conference booklet

Transcription

conference booklet

II International Conference on
Applications of Optics and Photonics
26-30 May 2014 | Aveiro, Portugal
CONFERENCE
BOOKLET
2nd International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics.
Conference Booklet
ISBN: 978-989-98032-6-8
Editors: Manuel F. M. Costa & Rogério Nogueira
Sociedade Portuguesa para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Óptica e Fotónica
2nd International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics, AOP 2014
May 26 to 30, 2014
Hotel Mélia Ria, Aveiro, Portugal
Conference General Chair
Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa (University of Minho, Portugal)
Conference Chair
Rogério Nunes Nogueira (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
ORGANIZATION
Sociedade Portuguesa para a
Investigação e Desenvolvimento
em Óptica e Fotónica
http://www.optica.pt/
http://www.it.pt/
[email protected]
http://www.spie.org/
ICO Cosponsored Meeting
http://www.ico-optics.org
SILVER SPONSORS
Turning light into enlightenment
Improved safety, security and wellbeing for people through technology,
innovation and earnest customer care
http://www.micronoptics.com/
All you need for your lasers applications
http://www.innovasci.com/
Leader in solid-state lasers
http://www.quantel-laser.com/
BRONZE SPONSORS
http://www.mtbrandao.com/
http://www.spectra-physics.com//
SPONSORS & ENDORSMENTS
Welcome note
Upon the success of the first edition in 2011, the Portuguese Society for Research and
Development of Optics and Photonics (SPOF) with the support of the Instituto de
Telecomunicações (IT) have the privilege to organize the second International Conference on
Applications of Optics and Photonics, AOP2014, in Aveiro. This initiative aims the promotion of the
development of Optics and Photonics, in general and particularly in Portugal.
In an open friendly environment, this forum is an excellent opportunity to foster the establishment of
the widest range of cooperation projects and relationships with colleagues and institutions from all
around the world while promoting Optics and Photonics and its impact in the development of our
societies. The exhibit area apart from the display of scientific and technical equipment, hosts boots
of research labs and industries in order to promote and facilitate the setting-up of future
new collaborations.
The conference also hosts the Symposium on Enabling Optical Networks and Sensors (SEONS),
allowing four dedicated sessions in the field of optical networks and sensors.
The organizing committee are grateful for the endorsement support, active participation, and
leadership of the most important international scientific optics societies including ICO, SPIE, OSA,
EOS, Photonics’21 and RIAO, and several national societies, committees, and boards including
SEDOPTICA, AMO, CTOM, STO, OPSS, CVO, SPF, and the contributions of an excellent number
of authors and co-authors from the five continents.
AOP2014 is also about networking, therefore we have prepared an intense social program, which
we hope you will enjoy.
The conference chairs,
Manuel Filipe P. C. Martins Costa
Rogério Nunes Nogueira
CONTENTS
Committees ............................................................................................................ 1
Program Overview.................................................................................................. 3
Program.................................................................................................................. 5
Program & Abstracts ............................................................................................ 19
MONDAY 26 MAY .................................................................................................................... 19
Opening Ceremony ...................................................................................................................... 19
Plenary Session I ......................................................................................................................... 19
Session Mo.1.a ............................................................................................................................. 20
Session Mo.1.b ............................................................................................................................. 21
Session Mo.2.a ............................................................................................................................. 23
Session Mo.2.b ............................................................................................................................. 24
Poster Session Mo.P .................................................................................................................... 26
TUESDAY 27 MAY ................................................................................................................... 32
Plenary Session II ........................................................................................................................ 32
Session Tu.1.a.............................................................................................................................. 33
Session Tu.1.b.............................................................................................................................. 34
Session Tu.2.a.............................................................................................................................. 35
Session Tu.2.b.............................................................................................................................. 37
Session Tu.2.c .............................................................................................................................. 38
Plenary Session III ....................................................................................................................... 39
Session Tu.3.a.............................................................................................................................. 40
Session Tu.3.b.............................................................................................................................. 41
Session Tu.4.a.............................................................................................................................. 43
Session Tu.4.b.............................................................................................................................. 44
Posters Session Tu.P ................................................................................................................... 45
WEDNESDAY 28 MAY ............................................................................................................ 53
Plenary Session IV ....................................................................................................................... 53
Session We.1 ............................................................................................................................... 54
Session SEONS I ......................................................................................................................... 55
