countries of our region
and establishment of their own legislation on
issues of water resources use have created difficulties in search of compromise.
provided Kyrgystan with scarce energy
resources - coal, gas and fuel oil. The entire
mechanism was sustainably operated under the
condition of one state and one planned
economy.
National Statements
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impossible to rehabilitate the Aral sea to its
former size. The best result we can achieve in
this case is to slow down the speed of shrinkage
and to freeze it a sustainable level in the future.
Joint activities to reduce salinisation, to recover
wetlands and to increase the inflow of the river
water into the river deltas will be the most
critical measures.
external loans. The activities to continue rehabilitation of the current water supply systems in
the Aral and Kazaklinsk regions of the KyzylOrda Oblast will be continued. The possibility
to build a water reservoir that will accumulate
the excessive waters during autumn and winter
from the territory of the adjoining states, is
being considered.
Until 1960 the Aral Sea had been the fourth
largest sea-lake in the world. However, due to
intensive use of water for irrigation, long arid
periods, the sea level dropped 17 meters. Its
surface area has been cut in half and its salinisation increased threefold. Drying of the sea
resulted in destabilisation of the ecosystem of
the sea and river deltas and the salt from the
bare sea bottom has been carried long
distances. As a result, the once favourable
region became a region of environmental and
economic catastrophe.
The problem of the water supply in our republic
is becoming more and more critical every year.
In this respect, we think it is a critical time to fix
regulation at the international level, proclaiming
that not a single state can have the right to own
transboundary rivers. The right for use of
waters of transboundary rivers should be
limited and such decisions should be made on
the basis of international agreements. We call
for all the states of the Central Asia to accede
to the Convention on Use and Protection of
Transboundary Watercourses and International
Lakes, opened in Helsinki in 1992.
The fall of the Aral Sea water level by 1989
resulted in separation of its northern area of
water from the southern one. The Maloye
(Northern) Sea that appeared as a result is
three meters higher than the Bolshoye Sea, the
incoming Syr Darya water flows along the
narrow channel from the smaller area into the
big one. The neighbouring countries supported
Kazakhstan’s idea to dam and raise the level of
the Northern Sea (it covers the Kazakhstan
part of the Aral Sea) up to the original level
adding the inflow from the Syr Darya. Creation
of an artificial spillway makes it possible for the
excessive water from the Maloye Sea to flow
freely into the water of the Bolshoye Sea.
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection has been attentive to international collaboration in the region. Thus, the
implementation of the project to regulate the
river bed of the Syr Darya and the Northern
Aral will be launched this year at the expense of
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Macedonia
National Presentation to the Ministerial Conference of the Second World Water
Forum, by H.E. Marjan Gorcev, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water
Economy in the Government of the Republic of Macedonia
The Republic of Macedonia is located in the
central part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is mostly
mountainous but also with large valleys through
which our rivers flow, creating our four river
basins. The famous poet Homer in the ‘Iliad’
extolled our biggest River Basin Vardar as
“wide floating Askij and divine river”. Today the
Vardar River Basin covers 80% of the territory
of the Republic of Macedonia. It is generally
accepted that, on the territory of Macedonia,
together with Trakia and Greece, the first agricultural civilisation in Europe was founded 8000
years ago.
Today, the Republic of Macedonia covers
25,713 km2 and has 2 million inhabitants. Its full
independence, through referendum was voted
on September 8, 1991. Our state established a
parliamentary democracy, a market oriented
economy and has aspiration for membership in
EC and NATO. We actively work on the
support of the ‘Pact for Stability’ and as it is
generally known, we give important political,
material and moral support to the alliance of
the European structures in the nightmare
named Kosovo. We will continue with such
activities though we are a small and poor
country.
Sadly, we are witnessing the unseen destruction
of nature and the natural flows made by irresponsible business people, political cliques and
other social systems. The land, water and air
are globally fixed natural resources, on their
base the world develops animals, plants and
mankind.
The merciless exploitation of the concerned
resources because of the rising population,
industrial development, the increased needs for
space and water as well as agriculture, traffic,
energy, industrial and other systems, reduce
the natural space, creating a new category in
nature: ‘artificial landscape’. This metamorphosis causes enormous pollution drastically
lowering life quality. The human instinct for
survival wakes and protests.
If water has ever been treated as worthless, it is
not the case any more. Natural water resources
are declining. Many are useless because of
increased pollution, and the need for pure
water increases permanently. Nowadays a
generally accepted understanding is that water
is a limited natural resource which should be
utilised economically, specially because the
disproportion between the need for water and
its availability. This endangers production and in
other words, normal life. The Economic
Commission for Europe asserts that the population can use only 1% of the total water
resources on the planet, and even that small
percent is exposed to all kinds of pollution. This
results in the conclusion that the value of water
will increase constantly because the water
resource is constant but demand is growing.
The transition in the political, legal and
economic structure of the Republic of
Macedonia is in dynamic harmonisation with the
economic and legal system of the European
Union, changing the whole former philosophy
of the state and its economic system.
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National Statements
I am highly honoured with the opportunity to
represent my country, the Republic of
Macedonia, at this magnificent Second World
Water Forum and Ministerial Conference.
National Statements
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There are lots of issues that should be solved in
a new way. The situation is the same in the
sphere of the water resources of our Republic.
It is not possible to give a satisfactory answer
immediately, but it will be done phase by phase,
soon as possible. The problems connected with
water are problems tightly connected with the
stability and development of the state. They
express the whole human and economic
condition.
Our current priority is the realisation of the
projects connected to the new State Water
Economy Base in GIS technology, with technical
assistance of the German Government.
Germany has also approved grants for the rehabilitation of a few big hydro and land reclamation systems. A contract for donation intended
for reconstruction of the water systems of six
big cities has also been signed between
Germany and the Republic of Macedonia.
The water system of the Republic of Macedonia
is managed by 9,000 people. They provide
water for 100,000 farmers, for all the towns and
industries. They run a huge and valuable basic
resource, bigger than in many other economic
sectors.
In recent years we have also had bilateral
meetings and contracts with the Dutch Government. Their grants, donations and guarantees
enable us to get credits from the European
creditors and to solve many of the urgent
water problems.
I am deeply convinced that the government of
the Republic of Macedonia will incorporate all
postulates of the The Hague Declaration for
Water Security in the 21st Century and the
world scenario on water in its own national
water policy. Our visions and actions
concerning the water resources for the next 20
years will be published in a booklet during the
current year paying special attention to the
social and political implications of the water
resources planning.
The people of Macedonia will never forget the
assistance of the governments of The Netherlands, Germany and Japan, received in the most
critical years of the existence of our young
country.
The logistic support to our scenarios for
sustainable development of water will be based
primarily on profitable water exploitation, our
national budget, projects credited by the World
Bank and the European Bank for Development
and Reconstruction, other commercial credits
and UN donations. The priorities of national
water policy are: pure drinking water, the food
industry, rural development, agriculture, water
economy, mineral and tamale water, management, a biological minimum standard for nature
as well as protection from erosion and flood
damage.
I also would like to inform this World Forum
that we will be incorporating the interests of
our neighbours into our own national interests
concerning water. But we will also expect the
same in reverse. In the next 2-3 years, we will
initiate a huge action to clean the water of our
rivers and lakes (through which state borders
pass).
On this occasion, I would like to express the
gratitude of the people and the Government of
the Republic of Macedonia to the numerous
states and their governments, NGOs and individuals that have helped Macedonian waters.
The Republic of Macedonia is proud of its pure
lakes surrounded with wonderful virgin landscapes.
The Ohrid Lake has 51 billion m3 water; 30 km
length; 15 km width; max. depth 269,8 m. The
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The Prespa Lake (4,8 billion m3 water, max.
depth 56 m) is shared between the Republic of
Macedonia (197 km2), Republic of Greece (82
km2) and Republic of Albania (48 km2).
Recently, the prime ministers of the governments of these three states met in a small place
on the coast of Prespa Lake and agreed activities to preserve the natural values of this
wonderful lake. This was the first meeting
between three Balkan countries in which Heads
of Government gathered to do something good
for this lake.
The Republic of Macedonia pays special
attention to the ecological systems of these
three lakes. They also have recreational and
international touristic importance because of
the many high category tourist facilities on their
coasts.
All our natural lakes have convenient infrastructure, telecommunications and there is an
airport in Ohrid. There are also waste water
collectors including water treatment stations
(except the Prespa Lake whose water
treatment station is under construction). These
measures are expensive for a small state, but
we are making huge efforts to realise them.
The Dojran Lake, famous for its healing water,
borders the Republic of Greece. It is a small
lake with specific flora and fauna. It seems that
there is a need for water from the Greek
natural water basin, as it has been through
centuries, as otherwise it will be condemned to
dry up. Our side is taking urgent operative
measures to direct all water from the periphery
of our part of its coast towards the lake. There
are some current negotiations between the
local authorities from both sides of the border.
We count on co-operation with the competent
Greek authorities to protect this wealth of
Europe from disappearing.
In our view we have a right to expect the purity
of these natural lakes to be a preoccupation and
duty of the governments of Greece and Albania.
They have already expressed their interest. The
Macedonian lakes as geographic reality have
always been pearls of the Balkans.
The Hague March 22 , 2000
The cooperation concerning the ‘border river
and lake water’ between the Republic of
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National Statements
Macedonia, Republic of Greece and Republic of
Albania is under development, and the Republic
of Bulgaria is also interested to participate in
this co-operation.
town of Ohrid with its cultural inheritance is
under UNESCO protection. A part of the
Macedonian - Albanian border passes through
this lake.
National Statements
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Maldives
Statement to the Ministerial Conference on Water Security
Country Background
The Republic of Maldives is a small island state
in the Indian Ocean consisting of 1,200 coral
islands. These islands form a chain of atolls of
which 26 stretch along a distance of 820 km
from North to South. The equator passes
through the southern regions of the country.
The average annual rainfall is about 2000mm.
The equatorial monsoon brings adequate
rainfall in the Southwest, whilst the Northeast
is dry and receives little rainfall.
Traditional Water Resources
Groundwater - In almost all the islands, limited
supply of fresh water is found. Traditionally
people of the Maldives have based their lives on
groundwater. Due to the increase of population
and changing lifestyle on many islands the
demand on fresh water has put enormous
pressure on the thin water aquifers. As a consequence of over-extraction, much water has
turned salty and brackish. In Male, the capital
city with a population of 75,000 in an area of 2
km2, the ground water got progressively
depleted due to over-extraction. The water
extracted is now salty and brackish making it
unsuitable for human consumption or other
use. The aquifers of many islands have also been
contaminated from the traditional sanitary
practices and seepage from septic tanks. As this
has been the cause of outbreaks of epidemics of
waterborne diseases, communities in these
islands have become aware of the need for
reliable safe drinking water for their well being
and to their survival.
Rainwater - As a result, the community chose
rainwater as an alternative water resource and
rainwater harvesting became a widely spread
practice. In the early 1980s, with assistance of
UNICEF, the government successfully
132
completed a programme for installation of roof
catchments and collection systems in many
inhabited islands. However, due to the rapid
increase in the demand for fresh water, it is
becoming difficult to meet this demand by
increasing the storage capacity for rainwater.
Similarly, the current seasonal variability of
rainfall needs huge storage to meet demand in
the dry season. Increasing the storage to meet
the demand has been restricted due to high
investment costs.
In a recent study, high levels of air pollution
were found in the air masses which circulate on
the Maldives. Since the economic activity in the
Maldives does not emit significant amounts of
such pollutants, the transboundary movement
of air has caused the movement of such pollutants from neighboring countries. This finding
has created concern regarding the safety of the
rainwater, harvested around the country.
Desalination the Emerging Water Resource
The concerns of air pollutants that have been
raised, make production of fresh water by
desalination more favourable than rainwater
harvesting. Desalination has been utilised in
Male to provide adequate safe drinking water to
residents. But it is an energy-intensive process.
In 1995, Maldives Water and Sewerage
Company, a joint venture with a private Danish
company, was established to provide a reliable
supply of fresh water to residents of Male at
reasonable cost. The company has the capacity
to provide adequate supply of desalinated
water, which is affordable for the purpose of
drinking and cooking. However, the current
pricing of desalinated water is not affordable for
other purposes. Desalination has been widely
used in the tourist resorts and industries for
Challenges Associated with Desalination
Integrated Water Resources
Management
Treating water as a scarce resource and
managing it accordingly will ensure adequate
water to meet the individual’s basic need. The
geographic isolation of islands and limited
available capacity for the storage of harvested
rainwater are challenges for integrated water
resource management in the Maldives. An
effective integrated water resources management using traditional and emerging water
resources will ensure pricing of water at a
cheaper rate. This will help to keep the water
supply systems both affordable and sustainable.
Institutional arrangements
Presently, Maldives Water and Sewage
Company (MWSC) is responsible for the
production and distribution of desalinated
water in Male. The Maldives Water and
Sewerage Authority (MWSA) has a regulatory
role over the MWSC and the monitoring of the
133
National Statements
The islands in the Maldives are geographically
separated, with the population densities of the
inhabited islands quite low. These factors
restrict the building of large desalination facilities to make the production of fresh water
cheap. Hence huge investments are needed to
provide desalination plants in every inhabited
island and the operating cost associated with
such arrangement would need to be recovered.
Some of the inhabited islands in the Maldives
have very small populations, which would not
allow for the benefits of scale economies to be
achieved. It is also a challenge for a small island
state like the Maldives to find appropriate
desalination technologies, which could produce
safe and potable water at an affordable price.
water quality in the Maldives. Due to the limited
available resources and trained technical
personnel at MWSA it has been difficult to
carry out the mandate of monitoring water
quality throughout the country. However, with
the increasing demand for water institutional
arrangements need to be optimised for better
water resource management. Since desalination
would play a vital role in the water supply,
protection of the waters around the islands
would become an important part in the management process. Additionally, the role of the
private sector needs to be clearly defined to
allow for investment in the provision of this
vital resource.
the production of high quality fresh water. The
process is highly reliable and hence it is
preferred in economic activities.
National Statements
,
Mali
Déclaration Nationale de la Ministère des Mines, de l’Energie et de l’Eau de la
République de Mali
C’est pour moi un réel plaisir et un devoir que
de prendre la parole devant cette auguste
assemblée, pour parler d’une ressource
combien vitale pour un pays comme la
République du Mali.
Pays sahélien enclavé, le Mali a une superficie de
1.220.040 km2 avec une population estimée à
10.000.000 d’Habitants. Le pays possède des
ressources en eau considérables, et un
potentiel de terres irrigables pour pourvoir aux
besoins de son développement socioéconomique à long terme. Les eaux de surface
représentent en moyenne 56,5 milliards de
m3/an et les eaux souterraines renouvelables en
moyenne 66,6 milliards de m3/an. Le pays est
traversé par deux grands cours d’eau : le fleuve
Niger dont le delta intérieur permet théoriquement des manénagements de périmètres
irrigués sur 1 million d’hectares (actuellement
60.000 ha sont aménagés) et, le fleuve Sénégal.
Si les ressources en eau sont disponibles en
quantité et en qualité satisfaisantes, elles sont
inégalement réparties et difficilement accessibles.
En milieu rural, le déficit à combler pour la
satisfaction totale des besoins à l’horizon 2001
est de:
• 40% pour desservir l’ensemble de la population;
• 45% pour équiper la totalité des villages et
fractions du pays.
Ceci représente environ 3,5 millions de
personnes et 6.000 villages dépourvus de points
d’eau modernes.
En milieu urbain et semi-urbain, le déficit à
couvrir est de 49%. Environ 700 localités (de
2.000 à 10.000 habitants) doivent être dotées
de systèmes adéquats d’adduction d’eau. Par
134
ailleurs, seulement 6% de la population
malienne bénéficient d’un système adéquat
d’évacuation des eaux usées.
Pour atteindre en 2001, l’objectif d’autosuffisance alimentaire, il faut aménager
182.000 hectares et réhabiliter 18.000 hectares.
Il faudrait 170.000 m3/jour pour couvrir les
besoins du cheptel.
Depuis des décennies, le Mali est confronté à
d’énormes problèmes liés à la gestion des
ressources en eau : pénuries d’eau, pollution,
inondations, concurrence des usages de l’eau,
ensablement des cours d’eau, envahissement
des lits des cours d’eau par les plantes aquatiques, dégradation des berges et des têtes de
bassin, etc.
Malgré les efforts consentis pour y remédier,
force est de constater la dégradation continue
des ressources tant quantitativement que qualitativement. Les causes sont multiples. On peut
citer entre autres :
• La croissance démographique et économique
entraînant un accroissement de la demande
en eau des différents utilisateurs (domestique, agricole, énergétique, industriel,
minier, etc.);
• L’exploitation anarchique non contrôlée des
ressources naturelles;
• L’évolution climatique défavorable entraînant
des déficits d’écoulement;
• L’inadéquation des cadres institutionnels,
législatifs et réglementaires occasionnant une
gestion fragmentaire et sectorielle des
problèmes de l’eau, le chevauchement des
attributions, la duplication des actions, la
dispersion des énergies, la mauvaise coordination entre les différents acteurs intervenant dans le secteur de l’eau;
Dans le but de lever ces contraintes le
Gouvernement a opté pour la définition d’un
Plan d’Action National de Gestion Intégrée des
Ressources en eau.
Ce travail commencera par faire « un état des
lieux », car d’importants outils de planification
et d’analyse ont été déjà élaborés. Il s’agit de :
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
La Lettre de Politique Sectorielle de l’électricité et de l’eau potable;
La Loi portant Organisation du service public
de l’eau potable;
La Stratégie Nationale de Développement de
l’Irrigation (SNDI);
La Politique Nationale de l’Eau;
Le Code de l’Eau et ses textes d’application;
et
La Stratégie Nationale de Développement de
l’Alimentation en Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement en milieu rural et semi urbain.
Par ailleurs, les résultats de « l’Etude Nationale
Prospective, Mali 2025 » sont également
disponibles depuis janvier 1999.
Sur la base de ces différents outils et en tenant
compte des facteurs les plus pertinents pour la
gestion durable des ressources en eau des
scénarios possibles du développement du
secteur de l’eau à l’horizon 2025 ont été définis
au plan national en janvier 2000. L’objectif
principal de la vision nationale pour l’an 2025
sera d’assurer 80% des besoins en eau potable
des populations, de l’agriculture et des industries et cela de façon durable et irréversible.
Ceci est une condition indispensable pour lutter
contre la pauvreté à travers la satisfaction des
besoins essentiels de base : l’eau potable, l’autosuffisance alimentaire, la santé et l’hygiène.
135
National Statements
Au Mali, comme partout dans la sous-région,
l’eau est sur le chemin critique du développement socio-économique. Une faible maîtrise de
sa mobilisation, de sa gestion et de sa protection, conjuguée aux aléas du climat, pourrait
compte tenu de la progression très rapide des
besoins de base des populations, entraîner à
terme des conséquences graves.
A l’opposé une exploitation maîtrisée de l’eau
peut générer des revenus monétaires et une
production alimentaire en milieu rural, structurer la société par de nouveaux principes de
gouvernance et de transparence, et finalement
contribuer de façon décisive au développement
durable, en milieu rural comme en milieu urbain
et sécuriser les équilibres fondamentaux de
nombreux secteurs.
La problématique de l’Eau oblige à une réflexion
du développement intégrant les niveaux locaux,
régionaux, nationaux et, même sous-régionaux
pour l’AEP, l’Irrigation, l’Energie et les Industries, notamment minières.
• La non application des textes législatifs et
réglementaires;
• La perte de vue par les décideurs de l’importance et de l’impact de la crise globale de
l’eau entraînant la mise en second plan du
secteur de l’Eau;
• L’insuffisance des connaissances sur la
disponibilité, la qualité et l’utilisation de l’eau
par secteur;
• L’insuffisance des capacités humaines et des
ressources financières mises à la disposition
du secteur pour le suivi et la protection des
ressources en eau;
• L’insuffisance de promotion d’un véritable
secteur privé local et d’un système de crédit
efficace pour la réalisation des équipements
hydrauliques;
• L’insuffisance et même parfois l’absence de
responsabilisation, donc de participation des
populations bénéficiaires à la mise en oeuvre
des projects;
• Le coût élevé des ouvrages et équipements
hydrauliques et la disparité des modalités de
financement de la participation des bénéficiares.
National Statements
,
Dans le but de rendre tout cela irréversible, des
dispositions idoines doivent être prises au
cours de la même période, à savoir :
• Le renforcement des capacités dans le
secteur de l’eau par la promotion du professionnalisme à travers le développement des
métiers de l’eau;
• La gestion intégrée et écologiquement
rationnelle des ressources en eau;
• La connaissance parfaite des potentialités et
caractéristiques de la ressource en eau;
• L’adoption d’un cadre législatif et réglementaire cohérent et efficace;
• L’exercice réel de la maîtrise d’ouvrage du
secteur de l’eau par les collectivités décentralisées;
• L’appropriation par tous les acteurs du
concept de l’eau comme « bien économique
et social. »
Les défis à relever sont importants. Aussi, le
Gouvernement de la République du Mali lance
un appel à nos partenaires au développement
pour qu’ils nous assistent dans la mise en
oeuvre de la Vision Nationale de l’eau pour l’an
2025.
Pour le Ministre p.o.
Le chef de Délégation
Malick Alhousseini
Malta
Statement by H.E. dr Francis Zammit Dimech, Minister for the Environment
It is not surprising that the attention and
concern of a World Water Forum should be
focused on fresh water, but it is equally to be
expected that a representative of Malta would
wish to devote the first words of his contribution to the debate on the importance of not
forgetting and not underestimating sea water.
Indeed, I expect that to many of you the name
of Malta evokes our initiation of the great saga
of the Law of the Sea. Admittedly, we proposed
that the concept of the Common Heritage of
Mankind be applied only to ocean space beyond
the limits of national jurisdiction. But the new
approach to the sea which we proposed also
served to highlight the importance of the sealand interface, the coastal zone, which can be
defined as the area where freshwater and
seawater systems interact.
Moreover, the more important aspect of our
proposal was to bring to bear on world development issues the different outlook which is
136
inevitably brought about by shifting from a landbased to a sea-centred point of view. Inevitably,
one is forced to shift from short to long term
thinking, from fragmented and sectoral to
holistic and integrated approaches. Such
approaches are bound to have a beneficial effect
on attitudes to world water problems in
general.
Undoubtedly, coastal areas are among the most
decisive battlegrounds on which the fortunes of
future generations are at present being fought.
In this context, Malta is an island of a size that
compels us to regard it as totally a coastal zone.
Hence, the main experiences which we have
learnt from and which may be of some interest
to others are related to the interface between
sea and fresh water.
Until some time ago the importance for each
other of the two kinds of water - the salty and
fresh - was hardly given due recognition. The
divisions within such United Nations institu-
An Old Problem
Moreover, the influx of tourists is certainly not
the first or only phenomenon to provoke a
critical shake-up of the seawater/freshwater
cost-benefit account. Long before the ‘golden
hordes’ discovered our island, the fresh water
supply problem reared its ugly head for the first
time with the arrival of the sea-faring knights of
St. John around the middle of the 16th century.
The attractions of the salty waters surrounding
our island to these last generations of the
medieval European chivalrous class lay in the
rich opportunities for profitable corsairing
The Knights, however, did not only inflate
demand for water by provoking demographic
growth on land, as well as needing it plentifully
to provide for their fleet of galleys at sea. They
also established a very sophisticated infrastructure for water collection and distribution. They
built aqueducts and filtering chambers modelled
on the Roman System. They gathered together
the waters from a number of springs from the
perched water aquifer and conducted them to
the cities and port areas, to supply many
fountains and water troughs. Happily they
avoided the use of lead piping and its associated
problems.
I have indulged in this brief foray into sixteenth
and seventeenth century history, because it
underlines how long felt is the need and
productive the possibility of water management, as well as the ancient and complex interrelationship between sea and fresh water. To
underline the need of integrated seawater and
freshwater management especially in islands
and coastal zones is indeed the first point that I
wished to make. Of course, today it requires
more highly and scientifically trained professional and technical staff, but even today, in
water resource project planning, simple designs
still prove the best.
Often what is needed is the adaptation to local
conditions of techniques which have already
proved successful elsewhere. In this respect,
Malta is actually in a position to help other Small
Islands Developing States (SIDS) because of its
centuries old but constantly technologically
updated experience, and we would be happy to
put this experience at the disposal of anyone
who may want to reap some advantage from it.
There are, in fact, four main dimensions of our
experience in meeting ever increasing demand
137
National Statements
A very clear instance of a phenomenon which
puts into high relief the need for such integrated management because of significant
cross-influences is tourism. For many islands,
tourism is of course the main support of the
economy. The tourists often come to our and
other island shores primarily to enjoy the
luxury of bathing in seawater but the problematic result is an increased scale of demand for
fresh water. The rise in demand is understandably not proportionate to the number of
tourists in respect of permanent residents. (In
Malta the ratio of visitors per year to the local
population is roughly three to one). It is also
related to the habits and exigencies of people
who come mostly from countries where water
is not, or not considered to be, a scarce
resource.
which was the only still viable version of
crusading at that time.
tions as the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), or even the
World Bank and the Global Environment
Facility prevented it. Recently, however, all the
four international bodies I have mentioned have
taken steps to re-organise themselves internally
in order to foster the integration of management of both the coastal sea and other coastal
water resources - including not only rivers and
canals but also natural aquifers and sewerage.
National Statements
,
pressures on the supply of fresh water. The first
is the use of appropriate resource assessment
techniques and computerised model-building as
a development and management tool that I have
already been referring to. The second, third and
fourth dimensions also arise out of the same
awareness of the crucial importance for islands
and coastal zones of the seawater/freshwater
interface.
on the running of our very large reverse
osmosis desalination plants. Such plants are in
some way significantly contributing to our
greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, our
great desire at the moment would be to find
viable ways of operating our desalination plants
with clean, alternative energy. To fulfil other
desire we would of course appreciate international support and co-operation.
The first reaction in Malta to the ever increasing
demand pressures on water not only because of
the tourist influx, but also because of industrialisation and changing styles of life of the local
population, in the mid-seventies, was to
maximise the exploitation of the aquifer. This,
coupled with the nature of the terrain, created
the risk of our drinking water deteriorating to
below WHO approved standards. Even the
merest whiff of suspicion of that eventuality had
immediately menaced our main economic
lifeline : tourism. The fear of inadequate freshwater can easily outbalance the attractions of
immersion in warm seawater. Since then, we
have developed to state-of-the-art conditions
our monitoring systems and we are perfecting
the techniques of replenishing our endangered
aquifer.
Evidently, we are favoured by the sun as well as
by the sea, but the value of space and the beauty
of landscape are prohibitive factors against the
use of current methods of harnessing solar
energy. Once again, our diagnostic eyes are
turning to the sea - to its providing the space
over which reflecting panels can float; and to
the energy that could be generated from waves,
currents and thermic differences. In our opinion
this World Water Forum should give a greater
impetus to the research which would enable the
sea itself to provide the energy with which to
convert more of it from salinity to freshness.
The second reaction was to turn to the salt sea
for salvation. Desalination through reverse
osmosis plants today meets about half of our
fresh water needs. Evidently, in our thirty years
experience of utilising desalination techniques
to such a large extent, our scientists and
engineers have learnt a lot about the working
and management of such systems. Once again
Malta offers this knowledge resource to others
in the same spirit in which we proposed the
concept of the common heritage of mankind to
the global community.
Desalination, of course, has its negative sides,
both financial and environmental. More than
eight per cent of our national fuel bill is spent
138
The fourth dimension is the sewerage system by
which the clean water piped into built up areas
is piped out in polluted form. Soon, by 2005,
this kind of dirtying of the seawater in some
places, when its cleanliness in others is one of
our and many an island’s major assets, will come
to an end. The construction of sewage
treatment plants will ensure that all our waste
water will undergo treatment which will make it
useable for industrial and irrigation purposes.
I would like to conclude my intervention with a
remark about popular water awareness. In his
famous 1984 essay, “H2O and the Waters of
Forgetfulness,” Ivan Illich had opined, in his
characteristically paradoxical, insightful but
radically perverse way, that industrial society
has made it next to impossible for the children
of our cities to perceive water with the same
sense of its loveliness as their ancestors could,
let us say, in the Malta of the Knights, when they
Morocco
Allocution de S.E. Bouamor Taghouan, le Ministre de l’Equipement du
Royaume du Maroc (French version)
L’eau a toujours joué un rôle fondamental dans
le développement économique et social du
Maroc. Cette ressource, rare dans la majeure
partie du territoire, a, par ailleurs des
contraintes de mobilisation dues à l’irrégularité
dans l’espace et dans le temps, à l’intense
érosion qui menace ses ouvrages hydrauliques
et depuis les deux dernières décennies, à l’augmentation de la pollution.
Même avec ces contraintes, auxquelles
s’ajoutent les difficultés de financement, le
Maroc a mené une politique de l’eau qui
sécurise l’alimentation en eau potable de ses
villes et permet de développer l’agriculture
irriguée même pendant les périodes de sécheresse comme celles qui ont affecté notre pays
pendant les deux dernières décennies.
Très tôt, le Maroc a compris que le développement de son économie doit se baser sur la
139
National Statements
I believe, however, that he is wrong in believing
that there is an incompatibility between the still
“unfinished project of modernity” and the
poetry of water. Just as the projected exploitation of the resources of the seabed in the new
Law of the Sea has served not to disenchant the
ocean, but rather to rekindle the imagination of
all kinds of artists in its regard, so too I believe
the most utilitarian approach to water
resources is capable of being enhanced by (and
of itself enhancing) the loveliness and the
lovableness of water, which is as rich in
symbolic power as in economic, as life-giving in
a spiritual as well as physical sense.
placed at each point where it became accessible
an appropriate fountain, with sculptured
nymphs and dolphins narrating a unique myth,
corresponding to the citizens’ archetypal
dreams. Illich wrote “H2O is not water in this
sense. H2O is a liquid that has been stripped of
both its cosmic meaning and of its genius loci.”
National Statements
,
construction de barrages pour mobiliser l’eau
nécessaire pour l’alimentation en eau potable,
pour les besoins des industries et pour l’irrigation de cultures vivrières en vue d’assurer la
sécurité alimentaire du pays. Une centaine de
barrages dont la quasi-totalité ont été
construits pendant les trente dernières années,
constituent l’infrastructure hydraulique du
Maroc.
Par ailleurs, cet effort de construction de
barrages a été accompagné par celui de la planification qui a permis d’élaborer des plans
directeurs de tous les bassins hydrauliques,
fixant les stratégies de développement des
ressources en eau pour les trente prochaines
années.
L’aspect institutionnel de la gestion des
ressources en eau a également été parmi les
préoccupations majeures des responsables du
secteur de l’eau : une loi sur l’eau a été promulguée - il y a quatre ans, qui a instauré des bases
modernes de gestion des ressources en eau
dont la création des agences de bassins.
Malgré ces résultats probants, des difficultés
importantes subsistent :
• d’abord, l’évolution démographique limitera
de plus en plus les ressources en eau
disponibles par habitant : dans les 20
prochaines années, avec une dotation de 500
m3/habitant/an, le Maroc sera placé dans une
situation de pénurie;
• les ressources en eau seront de plus en plus
menacées par la pollution générée par les
centres urbains, par une industrie en plein
développement, et par l’usage de plus en plus
intensif des engrais et des pesticides utilisés
pour obtenir de meilleurs rendements
agricoles;
• l’érosion des sols, déjà très forte de par la
nature géologique des bassins versants, est
accentuée par la déforestation et par les
pratiques agricoles inappropriées;
• les phénomènes extrêmes qui se manifestent
140
par de très longues périodes de sécheresse,
ou par des crues brutales, commencent à
constituer des difficultés majeures pour la
gestion des ressources en eau;
• la rareté de l’eau continuera à exacerber les
relations entre les usagers;
• enfin, une des difficultés, et non des
moindres, est celle liée à la limitation des
possibilités financières pour assurer le
développement des ressources en eau.
Ce sont là autant de contraintes partagées par
de nombreux pays du globe qui nous convainquent aujourd’hui plus qu’avant de l’ampleur
des défis qu’il nous reste à affronter avec
l’inéluctable accroissement de la demande dans
un contexte hydrologique irrégulier et fragile.
Il y a trois ans, le Maroc abrita le premier Forum
Mondial de l’Eau, faisant preuve de la priorité
qu’il accorde à la question de l’eau et de son
attachement au développement de la coopération internationale dans ce domaine vital.
Ce souci du Maroc visant à renforcer la
coopération mondiale sur le sujet relève du
simple constat que de nombreux problèmes
liés à l’eau ne peuvent trouver leurs solutions
que dans la mondialisation de cette question
par la concertation, l’échange des expériences et la mobilisation de l’aide bilatérale et
multilatérale.
Nous sommes heureux aujourd’hui de voir, à
travers la vision mondiale de l’eau, se concrétiser un long processus de réflexion depuis la
déclaration de Marrakech.
Par la noblesse de son objectif visant la sécurisation de l’approvisionnement des populations
en eau saine, cette vision et les plans d’action
qui en découlent, feront de l’eau un terrain,
nous l’espérons, exemplaire de coopération et
de la solidarité entre les nations à l’aube de ce
21ème siècle.
Oman
Apart from spate flow and limited desalination
production from seawater, the predominant
water resource in Oman is groundwater
occurring as aquifers within alluvium and hard
rock. Groundwater exists in both shallow and
deep-water aquifers. The groundwater in the
shallow alluvial aquifers, located along the main
wadi channels is the only renewable water
resources. The groundwater stored in the deep
aquifers is fossil non-renewable. The rural
population tends to live in smaller towns and
settlements alongside wadis where shallow
groundwater is extracted from wells in the
alluvium or channeled in aflaj1.
Oman is poor in surface water resources due to
the infrequent and low amounts of rainfall.
Living in isolated localities, the people of Oman
have always understood their reliance on
underground water supply and acted to
maximise their use of water. Seawater intrusion
in the coastal areas, groundwater contamination and pollution are more recent problems.
Reasons are mostly attributable to overabstraction of groundwater and the industrial
development with its associated waste, as well
as the high rate of population growth and
vertical and horizontal agriculture expansions.
Drought therefore is an endemic risk, as the
estimates of current demand and average
annual recharge indicates a deficit in the order
of 20%.
Solving the water problems and protecting the
water resources from depletion and quality
deterioration are set as challenges for the
government of Oman. Of the measures introduced to deal with these problems; groundwater abstraction is controlled by well
permitting, augmentation by artificial recharge
of floodwaters is well established with the
construction of recharge dams, and small
retention or storage dams for water supply to
remote communities have been built. Treated
wastewater is used for landscape irrigation in
the capital area and associated suburbs. The
government has other ambitious plans for the
expansion in the utilisation of treated wastewater as a supplementary source to meet the
future demand of irrigation water and reduce
groundwater abstraction.
Domestic water demand is expected to more
than double by the year 2020, due to population
growth and increased per capita consumption.
Industrial water consumption is also expected
to increase significantly in response to government policies encouraging diversification of the
economy away from dependency on oil
revenues.
1 A long-established, traditional means of water supply which taps the groundwater table, springs, or, more rarely, perennial sources of
surface ‘wadi’ flow.
141
National Statements
The Sultanate of Oman, with an area of 309,500
square kilometers, lies on the southeastern
edge of the Arabian Peninsula; thus it falls within
the world’s hot dry climatic zone. Rainfall
averages 100 mm a year but rises to 300 mm a
year over the northern arc of Oman Mountains.
The census of 1993 established Oman’s population at 2.02 million, which is estimated to have
risen to 2.4 million by 1999.
National statement on Oman Water Resources, prepared by the
Ministry of Water Resources
• Balancing water uses and renewable
resources;
• Conservation of water resources from
depletion and pollution;
• Provision of safe, potable drinking water for
all as a priority;
• Allocation of water to high value activities
where possible for industrial, commercial
and agricultural uses, within the limits of
available resources so as to achieve sustainable development.
Oman is relatively a young nation in terms of
modern history whose people are firmly rooted
in the agricultural tradition. The preservation of
this tradition is seen as important to maintain
the social structure and fabric while the country
steadily industrialises. Rural development will
create greater employment opportunities and
avoid the mass movement of the younger rural
population to the towns.
Preservation and economic strengthening of the
rural agricultural communities is the primary
goal in proposed reforms of water policy. At
the same time the problems of declining
groundwater levels and quality, and coastal
salinisation, must be, and can only be, solved by
the elimination of water balance deficits.
It is important to note that the water sector is
an integral part of the national planning process
with the development of five-years plans, which
establish goals for the sector. Considerable
investment and allocation of funding to support
a range of strategies to achieve these goals will
be required in the next 20 years.
The ultimate and paramount aim of redressing
the water problems requires a carefully planned
programme of education, awareness, participation and consensus within the society and
among users. Oman is confident that, in the
long term, this goal will be achieved.
,
National Statements
The government of Oman has invested a
substantial amount in the water sector. This
investment initially focused on the provision of
services and supplies to the domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors. In latter years it has
also included greater investment in management, development and exploration of new
water resources with main objectives being:
Saint Lucia
Address by H.E. Calixte George, Minister of Communications, Works,
Transport and Public Utilities
Saint Lucia welcomes the opportunity to have
participated in this Second World Water
Forum, and expresses its deepest appreciation
to the Government and people of The Netherlands for the support, for splendid arrangements made for this seminal event and for
allowing us to drink from the deep reservoir of
hospitality of its people.
Despite the constraints which have and
142
continue to afflict us, the Government of Saint
Lucia thought it critical that we made the effort
to attend this Forum. We envisaged it would
afford us the opportunity to learn more about
the various approaches being adopted to integrated water resources management, to which
we are deeply committed. We also anticipated
that we would have the opportunity to share
our experiences with other countries, large and
small, developed and developing. We especially
In Saint Lucia and the other small island states
of the Caribbean, we regard the availability of
adequate and safe freshwater resources as a
pre-requisite for sustaining human development. Since the UN Decade for Water in the
1980s, we have been trying to manage our
water resources more sustainably. Our
Caribbean region is well endowed with
seawater. However, we often experience
seasonal shortages of freshwater that cause
major disruptions in social and economic
activity.
While many of the targets of the UN Decade
have been met and in some cases have been
exceeded, Saint Lucia and other Caribbean
countries are being hard pressed to maintain
the coverage and quality of standards set, in the
face of increased demand, caused in part by high
population growth rates and by the need to
achieve and sustain adequate annual rates of
economic growth.
So long as these inequities exist, the goal of
sustainable human development will continue
to elude the majority of small island developing
states (SIDS). So long as our legitimate calls for
the peculiarities and vulnerabilities of SIDS
continue to be disregarded in this relentless
push towards globalisation and trade liberalisation, our development prospects will continue
to be bleak.
Despite this daunting global minefield which lies
in the path of our sustainable development, we
feel that we have no choice but to press ahead
with our development plans. Our presence at
this meeting bears testimony to this commitment.
Despite the fact that our economies and
societies are already burdened by diseconomies
of size, Saint Lucia and other Caribbean island
developing countries are being further challenged by the forces of globalisation and trade
liberalisation - forces that have shown little
sympathy for, or concern with the plight of the
small or weak. So that instead of channeling our
already scarce resources on encouraging our
farmers to adopt more sustainable agricultural
practices, we are engaged on all fronts in a
143
National Statements
It is with a deep sense of satisfaction and
gratitude that I announce that our expectations
have been met. Our thirst for knowledge has
been quenched. More importantly we now
know where more of this knowledge resides
and we might access it.
desperate struggle to save our vital banana
industry. We would much rather be focusing
our slender resources on developing integrated
approaches to water resources management.
Instead we are burdened with attending a
plethora of trade negotiations in capitals all
over the globe - events which ultimately place
little real opportunity on the table. Those
opportunities that are offered, cannot be
exploited by us given the disadvantages of size
and the lack of absorptive capacity in our
economies and societies.
looked forward to sharing the vision and the
mission of securing the critical water resources
of our world.
We are committed to making the substantial
investments that are required to build the
requisite human and institutional capacity; to
develop comprehensive national water policies;
to develop and utilise appropriate planning tolls
and research methodologies and to protect and
conserve our watersheds. We re-state our
commitment to the principles set out in the
Ministerial Declaration which will emerge from
this Forum.
resources of our planet. It is our expectation
that as with all partnerships, there will be some
recognition of differences in the capacities of
the respective partners and a commitment by
the strong to assist the weak.
It is in this context that I invite the World
Water Commission and other like-minded
international agencies, to consider hosting an
International Forum, to examine Integrated
Water Resources Management in the context
of SIDS. We believe that such a forum will help
to build a credible base of understanding and
appreciation of the many complex issues that
exist in a small island setting.
In closing these brief remarks, I offer warmest
commendations to you for your gentle but
persuasive management of this Ministerial
Meeting. I also wish to express the deepest
appreciation of Saint Lucia’s Delegation, to the
organisers of this Forum and to our most
gracious hosts - the Government and people of
The Netherlands for giving us this memorable
experience.
Saint Lucia stands ready to play its part in a
global partnership to secure the freshwater
,
National Statements
For us in Saint Lucia and the other Caribbean
SIDS, Integrated Water Resources Management
is not an option. It simply cannot be - not when
the majority of our countries are approaching
conditions of water scarcity; not with annual
per capita freshwater availability of below 1000
m3; not with adverse geological conditions and
not with rampant urbanisation that threatens
the sustainability of our watersheds. To us in
Saint Lucia and the islands of the Caribbean,
Integrated Water Resources Management is
more than a concept. We regard it as a sacred
principle that we must live by.
Sweden
Statement on Stockholm, focal point for international water co-operation and
development support
The present document is based on consultations in Stockholm between the concerned
Ministries and a number of internationally active
water-focused institutions in Stockholm,
Sweden; in particular the Global Water Partnership (GWP), Swedish Environmental
Research Institute (IVL), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI).
Sweden, through the initiative and considerations described here, referring to further
increased affinity between the four institutions
named above and their respective networks and
associated projects, wishes to increase its
contribution in the networking of international
water development capacity and organisations
that already exist in the world.
The existing activities that are to be further
developed and added to, based in and from
144
1 Hydrosolidarity:
• Promoting early warning and world water
arbitration in respect of upstream/downstream shared water scenarios;
• Promotion of other joint management efforts
(e g implications of Baltic cooperation for
Lake Victoria);
• In general offering good offices in the area of
alleviating or solving conflicts relating to
water resources.
2 Gendered, young professional and youth water
management -shared responsibility for
promotion of water/health relations; public
participation, information dissemination,
decision processes; ‘library’ of participatory
approaches and methodologies.
3 Containing hydrocide - water security,
minimising pollution and damaging waste
emission; including technical solutions. Clean
technology, appropriate sharing of water
between economic development and social
needs - methods of arbitration and equity.
4 Optimal productivity per unit of water promoting water saving and reuse, water
harvesting, technology advancement and institutional mechanisms in all sectors and at all
levels of water use/management.
b Manner of Operation
1 Activities in Stockholm
• A yearly gathering (World Water Week) of
international expertise to share new
knowledge, ideas, and assessments in the
broad area of IWRM. In addition, seminars
and workshops on specific topics, usefully
bringing stakeholders and beneficiaries
together;
• Development of curricula and an international course on policy-relevant integrated
water resources management with a truly
holistic approach, including land use and
ecosystem protection. Short training courses
on capacity-building on sectoral integration
in water affairs;
• A world reference and documentation
centre on water security with electronic
databases, educational electronic material,
search engines, expert-moderated Internet
support sites, and links to other water sites.
2 Activities in the field
• In situ training and capacity building, including
sharing of experiences from institutionalisation of water sharing and demand management mechanisms, legal water frameworks
and environmentally sound sewerage technology;
• Promotion of decision-support tools,
connecting science and policy making to
address regional problems and following up
on the internationally agreed upon action
programmes, including regional activities as
called for by The Hague decisions on World
Water Vision and Framework for Action
follow-up, with a reference to Regional
145
National Statements
a Specific Areas of Activity, Where
Comparative Advantage Already Exists in
Sweden:
5 Entering protection of ecological services into
IWRM: Linking land, water and ecosystems
management - to secure adequate attention is
given to the interaction between ecosystem
services and hydrological processes in the
context of social, economic and ecological
needs.
Stockholm, are to be permeated by two considerations: Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Water Security. This
includes the close relationship between these
concepts and other magnitudes such as land
use, the general state of other environmental
factors impacting water use and management,
river basin management; and awareness-raising
at all levels and to all stakeholders.
National Statements
,
Technical Advisory Committees);
• Monitoring of success stories, bringing information about on-the ground realities,
obstacles, and achievements to decisionmakers.
The picture below illustrates the relationship
between the organisations and suggests a
‘Water house’ in Stockholm, the nucleus of
which can serve the four organisations. The
City of Stockholm has signalled a commitment
to be helpful in these practicalities.
3 Dissemination of information
• Coordinated information flows, including the
use of high-quality information and communication technologies.
Technical Implementation
IVL
c Organisational Arrangements
During 2000, the GWP will, with steps now
being undertaken in Stockholm, go towards, or
actually become, a recognised international
organisation, independent from Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
(Sida). IVL, SEI and SIWI will intensify their
support for GWP during and in this process.
Capacity
brokerage
GWP
Water
House
SIWI
Knowledge
dissemination
SEI
Policiy development
Turkey
Statement by H.E. Cumhur Ersumer, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources,
on the topic of sharing water resources
Occasional use of the wording ‘sharing water
resources’ or similar expressions have recently
been noticed in the documents of international
meetings and in the publications which address
the technical, economic, social, environmental
and legal aspects of boundary-related waters. It
could seem at first glance agreeable untill it is
subject to closer scrutiny. Since the term
creates an imposition on the parties concerned
with the water resources in question, it is of
quite an unacceptable nature by the interested
countries.
Water is not like other raw materials. In the
case of an object having a static nature it is relatively easy - in physical terms - to share it
through an agreement by computing the
amount of it and consequently sharing it in pre-
146
specified proportions. When the task of sharing
is consummated, it does not pose - for practical
purposes - any further problem because it has a
static character and the amount of it will not
change in time. If the unique characteristics of
water resources are taken into account, the
‘sharing’ approach is not applicable easily to the
case and furthermore violates the concept of
integrated water resources management by
simplifying it unnecessarily. This wording might
only be sensible as regards respective ‘river
basin’ of the water resource, which encompasses the drainage area extending upstream
from the mouth of the main stream of the area,
and is defined by the drainage divided between
this and adjacent basins on a topographical
basis. Given the existence of political boundaries accepted internationally within a ‘river
It is admittedly true that a very small portion of
nearly 300 boundary-related water resources in
the world, which mark, cross or are located on
the boundaries between two or more states
might be considered ‘shared’ - through agreements - by the states which have an interest
and/or connection to them. To generalise the
water resources of the above mentioned
character, ‘transboundary’ is the most convenient and reflective term. Four salient features
of water resources of this character can be
reflected thoroughly:
147
National Statements
When the object to be shared is the water
itself, which has a dynamic character by virtue
of its nature, the subject matter becomes more
complicated. Water differs markedly from most
of the natural resources by its remarkable
property of continuous renewal in the hydrological cycle, the main link which explains the
occurrence and variability of water. The source
of all water flows and water accumulations of
different kinds on a certain territory is the
freshwater that falls as atmospheric precipitation on this territory, as a phase of the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle is not a
continuous mechanism through which water
can move steadily at a constant rate. Thus, the
movement of water through the cycle is erratic,
both in time and area. Under the influence of
gravity, the surface flows move toward lower
elevations in their watercourse, crossing
political boundaries they encounter, and may
eventually discharge into the ocean.
It might be argued that the parties can share the
waters at a fixed proportion of what is available
in the river at any time. This narrow approach
may only be applicable for the rivers marking
political boundaries, without having so many
dimensions of water-related issues. Out of this
case, what should not be overlooked is the oneway direction of rivers. Additionally, what is
shared is the water flowing in the river which
actually fell on the territory of the upstream
country. When sharing the water of a river
crossing a boundary is under consideration, it is
obviously necessary also to account for the
water of the downstream portion of the same
river, contributed by the downstream country.
Otherwise, the contribution of the downstream
country to the river is completely granted to
the downstream country, and what would be
shared would only be the territorial contribution of the upstream country. This is simply not
fair. Thus, the whole hydrological basin should
be taken into account and the proportions
determined optimally by the parties within a
consensus in an equitable and reasonable
manner. Evidently, the determination of the
proportions can only be established with an
agreement. In an agreement, the parties first
assess the water resources and needs of their
respective countries through rational analytical
methods, and then they, if possible, reach a
consensus, and delineate the framework and
details of the agreement.
basin’, the area of the basin might be considered implicitly ‘shared’ among the states
concerned.
National Statements
,
• The relevance of the water resource
concerned with the political boundaries;
• Inclusion of the dynamic of water flowing by
gravity under natural conditions, which both
implies the temporal variability of the
quantity of water transported in a watercourse and its mobile features;
• Representation of a one-way direction of
flow;
• Exclusion of a manner of imposition upon
and the attainability of an agreement engaged
between the parties concerned.
In this respect, to reach more fruitful stages in
the multilateral understanding in freshwater
issues, the Turkish Government deems it
appropriate to replace the topic of ‘sharing
water resources’ with ‘utilising water resources
equitably’ for the sake of consistency in the
third paragraph of the Ministerial Declaration,
as well as in the relevant thematic paper.
Vietnam
Statement by Dr. Nguyen Dinh Thinh, Head of Vietnam Delegation, on Water
Resources Management in Vietnam, Vision and Action to year 2025
1 Foreword
Vietnam has 2360 rivers with 9 main river
systems covering a total catchment area of
more than 10.000 km2 and abundant water
resources that can be self balanced and
harnessed for integrated use. The total quantity
of annual surface water is 835 billion m3, of
which 313 billion m3 rise within the territory
and 522 billion m3 come from outside countries.
Reserve of running underground water is about
1500 m3/s.
Water resources in Vietnam are unevenly
distributed, both spatially and temporally, due
to the country’s geographical features and
monsoon. It is estimated that 70%-75% of
annual water come in 3-4 months of the wet
season causing serious flood, whereas water in
3 months of the dry season accounts for only 58% causing severe drought in a number of areas.
Natural calamity, flood, draught, acid sulphate,
and saline intrusion are regular threat to agriculture and people in many areas in Vietnam.
148
At the time of national industrialisation,
modernisation, economic growth, increased
population and urbanisation, the demand of
water both in quality and quantity is increasing,
integrated use of water for generation of electricity and prevention of flood, drought and
pollution control, etc., emerge as an urgent
problem.
The need for development of water resources
is critical and pressing to meet the increased
demands of agriculture, industry, urbanisation,
transport, fishery and domestic use. Prevention
of flood and mitigation of natural calamity are
also essential. Therefore, water resource development requires continuous, modern, intensive
and extensive investment in all economic
regions to ensure sustainable development of
the country based on a long term policy and
master plan. It needs persistent effort.
Objectives of Water Resources
Management in Vietnam
III
Action
for a better future on water, life and
the environment
1 Implementing integrated water resources
management to ensure water for domestic,
economic, social uses, sustainable environment
and flood control.
• Renovation of viewpoint on water and water
resources management;
• Having reasonable strategies, policies and
mechanisms on water resources management;
• Management of water requirements and
activities of water use;
• Ensuring equal, reasonable water allocation;
• Development of scientific technologies to
facilitate efficiently and effectively water
uses.
Vision and Action
Vision
Integrated uses, sustainable protection of water resources and effective
control of adverse effects caused by
water
2 Implementing integrated water resources
management in river basins
• Integrated water resources management
based on participation of stakeholders;
• Development of river basin planning to
ensure balance between water uses and
conservation of ecological systems;
• Formation of technical support systems for
integrated water resources management;
• Improvement of co-operation of international rivers and sharing water sources.
1 Clean water supply to everyone;
2 Sufficient water for food security and socioeconomic development;
3 Aquatic ecological conservation;
4 Protection and mitigation of adverse effects
caused by water;
5 Reasonable water pricing;
6 Participation of stakeholders in managing
effectively and efficiently integrated water
resources;
3 Improvement of awareness and political will,
strengthening institution and capacity to
implement integrated water resources management
• Reforming investment policies, mechanism to
infrastructure construction and management;
• Separation of the State management on
water resources management and water
delivery services management;
In order to achieve above mentioned objectives
the National Workshop on ‘Water in the 21st
Century’ held in Hanoi, 7-8 March 2000, has
unanimously worked out ‘Vision and Action to
the year 2025’ as follows :
149
National Statements
General objectives of water resources management in Vietnam to the year 2025 are as
follows:
• Ensuring sufficient domestic water supply for
population of 100 million people (at present,
population : 76.3 million, only 30% of rural
population and 60-70% of urban one are
supplied with clean water);
• Providing irrigation water for 7 mil. ha of
cultivated land to ensure national food
security;
• Ensuring water for industry and other
economy sectors’development in order to
maintain high growth rate of national
economy in the period of national industrialisation and modernisation;
• Conservating sustainable aquatic ecosystems;
• Protecting and mitigating adverse effects
caused by water.
7 Co-operations of international rivers and
sharing water sources for common benefits.
II
National Statements
,
• Development of institutional arrangements
(Central-Basin-Province);
• Development of synchronised and complete
legislative framework;
• Capacity building.
4 Ensuring efficient activities of water delivery
services
• Institutional improvement of accountable
and autonomic water delivery service organisations;
• Recognising water to be a commodity;
• Water delivery service strategy: participation
of economic sectors and water user associations;
• Infrastructure construction, rehabilitation
going in line with efficient management.
IV
Conclusion
Vietnam is a country with rather abundant
water resources but the distribution of its
resources is uneven, both spatially and temporally. The process of social and economic development in Vietnam requires increasing amounts
of water, causing large amounts of waste water.
Therefore, the integrated management of water
resources on river basins has been paid special
attention by the Government and people of
Vietnam. In coming years we will organise the
exploitation, use and protection of water
resources according to our objectives and
action programme. We hope to get valuable
experience and close cooperation from the
international community in order to reach a
better future of water, life and environment.
Zambia
National statement by H.E. David Saviye,
Minister of Energy and Water Development
The Challenge
The challenge is to recognise that access to
water is a basic human need, thus empowering
women and men to make decisions towards
safe and adequate water.
Background
The Government of Zambia acknowledges and
recognises that water is a basic human need,
vital for life and health. At the end of the water
and sanitation decade, statistics have shown
that Zambia had water coverage estimated at
50 % for the urban population and 25 % for the
rural population. However, in the past ten
years, the Government of Zambia has given
water a very high priority on its agenda politically as well as economically. Thus, a water
policy was formulated in 1994 whose vision is
to have access to clean and adequate water
supplies for the people of Zambia. Since then,
water programmes have been implemented
150
with the assistance of the international cooperating partners, in order to achieve this vision.
As at now, the water coverage has improved
with statistics indicating 70 % coverage for the
urban population and 35 % for the rural population. Maintaining this coverage, let alone
improving upon them, is a major challenge.
Meeting the Challenge
As mentioned, the Government of Zambia has
since 1994 been implementing a policy with
strategies aimed at improving accessibility to
water and sanitation through efficient service
delivery. One of the measures that Zambia is
implementing is water sector reform. These
reforms are being guided by the seven water
supply and sanitation sector principles. These
are as follows :
• Separation of water resources functions
from water supply and sanitation;
As for the rural community, the Government is
implementing a rural water supply strategy
using a concept known as WASHE (Water,
Sanitation and Hygiene Education). This
concept entails integrated service provision and
community involvement in the provision of
water supply and sanitation services. It deals
with strengthening institutional capacities at
District level by enhancing joint development of
integrated programming and planning that
ensures collaboration and coordination among
actors, consensus building that enhances use of
existing structures and maximises the utilisation
At community level, village water and sanitation
committees (V-WASHE) are established to
undertake the actual management of the facilities that have been provided for the community.
This is to ensure ownership of the infrastructure at Village level. Issues of operation and
maintenance are being addressed at this level.
These committees are selected by the respective communities themselves ensuring that
women serve on them, as they are key
providers of water. These committees are
educated on hygiene practices aimed at
impacting behavioral change in communities.
The WASHE concept has been well accepted by
the communities as it has for them an opportunity to participate in the planning and implementation of programmes that impact their
lives. With this concept, sustainability of water
supply and hygiene education is being realised at
community level. This concept is being implemented with assistance from the cooperating
partners through the Government of The
Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany,
Ireland, UNICEF, and NGOs.
Further, the Zambian Government is undertaking a Water Resources Action Programme
(WRAP), which basically, is aimed at reforming
the water resources aspects of the water
sector. The main objective of this programme
is to ensure that water resources are managed
and utilised in a manner that is sustainable,
equitable and environmentally friendly.
151
National Statements
So far one of the major outputs of the reforms
is the enactment of a water and sanitation bill
now known as the ‘Water and Sanitation Act of
1997’. This act provides for public-public and
public-private partnerships in the provision of
water and sewerage companies called
‘Commercial Utilities’. These companies will
operate on an autonomous and commercial
basis in the urban areas. To date, six water
supply and sewerage companies have been
formed in some parts of the country. They are
operational. This has been made possible with
the assistance of our cooperating partners,
namely: the Governments of Norway and
Germany and the World Bank.
of available resources. This is achieved through
establishment of District WASHE Committees
at district level. The plan is to promote integrated approach to planning and implementation of water, sanitation and hygiene education
programmes in every district of the country.
The committee ensures that these programmes
address issues of community participation,
gender focus and integrated services provision.
• Separation of regulatory and executive
functions within the water supply and sanitation sector;
• Devolution of authority to the local authorities and private enterprises in the provision
of water and sanitation;
• Full cost recovery for water supply and sanitation services (capital recovery, operation
and maintenance) through user charges in
the long run;
• Human resource development leading to
more effective institutions;
• Technology appropriate to local conditions;
and
• Increased Government budget to the sector.
1 The legal and institutional framework that
will ensure effective institutional framework
for water resources management;
2 The institutional and Human resources
Development: that will bring about the
human resources competence, capacity and
motivation to develop and sustain efficient
integrated water resources management;
3 Water resources, demand, supply and infrastructure: dealing with aspects of water
resources allocation, conservation, and infrastructure development activities;
4 Water economics and financing dealing with
the economic value of water;
5 Water and environment: dealing with integrating the environment in water resources
management;
6 Information services dealing with data collection, analysis and dissemination;
7 International waters: dealing with shared
water course issues ensuring harmonisation
of national water legislations with the SADC
protocol on shared water course systems.
Once these components are fully implemented,
it is visualised that effective and efficient integrated water resources management will
contribute to poverty reduction, increased
food security, and enhanced social and
economic development in Zambia and also
meet the basis water needs.
Indicative Targets
Zambia has targeted to achieve 75 % coverage
of water service provision in rural areas and
100 % for the urban areas by the year 2015.
This is as contained in our National Water
Master Plan.
Conclusion
,
National Statements
Integrated water resources management is the
key issue in this programme. To realise this
objective various activities addressing the
following issues are being implemented through
seven components of the programme:
The Zambian Government acknowledges that it
has a very big task of meeting the challenge of
access to water for the improved health for its
citizens. The vision is there, the political will is
there, what still remains as a challenge is the
financial ability to realise the vision that will
provide sustainable water service. The Zambian
Government is therefore, appealing to the
international community to assist financially,
technically, or otherwise in realising this vision.
“Water is life, therefore, it must be
accessed and sustained by all, for all”
152
Other Statements
This section contains three statements on the occasion of the Ministerial Conference:
1 Statement on behalf of the participants in the Regional Meeting of Ministers of the Americas
2 Statement on behalf of the Sub-Regional Meeting of West-African Ministers (French text)
3 Statement by the Asian Development Bank
The States of the Americas affirm their appreciation of, and support for, the draft
Ministerial Declaration as a non-binding political message to focus attention on
water resources conservation and management, and to promote regional
co-operation. While the draft Ministerial Declaration represents a consensus on a
wide range of issues, the document should be carefully analysed to reflect the
strategic issues of concern for the Americas.
The Ministerial Declaration should emphasise
that water is an important resource for
economic growth and development. The term
‘Water Sustainability’ would be a more appropriate term instead of ‘Water Security’. The
Ministerial Declaration should include references to the need for trans-boundary cooperation to ensure the equitable and just
sharing of water resources. In addition,
stronger references that all stakeholders, espe-
cially women, be given an opportunity to participate in the decision-making processes
regarding water resources conservation and
management, should be better reflected in the
Declaration.
Finally, we would like to request that official
translations of the Ministerial Declaration into
the UN languages be prepared and submitted to
the Delegates.
Déclaration du Comité de suivi ministériel de la Conférence Ouest-Africaine1
sur la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau au 2e Forum mondial de l’eau et
à la Conférence ministérielle de mars 2000 à La Haye aux Pays-Bas
Les 1er et 2 mars 2000 s’est tenue à Ouagadougou, la réunion du Comité de suivi
ministériel de la Conférence ouest-africaine sur la gestion intégrée des ressources en
eau (GIRE).
Au cours de cette réunion, la vision ouestafricaine sur l’eau, la vie et l’environnement
pour les 25 prochaines années et le Plan
d’action régional de gestion intégrée des
ressources en eau ont été adoptés.
Après diverses analyses de la situation, Nous,
Ministres chargés de l’eau et de l’environnement et chefs de délégation :
• Reconnaissons l’importance de l’eau pour le
développement socio-économique, en tant
que partie vitale du bien être social jouant un
rôle clé dans l’agriculture, la santé, l’énergie
et la consommation humaine; les effets des
changements climatiques sont déjà apparents
sur une grande partie du continent, à travers
la baisse de la pluviométrie, l’augmentation
de la fréquence des sécheresse et des crues.
1 Les pays sont Benin, Burkina Faso, Cap Vert, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambie, Ghana, Guinee, Guinee-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal et Togo.
153
Other Statements
Statement of the Delegations of the Americas to the Ministerial Conference
Other Statements
,
La région ouest-africaine, malgré l’abondance
apparente de ses ressources en eau, connaît
un problème de déficit chronique compte
tenu de la répartition spatio-temporelle des
précipitations, de la faible mobilisation de
son potentiel en eau et d’une mauvaise
gestion des ressources existantes.
• Reconnaissons que les contraintes socioéconomiques, politiques, environnementales
ainsi que les contraintes de gouvernance
doivent être surmontées dans le domaine de
la gestion des ressources en eau au niveau de
la région.
• Notons les principaux défis à relever par la
région pour assurer un niveau de vie meilleur
aux populations à travers le développement
des ressources en eau à savoir :
- la volonté politique et l’élévation du niveau
de prise de conscience par tous, des enjeux
de l’eau avec implication du genre;
- la stabilisation du cadre macro-économique;
- l’institutionnalisation de la bonne
gouvernance;
- l’amélioration des connaissances en matière
de ressources en eau;
- la réforme des institutions de gestion des
ressources en eau;
- le mobilisation des ressources financières et
la mise en oeuvre d’une gestion économique
et financière durable;
- la sensibilisation, la formation et le
renforcement des capacités des individus et
des institutions.
• Reconnaissons que pour faire face aux défis
ci-dessus, les actions fondamentales
suivantes doivent être prises :
- susciter la volonté politique au niveau des
responsables et de toutes les couches
sociales;
- stabiliser l’environnement macroéconomique;
- instituer la bonne gouvernance à tous les
niveaux (régional, national, local) en tentant
compte de l’approche genre;
- appuyer la recherche portant sur la vari-
154
abilité et les changements climatiques et
utiliser les résultat de la recherche en vue
des prises de décisions politiques;
- assurer le suivi et améliorer la connaissance
en matière de ressources en eau et de leur
mode de gestion;
- améliorer la planification, la distribution des
ressources en eau, l’utilisation des terres, la
réglementation de l’exhaure de l’eau et le
déversement des déchets;
- renforcer les institutions du secteur de l’eau
et accroître la participation des bénéficiaires notamment les femmes dans la gestion
des ressources en eau;
- élaborer des plans d’investissement
stratégiques pour :
- parvenir à une couverture de 100% en
matière d’approvisionnement en eau et
assainissement;
- atteindre la sécurité et l’autosuffisance
alimentaire;
- rétablir l’équilibre des écosystèmes
terrestres et aquatiques dégradés et
protéger leur biodiversité;
- récouvrer les coûts d’investissement et
d’entretien en vue d’assurer la viabilité
financière des projets dans le secteur de
l’eau;
- sensibiliser, former, et renforces la capacité
de toutes les parties prenantes;
- instaurer la synergie et le partenariat entre
les institutions et les pays dans la gestion
des ressources en eau partagées;
- coordoner, harmoniser et échanger les
informations et les expériences dans le
domaine de la gestion intégrée des
ressources en eau.
• Décidons de la réalisation de la vision de
l’eau pour l’an 2025 pour que :
- toutes les populations de la région ouestafricaine aient :
- accès à l’eau potable en vue de répondre à
leurs besoins fondamentaux,
- accès aux installations sanitaires,
Fait à Ouagadougou, le 2 mars 2000
Statement of the Asian Development Bank
I wish to congratulate the Government of The Netherlands for its excellent initiative
and gracious hospitality to organise and host the Second World Water Forum and
Ministerial Conference in The Hague at the start of the new Millennium.
Water is central to human existence and
sustainable development. Poverty is closely
linked to water scarcity, water pollution, environmental degradation, and flooding. Poverty is
an unacceptable human condition. It is not
immutable; public policy and action can, and
must, eliminate poverty. This is what development is all about. Close to 900 million of the
world’s poor (i.e., those who survive on less
than $1 a day) live in the Asia-Pacific region.
Nearly one in three Asians is poor. More than
800 million people in the region do not have
access to safe water supply, while more than 2
billion people do not have adequate sanitation
facilities. Asia has the lowest per capita availability of freshwater resources among the
world’s continents. Water pollution is one of
the most serious environmental problems
facing the region. The ADB has made poverty
reduction its overarching objective. We
recognise that significant further investments in
water resource management and in water
services are needed to achieve this objective.
The current water crisis is more a water governance crisis. Inefficient management has
compounded the problems in the water sector
world-wide. The challenge in this new Millen-
nium is to adopt a new approach. Water
resources need to be managed in a more
holistic way, in the context of river basins.
Water services need to be delivered more efficiently through autonomous and accountable
service providers, involving men and women
users as customers, and ensuring access to
water services by the poor. Water governance
will catalyse the much needed investments to
expand water services, to manage and conserve
water resources, and to protect the environment. To improve governance in the water
sector, we need to balance social dimensions
with economic demands and environmental
needs. This involves managing risks, promoting
awareness and understanding, and mobilising
the political will to make decisions and see them
through to implementation.
The water challenge calls for collaboration
across all sectors of the national economy as
well as across political boundaries. National
water action agendas need to be drawn up
through active stakeholder participation. In
many countries, the challenge is enormous so
that governments can not, and should not, do it
alone but should work in partnership with local
communities, the private sector, NGOs, and
155
Other Statements
• Lançons un appel à nos partenaires au
développement pour qu’ils nous assistent
dans la mise en oeuvre de la “Vision” ouestafricaine et du Plan d’action régional de
gestion intégrée des ressources en eau,
conformément à la déclaration ministérielle
de La Haye.
- une sécurité alimentaire et un régime nutritionnel convenable;
- la région ouest-africaine atteigne l’autosuffisance alimentaire;
- la dégradation des ressources en eau soit
freinée, l’équilibre des écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres rétablis et leur biodiversité protégée.
been used for water service delivery in subsectors, and less than 10 percent for water
resources management. This clearly needs to
change. While continuing investment in water
services to meet basic needs, particularly for
the poor, more attention is needed for sustainable water resource management.
Water governance is woven into all seven
elements of the ADB’s emerging water policy.
It includes the promotion of effective national
water policies and action programmes, establishment of apex coordinating bodies, introduction of integrated water resource management,
promotion of efficient water service delivery
through autonomous and accountable service
providers, a strong regulatory framework,
public awareness, cost recovery, and a strong
emphasis on capacity building. ADB’s water
policy has been formulated through extensive
stakeholder consultations.
In most Asia-Pacific countries, there is still no
single voice, no shared vision for the water
sector. With a few exceptions, countries in Asia
have yet to adopt a policy to regulate water
allocation and conservation, and there is a
common lack of adequate legislation including
water rights or entitlements; fragmented and
overlapping responsibilities among a host of
agencies involved in water projects; a lack of
coordination and leadership; ineffective water
resource planning and management; insufficient
political and public awareness; a lack of
community participation in resource planning
and management; and a general shortage of
institutional capacity to meet increasing needs
effectively at all levels, in both service delivery
and resource management.
In summary, the seven elements of ADB’s
emerging water policy are to:
,
Other Statements
other stakeholders. The paradigm of integrated
water resource management is characterised by
the active participation of all stakeholders, as
compared to the traditional approaches of
project-oriented and sector-oriented planning,
development and management that have led to
fragmentation.
1 Promote effective national water polices and
action programmes in each country;
2 Invest in water resource management in
important river basins;
3 Improve water services through autonomous
and accountable providers;
4 Foster the efficient and sustainable use and
conservation of water;
5 Increase the mutually beneficial use of shared
water resources;
6 Facilitate stakeholder consultation, participation, and partnerships; and
7 Improve governance through capacity
building, learning, and evaluation.
Governance determines how funds are
allocated; this is an essential issue for a development bank. Because of the fragmented responsibilities in the water sector, more than 90
percent of ADB water lending has in the past
156
Recognising these priority needs in the region,
ADB’s emerging water policy focuses on the
formulation of national water policies by stakeholders concerned, including both government
and non-government interests. ADB advocates
the establishment of a representative water
sector apex body, such as a national water
council or commission, to oversee the sector
reform process and to improve coordination,
and of river basin organisations with stakeholder participation.
ADB’s policy on governance focuses on four
basic principles that are highly relevant to the
water sector. They are (i) accountability, (ii)
participation, (iii) predictability, and (iv) transparency. In the water sector, accountability is
needed in the performance of water service
providers, and in resource management and
We look forward to collaborate with our
member countries and development partners
to turn the Vision for Water, Life, and the Environment in the 21st Century into a reality.
Myoung-Ho Shin
Vice-President
In collaboration with the Global Water Partnership, ADB has actively supported subregional
cooperation in the preparation of the Water
Vision and Framework for Action in Southeast
and South Asia. ADB has assisted the People’s
Republic of China in an assessment of strategic
options for its water sector. ADB-financed
programmes in many of our member countries
are helping to improve water sector governance, through national water sector profiles,
water sector apex bodies, national water
policies, strategies, and laws, water sector
information systems, river basin organisations
and management, public-private partnerships
and community participation in water services,
and through institutional reform, capacity
building, and learning.
ADB’s approach is to forge long-term partnerships with member countries in the water
sector to realise the necessary improvements in
water governance, together with investments in
physical and social infrastructure, environ-
157
Other Statements
mental protection, and capacity building. ADB
will continue to support regional and subregional consultations and cooperation to
exchange experience and catalyse water sector
reforms and investment. In this connection, we
will undertake a regional study of water policy,
legal, and institutional reforms, in support of
the emerging regional Water Visions and
Frameworks for Action presented at this
Forum.
conservation, including the allocation of water
to high-value uses, to poor and vulnerable
groups, and for ecosystem maintenance. Participatory development processes involving
public, private, community, and NGO stakeholders are an integral part of ADB’s emerging
water policy. Participation of women and
collaboration with NGOs are very important in
water sector projects, and ADB’s policies on
gender and development and on collaboration
with NGOs are important instruments to guide
our water sector operations in these areas.
Predictability refers to the existence of laws,
regulations, and policies to regulate water
sector activities, and their fair and consistent
application. Transparency refers to the timely
availability of information about water policies
and projects to the general public, and clarity
about government rules, regulations, and
decisions in the sector.
Monday 20 March, 2000
19.00 Reception and Buffet, hosted by the
Mayor and Aldermen of The Hague
21.00 Ballet performance by The Netherlands
Dance Theater
13.00
14.30
Tuesday 21 March, 2000
09.30 Opening Session (in plenary)
a Welcome on behalf of The Netherlands by the Chair of the Ministerial
Conference,
H.E. Ms Eveline Herfkens, Minister for
Development Cooperation, The
Netherlands
b Statement by H.E. Dr Mahmoud AbuZeid, President of the World Water
Council, Minister of Public Works and
Water Resources of Egypt
c Statement by Dr Ismail Serageldin,
Chairman of the World Water
Commission in the 21st Century
short intermezzo
d Statement by His Royal Highness the
Prince of Orange, Chairman of the
Second World Water Forum, on the
Forum
e Statements on behalf of major groups
e1 Gender
e2 Youth
e3 NGOs
e4 Business
e5 Professional Organisations,
Science and Research
f Presentation of the draft Declaration
of The Hague, by the Chairman of the
Senior Officials Meeting, Mr Koos
Richelle, Director General for International Cooperation, The Netherlands
11.00 Coffee Break
11.30 Thematic Sessions with Stakeholder
Representatives (in parallel sessions)
a meeting basic needs
b protecting ecosystems
c securing the food supply
d sharing water resources
,
158
16.00
16.30
18.00
19.30
e managing risks
f valuing water
g governing water wisely
Lunch Break
Thematic Sessions (Ministers only / in
parallel sessions)
a meeting basic needs
b protecting ecosystems
c securing the food supply
d sharing water resources
e managing risks
f valuing water
f governing water wisely
Tea Break
Regional Meetings (Ministers only / in
parallel sessions)
a Africa
b The Americas
c Asia-Pacific
d Europe
e Middle-East and North Africa
Closure of today’s programme
Reception and buffet in the Ridderzaal,
Parliamentary Buildings,
The Hague
Wednesday 22 March, 2000
09.30 Plenary Session
a Statement by His Royal Highness the
Prince of Orange, Chairman of the
Second World Water Forum, on the
final day of the Forum
b Reports on the conclusions of the
Thematic Sessions, by the rapporteurs
of the Parallel Sessions
c Statements on behalf of the regional
meetings, by the rapporteurs of the
Parallel Sessions
11.00 Coffee Break
11.30 Closing Session
a Conclusion of the Declaration of The
Hague and other possible outputs of
the Ministerial Conference
b Closing Statements
List of delegates to the Ministerial
Conference on Water Security in the
21st Century1
Chairperson
H.E. Ms Eveline Herfkens, Minister for Development Co-operation of The Netherlands
Secretariat
Mr Koos Richelle, Director-General for International Co-operation, Chairperson of the Senior Officials Meeting
Mr Leo van Maare, Director Environment and Development, Chairperson of the Task Force Ministerial Conference
Mr Hans van Zijst, Conference Manager
Dr John Soussan, editor-in-chief
Prof Adrian MacDonald, editor
Mr Matthew Chadwick, editor
Dr. Gordon Mitchell, editor
Dr. Ian Smout, editor
Ms Nicolette Bouman, session reporting
Mr Frits Thissen, session reporting
Mr Maarten Scheffers, session reporting
Mr Bob Dekker, session reporting
African Development Bank
H.E. Dr. Omar Kabbaj
Mr. T. n’Kodo
Mrs. D. Kabell
Mr. S. Yahaya
President
Director OCOD
Senior Advisor to the President
Principal Industrial Economist
Algeria
H.E. Mr. Salim Saadi
H.E. Mr. Abdelkader Messahel
Mr. Larbi Bagdhali
Mr. Mekki Messahel
Mr. Benhenni Benguedach
Mr. Abdelkader Houiou
Mr. Dahmane Hamid
Mr. Rachid Ouali
Mr. Lyès Nait Tighilt
Minister of Water Resources
Ambassador of Algeria to The Netherlands
Director of Regulation, Protection and Use of Water, Ministry of Water Resources
Member of Parliament
Director of Waterworks
Director of Studies, Ministry of Water Resources
Deputy Director Agricultural Hydraulics, Ministry of Agriculture
Minister Plenipotentiary, MFA
Counsellor, Embassy at The Hague
Andorra
H.E. Mrs. Olga Adellach
H.E. Mrs. Meritxell Mateu
Mrs. Natàlia Rovira
Mrs. Silvia Calvo
Minister for the Environment
Ambassador to The Netherlands
Director, Min.of the Environment
Ministry of the Environment
Angola
H.E. Mr. Rui Augusto Tito
Mr. Paulo Emílio de Oliviera Mendes
Mr. Manuel Domingos Da Silva Lemos
Mrs. Ana Carla De Sousa
Vice Minister of Energy and Water
National Director for Water
Commercial Attaché, Embassy of Angola to The Netherlands
Antigua and Barbuda
Mr. John Bradshaw
Manager of the Water Department, Antigua Public Utilities Authority
Argentina
H.E. Eng. Victor Pochat
H.E. Mr. Albert DaveredE
Mr. Adolfo Escobar
Mrs. María Alejandra Vlek
Under-Secretary for Water Resources
Ambassador of Argentine to The Netherlands
Counsellor, Embassy of Argentina
Secretary,Embassy of Argentina
Armenia
H.E. Mr. Gevorg Vardinyan
H.E. Mr. Viguen Tchitetchian
Mr. Sirekan Ohanyan
Mr. Nuneh Darbinyan
Mr. Volodya Narimanyan
Minister of Nature Protection
Head, Department of Urban Development and Natural Resources
Head, International Cooperation Department, Ministry of Nature Protection
Head, Water Resources Protection Department, Ministry of Nature Protection
Mr. Myoung-Ho Shin
Mr. Wouter Lincklaen Arriens
Vice-President (West)
Senior Water Resources Specialist
Australia
Mr. Peter McCawley
Deputy Director-General, Ausaid
1 This list has been compiled on the basis of pre-registration and on-site registration information provided by delegates themselves or
through their representatives in resident Embassies. The Project Secretariat regrets any misspellings or incorrect mentioning of function or
affiliation.
159
Mr. Graeme Bevan
Senior Policy Advisor, Ausaid
Austria
H.E. Dr. Alexander Christiani
Mr. Wilfried Schimon
Mr. Jung
Head, Subdirectorate of Watermanagement, Federal Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry,
Environment and Water Management
Azerbaijan
Mr. Ahmed Ahmedzade
Chairman, State Amelioration and Irrigation Committee
Bangladesh
H.E. Mr. Abdur Razzak
H.E. Mr. Gyash Uddin
Dr. A.T.M. Shamsul Huda
Minister for Water Resources
Ambassador of Bangladesh to The Netherlands
Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources
Belgium
H.E. Mrs. Magda Aelvoet
H.E. Mr. Didier Gosuin
H.E. Mr. Johan Swinnen
Mr. Verbrugghe
Mr. De Baere
Mr. Luc Timmermans
Mr. Boudewijn Dereymaeker
Mr. Gunther Sleeuwagen
Mr. Johan Janssens
Mrs. An Daems
Mr. Jos Aelvoet
Mrs. Delphine Delieux
Vice-Prime Minister and Minister for Consumer Affairs, Public Health and Environment
Minister of Environmental Affairs and Nature Conservation of the Brussels Capital Region
Ambassador of Belgium to The Netherlands
Director of Cabinet of the Minister of Environment and Agriculture
of the Flanders Government
Deputy to Mr. Verbrugghe
Sector head, Directorate General for International Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Minister-Counsellor Embassy Belgium
First Secretary of EmbassyDirectorate for Sustainable Development,
Advisor, Cabinet of the State Secretary for Development Cooperation
Cabinet of the Minister for Consumer Affairs, Public Health and Environment
Attaché, Flemish Community
Attaché, Embassy of Belgium
Benin
H.E. Mr. Félix Essou Dansou
H.E. Mrs. Ramatou Baba-Moussa
Mr. André Toupe
Mr. Felix Azonsi
Minister of Mines,Energy and Hydraulics
Minister of Social Protection and Family
Director of Hydraulics
Ministry of Energy and Hydraulics
Bhutan
H.E. Dr. Kinzang Dorji
Mr. Pema Gyamtsho
Minister of Agriculture
Head Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Agriculture
Bolivia
H.E. Dr. José Gabino Villanueva Guttiérez
H.E. Mr. Walter Nunez
Minister de Primera, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of)
H.E. Mr. Mehmed Saric
Minister of Agriculture, Watermanagement and Forestry
Botswana
H.E. Boometswe Mokgothu
Mr. Blackie Marole
Mr. Akolang Russia Tombale
Minister of Minerals, Energy and Water (MEW)
Permanent Secretary, MEW
Director of Water Affairs, MEW
Brazil
H.E. Mr. Affonso de Alencastro Massot
Dr. Raymundo J.Santos Garrido
Mr. Tasso Jereissati
Mrs. Janine-Monique Bustani
Mr. Luis Antonio Borda Silos
Mr. Lauro S. de Figueiredo
Mr. Jose Bessa Maia
Mr. Hyperides Macedo
Col. Otto Hallwass
Mrs. Stela Goldstein
Mrs. Hidely G. Rizzo
160
Secretary for Water Resources Brazil
Governor of Sao Paulo
Counsellor, Embassy of Brazil
First Secretary, Embassy of Brazil
Director, Department of Structuring of Water Resources Secretariat
Delegate
Delegate
Army and Air Force Attache, Embassy of Brazil
Assistant to Mr. Jereissati
Assistant to Dr. Garrido
Bulgaria
H.E. Mr. Kamen Velichkov
Mrs. Petya Nestorova
First Secretary, Head of Commercial and Economic Session,
Bulgarian Embassy in The Hague
Burkina faso
H.E. Mr. Bongnessan Arsène Ye
Mr. Ambroise Balima
Mr. Ouango Athanase Compaoré
Mr. Ousmane Suleymane Diallo
Mr. Jérôme Thiombiano
Mrs. Nathalie Ouattara
Minister of Environment and Water
Economic Counsellor, Embassy of Burkina Faso The Netherlands
Regional Coordinator of the “World Water Vision”
Director General of Hydraulics
Director, GIRE programme
National Coordinator of the “World Water Vision”, Delegate
Burundi
H.E. Mr. Jean-Pacificque Nsengiyuma
Mr. Manasse Nduwayo
Mr. Philippe Niyongabo
Minister of Land, Planning and Environment
Director General, Geographic Institute of Burundi
Director General, REGIDESCO
Cambodia
H.E. Mr. Ngo Pin
Mr. Theng Thara
Secretary of State, Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology
Director, Department of Water Resources Management and Conservation
Cameroon
H.E.Mr.Jacques Yves Mbelle Ndoe
Mr. Jean-Pierre Bidjocka
Minister of Mines, Water and Energy
Deputy Director, Water Supply
Canada
Mr. Émile Gauvreau
Mrs. Jennifer Moore
Mr. Aly Shady
Mr. Guy Carrier
Mr. Najeeb Mirza
Mr. Mark Fisher
Mrs. Sabrina Barker
Mr. Richard Robarts
Mr. Fred Wrona
Mrs. Renée Sauvé
Mr. Alain Tellier
Mr. Giles Norman
Mr. Gavin Buchan
Vice President (Africa and Middle East Branch),
Canadian International Development Agency
Director General Ecosystems and Environmental Resources, Environment Canada
Senior Advisor Water Policy CIDA
Senior Water and Sanitation Advisor CIDA
Advisor CIDA
Policy Analyst, Environment Canada,(EC)
Policy Analyst, EC
Director UNEP GEMRS./WCW
Director National Hydrology Research Institute EC
Policy Analyst, Environment Relations,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (MFAIT)
Legal Advisor, MFAIT
Legal Advisor, MFAIT
First Secretary, Canadian Embassy, The Hague
Cape Verde
H.E. Dr. José Antonio Pinto Monteiro
H.E. Mr. Júlio V. de Sousa Lobo
Dr.Rui Silva
Mrs. Maria de Lourdes Monteiro Lima
Mr. Emanuel Monteiro
Minister for Agriculture, Food and Environment
President, National Institute of Water Administration Resources(INGRH)
Technician
Technician
Chad
H.E. Mr. Nadjo Abdelkerim
Mr. Moussa Moustapha Terap
Minister of Water and Environment
Director of Hydraulics
Chile
Mr. Humberto Peña
H.E.Mr. Luis G. Pascal
Mr. Julio Monreal
Mr. Carlos Salazar
Mr. Eugenio del Solar
Director General, Water Department, Ministry of Public Works
Head, Direction Environmental Programmes, Ministry of Health
Head, Direction of Studies, Water Department, Ministry of Public Works
Second Secretary, Embassy of Chile, The Netherlands
China
H.E. Mr. Wang Shucheng
Mr. Gao Anze
Dr. Dong Zheren
Mr. Wu Jisong
Mr. Zhang Guoliang
Chief Engineer, Ministry of Water Resources (MWR)
Director General, Department of International Cooperation, Science and Technology, MWR
Director General, Department of Water Resources,MWR
President, General Institute of Water resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, MWR
161
Mr. Xie Yunliang
Mrs. Hu Zhongping
Mr. Hao Chunxi
Mr. Wang Lei
Mr. Liu Zhiguang
Mr. Jin Hai
Counsellor, Department of International Organisations and Conferences,
Assistant Counsel, Department of International Relations, Ministry of Construction
Division Chief, Department of Pollution Control,
State Environmental Protection Administration
Engineer, General Office of MWR
Division Chief, Department of International Cooperation, Science and Technology,MWR
Programme Officer, Department International Cooperation, Science and Technology, MWR
Colombia
H.E. Mr. Juan Mayr Maldonado
Mr. Diego Bravo Borda
Mr. Gustavo Morales
Mr. Fernando Rosero Díaz
Minister of Environment
Director General Corporación Regional de Cundinamarca Autónoma
Subdirector Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca
Asesor, Ministry of Environment
Congo (Republic of)
H.E. Mr. Jean Marie Tassoua
Mr. Jean-Michel Ossete
Mr. Ambroise G. Bonguande
Mrs. Béatrice Cakuba
Mr. Gérard Bakale
Minister of Energy and Hydrology
National Society for Water Distribution
Delegate
Delegate
Costa Rica
H.E. Mrs. Elisabeth Odio
H.E. José de J. Conejo
Mr. Luis Gamez
Mrs. Natalie Zamora
Mr. Christian Guillermet
Minister of Environment and Energy
Advisor to the Minister of Environment and Natural Resources
Coordinator Costa Rican Institute for Biodiversity
Counsellor, Embassy of Costa Rica, Geneva
Côte d’Ivoire
H.E. Vincent Esso Lohues
Mr. Anzéni Djouka
Mr. Mamadou Sakho
Mr. Sékou Toure
Mr. Sidibe Mande
Mr. M’Gbra Rigobert N’Guessan
Ministre de la Construction et de l’Environnement
Directeur de l’Eau, Représentant le Ministre d’Etat chargé
des Infrastructures et des Transports
Sous-Directeur de l’Hydrologie, Expert
Habitat, Chargé du projet de gestion des Resources Eau d’Abidjan - Expert
Chargé de mission au Ministére de la Construction et de l’Environnement
Croatia
H.E. Mr. Bozo Kovaceviv
H.E. Mr. Jaksa Muljacic
Mrs. Jasnica Danicic
Mr. Venko Curlin
Mr. Zeljko Ostojic
Mrs. Ljiljana Pancirov
Mr. Miro Steinbauer
Mr. Dusko Trnicic
Minister of Environment and Physical Planning
Deputy Director, State Directorate for Water
Deputy Minister in Ministry for Public Works, Reconstruction and Construction
National Focal Point for the Water Convention, State Directorate for Water
Minister-Counsellor, Embassy of Croatia
Head, Department for International Investments, Croatian Waters
Head of Department for Hydrology, State Administration
Cuba
H.E. Mr. Jorge Luis Aspiolea Roig
Mr. Ugalde Teyra Minerva
Mr. Juan José Paretas
Minister, President, National Institute of Hydraulic Resources
Director International Division
Director, Research Centre
Cyprus
H.E. Mr. Costas Themistocleous
Mr. Christos Marcoullis
Mr. Nico Tsiourtis
Minister of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment
Director, Department for Water Management
Senior Hydraulic Engineer
Czech Republic
H.E. Mr. Milos Kuzvart
Dr. Jiri Hlavacek
Mr. Jaroslav Kinkor
Dr. Pavel Puncochar
Mrs. Marta Jelinkova
Director, International Relations Section, Ministry of Environment
Director, Department for the Protection of Waters, Ministry of Environment
Director,Department of Watermanagement Policy, Ministry of Agriculture
Delegate
Denmark
H.E. Mr. Jan Trojborg
162
Minister for Development Cooperation
Mr. Joergen Hartnack
Mr. Hans Hessel-Andersen
Mr. Pelle Lindegaard- Jorgensen
Minister Counsellor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Chief Adviser, MFA
Head of Department Ministry of Environment and Energy
Djibouti
H. E. Mr. Mohamad Ali Daoud
Mr. Abdoulkeder KamiL
Mr. Aboubakar Hassan
Minister of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Water
Director, National Water Office
Hydraulic Engineer
Dominica, Commonwealth of
H.E. Mr. Pierre Charles
Mr. Samuel Carette
Minister for Communications, Works and Housing
Permanent Secretary
Ecuador
H.E. Mr. Byron Morejon
H.E. Mrs. Dr. Yolanda Kakabadse
Mrs. María Gabriela Troya
Vice-President of Ecuador
Counsellor, Embassy of Ecuador
Egypt
H.E. Dr. Mahmoud Abu-Zeid
Dr. Khaled Abu Zeid
Dr. Bayoumi Attia
Dr. Hesham Mohamed Kandil
Dr. Salah Amer
Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation
Senior Official at the Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources
Head of Planning Sector, MoWR&I
Minister’s Office Director for Technology and Information
Dean of the Faculty of Law, Cairo University
Eritrea
H.E. Mr. Arefaine Berhe
Mr. Ghebremicael Hagos
Director General, Water Resources Department,Ministry of Land, Water and Environment
Estonia
Mr. Haary Luv
Deputy Director-General, Ministry of the Environment
Ethiopia
H.E. Mr. Ato Jarso Shiferaw
Dr. Mohamed Hagos
Mr. Seife Selassie Lemma
Mr. Teruneh Zenna
Dr. Abdelkhadir Risku
Chief Engineer, Ministry of Water Resources
Director Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister Counsellor, Ethiopian Embassy, Brussels
Consul General of Ethiopia, The Hague
European Bank For Reconstruction And Development
Dr. Johan Bastin
Mr. Thomas Maier
Business Group Director of Infrastructure
Deputy Director, MEF
European Commission
Mr. D. Grant Lawrence
Mr. Helmut Bloch
Director a.i., Environment Quality and Natural Resources
Head of Water Protection
Finland
H.E. Mrs. Satu Hassi
H.E. Mr. Pertti Harvola
Mr. Jukka Uosukainen
Mr. Timo Kotkasaari
Mr. Kalevi Ahti
Mrs. Lea Kauppi
Mrs. Hannele Nyroos
Mr. Kai Kaatra
Mrs. Sirkka Haunia
Mr. Tapio Wallenius
Mr. Risto TImonen
Mr. Eero Kontula
Satu Ravola
Dr. Esko Kuusisto
Minister for the Environment and for Development Cooperation
Director General, Ministry of the Environment (MEI)
Director General Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry (MAF)
Deputy Director General Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Director General Finnish Environment Institute (FEI)
Consultant Counsellor (MEI)
Director Water Resources Management, MAF
Director FEI
Special Advisor to Mrs. Hassi
Counsellor, WRM, MA&F
Adviser Water and Sanitation, MFA
Researcher, MFA
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
H.E. Mr. Jaques Diouf
Dr. Louise Fresco
Mr. Hans W. Wolther
Mr. Arumugam Kandiah
Mr. Jippe Hoogeveen
Director-General
Asst. Director-General, Agriculture Department
Director, Land and Water Development Division
Programme Manager IPTRID
Technical Officer
163
France
H.E. Mrs. Dominique Voynet
H.E. Mr. Bernard de Montferrand
Mr. Michel Mousel
Mrs. Laurence Tubiana
Mr. Jean-Paul Albertini
Mr. Laurent Roy
Mrs. Catherine Ortiz
Mr. Francois Casal
Mr. Philippe Guettier
Mr. Jean-Paul Rivaud
Mr. Francis Stephan
Mr. Philippe Chappe
Mr. Jean Andre
Mr. Michel Mesny
Mr. Jean-Jaques Rosec
Mrs. Elisabeth Mercier
Dr. Dominique Pladys
Mr. Yves Tatibouet
Mr. Christophe Paillard
Minister of Spatial Planning and the Environment
President, MIES
Counsel, Cabinet of the Prime Minister
Technical Advisor
Technical Advisor
Head, Bureau of European Affairs, Ministry of Spatial Planning and the Environment
Deputy Director for Water
Directorate for Water, Misistry of Spatial Planning and the Environment
Counsellor, Directorate Water
Deputy Director, International Cooperation and Environment
Office of Administration of Natural Resources, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Advisor, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
Advisor, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
Economic Counsellor, Embassy of France
Agricultural Attaché, Embassy of France
Scientific Attaché, Embassy of France
Transport, Equipment and Environment Attaché, Embassy of France
Attaché, Embassy of France
Gambia
H.E. Hassan Sallah
Mr. Papa A. Cham
Secretary of State of Agriculture
Director, Department of Water Resources
Georgia
H.E. Mrs. Nino Chkhobadze
H.E. Mr. Zurab Abashidze
Mr. Teimuraz Gamtsemlidze
Mr. Guivi Kalandadze
Minister-Counsellor, Embassy of Georgia
Deputy Chief, Ministry of Environment
Germany
H.E. Dr. Uschi Eid
H.E. Mr. E.U.B.J. von Puttkamer
Dr. Manfred Konukiewicz
Dr. Hanno Spitzer
Mr. Steffen Heizmann
Mrs Sybille Tepper
Dr. Fritz Holzwarth
Mr. Thomas Stratenwerth
Mrs. Dagmara Berbalk
Dr. Robert Holländer
Mr. Karl-Heinz Wittek
Dr. Eiko Lübbe
Mr. Stefan Helming
Dr. Jürgen Welschof
Mrs. Andrea Wiktorin
Parliamentary Secretary of the Federal Ministry for
Economic Cooperation and Development
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
Pers.assistant to Mrs. Eid
Federal Ministry for Environment
Foreign Ministry
Federal Ministry for Agriculture
German Foundation for Economic Cooperation
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (Bank for Reconstruction)
Embassy of Germany
Ghana
Hon. Alhaji Amadu Seidu
H.E. Dr. E. Brookman-Amissah
Mr. Charles Adjei
Mr. S.K. Dadey
Mr. E. Martey
Dr. Daniel Adom
Mr. S.A. DArkwa
Deputy Minister of Works and Housing
Managing Director, Ghana Water Company
Minister-Counsellor, Embassy of Ghana
Area Director, Ghana Water Cy.
Ag. Executive Secretary, Water Resources Commission
Chief Hydrologist, Ministry of Works and Housing
Mr. Mohamed T. E-Ashry
Mr. Hutton G. Archer
Mr. Toon Boon von Ochssée
Mr. Alfred Duda
Mr. Andrae Merla
164
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
Senior External Relations Coordinator
Institutional Specialist
Principal Environmental Specialist
Environmental Specialist
Greece
H.E. Dr. Sotirios Varouxakis
Mr. Elias Beriatos
Mr. Andreas Kambitsis
Mr. Theodore Rallis
Prof. Vasillios Christaras
Mr. Ioannis Vournas
Mrs. Eleni Giannopoulou
Mr. Loucas Georgalas
Mr. John Kouvopoulos
Secretary General of the Ministry of Environment, Urban Planning & Public Works
Expert, Ministry of Foreign Afairs
Attaché, Embassy of Greece
President, Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration(IGME)
Director General, Ministry of Environment, Urban Planning & Public Works
Environment expert, Ministry EUP&PW
Hydrogeologist, Ministry of Development
Civil Engineering-Hydrogologist Public Power Corporation
Guinea
H.E. Mr. Nyankoye Fassou Sagno
Mr. Cheick Oumar DIALLO
Minister of Hydraulics and Energy
Guinea-Bissau
H.E. Eng Francisco José Fernandes junior
Eng. Vicente Co
Minister for Natural Resource and Environment
Holy See
Rev. Dr. Steven Van der Grinten S.J.
Head of Delegation
Hungary
H.E. Mr. Kálmán Katona
Mr. Béla Hajos
Dr. Janos Borbély
Mr. András Hardy
Mr. Mihály Müller
Mr. Gyula Hollo
Mrs. Zsusza Steindl
Mrs. Maria Galambos
Mrs. Agnés Kresznóczki
Minister for Transport, Communications and Water
Deputy State Secretary for Water, Ministry for Transport,
Communications and Water (MTCW)
Assistant State Secretary, Ministry for Environment
Director General,International Cooperation, MTCW
Director General, Office for Press and Media, MTCW
Deputy Director General, Department for Water Management MTCW
Counsellor, Ministry for Environment
Counsellor, Ministry for Environment
Advisor/Translator MTCW
Iceland
H.E. Mr. Thorsteinn Palsson
India
H.E. Dr. C.P. Thakur
H.E. Mrs. B. Chakravarty
Mr. Z. Hasan
Mr. J. Vasudevan
Mr. R.S. Prasad
Mr. P.C. Lau
Dr. S.K. Sharma
Mr. Gunjan Prasad
Mr. M.G.V.K. Bhanu
Minister of State of Water Resources
Secretary of Water Resources
Additional Secretary of Power
Member (WP), Central Water Commission
Director General National Water Development Agency
Member, Central Ground Water Board
OSD to Minister Thakur
PS to Mrs. Chakravarty
Indonesia
H.E. Dr. Sonny A. Keraf
Mr. Hendra Sepiawan
State Minister for the Environment
Advisor to the Minister, Deputy Controller for Pollution
Inter-American Development Bank
Mr. Antonio Vives
Mr. Luis E. Garcia
Deputy Manager Sustainable Development Department
Principal Hydrologist and Water Resources Specialist,
Environment Division, Sustainable Development Department
International Atomic Energy Agency
Mr. Peter J. Gowin
Division of Nuclear Power
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
H.E. Mr. Habibollah Bitaraf
H.E. Mr. Rasol Zargarpour
Mr. Abbasgholi Jahani
Mr. Peyman Badii
Mr. Abolghasem Rahmanie Deputy,
Mr. Seaid Ahmad Abrishamchi
Mr. Morteza Ghanoun
Mr. Saeed Neirizi
Mr. Mohammad Reza Bayanolhagh
Minister of Energy
Deputy Minister of Energy, Water Affairs
Director-General, Water Management
Researching Deputy, Management Organisation
Water Engineering and Sewage Co.