Session We.2.a ............................................................................................................................ 56
Session SEONS II ........................................................................................................................ 57
Session We.2.b ............................................................................................................................ 58
Tutorial .......................................................................................................................................... 60
Short Course ................................................................................................................................ 60
Session SEONS III ....................................................................................................................... 61
Session We.3 ............................................................................................................................... 62
Session SEONS IV ....................................................................................................................... 63
Session We.4 ............................................................................................................................... 64
Poster Session We.P.................................................................................................................... 65
THURSDAY 29 MAY ................................................................................................................ 73
OSA Student Chapter Session ..................................................................................................... 73
Session Th.1.a .............................................................................................................................. 74
Session Th.1.b .............................................................................................................................. 75
Session Th.1.c .............................................................................................................................. 77
Plenary Session V ........................................................................................................................ 78
Session Th.2.a .............................................................................................................................. 79
Session Th.2.b .............................................................................................................................. 80
SPOF General Assembly ............................................................................................................. 81
Poster Session Th.P ..................................................................................................................... 81
FRIDAY 30 MAY ....................................................................................................................... 90
Plenary Session VI ....................................................................................................................... 90
Session Fr.1.a .............................................................................................................................. 90
Session Fr.1.b .............................................................................................................................. 92
Closing Session ............................................................................................................................ 93
COMMITTEES
Conference General Chair
Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa (University of Minho, Portugal)
Conference Chair
Rogério Nunes Nogueira (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Technical Chairs:
António Baptista (University of Minho, Portugal)
Gonçalo Figueira (Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal)
José Figueiredo (University of Algarve, Portugal)
Lúcia Bilro (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Orlando Frazão (INESC, Porto, Portugal)
Scientific Committee
Amparo PonsMartí (University of Valencia, Spain)
Ana Consortini (University of Florence, Italy)
Anand Krishna Asundi (OPSS, Singapore)
Andrea Cusano (University of Sannio, Italy)
Andrew Moore (Herriot-Watt University, Scotland)
Andrés Márquez Ruiz (Universidade de Alicante,
Spain)
Angel Augier Calderin (INSTEC, Cuba)
Angel I. Negueruela (University of Zaragosa, Spain)
Angela M. Guzman (CREOL, USA)
Asticio Vargas (CEFOP, Chile) Clementina Timus
(INFLR, Romania)
Carlos Ferreira (SEDOPTICA, Spain)
Clementina Timus (INFLR, Romania)
Cristiano M. B. Cordeiro (University of Campinas,
Brazil)
Daniel Malacara Hernández (CIO- Center for Optics
Research, Mexico)
Efraín Solarte Rodriguez (RCO, Colombia)
Eric Rosas (CIO, Mexico)
Eugene Arthurs (SPIE, USA)
Gonçalo Figueira (University Nova de Lisboa,
Portugal)
Guillermo Baldwin (University Pontificia Catholic
University of Peru)
Hai-Ning Cui (University of Nanjin, China)
Hector Rabal (CIOP- Center for Optics Research,
Argentina)
Humberto Michinel (University of Vigo, Spain)
Hypolito Kalinowski (UTFPR, Brazil)
James Wyant (University of Arizona, USA)
Joaquín Campos Acosta (Instituto de Óptica, CSIC,
& SEDOPTICA, Spain)
João Lemos Pinto (I3N, Aveiro, Portugal)
João Manuel Tavares (University of Porto, Portugal)
John Canning (University of Sydney, Australia)
Jose Benito Vazquez-Dorrio (University of Vigo,
Spain)
José Figueiredo (University of Algarve, Portugal)
José Luis Paz (CTOV, Venezuela)
José Ramiro Fernandes (UTAD, Portugal)
José R. Salcedo (Portugal)
José Silva Gomes (University of Porto, Portugal)
José Manuel de Nunes Vicente Rebordão (New
University of Lisbon, Portugal)
Juan G. Darias Gonzalez (CEADEN, Cuba)
Luciano Alberto ANGEL-TORO (RCO, Colombia)
Luis Miguel Bernardo (University of Porto, Portugal)
Luis Roso (Centro de Láseres Pulsados Ultracortos
Ultraintensos, Spain)
Katrina Svanberg (University of Lund, sweden)
Kiyofumi Matsuda (AIST, Tsukuba, Japan)
Kim Chew Ng (Monash University, Australia)
Manuel Lopez-Amo (Public University of Navarra,
Spain)
Manuel Melgosa Latorre (University of Granada,
Spain)
Marcelo Trivi (National University of Mar del Plata,
Argentina)
Maria Josefa Yzuel (Autonomous University of
Barcelona, Spain)
Maria Luisa Calvo (ICO, Spain)
Maria Sagrario Millan (Polytechnical University of
Catalonia, Spain)
Mário Vaz (INEGI, Porto, Portugal)
Maité Flores-Arias (University of Santiago de
Compostela, Spain)
Marta Ramos (University of Minho, Portugal)
Maxim Tomilin (University of S. Petersburg, Russia)
Miguel Gonzalez Herraez (University of Alcalá,
Spain)
Mikiya Muramatsu (University of S. Paulo, Brazil)
Mikhail Vasilevski (University of Minho, Portugal)
Mourad Zghal (STO, Tunisia)
Mustafa Erol (Bozok University, Turkey)
Pablo Artal (University of Murcia, Spain)
Paulo Tavares (University of Porto, Portugal)
Pedro Andrés RIAO, University of Valencia, Spain)
1
Radu Chisleag (Technical University of Bucharest,
Romania)
Ramón Rodríguez-Vera (CIO, Mexico)
Raul Rangel (AMO, CICESE, Mexico)
Rastogi Pramod (EPFL, Switzerland)
Roger Ferlet (University of Paris, France)
Salvador Bará (University of Santiago de
Compostela, Spain)
Tomas Catunda (University of S. Paulo, S. Carlos,
Brazil)