Director, Water Group, Sharif Industrial University
Director,International Cooperation Office,Ministry of Energy
Ministry of Energy
Ministry of Energy
165
Iraq
Mr. Abdul Sattar Hussain
Mr. Fahmi F. Wahhab al Kaisi
Mr. Mahdi S. Mahdi
Mr. Salim M.A. Ahmad
Deputy to the Minister of Irrigation
Minister plenipotentiary
Attaché
Director, Ministry of Irrigation
Ireland
Mr. John Swift
Mr. John Morahan
First Secretary, Embassy of Ireland
Islamic Development Bank
Dr. Bashir Omar Fadlallah
Dr. Karim Allaoui
Advisor, Operations, Planning and Coordination
Technical Assistant to the Vice-President Operations
Israel
H.E. Mr. Shimon Peres
Mr. Yossi Gall
Mr. Ivry Verbin
Mr. Zeev Boker
Mr. Ilan Fluss
Mrs. Netta Shavit
Minister of Regional Cooperation
Adviser to the Minister of Regional Cooperation
Counsellor, Embassy of Israel
Press Attaché, Embassy of Israel
Head of Administration and Consul, Embassy of Israel, The Netherlands
Italy
H.E. Mr. Valerio Calzolaio
H.E. Mr. Giorgio Testori
Mr. Walter Mazzitti
Mr. Canio Loguercio
Mrs. Caterina Sollazzo
Mrs. Viviana Bianco
Mrs. Eugenia Ferragina
Mr. Giuseppe Cavagna
UnderSecretary of State for Environment
President of Interministerial Commission for Mediterranean Water
Scientific Commission, Ministry of Environment
Director for Waters, Ministry of Environment
Ministry of Environment
Expert, Institute for Mediterranean Economy
First Secretary, Embassy of Italy, The Netherlands
IUCN, the World Conservation Union
Mrs. Maritta Koch
Mr. Gert Bergkamp
Mr. Jean-Yves Pirot
Mr. Geoffrey Howard
Mr. Ruud Jansen
Mr. Mac Mercer
Mr. Wouter Veening
Director
Water Resources Specialist
Head of Wetlands and Water Programme
Coordinator Eastern Africa Wetlands Programme
Director IUCN Botswana
Director IUCN Canada
Director IUCN, The Netherlands
Jamaica
H.E. Mr. Thorant Hardware
Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Water
Japan
H.E. Mr. Fumio Kishida
Mr. Seiya Kinoshita
Mr. Tatsuo Hamaguchi
Mr. Hideaki Oda
Mr. Mikita Kusuda
Mr. Yoshyuki Imamura
Mr. Goro Yasuda
Mr. Masaharu Yagishita
Mr. Motokazu Iwata
Mr. Shinnichi Arai
Mr. Jiro Okamura
Mr. Hironobu Yasumura
Mr. Kensuke Sakino
Mr. Yasuhiro Morioka
Mr. Toshiyuki Kano
Mr. Tomoo Inoue
Mr. T. Hayama
Mr. Masato Toyama
Mr. Hirotaka Hiyama
Mr. Ken Yoneyama
166
Vice Minister of Construction
Director of River Planning Coordination Division, Ministry of Construction (MoC)
Director of Water Resources Planning Division, National Land Agency
Former Director-General, River Bureau, MoC
Secretary of the Vice Minister
Deputy Director River Planning Division, River Bureau
Bureau Deputy Director River Development Division, River
Director General Environmental Training Institute
Head Office of Groundwater and Ground Environment, Water Quality Bureau
Director, Office of Water Quality Management, MH&W
Assistant Director Water Supply Division, MH&W
Director, Irrigation and Drainage Division, MAF&F
Deputy Director Measures for Reservoir Area Development Division, NLA
Director Engineering Division, Japanese Sewerage
Director Second Research Department, IDI
Planning director, Japan Dam Engineering Center
Delegate
CTI Engineering Co, Ltd
Mrs. Akiko Shinoda
Mrs. Sachiko Tanaka
Interpreter
Interpreter
Jordan
H.E. Mr. Kamel Mahadin
Dr. Hazim Al-Naser
Mr. Eduard Qanqur
Mr. Hisam AL-Maharmeh
Minister of Water and Irrigation
Secretary General, Ministry of Water and Irrigation
Director, Department for Water Planning and Supply
Head,Public relations Department
Kazakhstan
H.E. Mr. Serikbek Daukeyev
Mr. A.M. Ramazanov
Mr. J.K. Isin
Mr. Bulat Yessekin
Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
Chairman, Committee for Water Resources
Member, Committee for Environmental Protection
Director of the National Environment Center for Sustainable Development
Kenya
H.E. Mr. Kipng’engo
Arap NG’eny Egh Mp Kiribati
H.E. Manraio Kaiea
Mr. Francis Ngalu
Mr. Peter Iabeta
Minister for Water
Minister of Works and Energy
Permanent Secretary for Works and Energy
Chief Engineer
Korea, Republic of
H.E. Mr. Dong-soo Jung
Vice-Minister of Environment
Kuwait
H.E. Dr. Adel Khalid AL-Subeeh
H.E. Mr. Khalaf Abass Khalaf
Mr. Yousof M.A.AL-Hajeri
Mr. Khalid H.A.N. AL-Farhoud
Mr. Faisal Y.S.M. AL-Modaf
Mr. Waleed M.Y.J. Al-Saleem
Mr. Abdulaziz J. AL-Sumait
Minister of Electricity and Water, State Minister for Housing Affairs
Assistant Under Secretary for Operation and
maintenance of Electricity Power Stations, Water Distillation
Assistant Under Secretary for Water Operation and Maintenance
Assistant Under Secretary for Electricity Power Stations and Water Distillatio
Assistant Under Secretary for Cooperation and Follow-up
Deputy Chief Ministry of Electricity and Water
Kyrgyzstan
H.E. Mr. Tynybek Alykulov
Mr. Muktarbek Sulaimanov
Mr. K. Beshikeev
Minister
Head of International Cooperation Board
Director-General of Water Resources Department of
Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
H.E. Mr. Noulinh Sinbandhit
Mrs. Keo Bang Akeola
Acting President, Science and Technology Agency
Deputy Director-General, Prime Minister’s Office
Latvia
H.E. Mr. Karlis Eihenbaums
Mr. Einars Cilinskis
Mr. Andris Sekacis
Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development
Second Secretary, Latvian Embassy
Lebanon
H.E.Mr. Suleiman Traboulsi
H.E. Mr. Michel EL-khoury
Mr. Selim Kcatafago
Mr. Bassam Jaber
Mr. Jospeh EL-Matni
Minister of Hydraulic and Electric Resources
Ambassador of Lebanon to The Netherlands
Delegate
Delegate
Information Officer
Lesotho
H.E. Mr. Monyane Moleleki
Minister of Natural Resources
Liberia
Mr. Roger B. Woodson
Mr. John K. Kpakolo
Managing Director, Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation (LWSC)
Deputy Managing Director LWSC
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Mr. Omar Ahmed Salim
Mr. S.A. Elmesallati
Mr. A. Ali Berbash.
Secretary of General board of Water, G.S.P.L.A.J.
Charge d’Affaires, People’s Bureau of the GSPLAJ
Counsellor, Economic dept People’s Bureau of the GSPLAJ
Lithuania
Mr. Danius Lygis
Mr. Simonas Valatka
Counsellor to the Minister
167
Luxembourg
H.E. Mr. Michel Wolter
H.E. Mr. Charles Goerens
H.E. Mr.Marc Courte
Mr. Jean-Paul Conzemius
Mr. Paul Hansen
Mr. Jean Paul Munchen
Minister of the Interior
Minister of the Environment
First Government Counsellor, Ministry of the Interior
Director,Environment Administration
Minister Plenipotentiary, Embassy of Luxembourg
Macedonia
H.E. Mr. Marjan Gorcev
Mr. Petre Mitev
Mr. Voislav Popov
Mr. Aleksander Lepavcov
Mr. Andrej Lepavcov
Mrs. Ljubica Trencevska
Mr. Sasko Tasulov
Minister for Agriculture Forestry and Water Management
Chargé d’Affaires, Embassy of Macedonia, The Netherlands
Director of Water Management
Director,Fund for Water
Scientific Collaborator, Water Economy Institute
Senior Advisor, Ministry of Agriculture
Second Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Madagascar
H.E. Mr. Charles Rasoza
Mr. Jean H.Rakotondraihibe
Minister of Energy and Mines
Technical Advisor
Malawi
H.E. Mr. Yusuf Mwawa
Mr. A.B. Chirwa
Mr. Hebert Kaludzu
Mr.Pepani Kaluwa
Minister of Water Development
Chief Hydrologist
Personal Assistant to the Minister
Principal Hydrologist
Malaysia
H.E. Datuk Mohd Effendi
H.E. Mr. A. Ganapathy
Prof. Dr. Abdul Aziz Abdul
Mr. Dato’ Mohd Rosli Aziz
Mr. Dato’ Ir. Haji Abullah Keizrul
Ir. Mohd. Azhari Ghazalli
Ir. Dr. Azuhan Mohamad
Mr. Mustafa Muda
Mr. Zakaria Kamaruddin
Mr. Raja Nazrin Raja Aznam
Mr. Abdul Latiff Kader
Minister of Agriculture NORWAWI
Advisor to the Minister of Agriculture
Managing Director, Agricultural Bank of Malaysia
Director General of the Department of Irrigation and Drainage
Director, Corporate Development Department of Irrigation and Drainage
Head of the Resource Development Unit,Department of Irrigation and Drainage
Special Officer to Minister of Agriculture
Commercial Counsellor, Embassy of Malaysia, The Netherlands
First Secretary Embassy of Malaysia, The Netherlands
Second Secretary Embassy of Malaysia, Netherlands
Maldives
H.E. Mr. Ismail Shafeeu
Mr. Abdulla Abdul Fatthah
Mr. Mohamed Khaleel
Minister of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment
Director Maldives Water and Sanitation Authority
Director Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment
Mali
Mr. Harimakan Keita
Mr. Malick Alhousseini
National Director of Hydraulics
Technical Counsellor
Malta
H.E. Mr. Francis Zammit Dimech
Mr. Louis Vella
Mr. Antoine Riolo
Mr. Joseph Farrugia
Environment Protection
Water Services
Secretary
Mauritania, Islamic Republic of
H.E. Cheikh Ahmed Ould Zahaf
Mr. Saadou Ebih Ould Mohamed el Hacen
Minister of Hydraulics and Energy
Technical Counsellor
Mauritius
Mr. Krishnasamy Ponnusamy
Permanent Secretary of theMinistry of Public Utilities
Mexico
Eng.Guillermo Guerrero Villalobos
H.E. Mr. Ignacio Pichardo Pagaza
Eng. Cesar Herrera Toledo
Ing. Ruben Barocio Ramuel
Mr. Alberto Jaime Paredes
Ing. Gerardo Izzo Rivera
168
Director General
Mexican Commission of Water
Personal Assistant of the Director General
Moçambique
H.E. Henrique Constantino Cossa
Eng. Manuel Joaquim Carrilho Alvarinho
Mr. Simao Muhai
Dr. Americo Muiaga
Eng. Susana da Graca Saranga
Dr. Eng. Alvaro Joséda Fatima de Carmo Vaz
Vice-Minister of Public Works and Housing
President, CRA
Director General
National Director of Water
Chief of Department
Consultant
Moldova
H.E. Mr. A. Jolondcovschi
H.E. Mr. Ion Capatina
Mr. Andrei Dragancea
Vice Minister, Director, Environmental Department,
Ministry of Environment and Territorial Development
First Secretary, Embassy of Moldova, The Netherlands
Mongolia
Mr. Davaa Basandorj
Permanent Secretary, National Water Committee
Morocco
H.E. Mr. Bouamor Taghouan
H.E. Dr. N.Benomar Alami
Mr. Mokhtar Bzioui
Mr. Abdelhamid Mouharrar
Mr. Azzeddine Farhane
Mr. Mohamed Ait kadi
Mr. Mustapha Geanah
Mr. Abdelmajid EL Hebil
Mr. Bendaoued Boughnouch
Mr. Lahoussine Akrajai
Mr. Ahmed Hajji
Mr. Abdelali Zerouali Onep
Mr. M. EL Achkar (MA.Eng)
Minister of Equipment
Director of Research and Water Planning
Counsellor, Embassy of Morocco
Counsellor, Embassy of Morocco
Secrétaire Général du Ministère de l’Agriculture
Director of the Agency of the Oum-Er-Rbia Hydraulic Basin
Director of the Hydraulic Region of Tensift-Marrakech
Director of the Hydraulic Region of Sebou-Fès
Director of the Hydraulic Region of Souss Massa-Agadir
Director of Planning and Development, National Drinking Water Office ONEP
(Office National de l’Eau Potable)
Commercial director
Consultant
Namibia
Dr. Vaino Shivute
Mr. Piet Heyns
Permanent Secretary for Agriculture, Water and Rural Development
Director of Resources Management of Water Affairs
Nepal
H.E. Mr. Bal Bahadur kc
H.E. Mr. K.B. Shrestha
Dr. Ramesh Ananda Vaidya
Mr. Dhruva Bahadur Shresta
Mr. Poorna Bhadra Adiga
Minister for Housing and Physical Planning
Member, National Planning Commission
Joint Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning
Executive Director, Social Economic and Environmental Division,
Water and Energy Commission Secretariat
Kingdom of The Netherlands
H.E. Mrs. Monique de Vries
H.E. Mr. Jan Pronk
H.E. Mr. C.P. Haseth
H.E. Mr. A.G. Croes
H.E. Mrs. Annelies Verstand
Mr. C.D. James
Mr. Dik Tromp
Mrs. Els M. de Wit
Prof Willem J. Kakebeeke
Mr. Kees van Laarhoven
Mr. Frits Thissen
Dr. Harrie Paul
Ms. Nicolette Bouman
Mr. Lisander Lantain
Acting Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment
Minister Plenipotentiary of The Netherlands Antilles
Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba
State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment
Deputy Director, Cabinet of the Minister Plenipotentiary of The Netherlands Antilles
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
New Zealand
H.E. Mr. Christopher Butler
Nicaragua
Mrs. Melia Silva CAbrera
Ing. Guillermo Leclair Enacal Guevara
Chargé d’Affaires a.i., Embassy of Nicaragua, The Netherlands
Planning Manager
169
Niger
H.E. Mr.Elhadji Akoli Daouel
Mr. Abdoulaye Oumarou
Mr. Bako Yacouba
Minister of Water
Inspector General of Water Resources
Nigeria
H.E. Mr. Mohammed Bello Kaliel
Mr. Jibril A. Hanidu
Mr. Inua K. Musa
Mr. Mustapha Bukar
Mr. Marcus Gundiri
Mrs. Ifeoma Nzegwu
Mr. Shehu Dan-Iya Abdulkadir
Mr. Wakil Bukar
Mr. Salisu Abdelmumini
Minister of Water
Director, Hydrology and Hydrogeology
Director, Irrigation & Drainage
Director, Water Supply & Quality Control
Director, Dams & Reservoir Operations
Managing Director Hadejia Jama’arerbda
Managing Director Chad Basin Development Authority
Director National Water Resources Institute
Norway
Mrs. Mona E. Brother
H.E. Mr. Jan Flatla
Mrs. Mari Skare
Mr. Kjell Glomnes
Mrs. Mie Bjoennes
Mrs. Kari Bjornsgaard
Mrs. Kari Skogen
Mrs. Mona Gleditsch
Mr. M. Svelle
Mr. A. Tollan
Mr. Aslak Brun
Deputy Director General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Principal Officer, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Director General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Executive Officer, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Assistant Director General, Directorate of Development Cooperation
Senior Advisor Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate
Chief Engineer Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate
Secretary of Norwegian Embassy
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development)
Mrs. Joke Waller-Hunter
Mr. Eija Kiiskinen
Director for Environment
Non-Member Countries Branch, Environment Directorate
Oman
H.E. Mr. Hamad bin Sa’id Muhammed Al-Aufi Minister of Water Resources
Eng. Aley bin Ahmed AL-Marjeby
Director General, Water Resources Evaluation, Ministry of Water Resources
Eng. Anjab bin Moh.Sajwani
Controller Supervisor General Information Public Awareness Centre,
Mr. Hashil bin Habib AL-Hassani
Head of the Minister’s Office
Pakistan
Mr. Amir A. Shadani
Mr. Moazzam A. Khan
Charge d’Affaires, Embassy of Pakistan, The Netherlands
First Secretary, Embassy of Pakistan
Palestinian Authority
H.E. Mr. Nabil Shareef
H.E. Mr. Yousef Habbab
Mr. Fadel Kawash
Mr. Bader Abu Zahra
Dr. Jaafar Shaddid
Mr. Yussef Dorkhom
Mr. Nidal AL Halabi
Head of the Palestinian Water Authority
Ambassador, General Delegate of Palestine in The Netherlands
Deputy Head, Palestinian Water Authority
Water Specialist, Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation
Counsellor, Economic and Commercial Affairs
Attaché
Panama
Mr. Ricardo Anguizola
Mrs. Maria Concepcíon Donoso
Director General, National Environment Authority
Director, Water Centre for the Wet Tropics in Latin America and the Caribbean
Paraguay
H.E. Mr. Manuel María Caceres
Mr. Didier Olmedo
Mr. Oscar Benitez Estrago
Mr. Eduardo J. von Glasenapp
Minister, Embassy of Paraguay
Consul General of Paraguay
First Secretary of Embassy
Peru
H.E. Mr. Carlos R. Ollé Nava
H.E. Eng. Carlos Luna Conroy
H.E. Mr. V.Azula de la Guerre
Dr. Josefina Takahashi
170
Vice-Minister of Infrastructure
Vice-Minister of Agriculture
Head, National Institute of Natural Resources (INRENA)
Mrs. Chr.Ronquillo de Blodorn
Mr. Gino Arciniega Luces
Minister Counsellor,Embassy of Peru
First Secretary, Embassy of Peru
Philippines
H.E. Mr. Edgardo Angara
Mr. Jesli A. Lapus,
Mrs. Donna Z. Gasgonia
Mr. Eduardo M.R. Menez
Secretary of Agriculture
Dpa Chairman Central Luzon Congressional Bloc
Secretary of the National Anti-Poverty Commission
Second Secretary and Vice Consul, Embassy of The Philippines, The Netherlands
Poland
H.E. Mr. Antoni Tokarczuk
H. E. Mr. Jerzy Widzuk
Mr. Przemyslaw Nowak
Mr. Piotr Szwarc
Mr. Jacek Jaskiewicz
Mr. Jerzy Iwanicki
Mr. Janusz Zaleski
Mr. Jan Winter
Mr. Ryszard Skarbek
Head of Chancery of the Prime Minister
Head, Political Cabinet, Ministry of the Environment
Director, Office for Flood Damage Recovery, Chancery of the Prime Minister
Deputy Director, Department of Foreign Cooperation, Ministry of the Environment
Deputy Director, Department of Water Resources, Ministry of the Environment
Coordinator, Programme ODRA 2006 Office for Flood Damage Recovery in Wroclaw,
Chancery of the Prime Minister
Director, Office for Flood Damage Recovery in Wroclaw, Chancery of the Prime Minister
Director, Environmental Impact Assessment Programme Office,
Portugal
Mr. José Sócrates
Mr. Eng. Carlos Mineiro Aires
Prof. Antonio Goncalves Henriques
Prof. Veiga da Cunha
Minister for the Environment and Land Use Planning
President of the Institute of Water
Vice-president of the Institute of Water
Qatar
Eng. F.Mubarak AL-Dulaimi
Mr. Adel-Monem Aheme Darwish
Director of Water Networks Department, Ministry of Energy, Industry, Electricity and Water
Deputy Head of Water Distribution Section,
Ministry of Energy, Industry, Electricity and Water
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
Mr. Delmar Blasco
Mr. Nicholas Davidson
Mr. Faizal Parish
Secretary General
Deputy Secretary General
River Basins Advisor
Romania
H.E. Mr. Romica Tomescu
H.E. Mr. Mihnea Motoc
Mr. Liviu Paunescu
Mrs. Maria Beatrice Popescu
Mr. Aurel Geamanu
Mrs. Ligia Tinca
Mr. Ovidiu Agliceru
Mr. Liviu Popescu
Mrs. Olguta Marian
Minister of Water, Forest and Environmental Protection
Minister-Counsellor (Economic), Embassy of Romania
Head, International Cooperation Division, National Company of Romanian Waters (CNAR)
Economic Director, CNAR
Director, Waters Directorate for Ialomita & Buzau Counties
Deputy Director-General, CONEL-HIDR.OELECTRICA S.A.
Head, Monitoring Division Institute for Water Research and Engineering
First Secretary, Embassy of Romania
Russian Federation
H.E. Mr. N.N. Micheev
Vice-Minister for Natural Resources
Rwanda
Mrs. Mugorenejo Patricia Hajabakiga
Mr. Sylvère Munyaneza
Mr. Bruno Mwanafunzi
Mr. Frank Rutabingwa
Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Lands, Human Settlement and Environmental Protection
Director of Town and Country Planning, Prime Minister’s Office
Director
Head of Policy and Advocacy Division, Ministry of Lands,
Human Settlement and Environmental Protection
Saint Lucia
H.E. Senator Calixte George
Mr. Joseph Alexander
Mr. Cletus Sprinjer
Minister of Communications, Works, Transport and Public Utilities
Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Communications,
Works, Transport and Public Utilities
Member of delegation
Samoa
H.E. Mr. Matataualiitia Afa LESA
Mr. Latu Sauluitga KUPA
Mr. Leiataua Isikuki PUNIVALY
Minister of Public Works and Chairperson, Board of Samoa Water Authority
General Manager, Samoa Water Authority
Director, Public Works and Deputy Chairperson Board of Samoa Water Authority
171
Sao Tomé et Principe
Mr. Osvaldo Cravid Viegas D’Abreu
Directorate of Natural Resources and Energy
Saudi Arabia
Mr.Dr. Hamoud M. AL-Thobaiti
Mr.Ahmed S.Y. Al-Zahrani
Senegal
H.E. Mr. Mamadou Faye
Mr. Mahmoudou Cheikh Kane
Mr. Abdou Sourang
Minister of Hydrology
Chargé d’Affaires, Embassy of Senegal, Brussels
First Counsellor, Embassy of Senegal
Singapore
H.E. Mr. Lim Swee Say
H.E. Mr. A. Selverajah
Mr. Ong Ho Sim
Mr. Chan Yoon Kum
Mr. Chiew Choon Peng
Mrs. Lai Wei Lin
Minister of State for Trade and Industry
Chief Executive, Public Utilities Board
Director, Public Utilities Board
Chief Engineer, Public Utilities Board
Assistant Director, Water and Productivity, Ministry of Trade and Industry
Slovak Republic
H.E. Prof. László Miklós
Mr. Milan Matuška
Dr. Pavel Petrovic
Minister of the Environment
Head, Water Protection Department
Water Research Institute
Slovenia, Republic of
H. E. Mr. Franci Steinman D.Sc.
Mr. Mitja Bricelj
Mr. Vahtar Marta
State Secretary, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning
Counsellor to the Government
Director, Institute for Integral Development and Environment
South Africa
H.E. Mr. Ronnie Kasrils mp
Mrs.Kasrils
H.E. Mr. Kader Asmal
H.E. Mrs. R. Mabudafasi
Mrs. B.P. Sonjica
Mrs. C. Duddley
Mrs. M.L. Ngwenya
Rev. P. Moatshe
Mrs. J.N. Vilakazi
Mrs. B. Thompson
H.E. Mr. C.G. Niehaus
Mr. A.D. LE Roux
Mr. T. Seokolo
Mrs. Ayanda Mdala
Mr. Mike Muller
Dr. E. Mokeyane
Mrs. Tamie Mpotula
Mr. Reggie Tekateka
Mr. Fawcett Ngoatje
Mr. Z. Sikwane
Dr. Paul Roberts
Mr. Desogen Naidoo
Mrs. B. Schreiner
Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry
Minister of Education
Minister of Environmental Affairs
Counsellor, Embassy of South Africa
First Secretary, Embassy of Sotuh Africa, The Netherlands
Personal Assistant to Mrs. Mabudafasi
Director-General of Water Affairs
Ministerial Advisor to Minister Kasrils
Chief Director
Director
Director
Deputy Director
Deputy Director-General
Director.
World Commission on Dams
Spain
Mr.s Isabel Tocino
H.E. Mr. J. Pons Irazazabal
Mrs. M.Teresa Bernedo Arzak
Mr. Carlos Ecartin Hernandez
Mr. Javier Rubio de Urquia
Mr. J.M. Santafe Martinez
Mr. Manual Varela Sanchez
Director General, Cabinet of the Minister
Director General for Water Works & Water Quality
Senior Advisor, Cabinet of the Minister
Head of Unit for Water Plans and Programmes
Senior Official of Hydrogeology
Sri Lanka
H.E. General Anuruddha
Mr. Jaliya Medagama
172
Minister of Irrigation and Power
Secretary, Ministry of Irrigation and Power
Mr. Ranjith Ratnayake
Mr. W. Pedige Jinadasa
Director, Water Resources Department, Ministry of Irrigation and Power
Director-General, Department of Irrigation
Sudan
H.E. Eng.Kamal Ali Mohamed
Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Adam
Mr. Abdelhalim Fatih
Mr. Ahmed Yousif Fadlalla
Mr. M.E. Ibrahim
Minister of Irrigation and Water Resources
Under Secretary of Irrigation and Water Resources
Director General
Counsellor, Embassy to The Netherlands
Suriname
H.E. Mr. L.A.E. Alibux
Mr. J.H. Abdul
Minister of Natural Resources
Director Energy, Mines and Water Supply
Syria
Mr. Hikmat Toufaha
Mr. Abdul Aziz Al-Masri
Director for Water Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Director, Communal Water Resources, Ministry of Irrigation
Sweden
H.E.Mr. Kjell Larsson
H.E. Mrs. Gun-Britt Andersson
H.E. Mr. Lennart Alvin
Mr. Johan Cedergren
Mrs. Sussanne Jacobsson
Mr. Johan Kuylenstierna
Mr. Jakob Ström
Mr. Anders Berntell
Mr. Bengt Johansson
Mrs. Annette Törnquist
Mr. Per Anderman
State Secretary for Development Cooperation,
Migration and Asylum Policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Director General for Development Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Deputy Director, Development Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Expert, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Head of Section, Ministry for the Environment
Head of Section, Ministry for the Environment
Head of Division, Swedish International Development Authority
Press Secretary, Ministry for the Environment
Minister, Deputy Head of Mission
Switzerland
H.E. Mr. Philippe Roch
H.E. Beat Nobs
Mrs. Dora Rapold
Mr. Edwin Müller
Mr. Armon Hartmann
Mr. Ulrich Sieber
Mrs. Sibylle vermont
State Secretary, Director of the Swiss Agency for the Environment,
Forests and Landscape, SAEFL
Ambassador, Head of International Affairs Division, SAEFL
Head of Division, Direction of Development and Cooperation
Head of Section, SAEFL
Head of Section, Direction of Development and Cooperation
Senior Scientific Advisor
Senior Scientific Advisor
Tadjikistan
H.E. Mr. A. Nazirov
Tanzania
H.E. Mr. Mussa S.K. Nkhangaa
H.E. Mr. Ali A. Karume
Mr. Mrisho M. Kivugu
Minister for Water (MP)
Director, Water Resources Department
Thailand
H.E. Mr. Savit Bhotiwihok
Mr. Chakorn Suchiva
Mr. Prinya Nakchudtree
Mr. Charoon Kamolratana
Mr. Wanchai Ghooprasert
Mr. M.L. Chanaphun Kridakorn
Mr. Siripong Hungspreug
Mrs. Sukontha Aekaraj
Minister to the Prime Minister’s Office,
Vice Chairman of the National Water Resources Committee
Chargé d’ Affaires a.i., Royal Thai Embassy to The Netherlands
Director-General, the Royal Irrigation Department,
Ministry of the Interior, Chairman, the Provincial Waterworks Authority
Chief Engineer (Executive Advisor in Project Planning), the Royal Irrigation Department,
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Governor, the Provincial Waterworks Authority
Deputy Governor Hydro-Plant, The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Director, Office of Budget Programming and Project Planning,
The Royal Irrigation Department
Director, Research and Foreign Relations Branch, office of
the National Water Resources Committee, Secretariat of the Prime Minister
Togo
H.E. Mr. Dama Dramani
Minister of Transport and Hydraulic Resources
173
Mr. Kpandia-Ismaël
Mr. Derman Assouma
Mr. Kossi Hodin
Mr. Anani Kokou Nyawouame
Director General, National BINGUITCHA-FARE Water Company of Togo
Director general for Hydraulics and Energy
Head, Hydrologic Division
Minister Counsellor, Embassy to The Netherlands
Trinidad and Tobago
H.E. Ganga Singh
Minister of Public Utilities
Tunesia
H.E. Mr. Ameur Horchani
H.E. Mr. Abdelmajid Baouab
Mr. Lassaad Ben Lamine
Mr. Bacha Mohamed
Secretary of State in charge of Hydraulic Resources and Fisheries
Counsellor, Embassy of Tunisia
Delegate
Turkey
H.E. Mr. Cumhur Ersumër
H.E. Mr. Aydan Karahan
Mr. Erdem Saker
Prof. Dr. Dogan Altinbilek
Mr. Dinçer Kulga
Mr. Cuma Çakmak
Mrs. Oya Bumin Kurusakiz
Mr. Tolga Uncu
Mr. Adnan Altay Altinörs
Mr. Tamer Hezer
Mr. Kadir Önder Öner
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
Advisor, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
General Director of State Hydraulic Works Mr. Suna GÜNEL
Protocol Director, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
Head of Planning Department, General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works
Deputy Head of Planning Department, General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works
Chief of Section, Foreign Relations Department, Ministry of Environment
First Secretary, Embassy of Turkey, The Hague
Water Consultant, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Delegate
Interpreter
Turkmenistan
Mr. T. Altiev
Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Water Management
Uganda
H.E. Mrs Specioza Wandira Kazibwe
H.E. Mr. Henry Muganwa Kajura
Dr. D.S. Muduuli
Prof. Y. Okedi
Mr. Patrick O. Kahangire
Dr. Aryamanya-Mugisha
Mr. Lewis D. Balinda
Eng. Sottie M. Bomukama
Mr. Nsubuga Senfuma
Mr. R. Kasozi Mugoya
Mrs. Lucy Nakyobe
Mr. R.J. Tagaswire
Mrs. B. Wandira
Vice President of Uganda
Minister of Water, Lands and Environment
Ag. Principal Private Secretary to Mrs Kazibwe
Executive Director, National Environment Management Authority
Director Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment
Deputy Executive Director, National Environment Management Authority
Chargé d’Affaires, a.i. Embassy to The Netherlands
Commissioner, Water Supplies Department
Commissioner, Water Resources Department
Protocol Officer
Trip Admin
ADC
Housekeeper
Ukraine
H.E. Mr. Volodymir Bratishko
H.E. Mr. Yuriy Samoylenko
H.E. Mr. Anatolii Burmakov
Mr. Olexander Mazurkevich
Mr. Volodymir Bilokon
Mr. Ruslan Marutovskiy
Mr. Igor Iskra
Mr. Igor Kyrylchuk
First Deputy Minister of the Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety
Chargé d’Affairs, Embassy in The Hague
Head of Department, Ministry for the Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety
Deputy Head, Ministry for the Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety
Assistant-consultant, Ukrainian Parliament
Technical Coordinator IDR.C
Head, Ukrainian Youth League
United Arab Emirates
H.E. Mr. S.Bin M.AL-Shamsi
Mr. Yahia Abdel Karim Abdulla
Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Saleh
Undersecretary of the Ministry of Electricity and Water
Director of Financial Affairs
Director of Department of Water Distribution
United Kingdom
H.E. Mrs. Clare Short
Mr. John Hodges
Mr. Chris Austin
Mr. Ian Curtis
Mrs. Ann Godfrey
Mr. Peter Hayes
174
Secretary of State, Department for International Development (DFID)
Chief Engineering Advisor, DFID
Private Secretary of the Minister, DFID
Senior Water Advisor, DFID
Head, Water Conservation, Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions
Environment Policy Department Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Mr. Vic Cocker
Mr. Ravi Narayanan
Mr. George Fleming
Group Chief Executive, Severn Trent Water
Chief Director, Water Aid
President, Institute of Civil Engineers
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
Mr. Gouridankar Ghosh
Chief, Water, Environment and Sanitation
United Nations Development Programme
Mr. Roberto Lenton
Mr. Philip Reynolds
Mr. Ingvar Andersson
Mr. Frank Hartvelt
Director, Sustainable Energy and Environment Division
Senior Adviser
Senior Freshwater Advisor, Water Programme,
Consultant, Water Programme
United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs
Mr. Manuel Dengo
Mr. Claude Sauveplane
Mr. Jacob Burke
Mr. Frederico Neto
Chief, Water Resources Management Branch
Water Adviser
Water Adviser
Division of Sustainable Development
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Mr. K.Y. Amoako
Mrs. Elene Makonnen
Mr. S.M. Donkor
Mr. A. Hoque
Executive Secretary
Senior Programme Advisor
Delegate
Delegate
U.N. Economic and Social Commission for Asia & the Pacific
Mr. Cengiz Ertuna
Chief, Environment and Natural Resources Development Division
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
Mr. Kaj Barlund
Mr. Rainer Enderlein
Mr. Branco Bosnjakovic
Director, Environment and Human Settlements Division
Advisor
Advisor
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
Mr. Koichiro Matsuura
Mr. Mauricio Iaccarino
Mr. Andras Szollosi-Nagy
Mr. Janos Bogardi
Director-General
Assistant Director-General
Secretary of the IHP
Senior Water Expert
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Dr. Klaus Topfer
Mr. D. Dunn
Mr. H. Dramme
Mrs. Veerle Vandeweerd
Mr. Teniere-Buchot
Mr. A. Renlund
Executive Director, Representing the Secretary-General of the United Nations
Personal Assistant to the ED
Deputy Director Policy Division
Coordinator GPA-Office
Senior Advisor
Press Officer
U.N. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Mr. Axel Dourojeanni
Chief of Natural Resources Division
United Nations University (UNU)
Dr. J. A. van Ginkel
Rector
H.E. Mr. Frank E. Loy
H.E. Mrs. Cynthia P. Schneider
Mr. Jonathan Margolis
Mr. David Hales
Mr. Aaron Salzberg
Dr. Charles A. Lawson
Mr. Edward E. Fendley
Mr. Alan Hurdus
Mrs. Melanne A.Civic
Mrs. Sharon Murray
Mrs. Anna Lenox
Mr. William Shampine
Mr. John d’Aniello
Mr. Jerome Dellipriscoli
Under Secretary of State for Global Bureau
Ambassador of U.S. to The Netherlands
Office Director OES/PCI, Department of State
Director, Global Environmental Center
Physical Sciences Administrative Officer, Department of State
Senior Advisor for Science and Technology, Office of the Peace Process, Bureau of near
Eastern Affairs, Department of State
Special Assistant to the Under Secretary
Team Leader, Water Team, Global Environment Center,
U.S. Agency for International Coperation (USAID)
Analyst Global Environment Center, USAID
Deputy Chief, International Water Resources Branch, U.S. Geological Survey
Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey
Principal Assistant Public Works U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Senior Advisor U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
175
Mr. Ronald Neil Hoffer
Mrs. Stephanie Adrian
Mr. Michael S. Hood
Mr. G.D. Robbins
Mrs. M. Gronheid
Mr. O.G. Desoto
Mr. J. Starnes
Mr. E. Stakhiv
Mr. Stephen R. Rounds
Mrs. Astrid Bharos
Mr. R.S. Parrish
Senior Advisor for Federal and International Programmes.
International Water Projects Manager, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Senior International Affairs Specialist, Bureau of Reclamations
Global Issues Section Chief
Global Issues Assistant
Deputy Political Counsellor U.S.
Energy and Environment Initiative Office Director,
U.S. Agency for International Development
Chief of Policy Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Public Affairs Counsellor
Information Specialist
Special assistant to Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Uruguay
H.E. Mr. Octavio Brugnini
Mrs. Elizabeth Bogosian
First Secretary, Embassy at The Hague
Uzbekistan
H.E. Mr. A. Jalalov
H.E. Mr. Shavkat Khamrakulov
Mr. R. Niyazov
Mr. S. Rakhmatov
Mr. Ravshan Shamrsitdinov
Mr. Dior Rakhmanov
Mr. H. Tajiev
Mr. V. Dukhovny
Mr. P. Umarov
Mr. M. Hamidov
Mr. Kh. Sherimbetov
First Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Water Management
Director General, Scientific and Production Association of Uzbekistan,
UZBEKGIDROGEOLOGIA
Deputy Head, Department of Water Resources Balance,
Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management
First Secretary, Embassy of Uzbekistan
Consul-General of Uzbekistan at Amsterdam
Third Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Director of SIC Interstate Coordination Water Commission
Deputy Director of SIC ICWC
Director of Basin Water Organization “Sizdazi River”
Deputy of Chairman of State Committee of Natural Community
Venezuela
H.E. Dr. Jesús Arnáldo Pérez
Mrs. Beatriz Gerbasi
Mr. Gregory Colomine
Eng. Alejandro Hitcher
Mr. Juan José Garcia
Mrs. Yasmin Turuphial
Minister of Environment and Natural Renewable Resources
Chargé d’Affairs a.i. of the Embassy of Venezuela
Director of Environmental Quality, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources
President, Hidro Venezuela
General Director of the Orinoco-Apure Rivers Programme
Councillor of the Embassy
Vietnam
H.E. Mr. Nguyen Dinh Thinh
Mr. Doan The Uong
Mrs. Pham Thi Hong
Mrs. Nguyen Phuoc Thanh
Mr. Hua Chien Thang
Mr. Wijnand van IJssel
Vice Minister Of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)
Deputy Director of International Cooperation Department MARD
Water Supply and World Sanitation Collaborative Council
Dr. Richard Jolly
Mr. Hans van Damme
Mr. Ranjith Wirasinha
Chairman WSSCC
Programme Director Vision 21
Executive Secretary WSSCC
World Bank
Mr. John Briscoe
Mr. Hendrikus G. Termaat
Senior Water Adviser
World Food Programme
Mr. Marius de Gaay Fortman
Chief, Resources Mobilization Service (Europe, Middle-East and Africa)
World Health Organisation
Mr.s Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland
Dr. Daniel Tarantola
Mr. James Bartram
Director-General
Senior Policy Advisor to the Director-General
Coordinator, Water, Sanitation and Health
World Meteorological Organisation
Dr. Godwin O.P. Obasi
Dr. Arthur J. Askew
176
Secretary General
Director, Hydrology and Water Resources Department
World Water Council
H.E. Dr. Mahmoud Abu-Zeid
Mr. Renée Coulomb
Mr. Jamil AL-Alawi
President
Vice-President
Executive Director
Yemen
Mr. Jamal Mohamed Abdo
Mr. Nasser Mohamd Nasser
Head, National Water Resources Authority
Head, Control and Inspection Section
Zambia
H.E. Mr. David C. Saviye
Mr. Eusebius C. Katai
Mr. Adam Hussen
Minister of Energy and Water Development
Deputy Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Energy and Water Development
Acting Director of Water Affairs, Ministry of Energy and Water Development
Zimbabwe
H.E. Mr. J.T.R. Mujuru
Mr. N. Masoka
Mr. G. Mawere
Dr. J. Sakupwanya
Dr. H. Williams
Mr. Stewart Nyakotyo
Minister of Rural Resources and Water Development
Permanent Secretary for Rural Resources and Water Development
Chief Hydrologist
WRM’s Strategies
WRM’s Engineering
First Secretary, Embassy of Zimbabwe, The Netherlands
177
Programme Conveners
Almost 100 sessions were held during the Forum. On the following pages, we list the
conveners by regional presentations, water-use presentations, special subjects and
Major Group Sessions.
The Hague, 16 Februari 2000
Regional presentations
1) Mediterranean Countries
Coordinator: Michel Soulié
Chairman of GWP/MEDTAC
GWP/MEDTAC Secretariat
Domaine de Lavalette
859 rue J.F. Breton
34090 Montpellier Cedex 5 - France
Tel.: +33.04.67.61.04.00
Fax: +33.04.67.52.28.29
e-Mail : [email protected]
2) Central/Eastern Europe
coordinator: Prof. Marek Nawalany
CEETAC
Warsaw University of Technology
Nowowiejska 20
00-653 Warsaw, Poland
Tel.: +48.22.621.89.93
Fax: +48.22.62.54.305
e-mail :
[email protected]
3) Russia
coordinator: Mrs N. Gaponenko
Russian Academy of Sciences
8a Obukha per.
103064 Moscow, Russia
Tel.: +7.095.91.66.910
Fax: +7.095.91.71.027
e-mail : [email protected]
4) Rhine Basin
coordinator : Mr Ton Garritsen
RIZA (WSG)
postbus 17
8200 AA - Lelystad, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.320.29.87.95
Fax: +31.320.24.92.18
e-mail:
[email protected]
Consultant Bijnsdorp Communicatie
Projecten (BCP0)
Ine Bruyns, Karin Netters
Bijnsdorp
postbus 455
1200 Al Hilversum, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.35.628.0364
Fax: +31.35.621.7239
e-mail: [email protected]
178
5) Southern Africa
coordinator: Ms Tabeth Matiza-Chiuta
IUCN-ROSA
P.O.Box 745
6 Lanark Road
Belgravia/Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel.: +263.4.72.82.66
Fax: +263.4.72.07.38
9)West-Africa
coordinator : Ouango Athanase Compaore
DGH Ministère de l’Eau et de
l’Environnement
03 BP 7025 Ouagadougou
03 Burkina Faso
Tel.: +226.31.28.26
Fax: +226.36.62.08
6) Arab Countries
coordinator : Mr Aly Shady
Sr Policy Adviser
Canadian International
Development Agency
200, Promenade du Portage
Hull, Que K1A 0G4, Canada
Tel.: +1.819.99.44.098
Fax: +1.819.95.33.348
10) Africa Caucus
coordinator : Mr Albert Wright
8718 Arley Drive
Springfield VA 22153, USA
Tel.: +1.703.644.7458
Fax: +1.703.644.1585
7) Lake Chad
coordinator : Mr Abubakar B. Jauro
Executive Secretary
Lake Chad Basin Commission
Boite Postale 727
N’Djamena, Chad
Tel.: +235.52.41.45/52.39.38
Fax: :+235.52.41.37
or:
Manuel B. Dengo
Room DC1-864 One United
Nations Plaza
New York, NY 10017
Tel.: +1.212.963.4208
Fax: +1.212.963.4340
e-mail:[email protected]
8) Nile Basin Initiative
coordinator : Mr Meraji O.Y. Msuya
Executive Director Nile Basin
Initiative Secretariat
P.O.Box 192
Entebbe, Uganda
Tel.: +256.41.32.13.29
Fax: +256.41.32.09.71
11) Southeast Asia
coordinator : Prof.Angel Alejandrino
University of the Philippines
UP College of Engineering
P.O. Box 37
Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
Tel.: +63.2.92.77.149/927.7176
Fax: +63.2.92.77.190
[email protected]
12) Ganges/Bhramaputra/
Meghna Basin
coordinator : Prof. Asit Biswas
Third World Centre for Water
Management
Viveros de Tlalnepantla 11,
Viveros de la Loma
54080 Tlalnepantla
Estado de Mexico (Mexico)
Tel.: +52.5.75.48.604
Fax: +52.5.75.48.604
13) From Contention to
Cooperation
coordinator : Mrs Anna M.Lenox
International Water Resources
Branch
U.S. Geological Survey
420 National Center
Reston, VA 20192 USA
Tel.: +1.703.648.50.53
Fax: +1.703.648.66.87
14) Aral Basin
coordinator : Mr Janos Bogardi
World Water Vision Unit
World Water Council
c/o UNESCO
1, rue Miollis
75015 Paris, France
Tel.: +33.145.68.40.06
Fax: +33.145.68.58.11
15) South Asia
coordinator : Dr M.A. Chitale
Water & Land Management Institute
Kanchanwadi
Aurangabad 431 005
Maharashtra, India
Tel.: +91.240.33.41.53.54.56
Fax: +91.240.33.42.50 / 350.405
[email protected]
coordinator : Mrs Lailun Nahar Ekram
Coordinator Sastac
Bangladesh Water Partnership
HS-67 Road 11/A
Dhanmandi R/A
1209 Dhaka, Bangladesh
Tel.: +88.02.811.0130
Fax: +88.02.911.4716
[email protected]
residence: +88.02.811.47.57
coordinator : Mr V.N. Pendse
Director-General
Water & Land Management Institute
Kanchanwadi
Aurangabad 431 005
Maharashtra, India
Tel.: +91.240.33.41.53.54.56
Fax: +91.240.33.42.50 / 350.405
[email protected]
16) Australia
coordinator : Mr Bruce P. Hooper
Director Intergrated Resource
Management
Research Pty Ltd.
126 Hawken Drive
St Lucia 4067, Australia
Tel./Fax:+61.7.3876.1616
17) China
coordinator : Prof. Dr Ru-Song Wang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Research Center for EcoEnvironmental Sciences
19, Zhongguancun Road
Beijing 100080, China
Tel.: +86.10.62.52.10.32
Fax: +86.10.62.55.51.27
[email protected]
18) Lake Biwa and the
World’s Lakes
coordinator : Mr Masahisa Nakamura
Lake Biwa Research Institute
1-10 Uchidehama
Otsu-shi, Shiga-ken 520-0806
Japan
Tel.: +81.77.52.64.800
Fax: +81.77.52.64.803
19) Small Island States
coordinator : Small Islands Council
Mr Lester H. Forde
Director Special Projects
Water & Sewerage Authority
WSSCC
Government Farm Road
Valsayn, St. Joseph, Trinidad & Tobago
Tel.: +1.868.663.2697
Fax: +1.868.627.6697
20a) North, South & Central America
and Carribean
coordinator : Mr Richard Meganck
Director Organization of American
States (OAS)
1889 F.St.NW Suite 340
20006 Washington, D.C., USA
Tel.: +1.202.45.86.248
Fax: +1.202.45.83.560
21) Polar Regions
coordinator : Professor Vitaly A. Kimstach
Deputy Executive Secretary
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment
Programme
Stromsveien 96,
P.O.Box 8100 Dep.
N-0032 Oslo, Norway
Tel.: +47.23.24.16.34
Fax: +47.22.67.67.06
e-mail :
[email protected]
22) The Role of Civil Society
in Mexico
coordinator : Prof. Asit Biswas
Management
Viveros de la Loma
54080 Tlalnepantla
Estado de Mexico (Mexico)
Tel.: +52.5.754.86.04
Fax: +52.5.754.86.04
Water-use presentations
1)
Water for Food and Rural
Development
coordinator : Mr David J. Groenfeldt
Worldbank Institute, Rm G5-061
The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433, U.S.A.