Sabry Abdel-Mottaleb (Ain-Shams University,
Egypt)
Sun Tong (City University, UK)
Toyohiko Yatagai (SPIE Vice President, Japan)
Waclaw Urbanczyk (Wroclaw University of
Technology, Poland)
Zuqing Zhu (University of Science and Technology
of China, China)
Program Committee
Alexandre Cabral (Portugal)
Alicia Fernandéz Oliveras (Spain)
Amit Garg (India)
Anand Krishna Asundi (Singapore)
Angel Augier Calderin (Cuba)
Angela M. Guzman (USA)
Ana Maria Rocha (Portugal)
Antonio Batista (Portugal)
Clementina Timus (Romania)
Efraín Solarte Rodriguez (Colombia)
Eric Rosas (Mexico)
Gonçalo Figueira (Portugal)
Hai-Ning Cui (China)
Humberto Michinel (Spain)
Ireneu Dias (Portugal)
João M. P. Coelho (Portugal)
João Manuel Tavares (Portugal)
Joaquim Carneiro (Portugal)
Jose Benito Vazquez-Dorrio (Spain)
José Figueiredo (Portugal)
José Luis Paz (Venezuela)
José Luís Santos (Portugal)
José Manuel Baptista (Portugal)
José R. Salcedo (Portugal)
José Silva Gomes (Portugal)
Lúcia Bilro (Portugal)
Luis Miguel Bernardo (Portugal)
Kim Chew Ng (Australia)
Manuel Filipe P. C. M. Costa (Portugal)
Manuel Joaquim Marques (Portugal)
Mário Lima (Portugal)
Naoya Wada (Japan)
Nélia Alberto (Portugal)
Orlando Frazão (Portugal)
Rogério Nunes Nogueira (Portugal)
Organizing Committee
Vice-chairs
Ana Maria Rocha (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Nélia Alberto (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Members
Álvaro Almeida (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
André Albuquerque (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Gil Fernandes (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro,Portugal)
Telmo Almeida (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Vanessa Cunha Duarte (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Organizers of the Special session
Enabling Optical Networks and Sensors (SEONS)
António Teixeira (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Henrique Salgado (FEUP, INESC TEC, Porto Portugal)
José Luis Santos (FCUP, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal)
Mário Lima (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
Orlando Frazão (INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal)
Paulo Marques (FCUP, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal)
Rogério Nogueira (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal)
2
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
3
4
PROGRAM
Monday, 26 May
10:30 - 11:00
Opening Ceremony
Room S. Pedro II
11:00 - 12:30
Plenary session I
Room S. Pedro II
Chairs: Manuel F. M. Costa, University of Minho, and Rogério Nogueira, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
Vector wave holography and optical mass storage
Toyohiko Yatagai
Utsunomiya University (Japan)
The capacity crunch and perspectives on space-division multiplexing technologies
Yoshinari Awaji
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (Japan)
12:30 - 14:00
Lunch break
14:00 - 15:30
Parallel sessions
Mo1.a  Room S. Pedro II
Mo1.b  Room S. João
Chair: Moisés Ribeiro, Universidade Federal do Espírito
Santo (Brazil)
Chair: Alexander Pyatenko, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)
Multi-carrier transmitters in next generation access
networks (Invited)
Prince M. Anandarajah, R. Zhou, V. Vujicic,
D. G. Pascual, L. P. Barry
Dublin City University (Ireland)
Laser
induced
fluorescence
technique
for
environmental applications
Andrei B. Utkin, R. Felizardo, C. Gameiro, P. Cartaxana,
A. R. Matos
INOV - INESC Inovação and ICEMS, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon (Portugal)
Photonic integrated transmitter and receiver for NGPON2
Ana M. Tavares, A. Lopes, C. Rodrigues, P. Mão Cheia,
T. Mendes, S. Brandão, F. Rodrigues, R. Ferreira,
A. Teixeira
Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
Investigation of the humidity sensitivity
acrylamide-based photopolymer containing
phenylglycine as a photoinitiator
Tatsiana Mikulchyk, S. Martin, I. Naydenova
Dublin Institute of Technology (Ireland)
Neuromorphic opto-electronic integrated circuits for
optical signal processing
Bruno Romeira, J. Javaloyes, S. Balle, O. Piro, R. Avó,
J. M. Figueiredo
Universidade do Algarve (Portugal)
Diacetone
acrylamide-based
holographic
nanocomposite for sensing applications
Dervil Cody, E. Mihaylova, T. Babeva, H. Awala,
R. Retoux, S. Mintova, I. Naydenova
Calculation of the number of bits required for the
estimation of the bit error ratio
Álvaro J. Almeida, N. A. Silva, N. J. Muga, P. S. André,
A. N. Pinto
Interferometry within a resonant cavity with standing
wave detection
Josef Lazar, M. Hola, J. Hrabina, J. Oulehla, O. Cip
Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR (Czech
Republic)
of
N-
Scalable lidar technique for fire detection
Andrei B. Utkin, F. Piedade, V. Beixiga, P. Mota, P. Lousã
INOV - INESC Inovação and ICEMS, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon (Portugal)
15:30 - 16:30
Coffee break & Poster session Mo.P
5
16:30 - 18:00
Parallel sessions
Mo2.a  Room S. Pedro II
Mo2.b  Room S. João
Chair: Lúcia Bilro, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
Chair: Helder Crespo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy,
University of Porto (Portugal)
Diffusion and interface effects during preparation of
microstructured fibers (Invited)
Jens Kobelke, J. Bierlich, K. Wondraczek, C. Aichele,
Z. Pan, S. Unger, K. Schuster, H. Bartelt
Institute of Photonic Technology (Germany)
PENELOPE - a fully diode-pumped petawatt laser
system (Invited)
Daniel Albach, M. Siebold, F. Roeser, M. Loeser,
U. Schramm
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. (Germany)
Light propagation in xenon filled kagomé hollow core
photonic crystal fibers
Sílvia Rodrigues, M. M. Facão, M. F. Ferreira
Departamento de Física and I3N, Universidade de Aveiro
(Portugal)
CW 1.06-μm pumped Ytterbium-Holmium co-doped
all-fiber laser for 2.05 μm
Yuri O. Barmenkov, A. V. Kir'yanov, V. P. Minkovich
Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica AC (Mexico)
Characterization of arbitrary fiber taper profiles with
optical microscopy and image processing algorithms
H. D. Farias, R. Sebem, Aleksander S. Paterno
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brazil)
Development of a ytterbium pumped YCOB based
broadband OPCPA laser system
Hugo A. Pires, C. João, T. Imran, G. Figueira
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (Portugal)
Experimental setup for EIT characterization in hollowcore fibers
Bruno D. Tiburcio, J. Monteiro, S. G. Rodrigues,
G. M. Fernandes, M. Carvalho, M. Facão, M. G. Ferreira,
A. N. Pinto
Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro (Portugal)
Yellow light-generation by frequency doubling of
Raman-shifted all-fiber laser
Manuel Ryser, V. Romano
University of Bern, Institute of Applied Physics
(Switzerland)
Design of high-brightness TEM00-mode solarpumped laser for renewable material processing
Dawei Liang, J. Almeida
CEFITEC Physics Department, Universidade Nova de
Lisboa (Portugal)
Hybrid Yb:CaF2/Yb:YAG compact CPA laser
generating 100 mJ for pumping a broadband optical
parametric amplifier
Celso P. João, H. Pires, L. Cardoso, G. Figueira
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (Portugal)