Tel.: +1.202.47.36.405
Fax: +1.202.67.60.977
2) Interbasin Water Transfer
coordinator : Mr Janos Bogardi
World Water Council
c/o UNESCO
1, rue Miollis
75015 Paris, France
Tel.: +33.145.68.40.06
Fax: +33.145.68.58.11
3) Water for People
coordinator : Mr Hans van Damme
Water Supply Sanitation
Collaboration Council (WSSCC)
1st Poellaan 59
2161 La Lisse, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.252.42.25.60
Fax: +31.252.42.25.70
e-mail :
[email protected]
4) Rainwater Harvesting
coordinator : Mr Johann Gnadlinger
International Rainwater Catchment
Systems Association (IRCSA)
C.P. 21
48900-000 Juazeiro - BA, Brazil
Tel.: +55.74.811.64.81
Fax: +55.74.811.53.85
179
5) Water and Nature
coordinator : Mr Elroy Bos
IUCN
rue Mauverney 28
1196 Gland, Switzerland
Tel.: +41.22.999.02.55
Fax: +41.22.999.00.25
6) Ground Water
coordinator : Mr David Seckler
Director General
International Water
Management Institute
P.O.Box 2075
Pelawatte via Colombo, Sri Lanka
Tel.: +94.1.86.74.04
Fax: +94.1.86.68.54
7) Social Charter
coordinator : Mr Claude Salvetti
Water Academy
51, rue Salvador Allende
92027 Nanterre Cedex, France
Tel.: +33.1.41.20.19.21
Fax: +33.1.41.20.1609
8) Water in Rivers
coordinator : Mr. Hideaki Oda
Former Director General River Bureau
c/o Ministry of Construction
2-1-3, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku
100-8944 Tokyo, Japan
Tel.: +81.3.5251.18.71
Fax: +81.3.5251.19.42
+44.14.91.82.63.52
[email protected]
9) Sovereignty panel
coordinator : Mr Bertrand Charrier
Green Cross International
160 route Florissant
1231 Conches, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel.: +41.22.78.910.662
Fax: +41.22.78.91.695
Mrs Fiona Curtin
160 route Florissant
1231 Conches, Geneva
Switzerland
Tel.: +41.22.21.69.122
Fax: +41.22.78.91.695
180
10) Water and Tourism
coordinator : Jacqueline Alsoisi de Larderel
Tour Mirabeau,
39-43 quai André Citroën,
75739 Paris-Cedex 15, France
Tel.: +33.1.44.37.14.50
Fax: +33.1.44.37.14.74
Anne Vourc’h
11 Avras
14562 Kifissia-Athens, Greece
11) Framework for Action
coordinator : Mr Alan Hall
HR Wallingford
0X10 8BA Wallingford Oxon
United Kingdom
Tel.: +44.149.18.22.443
Fax: +44.149.18.26.352
12) Financing Water Infrastructure
World Water Council
coordinator : Mr jamil Al-Alawi
Les Docks de la Joliette - Atrium 3
10 Place de la Joliette
13304 Marseille Cedex 2, France
Tel.: +33 (4) 91 99 41 00
Fax: +33 (4) 91 99 41 01
Special Subjects
1) Water & Space
coordinator: Dr Corradini
European Space
8/10 Rue Mario Nikis
F-75738 Paris Cedex 15, France
Tel.: +33-1-536 97654
Fax: +33-1-536 97560
Mr P. Antolini
Unesco
1, rue Miollis
75015 Paris, France
Tel.: +33.686.28.40.57 (mobile)
Tel.: +33.1.456.844.44
Fax: +33.1.456.858.11
+33.06.688.088.56 (at SENAT)
[email protected]
2) Water & Urban Design
convener : Mrs Helena C.M. Heyning
International Society of City and
Regional Planners (ISOCARP)
Beethovenstraat 125 111
1077 JA - Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.20.670.47.41
Fax: +31.20.670.47.44
3) Water & Energy
convener World Water Council:
Prof. Asit Biswas
Management
Viveros de la Loma
54080 Tlalnepantla
Estado de Mexico, Mexico
Tel.: +52.5.754.86.04
Fax: +52.5.754.86.04
4) Water Use Management
convener: Mr R.J. van der Kluit
Association of Water Boards
P.O.Box 80200
2508 GE - The Hague
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.70.351.97.51
Fax: +31.70.354.46.42
Hr Toon Segeren
Netherlands Association of
waterboards
P.O.Box 80200
2508 GE Den Haag, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.70.351.97.51
Fax: +31.70.354.46.42
06.512.95.319
5) Water & International Law
convener : Mr Peter van Krieken
Webster University
c/o IND
Postbus 30125
2500 GC Den Haag, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.70.370.33.79
Fax: +31.70.370.32.99
6)
Sociopolitical Implications of
Water Modelling
convener : H. Wesseling
WL/Delft Hydraulics
P.O.Box 177
2600 MH Delft, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.15.285.88.08
Fax: +31.15.285.85.82
7) Water & Economics
convener : Mr James Lenahan
c/o SIDA
105 25 Stockholm, Sweden
Tel.: +46.8.698.50.00
Fax: +46.8.698.56.27
8) Water & Delta areas
convener : Mr Bob Oudshoorn
Ministry of Transport, Public Works &
Water Management
P.O. Box 20907
2500 EX The Hague,
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.70.311.43.44
Fax: +31.70.311.46.50
e-mail : C.R.M.Oudshoorn@
rikz.rws.minvenw.nl
9) Water & Ethics
convener : Mr Ramon LLamas
UNESCO Group on Ethics
DPTO de Geodinamica
Fac. de Geoligia
Universidad Complutense
28040 Madrid, Spain
Tel.: +34 91.394.48.48/61
Fax: +34 91.394.48.45/83
10) Global Water Contract
convener : Mr Riccardo Petrella
The Group of Lisbon
30, rue Monrose
1030 Bruxelles, Belgium
Tel.: +32.2.295.79.87
Fax: +32.2.296.13.92
11) Water & History
convener : Henning Fahlbusch
International Commission Irrigation &
Drainage, Standing Committee on the
history
Fachhochschule Lübeck
Stephen Sonstrasze 3
23562 Lübeck, Germany
Tel.: +49.451.500.51.59
Fax: +49.451.500.50.79
12) Water & Megacities
convener : Mr. Kalyan Ray
HABITAT
P.O. Box 30030
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel.: +254.2.62.30.39
Fax: +254.2.62.35.88
14) Panel Human Water behaviour
convener : Mr Raymond Jost
International Secretariat for Water
54, rue le Royer Ouest
Montréal
Canada H241W7
Tel.: +1.514.849.42.62
or +33.1.44.07.28.18
Fax: +1.514.849.28.22
[email protected]
15) Water & Large Dams policy
convener : Mr Achim Steiner
P.O.Box 16002
Vlaeberg, Cape Town
8018 South Africa
Tel.: +27.21.426.40.00
Fax: +27.21.426.00.36
17) Water & National Law
convener : Mr Mike Muller
Director-general
Department of Water Affairs and
Forestry
Private Bag X313
0001 Pretoria, South Africa
Tel.: + 27.12.336.8726
Fax: +27.12.336.8850
18) Water and Indigenous People
convener : Dr Douglas Nakashima
c/o UNESCO
1, rue Miollis
75732 Paris Cedex 15, France
Tel.: +33.1.45.68.39.93
Fax: +33.1.45.68.58.08
19) Water Education & Training
convener: Mr François-Marie Patorni
World Bank Institute, e.a.
1818 H Street, NW
20433 Washington, DC, USA
Tel.: +1.202.473.62.65
Fax: +1.202.676.09.78
20) Water & Public/
private Partnerships
convener : Mr Maarten Blokland
International Institute for
Infrastructural, Hydraulic and
Environmental Engineering
P.O.Box 3015
2601 DA - Delft, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.15.215.17.82
Fax: +31.15.212.29.21
e-mail : [email protected], or [email protected]
21) Desalination of Water
Internat. Desalination Association
(IDA)
convener: Mr Ghassan Ejjeh
Besix, avenue des Communautes 100
1200 - Brussels, Belgium
Tel.: +32.2.402.62.11/350(direct)
/63.21
Fax: +32.2.402.64.36
home (G.B):+44.181.94.92.517
[email protected]
22) Water & Religion
convener : Mr Janos Bogardi
World Water Council
c/o UNESCO
1, rue Miollis
75015 Paris, France
Tel.: +33.145.68.40.06
Fax: +33.145.68.58.11
124) Equipment and Materials
for Water
convener : Mrs J.E. Mullaart
European Partners for the
Environment
EPE-Secretariat
avenue Mounier 83, Box 1
1200 Woluwe/Brussels, Belgium
Tel.: +32.2.771.15.34 work
Tel.: +32.2.688.02.43 home
Fax: +32.2.770.53.86
125) Water & Conflict Prevention
convener : Mr Paul van Tongeren
European Centre for Conflict
Prevention
P.O. Box 14069
3508 SC Utrecht, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.30.253.75.28
Fax: +31.30.253.75.29
181
126) Dams & Water Management
convener: Prof. R. Lafitte
c/o STUCKY Consulting Engineers Ltd.
Rue du Lac 33
CH- 1020 RENENS VD1, Switzerlands
Tel.: +41.21.637.15.48
Fax: +41.21.637.15.08
127) Non-conventional Water
Resources
convener : Dr Atef Hamdy
Director of Research
CIHEAM/Mediterranean
Agronomic Institute
Via Ceglie 9
Valenzano, BA 70010, Italy
Tel.: +.39.080.46.06.236/
287/111/222
Fax: +39.080.46.06.206
e-mail : [email protected] or
[email protected] (secretary)
129) Water & Knowledge
convener : Gordon J. Young
Secretary General IAHS
Department of Geography
Wilfrid Laurier University
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
Tel.: +1-519.884.1970
Fax: +1-519.725.1342
[email protected]
132) World water Vision: report &
Scenarios
coordinator: Frank Rijsberman
c/o UNESCO
1, rue Miollis
F-75015 Paris, France
Tel.: +33.1.4568.3904
Fax: +33.1.4568.5892
3) NGO-panel
coordinator: Ms Rosalie Gardiner
UNED-UK Committee
c/o UNA
3, Whitehall Court
SW1A 2EL London, United Kingdom
Tel.: +44.171.839.17.84
Fax: +44.171.930.58.93
133) Southeastern Anatilia Project,
Turkey
coordinator: Mr Olcay Ünver
President Republic of Turkey GAP
Willy Brandt Sokak N: 5
06680 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
Tel.: (90.312) 440.40.93 - 94
Fax: (90.312) 442.43.51
5)
134) Writers on Water as a Common
Good
coordinator: Mrs J.E. Mullaarts
European Partners for the
Environment
EPE-Secretariat
avenue Mounier 83, Box 1
1200 Woluwe/Brussels, Belgium
Tel.: +32.2.771.15.34
Fax: +32.2.770.53.86
Major Groups
130) Advanced urban Water
Management
convener : Mr Tony Milburn
Executive Director
International Water Association
Alliance House
12 Caxton Street
SW1H 0QS London, United Kingdom
Tel.: +44.207.654.5500
Fax: +44.207.654.5555
1) Water & Gender
coordinator: Jennifer Francis/Christine
van Wijk
Project Officer
IRC International Water and
Sanitation Centre
Postbus 2869
2601 CW - Delft, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31-15.219.29.43
Fax: +31-15.219.09.55
131) Reforming Politicians on Water
Reform
coordinator: John Briscoe
Worldbank Institute,
1818 H Street, NW
Tel.: +1.202.47.36.405
Fax: +1.202.67.60.977
2) SIMAVI
coordinator: Mr Sierk Keuning
Managing Director Simavi
Spruitenbosstraat 6
2012 LK - Haarlem, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31-23-5318055
Fax: +31-23-5282267
182
Youth Panel
Thimun Foundation
The Hague International Model
United Nations
coordinator: Mrs Maria Bouwsma
2e van Blankenburgstraat 119
2517 HC Den Haag, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.70-356.32.73
Fax: +31.70-356.27.75
6) Youth Workshop
coordinator: Mrs Erika de Bly
Claus Sluterweg 77
2012 WP Haarlem,The Netherlands
Tel.:/Fax: +31.23-5289495
mobile:+31.650518169
7) Unilever
coordinator: Frank van Ooijen
Postbus 760
3000 DK Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.10.2174845
Fax: +31.10-2174587
8)
CEO-panel
Ecological Management Foundation
coordinator: Mr Allerd Stikker
Ecological Management Foundation
Prinsengracht 840
1017 JM Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.20-620 5662
Fax: +31.20-624 3488
9) Women business Leaders
coordinator: Prof. Asit Biswas
Management
Viveros de la Loma
54080, Tlalnepantla
Estado de Mexico, Mexico
Tel.: +52.5.75.48.604
Fax: +52.5.75.48.604
10) JCI
coordinator: Mevr. D.N.F Cascino
c/o KPN
Postbus 30000
2500 GA Den Haag,
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31-70-332 81 79
Fax: +31-70-343 05 74
afd. Rotterdam
coordinator: Mr Johan den Hollander/
Mr heer Pim Verheijen
Chabotlaan 19
3055 AE Rotterdam, The Hague
Tel.: +31.10.4862490
11) Business Partners in
Development
coordinator: Mr. Ken Caplan
Business Partners for Development
c/o WaterAid
Prince Consort House
27-29 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7UB, United Kingdom
Tel.: +44.20.77.93.45.00
Fax: +44.20.7793.45.45
12) World cie on Sustainable
Development
The World Business Council for
Sustainable Development
coordinator: Mr Al Fry
160 Ave florissant
1234 conches-geneve, Switzerland
Tel.: +41 22 839 3100
Fax: +41 22 839 3131
13) Local Government
The International Institute for the
Urban Environment
coordinator: Mr Donald Boyd
Nickersteeg 5
2611 EK Delft, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.15.262.3279
Fax: +31.15.262.4873
14) Community Water
Management
coordinator: Ms. Indira Khurana
Centre for Science India
42, Tughakadabad
Institute Area
110062 New Dehli, India
Tel.: +99.11.698 1110
Fax: +99.11.698 5897
15) Young Water leader
coordinator: Caroline Figuères
c/o NEDECO
Postbus 90413
2509 LK Den Haag, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.70.3143636
Fax: +31.70.3284862
116) International Federation of
Environmental Journalists
coordinator: Darryl D’Monte
29-B Carter Road
7088 Bandra (W)
Mumbai 400 050, India
Tel.: +91.22.642.7088
Fax: +91.22.645.9286
18) Water Aid
coordinator: Mrs Belinde Calaguas
Prince Consort House
27-29 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7UB.United Kingdom
Tel.: +44.20.77.93.45.00
Fax: +44.20.7793.45.45
e-mail:
[email protected]
183
The Forum Participants
More than 5,000 participants were registered at the Forum.
This figure makes the Forum the largest gathering ever of water specialists and concerned citizens.
The following pages feature a list of all registered participants. This list is compiled on the basis of data provided by
participants themselves when registering for the Forum.
The Project Secretariat regrets any misspellings or
incorrect mentioning of affilation. We hope this list will
help you keep in touch with each other and maintain the
AD
AE
AL
AN
AO
AR
AT
AU
AZ
BA
BD
BE
BF
BG
BJ
Andorra
United Arabic
Emirats
Albania
Netherlands
Antilles
Angola
Argentina
Austria
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Bangladesh
Belgium
Burkina Faso
Bulgaria
Benin
BO
BR
BT
BW
BY
CA
CG
CH
CI
CL
CN
CO
CR
CU
CV
CY
CZ
Bolivia
Brazil
Bhutan
Botswana
Belarus
Canada
Congo
Switzerland
Côte d’Ivoire
Chile
China
Columbia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Cape Verde
Cyprus
Czech
Republic
DE
DJ
DK
DM
DZ
EC
EE
EG
ES
ET
FI
FJ
FR
GB
GE
GH
GM
Germany
Djibouti
Denmark
Dominica
Algeria
Ecuador
Estonia
Egypt
Spain
Ethiopia
Finland
Fiji
France
United
Kingdom
Georgia
Ghana
Gambia
Organisation/Name
a
GR
GT
HR
HT
HU
ID
IE
IL
IN
IR
IS
IT
JM
JO
JP
KE
KH
Greece
Guatemala
Croatia
Haiti
Hungary
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
India
Iran
Iceland
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Japan
Kenya
Cambodia
Moma, Balantyne
Barlow, Maude
Nxu, Xolile
Gaite, Ferdinand
Menotti, Jean
Hall, David
Ma'anth, Adam
de Oliveira, Abelardo
Oscarsson, Leif
Goudriaan, J.W.
van den Hoek, Aart
Stancich, Elba
Hiroyama, K.
Maestracci, Andre
Dina, Abousama
Stein, Robyn
Jarosch, Mario
Boys, Davis
Kadokawa, Sumio
Thorn, Lars
Kidd, John
Bloomfield, Steve
Vargas, Maria Teresa
Clarke, Tony
Genereux, Claude
Barreda, Andres
Veotte, Lance
Ladstaetter, Mathias
Guetierrez, Eric
Lapalme, Jean
Teslian, Jaroslav
Hoffman, Jonathan
184
KN
KP
KW
KZ
LA
LB
LK
LS
LT
LU
LV
LY
MA
MD
MG
MK
City
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
A Seed Europe
Abanto, Carlos
ABB
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Delft
Zurich
Saint Kitts and
Nevis
South Korea
Kuwait
Kazakstan
Lao
Lebanon
Sri Lanka
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Lybian Arab
Jamahirya
Morocco
Moldova
Madagascar
Macedonia
Country
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
CH
ML
MR
MT
MU
MW
MX
MY
MZ
NA
NE
NG
NI
NL
NO
NP
OM
PE
PH
Mali
Mauretania
Malta
Mauritius
Malawi
Mexico
Malaysia
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Netherlands
Norway
Nepal
Oman
Peru
Philippines
PK
PL
PS
PT
PY
QA
RO
RR
RU
RW
SA
SB
SD
SE
Pakistan
Poland
Palestinian
Territory
Portugal
Paraguay
Qatar
Romania
Trinidad and
Tobago
Russian
Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Solomon
Islands
Sudan
Sweden
SG
SI
SK
SN
ST
SV
SZ
TD
TG
TH
TN
TR
TT
TW
TZ
UA
Singapore
Slovenia
Slovakia
Senegal
Sao Tome and
Principe
Syria
Swaziland
Chad
Togo
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Trinidad and
Tobago
Taiwan
Tanzania
Ukraine
UK
US
UZ
VE
VN
WS
YE
ZA
ZM
Uganda
United
Kingdom
United States
of America
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Samoa
Yemen
South Africa
Zimbabwe
City
Country
Mlilo, P.
Kabbaj, Omar
Yahaya, Shehu
Woudeneh, Tefera
Kabell, Dorte
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
N'Djamena
Kuala Lumpur
Delft
Delft
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Nanterre
Moscow
Budejovice
Anantaput
Kirkland, WA
Moscow
Moscow
Paris
Delft
Delft
Mutare
Abidjan
Abidjan
Abidjan
Abidjan
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
TD
MY
NL
NL
NL
NL
FR
RU
CZ
IN
US
RU
RU
FR
NL
NL
ZW
CI
CI
CI
CI
Turton, Anthony
Jallow, Momobou
Cham, Ebrima
Keita, Amadou
Saine, Dawda Foday
Pretoria
Serekunda
Banjul
Bakau
Serekunda
ZA
GM
GM
GM
GM
Organisation/Name
ABB BV
ABB BV
Abbasi, Raza-Ur-Rehman
Abbott, Michael
Abdel Latif, Mahmoud
Abdel-Raouf, Mohamed
Abdelkerim, Nadjo
Abdullah, Shahrizaila Bin
Abebe Awass, Adane
Abion, Gilberto
ABN-AMRO Bank
ABN-AMRO Bank
Académie de l'Eau
Academy of Natural Sciences
Academy of Sciences
Accion Fraterna
Ackerman, Robert
ACSIP
ACSIP
Action Contre la Faim
Adhikari, Deepak Raj
Adhikari, Bijaya
Africa University
African Water Issues Research
Unit / Green Cross Int
Age Care Association
UG
Grond, Jeroen
van der Hoek, Theo H.
Elsen, Dick
van Ramshorst, G.
Dausset, Jean
Nadejda, Yaponenko
Straskraba, Milan
Yv, Malla Reddy
Zekster, Igor
Gaponenko, Nadezhda
Olivier, Anne
PARTICIPANTS
Country
Organisation/Name
City
Age Care Association (ACA)
Age Care Association (Gambia)
Serekunda
GM
Banjul
Lyon
Brussels
Toulouse
Lyon
Lyon
Lyon
Toulouse
Toulouse
Orleans
Orleans
Rozerieulles
Paris
The Hague
Tashkent
Washington, DC
Nicosia
Quetzaltenango
Guatemala City
Delft
Delft
Essen
Buenos Aires
Arnhem
Arnhem
Al Khobar
Segou
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
New Delhi
Anchorage
Delft
Jerevan
Delft
Beijing
Sydney
Delft
Delft
Puebla
GM
FR
BE
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
NL
UZ
US
CY
GT
GT
NL
NL
DE
AR
NL
NL
SA
ML
NL
NL
NL
NL
IN
US
NL
AM
NL
CN
AU
NL
NL
MX
Thehuacan, PUE
Wageningen
Rotterdam
Oslo
Amsterdam
Washington, DC
Middleburg, VA
Detroit. MI
Denver, CO
Leiden
Leiden
Nairobi
Leiden
Utrecht
Leiden
Minsk
Nablus
Delft
Quito
Bucharest
MX
NL
NL
NO
NL
US
US
US
US
NL
NL
KE
NL
NL
NL
BY
PS
NL
EC
RO
Okoye, Charles Ikechukwu
Momodou Lamin,
Mustapha
Agence de l'Eau
Roux, Albert-Louis
Agence de l'Eau
Kaczmarek, Bernard
Agence de l'eau
Cameo Ponz, Frederic
Agence de l'Eau
Roussel, Pierre
Agence de l'Eau
Bauda, Alain
Agence de l'Eau
Prime, Jean-Louis
Laffon, Lucille
Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne
Martinez, Julien
Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne
Agence de l'Eau Loire-Bretagne
Talec, Jean-Francois
Agence de l'Eau Loire-Bretagne
Beseme, Jean-Louis
Agence de l'Eau Rhin-Meuse
Mahieu, Jean-Loup
Agence Francaise de Developpement Roulleau, Jean Noel
Agence-Presse (AFP)
Meuvret, Odile
Agency 6EF
Giniatullin, Rim
Agency for International Development Borrazzo, John
Agricultural Research Institute
Papadopoulos, Ioannis
Agua del Pueblo
Ixcaragua, Hugo
Aguas de Guatemala
Braghirolli, Alejandro G.
Agudelo-Otalvaro, José Ignacio
Ahmad, Fayyaz
AHT-International
Theissen, Hans
AIDIS, Inter Americana
Arntsen, Enrique
Akzo Nobel
ter Beek, Arno
Akzo Nobel, dpt. CFC
Wreesmann, Carel
Al Rushaid Investment Company
Al-Rushaid, Wafa
Al'phal'og
Sahiliba, Hama
Al-Feraihi, Abdulmoksen M.S.
Al-Hamdi, Mohamed
Al-Nozaily, Fadhl
Al-Sakkaf, Rafik
Alagh, Y.K.
Alaska Water Exports
Davidge, Ric
Alcachupas, Reynerio
Aleksanyan, Yekaterina
Alim, Mohammed Zafar Ullah
All-China Youth Federation
Bo, Wen
Allen Jack & Cottier
Simpson, Roderick
Allorante, Bride Suryanus
Almoutaz, Abdalla Mohammed
Alternativas
Hernandez, Raul
Alternativas y Procesos
de Particepacion Social A.C.
Herrerias, Gisela
Alterra, Green World Research
van Bakel, Jan
AMAP
Wilson, Simon
AMAP Secretariat
Reiersen, Lars-Otto
AMC
Kager, P.A.
American Chemical Society
Christen, Kris
American Water Resources Association Reid, Kenneth
American Water Works Association Gorden, Stephen F.
American Water Works Association Hoffbuhr, John
AMREF Flying Doctors
Matipei, Elisabeth
Tuyt, Leonore
Saluki, Teresa Vuhungi
van Haeften, C.H.
Haspels, A.A.
Njagi, Lucy
Amvrosieva, Tamara V.
An-Naja National University
Jayyousi, Anan F.
Anda, Jerry
Andesapa
Castro, Alejandro
Andrei, Carmen
Organisation/Name
City
Country
Aneej, Ugolor David
Angéus, Karin
Ankum-Stoové
Antea
Wijnen, Marcus
Antioch University
Mulvey, Tara
Anuradha, K.
Apostolic Nunciature
van der Grinten, Steven J.
Appelman-Komen, T.
AQN-Consult
Schiere, Jacob
Aqua Est
Boelhouwer, Ulkje
Aqua Est
Boelhouwer, Willem
Aquarius Holding Ltd.
Sakellariou, Dimitri
AquaSense
Meulemans, John
AquaSense
ten Winkel, Erik
AquaSense
Keijzer, Ewald
Aquatech Business Media
Aquatekst
Vergouwen, Maarten
Arab Office for Youth and EnvironmentAdly, Emad
Arafat nati.appl.Res
Assaf, Said
Arcadis
Klein, Detlef
Arcadis
Arcadis Euroconsult
Verstappen, R.
Arcadis Euroconsult
Tempelman, Aske
Arcadis Euroconsult
Bosman, Philip
Arcadis Euroconsult
Verheugt, Wim
Arcadis Euroconsult
van Enk, Peter Gijs
Arcadis Euroconsult-Project Ghenis
van Loon, Joep
Architekturburo Konig
Konig, Klaus W.
ARCS
Czerny, Wolfgang
Arctic Monitoring and
Assessment Programme
Kotlyakov, Vladimir
Arctic Monitoring and
Assessment Programme
Kimstach, Vitaly
Arden
Area Metropolitana de Barcelona
Figueras, Francesc
Aristanti, Christina
Aristides, Baloi
Ariyananda, Tanuja Nalika
Artov, Andrey
Aryee, Ebenezer Teiko
ASCE-EWRI
Jacobson, Dale
Shrestha, Ava
Asian Development Technology Centre Ekram, Lailun Nahar
Asian People's Exchange
Inoue, Hitoshi
Associated Development
Research Consultants
Athukorala, Kusum
Assouma, Derman
Atmawidjaja, Endra Saleh
AUSAID
McCawley, Peter
Australian Agency for
Bevan, Graeme
AWA
Davis, Chris
Axial
Benitez, Sara
Azurix
Green, Carolyn
Azurix
Pruner, David
Azurix, Frates
Cole
Azza, Nicholas
b.ont design & illustration
Glandorf, Annelies
Babu, Mohammed
Badamgaral, Erdenechimeg
Badaro de Almeida Souza, Diana
Bagchus-Dellaert, Th.
Ballast Nedam
de Vries, Sicco
Ballast Nedam Engineering
Vonk, E.
Benin City
Stockholm
The Hague
Orleans
Wassenaar
Andhra Pradesh
The Hague
Bennekom
Drachten
Zwolle
Zwolle
Piraeus
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Deventer
Cairo
Ramallah
Riedstadt
Arnhem
Arnhem
Arnhem
Arnhem
Arnhem
Arnhem
Bamako
Uberlingen
Seibenshof
NG
SE
NL
FR
NL
IN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
GR
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
EG
PS
DE
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
ML
DE
AT
Oslo
NO
Oslo
Enschede
Barcelona
Yogyakarta
Delft
Colombo
Singapore
Delft
Omaha, NE
Kathmandu
Dhaka
Tokyo
NO
NL
ES
ID
NL
LK
UA
NL
US
NP
BD
JP
Colombo
Lome
Delft
The Hague
LK
TG
NL
NL
Canberra
Artarmon
Asuncion
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
Delft
The Hague
Delft
Delft
Delft
Breda
Amstelveen
Amstelveen
AU
AU
PY
US
US
US
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
185
b
PARTICIPANTS
c
Country
Organisation/Name
City
Banco National
Rodriguez, Luiz Carlos S.S.
Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad, BUP Ahmad, Q.K.
Bangladesh Water Development Board Rahman, Sayeedur
Bangladesh Water Development Board Chakravorty, Nityananda
Bangladesh Water Development Board Choudhury,
Giassuddin Ahmed
Banque Nationale de Belgique
Bourtembourg, Benoit
Banton, Jamel
Barcelona, Aida
Barefoot College
Roy, Bunker
Baretta-Bekker, Hanneke
Barreto, Wilmer
Basnet, Shiv Kumar
Bazartseren, Bunchingiu
BCEOM
Lemoine, Bernard
BCRS
van der Kolff, Gerard
Beaver Wood Associates
Moody, David
Beerepoot, Y.
Beilschmidt, Krista
Bejing Water Resources Bureau
Duan, Wei
Bela, Petri
Belgian Development Co-operation
Timmermans, Luc
Belkaam, Amine
BEMAG
Bruintjes, Edwin
BEMAG
Dautzenberg, David
Berkoff, Jeremy
Bernhardt, Iris
Bessa, Marcio
Bhattacharta, Biswa
Bhoj Wetland Project
Mukerjee, Aniruddhe
BIDB
Dabbori, G.D.
Bijnsdorp Communicatie Projecten
de Vries, C.J.
Streekstra, W.H.
Bijnsdorp, Rob
le Clerq, P.
Jacobovits de Szeged, A.P.R.J.
Madgwick, Jane
Doornbos, G.
Netters, Karin
Markgraf-Maué, K.
Wieriks, K.
Bilale, Amilcar
Binguitcha - Fare, Kpandja Ismael
BIO kinderrevalidatie
Berghauser, H.G
Biotica Ecological Society
Gorbunenko, Piotr
Bioway
Kraakman, Bart
BKH Consulting Engineers
Lambrechtsen, Caspar
BKH Consulting Engineers
Buijs, Jan
Blinch, Paul
Bloemen, Hetty
Blousteguigoitia, Juan Carlos
Lesa, Matataualiitia Afa
Board of Samoa Water Authority
Punivalu, Leiataua Isikuki
Kupa, Latu Sauluitoga
Bocanegra, Emilia Maria
Boellaard-Stheeman, M.J.
Boeriu, Petru
Boerlage, Siobhan
Bojkov, Ventzi
Boorsma-Terpstra, S.
Boots, Jolanda
Boswinkel
Bot, A.P.
Both Ends
Wolvekamp, Paul
Rio de Janeiro
Dhaka
Amersfoort
Dhaka
BR
BD
NL
BD
Dhaka
Brussels
Delft
Delft
Tilonia
Wassenaar
Delft
Delft
Delft
Montpellier
Delft
Alstead
Deventer
Bloemendaal
Beijing
Delft
Brussels
Boulogne
Diemen
Diemen
Cambridge
Dresden
Delft
Delft
Bhopal
Dhaka
Hilversum
Hilversum
Hilversum
Hilversum
Hilversum
Hilversum
Hilversum
Hilversum
Hilversum
Hilversum
Delft
Lome
Arnhem
Chisinau
Utrecht
Delft
Delft
Arnhem
Delft
Mexico DF
Apia
Apia
Apia
Mar del Plata
Amsterdam
Wageningen
Delft
Delft
Beetsterzwaag
Delft
Schiedam
Rotterdam
Amsterdam
BD
BE
NL
NL
IN
NL
NL
NL
NL
FR
NL
US
NL
NL
CN
NL
BE
FR
NL
NL
GB
DE
NL
NL
IN
BD
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
TG
NL
MD
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
MX
WS
WS
WS
AR
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
186
Organisation/Name
Both Ends
Both Ends
Both Ends
Both Ends
Bouman-Dentener, A.
BP AMOCO
BPD, Water & Sanitation Cluster
BPD, Water & Sanitation Cluster
Brace Centre/ Mc Gill University
Brain-Work of Budlet Community
Brain-Work of Budlet Community
Brain-Work of Budlte Community
Brandts, M.
Brasilian Army
Bremere, Ingrida
Breur, G.
Bride, S
British Geological Survey
BRL-Ingenierie
BRL-Ingenierie
BRL-Sepa LRC
Broekhuysen-de Hes, S.F.
Brotee
Budapest University of
Tech. and Economics
Bui Tran, Vuong
Burston-Marsteller
Busnac Group
BUWAL
BUWAL
BUWAL
BUWAL
BUWAL
BUWAL
Buyerdalau, Bolormao
C.G.S. Gestion Integral
Cabinet of the Minister of Env.
and Land Use Planning
CACG
Cairo University
CAM - Mediterranean Agronimoc
Institute of Bari
Camargo, Gustavo
Cambodia Ministry of Water
Cambodia Ministry of Water
Cambridge University
Development Agency
Development Agency
Development Agency
Canal de Isabel II
CARE
Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft
Carnac
Carter & Verplanck, Inc.
CATHALAC
Cauvery Tech. cell
CEA-SRH/MMA
CEDARE
CEE TAC
City
Jeukens, Stefanie
Tuboly, Edit
Langeveld, Sjef
Hirsch, Danielle
Country
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Chaam
Amsterdam
The Hague
London
London
London
St. Anne de Bellevu
Dhaka
Dhaka
Dhaka
Rotterdam
Bonn
Delft
Enschede
Delft
Keyworth
Nimes
Nimes
Nimes
Haren
Dhaka
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
GB
GB
GB
CA
BD
BD
BD
NL
DE
NL
NL
NL
GB
FR
FR
FR
NL
BD
Dell, John
Budapest
Delft
The Hague
Jeddah
Bern
Bern
Bern
Bern
Bern
Bern
Delft
Caracas
HU
NL
NL
SA
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
NL
VE
Veiga Cunha, Luis
Tardieu, Henri
El Din Amer, Salah
Lisbon
Tarbes
Cairo
PT
FR
EG
Hamdy, Atef
Valenzano
Delft
IT
NL
Tara, Theng
Phnom Penh
KH
Ngo Pin, H.E.
Tovey, Kathryn
Phnom Penh
Cambridge
KH
GB
Carrier, Guy
Hull, Quebec
CA
Francis, Susan
Calgary
CA
Gauverau, Emile
Ojeda Quintana, José-Juan
Lochery, Peter
Al-Baz, Ismail
van Lier, M.
Verplanck, George Beekman
Donoso, Maria C.
Mohanakrishnan, A.
de Miranda, Clovis
Abeldayem, Ahmad
Kindler, Janusz
Montreal
Madrid
Atlanta, GE
Berlin
Amsterdam
Tampa, FL
Miami, FL
Chennai
Brasilia
Cairo
Warsaw
CA
ES
US
DE
NL
US
US
IN
BR
EG
PL
Hughes, Nicholas
Caplan, Ken
Keatman, Tracey
Madramootoo, Chandra
Matin, Mohammed Abdul
Faisal, Prince
Mohammad Azizul
Hallwass, Otto
Foster, Stephen
Nicol, Jean-Pierre
Roumagnac, Alix
Imbert, Francis
Murshid, Sharmeen Soneya
Somlyody, Laszlo
Bushnak, Adil Ahmad
Roch, Philippe
Schiess, Martin
Vermont, Sibylle
Sieber, Ulrich
Nobs, Beat
Müller, Edwin
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
CEFID
CEMAGREF
CEMAGREF
CEMAGREF
CEMAGREF
CEMAGREF
Center for Economic Development
& Administration
Center for Environmental
Sustainable Econ. Policy
Systems Research
Systems Research
Systems Research
Center for Transboundary
Cooperation
Central America Integration System
Central Operations Department
Central Water Authority
Centre for Energy, Petroleum
and Mineral Law & Policy
Centre for Environment and Water
Centre for Environmental Studies
Centre for Innovation and Creativity
Centre for Innovation and Creativity
Centre for Middle East Peace and
Economic Cooperation
Centre for Middle East Peace and
Economic Cooporation
Centre for Policy Research
Centre for Rural Studies &
Development
Centre for Science and Environment
City
Country
Tounkara, Mahamadou
Bousquet, Mathieu
Urien, Rene
Lavarde, Patrick
Zimmer, Daniel
Renault, Daniel
Bamako
Anthony
Anthony
Anthony
Anthony
Strasbourg
ML
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
Bhadra, Binayak Prasad
Kathmandu
NP
Popovici, Mihaela
Bucharest
RO
Roesch, Thomas
Kassel
DE
Alcamo, Joseph
Kassel
DE
Henrichs, Thomas A.A.
Kassel
DE
Kapanen, Galina
Campos, Max
Nkodo, Theodore
Mungra, Rohit
Tartu
San Jose
Abidjan
Phoenix, AZ
EE
CR
CI
MU
Malecek, Steven
Abderrahman, Walid
Tjahjadi, Paulus Susilo
Aucamp, Lara
Aucamp, Iwan
Plano, TX
Dhaka
Surabaya
Queenswood
Queenswood
US
SA
ID
ZA
ZA
Owens, Wayne
Washington, DC
US
Brunsdale, Kenley
Verghese, George
Washington, DC
New Delhi
US
IN
Coelho, Hilda Grace
Gopalakrishnan, R.
Kamal, Simi
Nair, S.S.
Vaidya, R.
Vaidyanathan, A
Joshi, Chandni
Maitra, K.
Narain, Sunita
Singh, Dig Vijay
Arya, M.
Tuladhar, Bhushan
Athavale, R.N.
Limbu, R.
Sharma, P.
Khurana, I.
Flipos, P.
Bandyopadhyay, J.
Nahar, Begum S.
Gyawali, D.
Regmi, Amreeta
Subhha, B.
Sthapit, K.
Prasad, Eklavya
Hazare, A.
Vasimalai, M.P.
Dunglena
Pangare, Vasudha
Gautam, U.
Cherchan, K.
Saha, P.
Andhra Pradesh
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New York, NY
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
Dhaka
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BD
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
Organisation/Name
Centre for Water Resources Research
Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique
Centre of Public Health
Centro de Estudios Ambientales
Centro de Innovation en
Technologia Alternativa
Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD
Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD
Centro Ecologico los Cuartos
CESA
CG Chicago
CH2M Hill
CH2M HILL
Chad Basin Dev. Authority
Chak Shehzad Scheme II
Changjiang Water
Resources Commission
Chanzu, Agesa Bernard
Charreh, Siaka
Chia, Way Seng
Chibuye, Hastings
Chief Inspector of
Environmental Protockol
China Inst. of Water Resources
and Hydropower Resear
China Institute of Water Resource
and Hydropower Res
China Yantze Three Gorges
Project Development Corp.
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chou, Li-Ming
Chowdhury, Jamilur Reza
ciau - posgrado arquitecturauniversidad Mexico
CIBE
CIBE-BIWM
Cicat, Delft University of Technology
CIIR & Manica
Development Association
CINARA-Univalle
CIPE-ICBS
CITA A.C.
Citibank NA
Citizens House
Citizens Network For
City Development Strategies Initiative
Claringbould, H.
CNA
CNAM
City
Country
Agarwal, Anil
Dixit, A.
Meinzen-Dick, R
Singh, Rajendra
Chitrakar, Anil
Manch, M.
Hooja, R.
Dooge, James
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
Dublin
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IE
Roué, Marie
Ragozina, Natalia
Onestini, Marla
Montreuil
Novosibirsk
Buenos Aires
FR
RU
AR
Cesar, Androve
Vasconez, Mario
Barreto, Rodrigo
Barberena-Cruz, Martin
Alvear, Jorge
Hageman, R.J
Lytle, Robert
Wallace, William A.
Cvernavaca
Quito
Quito
Aquascalientes
Quito
Chicago
London
Greenwood Village,
CO
Maidurgi
Islamabad
MX
EC
EC
MX
EC
US
GB
Yang, Guowei
Wuhan
Delft
Bakau Banjul
Delft
Delft
CN
NL
GM
NL
NL
Mroczkowski, Marek
Warsaw
PL
Shen, Dajun
Beijing
CN
Yang, Xiaoliu
Beijing
CN
Zhang, Jin Sheng
Wang, Rusong
Beijing
Beijing
Taipei
Dhaka
CN
CN
TW
BD
Mexico DF
Brussels
Brussels
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
MX
BE
BE
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
London
Cali
Antwerp
Morelos
Karachi
Montreal
GB
CO
BE
MX
PK
CA
Bukar, Wakil
Hussein, Maliha
Cervantes Borja
Jurge Fernando
Leemans, Marcel
Kaerts, Judo
van Noort, Elco
Glastra, M
van Dijk, Johan
Amin, Amin
Geijer, Joost
Timmers, Cees
Jawara, Fatima
Galvis, Gerardo
Lefébure, Arnould
Añorve, Cesar
Anwar, Kamran
Billmann-Golemme, Lyn Westborough
Flay, Jeremy
London
Utrecht
Jaime, Alberto
Mexico DF
Pezon, Chritelle
Paris
187
US
TD
PK
US
GB
NL
MX
FR
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
Coordinator, Nepal Water Partnership
Colenbrander, H.J
College of Engineering,
Applied Science University
College of Natural Resources
College of Natural Resources
Columbia University
Comision Estatal de Agua y
Saneamiento de Guanajuato
Comisión Nacional del Agua
Comission Estatal de Agua
y Saneamiento de Guanajuat
Commisie Waterbeheer 21e eeuw
Commission Internationale pour la
Commission Internationale pour la
Commonwealth Science Council
Communications for Development
Community Mgmt &
Training Services (EA)
Compagnie Nationale du Rhone
Company "Grota"
Complex Systems Reseach
Center UNH
Complutense University
Confederacion Hidrografica del Ebro
d
Upadhyay, Surya Nath
Kathmandu
Velp
NP
NL
Al-Jayyousi, Odeh
Changming, Liu
Liu, Changming
Cardone, Rachel
Amman
Beijing
Beijing
New York, NY
JO
CN
CN
US
Guerrero, Vicente
Herrera Toledo, César
Guanajuatpo
Mexico DF
MX
MX
Garcia, Francisco
Groen, Wim
Moyen, Dominique
Zijlmans, Roel
Malomo, Siyan
Ahmed, Yousef
van de Bunt, Pam
Guanajuatpo
The Hague
Liege
Liege
London
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
MX
NL
BE
BE
GB
NL
NL
NL
Katui-Katua, Munguti
Guilhaudin, Patrick
Paukstys, Bernardas
Kiseria
Lyon
Vilnius
KE
FR
LT
Durham
Madrid
US
ES
Zaragoza
ES
Malaga
ES
Valencia
ES
Valencia
Abidjan
Rabat
The Hague
Ho Chi Minh City
Vancouver, BC
New York, NY
Antwerp
Delft
The Hague
Baguio City
ES
CI
MA
NL
VN
CA
US
BE
NL
NL
PH
Bogota
CO
Paris
FR
Paris
Soborg
Soborg
Dar Es Salaam
Gennevilliers
Paris
Silsoe
Ouagadougou
Mexico DF
Vukovar
Pretoria
Santa Clara, CA
Tokyo
London
Colombo
FR
DK
DK
TZ
FR
FR
GB
BF
MX
HR
ZA
US
JP
GB
LK
Fekete, Balsirs M.
Llamas, Manuel Ramon
Sancho Marco,
Tomas A.
Confederacion Hidrografica del Sur. Francisca Navarro
Gutierrez, Jose Antonio
Confederation Hidrografica del Jucar Gomez Martinez
Vicente Manuel
Confederation Hidrografica del Jucar Aragones Beltran
Juan Manuel
Conseil de l'Entente
Konenin, Afoco
Conseil Géneral du Développement Kadi, Mohamed Ait
Consul-General of Uzbekistan
Rakhmanov, Dior
Consulate General of The Netherlands Boegborn, Eveline R.
Consulate General of The Netherlands Riahi, Florian
Consulate General of The Netherlands de Wit, Pim
Consulate General of The Netherlands van Iterson, David
Conteh, Abij
Cordaid
Dusseljee, J
Cordillera Peoples Alliance
Carino, Jacqueline
Corp. Autonoma Regional de
Cundinamarca C.A.R.
Bravo Borda, Diego
Council for the Surveillance of
Suez Lyonnaise de l'Eaux
de Silguy, Yves-Thibault
Council for the Surveillance of
Suez Lyonnaise de l'Eaux
Monod, Jerome
COWI
Rehoj, Vagn
COWI
Egeberg, Anders
COWI
Leemans, Annelies
Coyne et Bellier
Laporte, Jean-Michel
Coyne et Bellier
Herriou, Jean Pierre
Cranfield University at Silsoe
Carter, Richard
CREPA
Tandia, Cheick Tidiane
CRIM-UNAM
Trevino, Anna Helena
Croation Waters
Steinbauer, Miroslav
CSIR - GCI
Ashton, Peter
CTC/United Defense
Ortloff, Charles
CTI, Engeneering Co. Ltd.
Ishii, Yumio
CWC Associates
Marshal, Sarah
Dahanayaka Koralage
Ariyawathie de Silva
188
Country
Organisation/Name
City
Dahlstroem, Kajsa
Damen, Frans
Damen, Petrosjan
Damen-Schijvens, Coleta
Dantanarayana, Betram Nishantha
Darbinyan, Nuneh
Darmstadt University of Technology
Darwish Consulting Engineers Ltd.
Das, Golak Behari
Davelaar, Danielle
Davidson, Nick
Dayal, Rekya
DB Environment
de Groen, Marieke
de Laat, Pieter
de Vries, C
Delft Cluster
den Ouden-Lindeijer, E.
Deng, Kenan
Dennett, Rachel
Dep. of Soil Sciences
Department of Agriculture
of the Philippines
Department of the Environment
Department of the Interior
Department of Water Affairs
Stockholm
Hilvarenbeek
Utrecht
Hilvarenbeek
Delft
Jerevan
Darmstadt
Cairo
Delft
Neustadt
Gland
Noida
Paris
Delft
Delft
Zaandam
Delft
Rijswijk
Delft
Rotterdam
Uppsala
Department of Water Affairs & Forestry
Department of Water Supply Systems
Dept. of Civil Eng., Kyushu University
Dept. of Environment and
Natural Resources
Dept. of Environmental Biology,
Univ. of Adelaide
Dept. of Natural Resources
& Env. Affairs
& Env. Affairs
& Env. Affairs
& Env. Affairs
& Env. Affairs
Dept. of Natural Resources,
Chinese Cultura Univ.
Dept. of River and Harbor Engineering
Dept of Water Affairs and Infrastructure
Dept of Water Affairs and Infrastructure
Dept. of Water Affairs
and Infrastructure
and Infrastructure
Dept. of Water Affairs and
Infrastructure, International Affairs
and Infrastructure, Limburg
and Infrastructure, Zeeland
Welp, Martin
Darwish, Raouf
Berthon, Dominique
Blaauwendraad, Johan
Persson, Gum
Country
SE
NL
NL
NL
NL
AM
DE
EG
NL
DE
CH
IN
FR
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
SE
Lapus, Jesli
Godfrey, Ann
Hood, Michael S.
Tombale,
Akolang Russia
Balzer, Trevor
Naidoo, Dhesigen
Schreiner, Barbara
Nditwani, Tendani
Roberts, Paul
Shrestha, Sohan Sundar
Hasija, Busuladzic
Kusuda, Tetsuya
Quezon City
PH
London
GB
Washington, DC US
Gaborone
London
Pretoria
Pretoria
Pretoria
Pretoria
Kathmandu
Sarajevo
Fukuoka
BW
GB
ZA
ZA
ZA
ZA
NP
BA
JP
Gomez, Yolanda
Quezon City
PH
Williams, William
Adelaide
AU
Selvaag, Per Egil
Oslo
NO
F. Johanson, Hilde
Oslo
NO
Bjoness, Inger-Marie
Oslo
NO
Walther, Arne R.
Oslo
NO
Kjorven, Olav
Oslo
NO
Lo, Andrew
Liaw, Chao-Hsien
de Vries, Wout
Hoornstra, Sjoerd
Taipei
Keelung
Delft
Arnhem
TW
TW
NL
NL
Pilarczyk, Krystian
Delft
NL
Hakstege, Pol
Utrecht
NL
Bouwmeester, E.C. Erik
The Hague
NL
Crijns, Lea
Maastricht
NL
Saeijs, Henk
Middelburg
NL
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
Dept. of Water Supply & Sewerage
Deputy Assemblée Nationale Algerienne
Deputy Director,
River Development Division
Deputy Mayor City of Bourgas
Deputy Minister Natural
Resources of the RF
Deutche Gesellschaft fur
Technische Zusammenarbiet
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur
Technische Zusammenarbeit
Development Foundation of Turkey
Development Project in Ethiopia
DFH, Env. Chemistry
DFID
DFID
DFID
DFID
DFID
DFID
DFID
DGIS DNA
Dhaka Water Supply &
Sewerage Authority
DHI Water and Environment
DHU Water BV
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Consultants
DHV Group
DHV Group
DHV Group
DHV Water
DHV Water
DHV Water
DHV Water
DHV Water
Dibike, Yonas Berhan
City
Country
Adriaanse, Leo
Middelburg
NL
Hoekstra, Ammo
Middelburg
NL
Roose, Wim
Middelburg
NL
Santberger, Leo
Sharma, Suman
Shrestha, Vijaya
Subedi, Ramesh
Budayar, Shankari
Budayar, Rama
Messahel, Mekki
Middelburg
Kathmandu
Kathmandu
Kathmandu
Kathmandu
Kathmandu
Alger
NL
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
DZ
Yasuda, Goro
Todorov, Venelin
Tokyo
Bourgas
JP
BG
Mikheev, Nikolai
Moscow
RU
Hoffman, Rhena
Bonn
DE
Paschen, Hartmut
Saltik, Ahmet
Negate, G.W
Jorgensen, Sven
Curtis, Ian
Hodges, John
MacDonald, George
Short, Clare
Austin, Chris
Martin, Gareth
Briffa, Gregory
van Gorkum, Willem
Haq, Khondaker
Azharul
Rasmussen, Jorn
Oppermann, Menno
Kool, Jeroen
Bilijam, Kees
Minderhout, Piet
Oomen, Jan
Minderhoud, Pieter
Engelsman, Chris
Priem, Steven H.C.
van Hellendoorn, M.
Bakker, Bob
Versteeg, Nico
Kok, Gijsbert
Pietersen, Winfried
Enst, J.
Prins, Ludo
Uittenbogaard, Gert O.
Lamoree, Ben
Leenen, Hans
Huis in 't Veld, Hans
Campen, Remko G.
Schumann, Bert
Bronda, Roel
van Dijk, J.C.
Boel, Johan
Schouten, Gerry
Verberne, A.J.P.
Bischwiller
Ankara
The Hague
Copenhagen
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
The Hague
FR
TR
NL
DK
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
NL
Dhaka
Horsholm
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Delft
BD
DK
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Country
Organisation/Name
City
Dienst Landelijk Gebied
Janssen, Harn
Wouters, Fred
van Eijk, Anneke
van Westrienen, Rob
Dienst Water en Riolering van Amsterdam
Dijk-de Boer, H.
Dimande, Cesar Luis
Dinnesen, R.
Direcçâo Geral das Florestas
Bochechas, Jorge
Direcçâo Nacional de Aguas
Saranga, Susana
Direcçâo Nacional de Aguas
Mangue, Tomás
Direccion General de Aguas - MOP
Salazar, Carlos
Direction de l'Hydraulique
Toupe, Andre
Direction de l'hydraulique
Adjou-Sagbo, Agmes
Direction de la région
hydraulique du Tensift
El Hebil, Abdelmajid
Director 'Water in Rivers' Secretariat
Oda, Hideaki
Director Int. Development Institute
Takahashi, Kazou
Directorate of Water Development
Kahangire, Patrick
Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard
Rogers, Peter
DKH Consulting Engineers
Kleijn, Job
DLG
van der Zee, Tamme
Dlugosch, Therese
DMG Business Media
Loughman, Claire
Dolfing, Birgitta
Donker, Emmanuel
Dorrestijn, Henk C.J.
DOW
Angoutard, Patrick
DRA
Pijpker, Sicco
Drainage Research Institute
Abdel-Gawad, Shaden
Dramani, Dama
Druet, Laurence
DSI
Altinbilek, H. Dogan
Duinwaterbedrijf Zuid Holland
Poppeller, M.M.C.
Duinwaterbedrijf Zuid-Holland
Munneke, B.R
Tielemans, M.W.M.
Jocker, P.
Huijboom, Gerard
Dura Vermeer Groep N.V.
DWD / WRMS
Williams, Hugh
Earth Council Chairman
Strong, Maurice
Earth Forever
Eleva, Maria
EAWAG
van Rijckevorsel
Pauline M.C.
EAWAG
Montangero, Agnes
EAWAG
EAWAG
Schertenleib, Roland
EAWAG
Wagner, Walter
EAWAG
Wegelin, Martin
ECI
Kappus, Ulrich
Ecole Hassania des Traveau Publics
Sadeq, Houria Tazi
Econet
Paranjpye, Vijay
ECOTE
Magmedov, Vyacheslav
Ecotropica Foundation
Eberhard, Abalberto
Eduardo Mondlane University
Chamuco, Antonio
Eduardo Mondlane University/GCI
Leestemaker, Joanne
Education Development Center, Inc.
Ahluwalia, Poonam
Efdé-Kleestra, L.
Egis
Hassan, Ahmadul
Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment
Eikelenboom, Constance
Eisma, M.
Ekanayake, Samanmal
Voorburg
Utrecht
Utrecht
Utrecht
Amsterdam
Zwijndrecht
Delft
Utrecht
Lisbon
Maputo
Maputo
Santiago
Cotonou
Cotonou
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PT
MZ
MZ
CL
BJ
BJ
Marrakech
Tokyo
Tokyo
Kampala
Cambridge, MA
Delft
Utrecht
Delft
Surrey
Leiden
Delft
Delfzijl
Schwalbach
The Hague
Kanater
Lome
Delft
Ankara
Voorburg
Voorburg
Voorburg
Voorburg
Voorburg
Voorburg
Hoofddorp
Harare
Toronto
Stara Zagora
MA
JP
JP
UG
US
NL
NL
NL
GB
NL
NL
NL
DE
NL
EG
TG
NL
TR
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
ZW
CA
BG
Horw
Duebendorf
Duebendorf
Duebendorf
Duebendorf
Duebendorf
Englewood, CO
Casablanca
Puna
Kiev
Cuuiaba-MT
Maputo
Maputo
Newton, NA
Giekerk
Dhaka
Giesbeek
Oestgeest
Delft
Delft
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
US
MA
IN
UA
BR
MZ
MZ
US
NL
BD
NL
NL
NL
NL
189
e
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
el Rafei, Ghada
ELE International Ldt.
ELE International Ldt.
Electricité de France
Elias, Juliano Vicente
ELRI
Elsevier Science Ltd.
EMATER
Embassy of Algeria
Embassy of Andorra
Embassy of Argentina
Embassy of Bolivia
Embassy of Bolivia
Embassy of Brazil
Embassy of Brazil
Embassy of Brazil
Embassy of Bulgaria
Embassy of Burkina Faso
Embassy of Egypt
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Germany
Embassy of Iceland
Embassy of Italy
Embassy of Japan
Embassy of Jordan
Embassy of Jordan
Embassy of Jordan
Embassy of Jordan
Embassy of Jordan
Embassy of Latvia
Embassy of Latvia
Embassy of Lebanon
Embassy of Libya
Embassy of Paraguay
Embassy of Singapore
Embassy of South Africa
Embassy of South Africa
Embassy of South Korea
Embassy of Spain
Embassy of Thailand
Embassy of The Netherlands
City
Green, Malcolm
Meller, Graham
Eon, Joseph
Masson, Jacques
Weiss, Patrick
Faber, Jan
Clark, Tom
Teixeira, Marcelo
Messahel, Abdelkader
Mateu, Meritxell
Escobar, Adolfo
Manrique, Rosario
Ruiz, Eduardo
de Alencastro Massot
Affonso Emilio
Sergio de Fiqueiredo, Lauro
Goldenstein, Stella
Nestrova, Petja
Balima, Ambroise
Mekky, Nabil
Konukiewitz, Manfred
Neophytou, Yiannis
Tepper, Sybille
Eid, Uschi
Wittek, Karl-Heinz
Welschof, Jürgen
Stratenwerth, Thomas
Spitzer, Hanno
Berbalk, Dagmara
Heizman, Steffen
Holländer, Robert
Helming, Stefan
Holzwarth, Fritz
Palsson, Thorstein
Cavagna, Giuseppe
Kawai, Mutsuo
Qunqar, Eduard
Mahadin, Kamel
El Naser, Hazem
Al-Alem, Zafer
Al-Maharmeh, Husam
Eihenbaums, Karlis
Sekacis, Andris
El-Khoury, H.E. Michel
Salim, Omar Ahmed
Cacenes, Manuel Maria
Selverajah, A.
Kasrils, Ronnie
Mabudafhasi, Rejoice
Kim, Hyun-Myung
Alvarez, J.
Suchiva, Chakorn
Messerschmidt,
Sebastiaan
Kampman, Gert
Al-Aroosi, Mohamed
Flik, Pieter Meint
Mitchell, Gordon
van Bunningen, Maarten
Toornstra, Franke
Morad, Tarek Aly
Nauyen Phnoc, Thanh
190
Country
Cairo
Hemel Hampstead
Hemel Hampstead
Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis
Delft
Didam
Kidlington
Vicosa
The Hague
Brussels
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
EG
GB
GB
FR
FR
FR
NL
NL
GB
BR
NL
BE
NL
NL
NL
Geneva
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Brussels
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
London
The Hague
Paris
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Brussels
The Hague
The Hague
Seoul
The Hague
The Hague
CH
NL
NL
NL
BE
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
GB
NL
FR
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
BE
NL
NL
KP
NL
NL
Sana'a
Tel Aviv
Sana'a
Cairo
Windhoek
Rabat
Cotonou
Cairo
Hanoi
NL
IL
YE
EG
NA
MA
NL
EG
VN
Organisation/Name
Embassy of the Philippines
Embassy of the United
Arab Emirates
Embassy of Uganda
Embassy of Ukraine
Embassy of Uzbekistan
EMF
EMF
EMOS
EMWIS / Ministero dei
Lavori Publici
ENDA
ENDA
ENDA - TM
Energie Nederlanb
Eng.& Physical Sciences
Research Council
Engels, J.
EnProSol
Environment Agency
Environment Agency
Environment Agency,
Government of Japan
Environment Canada
Environment Canada
Environment Policy Department
Environmental and Natural
Resources Accounting
Environmental Policy Division
of Shiga Perfecture
Environmental Protection Agency
EOS Consult
EOS Consult
EPD
EPIC Programme
Epidor
City
Country
Goppel, Michel
Uddin-Ahmad, Zahir
van Nieuwkerk, Hans J.
Kappert, Johannes A.
Verhage, Daan
de Vries, Peter
Beerda-Croes, Joris
van der Horst, Aart M.
Coops, Cees W.
Hensen, Bob
Duijn, Fred
Lintvelt, Nathalie
Coolman, Bea
Bijlsma, Alfred
de Waard, Johan
Veen, Hans
Steenbergen, Ger
Kornneef, Neline
Konstapel, Kees
van der Wel, Sabina A.H.
van Eechoud, Yvette
Willems, Gerrie
van Ijssel, WIjnand J.
Rao, P.S.
Havinga, Ronald Peter
IJzermans, Sjef
Menez, Eduardo
Warsaw
Dhaka
Budapest
Amman
Paramaribo
Dhaka
Dhaka
Islamabad
Riyaad
Addis Ababa
Bucharest
Tehran
Nairobi
Bern
Harare
Windhoek
Dar Es Salaam
Moscow
San Jose
Budapest
Pretoria
Beijing
Hanoi
New Delhi
Islamabad
Washington, DC
The Hague
PL
BD
HU
JO
SR
BD
BD
PK
SA
ET
RO
IR
KE
CH
ZW
NA
TZ
RU
CR
HU
ZA
CN
VN
IN
NL
US
NL
Asnah, Jahil
Lewis, Balinda
Burmakov, Anatoliy
Brussels
Brussels
The Hague
Brussels
Amsterdam
Delft
Las Condas
Santiago
BE
BE
NL
BE
NL
NL
Mazzitti, Walter
Magdi, Ibrahim
Buignicourt, Jaques
Toure, Malal
Munnichs, F.R.M
Rome
Rabat
London
Dakar
Arnhem
IT
MA
GB
SN
NL
Fridlington, Mary
Coffa, Stuart
Sayers, David
Herbertson, Peter
Swindon
Monster
Doesburg
Worthing
Worthing
GB
NL
NL
GB
GB
Iwata, Motokazu
Burton, Jean
Barker, Sabina
Hayes, Peter
Tokyo
Montreal
Quebec
London
JP
CA
CA
GB
Delos Angeles, Marian
Quezon City
PH
Takada, Toshihide
Hoffer, Ronald Neil
Nugteren, Marianne
Zuidberg, Lida
Birschel, Anette
McKinney, Daene
Pustelnik, Guy
Otsu
Washington, DC
Chaam
Zaltbommel
Zaandam
Almaty
Castelnaudla-Chapel
JP
US
NL
NL
NL
KZ
Stikker, Allerd
van Pijkeren, Laurens
Alfaro, Raquel
CL
FR
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
ERA
Erasmus Centre for Environmental Studies
Erasmus University Rotterdam
ESA
ESPOL
Estonian Environment Centre
Etimu, Simon
Euro Info Centre North West
Euro Info Centre North West
Europe Desk SOW kerken
European Bank for Reconstruction
Development
Development
Development
European Centre for Conflict Prevention
European Commission
European Commission
European Commission-DG Development
European Council of Environmental Law
European Environmental Bureau
European Investment Bank
European Parliament-Green Party
European Partners for the Environment
European Space Agency
European Water Association
Ezzat
Fabbri, Luiz Carlos
Fabrique Graphique
Fabrique Graphique
Fac. Geographical Sciences University
of Utrecht
Fachburo Wasser
Faculté des Sciences et Techniques
Faculty of Social Sciences,
University of Chiang Mai
Faculty of Social Sciences,
University of Chiang Mai
Faithkeeper Onondaga Nation
Fakan Development Organisation
FAKT
Family Planning Foundation of Turkey
FAO
FAO
FAO
FAO
FAO
FAO
Faraji, Hidaya
Fayoum Water Management Project
Febrina, Eka
Fed. Industry of Hydrology
Federal Environmental Agency
City
Mezuma, Kelechi
van Ast, Jacko A.
Bunt, J
Bouma, Jan Jaap
Boot, Sander
Schuijt, Kirsten
Grunewald, Francois
Puchaicela, Arturo
Pachel, Karin
Country
Bouman, Dick
Port Harcourt
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Paris
Guadtaquil
Tallinn
Delft
Liverpool
Liverpool
Utrecht
NG
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
FR
EC
EE
NL
GB
GB
NL
Bastin, Johan
London
GB
Knook, Hillebrand
London
GB
Maier, Thomas
Meyer Swantée, Peter
Hommes, Enno
de Graaf, Guido
van Tongeren, Paul
Alaerts, Guy
Dufour, Anne
Liebaert, André
Smets, Henri
Peijs, Martin
Carter, Peter
de Roo, A.
van Ermen, Raymond
Kingham, Ronald
Mullaart, Jeanette
Salomome,
Monica Gonzalez
van Riesen, Sigurd
London
Utrecht
Utrecht
Utrecht
Utrecht
Delft
Brussels
Brussels
Paris
Amsterdam
Luxembourg
Brussels
Brussels
Brussels
Brussels
GB
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
BE
BE
FR
NL
LU
BE
BE
BE
BE
Madrid
Hennef
Delft
Kigali
Delft
Delft
ES
DE
NL
RW
NL
NL
Utrecht
Renning
NL
DE
Nouakchott
MR
Chiang Mai
TH
Chiang Mai
Nedrow, NY
Addis Ababa
Weikerskeim
Ankara
Accra
Mexico DF
Rome
Rome
Rome
Rome
Dar Es Salaam
Bodegraven
Delft
Koblenz
Berlin
TH
US
ET
DE
TR
GH
MX
IT
IT
IT
IT
TZ
NL
NL
DE
DE
Melbourne, A.R.
Schwertmann, Birgitta
Vergalen, Linda
Hendriks, M.R.
Vaupel-Steinbach, Martina
Ould Baba Mohamed
Lemine, Sidi Mohamed
Vaddhanaphuti
Chayan
Odochua, Jonni
Lyons, Oron
Farah, Mohamed Abdelkadir
Hartung, Hans
Kut, Sena
Beernaerts, Ines
Garduno, Hector
Wolter, Hans
Kandiah, Arumugam
Fresco, Louise
Hoogeveen, Jippe
Langeveld, Marijke
Hofius, Karl
Brackemann, Holger
Organisation/Name
Feinandez, Edgar
Femconsult
Feng, Jiande
Ferendi
Fernandez Teran, H.Carola
Finnish Environment Institute
FIRCO
First Chamber of The State
Flevolandse Drinkwater Maatschappij
Florida Center for Environmental Studies
Florida Center for Environmental Studies
FMO, Netherlands Development
Finance Company
Folmer, H.R.
Ford Foundation
Former Prime Minister of Sweden
Forum for Drinking Water Supply
Forum for Utilisation of Godavari Waters
Forum for Utilisation of Godavari Waters
Foster Parents Plan
Foster Parents Plan
Foundation for Water Research
Foundation of River & Watershed Env.
FPH
Franceys, Richard
Frans, Dirk
Free University Amsterdam
Free University of Amsterdam
Free University of Brussels
French Water Agencies
French Ministry of Environment
Friederich, Hans
Friends of Nomads
Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth
Fruto, Maribeth
FU Lubeck
FUDENA
FUDENA
FUDENA
Fuhrman, David
Fundacao Getulio Vargas
Fundacion Ecologia y Desarrollo
Fundacion el Riachvelo
Fundacion Mexicana para la
educacion ambiental, A.C.
Gacias, Albert I.
GAIA
GAIA
GAIA
GAIA
Galsan, Sevjidsuren
Ganavito, Ana Maria
Garcia Fuentes, Orlean
GCF 01
City
Bentvels, Kitty
Goedkoop, William
Kuusisto, Esko
Lorda, Julio
Rabinge, R.
van Bloois, L.
Gabaldon, Adalberto
Palombo, Alberto J.
ter Burg, Evert
Pradhan, Ujjwal
Carlson, Ingvar
Rashid Syed Mohammad
Kumar, Y. Jithin
Reddy, M. Shashidhar
van der Swaluw, Stefan
Ainsworth, Dick
Kuwabara, Norihiro
Bouguerra, Larbi
de Vries, Jacobus J.
Bonte, M.
van der Beken, A.
Tari Abkula, Daoud
Saleh, Anis
Dharaguna, Anis
Fahlbusch, Henning
Estevez, Ernesto
Pirrongelli, William
Navas, William
Barroso Santa Rosa, Marcio
Vinuales, Victor
Bosch, Astrid
Ogarrio, Rodolfo
van Mierlo, A.J.M.
Buitenkamp, M.
Maarleveld, M.
Gieske, J.
Moussa Sangare
Jean Aristide
Mendes, Benilde
Driehaus, Wolfgang
GDEH/FCT/UNL
GEH
German Advisory Council
on Global Change
Bacher, Astrid
Gemeentelijk Havenbedrijf Rotterdam
Gemeentelijk Havenbedrijf Rotterdam Vellinga, T.
Gemeentewaterleidingen Amsterdam Roebert, A.J.
191
Country
Delft
The Hague
Delft
Amsterdam
Delft
Helsinki
Mexico DF
Balkburg
Lelystad
Boca Raton, FL
Boca Raton, FL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
FI
MX
NL
NL
US
US
The Hague
Breukelen
New Delhi
Stockholm
Dhaka
Secundarabad
Secundarabad
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Marlow
Marlow
Tokyo
Paris
Delft
Dordrecht
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Brussels
NL
NL
IN
SE
BD
IN
IN
NL
NL
GB
GB
JP
FR
NL
NL
NL
NL
BE
Nanterre
Pathumathani
Isiolo
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Delft
Lubeck
Caracas
Caracas
Caracas
Delft
Rio de Janeiro
Zaragoza
Buenos Aires
FR
TH
KN
PS
PS
NL
DE
VE
VE
VE
NL
BR
ES
AR
Mexico DF
Delft
Amsterdam
Groningen
Wageningen
Leiden
Delft
Delft
Delft
MX
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Ouagadougou
Caparica
Osnabruck
BF
PT
DE
Bremerhaven
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Bennebroek
DE
NL
NL
NL
f
g
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
Gemeentewaterleidingen Amsterdam
Gemeentewaterleidingen Haarlem
General Authority for Rural
Electricity and Water
General Authority for Rural
Electricity and Water
General Department of Irrigation
General Directorate of Waters
(D.G. Aguas)
Geng, Hülya
GEO Delft
GEO Delft
GEOS
German Foundation for
German Protestant Institute
of Archeology
Ghana Water Company Ltd.
GIBB
Gijzen, Huub
Gischler, Christiaan
GIWA
GIWA
GKSS
Global Business network
Global Business Network
Global Environment Center
Global Ministries
Global Nature Fund
Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC)
with BFG
Global Water Corporation
192
Country
Amsterdam
Beunder, G.J.
Maarsen
Apers, J.C.E.M
Amsterdam
Haverkamp-Bergeman, P. Haarlem
NL
NL
NL
NL
Mahmood, Amin A.
YE
Sana'a
Malik Badr, Abdulla A.
Sana'a
Abihaggle, Carlos Enrique Mendosa
YE
AR
Pena T., Humberto
van Twillert, Jan Aart
Karstens, Sonja
Boggild, Carl Egede
Santiago
Delft
Delft
Delft
Copenhagen
CL
NL
NL
NL
DK
Burger, Veit
Berlin
DE
Bienert, Hans-Dieter
Deamesi, Peter Kofi
Anson-Lawson, Charles
Adjei, Charles
Duah, Elizabeth Mosuma
Asibuo, Samuel Kojo
Asiedu, Frank
Bailey, Simon L.S.
Amman
Accra
Accra
Accra
Accra
Accra
Accra
Reading
Delft
Santiago
Kalmar
Kalmar
Geesthackt
London
London
The Hague
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Utrecht
Radolfzell
DE
GH
GH
GH
GH
GH
GH
GB
NL
CL
SE
SE
DE
GB
GB
NL
US
US
US
US
US
US
NL
DE
Koblenz
Santa Monica, CA
Vancouver, BC
Vancouver, BC
Lusaka
Ouagadougou
Ouagadougou
Stockholm
Ouagadougou
Marseille
Harare
Liberia
Stockholm
Harare
Stockholm
Stockholm
Ouagadougou
Springfield, VA
Ouagadougou
Guatemala City
Stockholm
DE
US
CA
CA
ZM
BF
BF
SE
BF
FR
ZW
CR
SE
ZW
SE
SE
BF
US
BF
GT
SE
Wramner, Per
Mandeville, Nick
Salomons, W.
Bocking, Beatrice
Bolderson, Tim
Hales, David
Duda, Alfred M.
Archer, Hutton G.
El-Ashry, Mohamed
Boon Von Ochssée, Ton
Merla, Andrea
Klaassen, Geert
Gattenlöhner, Udo
Correa, Nestor R.
Aaron, John
Paley, A. Fred
Bergstrom, Barry
Mutale, Michael
Yameogo, Simon
Adom, Daniel
Sarari, Gibson
Ale, Grégoire
Balestra, Vèronique
Banda, Zeria
Ballestero, Maureen
Banda, Wonder Maxwell
Bergdahl, Sofia
Hedlund, Sara
Boi Ayibotele, Nii
Wright, Albert
Ouedraogo, Rene
Colom de Morán, Elisa
Ngwenya, Consolata
Organisation/Name
City
Gonzalez-Reynoso, Arsenio
Abeywickrama, Nanda
Lenahan, James
Kadambe, Juliana
Ngugi, Wanjiku
Solanes, Miguel
Dizon, Cornelio
Simbi, Blessing
Rees, Judith Anne
Afouda, Abel
Ovtcharenko, Inna
Soulié, Michel
Sunman, Hilary
Anukularmphai, Apichart
Rwodzi, Progress
Mohtadullah, Khalid
Allan, Tony
Hamadziripi, Agrippa
Toure, Cheikh
Rey, Jacques
Hansson, Ove
Aly, Oumar Ould
Ghezae, Nighisty
Davila-Poblete, Sonia
Paris
Colombo
Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm
Santiago
Quezon City
Stockholm
London
Ouagadougou
Montpellier
Montpellier
Wallingford
Nonthaburi
Stockholm
Stockholm
Wallingford
Stockholm
Ouagadougou
Stockholm
Stockholm
Ouagadougou
Stockholm
Guervaraca
Morelos
Hall, Alan
Wallingford
Mirri, Ngugi wa
Stockholm
Mogbante, Dam Nanfan
Ouagadougou
Hahlin, Regina
Stockholm
Kumakili, Kuseri
Stockholm
Mjoli, Nozibele
Pretoria
Kelman, Jerson
Rio de Janeiro
Cheret, Ivan
Versailles
van Ginneken, Meike
Stockholm
Bisiwasi, Felista
Stockholm
Chitale, Madhav
Aurangabad
Lum, Ken
London
Bizabani, Wilma R.
Stockholm
Mwase, Mavhuto J.
Stockholm
Walmsley, Nigel
Wallingford
Hasnip, Nicola
Wallingford
Chitsungo, Levias
Stockholm
Skoglund, Erik
Stockholm
van Steenbergen, Frank
Wallingford
Global Water Partnership - SAMTAC Pochat, Victor
Buenos Aires
Global Water Partnership - SASTAC Pulavarti, Suryaprakasa Rao Bangalore
Global Water Partnership - SEATAC Abdullah, Keizrul
Petaling Jaya
Globetree
Rimpi, Maj-Doris
Porjus
Globetree
Stockholm
Gobierno de NL Mexico
Bulnes, Oscar
Monterrey
Golforms
Conner, Edward
Dubai
Golra, Muhammad Naseem
Peshawar
Gomes, Carlos Alberto
Delft
Gomina, Aboubakar
Delft
Gomoiu, Marian T.
Bucharest
Goodell, Christopher
Delft
Gouvernement du Québec
Ministère de L'Environnement
Latulippe, Jean Maurice
Quebec
Government of Turkey
Hezer, Tamer
Ankara
Kulga, Dincer
Ankara
Altinors, Adnan Altay
Ankara
Cakmak, Cuma
Ankara
Karahan, Aydan
Ankara
Ersumer, Cumhur
Ankara
Country
FR
LK
SE
SE
SE
CL
PH
SE
GB
BF
FR
FR
GB
TH
SE
SE
GB
SE
BF
SE
SE
BF
SE
MX
GB
SE
BF
SE
SE
ZA
BR
FR
SE
SE
IN
GB
SE
SE
GB
GB
SE
SE
GB
AR
IN
MY
SE
SE
MX
AE
PK
NL
NL
RO
NL
CA
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
PARTICIPANTS
Country
Organisation/Name
City
Government of Uganda
Government of Andhra Pradesh
Government of Bihar
Government of Gujarat
Government of Gujarat
Government of India
Government of India
Government of India
Government of India
Government of India
Government of India
Government of India
Government of India
GPD
GPZ
Great Man Made River Project
Ankara
Ankara
Ankara
Kampala
Kampala
Hyderabad
Bihar
Gandhinagar
Gandhinagar
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
Kampala
Kampala
Kampala
Amsterdam
Maputo
TR
TR
TR
UG
UG
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
UG
UG
UG
NL
MZ
Benghazi
Benghazi
LY
LY
Benghazi
Geneva
Geneva
Geneva
Geneva
Geneva
Geneva
Geneva
London
Geneva
Geneva
Ouagadougou
Ouagadougou
Abidjan
Abidjan
Rome
Moscow
Tirana
Wageningen
Madrid
Tbilisi
De Bilt
Veeningen
LY
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
GB
CH
CH
BF
BF
CI
CI
IT
RU
AL
NL
ES
GE
NL
NL
Bangkok
Echirolles
Echirolles
Powys
Tunis
Bonn
Eschborn
Eschborn
Skopje
Skopje
Skopje
Skopje
Skopje
Nanjing
TH
FR
FR
GB
TN
DE
DE
DE
MK
MK
MK
MK
MK
CN
Uncu, Tolga
Oner, Kadir Onder
Gunel, Suha
Nakyobe, Lucy
Mugoya, R. Kasozi
Sri, Raymond Peter
Singh, Radha
Gupta, Rajiv
Vyas, Jay Narayan
Prasad, Shri Gunjan
Chakravarty, Smt. Bijoya
Hasan, Shri Z.
Lau, Shri P.C.
C.P. Thakur, Shri
Vasudevan, Shri J.
Sharma, S.K.
Bhanu, Shri K.J.V.
Tagaswire, Rusoke
Muduuli, David
Wandira, J.
Nijhuis, Phil
Muhai, Simao Lourino
Shwehdi
Abdul Hakim Ettaher
Abuain, Abdul Razzak
Samin,
Omar El Farok M.
Boutruche, Théo
Charrier, Bertrand
Curtin, Fiona
Likhotal, Alexander
Dolgikh, Andrey
Palatcenko, Pravel
Reshtov, Evgeni
Heinzen, Barbara
Gaultier, Leonard
Virganskaya, Irina
Green Cross, Burkina Faso
Zone, Seydou
Green Cross, Burkina Faso
Diallo, Fatoumata
Green Cross, Côte d'Ivoire, Hahite
Urtkien
Green Cross, Côte d'Ivoire
Mahika, Mathieu
Green Cross, Italy
Pacilio, Elio
Green Cross, Russia
Baranovsky, Sergej
Green Group of the Union
Luka, Erdika
Greenhouse Engineering Department Stanghellini, Cecilia
Greenpeace
Lopez de Uralde, Juan
Greens Movement of Georgia
Chachibaia, Keti
Grontmij
Groot, T.
Ground Water Division,
Department of Mineral Resources
Somchai
Groupe Sogreah
Gaillard, Jaques
Groupe Sogreah
Dartout, Patrick-Yann
GTZ
Davies, Digby
GTZ
Koch, Ubald
GTZ
Peichert, Henrike
GTZ
Naschold, Gerhard
GTZ
Meier, Brigitta
GTZ-Water Management
Durnev, Bojan
Klein, Peter
Taseva, Jasminka
Dodeva, Stanislava
Stavrik, Vladimir
Guangxi Committe of Jiu San Society Lin, Jiang
Organisation/Name
Gulf Eternit Industries Co. Ltd
Gunawardena, Prasad
Gunawardena, Thushari
Gurkha Welfare Scheme
Haasnoot, Marjolein
Haasnoot, J.
Habitat
Hagert, Anna
Haile, Lakech
Hakim, Lukman
Hakim Justin, Peter
Hakkenberg, F.J.
Halcrow Group
Halcrow Water
Halfeti Municipality
Halfeti-Gatom
Hanash, Abdul Qadir
Hanbali, Fauwaz
Harbunou, Alexander
Harper's Magazine
Harth Heleno, Oscar
Hasan, Shaakeel
Haskoning BV
Hassan, Oumarou
Hayatuddini, Musa
Hayk, Stepanyan
Health Association
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Heijmenberg, J.
Hein Struben Advies BV
Heineken Internationaal Beheer B.V.
Heineken NV
Heineken NV
Heineken NV
Heineken NV
Heitzinger, Hans-Peter
Helmich, Caroline
Helsinki University of Technology
Herder BV
Hermawan, Benny
Hermirasari, Evi
Hettiarachchi, Prema
Heun, Jetze
HIVOS
HIVOS
HIVOS
HIVOS
Hodin, Kossi
Hoenderken-Degenhart Drenth, A.J.
Hoevenaars, J
Hofung
Hogeschool Brabant
Hogeschool Zeeland
Hogeschool Zeeland
Hogeschool Zeeland
Hogeschool Zeeland
Hogeschool Zeeland
Hogeschool Zeeland
Hogeschool Zeeland
Hogeschool Zeeland
Hohai University
Holdgate, Martin
Hoogheemraadschap van
de Krimpenwaard
City
Makhzoumi, Imad
Country
Bink, Sebastiaan
Koenen, Herman
Verkruysse, Bram
Nijssen, Alco
Prins, Jan
Nijdam, C.
Boryc, R.
Krijger, G.
Oele, Anne
Heringa, Jouke
Ren, Liliang
Cambridge
Dubai
Delft
Delft
Pokhara
Haarlem
Bennebroek
Nairobi
Stockholm
Addis Ababa
Delft
Delft
Amstelveen
Swindon
Swindon
Ankara
Sanliurfa
Sana'a
Delft
Gomel
New York, NY
Delft
Delft
Nijmegen
Delft
Delft
Delft
India
Jerusalem
Amsterdam
Overveen
Zoeterwoude
Zoeterwoude
Amsterdam
Zoeterwoude
Amsterdam
Vienna
Arnhem
Espoo
Middelburg
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Lome
Wageningen
Gilze
Beijing
Tilburg
Vlissingen
Vlissingen
Vlissingen
Vlissingen
Vlissingen
Vlissingen
Vlissingen
Vlissingen
Nanjing
GB
AE
NL
NL
NP
NL
NL
KE
SE
ET
NL
NL
NL
GB
GB
TR
TR
YE
NL
BY
US
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
IN
IL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
AT
NL
FI
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
TG
NL
NL
CN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
CN
Knops, N
Den Ijssel
NL
Thapa, Hukumraj
Pollock, Derek
Birch, David
Gökgek, Mehmet
Getintas, Emine
Jaques, Leslie
Boes, J.
Shuval, Hillel
Schuben, Hein
van Deveren, Pjotr
Holtzappel, A.
Montijn, Sietze
Vuursteen, Karel
van Oeveren, Pjotr
Varis, Ollo
Krol, Eric
Groeneveld, Minda
Douma, Willy
de Vreede, Esther
193
h
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
i
City
Hoogheemraadschap van Delfland
Hossain, Afzal
House of Representatives
of the Philippines
Houston Advanced Research Centre
HR Wallingford
Hsu, Wen-Ling
Hu, Yalin
Huang, Jen-Jie
Huber-Lee, Annette
Husinx, P.L.M.
Hussain, Saira Shahid
Hutchinson Haiduk, Denise
Hwang, Ihy-Wei
Hydro Plant, Electricity
Generation Authority
Hydro Quebec
Hydro-Quebec
Hydro-Québec / ICOLD
Hydroconseil
Hydrolab Corp.
Hydrological Service,
National Energy Authority
Hydrometeorological of Slovenia
Hydroplus
HydroRing B.V.
HYDROTOP
IAB
IAC, Intern. Agro Consulting
IAH
IAHR
ICARDA
ICARDA
ICBS-CIPE
ICCO
ICID
ICID
ICID
ICID - Indonesian National Committee
ICID Spanish National Committee
(CERYD)
ICID Spanish National Committee
(CERYD)
ICIMOD
ICLIE
ICOLD
ICOLD
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDA
IDE
194
Rahman, Joyce
van Weeren, Bert Jan
Country
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Dhaka
NL
NL
NL
NL
BD
Alvarez, Heherson
Schmandt, Jurgen
White, Rodney
Quezon City
The Woodlands, TX
Wallingford
Hsin-Chu
Delft
Delft
Brookline, MA
The Hague
Islamabad
Kingston
Delft
PH
US
GB
TW
NL
NL
US
NL
PK
JM
NL
Kridakorn, Chanaphun
Egre, Dominique
Cazelais, Normand
Guertin, Gaétan
Collignon, Bernard
Parke, Jeff
Nonthaburi
Montreal
Montreal
Montreal
Paris
Austin, TX
TH
CA
CA
CA
FR
US
Aalbers, Wil
Snorrason, Arni
Zupan, Martina
Reykjavik
Ljubljana
Levallois-Perret
The Hague
Roux, Paul-Henri
Marseille
Krens, Hans
Molenhoek
Mauderli, Anton
Oberhofen
Romijn, E.
Oosterbeek
George, Chris Fobter
Delft
Oweis, Theib
Aleppo
Hoogeveen, Robert
Aleppo
Bruyneel, Michel
Antwerp
Zeist
Fasso, Costantino
Milan
Hennessy, John
Wokingham
Rangeley, Wiliam Robert Ascot
Soeparmono
Jakarta
IS
SI
FR
NL
FR
NL
CH
NL
NL
SY
SY
BE
NL
IT
GB
GB
ID
Ortiz F.-Urrutia, Jose A.
Madrid
ES
Segura Graino, Ricardo
Chalise, Suresh Raj
Brugman, Jeb
Engel, Hein
Hoeg, Kaare
Borsani, Roberto
Awerbuch, Leon
Ejjeh, Ghassan
Winters, Harvey
Woldai, A.
Moseley, Ailisa
Tonner, John
Seta, Darlene
Pankrantz, Tom
Birkett, James
Burke, Patricia
Henthorne-Jankel, Lisa
Al-Gholaikah, Abdullah
Polak, Paul
Madrid
Kathmandu
Toronto
Amsterdam
Oslo
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Topsfield, MA
Lakewood, CO
ES
NL
CA
NL
NO
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
Organisation/Name
IDIS
IDRC
IDRC
Iemberie, Abebe Andualem
IFAD
IFAE
IFC
IFC/World Bank
IHE
IHE
IHE
IHW, ETH Zurich
IIASA
IIAV
IIAV
IIAV
IIAV
IICA
IID
IIDS, Univ. of Southhampton
IIED-AL
IIED-LA
IIMI Pakistan
City
Amiri, Sid
Faruqui, Naser
Pelletier, Joceylyne
Payen, Jean
Hetzel, Jean
Clamp, Tony
Portier, Bernard
Blokland, Maarten
Nijwenning, Stefan
van Hofwegen, Paulus
Siegfried, Tobias
Heilig, Gerhard
Blom, Joke
Kaping, Kriya
Pugh, Lin
Maharaj, Niala
Beekman, Gertjan
Eckhart, Trudy
Joshi, Deepa
Mazzuchelli, Sergio
Hardoy, Ana
Wahid Choudry
Mian Abdul
IIUE
Haring, Merel
IIUE
Deelstra, Tjeerd
IIUE
Kooi, Nynke
IIUE
Boyd, Donald
ILRI
van Weelderen, Anton
ILRI
Schrevel, A.
ILRI
Bos, M.
IMAU
van de Wal, Roderik
IME /Mediterranean Water Institute Couchoud, Milagros
IMII Pakistan
Memon, Khadim Ali
Imperial Irrigation District
Remington, Michel
Imperial Irrigation District
Eckhardt, John
IMPLO Tech
de Boom, Menzo
IMSA
Arps, Elies
Inacid Indonesia
Suparmono
INAT
Cepeda Sarabia
Fernando
Indonesian Water Council
Zainnudin, Rapiali
Indrawati, Popy
INESPA C.A.
Herrera, Lenin
Infectious Disease Diagnostic Lab. Inc. Flores, Gilarmi
ING Bank NV
Schiphorst, Max
Ingenieursbureau Rotterdam
INLW
van Alderwelt-hoog, E.M
INPIM
Herberger, Matthew
Insituto Ipanema
de Leme Franco
Ninon Machado
Inst. for Inland Water Management van de Guchte, Cees
Inst. for Sustainable Futures
White, Stuart
Inst. of Forecasting Russian
Ac. of Sciences
Revieh, Boris
Inst. of Hydrology, NERC
Ragab, Ragab
Inst. of National Agronomique
Damerdji
Mohamed Amine
Inst. of Social Studies
Hamid
Mahmoud El Zain
Inst. of Water Problems
Bardarska, Galia
Inst. Politecnico Nacional
Servin, Raul
Institut Agronomique et
Vétérinaire Hassan II
Choukr-Allah, Redouane
Country
Tremblay
Ottawa
Cairo
Delft
Rome
Paris
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Delft
Delft
Delft
Zurich
Laxenburg
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Brasilia
Brawleg, CA
Southhampton
Buenos Aires
London
FR
CA
EG
NL
IT
FR
US
US
NL
NL
NL
CH
AT
NL
NL
NL
NL
BR
US
GB
AR
GB
Lahore
Amsterdam
Delft
Delft
Delft
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Utrecht
Marseille
Lahore
Imperial
Imperial
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Jakarta
PK
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
FR
PK
US
US
NL
NL
ID
Bogota
Jakarta
Delft
Maracairo
Calamba Laguna
Amsterdam
Rotterdam
The Hague
Washington, DC
CO
ID
NL
VE
PH
NL
NL
NL
US
Sao Paulo
Lelystad
Sydney
BR
NL
AU
Moscow
Wallingford
RU
GB
Alger
DZ
The Hague
Sofia
Mexico DF
NL
BG
MX
Agadir
MA
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
Institut for Wasserwirtschaft
Institut Mediterrane de l'Eau (IME)
Institute for Environmental Studies
Institute for Housing & Urban
Development Studies
Institute for Integral
Development and Environment
Institute for Integral Development
and Environment
Institute for Integral Development
and Environment
Institute for Integrated Development
Studies, IIDS
Institute for Water Provision
Institute Mediterane de l'Eau
Institute of Geography Science and
Natural Resource
Institute of Hydrology
Institute of Industrial Science,
Univ. of Tokyo
Institute of Irrigation
and Drainage
and Drainage
and Drainage
Institute of Public Health
Institute of Public Health
Institute of Social Studies
Institute of Social Studies
Institution of Civil Engineers
Instituto da Agua
Instituto da Agua
Instituto Nacional de
Recursos Hidraulicos
Instituto Sperimentale Agronomico
Institutum Romanum Finlandiae
Int. Regulador de
Aguas e Residous
Intaquin
Integrated Communications
Integrated Resource
Management Research Pty Ltd.
Inter-American
Development Bank (IADB)
Internationaal Christelijk Steunfonds
International Aqua Investments
International Atomic
Energy Agency
Energy Agency
Energy Agency
Energy Agency
International Center for Agricultural
Research in dry areas
International Commission on
Irrigation and Drainage
City
Plate, Erich
Roussel, Malika
van der Veeren, Rob
van der Werff, Peter
Hildering, Antoinette
Country
Karlsruhe
Marseille
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
DE
FR
NL
NL
NL
Rotterdam
NL
Steinman, Franci
Ljubljana
SI
Bricelj, Mitja
Ljubljana
SI
Vahtar, Marta
Ljubljana
SI
Sainju, Mohan Man
Knapp, Andreas
Ospital, Philipe
Kathmandu
Vienna
Paris
NP
AT
FR
Li, Wenhua
Sullivan, Caroline
Bullock, Andy
Wallace, Jim
Beijing
Wallingford
Wallingford
Wallingford
CN
GB
GB
GB
Oki, Taikan
Tokyo
JP
Shimazaki, Kazuo
Tokyo
JP
Nakamura, Ryota
Tokyo
JP
Matoba, Yasunobu
Vasilescu
Micheala Nicoleta
Iacob, Iona Anka
Spoor, Max
Bekeffa, Ikendros
Fleming, George
Henriques, António
Neto, Susana
Tokyo
JP
Bucharest
Bucharest
The Hague
The Hague
London
Lisbon
Lisbon
RO
RO
NL
NL
GB
PT
PT
Alfonso Ordas, Jorge
Mastrorilli, Marcello
Bruun, Christer
Havana
Bari
Rome
CU
IT
IT
Cunha Serra, Pedro
Diepeveen, A.
Fukushima, Tamiya
Lisbon
Assen
Tokyo
PT
NL
JP
Hooper, Bruce
St. Lucia, QLD
AU
Garcia, Luis E.
Huizinga, J.
Washington, DC
Hilversum
Utrecht
US
NL
NL
Gowin, Peter
Vienna
AT
Aggarwal, Pradeep
Vienna
AT
Vienna
AT
Kastens, Royal F.
Vienna
AT
Wessels, Joshka
Thatte,
Chandrakant Damodar
Aleppo
SY
New Delhi
IN
Organisation/Name
International Commission on
Irrigation and Drainage
International Committee for the
Protection of the Danube River
International Committee
of Lawyers for Tibet
International Committee
of the Red Cross
International Council for Local
Environment Initiatives
International Council of
Enviromental Law
City
Country
Baweja, Manmohan Lal
New Delhi
IN
Bendow, Joachim
Vienna
AT
Stockman, Lorne
Berkeley, CA
US
Conti, Ricardo
Geneva
CH
Erdmenger, Cristoph
Freiburg
DE
Amsterdam
Topsfield, MA
NL
US
Cairo
EG
Kuala Lumpur
MY
Kuala Lumpur
MY
Washington, DC
US
Washington, DC
Montreal
US
CA
Enschede
London
London
NL
GB
GB
Islamabad
PK
Islamabad
PK
Islamabad
PK
Islamabad
PK
Kusatsu
JP
Washington, DC
US
Wageningen
NL
Wageningen
Bozeman, MT
NL
US
Iloilo City
Skopje
Skopje
Honolulu
Berkeley, CA
PH
MK
MK
US
US
Quezon City
Oslo
Oslo
Oslo
Oslo
London
PH
NO
NO
NO
NO
GB
Colombo
LK
Colombo
LK
Hoogendijk-Deutsch
Suzanne
International Desalination Association
International Development Research
Center (IDRC)
Baroudy, Ellysar
International Federation of Red
Cross & Red Crescent Society
Rahimah Abdullah, Sian
International Federation of Red
Cross & Red Crescent Society
Abdullah, Sian Rahimah
International Food Policy
Research Institute
Rosegrant, Mark
International Food Policy
Research Institute
Pinstrup-Andersen, Per
International Freshwater Policy
Connor, Richard
International Institute for Aerospace
Survey and Earth Science
Beek, Klaas Jan
International Institute for Environment Thompson, John
International Institute for Environment Wood, Elisabeth
International Irrigation
Ahmad, Shid
Naser, Abdul
Bhatti, Abhtar
Altaf, Zafar
International Lake Environment
Committee
Ballatore, Thomas
International Network on Participatory
Irrigation Management
International Organisation of
Agricultural Students
van Schalk, N.l.M.B
International Organisation of
Agricultural Students
van den Bos, S.A
International Project WET
Nelson, Dennis
International Rainwater
Catchment Association
Salas, Jessica Calfoforo
International Rescue Committee
Paradiso, Carmen
International Rescue Committee
Pop-Stefanija, Biserka
International Resources Group
McCauley, David
International Rivers Network
McCully, Patrick
International Training
Villaluna
Network Foundation
Rosario Aurora L.
International Water Academy
Kvarme, Christopher
Wennesland, Tor
Dyrholm, Margaret
Krantz, Bo
International Water Ltd.
Lowe, Tim
International Water
Merrey, Douglas
International Water
Shah, Tushaar
International Water
195
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
International Water
International Water
International Water
International Water
International Water
International Water
International Water
International Water
Resources Association (IWRA)
International Water
Association (IWRA)
IPIECA
IPO
IPTRID/FAU
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
j
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRC
IRCSA
IRD
IRD-MEDHYCOS
IRLI
IRMA
Irrigation & Water Engineering Group
Irrigation & Water Engineering Group
Irrigation Association
Irrigation Department
Irrigation Department
Iskreva, Diana
van Koppen, Barbara
Colombo
LK
Molden, David
Colombo
LK
de Fraiture, Charlotte
Colombo
LK
Scott, Christopher
Houston, TX
US
de Lange, Marna
Colombo
LK
van Etten, Jacobijn
Colombo
LK
Seckler, David
Colombo
LK
Devlin, Michael
Colombo
LK
Dziegielewski, Ben
Carbondale, IL
US
Braga, Benedito
Boeuf, Michel
Fort Collins, CO
London
Arnhem
Rome
Delft
Delft
US
GB
NL
IT
NL
NL
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Geleen
Delft
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Geleen
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Juazeiro, BA
Montpellier
Montpellier
Wageningen
The Hague
Wageningen
Wageningen
Fairfax, VA
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
BR
FR
FR
NL
NL
NL
NL
US
Colombo
Colombo
Sofia
Jeddah
Jeddah
LK
LK
BG
SA
SA
Stein, Thomas Manuel
Postma, Leonie
Wihuri, Heikki
Wegelin-Schuringa
Madeleen
Broersma, Loekie
Smet, Jo
Shordt, Kathleen
Casella, Deirdre
Raghavan, Rajiv Vijay
Francis, Jennifer
van der Voorden
Carolien
Bloem, Marjan
de Vette, Jacqueline
Moriarty, Patrick
Visscher, Jan Teun
Borba, Maria Lucia
Bastemeijer, Teun
Schouten, Ton
Bury, Peter
Bolt, Eveline
Snel, Marielle
Cornips, Miek
Vèzina, Marc
de Jong, Dick
van Wijk, Christine
Oosterveen, Harry
Gnadlinger, Johann
Thebe, Bernard
Morell, Marc
Denecke, Harry
Michel, Alexia S.
de Jager, Bert
Huibers, Frans
Kimmell, Thomas H.
Kamaladasa
Gamaethiralalage B.U
Kalusinghe, H.G.M.
Fadlalla, Bashir
Zaied, Nizar
196
Country
Organisation/Name
ISOCARP
ISOCARP
ISOCARP
ISRIC
Issa
Istanbul Technical University
ITAD-Water
ITAR-TASS
ITC
ITC
ITCR/Fundatec
ITN- Philippines
ITT Flygt AB
ITT Flygt AB
ITT Flygt AB
IUCN
IUCN
IUCN
IUCN
IUCN
IUCN
IUCN
IUCN - BRAO
City
Allaoui, Karim
Heyning, Helena C.M.
Baral, Hari
McLane, Elizabeth
Sombroek, Wim
Samar
Bayazit, M.
Brown, Donald
Solomin, Victor
Bastiaanssen, Wim
Rosales-escalante, Elias
Capistano, Lyn
Enell, Magnus
Hallberg, Anders
Spendilov, Monica
von Bieberstein
Koch-Wessers, Maritta
Chonguica, Ebenijario
Nishat, Ainun
Pirot, Jean-Yves
Espinosa, Christina
Bergkamp, Ger
Lamizana
Maindonanbirguy
IUCN, Botswana Country Office Jansen, Ruud
IUCN, Canada Country Office
Morry, Chris
IUCN, Canada Country Office
Mercer, Mac
IUCN, Regional Office for
Central America
Cordoba, Rocio
IUCN, Regional Office
for Eastern Africa
Emerton, Lucy A.
IUCN, Regional Office
for Eastern Africa
Howard, Geoffrey W.
IUCN, Regional Office for
Southern Africa
Kokwe, Misael
IWA
Bath, Vincent
IWA Foundation
King, Nick
IWA Publishing
Dunn, Michael
IWACO
IWACO
Bonte, Rob
IWACO
Dirks, F.J.H
IWACO
Blankwaardt, B
IWSD
Ndamba, J.
IWSD
Musabayane, N
Iyh-Gwo, Shyu
Jairath, J.
Jamsansuren, Ariunjargal
Jamyangling, Soenam T.
Jan Maddhyam
Jhaveri, Jahrana
Jansen, Gemma
Japan Broadcasting Corporation Saito, Hiroyasu
Japan Broadcasting Corporation Takashima, Hatsuhisa
Japan Sewage Works Agency
Morioka, Yasuhiro
Japan Water
Resources Association
Saito, Satoki
Japan Water Resources
Takano, Yasuji
Environment
Jasa Tirta I Public Corporation
Effendi, Mochamad
Jaspers, E.
Jelinek, Daniel
Jereissati, Tasso
Jiu Shan Society of Guangxi
Jiang, Lin
Country
Jeddah
Amsterdam
Paris
Paris
Wageningen
Delft
Istanbul
Hassocks
The Hague
Enschede
Enschede
Cartago
Manila
Solna
Solna
Solna
SA
NL
FR
FR
NL
NL
TR
GB
NL
NL
NL
CR
PH
SE
SE
SE
Gland
Pretoria
Dhaka
Gland
Gland
Gland
Gland
CH
ZA
BD
CH
CH
CH
CH
Ouagadougou
Gaborone
Montreal
Montreal
BF
BW
CA
CA
Moravia San Jose
CR
Nairobi
KE
Nairobi
KE
Harare
Johannesburg
London
London
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Harare
Harare
Delft
Hyderabad
Delft
Stockholm
New Delhi
Maastricht
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
ZW
ZA
GB
GB
NL
NL
NL
NL
ZW
ZW
NL
IN
NL
SE
IN
NL
JP
JP
JP
Tokyo
JP
Tokyo
Malang
Amsterdam
Delft
Ceara
Nanjing
JP
ID
NL
NL
BR
CN
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
Joint River Commission
Joint Stock company "Kaunas Water"
Joint Stock company "Kaunas Water"
Joki-Hubach, Annelie
Jonker, Natasja
Jonoski, Andreja
Joshi, Kamal Ram
Joshi, Rajendra Bir
Junior Chamber International
Juthamas, Kamlai
K&M Engineering &
Consulting Corporation
Kabirova, Milia
Kalegga, Fredrick
Kalpana, E.
Kalu Hennadige
Kamal, Mustafa
Kamalie, A
Kamalvie, Ashaadia
Kamudyariwa, Christina
Kankya, Ronald
Kansal, Nitin
Kanyesigye, Christopher
Karki, Ajoy
Kassim, Salha
Kato, Kenichiro
Kawano, Katsuaki
Kazi, Iqbal Hassan
Kc, Lok Bahadur
Keio University
Kenya Meteorological Department
Kerken in Aktie
Keuken, Marian
Khan, Karim
Khanakwa, Pamela
Khare, Sunil Kumar
Khumbane, Tshepo
KICI
Kijazi, Paul
Kinki University
Kiraya, Gichere
Kironde, David
KIT
KIT-AED
KIWA NV
KIWA NV
KIWA NV
KIWA NV
KIWA NV
Kiwanuka, Sonko
Kleinjans, M.H.