19:30
Welcome Reception
15:30 - 16:30
Poster session
Mo.P  Room S. Tomás de Aquino
1. Tb3+ ions doped bismuth gadalonium tungstate: A green emitting phosphor for display devices
P. Krishnapuram, S. Jakka, G. M. P. F., S. M. J., V. M. A.
2. Near-field resonant energy transfer between spherical quantum dots
F. C. Peres, M. I. Vasilevskiy
3. On the electro-optical behavior of an OLED based on europium and the relationship with electrical transport
phenomena
L. R. Pereira, G. Santos, W. J. Simões
4. Wavemeter uncertainty evaluation for calibration of the external cavity diode lasers
I. Outumuro González, J. Valencia, J. Diz-Bugarin, J. Blanco, B. Vazquez-Dorrio
5. Dichroism of stretched poly vinyl alcohol (APV) foils
I. Stoica, L. Dumitrascu, I. Dumistrascu, D. O. Dorohoi
6. Spectroscopic study on laser potential of La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14:Er and La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14:Ho, Yb single
crystals
J. Komar, R. Lisiecki, W. Ryba-Romanowski, M. Berkowski
7. Photoluminescence properties of Nd3+- doped YVO4 nanophosphors synthesized by modified Pechini
method
I. Kolesnikov, D. Tolstikova, M. D. Mikhailov
8. Evaluation of spectroscopic parameters relevant to achievement of yellow-red light amplification in selected
oxide crystals doped with samarium and dysprosium
R. Lisiecki, J. Komar, W. Ryba-Romanowski, M. Berkowski
9. Reaching relativistic intensities with high temporal contrast
S. Künzel
6
10. Extended NIR emission using rare earth tri-doped barium lanthanum fluorotellurite glasses for fiber
amplifiers
M. Graça, J. Suresh, P. Krishnapuram, G. Venkataiah, M. Valente, M. Soares
11. Nanoparticle fabrication in therminol VP-1 by pulsed laser ablation in liquids in two steps
O. Torres-Mendieta, R. Mondragón, O. Mendoza-Yero, G. Minguez, J. Lancis
12. Femtosecond laser writing in silver-phosphate glasses
P. Olshin, A. Kireev, A. Povolotskiy, A. Manshina, I. Sokolov
13. Split-ring resonators manufactured on conductive layer by selective laser ablation
P. E. Koziol, A. J. Antonczak, Ł. K. Łazarek, B. D. Stepak, M. R. Wojcik, M. Walczakowski, K. M. Abramski
14. Effect of CO2 laser micromachining on physicochemical properties of poly(L-lactide)
A. J. Antonczak, B. Stepak, K. Szustakiewicz, M. Wojcik, P. E. Koziol, Ł. Łazarek, K. M. Abramski
15. Monitoring the laser cleaning of granites by means of multi spectral image analysis
A. Ramil, M. Fiorucci, A. Lopéz, T. Rivas
16. Excimer laser-induced incubation of poly(L-lactide)
B. D Stepak, A. J. Antonczak, K. Szustakiewicz, P. E. Koziol, M. R. Wójcik, Ł. Łazarek, K. M. Abramski
17. Fabrication of Fresnel microlens with contour excimer laser ablation
M. R. Wójcik, A. J. Antonczak, P. E. Koziol, Ł. K. Łazarek, B. D. Stepak, K. M. Abramski
18. Fabrication of microlens arrays on borosilicate glass using a combination of laser direct-write and thermal
reflow techniques
M. Flores-Arias, D. Nieto, M. Blanco
19. Parabolic-like refractive index profile active GRIN materials by laser zone melting method
A. I. Gómez-Varela, I. de Francisco, F. Rey-Garcia, M. Ferreira, P. André, C. Bao-Varela, M. T. Flores-Arias,
X. de la Fuente
20. The European BEACON project: "Scalable & Low-Power Microwave Photonics for Flexible, Terabit Telecom
Payloads & High-speed Coherent Inter-satellite Links"
V. C. Duarte, R. N. Nogueira, E. Kehayas, L. Stampoulidis, J. Anzalchi, M. Napierala, T. Nasilowski, R. Walker,
M. O'Keefe, L. Zimmermann
_______________________________________
Tuesday, 27 May
9:00 - 9:45
Plenary session II
Room S. Pedro II
Chair: Armando Pinto, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
Multimodal imaging with single-pixel detectors
Jesus Lancis, E. Tajahuerce, P. Andrés, V. Durán, P. Clemente
Universitat Jaume I (Spain)
9:45 - 10:45
Parallel sessions
Tu.1.a  Room S. Pedro II
Chair: Daniel
Albach,
Helmholtz-Zentrum
Rossendorf e.V. (Germany)
Tu.1.b  Room S. João
Dresden-
Chair: Rogério Dionísio, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo
Branco (Portugal)
Limits of spectral resolution in optical measurements
(Invited)
Manuel B. Marques
Universidade do Porto and INESC Porto (Portugal)
Using single photons to improve fiber optic
communication systems
Armando N. Pinto, N. A. Silva, Á. J. Almeida, N. J. Muga
University of Aveiro and Instituto de Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
Measurement of optical phase shifts using twowavelength reflectometry
Jeffrey A. Meisner