Klok, Sam Ang
Klub Gaja
KNCV
KNI-ICID, Ditjenair Dept. PU
KNI-ICID, Ditjenair Dept. PU
Koldashi, Evelina
Kongfook, Guillermo
Koning, M.
Kools, S.
Korea National Assembly
Korea Water Resources
Corporation (KOWACO)
Korevaar-van 't Hoog, N.
City
Azizul Haque, Mohamed
Bushmonas, Juozas
Kytra, Stasys
Bisdee, Karyn
Kappaz, Michael H.
Bandula Padhmasiri
Saito, Moeko
Maina, J.M.
Klaasen, Geert
Fritz, J.
Hatcho, Nobumasa
Verkuijl, Hugo
Wentholt, Wilma
Schulting, Frans
Mentjox, George
Denneman, Wim
Schippers, Jan
Bozek, Jacek
Gondrie, P.C.F.M
Masyhudi, Sri Hernowo M.
Sudjana, Tjetjep
Son, Sung-Tal
Myong-Nim, Kim
Country
Amersfoort
Kaunas
Kaunas
Tervuren
The Hague
Delft
Delft
Delft
Coral Gables, FL
Delft
NL
LT
LT
BE
NL
NL
NL
NL
US
NL
Washington, DC
Chelyabinsk
Delft
Kalyan district
Colombo
Delft
Delft
Beaville
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Kobe
Delft
Delft
Matsugaoka-Shi
Nairobi
Utrecht
Apeldoorn
Delft
Kampala
Delft
Wadrift Cullinan
The Hague
Delft
Nara
Delft
Delft
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Nieuwegein
Rijswijk
Rijswijk
Nieuwegein
Nieuwegein
Delft
The Hague
Delft
Krakow
The Hague
Jakarta
Jakarta
Tirana
Delft
Zeist
Amsterdam
Seoul
US
RU
NL
IN
LK
NL
NL
ZA
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
JP
NL
NL
JP
KE
NL
NL
NL
UG
NL
ZA
NL
NL
JP
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PL
NL
ID
ID
AL
NL
NL
NL
KP
Taejon
Giessenburg
KP
NL
Organisation/Name
Kosgi Mandala Mahila Samakya
Kosters, Liesbeth
Kothuis, B.J.A.
Kraijo, Arjan
Kreber, Lia
Kreber, Hans
Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau
Krishna, Belbase
KUB
Kudumbam
Kuitert, J.
Kulasinghe, H.G.M.
Kuo, Ming-Shu
Kurniawan, Eko Budi
Kuru Development Trust
Kurup, K. Balachandra
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
KWAHO
Kwarteng-Amaning, Mavis
Kyambadde, Richard
l'Agence de l'eau
La Cruz Alvarez, Gonzalo
La Mascara
La Mascara
La Mascara
City
Konkepudi, Anuradha
Boehm, Hannelore
de Lange, Jeanette
Reddy, St Someshekere
Vanderpost, Cornelis
Al-Rashed, Muhammad
Mwangola, Margaret
Bernad, Christian
Salazar, Lucia Amaya
Bolanos, Janeth Mesias
Restrepo Mejia
Maria del Pilar
La Mascara
Morales, Adriana Tamayo
La Mascara
Murillo, Nicol Andrea
La Mascara
Bolanos de Camargo, Lucy
Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Sociale Glowczewski, Barbara
Laguna Lake Development Authority Mendoza, Joaquin
Lahmeyer International GmbH
Chegwin, Michael
Lake Biwa Museum
Kada, Yukiko
Lake Biwa Research Institute
Nakamura, Masahisa
Diguibaye, Georges
Mey, Ousmane
Assane, Mahamane
Kana, Issa
Oguntola, Johnson A.
Jauro, Abubakar Bobboj
Saleh, Kebzabo
Bidliya, Hassan
Shaib, Bukar
Ngantou, Daniel
Danjaji, Mahmudu
Lakenet - Monitor International
Borre, Lisa
Landustrie Sneek BV
Lane, Jon
Lao International Mekong Committee Phoumauong, Sourasay
Larenstein,
Internationale Agrarische Hogeschool
Latham, E.
Latvian National Women League
Ermansone, Ilona
Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory
Rogers, Leah
Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory
Knapp, Richard
LCED
Sultana, Afroz
Lee, Shao-Yi
Lekoa Water Company
Molebatsi, Sam
Lepelle Northern Water
Vermeulen, Wessel
Lepelle Northern Water
Modisha, Willie
Lesotho Highlands Water Commission Mochebelele, R.T.
Lets Save the River
Krylov, Fiodor
197
Country
Mahabubnagar
Enschede
Doetinchem
The Hague
Dordrecht
Dordrecht
Frankfurt
Delft
Dinteloord
Madras
Bennebroek
Colombo
Delft
Delft
Ghanzi
Trivandrum, Kerala
Safat
Nairobi
Delft
Delft
Montreal
Lima
Santiago de Cali
Santiago de Cali
IN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
DE
NL
NL
IN
NL
LK
NL
NL
BW
IN
KW
KE
NL
NL
CA
PE
CO
CO
Santiago de Cali
Santiago de Cali
Santiago de Cali
Santiago de Cali
Paris
Pasig City
Bad Vilbel
Kusatsu
Otsu
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
N'Djamena
Annapolis, MA
Sneek
Derbyshire
Vientiane
CO
CO
CO
CO
FR
PH
DE
JP
JP
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
US
NL
GB
LA
Velp
The Hague
Riga
NL
NL
LV
Livermore, CA
US
Livermore, CA
Dhaka
Delft
Vereenigina
Phnom Penh
Palaborwa
Pretoria
Nizhnij Novgorod
US
BD
NL
ZA
ZA
ZA
ZA
RU
k
l
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
Lets Save the River
LGED
LGED
m
LGED
LHDA
Li, Jenn-Feng
Li, Zhizhong
Li, Yan
Li, Kungang
Liang, Dogmei
Lielrtgas Regional Env. Board
Lievenberg ziekenhuis
LIFE
Likotsi
Lin, Chia-Hung
Liu, Fengshou
Local Goverment Engineering Dept.
London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine
London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine
Lopez Avakos, Rosita
Louati, Ethedi
Louwe Kooijmans, J.
Lubega Matovu, George
Ludwig, Hilde
Luijendijk, Jan
Luka Kenyl, Rlia
LWI
LWI
Lyatuu, Gertrude
Lyonaisse des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
Lyonnaise des Eaux
LYSA
Maastricht School of Management
MAF
Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka
Kolpakova, Lena
Rahman, Moshiur
Chowdhury
Monwar Hossain
Haque, Shahidul
Tsehlo, Thabang
Nizhnij Novgorod
Hornchurch
RU
GB
Sajjad, Khan
Dhaka
Dhaka
Maseru
Taipei
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Riga
Bergen op Zoom
Rajagiriya
Delft
Delft
Delft
Dhaka
BD
BD
LS
TW
NL
NL
NL
NL
LV
NL
LK
NL
NL
NL
BD
Curtis, Valerie
London
GB
Cairncross, Sandy
London
Delft
Tunis
Haarlem
Delft
Amsterdam
Delft
Delft
Gouda
Gouda
Dar Es Salaam
Pasig City
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Nanterre
Maastricht
Kwacheon
Kandy
Colombo
GB
NL
TN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
TZ
PH
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
NL
KP
LK
LK
Colombo
Cotonou
Moundou
Kampala
Kampala
Kiev
Wassenaar
LK
BJ
TD
UG
UG
UA
NL
Krivmane, Sandra
Karkuly, Kaled
Nanayakkara, Ruwan
Rethabile Cornelia
Holdert, P.
Martens, R.P.
Flor, Mai
Payen, Gérard
Piednoel, Christophe
Barberis, Olivia
Ogeron, Dominique
Cuvelier, Antoine
Chambolle, Thierry
Cairo, Patrick
Moss, Jack
Brailowski, Alexandre
Sivat, Michel
Ezanno, Grégoire
Kaison, François
Manem, Jacques
Trancart, Jean-Luc
Mathys, Alain
Uzin, Luiz
Labre, Jacques
Jourdain, Jean-Loup
Rivera Luna, Oscar
Heijdra, Guido
Kwon, Sang-Pil
Herath, Manthrithilake
Hewage, Ariyaratne
Hatutusinha
Ranjanie Lanka
Mairie de Cotonou
Kiniffo, Maximilian
Mairie de Moundou
Laouken, Kourayo
Makerere University
Kansiime, F.
Makerere University, Medical School Tumwine, James
Maksymchuk, Volodymyr
Maljers, F.A.
198
Country
Organisation/Name
MAMA-86
MAMA-86
MAMA-86
MAMA-86
MAMA-86
MAMA-86
MAMA-86
MAMA-86
Management System Consultants
Manik, Kimron
MANPA
Marathon Ceramics
Margron, Patrick
Masayesva, Vernon
Maskey, Shreedhar
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Masud, , Md. Sohel
Matthews, Geoffrey
Mawalla, Praygod
Mawere, Misery
Mayor City of Maribor
Mbawo, Esther
McGill University
Médécins sans Frontières
Medeiros-Leitao, , Sanderson
Medical Coordination Secretariat
Mediterranean Agronomic Institute
Mediterranean Water Institute
Mediterranean Water Institute
Mediterranean Water Network /
MEDTAC
Medrano, G.
MEDTAC
Meerburg-Wiesinga, C.S.
Meggo, Richard
Mehmood, Khalid
Mehtizade, Zenfira
Mejia Mendoza, Jorge
Mekong River Commission Secretariat
Mekong River Commission Secretariat
Member World Water Commission
Memon, Nadeem Jawaid
Menhv/ Goverment Benin
Mergani, Salwa
Metropolitan Manila Dev. Authority
Mexican Inst. of Water Technology
Slesarenok, Svitlana
Oliynikova, Galina
Golubvska-Onisimova
Anna
Vykhristyuk, Iryna
Kumysch, Natalya
Kolomiyets, Iryna
Tsygulyova, Olga
Tsvetkova, Anna
Florentin, Jean-Pierre
Horner, Michael Coppet
White, Dave
Sanyal, Bish
Sovic, Boris
Buszard, Deborah
Small, Ian
Chanda, Dixon
Davis, Austen
van der Meer, Joost
van Soest, Marcel
Doodeman, Sylvia
Landmeter, Freek
Oudman, Martin
de Vries, Christina
Lacirignola, Cosimo
Bourgeois, Jean
Benblidia, Mohammed
Maestu, Josefina
Tsiourtis, Nicos
Sukhsri, Chaiyuth
Kristensen, Joern
van den Berg, J.T.
Augusteijn-Esser, M.J.
van der Heek, Annet
Klein Molekamp
Jan Hendrik
Dijkstal, Hans
Hessing, E.L.P.
Geluk, J.A.
Herebrugh, W.
Masire, Ketumile
Tonato, Jose Didier
Binay, Jejomar
Aldama, Alvaro
City
Country
Kiev
Kiev
UA
UA
Kiev
Kiev
Kiev
Kiev
Kiev
Kiev
Paris
Delft
Seattle
Aix en Provence
Scottsdale, AZ
Delft
Cambridge
Delft
McLean
Delft
Delft
Maribor
Lusaka
Montreal
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Brasilia
Utrecht
Valenzano
Marseille
Marseille
UA
UA
UA
UA
UA
UA
FR
NL
CH
US
FR
US
NL
US
NL
US
NL
NL
SI
ZM
CA
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
BR
NL
IT
FR
FR
Madrid
Nueva Guinea
Nicosia
The Hague
Delft
Peshawar
Baku
Delft
Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
ES
NI
CY
NL
NL
PK
AZ
NL
KH
KH
NL
NL
NL
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Gaborone
Delft
Cotonou
Delft
Manila
Jiutepec, Morelos
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
BW
NL
BJ
NL
PH
MX
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
Mexican Inst. of Water Technology
Meyer-Quist, A.
MFA
Middendorp, J.
Middle East Desalination Research Center
Middle East Multilateral
Working Group on Water Resources
Middle East Multilateral Working
Group on Water Resources
Milutin, Darko
Minister des Mines, de
l’Energie et de l’Hydraulique
Minister of Ethiopia
Minister of Irrigation & Power
Minister of Public Works and Housing
Minister of Transport, Public
Works and Water Management
Minister of Water
Minister to the Prime Minister Office
Ministère de l'Aménagement du
Teniloue de l'Environment
Ministère de l'Energie et de l'Hydraulique
Ministère de l'Environnement et de l'Eau
Ministère de l'Equipement
Ministère de l'Hydraulique
Ministère de l'Hydraulique et de l'Energie
Ministère de l'Hydraulique et de l'Energie
Ministère de l'Interieur
Ministere des mines, de
l'Energie et de l'Hydraulique
Ministere du Developpement
Rural de Benin
Ministerio de Medio Ambiente
Ministerio de Relaciones Enteriores
y Culto de Bolivia
City
Hidalgo, Jorge
Country
Genthner, Klaus
Quteishat, Koussai
McCarthy, Shannon
Jiutepec, Morelos
Bodegraven
Brussels
Amsterdam
Al Khuwair
Al Khuwair
Muscat
MX
NL
UZ
NL
OM
OM
OM
Kawash, Fadel
Reston, VA
US,
Borghouty, Ihab
Reston, VA
US
Shampine, William
Reston, VA
US
Aviram, Ram
Reston, VA
US
Assaf, Karen
Reston, VA
US
Weiss, Tamara
Reston, VA
US
El-Naser, Hazim
Reston, VA
US
Lenox, Anna
Reston, VA
US
Alem, Zafer
Reston, VA
US
Quandar, Edward
Reston, VA
Delft
US
NL
Azonsi, Felix
Jatso, Shiferaw
Ratwatte, Anuruddha
Colin Costley White
Roberto
Cotonou
Addis Ababa
Colombo
BJ
ET
LK
Maputo
MZ
Netelenbos, T.
Ratashobya, Datius
Bhotiwihok, Savit
The Hague
Dar Es Salaam
Bangkok
NL
TZ
TH
Rivaud, Jean Paul
Gerard, Bakale
Tassoua, Jean Marie
Beatrice, Gakuba
Ossete, Jean Michel
Compaoré
Ouango Athanase
Taghouane, Bouamor
Faye, Mamadou
Fall, Astou Faye
Ababacar, Ndao
Coly, Seni
Ould Mohamed
el Hacen, Saadou Ebih
Ould Zahaf
Cheikh Ahmed
Conzemius, Jean-Paul
Paris
Brazzaville
Brazzaville
Brazzaville
Brazzaville
FR
CG
CG
CG
CG
Ouagadougou
Rabat
Dakar
Dakar
Dakar
Dakar
BF
MA
SN
SN
SN
SN
Nouakchott
MR
Nouakchott
Luxembourg
MR
LU
Dansou, Essou Felix
Cotonou
BJ
Toni, Tossa Jerome
Santafe Martinez
Jose Maria
Villanueva Gutierrez
Jose Gabino
Cotonou
BJ
Madrid
ES
La Paz
BO
Tajiev, H.
Organisation/Name
Ministre of Irrigation & Water Res.
Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry
Ministry for Co-ordination
of Enviromental Affairs
Ministry for Environmental Affairs
Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Ministry for the Environment
Ministry for Water Resources
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture & Lands Affairs
Ministry of Agriculture & Water
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Ministry of Agriculture and Lands
Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development
Rural Development
Rural Development
Water Management
Water Management
Natural Resources & Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture,
Food and Environment
Forestry and Water Economy
Ministry of Agriculture, Natural
Resources & Environment
Nature Management and Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture, Nature
Management and Fisheries
City
Country
Mohamed El Amin
Mahgob
Molterer, Wilhelm
Khartoum
Vienna
SD
AT
Rafael, Pius
Gosuin, Didier
Jung, Helmut
Andersson, Gun-Britta
Ravola, Satu
Cedergren, Jan
Kuylenstierna, Johan
Jacobsson, Sussanne
Larsson, Kjell
Farrugia, Joseph
Zammit Dimech, Francis
Vella, Louis
Berntell, Anders
Tornqvist, Anette
Engfeldt, Lars Goran
Strom, Jakob
Razzaq, Abdur
Puncochar, Pavel
Alberto, Fe
El Haouari, Nawal
Petrovic, Pavel
Horchani, Ameur
Dorji, Lyonpo Kinzang
Gyamtsho, Pema
Al-Mammry, Salim Bin Ali
Njobe-Mbuli, Bongiwe
Al-Zahwani, Ahmed
Maunula, Markku
Neunehella, P.S.S.
Maputo
Brussels
Vienna
Stockholm
Helsinki
Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm
Floriana
Floriana
Floriana
Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm
Dhaka
Prague
Quezon City
Rabat
Zagreb
Tunis
Thimphu
Thimphu
Ruwi
Pretoria
Pretoria
Helsinki
Battaramulla
MZ
BE
AT
SE
FI
SE
SE
SE
SE
MT
MT
MT
SE
SE
SE
SE
BD
CZ
PH
MA
HR
TN
BT
BT
OM
ZA
SA
FI
LK
Pham, Thi Hong
Hanoi
VN
Nguyen, Dinh Thinh
Hanoi
VN
Doan, The Uong
Hanoi
VN
Rakhmatov, S.
Brussels
UZ
Jalalov, A.
Brussels
UZ
Huinink, Jan
Monteiro Lima
Maria de Lourdes
Ede
NL
Braia
CV
Monteiro, Emanuel
Pinto Montgro
Jose Antonio
Braia
CV
Braia
CV
Gorcev, Marjan
Skopje
MK
Themistocleous, Costas
Nicosia
CY
Brinkhorst, Laurens Jan
The Hague
NL
Thissen, Fritz
The Hague
NL
Koopman, Nicolette
The Hague
NL
Meurs,
The Hague
NL
199
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
200
Country
Braks, Paul
The Hague
NL
Neeteson, Co
The Hague
NL
Paul, Harry
The Hague
NL
Eikenaar, Esmé
The Hague
NL
Kos, C.W.
The Hague
NL
Bouwhuis, J.
The Hague
NL
Ganzevoort, Elisabeth
The Hague
NL
Spliethof, Petra
The Hague
NL
Rittershaus, Leendert
The Hague
NL
Faber, Geke
The Hague
NL
van Bodegraven, Johan
The Hague
NL
Staljanssens, Marl
The Hague
NL
van Gemerden, Anja
The Hague
NL
Belonje, Johan
The Hague
NL
Res, Lyda
The Hague
NL
Gooren, Pieter
The Hague
NL
Hoogeveen, H.
The Hague
NL
Kleinmeulman, A.M.W.
The Hague
NL
Hoogeveen, J.P.
The Hague
NL
Verhulst, Jacob
The Hague
NL
de Jong, H.
The Hague
NL
Mensink, M.
Deventer
NL
de Greve, Pol
The Hague
NL
Pierhagen, Ewoud
The Hague
NL
van den Aarssen, Lilian
The Hague
NL
Verstrate, Frans
Ede
NL
Groen, Siep
Deventer
NL
Prak, H.
The Hague
NL
Hunnik, V.
The Hague
NL
de Leeuw, J.F.
The Hague
NL
Reumer, Erik
Diemen
NL
Eggink, Henk
The Hague
NL
Organisation/Name
Ministry of Agriculture, Water
& Rural Development
Ministry of Agriculture, Water
& Rural Development
Ministry of Communications and Works
Ministry of Communications and Works
Ministry of Construction & Transportation
Ministry of Cooperation and Integration
Ministry of Cooperation and Integration
Ministry of Ecology and
Natural Resources
Ministry of Education & Research
Ministry of Electricity & Water
Ministry of Energy and Water
Development
Development
Ministry of Energy,
Water and Natural Resources
Ministry of Energy,
Water and Natural Resources
Ministry of Env. Protection and Reg. Dev.
Ministry of Env. Protection and Reg. Dev.
Ministry of Enviroment and
Physical Planning
City
Country
Bakker, A.
The Hague
NL
Peeters, H.
The Hague
NL
Heyns, Pieter Stephanus
Windhoek
NA
Shivute, Vaino Povanhu
Charles, Pierre
Carrette, Samuel
Zhongping, Hu
Kondo, Satoru
Hashimoto, Takeshi
Imamura, Yoshiyuki
Won, In Hee
Yakubu Bassi, Sule
Gana, Jerry
Windhoek
Roseau
Roseau
Beijing
Ibaraki
Tokyo
Tokyo
Kwacheon
Abuja
Abuja
NA
DM
DM
CN
JP
JP
JP
KP
NG
NG
Bilokon, Volodymyr
Reza Bayanolhagh
Mohammad
van der Laan, H.B.M.
Zargar Pour, Rasoul
Blokland, D.A.
Bitaraf, Habibollah
Neirizi, Saeed
von Meijenfeldt, F.H.
Uijt de Haag, H.
Badiei, Payman
Bakker, H.J.
van Schaagen, R.E.
Vreeswijk, H.
Jahani, Abbasgholi
Buijink, Chr. P.
Crietee, M.A.
Jorritsma - Lebbink, A.
Tankink, H.J.
Ghanoun, Morteza
Engering, F.A.
Detmes, Autrea
Darwish, Abdulmonem
Dawood, H.E. Abdullah A.
Aldulaimi, Fahad
Sajwani, Tahir M.
Al-Nabhani, Saeed A.
Rakotondrainibe
Jean Herivelo
Rasoza, Charles
Oliveira Mendes
Paulo Emilio
Augusto Tito, Rui
Kiev
UA
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Bonn
Doha
Ruwi
Doha
Ruwi
Ruwi
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
DE
QA
OM
QA
OM
OM
Antananarivo
Antananarivo
MG
MG
Luanda
Luanda
AO
AO
Katai, Eusebius
Lusaka
ZM
Hussen, Adam
Niyibizi, Bonaventura
Lusaka
Boulevard de
l'Umuga
ZM
Mwanafunzi, Bruno
Danilevica, Inita
Bruvers, Zigfrids
Kigali
Riga
Riga
RW
LV
LV
Kovacevic, Bozo
Rovira, Natalia
Zagreb
HR
Andorra La Vella AD
RW
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
MInistry of Environment
Ministry of Environment and Water
Ministry of Environment and
Water - GIRE
Water - GIRE
Water - GIRE
Ministry of Environmental Protection
Ministry of Finance
City
Country
Kjellen, bo
Cilinskis, Einars
Matuska, Milan
Psenica, Jan
Chung, Dong-Soo
Miklos, Laszlo
Widzyk, Jerzy
Tokarczuk, Antoni
Hansen, Paul
Szwarc, Piotr
Valatka, Simonas
Calbo, Silvia
Kopaj, Lubomir
Keraf, Sonny
Kurusakiz, Oya Bumin
Jaskiewicz, Jacek
Shin, Dong-Won
Goerens, Charles
Nowak, Przemyslaw
Lygis, Danius
Sikra, Juraj
Yoon, Seong-Kyu
Ouattara, Nathalie
Diallo, Ousmane Souleymane
Yf, Bongnessan Arsene
Stockholm
Riga
Bratislava
Bratislava
Seoul
Bratislava
Warsaw
Warsaw
Luxembourg
Warsaw
Vilnius
Andorra La Vella
Bratislava
Jakarta
Ankara
Warsaw
Kwacheon
Luxembourg
Warsaw
Vilnius
Bratislava
Seoul
Ouagadougou
Ouagadougou
Ouagadougou
SE
LV
SK
SK
KP
SK
PL
PL
LU
PL
LT
AD
SK
ID
TR
PL
KP
LU
PL
LT
SK
KP
BF
BF
BF
Onedraogo, Innocent
Ouagadougou
BF
Thiombiano, Jerôme
Ouagadougou
BF
Koanda, Sabné
Barkans, Indrikis
Loschacoff, Daniel
Richelle, J.N.M.
de Koning, Peter
Bouwens, A.P.
Pechaczek, Marisia
Frerks, Georg E.
Trommel, Cock
Seroo, Didier
Ahlers, Rhodante
Sterkenburg, J.J.
Baard, Francine
MacDonald, Adrian
Koehler, Erika
Holm Andersens, Margarethe
Frederiks, Jaap
van der Zee, Michiel
Hartogh, H.
ter Weel, Paul
Ruiter, Noeke
Kuip, Sonja
Ruijters, Yvonne
Hassing, Paul
Buikema, Harry
de Loenen, Corry
den Heijer, Debby
van Rijn, J.
Rooimans, Jaap
Braakhuis, N.W.M.
Roelofs, Karin
Bronkhorst
Broerse, Jacueline
van de Zon, Ton
Ouagadougou
Riga
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Copenhagen
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
BF
LV
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
DK
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Organisation/Name
City
Storm
Yunliang, Xie
Lubbers, J.J.P.M.
van Reesch, E.
Stok, A.P.
Zonneveld, A.
Roos, Fred
Soels, Kees
van Noordenne, Bas
Mingoen, Hariette
van den Berg, R.D.
Smit Sibinga, K.T.
Edmund, Wendy
Jansen, E.
Versteeg, Mark
Postma, Leah
Steeghs, Jeroen
Janssen
van den Blink, Ewoud
Dumoré, Pim
Jensen, Kurt Morck
Bijlmer, Joep
van Dongen, Toine
van Driel, Antje
van Zwieten, Bart
van den Dool, H.G.C.
van Doorn, Ko
Rahman, Rita
van Hussen, Jose
Bakker, Helene
Tuffaha, Hikmat
De Sousa, Anna Carla
Hop, Harmen
Bade, Jan
Vos-Barnes, E.A.
Makken, F.A.
Nishimura, Koji
Ramaer, P.A.
van Vliet, Theo
Karwal, S.K.
van Kesteren
Boegborn, Fea
Keiner, F.P.
Keijzer, Lijda
Blom, Joep
Elema, R.D.
Beemsterboer
Sizoo, Koen
Knoben, I.P.H.
Bartelink, A.A.
Claessens, R.
van Schooten, Harry
Wevers, Anneke
le Coultre, Paul
Hansen, Jan Moeller
Copper, A.H.
Ankersmit, Willem
Chadwick, Matthew
Lekkerkerker, Arrsen
de Kwaasteniet, M.
Goldberg, Ronald
Andriessen, J.
Teunissen, Hans
Lammers, Pieter
201
The Hague
Beijing
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Copenhagen
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Damascus
Ivanda
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Tokyo
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Copenhagen
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Country
NL
CN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
DK
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
SY
AO
NL
NL
NL
NL
JP
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
DK
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DML)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DRU)
Ministry of Forgein Affairs
Ministry of Housing and
Physical Planning
Ministry of Housing and
Physical Planning
Ministry of Housing, Spatial
Planning and the Environment
202
Country
Lemmers, Annet
van Ginhoven, D.C.
Alberda, Janet
Gregersen, Jens Otto
Gribling, F.
Oosterman, Maresa
Lantain, Lysander
Goeders, Shirley
Oppewal, Jolke
Leemhuis-de Regt, Elly
Gerbrandy, Alex
Lansink, T.
Schiller, Bente
van Schaik, M.
de Goey, G.
Winsemius, Pieter
Keijzer, Roy
van Lidth de Jeude, Marije
Lemma, Seifeselassie
Arai, Shinichi
Okamura, Jiro
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Copenhagen
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Copenhagen
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Addis Ababa
Tokyo
Tokyo
NL
NL
NL
DK
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
DK
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
ET
JP
JP
Basnet, Khagendra
Shrestha
Dhruva Bahadur
Kathmandu
NP
Kathmandu
NP
de Kock, Elise
The Hague
NL
Goedkoop, Anneke
The Hague
NL
Montanus, Peter
The Hague
NL
Tavenier, Jacco
The Hague
NL
Bergsma, Annemiek
The Hague
NL
Fokké, Marion
The Hague
NL
Swager, Jacob
The Hague
NL
Bouman, Nicolette
The Hague
NL
van Venetie, Rudi
The Hague
NL
Plomp, Commerijn
The Hague
NL
Kamphuis, Henk
The Hague
NL
Oudeman, Adriaan
The Hague
NL
de Boer, Mettsje
The Hague
NL
van Vonderen, Birgit
The Hague
NL
Kohl, Annelie
The Hague
NL
Boelhouwer, Goos
The Hague
NL
Ramakers, Caren
The Hague
NL
Booneman, Ep
The Hague
NL
Martijnse, Gerard
The Hague
NL
Organisation/Name
City
Country
Reinhold, Wilfred
The Hague
NL
Zoeteman, B.C.J.
The Hague
NL
Simoncelli, Romana
The Hague
NL
Plug, Cees
The Hague
NL
Been, Bart
The Hague
NL
Reilink, Ester
The Hague
NL
van den Bergen, Vincent
The Hague
NL
Visser, Steven
The Hague
NL
Laman, Jacqueline
The Hague
NL
Rembierz, Wolfgang
The Hague
NL
Rerhioui, Sarida
The Hague
NL
Ardon, Ger
The Hague
NL
Leenen, Imke
The Hague
NL
Zoeteman, Kees
The Hague
NL
Haring, Bernard
The Hague
NL
Pronk, Jan
The Hague
NL
Cramer, Wennemar
The Hague
NL
Verhey, Herman
The Hague
NL
Verhoog, J.
The Hague
NL
Suurland, Jan
The Hague
NL
Pappenheim, Albert
The Hague
NL
Greve, Martine
The Hague
NL
Meijer, Kees
The Hague
NL
Kuiper, Rienk
van Schouwenburg
Hubert Menalda
Wageningen
NL
The Hague
NL
Roos, Ary
The Hague
NL
de Roos, Mark
The Hague
NL
de Boer, Yvo
The Hague
NL
Jonkers, Douwe
The Hague
NL
van Laarhoven, Kees
van Teylingen
Kathelijne
The Hague
NL
The Hague
NL
Beunders, Marjolein
The Hague
NL
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
Ministry of Hydraulics &
Electric Resources
Electric Resources
Water Resources
Ministry of irrigation
Ministry of Irrigation
Ministry of Irrigation & Power
Ministry of Irrigation and
Water Resources
Water Resources
Water Resources
Water Resources
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Lands,
Human Settlement and Env. Protection
Ministry of Lands,
Human Settlement and Env. Protection
Ministry of Local Goverment
Ministry of Local Goverment
and Housing
Ministry of Major and Medium Irrigation
Ministry of Minerals, Energy
& Water Affairs
Ministry of Minerals, Energy
& Water Affairs
Ministry of Natural Resources
Ministry of Planning and Int.
Cooperation
Cooperation
Cooperation
Cooperation
Cooperation
Ministry of Public Works
Ministry of Public Works Hidraulic Works Directorate
Ministry of Regional Dev.
and Public Works
Ministry of Resources
Ministry of Rural Development
and Water Development
Ministry of Rural Development
and Water Development
City
Country
Prast, Juliaan
The Hague
NL
Kakebeeke, Willem
The Hague
NL
Faber, Bassam
Beirut
LB
El-Jetni, Joseph
Beirut
LB
Traboulsi, H.I. Suleiman
Almasri, Abdulaziz
El Uosy, Dia El Din Ahmed
Jinadasa
Warasuman Pedige
Ratnayake, Ranjith
Medagama, Jaliya
Beirut
Damascus
Cairo
LB
SY
EG
Colombo
Colombo
Colombo
LK
LK
LK
Ahmed, Yousif Fadlalla
Adam
Ahmed Mohamed
Khartoum
SD
Khartoum
SD
Ahmed, Gibriel Alelatief
Khartoum
SD
Mohamed, Kamal A.
van Krieken, Peter
Khartoum
The Hague
SD
NL
Rutabingwa, Frank
Hajabakiga
Mugorenejo Patricia
Affey, Mohamed Abdi
Kigali
RW
Kigali
Nairobi
RW
KE
Sejani, Ackson
Rao, Mandava V.
Lusaka
Hyderabad
ZM
IN
Mokgothu, Boometswe
Gaborone
BW
Marole, Blackie
Tau, Khomoatsana
Abreu, Osvaldo
Ramoeli, P.S.
Moleleki, Monyane
Shevchenco, Margarita
Prazeres, Luis Alberto
Strepetov, Vladimir
Gaborone
Maseru
Sao Tome
Maseru
Maseru
Moscow
Sao Tome
Moscow
BW
LS
ST
LS
LS
RU
ST
RU
Shaddid, Jaafar
The Hague
NL
Dorkhom, Yussef
The Hague
NL
Shareef, Nabeel
The Hague
NL
Habbab, Yousef
The Hague
NL
Abu-Zahra, Bader
Soenarno, Nano
The Hague
Jakarta
NL
ID
Gomez, Rodrigo
Santiago
CL
Nikiforov, Plamen
Kcatafago, Selim
Sofia
Beirut
BG
LB
Masoka, Ngoni
Harare
ZW
Mawere, Gilbert
Harare
ZW
Organisation/Name
Ministry of Social Development
Ministry of Trade & Industry
Ministry of Trade & Industry
Ministry of Transport, Communication
and Water Management
Ministry of Transport,
Public Works and Water Management
City
Country
Fariz, Ghaith
Kinkor, Jaroslav
Iwanicki, Jerzy
Liiv, Harry
Hlavacek, Jiri
Kuzvart, Milos
Lim, Swee Say
Lai, Wei Lin
Amman
Prague
Warsaw
Tallinn
Prague
Prague
Singapore
Singapore
JO
CZ
PL
EE
CZ
CZ
SG
SG
Katona, Kàlmàn
Kertesine Komlossy
Aniko
Budapest
HU
Budapest
HU
Boros, István
Budapest
HU
Kresznóczki, Agnes
Budapest
HU
Hardy, András
Budapest
HU
Birck, Erno
Budapest
HU
Hollo, Gyula
Budapest
HU
Gazdag, Iboya
Budapest
HU
Ambrus, Zoltan
Budapest
HU
Remai, Janos
Budapest
HU
Karolyi, Csaba
Budapest
HU
Antok, Gabor
Budapest
HU
Hajós, Béla
Budapest
HU
Ploeg, W.
The Hague
NL
Beukema, A.
The Hague
NL
Jacobs, J.H.G.
The Hague
NL
Blom, G.
The Hague
NL
Leeuwis, M.
The Hague
NL
van der Beesen, A.
The Hague
NL
Oudshoorn, B.
The Hague
NL
de Blecourt, C.
The Hague
NL
van Dijk, J.
The Hague
NL
Post, F.
The Hague
NL
Verwolf, G.
The Hague
NL
Duijsens, J.
Utrecht
NL
van Eijbergen, B.
The Hague
NL
Scheffers, M.
The Hague
NL
Dirkson, M.
The Hague
NL
203
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
Ministry of Transport, Public Works
204
Country
Prins, H.
The Hague
NL
van Dixhoorn, K.
The Hague
NL
Bijlsma, L.
The Hague
NL
Drupsteen
The Hague
NL
Oosterbaan, G.
The Hague
NL
Tutein-Nolthenius, L.A.
Utrecht
NL
Bos, M.
The Hague
NL
de Vries, M.
The Hague
NL
van Hoof, F.
The Hague
NL
Scholten, H.
The Hague
NL
Overbeek, H.J.
The Hague
NL
de Villeneuve, C.H.V.
The Hague
NL
Hofstra, M.
The Hague
NL
Laboyrie, H.P.
Utrecht
NL
van der Hoek, A.
The Hague
NL
Dekker, R.H.
The Hague
NL
van der Wildt, Cees D.
Haarlem
NL
Goossen, W.J.
The Hague
NL
Saeijs, H.
The Hague
NL
Nijhuis, A.
The Hague
NL
Capka, Joseph
Lelystad
NL
Mulderink, B.
The Hague
NL
de Bruin, I.K.
The Hague
NL
van Gent, J.
The Hague
NL
Kruyskamp, A.
The Hague
NL
Kuijsten, A.
The Hague
NL
van der Kuil, E.M.
Utrecht
NL
de Wit, E.M.
The Hague
NL
Pans, R.J.J.M.
Utrecht
NL
Peerbooms, B.
The Hague
NL
van Westen, Kees-Jan
The Hague
NL
Huysen, Rob
The Hague
NL
Organisation/Name
Ministry of Water
Ministry of Water
Ministry of Water
Ministry of Water and Irrigation
Ministry of Water Development
City
Country
Devilee, B.
The Hague
NL
Ouwejan, E.
The Hague
NL
Langenrak, G.
The Hague
NL
IJff, J.
The Hague
NL
van den Ende, A.
The Hague
NL
de Haan, H.J.
The Hague
NL
Oudshoorn, H.
The Hague
NL
Keijts, B.
The Hague
NL
Keijts, L.H.
The Hague
NL
The Hague
Dar Es Salaam
Dar Es Salaam
Kingston
Amman
Lilongwe
Lilongwe
Lilongwe
Lilongwe
Dhaka
Beijing
NL
TZ
TZ
JM
JO
MW
MW
MW
MW
BD
CN
Abuja
Abuja
Ruwi
Kathmandu
Ruwi
Beijing
Ruwi
Abuja
Abuja
Kathmandu
NG
NG
OM
NP
OM
CN
OM
NG
NG
NP
Abuja
Beijing
Beijing
Kathmandu
Beijing
Addis Ababa
Beijing
Abuja
Beijing
Dhaka
Zhengzhou
Abuja
NG
CN
CN
NP
CN
ET
CN
NG
CN
BD
CN
NG
Abuja
NG
Abuja
Ruwi
Alger
Beijing
Cairo
Fayoum
Kampala
NG
OM
DZ
CN
EG
EG
UG
Uijterlinde, A.
Nkhanga, Mussa
Kivugo, Mrisho M.
Hardware, Thorant
Maharmeh, Hussam A.
Kaluwa, Pepani
Mwawa, Yusuf
Kaludzu, Herbert E.L.
Chirwa, A.B.
Uddin, Gyash
Jiang, Guang Bin
Kaliel
Mohammed Bello
Hanidu, Jibril Adisa
Al-Aufi, Hamid
Adiga, Poorna Bhadra
Al-Hassani, Hashil
Li, Xiaojing
Al-Marjebi, Aley
Musa, Inuwa Kuta
Bukar, Mustapha
Sapkota, Biswa Nath
Gumburajo
Haliru Muhammed
Liu, Zhigi
Shi, Yubo
Joshi, Govinda Raj
He, Shaoling
Shiferaw, Jarso
Shucheng, Wang
Nzegwu, Ifeoma O.
Anze, Gao
Huda Shamsul, A.T.M.
Zhu, Qingping
Gundiri, Marcus
Aliyu
Wada Mohammed
Adeyeye-Olukoya
Modupe I.
Sajwani, Anjab
Saadi, Salim
Tang, Chaunli
Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation Attia, Bayoumi
Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation Jacoub, Samir
Ministry of Water, Lands & Environment Senfuma, Nsubuga
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
Ministry Water Resources
MIO-ECSDE
Misra, Preeti
MIT
Mitra, Manoshi
Moench, Marcus
Mogheir, Yunes
Mohamed Nainar, Shadiqua
Mokaya, Sophia
Molorak
Monreal, Julio
Montana State University
Moons en van Hoof bv.
Moore, Jennifer
Mosseri, Emilia
Mott MacDonald
Moussa, Moustafa
Msukwa, Kezzie
Mtenga, John
Mugisha, Silver
Muhaisen, Omar
Mulk, Shams Ul
Muller, A.S.
Municipality of Arnhem
Municipality of Deirelbalah
Municipality of Delft
Municipality of Rotterdam
Municipality of Stockholm
Municipality of The Hague
Municipality of The Hague
Municipality of Windhoek
Muramuzi, Frank
Murphy, Irene
Musenero, Richard N.
Mustafa, Rahmat Priana
Muula Trust, Wateraid
MUV Energie AG
Mwuramanzi Trust
MWWS
Myanza, Omari
NAD Bank
Nagomara, Joan
Naifar, Fahmi
Namibia Water Corporation
Nanayakkara, Vithanawasam
Nanjing Institute of Hydrualic
and Water Resources
Nanninga, Lars
Narimanyan, Volodya
Narmada Bachao Andolan
Nat. Environmental
Training Institute
Nat. Institute of Env. Health
Nat. Postcode Loterij
Nat. Reference Center,
Nature Management
Nat. Res. & Dev. Inst.
for EMV Protection
Nat. Water and Sewerage Corp.
City
Baghdali, Larbi
Scoullos, Michael
Country
Alger
Athens
Ahmedabad
Cambridge, MA
New Delhi
Boulder, CO
Delft
Delft
Delft
Jerevan
Santiago
Bozeman, MT
Eindhove
Hull, Quebec
London
Croydon
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Peshawar
Breukelen
Arnhem
DZ
GR
IN
US
IN
US
NL
NL
NL
AM
CL
US
NL
CA
GB
GB
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PK
NL
NL
Deirelbalah
Delft
Delft
Delft
Rotterdam
Stockholm
The Hague
The Hague
Windhoek
Kampala
Washington, DC
Delft
Delft
London
Mannheim
Harare
Quezon City
Delft
San Antonio, TX
Baleo via Halls Cree
Delft
Windhoek
Windhoek
Windhoek
Battaramulla
PS
NL
NL
NL
NL
SE
NL
NL
NA
UG
US
NL
NL
GB
DE
ZW
PH
NL
US
AU
NL
NA
NA
NA
LK
Patkar, Medha
Yagishita, Masaharu
Tokorozawa
Pinter, Alan
van Grunsven, L.
Nanjing
Amsterdam
Jerevan
Mumbai
CN
NL
AM
IN
Saitama P.
Budapest
Amsterdam
JP
HU
NL
van den Berk, Vincent
Wageningen
NL
Popescu, Liviu-Nicolae
Muhairwe, William T.
Bucharest
Kampala
RO
UG
Fisher, Franklin
Torosyan, Tatevik
Acton, Loren
van Hoof, Sjak
Lee, Peter
van Herwijnen, Rob
Abumery
Abdel Mohsen Hassan
Nas, Edwin
Grashoff, Rik
van Reenen, Johan
Wennerholm, Axel
Reijnders, Renee P.M.
du Pisani, Piet
Mallane, Lefa
Armbruster, Christoph
Guzha, Edward
Vicente, Fernando Z.
Miramontes, Victor
Genis, Evert Andre
Tjipangandjara, Kuiri
Ashipala, Isaak
Shen, Zhujiang
Country
Organisation/Name
City
Nathan, K.
National Community Water
& Sanitation Training Institute
National Director for Water Affairs
National Environment Agency
National Hydraulic Research Center
National Inst. for Hydraulic Resources
National Institute of Design
National Institute of Public Health
National Institute of Public Health
National Planning Committee
National Security Bureau
National Water Recources Secretariat
The Hague
NL
Sovenga
Maputo
Hanoi
Quezon City
Havana
Havana
Havana
Ahmedabad
Tokyo
Bilthoven
Kathmandu
Warsaw
ZA
MZ
VN
PH
CU
CU
CU
IN
JP
NL
NP
PL
Brasilia
Cairo
Cairo
Cairo
Delta Barrage
-el-Qua
Giza
BR
EG
EG
EG
Delft
Bangkok
Prague
Kaduna
Cairo
Missoula, MO
Groningen
Saratosa, CA
Maarsen
Kent
NL
TH
CV
NG
EG
US
NL
US
NL
GB
National Water Research Center
National Water Research Center / SRI
National Water Resources
Authority, Yemen
National Water Resources Committee
National Water Resources Institute
National Water Resources Institute
National Water Resources Project
National Weather Service
Nationale Investeringbank
Natoli, Marilyn
Natural Management BV
Natural Resource Institute
Naturalis, National Museum
of Natural History
Nature Conservancy
Nature, Society and Water,
University of Bergen
Nature, Society and Water,
University of Bergen
NAWQAM-EGYPT
Naylor, Sally
Nazir, Hussain
NCDO
NCDO
NDAW, Ministre de l'Hydraulique
Nderumaki, Victoria A.
NDLOVU Medical Center
NEDECO
NEDECO
NEDECO
Nederlands Economisch Instituut (NEI)
Nederlands kankerbestrijding KWF
Nega Fente, Andargie
Neosynthesis Research Centre
NESTEC Ltd.
NESTEC Ltd.
Neth. Inst. of Applied Geoscience TNO
Nethcold
Netherlands Army
Netherlands Inst. of
Applied Geoscience TNO
Spio, Kojo
Muianga, Americo
Hua Chien, Thang
Alejandrino, Angel
Aspiolea Roig, Jorge Luis
Ugarte Teyra, Minerva
Paretas, Juan José
Chatterjee, Ashoke
Kunikane, Shoichi
Bresser, Antonius
Vaidya, Rameshananda
Szamalek, Krzysztof
Santos Garrido
Raymundo José
El-Kady, Mona
Helal, Mohamed
Bayoumi, Mohamed
Amer
Mohamed Hasssan
Alnaggar, Dalal
Abdo, Jamal
Aekaraj, Sukontha
Silva, Rui
Abdulmumin, Salisu
Sadek, Tarek
Hoadley, Jeanne
Kwak, H.E.W.
Swemmer, F.M.
Milner, Susan
EG
EG
van Waveren, Isabel
Tomkinson Church
Marlou
Leiden
NL
Arlington, VA
US
Tvedt, Terje
Bergen
NO
Gule, Lars
Millette, Jacques
Bergen
El Qanatir
Krakow
Delft
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Dakar
Delft
Moutse
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
NO
EG
PL
NL
NL
NL
SN
NL
ZA
NL
NL
NL
Senanayake, Ranil
Thevenot, Claude
du Bois, Irina
Boswinkel, Jan-Anne
van Duivendijk, Hans
Kramer, Dirk
Woerden
Halfweg
Delft
Colombo
Vevey
Vevey
Delft
Nijmegen
The Hague
NL
NL
NL
LK
CH
CH
NL
NL
NL
Speelman, Hessel
Delft
NL
Weerts, Ton
Collette, P.
Fadel, Mouhamed
Tempelman, Liesje
Vergouwe, Renée
Leusink, Aalt
Figueres, Caroline
Meindertsma
Jan Douwe
van Haeften, R
205
n
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
Netherlands National
Committee for IHP and OHP
Netw. of Women Prof. in Water Sector
Netw. of Women Prof. in Water Sector
NETWAS International
New Energy
Ngabirano, Gertrude
Nguyen Hai, Long
Nguyen Huy, Dung
NHK Brussels
NHK Enterprises 21, inc
Nicoara, Serban-Vlad
Nieuwenhuis, M.L.
Nieuwenhuis, M.W.
Nieuwenhuis & Nieuwenhuis
Niger Basin Authority
Nijerode University
Nijhuis Pompen B.V.
Nile Basin Initiative
Nile Forecasting Centre
NISDADS
NITG-TNO
NITG-TNO
Njagi, Donald M.
Njuru, Gikuma
Nkate, Dave
NORIT N.V.
Norton Rose
Norton Rose
Norton Rose
Norwegian Water Company
Norwegian Water Resources
and Energy Directorate
NOVEM NOZ-PV
NOVIB
NOVIB
NRMP, ICARDA
NUFFIC
Nunez-Lopez, Roberto Aurelio
NUON
NUON
NUON
NUON
NUON
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
206
Zuidema, Floris
Segeren, W.A.
van der Sommen, Jeroen
Creusen, Anouk
Janssen, Lies
van der Heijde, Wouter
Vlotman, Sander
de Silva, Nalini
Mulleriyawa
Perera, Chula
Beth Wangari, Karanja
Imoro, Thomas Sayibu
Country
De Bilt
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Evans, Jonathan
Day, Tom
Barratt, Jeffery
Sandberg, Tore
New Town
Wadduwa
Nairobi
London
Delft
Delft
Delft
Brussels
Tokyo
Delft
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Niamey
Nijerode
Winterswijk
Entebbe
Cairo
New Delhi
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Amersfoort
London
London
London
Klofta
LK
LK
KE
GB
NL
NL
NL
BE
JP
NL
NL
NL
NL
NE
NL
NL
UG
EG
IN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
GB
GB
GB
NO
Svelle, Morten
Oslo
NO
Tollan, Arne
Oslo
NO
Wold, Bjorn
Oslo
Utrecht
The Hague
The Hague
Aleppo
The Hague
Delft
Leeuwarden
Velp
Leeuwarden
Velp
Velp
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
NO
NL
NL
NL
SY
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Asahina, Masahiko
Hosono, Toshiro
Nieuwenhuis, Herman
Ba'Aba, Baba Adam
Hummels, G.J.A.
Jjuuko, Charles-Martin
Aty Sayed, Mohamed
Raina, Rajeswari
Negenman, A.J.H.
van Dueren, Irma
Karajeh, Fawzi
Marsudiantoro, Dwita
Rotermundt, H.K.A.
Hoffer, Jan
van der Woude, Nico
de Jonge, Martin
Kempenaar, A.
Scheiner, B.
van der Velten, I.
Binnendijk, E.
Schepers, G.
Veltman-Bastiaans, J.N.
Nauta-Blijham, F.M.
Wiesenhagen-Kastelein
Verstegen, L.C.
Country
Organisation/Name
City
NVR
NVR
NVR
The Hague
The Hague
NL
NL
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
The Hague
The Hague
NL
NL
The Hague
The Hague
NL
NL
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Baku
The Hague
The Hague
Tallinn
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Delft
The Hague
Amsterdam
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
AZ
NL
NL
EE
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
The Hague
The Hague
Brussels
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
NL
NL
BE
NL
NL
NL
NL
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
NVR
Heijne, R.