Technical University of Delft (Netherlands)
A brief review on quantum bit commitment
Álvaro J. Almeida, N. Paunkovik, R. Loura, N. A. Silva,
N. J. Muga, P. S. André, A. N. Pinto
Department of Physics, University of Aveiro and Instituto
de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
A numerical method for calculated spectral
transmittance of wavelength filter in larger band slits
António G. Ferreira Jr., R. Leone
Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (Brazil)
Generation of optical cloning, steering, and splitting
of optical beam by cross phase modulation
Onkar N. Verma, T. N. Dey
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (India)
7
Photon-pair generation in lossy waveguides
Nuno A. Silva, A. N. Pinto
University of Aveiro and Instituto de Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
10:45 – 11:15
Coffee break
11:15 - 12:30
Parallel sessions
Chair: Manuel Ryser,
Bern, (Switzerland)
University of
Chair: Prince Anandarajah, Dublin City
University (Ireland)
Chair: Angela
Dudley,
CSIR
National Laser Centre (South Africa)
High-resolution methods for the
extraction
of
multiple
displacement
components in
holographic moiré (Invited)
Pramod Rastogi, A. Patil
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de
Lausanne (Switzerland)
Design of opto-electro-mechanical
frequency tuning mechanisms for
WDM filterbanks in SOI platforms
(Invited)
H. Shoman, Marcus S. Dahlem
Masdar Institute of Science &
Technology (United Arab Emirates)
Solid-state
lighting
Mexican
regulation: A technical overview
(Invited)
Eric Rosas
Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica
AC (Mexico)
A technique for reconstruction of
the map of continuous curves
from interference fringes
Paulius Palevicius, M. Ragulskis
Kaunas University of Technology
(Lithuania)
Investigation
of
PPSLT
waveguides for applications in
optical communication systems
André Albuquerque, B. J. Puttnam,
J. Hirohashi,
M. V. Drummond,
S. Shinada, R.N. Nogueira, N. Wada
Instituto
de
Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
Pulsed laser deposition of Cu/Zn
coatings through a mobile prisms
set-up
Ferran Cambronero, F. Rey-García,
C. Bao-Varela, R. Lahoz, L. Angurel,
L. Estepa, G. F. de la Fuente
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de
Aragón and Universidade de
Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Advanced optical modulation and
format conversion
Rogério P. Dionísio, A. Teixeira,
R. N. Nogueira
Instituto de Telecomunicações and
Instituto Politécnico de Castelo
Branco (Portugal)
High-power,
high-brightness
solar
laser
approach
for
renewable Mg recovery from MgO
Joana Almeida, D. Liang
CEFITEC Physics Department,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa
(Portugal)
Use of laser speckle and entropy
computation to segment images
of
diffuse
objects
with
longitudinal motion
Pedro G. Vaz, T. Pereira, D. Capela,
L. Requicha, C. Correia, A.HumeauHeuertier, J. Cardoso
University of Coimbra (Portugal)
Analysis of miscalibration errors
M. Miranda, Benito Vázquez
University of Vigo (Spain)
All-optical
modulation
format
conversion from OOK to DPQPSK based on fiber nonlinearity
Vanessa Duarte, M. V. Drummond,
R. N. Nogueira
Instituto
de
Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
12:30 - 14:00
Lunch break
14:00 - 14:45
Plenary session III
Room S. Pedro II
Chair: António Baptista, Universidade do Minho (Portugal)
Imaging in the eye: Applications to restoring its focusing ability
Susana Marcos
Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain)
8
Tu.2.c  Room S. Pedro III
14:45 - 16:00
Parallel sessions
Chair: Helder Bertolo, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de
Coimbra (Portugal)
Chair: Peter Andrekson, Chalmers University of Technology
(Sweden)
Prevalence of ametropia in subjects with intellectual
disabilities (Invited)
António M. Baptista, F. A. Oliveira, A. F. Macedo,
P. M. Serra
Universidade do Minho (Portugal)
What can you do with optics and photonics in data
centers? (Invited)
Moisés R. Ribeiro, G. Vassoler
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil)
Performance investigation of energy efficient
modulation formats for multi-core fibers
Benjamin J. Puttnam, R. S. Luis, J. Delgado-Mendinueta,
J. Sakaguchi, W. Klaus, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, T. Erikssson,
E. Agrell, P. Andrekson, M. Karlsson
National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology (Japan)
Construction and validation of a Shack-Hartmann
type aberrometer
Luis V. González, J. Ramriez Zavaleta, E. López
Olazagasti, S. Balderas Mata, E. Tepichín Rodríguez
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica
(Mexico)
Personalized pseudophakic model
Filomena Ribeiro, A. Castanheira-Dinis, J. M. Dias
Hospital da Luz, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão
Nuclear Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior Técnico
(Portugal)
Optimal launch power prediction of a 100G PMDQPSK dispersion-managed link with the gaussian
noise model
Telmo P. Almeida, M. V. Drummond, N. B. Pavlovic,
P. S. André, R. N. Nogueira
An automated tool for tear film distribution maps
Beatriz Remeseiro, M. G. Penedo, C. García-Resúa,
E. Yebra-Pimentel
University of A Coruña (Spain)
Analysis and simulation of ring resonators for slow
and fast light devices applications
Hamidreza Khashei, H. Kaatuzian
Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic of
Tehran) (Islamic Republic of Iran)
Detection of spontaneoeus eye-gestural reaction
during an audiometric evaluation
Alba Fernández, M. G. Penedo, J. Doncel, C. Vázquez,
L. M. Gigirey
Universidad da Coruña (Spain)
16:00 - 17:00
Coffee break & Poster session Tu.P
17:00 - 18:00
Parallel sessions
Chair: Paulo Fiadeiro, Universidade da
(Portugal)
Beira Interior
Chair: Aleksander S. Paterno, Universidade Federal de
Santa Catarina (Brazil)
Visual imagery without perception? Lessons from
blind subjects (Invited)
Helder Bertolo
ISEC (Portugal)
Optical glass fiber tips for photonic micro-sensor
systems (Invited)
Jörg Bierlich, M. S. Silva, M. Becker, K. Schuster, S.
Unger, J. Kobelke, J. L. Santos, O. Frazão
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Germany)
Computerized tool for an automatic break-up
assessment
Lucía Ramos, N. Barreira, J. Molinelli, H. Pena-Verdeal,
M. Giráldez
Label free biosensors based on long period gratings
coated with sol-gel high refractive index overlays
Raquel B. Queirós, C. Gouveia, S. Jana, P. Biwas, S.
Berad, S. Badyopadhyay
INESC TEC (Portugal)
Exposure time and illuminance effect on photostress
recovery time
Raul A. Sousa, A. C. Silva, V. Fermandes, J. Arroyo,
A. F. Macedo, A. M. Baptista
Computerized tool for automatic retinal
identification in OCT images
Ana Gonzalez, M. Ortega, J. M. Barja, P. Charlón
Plastic optical fibre sensor for Madeira wine
monitoring
Catarina Novo, L. Bilro, N. Alberto, P. Antunes, R.
Nogueira, J. Lemos Pinto
I3N & Department of Physics of Aveiro University
(Portugal)
layer
9
18:30
Moliceiro Trip
16:00 - 17:00
Poster session
Tu.P  Room S. Tomás de Aquino
1. Parametric impairments analysis of all-optical format conversion techniques with a MZI-SOA
R. P. Dionísio, R. N. Nogueira, A. J. Teixeira
2. Free space optical communications for ultra high capacity PON systems
A. Shahpari, R. Ferreira, G. Parca, A. Abdalla, M. Lima, A. Teixeira
3.
Controlled multi-filamentation in fused silica with a spatial light modulator
J. P. Vizcaíno, R. Borrego-Varillas, O. Mendoza-Yero, G. Minguez-Vega, J. R. Vazquez de Aldana, J. Láncis
4. Ultrashort pulse characterization based on fiber-FROG
E. A. Wright, M. Facão, G. M. Fernandes, A. N. Pinto
5. Power transfer on multicore fibers with long-period gratings
A. M. Rocha, R. N. Nogueira, M. Facão
6. Fiber-optic components for optical communications and sensing
C. A. Marques
7. Conversion gain improvement of HBT-optoelectronic mixers using structural design alteration of device
E. R. Pashaki, H. Kaatuzian, H. Ghodsi
8. Towards a simple, low-cost, do-it-yourself functional NIRS platform
A. R. Queirós, J. L. Ferreira, H. A. Ferreira
9. Real-time upper-body human pose estimation from depth data using Kalman filter for simulator
Dongjin Lee
10. Optimum eye aberration estimators
S. Bará, E. Pailos, S. Arines
11. Optics activity for hospitalized children
A. Gargallo Fernandez, A. I. Gómez-Varela, H. González-Nuñez, T. Delgado García, C. Almaguer, F. Cambronero,
Á. García-Sánchez, M. Flores-Arias
12. Contact lenses fitting teaching: Learning improvement with monitor visualization of webcam video
recordings
A. Gargallo Fernandez, J. Arines
13. Point diffraction interferometry of spherical fish lenses: Changes in aberrations with lens position
A. Gargallo Fernandez, J. Arines, E. Acosta
14. Hartmann-shack synthetic aperture wavefront sensor (HS-SAWS): Performance dependence on monolithic
microlens array arrangement
J. Arines, S. Bará, E. Pailos
15. Automatic walking guide system for the blind