Schoustra, E.
Akkerhuis-van Maare
W.J.
Aktas, F.
Geluk-Bleumink, A.
van Loor, M.
Keskin, A.
Verstappen-Naus, M.
de Wit-Lampe, C.
de Wit, E.
Wildemans, W.
van der Zee, M.
Heinemans, G.
Hendriks van de Broek
E.M.
Schotten-Steeg, J.
van der Stroomvan Ewijk, T.
Brummelhuis, H.G.L.M.
Strop von Meuyenfeldt
T.L.E.
Wiersma, M.
Jansen-Bruul, T.
Schiebergen-Zeilstra, A.
Roetman, T.
Blom, R. Chr.
Talens, B.
Ouwendijk, E.
Methizade, Zenfira
Haan, B.
Ceruti, M.
Tee, Marge
Busman, G.W.
van Alphen-van Esch, J.
van de Laar, T.
Ruis, M.
van Inckel, M.
Kuperus, R.
Kazinova, K.
Caris-Dentener, I.
Overschie, M.
Ham-Sonneschein, M.
Bello, O
van Teyn, J.
Harmsma, J.
v.d. Berg-de Hoop, P.
Allersma, G.
Roovers-Smals, TH.
Zijderveldt-Boodt, R.
Haye, E.B.I.
Nauta, R.
Swenne, A.A.A.
Brisoc, J.
Timmermans, L.P.M.
Harwig, J.R.
Zevenbergenvan Beek, E.
Kuipers, K.
v.d. Berg, M.
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PARTICIPANTS
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NVR
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NVR
NVR
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NVR
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NVR
NVR
NVR
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NWO-WOTRO
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O'Brien, Peter
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Cohen Jehoram, S.
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OECD
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OESO
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Office International de l'Eau
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Office of State Flood Control
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Office of the Auditor
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Oficina de Cooperacion
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OXFAM
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Pacific Institute for Studies
in Development
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Pakistan Water Partnership
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Palestine General Delegation
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Alhalabi, Nidal
Palestine Ministry of Planning
and Int.Cooperation
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London
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FR
NL
NL
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CN
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AM
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EC
NL
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GB
DJ
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NL
US
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ET
US
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GB
AT
DE
DE
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GB
GB
NL
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PK
NL
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NL
IL
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PH
IN
NP
207
p
o
PARTICIPANTS
q
r
Country
Organisation/Name
City
PAP /RAC
Trumbic, Ivica
Papoea Women
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Parrish, R.S.
PASSS
Georgekutty, T.A.
PASSS
Rajan, Anil Kunnath
Patel, Arvel
Pearl River Water Resources Commission Wang, Quisheng
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Permanent Mission at the
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Permanent Mission to the
EU of The Netherlands
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Permanent Mission to the
FAO of The Netherlands
Brouwers, Ewald J.N.
Perrier Group of America
Paul, Heidi
Perrier Vittel SA
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PFRA-Agriculture & Agri-food, Canada Wettlaufer, Robert
Phan, Do Hong
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Phnom Penh Post
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Pipelife Ecosystems
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Plan Blue / MAP / UNEP
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PMU Water Sector - World Bank
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Polderman, S.
Pont A. Mousson
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Population and
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Postdam Institute for
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Prasetyo
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IN
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CN
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CZ
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NL
NL
NL
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EG
New York, NY
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208
Rome
IT
Greenwhich, Conn US
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BG
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Abakay, Ahmet
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NL
NL
NL
US
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van Urk, Anne
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FR
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NL
TH
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TH
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VE
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SG
SG
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JP
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NL
NL
NL
CN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
SN
NL
EG
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NL
LK
LK
ZA
IN
IR
NL
NL
JP
Hengelo
NL
Stockholm
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SE
GR
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Organisation/Name
Relma/Sida
RELOC / SAMTAC GWP
Research Center for
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Research Center for
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Research Institute for Groundwater
Research Institute of Irrigation,
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Resource Analysis
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Resource Analysis
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Restman Orozco, Pedro
Reuters Nederland BV.
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Reyes, David
RFL LTD
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Rianto, B.
Riga City Council
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Riga Municipal Enterprise "Riga Water"
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River Environment Division
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RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
RIZA
City
Rockstrom, Johan
Mestre, Eduardo J.
Country
Nairobi
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KE
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Beijing
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Delft
New Delhi
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam
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SK
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NL
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NL
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NL
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NL
Thomas, Otti
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Riga
Riga
Riga
Riga
Riga
Riga
The Hague
Ibaraki
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Palmscholte
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Wageningen
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Zeist
Adriaanse, Martin
Lelystad
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Lelystad
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Lelystad
Broseliske, Gerard
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Vlaanderen, Niels
Lelystad
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Lelystad
Garritsen, Ton
Lelystad
Marteyn, Erik
Lelystad
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Lelystad
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Lelystad
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Lelystad
te Nijenhuis, Anouk
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Sprong, Ton
Lelystad
Cofino, Wim
Lelystad
Drost, Hans
Lelystad
van Waveren, Harold
Lelystad
de Haas, Albert
Lelystad
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van Dokkum, Ronald
Lelystad
Meulenberg, Marius
Lelystad
Uijterlinde, Rob
Lelystad
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Lelystad
van Bennekom, Andre
Lelystad
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Lelystad
MX
LV
LV
LV
LV
LV
LV
LV
LV
NL
JP
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
City
Organisation/Name
RIZA
RIZA
Rojas Pupo, Carlos
Romanian Space Agency
Roosen-van Pelt, R.
Rotary International
Royal Institute of Technology
Royal Irrigation Department
Royal Irrigation Department
Royal Netherlands
Tuberculosis Association (KNCV)
Royal Netherlands
Tuberculosis Association (KNCV)
Royal Scientific Society
RTC Rabbani Tratding & Consulting
Ruiguang, Han
Rungruengchaisri, Kampanat
Rural Reseach Institute, KARICO
RZGW - Krakow
RZGW - WARSZAWA
Saade, Lilian
SADC Water Sector
Saeed, Fawad
Safege Consulting Engineers
Saferworld
Sally, Hilmy
Sandelin, Sirpa
Sanez P., Juan M.
SARAR
Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd.
Sardc-Imercsa
Sardo, Vito
Sarker, Shyama Kanta
SAS-WWF Secretariat
Sasa, Mohammed Jihad
Satrini, Anggia
Saudi Fund for Development
Saudi Fund for Development
Sauerbier, M.
SAUR
SAWA
Sbeih, Mohammad Youssef
Schakenraad, Rien
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
Scholte, O.
Scholte-van Groningen, W.
School of Pure and Applied Sciences
Schweizerischer
Wasserwirtschaftsverband
Scientific and Production Ass.
"Uzbekgidrogeologia"
Sebwaio, Cyrus
Secretariat of Water Resources
Secretary of Agriculture
of the Philippines
Segaar, A
Seghers
Seid, Fathi
Self Employed Women's Association
Claessen, Frank A.M.
van Haselen, Cathelijne
Country
del Angel, Monica
Cederwall, Klas
Hungspreug, Siripong
Polparsi, Kitcha
Lelystad
Lelystad
Delft
Bucharest
Schayk
Evanston, IL
Stockholm
Bangkok
Bangkok
NL
NL
NL
RO
NL
US
SE
TH
TH
Veen, Jaap
The Hague
NL
Guicherit-Samson, Carla
Hindiyeh, Muna
Rabbani, Mahmoud S.
The Hague
Amman
The Hague
Delft
Delft
Asan, Gyonggi
Krakow
Warsaw
Delft
Maseru
Delft
Nanterre
London
Colombo
Pori
Delft
Morelos
NL
JO
NL
NL
NL
KP
PL
PL
NL
LS
NL
FR
GB
LK
FI
NL
MX
IN
ZW
IT
NL
BD
NL
NL
SA
SA
NL
Naqasima-Sobey, Milika
Gandhinagar
Harare
Cantania
Delft
Dhaka
Delft
Delft
Riyaad
Riyaad
Voorburg
St. Quentin
en Yveli
Wageningen
Gaza
Delft
The Hague
Paris
Utrecht
Uden
Suva
Hauenstein, Walter
Baden
CH
Niyazov, R.
Brussels
Delft
Brasilia
Brasilia
BE
NL
BR
BR
Quezon City
Amersfoort
Wespelaar
Leidschendam
Ahmedabad
PH
NL
BE
NL
IN
Prunariu, Dumitru Dorin
Eo, Daesu
Walczykiewicz, Tomasz
Badowski, Andrej
Mokuoane, E.M
Dubrevil, Jean-Marie
Gaigals, Cynthia
Sawyer, Ron
Chudasama
Bhupendrasinh M.
Saruchera, Munyaradzi
Hassan, Rabiul
Alzeghabi, Mansour
Eid, Bineid
Maruenda, Michel
Heeger, Jan
Hagood, Michael
Roulet, Claude
Leeuwestein, Jörgen
Grassi Rizzo, Hidely
Angara, Edgardo
Solanki, Shantaben
209
FR
NL
PS
NL
NL
FR
NL
NL
FJ
s
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
Trivedi, Trupty
Ahir, Jamuben
Bharawa, Poona
Ahir, Rajiben
Dave, Mona
Patel, Neeta
Rajaput, Kuvarben
Self Employed Womens Association
Senter
Senter
SEOR-EUR
Serasinha Pathirana
Service Maritime Bouches-du-Rhône
Setyandito, Oki
Severn Trent Plc.
Severn Trent Plc.
Severn Trent Water International
Seyam, Ismail
Shahani, Leticia Ramos
Shaheen, N.A.R.
Shahidullah, Shahidullah
Shamsun Nahar, Kalpana
Shanghai Suzhou Creek
Rehabilitation Office
Shanker, Ravi
Sharif Industrial University
Sharma, Saroj
Shell
Shell Global Solutions International BV
Shell Global Solutions International BV
Shono, Kazutaka
Shore Protection Authority
Shouhan, Salem
SIC ICWC
SICA
Siddiqi, Masroor-ul Haq
Siemens Nederland
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi
Simavi-PWN
Simon Thomas-Ten Have, B.
Singh, Prabhat K.
Singh, Gautam
Siregar, David B.J.
Sitoki, Lewis
Siwadi, Japson
Nanavaty, Reema
van Driel, Corry
Schellinkhout, Aris
Zwanenburg, Martin
Jayantha Kamalasiri
Loumes, Jean-Luc
210
Lamb, Jim
Cocker, Vic
Sellner, Falko
Zhang, Xiao Guo
Abrishamchi, Ahmad
Kwant, P.
de Kruiff, Sjors
Smit, Kees
Gera, Abdel Halim
Umazov, Pulatkhou
Castro, Mauricio
van der Vegt, Ton
van Eijl-Besselink
van den Hurk, R.
Dekker-Denekamp, S.J.
Dumernit, M.
Hulsebosch, J.M.
Koorneef, A.P.
Dorr-Andersen, I.
Buizer, A.
de Vos, P.
Heikoop, M.
de Graaf, B.
van Boeckel, A.M.
Stevens, A.M.C.
Sprey, C
Country
Bhadra
Ahmedabad
Bhadra
Ahmedabad
Bhadra
Ahmedabad
Bhadra
Ahmedabad
Bhadra
Ahmedabad
Bhadra
Ahmedabad
Bhadra
Ahmedabad
Gujarat
The Hague
The Hague
Rotterdam
Delft
Marseille
Mataram
Birmingham
Birmingham
Birmingham
Delft
Makati City
Delft
Delft
Mumbai
IN
IN
NL
NL
NL
NL
FR
ID
GB
GB
GB
NL
PH
NL
NL
IN
Shanghai
Delft
The Hague
Delft
Moerdijk
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Delft
Cairo
Delft
Tashkent
Atiguo Cuscatlan
Dhaka
The Hague
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Haarlem
Rotterdam
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
CN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
EG
NL
UZ
SV
BD
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
Organisation/Name
Sjah Yusi, Andriazi
SKAT
SKAT
SKTF
Small Island Council
SMAS
SMAS - Cascais
SMAS - Cascais
SMAS - Cascais
SMEC International
SMEC International
Smid-Marsman, G.M.
Smidt, I.R.
Smit, M.J.
Snijders, H.
SNV
SNV
SNV
SNV
SNV-RWHP
SNV/BDB, Stoer
University of London
Social Fund for Development
Sociers des baux de Marseille
Societe du Canal de Provence
Societe du Canal de Provence
Society for Sustainable Living
Socio-Economic Unit Foundation
Soeteman, Akke
SOGEM/OMVS
Solbakken, Jan Idar
Sopoti, Ilir
Soros, Ampai
South Florida Water
Management District
Southeastern Anatolia Project
Southeastern Anatolia Project,
Regional Dev. Adm.
Southern Africa Technical
Advisory Committee
Spectrum international
Spectrum international
Spillekom, Ingrid
Sri Lanka International
Water Management Institute
Sripaoraya, Kwanyven
Stadler, Itai
Star Living
State Enterprise
State Hydrological Institute
State Hydrological Institute
State of Andhra Pradesh
State Water Directorate
State Water Directorate
City
Country
Delft
St. Gallen
St. Gallen
Stockholm
Diego Martin
Santarem
Santarem
Santarem
Santarem
Sydney
Sydney
Zoetermeer
Almere
Paterswolde
Renkum
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Goes
NL
London
Giza
Marseille
Aix en Provence
Aix en Provence
Prague
Chembukavu
Amsterdam
NL
CH
CH
SE
TT
PT
PT
PT
PT
AU
AU
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
SOAS
GB
EG
FR
FR
FR
CZ
IN
NL
Bamako
Kavtokeino
Delft
Delft
West Palm
Beach, FL
Ankara
Ankara
Ankara
Ankara
ML
NO
NL
NL
Ankara
TR
Matiza Chiuta, Tabeth
Abood, Ali
Higgens, Sam
Harare
London
Bakersfield, CA
Amsterdam
ZW
GB
US
NL
Raschid-Sally, Liqa
Colombo
Delft
Delft
Wassenaar
Nonthaburi
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg
Hyderabad
Vukovar
Vukovar
Hoorn
Voorhout
Istanbul
Voorburg
Oestgeest
Oestgeest
LK
NL
NL
NL
TH
RU
RU
IN
CR
CR
NL
NL
TR
NL
NL
NL
Baumann, Erich
Christen, Jurg
Svahn, Kjell
Maillard, Deborah
Afflalo, Frederico
Freitas, Joao Artur
Sota, Carlos
Silva, Daniel
Ragavan, Sornalingam
Patel, Pankaj
Noordholland de Jong, Joost
Akerboom, Hans
Pelgröm, Hans
Wijnnobel, Kees
Pieter, The Hague
Allen, J.A
Abou-Seida, M. Mokhles
Franchon, Loic
Demay, Guy
Plantey, Jacques
Spoustova, Jitka
Mathew, Thresiamma
Abeiderrahmane
Moustapha Ould
Merriam, John C.
Yasinok, M. Kayo
Culha, Zeynep
Gemalmaz, Gul
Unver, Olcay
Staring, Winand
Srisaichua, Prasit
Vuglinsky, Valery
Shiklomanov, Iqoz
Reddy, Suresh R.K.
Danicic, Jasnica
Ostojic, Zeljko
Louwerse, Maarten
Faber, Lievnath
Dodanli, Yesim
Mickisch, Sven
Vogel, Justine
Watt, Adina
US
TR
TR
TR
TR
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
Statkraft
Stepanyan, Lilit
Stichting Benie
Stichting Benie
Stichting Ibota
Stichting Metamorfose
Stichting Metamorfose
Stichting Reinwater
Stichting Vronestein
Stichting Waterhelp
Stichting Waterhelp
Stichting Wateropleiding
Stichting Waterstad 2000
Stockdale, Alan
Stockholm Environmental Institute
Stockholm International Water Institute
Stockstrom, Sanna
Stolk, Petra
Stolk-Maarleveld, M.
Stoveland Consults
Strele, Gunta
Studieframjandet
Sturm, Rob
Sudan University of
Science & Technology
Suleymanova, Elmira
Sumida City Hall
Summerskill, Mary
Sun, Tie Heng
Sun, Feng
SUNIR Co.
Supapant, Arnuparp
Supreme Chamber of Control
Supreme Chamber of Control
Suprianto, A.
Surface Water Modelling Centre
Surface Water Modelling Centre
Swaziland Gov.
Swaziland Government
Swedish International
Development Agency
Swedish International
Development Agency
Swedish Water Development AB
Sweetwater Technology A/S
Swiss Agency for Development
& Cooperation
Swiss Agency for Development
& Cooperation
Swiss Coalition of D.
Swiss Fed. Inst. of Tech. Hydro.
& Water Res. Man.
City
Haase, Eric
Bodeenberg, Richard
Kolk, Robert
Bouwsma, Maria
Heggelund, Kjell
Berger-Matthijssen, M
dierckxsens, O.J.A.M
Koelewijn, P
Breevoorts, Charlotte
van Deventer, Wim
Houweling, José
van der Knaap, L.b.M
van Staveren, P.J.
Miedema, S.
Maenhout, Agnes
Gallopin, Gilberto
Rosemarin, Arno
Strzepek, Kenneth
Skogsfors, Sven-Erik
Ehlin, Ulf
Falkenmark, Malin
Björklund, Gunilla
Stoveland, Sven
The Hague
Leiden
Warsaw
The Hague
Hovic
Jerevan
Ressen
Kaatsheuvel
Heerde
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Amsterdam
Leidschendam
Brielle
Brielle
Nieuwegein
Delft
Victoria
Stockholm
Stockholm
Boulder, CO
Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm
Potsdam
Amstelveen
Heemstede
Kristiansand
Liepajas Rajons
Stockholm
Oestgeest
Abdel-Magid
Isam Mohammed
Country
NL
NL
PL
NL
NO
AM
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
AU
SE
SE
US
SE
SE
SE
SE
DE
NL
NL
NO
LV
SE
NL
Khartoum
Baku
Murase, Makoto
Tokyo
Rotterdam
Shenyang
Delft
Tehran
Delft
Gruszecka, Alicja
Warsaw
Romanowicz, Malgorzata Warsaw
Delft
Ahmed, Emaduddin
Amersfoort
Rahman
S.M. Mahbubur
Dhaka
Ceico, Sandile
Mbabane
Sangweni, Raphael
Mbabane
SD
AZ
JP
NL
CN
NL
IR
NL
PL
PL
NL
NL
BD
SZ
SZ
Johansson, Bengt
Stockholm
SE
Eriksson, Mats
Ringborg, Catharina
Stockholm
Stockholm
Soro
SE
SE
DK
Hartmann, Armon
Bern
CH
Rapold, Dora
Sommaruga Bodeo
Lavinia
Bern
CH
Lugano
CH
Kinzelbach, Wolfgang
Zurich
CH
Organisation/Name
Swiss federal institute for environment,
Science& Technology
Synconsult
Syria Times
Tagelsir, Gasmleseid
Takahasi, Yutaka
Tallinn Water Ltd.
Tamimi, Abdel Rahman
Tampere University of Technology
Tan, Patrick
Tangram Oranisatie Advies
Tara Abbey Nunnery
Tayyaba, Aftab
TBW
Tchitetchian, Viguen
te Linde, Aline
Tearfund
Tearfund
Tearfund
Tearfund
Tebtebba Foundation
Technical Secretariat for
Water Supply & Sanitation
Technical University of Munchen
Tefera, Mulugeta
TEI
Tekfen Holding A.S.
Tempelmann, Hugo
Tennessee Valley Authority
Tennessee Valley Authority
Terre des Hommes
Terre des Hommes
Thames Water
Thames Water
Thames Water International
Thapa, Duman
The Hindu
The Mayor of Vlissingen
Thimun
Third World Centre for
Water Management
Water Management
Water Management
Thompson, Judith
Tietema, Elisabeth
Tindimugaya, Callist
TNO
TNO
TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie
Tob, Philippe
Todd Engineers
Torrico Torrico, Marco Antonio
Tractebel Engineering
Tran Thanh, Tung
Trefas, Lenuta Critina
Trimension
Tromp, N.
Tsendsuren, Oyun
Tsinghua University
City
Yang, Hong
Herreras, José Alberto
El Khatib, Sharif
Country
Duebendorf
Madrid
Damascus
Khartoum
Tokyo
Tallinn
Ramallah
Tampere
Tampere
Tampere
Tampere
Delft
Doetinchem
Shitapaila
Delft
Sydney
Jerevan
Amsterdam
Teddington
Teddington
Teddington
Teddington
Stanford
CH
ES
SY
SD
JP
EE
PS
FI
FI
FI
FI
NL
NL
NP
NL
AT
AM
NL
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
Sharma, Kalpana
van Dok-van Weele, A.
Ganglani, Dolly
Sana'a
Walchensee
Delft
Athens
Istanbul
Moutse
Knoxville, TN
Knoxville, TN
The Hague
The Hague
Reading
Jakarta
Reading
Kathmandu
Mumbai
Vlissingen
Curacao
YE
DE
NL
GR
TR
ZA
US
US
NL
NL
GB
ID
GB
NP
IN
NL
AN
Castelan, Enrique
Mexico DF
MX
Biswas, Asit
Mexico DF
MX
Tortajada, Cecilia
Mexico DF
Accra
Wageningen
Delft
Delft
Delft
Apeldoorn
Brussels
Emeryville, CA
Delft
Brussels
Delft
Bucharest
Delft
Berkel Enschot
Delft
Beijing
MX
GH
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
BE
US
NL
BE
NL
RO
NL
NL
NL
CN
Seemendi, Sirje
Katko, Tapio
Seppala, Osmo
Hukka, Jarmo
Matilla, Harri
Peerenboom, P.B.G
Gurung, Kanchhona
Weidel, Helmut
Touthang, Dino
Demessie, Desta
Green, Joanne
Atkins, Andrew
Cariño, Joji
Sahooly, Anwer
Knauss, Jost
Pissias, Evangelos
Gokyigit, Nihat
Gibson, S. Eugene
Herrin, Janet
de Graaff, Martine
Scholtz, Simone
Shurlock, Stuart
Sikar, Sjahrun
Haddock, Stephanie
Hanemaaijer, J.H.
Gubbi, F.Th.
van Houten, R.T.
Todd, Stuart K.
Mauchard, Michel
Derckx, R.P.A.
Wang, Zhaoyin
211
t
PARTICIPANTS
u
Country
Organisation/Name
City
Tskovrebashvili, Levan
Tuazon, Joy Marie
Tucci, Carlos E.M.
Tzoja Technologie Europe NV
UADE
Uganda Protestant Medical Burau
Uganda Protestant Medical burau
UHOPS
Ullah, Agha Habib
Umgeni Water
Umweltstiftung WWF Deutschland
UNDP
UNDP
UNDP
UNDP
UNDP
UNDP
UNDP Almaty Kazakhstan
UNED UK
UNED UK
UNED UK
UNED UK
UNEP
UNEP
UNEP
UNEP
UNEP
UNEP
UNEP
UNEP
UNEP
UNEP - GPA
UNEP - GPA
UNEP - GPA Coordinating Office
UNEP - INAT
UNEP - WHO Project OfficeEnvironmental Impact Assessment
UNEP GEMS/ Water
Collaborating Centre
UNEP-DTIE
UNESCO
UNESCO
UNESCO
UNESCO
UNESCO
UNESCO
UNESCO & World Water Vision
UNESCO & World Water Vision
UNESCO - OPM
UNESCO - SC/CSI
UNESCO - SOPAC
UNESCO - Unit Win.
Chair-Sociology Dept.
UNESCO Division of Water Sciences
UNICEF
UNICEF
UNICEF
UNICEF
UNICEF
UNICEF
UNICEF
UNICEF
UNICEF
UNICEF Slovenia
Vidal, Omar
Mechlia, Netji Ben
Delft
Delft
Porto Alegre
The Hague
Abidjan
Kampala
Kampala
New York, NY
Delft
Pietermaritzburg
Bremen
New York, NY
Ankara
New York, NY
New York, NY
Ankara
Pelhammanor, NY
Geneva
London
London
London
London
The Hague
Nairobi
Nairobi
Nairobi
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Geneva
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Tunis
NL
NL
BR
NL
CI
UG
UG
US
NL
ZA
DE
US
TR
US
US
TR
US
CH
GB
GB
GB
GB
NL
KE
KE
KE
NL
NL
NL
CH
NL
NL
NL
NL
TN
Skarbek, Richard
Warsaw
PL
Robarts, Richard
Vourc'h, Anne
Ralaimihoatra, Chantal
Abdalla, Tag Elsir
Childe, Margaret
Selborne, The Earl of
Finnbogadottir, Vigdis
Iaccarino, Maurizio
Szollosi Nagy, Andras
Otchet, Amy
Nakashima, Douglas
Overmars, Marc
Saskatoon, SK
Athens
Paris
Khartoum
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Jakarta
CA
GR
FR
SD
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
ID
Bahemuka, Judith M.
Bonell, Mike
Ghosh, Gourisankar
Rasheed, Sadig
Arebahona, Ian
Tielemans, Bert
Burgers, Lizette
Peelen, Joris
Nilsson, Torben
Franken, Henk
Franken
Oszi, Judith
Nairobi
Paris
New York, NY
New York, NY
Kampala
The Hague
New York, NY
The Hague
Ouagadougou
The Hague
The Hague
Ljubljana
KE
FR
US
US
UG
NL
US
NL
BF
NL
NL
SI
212
van Dongen, Peter
Koffi, N'dri
Biraro, Sam
Kalega, Z
Poolman, Maarten
Dickens, Chris
Oertel, Gunnar
Reynolds, Philip
Witschi-Cestari, Alfredo
Andersson, Ingvar
Lenton, Roberton
Oruc, Yesim
Hartvelt, Frank
Haaranen, Anne
Osborn, Derek
Gardiner, Rosalie
Morley, Danielle
Dodds, Felix
Vandeweerd, Veerle
Drammeh, Halifah
Töpfer, Klaus
Dunn, David
Renlund, A.
Halls, Steve
Tromp, D.
Runlund, Anders
Borobia, Monica
van de Weerd, Veerle
Organisation/Name
UNICEF Slovenia
UNICEF Slovenia
UNICEF Slovenia
UNICEF Slovenia
UNICEF Tanzania
Unie van Waterschappen
City
Zupancic, Milena
Demsar, Ana
Bizjak, Katja
Jan, Ziga
Budimu, Rebecca
Dijkstra, D.
Laarakker, F.W.G.
Lozte-Snijders,
Heldens, W.
Havekens, H.
Tiesinga, H.
van Cleef,
de Zeeuw, J.J.
van der Vliet, J.H.
van Erkelens, P.A.E.
Eckstein, P.
Kuindersma, E.
Tuinhof, H.
van den Bosch
Polhuis, P.L.
Kampers, M.R.
Meijer, L.
den Engelse, R.
Mooiman, J.
Augustijn
van 't Land, H.
Bruins Slot, J.P.H.
Wolven, H.
van Melick, H.J.J.M.
Swart, B
Woldring, C.
Meijer, T.
van der Eijk, P.J.
Brussee
van de Berg, L.P.M.
Togtema, E.H.
de Graeff, J.J.
Zalmijn, H.L
Elshof, A.
van der Lee, A.
van Vlokhoven, C.
Overgaag, A.
Kroes, H.
Bruens, H.J.G.
van Kleef
Viergever, R.E.
van der Doelen, W.M.
van der Does, J.
Kok
Ceelaert, C.H.B.M.
van Veen, A.E.
Baert, F.J.W.
Koemans
Walkier
van der Kluit, R.J.
Provoost, K.J.
Bias, L.G.J.M.
Litjens
Segers, A.J.A.M.
Galetzka, A.H.
Nijland, J.
Selman, C.G.W.M.
Beurkens, J.E.M.
de Jong, A.
HULIGAWE
Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Dar Es Salaam
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Country
SI
SI
SI
SI
MZ
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
UNIFEM
UNIFEM
UNIFEM Committee of Sweden
Unilever Brothers
Unilever China
Unilever Hellas
Unilever HPCE
Unilever HPCE
Unilever HPCE Port Sunlight
Unilever Nederland
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
Unilever NV
City
Segeren, A.G.
Abdel Aziz, Yehia
van Tuyll van
Serooskerken, E.H.
Berkenbosch, J.
Huijbers, H.
Steegh, J.P.R.M.
Boeve, J.
Raven, B.
van Wijnbergen, C.G.
de Boer, A.K.
Huijbers, T.J.M.G.
Hamster, F.C.
Afroze, Sultana
Karanjit, Mangala
Kjellen, Gia
Hambling, S.
Sahni, S.
Katsantonis, T.
Sharpe, J.
Laroche, C.
Cooney, P.
Dutilh, Ch.E.
Chalker of Wallasey
Lynda
van Esch, R.F.
Harrison, R.A.
Ooyen, I.M.
van Ooyen, Frank
Sangster, B.
Oosterhof, P.A.
Pooter, W.M.
Parkinson, J.
van Schaik, S.J.M.
Brakman, C.
Reiterer, H.
Markham, Rudy
Tummers, Frans
Reffet, D.F.B
Kapoor, Aditi
Bordewijk, J.A.
Vigveno, F.A.H.
Platt, R.H.
Aussems, J.C.A.
van Gent, R.
Walker, J.
Vis, J-C
Verdegaal, E.M.
Martin, J.C.A.
Westerburgen, J.W.B.
Western, N.
Ogrizek, M.
Rogers, C.
Eenhoorn, H.
Brown, P.
Weir, Anne
Gray, S.
Lahiri, A.
Heyster, J.W.
Anon, V.P.
Gordijn, T.P.M.
van Egmond, H.K.
Laan, W.J.
Country
The Hague
The Hague
NL
NL
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
New Delhi
New Delhi
Uppsala
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
IN
IN
SE
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
New Delhi
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
IN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Organisation/Name
Unilever NV
Unilever Philippines
Unilever Port sunlight
Unilever Research
Unilever Research
Unilever Research
Unilever Research Colworth
Unilever Research Colworth
Unilever Research Port Sunlight
Unilever Research Port Sunlight
Unilever Research US
Unilever Research Vlaardingen
Unilever Turkey
Union Chase Group B.V.
United Nations
United Nations
United Nations / DESA
United Nations / INWEH
United Nations Dept. for
Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations ECLAC
United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa
United nations Economic
Commission for Europe
United Nations
Environment Programme
United Nations Special
Initiative on Africa
United Nations Special
initiative on Africa, VNDP
United Nations University
United States Department of State
United States Environmental
Protection Agency
United States Agency for
City
Greenhalg, R.
Martinez, M.O.J.
Belton, H.D.
Belton, C.R.
Mendoza, A.
Yuregir, K.
King, Henry
Shaw, Malcolm
Baird, Su
Pendlington, D.
Penman, A.
Solbe, D.J.
Beers, P.
McKinnon, A.
de Rooij, J.F.M.
Gulay, H.
de Wolf, Thomas
de Vrees, Leo
Abdulrazzak, Mohamed
Country
Smith, Jim
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Bebington
Rotterdam
Bebington
Bebington
Bebington
Bebington
Bebington
Bebington
Bebington
Bebington
Bebington
Bebington
Baarn
The Hague
Beirut
New York, NY
Hamilton
NL
NL
NL
NL
GB
NL
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
NL
NL
LB
US
CA
Dengo, Manuel B.
New York, NY
US
Sauveplane, Claude
New York, NY
US
Neto, Frederico
New York, NY
US
Burke, Jacob
Dourojeanni, Axel
New York, NY
Santiago
US
CL
Amoako, K.Y.
Addis Ababa
ET
Donkor, Stephen
Addis Ababa
ET
Makonnen, Elene
Addis Ababa
ET
Bosnjakovic, Branko
Geneva
SZ
Enderlein, Rainer
Geneva
SZ
Hoque, A.
Addis Ababa
ET
Teniere-Buchot, Pierre F.
The Hague
NL
Thomas, A. Babatunde
New York, NY
US
Laken, Zemenay
van Ginkel, Hans J.A.
Daley, Ralph
Jansky, Libor
Suzuki, Motoyuki
Salzberg, Aaron
New York, NY
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
The Hague
US
JP
JP
JP
JP
NL
Adrian, Stephanie
The Hague
NL
Nadiradze, Nino
Tbilisi
GE
Melanne A.
The Hague
NL
Murray, Sharon
The Hague
NL
Latif, Mohammed
Washington, DC US
213
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
United States Army
Corps of Engineers
United States Army
Corps of Engineers
United States Bureau of Reclamation
UNITWIN - UNESCO
University Eduardo Mondlane
University Eduardo Mondlane
University Nacional del Sur
University of Applied Sciences
University of Arizona
University of Botswana
University of Botswana
University of California
University of Colombo
University of Dar es Salaam
University of Dar es Salaam
University of Dhaka
University of Florida
University of Geneva /
University of Ghent
University of Glasgow
University of Hacettepe
University of Indonesia
University of Karlsruhe
University of Karlsruhe
University of Lagos
University of Leicester
University of Ljubljana
University of Lund
University of Manitoba
University of Maryland
University of New Hampshire
University of Nijmegen
University of Nijmegen,
Frontinus Gesellschaft
University of Nijmegen, GLTC
University of Oslo
University of Pelia Harapan
University of San Carlos Fhillippines
University of Sao Paulo
University of Sceince and Technology
University of Science and Technology
University of Technology Delft
214
Country
Hurdus, Alan
The Hague
NL
Salazar, Doreen
Washington, DC US
Delli Priscoli, Jerome
Arlington, VA
US
D'Aniello, John
Deason, Wayne
Loy, Frank E.
Lawson, Charles A.
Fendley, Edward J.
Caruba, Raoul
Brito, R.
Juizo, D.
Regveira, Jose Maria
Doering, Mathias
Sorooshian, Soroosh
Chaoka, T.R.
Cheoka, T.R.
Sax, Joseph
Disanayaka, Jayaratna Banda
Mujwahuzi, Mark
Mashauri, D.A.
Rasheed, Sajjadur
Delfino, Joseph
Boisson de Chazournes
Laurence
Deconinck, Stefan
Ervine, Alan
Bagis, Ali Ihsan
Widayat, Widadi Wahyu
Prinz, Dieter
Hahn, Hermann H.
Oyebande, Lekan
Herrington, Paul
Maticic, Brane
Niemczynowic, Janusz
Simonovic, Slobodan
Sebastian, Antoinette
Hennings, Enrique
Lozano, Nancy
Conca, Ken
Green, Pamela
Lammers, Richard
Vörösmarty, charles
Piras, Susanna
Washington, DC
Denver, CO
The Hague
The Hague
The Hague
Nice
Maputo
Maputo
Bahia Blanca
Darmstadt
Tucson, AZ
Gaborone
Gaborone
San Francisco
Colombo
Dar Es Salaam
Dar Es Salaam
Dhaka
Gainesville, FL
US
US
NL
NL
NL
FR
MZ
MZ
AR
DE
US
BW
BW
US
LK
TZ
TZ
BD
US
Geneva
Gent
Glasgow
Ankara
Depok
Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe
Lagos
Leicester
Ljubljana
Lund
Winnipeg
Greenbelt
College Park, MD
University Park
College Park, MD
Durham
Northwood, NH
Durham
Nijmegen
CH
BE
GB
TR
ID
DE
DE
NG
GB
SI
SE
CA
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
NL
Kessener, Paul
de Haan, Nathalie
Gottschalk, Lars
Solaiman, David Bramudya
Ric Fornis, M.sc
Porto, Monica
Taigbenu, A.E.
Andam, Kwesi
Goorden, N.
Weening, Heleen
van Rijen, P.J.
Holland, M.
Piepers, P.R.
van Egmond, A.
Zuidgeest, M.
Bouw, L.
Nijmegen
Nijmegen
Oslo
Tangerang
Delft
Sao Paulo
Bulawayo
Kumasi
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
NL
NL
NO
ID
NL
BR
ZW
GH
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Organisation/Name
University of Technology Lisbon
University of the Philippines
University of Twente
University of Twente
University of Uppsala
University of Utrecht
University of Utrecht
University of Versailles
University of Warwick
University of Washington
University of Washington
University of Water
Resources of China
University of Western Cape
University of Zambia
University of Zambia,
School of Mines
University of Zimbabwe
City
Jorrissen, J.G.L.
van Nood, M.J.
Country
van Hijum, Yde
Swain, Ashok
Derks, D.
Meeuwsen, Wendy
Amorsi, Natacha
Rees, David
Naiman, Robert J.
Fergoson, John
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Lisbon
Quezon City
Enschede
Enschede
Uppsala
Utrecht
Utrecht
Guyancourt
Coventry
Seattle
Seattle
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PT
PH
NL
NL
SE
NL
NL
FR
GB
US
US
Liu, Zhi Guang
van den Zaag, Pieter
Phiri, Z.
Beijing
Pretoria
Lusaka
CN
ZA
ZM
Nyambe, Imasiku
Senzanje, A.
Lusaka
Harare
ZM
ZW
Kiekeboom, O.
Pigeaud, E.H.
Walag, Fe
Vambersky, T.A.
de Bake, D.P.
Vink, A.S.
Schram, R.I.
van Reenen, M.
Huisman, Pieter
Goemans, E.C.J.
Bolier, Gerda
van 't Hof, A.
Mul, M.L.
van Geurts-Kessel, S.
Fornis, Ric
von van Asmuth, J.R.
Vlutters, M.
Stelling, G.S.
Kruijt, N.
Bakker, P.
van Leenen, M.T.
Klaassen, R.
Steenhauer, K.
Ertsen, Maurits
Thissen, Wil
van Hardevelt, I.D.
Laenen, K.C.J.
Dijk, W.J.
Brouwer, Robert
Rutten, J.G.
Ankum, P
Rutten, S.
van Roost, M.
Saltner, C.
van Zalinge, K.
van den Akker, C.
Pingen, D.H.H.
van de Ven, J.W.M.
Kleizen, Herman
te Grotenhuis, R.
Dijk, M.A.
Wisgerhof, A.
Rijsberman, Michiel
Costa Pardal, Sidonio
Liongson, Ricardo Leonardo
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
City
University of Zimbabwe
University of Zurich
University of Zurich
University Saint Quentinen Yvelines
Wright, E.A
Wacker, Corine
Brunner, Ueli
Stephan, Raya
UNOPS
UNU/INWEH
UNU/INWEH
UPC-Grupo Tecnologia del Agua
Collas, Cecik
USF Benelux/Vivendi
Water Nederland
USF Benelux/Vivendi
Water Nederland
USF Benelux/Vivendi
Water Nederland
UST
Utthan
Collins, Terry
Soler, Manuel A.
Harare
Zurich
Pfaeffikon
Vernuiel
sur Seine
New York, NY
Hamilton
Hamilton
Terrassa
Barcelona
ZW
CH
CH
FR
US
CA
CA
ES
Onkiehong, O.
Zoetermeer
NL
Pol, A.
Zoetermeer
NL
Welkers, A.H.J.
Huq, Hamidul
Joshi, Saumya
Zoetermeer
Dhaka
Vastrapur,
Ahmedabad
Vastrapur,
Ahmedabad
Vastrapur,
Ahmedabad
Vastrapur,
Ahmedabad
Vastrapur,
Ahmedabad
Vastrapur,
Ahmedabad
Vastrapur,
Ahmedabad
Vastrapur,
Ahmedabad
Delft
Delft
Omaha, NE
Valley
Amerzoden
Delft
Leidschendam
Diamondhead
Arnhem
Zeist
Delft
Nijmegen
Amsterdam
Lelystad
The Hague
's Gravenpolder
Delft
Leeuwarden
Rotterdam
Utrecht
Groningen
Den Bosch
Rosmalen
Voorschoten
Hoogeveen
Leiderdorp
Wageningen
Amsterdam
Oestgeest
The Hague
Hilversum
NL
BD
Utthan
Patel, Ghanshyam
Utthan
Brahambhatt, Diptis
Utthan, Prajapati
Shailesh R.
Utthan
Dalwadi, Heena K.
Utthan
Brahmbhati, Subhash
Utthan
Barot, Raju M.
Utthan
Barot, Nafisa
Uyouko, Nse-Abasi
Valencia-Vazquez, Roberto
Valmont Ind.
Valmont Irrigation
van Bekkum, K.
van Beusekom, Gelske
van Dam-Simons, A.P.
van de Kop, Bridget
van de Veen, R.
van den Berg-de Jager, D.
van den Bosch, L.
van den Wollenberg, Edward
van der Heijden, W.
van der Laar, Sonja
van der Staaij
van der Weele, M.J.
Van Essen Instruments B.V.
Van Hall Inst.
Van Hattum en Blankenvoort
van Herk, Adrieke
van het Hullenaar, Fiona
van Hoften, Leon
van Huyberts-van Oers, M.H.W.
van Koten, M.
van Kuilenburg-Lodder, B.E.A.
van Lith, M.
van Loon, Anne
van Melle-Hermans, A.
van Mierlo, H.L.G.M.
van Oldeniel, H.F.M.
van Olm-Koenen, J.
Country
Berkland, Cindy
Berkland, Richard
Wieling, W
Ridderbos, N.L.
IN
IN
IN
IN,
IN
IN
IN
IN
NL
NL
US
US
NL
NL
NL
US
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Country
Organisation/Name
City
van Oosterhoudt, J.
van Riel, M.
van Tuyen, Phan
van Vierssen, Wim
van Vliet, Kyrian
van Vliet-Vijverberg, A.C.M.
van Wensen, R.P.M.
van Wijk, H.B
van Zon, R.
van Zuylen, Annemieke
Vangelova-Veltcheva, Roumania D.
Vardinyan, Gevorg
Vashi, Anand
Vassell, Linnette
Veen, Paulien
Veen Ecology BV
Veenland, J.
Vekon Associates
Velickov, Slavco
Veltrop, Jan A.
Venezuela Government
Venhuizen, K.D.
Verbaan-Bal, A.
Verbundplan GmbH
Vereniging "Vrienden van de Maas"
Vereniging Natuurmonumenten
Vereniging voor Natuuren Milieueducatie (IVN)
VERSeau Association
Vetiver Network
VEWIN
The Hague
Haarlem
Delft
Delft
Amsterdam
Honselersdijk
The Hague
Leiderdorp
Utrecht
Delft
Plovdiv
Jerevan
Delft
Kingston
Utrecht
Soest
Amstelveen
Fairfax, VA
Delft
Skokie, IL
Merida
Borger
's Gravenzande
Vienna
Maastricht
's Gravenland
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
BG
AM
NL
JM
NL
NL
NL
US
NL
US
VE
NL
NL
AT
NL
NL
Amsterdam
Montpellier
Oestgeest
St. Georges
d'Oleron
Rijswijk
Rijswijk
Delft
NL
FR
NL
FR
NL
NL
NL
Kampala
Cape Town
Delft
Port au Prince
Blacksburg
Etten
Vollenhove
Sao Paulo
Budapest
Budapest
UG
ZA
NL
HT
US
NL
NL
BR
HU
HU
Liege
BE
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
FR
FR
FR
FR
Paris
St. Maurice
Paris
Paris
Paris
London
Ghoy
Bangkok
Erembodegem
The Hague
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
GB
BE
TH
BE
NL
VEWIN
VEWIN
Vianda, Filipe L.L.
Vice-President of Uganda
Victoria + Alfred Waterfront (PTY) ltd
Villagran, Mauricio
Villaire, Patrick
Virginia Tech 200 Patton Hall
Visscher-Endevelt, E.
Visser, M.C.
Vitae Civilis
VITUKI
VITUKI
Vivendi - Compagnie
Generale Europe, Belgium
Vivendi - Generale des Eaux
Vivendi Water
Vivendi Water
Vivendi Water
Vivendi Water
Vivendi Water UK PLC
Vivendi Water-Aquiris
Vivithkeyoonvong, Somsak
Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij
VNO-NCW
Veen, Peter
Varley, Robert
Hector, Trujillo
Gunatilaka, Amara
Cremers, Pierre
de Boer, C.N.
Videnina-Soulie, Yunona
des Bouvrie, Cornelis
Martijn, Theo
Cals, Gidi
Kazibwe
Speciosa Wandira
van Zijl, Piet
Cox, William E.
Cabral Born, Gemima
Gayer, Jozsef
Bakonyi, Peter
Goldine, Georges
de Maud'Huy
Charles Louis
Peirce, Robert
Rousseau, Patrick
van de Velde, Thierry
Bourbigot
Marie-Marguerite
Mallet, Thierry
Froger, Anne
Mohr, Gerard
Caniard, H.Y.
Verbeek, Marc
de Brabander, Karel
Gunster, Jan Wilko
215
v
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
w
City
Volta Basin Research Project
Vos, Loeki
Vos, Suzan
VTT Energy
W. Giertsen Als
Waardenburg
Wageningen Agricultural University
216
Gordon, Christopher
Ranne, Aulis
Dupin, Vincent
Sonnemand, Ronald
Pinkers, M.
Post Uiterweer, Nynke
Ketelaar, Evelyn
Kaspersma, Judith
Pors, A.
Groeneveld, R.
Ronda, Reinder
Hekman, A.
Tissingh, Jennie
van der Zande, A.
Keijzers, Jan
Wierikx, R.
Wietsma, Ewa
Lievin, Johanne
Menkveld, Anja
Linden, Vincent
van Woerden, F.
Roest, C.
Machiridza, Rose
Bueno de Mesquita, Mourik
van der Worp, h.M
Adank, Marieke
van der Schaaf, Carlotte
Ypma, Klaske
van der Scheur, w
Manzungu, Emmanuel
Stuyt, Lodewijk
Strik, Annemarie
Mastenbroek, Astrid
Cremers, Leontien
Strijker, Jan
de Groot, Anne
Smits, Stef
Quintal, Oswald
van de Perk, Johan
Knegt, Jan Willem
Bakker, W.
Veldwisch, Gert Jan
Veerman, C.
Rap, Edwin
Wahaj, Robina
Ijpelaar, R.J.M.
Boelens, Rutgerd
van de Wiel, Bas
Koomen, Noud
Herman, Ritie
Bolding, Alex
Hoogendoorn, Wally
Lall, Preeta
Andriessen, Mechteld
Smit, Robert
Zitten, Mark
Hoogland, Inge
Krishnan, Jyothi
van Bommel, Severine
Horst, Lucas
Howard-Borjas, Patricia
Accra
Amsterdam
Utrecht
Espoo
Bergen
Culemburg
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Puno
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
Country
GH
NL
NL
FI
NO
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PE
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Organisation/Name
Wageningen Agricultural University,
Erosion Group
Wageningen Agricultural University, ESCW
Wageningen Agricultural University, ESWC
Wageningen University and
Reseach centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre
Research Centre Alterra
City
Country
Paranjape, Suhas
Wageningen
NL
Sterk, g.
Klaasse, Annemarie
Kemeling, Ilona
Wageningen
Wageningen
Wageningen
NL
NL
NL
Wageningen
NL
Looyaard, Arwen
Wageningen
NL
Noij, Gert-Jan
Wageningen
NL
Mallinga, Peter
Wageningen
NL
van Vuren, Gerrit
Wageningen
NL
Zwarteveen, Margreet Wageningen
NL
Nieuwendijk, Godelieve Wageningen
NL
van Lier, Jules
Wageningen
NL
Maarveld, Marleen
Wageningen
NL
van Dam, Barbara
Wageningen
NL
Rabbinge, Rudy
Wageningen
NL
Bindraban, Prem
Wageningen
NL
Drent, Jan
Wageningen
NL
de Groot, Dolf
Wageningen
NL
Hamers, Heidi
Wageningen
NL
Spiertz, Hubert
Wageningen
NL
v.d. Broek, Barend
Wageningen
NL
Scheffer, Marten
Wageningen
NL
Feddes, Reinder
Wageningen
NL
Brussaard, Lijbert
Wageningen
NL
Querner, Erik
Wageningen
NL
Luttik, Joke
Wageningen
NL
Higler, Bert
Wageningen
NL
Jacobs, Claire
Wageningen
NL
Boels, Dethmer
Wageningen
NL
Kwakernaat, Cees
Wageningen
NL
Roerink, Gerbert J.
Wageningen
NL
Su, Bob
Wageningen
NL
van Gijsen, Miep
Wageningen
NL
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
Wainaina, Mburu
Wall Street Journal Europe
WALMI
Walsh, Pania
Wandee, Preecha
Wang, Ling
Wang, Bei
Wang, Xiaobai
Wang, Shuangming
Waris, Niaz
Warlayirti Artists Centre
Warlayirti Artists Centre
WARPO, Ministry of Water
Resources,Bangladesh
Warsaw Agricultural
University - SGGW
Warsaw University of Technology
WATAC
Water
Water & Power Consultancy
Services Ltd.
Water & Power Consultancy
Services Ltd.
Water & Sanitation
Extension Programme
Water & Sanitation
Extension Programme
Water & Sanitation Programme
Water & Sanitation Programme
Water Action
Water Affairs
Water Affairs
Water and Env. Engeneering
Water and Environment International
Water and Environment International
Water and Sanitation Programme
Water and Sanitation programme
East & Southern Africa
Water and Sewerage Authority
Water and Sewerage Authority
of Trinidad&Tobago
Water Associations Worldwide
Water Board Boarn en Klif
Water Board Polder District Betuwe
Water Board Regge and Dinkel
Water Board Regge and Dinkel
Water Company Lovec
Water Company Pazardjik
Water Company Stara Zagora
Water Dept. National Land Agency
Water Development Board
Water Engineering and Sewage Co.