H. Yoon, J. Kim, M. Chung
16. Hyphenated GC-FTIR and GC-MS tecniques applied in the analyses of bioactive compounds
S. Gosav, N. Paduraru, M. Praisler
17. FEM simulation and experimental determination of the temperature profile of nanoparticles excited by laser
radiation
N. Rodrigues, J. M. Coelho, C. Rosa
18. Surface modification induced by UV nanosecond Nd:YVO4 laser structuring on biometals
M. Fiorucci, A. López, A. Ramil
19. Structural and vibrational characterization of novel flavavones
S. Gosav, D. Maftei,N. Paduraru, M. Birsa, M. Praisler
20. Laser induced heating of PMMA microspheres for remote drug release – a FEM simulation model
H. Vilhena, J. M. Coelho, J. M. Rebordão
21. Reflection of light: A teaching and learning experience with primary school children
M. F. Costa, C. Abreu, P. Varela
22. Why do shadows change length? An IBSE approach with primary school children
M. F. Costa, P. Varela, S. Noversa
_______________________________________
10
Wednesday, 28 May
9:00 - 9:45
Plenary session IV
Room S. Pedro II
Chair: Yoshinari Awaji, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan
Fiber-optic parametric amplifiers: Characteristics and applications
Peter Andrekson
Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden)
9:45 - 10:45
Parallel sessions
We.1  Room S. Pedro II
SEONS I  Room S. João
Chair: Manuel P. Graça, Aveiro University (Portugal)
Chair: Orlando Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal)
Collective effects in absorption and emission of light
in ensembles of nanocrystal quantum dot (Invited)
Mikhail Vasilevskiy
Investigation of plasmonic luminescent down shifting
layers for the enhancement of solar cell efficiency
Hind Ahmed, J. Doran, S. McCormack
Intermolecular interactions in ternary solutions of
some 1,2,4-Triazolium ylids studied by spectral
means
Valentina Closca, N. Puica Melniciuc, M. L. Ivan,
D. O. Dorohoi, A. C. Benchea,
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (Romania)
Sensors based on recycled optical fibers destroyed
by the catastrophic fuse effect (Invited)
Paulo S. Brito André, P. Antunes, F. Domingues,
N. Alberto, A. R. Frias, M. R. Ferreira
Universidade
de
Lisboa
and
Instituto
de
Telecomunicações (Portugal)
Optical sensing: Fiber structures and interrogation
techniques
Joel Carvalho
INESC TEC (Portugal)
Slab waveguide sensors using anisotropic negative
index materials
Sofyan A. Taya
Islamic University of Gaza (Palestinian Territory,
Occupied)
10:45 – 11:15
Coffee break
11:15 - 12:30
Parallel sessions
We.2.a  Room S. Pedro II
SEONS II  Room S. João
We.2.b  Room S. Pedro III
Chair: Manuel Marques, Universidade
do Porto (Portugal)
Chair: José Luis Santos, Universidade
do Porto (Portugal)
Chair: Mikhail Vasilevskiy,
Light pollution: Why should we
care? (Invited)
Salvador
Bará,
M.
Nievas,
A. Sánchez de Miguel, J. Zamorano
Universidad
de
Santiago
de
Compostela (Spain)
Optical
fiber
sensors
for
refractive index measurement
(Invited)
Susana Silva, O. Frazão
INESC Porto (Portugal)
Study of repeatability of an optical
laser system for characterization
of the paper fiber distribution and
mass density
António
de
Oliveira
Mendes,
P. Fiadeiro, A. Costa, M. Amaral,
M. Belgacem
Universidade da Beira Interior
(Portugal)
A new method to determining the
optical rotatory dispersion (ORD)
Dana O. Dorohoi, D. D. Dimitriu,
I. Cosutchi
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
(Romania)
Optical
fiber
sensors
for
monitoring
CO2
in
carbon
sequestration applications
Luis B. Melo, G. Burton, S. Warwick,
P. Wild
University of Victoria (Canada)
Colorimetric
dCO2
sensor
interrogated with a frequency
modulated
dual-wavelength
system
Carlos
de
Jesus
Gouveia,
K. Balogh, R. Queirós, B. Kovacs,
P. A. Jorge
11
Intense few-cycle mid-IR sources
and
their
application
in
attoscience (Invited)
Michael Hëmmert
ICFO-The Institute of Photonic
Sciences (Spain)
Raman studies of tungsten
yttrium tellurite glasses as high
and broad gain media
Manuel Graça, P. Prezas, J. Suresh,
M. Soares
Aveiro University (Portugal)
Ultrafast demagnetization and
precessional
dynamics
in
magnetic thin films using a new
pump-probe system in the sub-10
femtosecond range
Ana S. Silva, C. S. Gonçalves,
D. Navas, H. Crespo, D. S. Schmool
IFIMUP-IN, Faculty of Sciences,
Top
lateral
refraction
and
reflection of polarized light in
lenses
Lázaro M. Díaz
CEADEN (Cuba)
Remote sensing of atmospheric
carbon dioxide with a random
modulated CW lidar based on
monolithic
master-oscillator
power
José
G.