City
Country
Steenvoorden, Joop
Wageningen
NL
Moors, Eddy
Wageningen
Delft
Amsterdam
Aurangabad
Klarenbeek
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Baleo via
Halls Cree
NL
NL
NL
IN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Dorsey, James M.
Pendse, Vijay
Acker, Tim
Napanangka
Tjamma Freda
AU
Baleo via
Halls Cree
AU
Khan, Tauhidul Anwar
Dhaka
BD
Ignar, Stefan
Nawalany, Marek
Yacouba, Bako
van der Sluis, Tonnis
Warsaw
Warsaw
Niamey
Utrecht
PL
PL
NE
NL
Garg, Vimal
New Delhi
IN
Diwan, P.L.
New Delhi
IN
Alibhai, Karim
Gilgit
PK
Hussain, Manzoor
Kim, Hywon
Musumba, Brazille
Kassa, Takele
Mamuel, Joaguim C. A.
Carmo Vaz, Alvaro
Puhakka, Jaakko
Roth, Stephen
Bennett, Chris
Gross, Bruce
Iyer, Parameswaran
Cross, Piers
Evans, Barbara
Gilgit
Washington, DC
Nairobi
Addis Ababa
Maputo
Maputo
Tampere
Redhill
Redhill
Washington, DC
New Delhi
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
New Delhi
PK
US
KE
ET
MZ
MZ
FI
GB
GB
US
IN
US
US
IN
Zidonde, rOSE
Makhoalibe, Sechocha
Nairobi
Maseru
KE
LS
Joseph, Wayne Peter
Port of Spain
Alexandria, VA
Flenstaton
Joure
Elst
Enschede
Almelo
Lovec
Pazardjik
Stara Zagora
Tokyo
Dhaka
The Hague
TT
US
GB
NL
NL
NL
NL
BG
BG
BG
JP
BD
NL
Matthews, Peter John
Schouwenaars, Jos
Grijpstra, Bouwe
Kuks, Stefan
Svetoslav, Ivanov
Terzov, Georgi
Georgiev, Stefan
Hamaguchi, Tatsuo
Rabbani, Golam
Rahmanie, Abolghasem
Organisation/Name
Water Environment Federation
Water For People
Water in Rivers Secretariat
Water Problems Institute
Water Research Commission
Water Resource Bureau
Water Resources Commission
Water Resources
Coordination Committee
Water Resources Dept. Nat. Land Ag.
Water Resources Planning
Organisation
Water Resources Planning
Organization
Water Sector Investment Planning Cell
Water Servicers Magazine
Water Services Corporation
Water Supply and Sanitation
Collaborative Council, Gorre-Dale
Water Supply and
Sanitation Collaborative Council
Collaborative Council
Water Supply System
Water Utility Partnership
Water, Environment &
Habitat Consulting
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
City
Stowe, Joe
DeBell, Kevin
Harris, Rhonda
Brown, Quincalee
Rietveld, Carlo
Yoneyama, Ken
Hiyama, Hirotaka
Kusuda, Mikito
Nakata, Tomoki
Toyama, Masato
Yokota, Taeko
Saimei, Kazushige
Kinoshita, Masaya
Kishida, Fumio
Matoi, Yuhka
Inoue, Tomoo
Kano, Toshiyuki
Khublaryan, Martin
Odendaal, Piet
Greene, Jennifer
Shamir, Uri
Hsu, Shiang Kueen
Adom, Daniel A.
Nonthaxay
Phonechaleun
Sakino, Kensuko
Country
Alexandria, VA
Alexandria, VA
Alexandria, VA
Alexandria, VA
Bethesda, MD
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Tokyo
Moscow
Pretoria
Maine
Haifa
Taipei
Accra
US
US
US
US
US
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
RU
ZA
US
IL
TW
GH
Vientiane
Tokyo
LA
JP
van den Heuvel, Hans
Dhali
Qaium Dhali Abdul
Awan, Hashmat Ullah
Waddington, Karma
Riolo, Antoine
Dhaka
BD
Dhaka
Peshawar
Surrey
La Valette
BD
PK
GB
MT
Eirah, New York
NY
US
Wirasinha, Ranjith
Geneva
CH
Paultre Sajous, Yolande
Pe'tion Ville
HT
Wimmers, Isabella
Rijswijk
NL
Jolly, Richard
Muamera, Alikadic
Mwanza, Dennis Daniel
Geneva
Sarajevo
Abidjan
CH
BA
CI
Terwey, Leonard
Annamraju, Shailaja
Siddhi, Rattan K
Brand-Self, Sharon
Lloyd, Julia
Sampson, Julia
Angel, S.
Rahman, Perween
Gulerman, Emel
Gamage, Venetia
Chisholm, Julian
Macgrory, Jean
Trace, Simon
Calaguas, Belinda
Ockelford, Jeremy
Burn, Nick
Allder, Derek
Pijnacker
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
NL
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
217
PARTICIPANTS
Country
Organisation/Name
Schrijver, A.B.M.
Juhasz-Holterman, Maria
van der Willigen, Frans
Lemmens, Richard
Hoeymakers, Andre
van Diepenbeek, Peter
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
London
Rotterdam
Utrecht
Assen
Assen
Assen
Maastricht
Maastricht
Maastricht
Maastricht
Maastricht
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
GB
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Hoogwout, B.J
Huzen, Lianne
Smits, Johannes
Dijkman, Jos
Kerssens, Peter
Ruijgh, Erik
Den Bosch
Zwolle
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Wetlands International
White Bear Water LTD
White Bear Water LTD
WID Specialist
Widjajanto, Agita
Wijayanti, Yureana
Wilaard Holding
Wilaard Holding
Wilfrid Laurier University
WIMSA
Windyawati, Reny
Winrock International
Witteveen & Bos
Witteveen & Bos
Witteveen & Bos
Witteveen & Bos
Witteveen & Bos
WKAB
WL / Delft Hydraulics
WNF
Wolf, Ellen
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
Organisation/Name
City
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Wateraid
Waterbedrijf Europoort (WBE)
Waterleidingbedrijf Midden Nederland
Waterleidingmaatschappij Drenthe
Waterleidingmaatschappij Limburg
Waterleidingmaatschappij
Oost-Brabant
Waterleidingmaatschappij Overijssel
Waterloop
Waterloop
Waterloop
Waterloop
Waterwinningbedrijf
Brabantse Biesbosch
WAVIN-KLS
WAVIN-M&T
WCD
Webster University
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECF
WECS Inst. Development Project
WEDC
WEDC
WEDC
Weijenborg-Pot, Ph.
Weite, lee
Wendot, Hosea Kipyegon
WES
West Bengal Voluntary
West Java Provincial Public Works
Westchester County
Westchester County
218
O'Connel, Mary
Spradbery, Jacqui
Kato-Salongo, Ronald
Ravelsen, Arsene
Ikumi, Pauline
Turner, Stephen
Isherwood, John
Munyirwa, Kinya
Morris, Tim
Narayanan, Ravi
Regalado, Aurora
Pandey, Umesh
Sinclair, Peter
dos Santos, F.
Bruggink, Chris
Hoogsteen, Karst Jan
van Breemen, Lambert
Werkendam
Hardenberg
Jansen, Karla
Dedemsvaart
Workman, Jamie
Cape Town
Foody, Richard
London
Koutjukhina, Olja
Utrecht
Gabizon, Sascha
Utrecht
Butter, Maureen
Utrecht
Perdeck, Liesbeth
Utrecht
Martirosyan, Nora
Utrecht
van der Werf, Greetje
Utrecht
Kranendonk-Schwarts, Marie Utrecht
Petrova, Svetlana
Utrecht
Quak-Stoilova, Julia
Utrecht
Peer Monastyrjova, Tatjana Utrecht
Khripko, Julia
Utrecht
Ohanjanyan, Olga
Utrecht
Ferguson, Scott
Kathmandu
Saywell, Darren
Loughborough
Cotton, Andrew
Loughborough
Smout, Ian
Loughborough
The Hague
Delft
Delft
de Maeyer, Grete
Ijsselbroek
Podder, D.P
Calcutta
Iskandar, Uus Mustari
Bandung
Spano, Andy
New York, NY
Spano, Brenda
New York, NY
Oneka, Michael
Wageningen
Schaap, Robin
The Hague
Zingstra, Henk
Wageningen
NL
NL
NL
ZA
GB
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NP
GB
GB
GB
NL
NL
NL
BE
NL
ID
US
US
NL
NL
NL
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
City
Brouwer, Matthijs
Silvius, Marcel
Russell, Wilson
Popilarz, Stan
Shamsun Nathar, Begum
Zeinstra, Jan S.
Lok, Jan
Young, Gordon
Iuseb, Joram
Abeyratne, Shayamala
Rijnart, Frans
Witjes, Theo
Coppes, Jan
Grimm, Map
Winblad, Uno
Gijsbers, Peter
Wesseling, Hans
van Beek, Eelco
Bakker, Berend
Glas, Peter
Schilperoort, Tom
Achterberg, Mark
Nduwayo, Manasse
Herman, Theodore
Brahimi, Salah
Fahmy Abdalla, Ahmed M.
Brown, Ato
de Bruin, Dick
Ellaham, Inas
Nsanzumuganwa
Emmanuel
Groenfeldt, David
Abdel Dayem, Safwat
Gonzalez, Alicia
Polak, Paul
Grey, David
Postel, Sandra
Kemper, Karin
Briscoe, John
Diemer, Geert
Reidinger, Richard
Doyen, Jean H
Abrams, Len
Makino, Midori
Gonzalez, Fernando
Auer, Peter
Darghouth, Salah
Chessang, George
Jacob, Karen
Dinar, Ariel
Patorni, Francois-Marie
Hart, Tracy
Mejia, Abel
Uku, Richard
Msuya, Meraji
Thalwitz, Wilfried
N'Daw, Wally
Saad, Nadia
Country
Wageningen
Wageningen
Vancouver, BC
West Vancouver
Dhaka
Delft
Yogyakarta
Leeuwarden
Leeuwarden
Waterloo, ONT
Windhoek
Delft
New Delhi
Deventer
Deventer
Deventer
Deventer
Deventer
Stockholm
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Delft
Utrecht
Schiedam
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
NL
NL
CA
CA
BD
NL
ID
NL
NL
CA
NA
NL
IN
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
SE
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Rockville, MD
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Arlington, VA
Washington, DC
Pasig City
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Chevy Chase
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
PH
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank
World Bank - Rural
Water & Sanitation Project Office
World Bank - Rural Water &
Sanitation Project Office
World Business Council on
Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
World Commission on Water
World Conservation Union
World Conversation Union
World Energy Council
World Food Programme
World Health Organisation
World Health Organisation - DGO
World Health Organisation - DGO
World Health Organisation, Cambodia
World Health Organization
World Humanity Action Trust
World Museum Rotterdam
World Population Foundation
World Resources Institute
World Tourism Organisation
World Water Council
World Water Council
City
Country
Alemu, Senai
Lemoigne, Guy
Garvey, Walter A
Lavoie, Robert
El Tom Hamad, Osman
de Jong, Ijsbrand Harko
Jones, Leita
Ditanta, Kayembe
Jarquin, Javier
Hagos
Mohamed Ahmed
Janssen, Jan G.
Leautier, Frannie
Salman, Salman
de Loose, Roger
Washington, DC
Bethesda, MD
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Bethesda, MD
Washington, DC
Wilrijk
Washington, DC
US
US
US
US
BE
US
Hei, Xiao-Ping
Nanjing
CN
Zhong, Zi-Kun
Nanjing
CN
Xie, Ping
Nanjing
CN
Hua, Mi
Nanjing
CN
Wang, Rong-Ci
Nanjing
CN
Fry, Albert
Jain, Larshmi
Bird, Jeremy
Asmal, Kader
Muller, Mike
Caltech Scudder, Ted
McNamara, Robert
Catley-Carlson, Margaret
Ramos, Fidel
Hjort, Howard
Martin, Claude
Bos, Elroy
Blasco, Delmar
Noor, Queen
Khatib, Hisham
de Gaay Fortman, Marius
Aergeers, Roger
Tarantola, Daniel
Brundtland, Gro Harlem
Rosenboom, Jan-Willem
Bartram, Jamie
Sexton, Kay
Powell, Anne
Rodda, John
Askew, Arthur
Abrate, Tomasso
Obasi, Godwin O.P.
Kraemer, Dieter
Wartna, Fred
Bogaarts, Yvonne
Brunner, Jake
Thompson, Kirsten
Kura, Yumiko
Revenga, Carmen
Yunis, Eugenio
Labriot, Sylvie
Al-Ansari, Reem
Geneva
Cape Town
Cape Town
Cape Town
Johannesburg
Pasadena, CA
Washington, DC
New York, NY
Manila
McLean
Gland
Gland
Gland
Gland
Amman
Rome
Rome
Geneva
Geneva
Baarn
Geneva
London
London
London
Geneva
Geneva
Geneva
Chambersy
Rotterdam
Hilversum
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Madrid
Marseille
Marseille
CH
ZA
ZA
ZA
ZA
US
US
US
PH
US
CH
CH
CH
CH
JO
IT
IT
CH
CH
NL
CH
GB
GB
GB
CH
CH
CH
CH
NL
NL
US
US
US
US
ES
FR
FR
Organisation/Name
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council
World Water Council - ICOLD
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Water Vision
World Wide Water Foundation LTD
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund International
World Wildlife Fund International,
China Programme Office
City
Hassan, Mervat
Shady, Aly
El Safety, Amre Karim
Sequin, Diana
Najjar, Ismail
Huttak, Isabelle
Lemaire-Drinkwater
Vanessa
Ben Hassine, Sonia
Al-Alawi, Maliha
Al-Alawi, Jamil
Griffiths, Alun
Coulomb, René
Coulston, Pamela
Al-Amsari, Reem
Lecornu, Jacques
Bogardi, Janos
Steenbergen, Elise
Cosgrove, William
Bouayad Agha, Malia
Okazumi, Toshio
Verhoog, Frits
Cele, Bongiwe
Bruk, Stevan
de la Fuente, Jesus Miguel
Salih, Abdin
Blix, Bozena
Moustafaev, Vefa
Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu
Morris, Ariana
Tejada Guibert, José Alberto
Salame, Lena
Rijsberman, Frank
Adams, Edrai
Holland, Richard
de Jong, Leen
van Triest, Martijn
Magnin, Gernant
Lanser-Reusken
Marie-Christine
Barker, John
Segaar-Dijks, Joke
de Haas, Liedewey
Hunt, Constance
Thewessen, Nicole
Drijver, Carel
Kasten, Marlieke
Martin, C.
Vanderbeeken, Mark
Freitas, Analuce
Biksham, Gujja
Landenbergue, Denis
Mumba, Musonda
Hadeed, Lisa Marie
Russell, Shaleen
Country
Marseille
Marseille
Marseille
Marseille
Marseille
Marseille
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
Marseille
Marseille
Marseille
Marseille
Marseille
Marseille
Montreal
Marseille
Paris
Paris
Rotterdam
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Dahlonega, GA
Zeist
Zeist
Zeist
Zeist
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
CA
FR
FR
FR
NL
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
FR
US
NL
NL
NL
NL
Zeist
Godalming
Zeist
Zeist
Zeist
Zeist
Zeist
Zeist
Gland
Copenhagen
Brasilia
Gland
Gland
Gland
Gland
Gland
Zeist
NL
GB
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
CH
DK
BR
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
NL
Li, Chao
Beijing
CN
Huang, Qin Gui
Beijing
CN
Zhang, Jianlong
Beijing
CN
Lei, Guang Chun
Beijing
CN
219
PARTICIPANTS
Organisation/Name
x
y
z
City
World Wildlife Fund Switzerland
World Wildlife Fund, Brasil
World Wildlife Fund, Madagascar P.O.
World Wildlife Fund, Malaysia
World Wildlife Fund, United Kingdom
Worldwater Corporation
WRAP
WRMS Project
WSO
WSO
Wu, Dao Xi
Wu Hung, I.
Wuhan University of
Hydr. & Electr. Engineering
Wuryanti, Wahyu
Xue, Yunpeng
Yale University
Yamonashi
Yan, Song
Yang, Xuedong
Yang, Zuliang
Yangtzi Valley Water Resource
Protection Bureau
Yegnes, Anat
Yizaraeli, Moshe
Yorkshire Water Services
Yuan, Jianxin
YWCA Belarus
YWCA Belarus
YWCA El Salvador
YWCA El Salvador
YWCA International
YWCA Solomon Islands
YWCA Solomon Islands
ZAO Refugee Care
Zeng, Jie
Zhang, Guoping
Zhao, Lanying
Zhou, Qixing
Zhu, Chuanbao
Zom, F.
Zuidema-Hertog, A.
Zuiveringsschap Rivierenland
Zuo, Haiyang
220
Country
Du, Yong Ming
Beijing
CN
Hong, Yin
Beijing
CN
Chi, Yao Ping
Baerlocher, Christine
Lange, Bernadete
Razafimahatratra, Tiana
Krishnan, Ramadasan
Yeo, Bee Hong
Yap, Wendy
Tydeman, Chris
Quentin, Kelly
Adema, Durk G.
Sakupwanja, Jefter
Spoor, Gijs
de Raadt, A.
Beijing
Zurich
Brasilia
Antananarivo
Petaling Jaya
Petaling Jaya
Petaling Jaya
Godalming
Hopewell, NJ
Wageningen
Harare
Wageningen
Wageningen
Delft
Delft
CN
CH
BR
MG
MY
MY
MY
GB
US
NL
ZW
NL
NL
NL
NL
Jun, Xia
Wuha
Delft
Delft
New York, NY
Kofu
Delft
Delft
Delft
CN
NL
NL
US
JP
NL
NL
NL
Wuhan
Delft
Denver, CO
Bradford
Delft
Minsk
Minsk
Soyapango
San Salvador
New York, NY
Honiara
Honiara
Apeldoorn
Delft
Delft
Delft
Shenyang
Delft
Wageningen
Eefde
Tiel
Tiel
Tiel
Tiel
Tiel
Delft
CN
NL
US
GB
NL
BY
BY
SV
SV
US
SB
SB
NL
NL
NL
NL
CH
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
Abuyuan, Alethea
Takeuchi, Kuniyoshi
Weng, Lida
Thomas, David
Vodneva, Maria
Kanavalava, Yuliya
Letona, Eunice C.
Alvarez, Blanca Isabel
Dillon-Ridgley, Dianne
Menvi, Rachel
Chottu, James
Verweij, M
Minderhoud, Frederique
Koning, Alex
Dijkman, Paul
van Oort, Dick
de Vries, Klaas
The Fair Participants
At the World Water Fair, more than 120 organisations and corporations manifested
their commitment to water issues. We counted 32,500 registered visits in the course
of the Forum and the Fair proved an outstanding opportunity for meeting other
participants, networking and learning about water in the world in many different
ways. The following pages list all the Fair's participants. In as far as address and
contact details are not mentioned readers can request these from the Fair organisers, [email protected] or [email protected].
a
Amsterdam Water:
Amsterdam Water Supply
Tughlakabad Institutional Area 41,
Condensatorweg 54, 1014 AX Amsterdam
110 062 New Delhi, India
P.O. Box 8169, 1005 AD Amsterdam, Netherlands
tel. 91-116986399/3394/1110, fax 91-116985879,
tel. 31-205802510, fax 31-205802819,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.cseindia.org
c
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.gwa.nl
DWR
Spaklerweg 18, 1096 BA Amsterdam
Centrum Ontwikkelings
Samenwerking Overijssel
P.O. Box 94370, 1090 GJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
c/o Werkgroep Ontwikkelingstechniek
tel. 31-204602100, fax 31-204602101
Wiggerlanden 13, 7542 MX Enschede, Netherlands
tel. 31-534772854, fax 31-538504310
Aquatech Business Media
c/o Amsterdam RAI, Europaplein 8, 1078 GZ Amsterdam
CINARA - Colombia
P.O. Box 77777, 1070 MS Amsterdam, Netherlands
tel. 31-205491212, fax 31-205491893, e-mail:
Citizens House
[email protected], website: www.aquatech-rai.com
54 Rue le Royer Quest, Montreal, PQ H2Y 1W7, Canada
tel. 1-5148494262, fax 1-5148492822
Arcadis
P.O. Box 33, 6800 LE Arnhem, Netherlands
COS Centrum voor
Internationale Samenwerking
tel. 31-263778911, fax 31-263620527, e-mail:
P.O. Box 1474, 8001 BL Zwolle, Netherlands
[email protected], website: www.arcadis.nl
tel. 31-384211925, fax 31-384230865, e-mail:
Utrechtseweg 68, 6812 AH Arnhem
[email protected], website: www.cossen.nl/overijssel
Atlantic-Draintanks - Australia
b
CREPA - Burkina Fasso
Balfour Maunsell Ltd. - U.K.
d
Delft Cluster
Belgroma - Belgium
Stieltjesweg 2, 2628 CK Delft
P.O. Box 69, 2600 AB Delft, Netherlands
Binnie Black & Veatch - U.K.
tel. 31-152693793, fax 31-152693799, e-mail:
[email protected], website: www.delftcluster.nl
Breur, G.M.
Wiggerlanden 6, 7542 MZ Enschede, Netherlands
DHV Groep
tel. 31-534771979
Laan 1914 35, 3818 EX Amersfoort
P.O. Box 484, 3800 AL Amersfoort, Netherlands
British Geological Survey - U.K.
tel. 31-334682290, fax 31-334682301, e-mail:
[email protected]
Business Link Merseyside - U.K.
Drinking Water Inspectorate - U.K.
221
DRiWATER, Inc.
Food and Agriculture Organization FAO
Suite 606, 50 Old Courthouse Square, Santa Rosa, CA
Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy
95404, U.S.A., tel. 1-7075289283, fax 1-7075283391,
tel. 39-0657054702, fax 39-0657056275, e-mail:
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.driwater.com
[email protected], website: www.fao.org
P.O. Box 34, 2270 AA Voorburg, Netherlands
Allan House, Liston Road, Marlow,
tel. 31-703577500
Buckinghamshire SL7 1FD, U.K.
f
tel. 44-1628891589, fax 44-1628472711,
Dura Vermeer Groep N.V.
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.fwr.org
Orfeoschouw 30, 2726 JE Zoetermeer
e-mail: [email protected],
French Water Agencies-French Ministry of
Environment c/o Agence de l'eau SeineNormandie
website: www.drijvendestad.nl
51 Rue Salvador Allende,
P.O. Box 7119, 2701 AL Zoetermeer, Netherlands
tel. 31-793438080, fax 31-793438090,
92027 Nanterre Cedex, France
DWR
tel. 33-141201600, fax 33-141201609, e-mail:
Dienst Waterhuishouding en Riolering
[email protected], website: www.aesn.fr
see: Amsterdam Water
e
EAWAG/SANDEC
GAP, Southeastern Anatolia Project
Regional Development Administration
Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf
Willy Brandt Sokak 5, 06680 Ankara, Turkey
P.O. Box 611, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
tel. 90-3124401302/1594, fax 90-3124401384, e-mail:
tel. 41-18235511, fax 41-18235399, website:
[email protected], website: www.gap.gov.tr
www.eawag.ch/www.sandec.ch
Gemeente Den Haag Dienst Stadsbeheer
Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment
P.O. Box 12651, 2500 DP Den Haag, Netherlands
Nijverheidsstraat 30, 6987 EM Giesbeek
tel. 31-703536359
P.O. Box 4, 6987 ZG Giesbeek, Netherlands
tel. 31-313631941, fax 31-313632167, website:
www.eijkelkamp.com
Gemeentewaterleidingen
Amsterdam (GWA)
see: Amsterdam Water
Ekolog Holding S.A. - Poland
Geodelft - Netherlands
Environ 2000 - U.K.
Environment Agency - U.K.
Essen Instruments B.V., Van
Delftechpark 20, 2628 XH Delft
Geopolis Consulting Engineers Russian Federation
GfL Planungs und
Ingenieursgesellschaft - F.R.G.
P.O. Box 553, 2600 AN Delft, Netherlands
tel. 31-152755000, fax 31-152755055, e-mail:
[email protected], website: www.vanessen.com
Suite G6-150, 1818 H Street N.W.,
tel. 1-2024587117, fax 1-2025223240, e-mail:
[email protected], website: www.gefweb.org
222
g
Global Water Partnership (GWP)
HR Wallingord - U.K.
c/o SIDA, Sveavagen 24-26,
105 25 Stockholm, Sweden
Hydroplus Magazine
tel. 46-86985000, fax 46-86985627, e-mail:
38 Rue de Villiers, 92300 Levallois-Perret, France
[email protected], website: www.gwpforum.org
tel. 33-141490000, fax 33-141490009, e-mail:
[email protected],
Globetree
website: www.hydroplus-press.com
Bergsgatan 2, 112 23 Stockholm, Sweden
tel. 46-86523527, fax 46-86522177, e-mail:
HydroRing B.V.
[email protected]
Nieuwe Uitleg 15, 2514 BP Den Haag, Netherlands
tel. 31-703621285, fax 31-703625225,
Grontmij Consultancy &
Engineering - Netherlands
i
ICCO
Grontmij Group
P.O. Box 151, 3700 AD Zeist, Netherlands
De Holle Bilt 22, 3732 HM De Bilt
tel. 31-306927811, fax 31-306925614
P.O. Box 203, 3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands
tel. 31-302207911, fax 31-302200174, e-mail:
IHE - Netherlands
[email protected], website: www.grontmij.com
Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft
P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands
h
Grontmij Water & Waste Management
International - Netherlands
tel. 31-152151715, fax 31-152122921,
Habitat, United Nations Centre
for Human Settlement
I.M.K.O - F.R.G.
P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya
Ingenieursbureau Rotterdam
tel. 254-2623039, fax 254-2624265,
c/o Gemeentewerken Rotterdam
P.O. Box 6633, 3002 AP Rotterdam, Netherlands
Haskoning/Iwaco
Intaquin B.V. International Aqua Investments
Barbarossastraat 35, 6522 DK Nijmegen
Meerweg 26, 8561 AV Balk, Netherlands
P.O. Box 151, 6500 AD Nijmegen, Netherlands
tel. 31-514603958, fax 31-514603259, e-mail:
tel. 31-243284284, fax 31-243239346,
[email protected], website: www.intaquin.nl
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.ihe.nl
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.haskoning.nl
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Herder B.V.
Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna
Herculesweg 6, 4338 PL Middelburg
P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
P.O. Box 8010, 4330 EA Middelburg, Netherlands
tel. 43-1260021735, fax 43-126007,
tel. 31-118679500, fax 31-118638730,
e-mail: [email protected], website:
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.herder.nl
www.iaea.or.at/programmes/ripc/ih/
Hoek, Geert - Netherlands
International Desalination Association
7 Central Street, Topsfield, MA 01983 P.O. Box 387,
Topsfield, MA 01983, U.S.A.
Phoenixstraat 32, 2611 AL Delft
tel. 1-9788870410, fax 1-9788870411
P.O. Box 3061, 2601 DB Delft, Netherlands
223
International Institute for Aerospace Survey
and Earth Sciences (ITC)
IVN
Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE Enschede
P.O. Box 20123, 1000 HC Amsterdam, Netherlands
P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands
tel. 31-206228115, fax 31-206266091,
tel. 31-534874444, fax 31-534874400,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.ivn.nl
Plantage Middenlaan 2c, 1018 DD Amsterdam
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.itc.nl
Iwaco/Haskoning
International Network on Participatory
Irrigation Management (INPIM)
Hoofdweg 490, 3067 GK Rotterdam
Suite 340, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue S.E.,
tel. 31-102865593, fax 31-102201005,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.iwaco.nl
P.O. Box 8520, 3009 AM Rotterdam, Netherlands
tel. 1-2025467005, fax 1-2023180215,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.inpim.org
IWEE - Finland
International Water Management Institute
IWSD - Zimbabwe
127 Sunil Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo
P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Jansen Venneboer
tel. 94-1867404/9080, fax 94-1866854,
Industrieweg 4, 8131 VZ Wijhe
e-mail: [email protected], website: www//cciar.orc/iwmi
P.O. Box 12, 8130 AA Wijhe, Netherlands
j
tel. 31-570522525, fax 31-570523618,
IPO
c/o Provincie Gelderland, P.O. Box 9090, 6800 GX
Arnhem, Netherlands, tel. 31-263588316
Kiwa N.V.
k
Sir Winston Churchilllaan 273, 2288 EA Rijswijk
IRC-International Water
and Sanitation Centre
P.O. Box 70, 2280 AB Rijswijk, Netherlands
tel. 31-704144400, fax 31-704144420
P.O. Box 2869, 2601 CW Delft, Netherlands
tel. 31-152192939/42, fax 31-152190955,
Koenders Instruments B.V. Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.irc.nl/stream
Landustrie Sneek B.V.
IRMA Programme
Pieter Zeemanstraat 6, 8606 JR Sneek
(Interreg Rhine-Meuse Activities /
P.O. Box 199, 8600 AD Sneek, Netherlands
EU Subsidy Programme on Flooding)
tel. 31-515486888, fax 31-515412398,
P.O. Box 30940, 2500 GX Den Haag, Netherlands
tel. 31-703395119, fax 31-703391213,
website: www.landustrie.nl
l
IUCN - The World Conservation Union
Larenstein University for
Professional Education
Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
Larensteinselaan 26a, 6882 CT Velp
tel. 41-229990001, fax 41-229990002,
P.O. Box 9001, 6880 GB Velp, Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected], website: iucn.org
tel. 31-263695695, fax 31-263615287,
For The Netherlands:
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.larenstein.nl
Nederlands Comité voor IUCN
Plantage Middenlaan 2-8, 1018 DD Amsterdam
tel. 31-206261732, fax 31-206279349,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.nciucn.nl
224
Maunsell Environmental Management
Consultants Ltd. - Hong Kong
m
Médecins sans Frontières
Max Euweplein 40, 1017 MB Amsterdam
P.O. Box 10014, 1001 EA Amsterdam, Netherlands
tel. 31-205208700, fax 31-206205170,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.msf.org
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and
Water Management / Directorate-General
of Public Works and Water Management
(RWS) / National Institute for Inland Water
Management and Waste Treatment (RIZA)
P.O. Box 17, 8200 AA Lelystad, Netherlands
Middle East Multilateral Working Group on
Water Resources (MEMWGWR) NEA/PPR
tel. 31-320298411, fax 31-320249218
Room 5256, Department of State, 2201 C. Street N.W.,
Mott Macdonald - U.K.
tel. 1-2026474859, fax 1-2026477837,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.medrc.org.om
n
Nederlands Comité voor IUCN Netherlands
DAM/MO, Bezuidenhoutseweg 67,
Netherlands British Chamber of Commerce
-Netherlands
2594 AC Den Haag, P.O. Box 20061, 2500 EB Den Haag
tel. 31-703485192, fax 31-703486639
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience
TNO-National Geological Survey
Schoemakerstraat 97, 2628 VK Delft
Bezuidenhoutseweg 30, 2594 AV Den Haag
P.O. Box 6012, 2600 JA Delft, Netherlands
P.O. Box 20101, 2500 EC Den Haag, Netherlands
tel. 31-152697152, fax 31-152697450,
tel. 31-703798911, fax 31-703474081,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.nitg.tno.nl
Netherlands Remote Sensing Board (BCRS)
P.O. Box 5023, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
Rijnstraat 8, 2515 XP Den Haag
tel. 31-152691111, fax 31-152618962,
P.O. Box 20951, 2500 EZ Den Haag, Netherlands
tel. 31-703393939, fax 31-703391144
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the
Environment / National Institute of Public
Health and the Environment (RIVM)
P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands
tel. 31-152151728, fax 31-152151759,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.nwp.nl
P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
tel. 31-302749111, fax 31-302742971
Netwas - Kenya
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and
Water Management / Directorate-General
of Public Works and Water Management
(RWS)
Nijhuis Pompen B.V.
Johan de Wittlaan 3, 2517 JR Den Haag
P.O. Box 20906, 2500 EX Den Haag, Netherlands
website: www.nijhuispompen.nl
Parallelweg 4, 7102 DE Winterswijk
P.O. Box 102, 7100 AC Winterswijk, Netherlands
tel. 31-543547474, fax 31-543547475,
tel. 31-703516171, fax 31-703518335
Norit Membrane Technology B.V.
P.O. Box 89, 7550 AB Hengelo, Netherlands
tel. 31-742422009, fax 31-742500509,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.norit.com
225
Norit Nederland B.V.
Pipelife Ecosystems
P.O. Box 105, 3800 AC Amersfoort, Netherlands
Hekven 2d, 4824 AE Breda, Netherlands
tel. 31-334648399, fax 31-334617429,
tel. 31-765439739, fax 31-765439411,
website: www.norit.com
Pipelife Nederland - Netherlands
NOVEM NOZ-PV
Catharijnesingel 59, 3511 GG Utrecht
Plan International
P.O. Box 8242, 3503 RE Utrecht, Netherlands
Chabham House, Christchurch Way, Woking, Surrey
tel. 31-302393493, fax 31-302316491
GU21 1JG, U.K. , tel. 44-1483755155, fax 441483756505, e-mail: [email protected],
NOVIB
website: www.plan-international.org
Mauritskade 9, 2514 HD Den Haag, Netherlands
tel. 31-703421621, fax 31-703614461,
Foster Parents Plan, Van Boshuizenstraat 12, 1083 BA
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.novib.nl
Amsterdam, P.O. Box 75454, 1070 AL Amsterdam
tel. 31-205495555, fax 31-206444065,
NUON ENW
Zaailand 106, 8911 BN Leeuwarden
website: www.fosterparentsplan.nl
P.O. Box 400, 8901 BE Leeuwarden, Netherlands
o
tel. 31-582945333, fax 31-582945000
pS-Eau - France
Onsite - U.K.
Rabobank
Gildekwartier 199, 3500 HG Utrecht
OTT Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG
P.O. Box 17100, 3500 HG Utrecht, Netherlands
Ludwigstrasse 16, 87437 Kempten
tel. 31-302163469, fax 31-302161348,
P.O. Box 21 40, 87411 Kempten, F.R.G.
website: www.rabobankgroup.com
tel. 49-8315617230, fax 49-8315617209,
website: www.ott-hydrometry.de
RIWA Vereniging van
Rivierwaterbedrijven
Einsteingebouw, Kabelweg 21, 1014 BA Amsterdam P.O.
Koenders Instruments B.V., Randstad 22-12, 1316 BX
Box 57212, 1040 BC Amsterdam, Netherlands
Almere, P.O. Box 1189, 1300 BD Almere
tel. 31-205840666, fax 31-206881641,
tel. 31-365480101, fax 31-365480102,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.riwa.org
website: www.koenders-instruments.com
ROC Oost-Nederland
Lupinestraat 9, 7552 HJ Hengelo, Netherlands
p
Perrier Vittel S.A., The Nestle
Group Water Division
tel. 31-748503200, fax 31-748503205,
TSA 40001, 20 Rue Rouget de Lisle, 92130
website: www.roc-on.nl
Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
tel. 33-141233800, fax 33-141236910,
Rotterdam - Port of Rotterdam
Galvanistraat 15, 3029 AD Rotterdam
Philippines Centre for Water and Sanitation,
The Philippines
tel. 31-102521430, fax 31-102521932,
website: www.port.rotterdam.nl
226
r
Rotterdam - Public Works Rotterdam
Galvanistraat 15, 3029 AD Rotterdam
SNV Netherlands Development
Organisation
Bezuidenhoutseweg 161, 2594 AG Den Haag, Nether-
tel. 31-104896661, fax 31-104896231,
lands, tel. 31-703440139, fax 31-703855531,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.snv.nl
website: www.gw.rotterdam.nl
Soilmoisture Equipment Corp. - U.S.A.
Rotterdam - Water Company Europoort
Zuiderparkweg 300, 3085 BW Rotterdam
Stichting Waterstad 2000
P.O. Box 59999, 3008 RA Rotterdam, Netherlands
P.O. Box 553, 2600 AN Delft, Netherlands
tel. 31-102935000, fax 31-102935010,
tel. 31-152755125, fax 31-152755055,
website: www.waterstad2000.nl
s
Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd.
nagar, Gujarat, India
Studieframjandet/
Study Promotion Organisation
tel. 91-27122353037, fax 91-271223056
Alstromergatan 39, 112 47 Stockholm
Block No. 12, New Sachivalay Complex, 382 010 Gandhi-
P.O. Box 49013, 100 28 Stockholm, Sweden
tel. 46-854570700, fax 46-854570739,
lote 01 ED. Sede Codevasf, 4 Andar, Sgan Quadra 601,
e-mail: [email protected] website: www.sfr.se
70830-901 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
tel. 55-612241004, fax 55-612256359,
Sunir Co.
5th floor, Mozhdehi Alley 1, Somayeh St. 15875,
website: www.mma.gov.br
Tehran, Iran, tel. 98-21833907, fax 98-218822911,
SEGHERS better Technology for
Solids+Clean Energy - Belgium
Sweetwater Technology A/S
Æblegården, Naestvedvej 60, 4180 Sorø, Denmark
SEGHERS better Technology for Water
tel. 45-57638080, fax 45-57638081,
Grote Baan 63, 3150 Wespelaar, Belgium
tel. 32-16608211, fax 32-16606164,
Geert Hoek, Schevenstraat 9, 3295 VJ 's-Gravendeel
website: www.bettertechnology.com
tel. 31-786735738, e-mail: [email protected]
SEGHERSbettertechnology for Water
t
TNO - Netherlands
Cole Porterstraat 9, 2625 WP Delft
tel. 06-51352548, fax 31-152616385,
Tobin Environmental Services Ltd. - Ireland
website: www.bettertechnology.com
TU Delft - Netherlands
Severn Trent Water - U.K.
TWM Bronwater B.V.
Bredaseweg 207, 5038 NE Tilburg
SKAT - Switzerland
P.O. Box 158, 5000 AD Tilburg, Netherlands
tel. 31-135840490, fax 31-135840701,
227
u
U.M.S - F.R.G.
University of Technology, Delft
Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, P.O. Box 5, 2600 AA Delft,
UNESCO
Netherlands, tel. 31-152788213, fax 31-152781855,
1 Rue Miollis, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
tel. 33-145684006, fax 33-145675811,
website: www.tudelft.nl
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.unesco.org
v
VEWIN
Unilever - U.K.
Sir Winston Churchilllaan 273, 2288 EA Rijswijk
P.O. Box 1019, 2280 CA Rijswijk, Netherlands
Unilever N.V.
tel. 31-704144750, fax 31-704144420
Weena 455, 3013 AL Rotterdam
P.O. Box 760, 3000 DK Rotterdam, Netherlands
Vivendi Water
tel. 31-102174000, fax 31-102174798,
52 Rue d'Anjou, 75008 Paris, France
website: www.unilever.com
tel. 33-144243204, fax 33-149246920
United Nations Children Fund UNICEF
Wageningen UR
TA-26A, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017,
Costerweg 50, 6701 BH Wageningen
U.S.A., tel. 1-2128246664, fax 1-2128246480,
P.O. Box 9101, 6700 HB Wageningen, Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.unicef.org
tel. 31-317484472, fax 31-317484884,
w
United Nations Department of Economic
and Social Affairs (DESA) / Division for
Room DC-1864, 1 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY
website: www.wageningen-ur.nl
Water and Sanitation Programme Ivory Coast
10017, U.S.A., tel. 1-2129634208, fax 1-2129634340,
Water and Sanitation Programme - Indonesia
United Nations Environment Programme
UNEP
Water and Sanitation Programme - Kenya
P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya
Water and Sanitation Programme - Peru
tel. 254-2623507, fax 254-2624249,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.unep.org
Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP)
1818 H Street N.W., Washington, DC 20433, U.S.A.
UNEP/GPA Coordination Office
tel. 1-2024739785, fax 1-2025223313,
Anna Paulownastraat 1, 2518 BA Den Haag
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.wsp.org
P.O. Box 16227, 2500 BE Den Haag
tel. 31-703114462, fax 31-703456648,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.gpa.unep.org
c/o Water Environment Federation
601 Wythe Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1994, U.S.A.
United Nations University, International
Network on Water, Environment and Health
(UNU/INWEH)
tel. 1-7036842452, fax 1-7036842492,
McMaster U, JHE #A416, 1280 Main Street W.,
Waterboard Betuwe
Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
P.O. Box 25, 6660 AA Elst, Netherlands
tel. 1-9055259140, fax 1-9055294261,
tel. 31-481367136, fax 31-481367110,
website: www.inweh.unu.edu
228
Water in Rivers, Japan
c/o IDI-Japan, New Kojimachi Building, 5/3-23 Kouji-
Werkgroep Ontwikkelingstechnieken
Universiteit Twente (WOT)
Machi, Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku 102-0083, Japan
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
tel. 81-332634821, fax 81-332304030,
tel. 31-534892845, fax 31-534892671,
website: www.idi.or.jp/vision/
website: www.wot.utwente.nl
Water Research Commission South Africa
WL/ Delft Hydraulics
Rotterdamseweg 185, 2629 HD Delft
P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, Netherlands
WaterAid
tel. 31-152858585, fax 31-152858582,
Prince Consort House, 27-29 Albert Embankment,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.wldelft.nl
London SE1 7UB, U.K.
tel. 44-1717934500, fax 44-1717934545,
WL/Delft Hydraulics - Netherlands
World Bank, The
Waterleidingmaatschappij
Drenthe, N.V.
1818 H Street N.W., Washington, DC 20433, U.S.A.
Lauwers 3, 9405 BL Assen
P.O. Box 18, 9400 AA Assen, Netherlands
website: www.worldbank.org
tel. 1-2024771234, fax 1-2025223306,
tel. 31-592854500, fax 31-592854599,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.wmd.nl
World Health Organization WHO
Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland
Waterschap Regge en Dinkel
tel. 41-227913537, fax 41-227914159,
Kooikersweg 1, 7609 PZ Almelo, Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.who.org
tel. 31-546832525, fax 31-546821176,
World Meteorological Organization
Avenue de la Paix 7bis, 1211 Genève
Unie van Waterschappen / Association of
Water Boards,
P.O. Box 2300, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
Johan van Oldenbarneveltlaan 5,
2582 NE Den Haag
website: www.wmo.ch/homs/hwr-home.html
tel. 41-227308111, fax 41-227308043,
P.O. Box 80200, 2508 GE Den Haag, Netherlands
tel. 31-703519751, fax 31-703544642,
WWF
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.uvw.nl
Boulevard 12, 3707 BM Zeist
P.O. Box 7, 3700 AA Zeist, Netherlands
Wavin B.V. - Netherlands
tel. 31-306937333, fax 31-306912064
Wavin KLS
X-Flow B.V.
J.C. Kellerlaan 8, 7772 SG Hardenberg
P.O. Box 141, 7670 AC Vriezenveen, Netherlands
P.O. Box 5, 7770 AA Hardenberg, Netherlands
tel. 31-546581800, fax 31-546581818,
tel. 31-523288165, fax 31-523288546,
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.norit.com
x
e-mail: [email protected], website: www.wavin.nl
Wavin Overseas - Netherlands
229
Glossary
For the convenience of readers a glossary of some of the main terms used in the Final
Report, Vision process and World Water Forum organisation is included below.
World Water Council
the Global Think Tank/NGO created in 1995 to draw
attention to global and regional water issues. Head
Office in Marseille.
First World Water Forum
first conference organised by the World Water
Council in Marrakech in 1997 to discuss water issues.
This first World Water Forum laid down the basis for
the World Water Vision.
Second World Water Forum
the second conference organised by the World Water
Council together with the Government of the Netherlands to present and discuss the World Water Vision
in The Hague.
Third World Water Forum
the next World Water Forum to be organised by the
World Water Council with the help of the Government of Japan in 2003.
World Water Vision
a strategy for water for the 21st century. An exercise
carried out and managed by the World Water Vision
Unit created by the World Water Council. With assistance from many donors, it accomplished the huge
task of consulting many thousands of stakeholders
and writing – under the guidance of the World Water
Commission – the World Water Vision.
World Water Commission
a Commission created by the World Water Council
consisting of distinguished world leaders in the field of
water, technology and environment and chaired by
Ismael Serageldin. It served as steering committee for
the World Water Vision process. The official title of
the Commission is ‘World Commission for Water in
the 21st Century’.
a management unit created by the World Water
Council and hosted by UNESCO in Paris. It was
assigned the task of developing the World Water
Vision.
an international initiative of several leading organisations to combine efforts and progress international
and regional cooperation on water issues. The Partner
ship is hosted by SIDA in Stockholm, Sweden.
Framework for Action
a project initiated and managed by the Global Water
Partnership to design (an approach to) follow-up of
the strategy outlined in the World Water Vision,
hence the title of the Second World Water Forum,
‘From Vision to Action’. The Framework for Action was
presented during the second World Water Forum.
World Water Fair
a one time initiative of the Dutch Government to
invite private sector and stakeholder organisations to
demonstrate concrete examples of solutions to the
world’s water issues. The Fair was held parallel to the
second World Water Forum.
Director is Bill Cosgrove and Deputy Director
Frank Rijsberman.
World Commission on Water for the 21st century
see World Water Commission.
a conference organised by the Dutch Government
during the last two days of the second World Water
Forum in order to involve politicians in the issues
brought up by the World Water Vision.
the statement adopted by the Ministerial Conference
on water security in the 21st century.
World Water Day
UN Day for Water, the last day of the second World
Water Forum, 22rd of March 2000.
The Future Vessel
a workshop by children from many countries targeting
fundamental water issues. 300 children from around
the world built an imaginative vessel on the stage of
the main auditorium of the conference centre.
King Hassan II World Water Memorial Prize
a prize proposed by the World Water Council to be
given every three years by the King of Marocco to
outstanding individuals in solving water issues.
230
The Forum in Figures
figures on participation
Total number of participants
5802
Top 25
Number of Participants excl. Journalists:
5133
1
The Netherlands
156
2
USA
280
3
France
230
Number of Countries:
Participation per Continent:
1941
Americas
574
4
United Kingdom
198
Africa
574
5
India
134
Australia/Oceania
27
6
Germany
752
7
Switzerland
74
Europe
1222
8
Japan
72
The Netherlands
1984
9
Sweden
70
Asia
75
Participants Ministerial Conference
853
10 China
Number of CouZes at Ministerial Conference:
149
11 Belgium
60
12 South Africa
56
400
13 Canada
54
369
14 Bangladesh
48
15 Sri Lanka
43
Number of Organisations at Ministerial Conference:
Sponsored Participants:
Youth Participants:
Visits to the World Water Fair:
31
32.500
Female/Male
28%
Female
67
16 Uganda
43
17 Nepal
37
18 Pakistan
36
19 Brazil
36
20 Philippines
35
21 Norway
34
22 Mexico
33
23 Egypt
33
24 Turkey
31
25 Spain
31
72%
Male
figures on finances
Total Forum Budget 7 million US$
Income (in million US$)
Expenses (in million US$)
0,3
Cultural Events
0,9
Ministerial
Conference
1,8
Participants
1,2
4,0
1,2
Sponsors
Dutch
Government
Participants
Care
3,7
Forum
0,9
World
Water
Fair
231
Organising an event such as the Second World
Water Forum is obviously an ambitious undertaking. In 1998 Bert Diphoorn, initiator of
bringing the Forum to The Netherlands, established a project secretariat with the assistance
of the five participating Dutch Ministries. Thijs
van Praag, Executive Director and Marcel van
den Heuvel joined the Secretariat in early 1999.
Hans van Zijst took on the responsibility of
organising the Ministerial Conference.
An International Steering Committee, headed
by the President of the World Water Council
Dr. Abu-Zeid, and a National Steering
Committee, headed by Mr. Koos Richelle, the
Director General for Development Cooperation of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign
Affairs,oversaw the daily operations of the
Project Secretariat. As the final date of the
Forum approached, more and more people
became involved in organising the event. The
Project Secretariat, however, was the epicenter
of all activity before, during and even now, after
the Forum.
One of the major goals of the Forum, from the
outset, has been to generate publicity about the
water crisis and raise awareness about the
232
problem's urgency. The Forum has been
immensely successful in this area. Six hundred
journalists, including about 100 from developing
countries, attended the Forum and generated
approximately 10,000 articles worldwide.
The Project Secretariat compiled seven large
volumes of press clippings for The Netherlands
alone! Three public announcements were
broadcast worldwide in the months preceding
and during the Forum,and daily satellite feeds
were distributed to the major networks
worldwide throughout the event. While the
Project Secretariat will remain operational for a
limited time, the www.worldwaterforum.net
website will be the major communication
platform in the future. The organisers will share
their combined experience with the organisers
of the Third World Water Forum, to be held in
Japan in 2003.
World Water Council's Second World Water Forum*
World Water Council
Conseil mondial de l’eau
For more information on the Forum, the Fair and its follow up activities
www.worldwaterforum.net
Water Management Unit
C/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs
POB 20061
2500 EB The Hague
The Netherlands
Tel. 31.70.348.54.02
Fax 31.70.348.67.92
E-mail: [email protected]
Design and lay out
b.ont | Annelies Glandorf | The Hague
Photography
Reinout van den Bergh | FAO | Floris Andrea | Robert Goddyn
Print
Opmeer | The Hague
© DML/PS/July 2000
* Official title of the Forum
www.worldwaterforum.net
second

Final Report

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