Tijero,
I. Esquivias,
A.Consoli, M. Quatrevalet, G. Ehret,
X. Ai,
J. Rarity,
M. Krakowski,
M. Faugeron, J. Barbero, D. Lopez
CEMDATIC - University Politecnica
de Madrid (Spain)
A versatile fluorescence lifetime
imaging system for scanning
large areas with high time and
spatial resolution
Cesar
Bernardo,
M. Belsley,
E. Gomes, H. Gonçalves, D. Isakov,
F. Liebold, E. Pereira, V. Pires,
A. Samantilleke,
M. Vasilevskiy,
P. Schellenberg
Centro de Física, Universidade do
Minho (Portugal)
12:30 - 14:00
Lunch break
14:00 - 14:45
Tutorial
Room S. Pedro II
Fiber optic biomedical sensors: Principles, trends & applications (Invited)
Alexis Mendez
MCH Engineering LLC (USA)
14:45 - 16:00
Parallel sessions
14:45 - 18:00
Short course
SEONS III  Room S. Pedro II
Chair: Mário
Lima,
Instituto
We.3  Room S. João
de
Chair: Paulo André, Universidade de
Lisboa (Portugal)
High-performance imaging using
digital and analogue photonic
technologies (Invited)
Tetsuya
Kawanishi,
A. Kanno,
P. Dat, T. Umezawa
National Institute of Information and
Communications
Technology
(Japan)
Theoretical background of pulsed
laser melting in liquid for
submicron
spherical
particle
fabrication (Invited)
Alexander Pyatenko
National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology
(Japan)
100 Gbit/s W-Band OFDM-RoF
systems
employing
optical
up-conversion strategies
Maria R. Medeiros, V. Lopes,
P. Laurêncio
Instituto
de
Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
Laser-induced
breakdown
spectroscopy (LIBS) technique
for determination of chemical
composition of complex inorganic
materials
Analysis and design of a 1x2 ring
resonator-based
plasmonic
switch
H. Kaatuzian, Mostafa Keshavarz
Moazzam
Amirkabir University of Technology
(Islamic Republic of Iran)
A note on ultra-short pulses
compression in silicon optical
waveguides under fourth-order
dispersion
L. Mandeng Mandeng, S. Fewo
Ibraid, C. Tchawoua, T. C. Kofané
Université
de
Yaoundé
1
(Cameroon)
Łukasz
K. Łazarek, A. Antonczak,
P. E. Koziol, B. D. Stepak,
M. R. Wojcik, K. M. Abramski
Wroclow University of Technology
(Poland)
Characterization
of
selfpulsations in a monolithic masteroscillator power amplifier
Mariafernanda
Vilera
Suárez,
J. García
Tijero,
A.
Consoli,
S. Aguilera, I. Esquivias, P. Adamiec
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
(Spain)
12
Room S. Pedro III
Dihedral Fourier analysis (invited)
Marlos Viana
University of Illinois at Chicago
(USA)
16:00 - 17:00
Coffee break & Poster session We.P
17:00 - 18:00
Parallel sessions
SEONS IV  Room S. Pedro II
We.4  Room S. João
Chair: Maria Mederios, Instituto de
Chair: Salvador Bará, Universidad
de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Mode coupling in few mode
optical fibers (Invited)
Mourad Zghal
University of Carthage (Tunisia)
The dispersion-scan technique: A
new
approach
for
the
measurement and control of
ultrashort light pulses (Invited)
Helder Crespo
Department of Physics & Astronomy
and IFIMUP-IN, University of Porto
(Portugal)
Mode conversion based on the
acousto-optic effect for mode
division transmission systems
Gil Fernandes, N. Muga, A. N. Pinto
Instituto
de
Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
Characteristics
study
of
multimode directional coupler by
elliptical point contacts and CMT
Latifah S. Supian, M. Ab-Rahman,
N. Arsad
Department of Electrical, Electronics
& Systems Engineering, FKAB,
UKM
and
National
Defense
University of Malaysia (Malaysia)
Laser
guiding
in
plasma
waveguides
created
by
femtosecond laser pulses
Nuno R. Lemos, T. Grismayer,
L. Cardoso, G. Figueira, J. Dias
UCLA (United States)
Study of the stabilization of a
semiconductor mode-lock laser
using hybrid mode-lock and
optical feedBack
David Alves, M. Abreu, A. Cabral,
J. Rebordão
Centre
for
Astronomy
and
Astrophysics of the University of
Lisbon (Portugal)
18:30
Conference Dinner
16:00 - 17:00
Poster session
We.P  Room S. Tomás de Aquino
1. Detection of aromatic molecules by surface-enhanced Raman scattering on Au-Ag-C nanoparticles
A. Kireev, P. Olshin, A. Povolotckaia, A. Manshina, A. Povolotskiy
2. Evaluation of polymerization shrinkage of resin cements through in vitro and in situ experiments
A. G. Franco, L. Z. Karam, C. A. Pulido, O. M. Gomes, H. J. Kalinowski
3. Uniform nanocrystalline diamond coatings on optical fibers by using microwave plasma chemical vapor
deposition
M. Granada, C. Tang, A. J. Fernandes, F. Shi, F. Costa, J. L. Pinto
4. Guidance features at terahertz spectrum of microstructured fibers filled with silver rods
M. Cardoso, A. Oliveira Silva, J. C. W. A. Costa
5. Fabry-Pérot microcavity strain sensor based on advanced silica tube
M. S. Ferreira, J. Bierlich, J. Kobelke, K. Wondraczek, C. Aichele, K. Schuster, J. L. Santos, O. Frazão
6. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles for application as biosensors in engineering
A. R. Prado, J. P. Oliveira, B. A. Milaneze, B. V. Nogueira, M. C. Guimarães, L. C. Almeida, A. F. Neto, M. J. Pontes,
M. R. Ribeiro
7. Gas sensing using wavelength modulation spectroscopy
D. Viveiros, J. Ribeiro, D. Flores, J. Ferreira, O. Frazão, J. L. Santos, J. M. Baptista
8. Cavity ring-down with amplification applied to remote sensing
D. S. Passos, S. Silva, M. J. Marques, O. Frazão
9. Repeatability analysis on LPFGs written by a CO2 laser
M. Nespereira, D. Castro Alves, J. M. Coelho, F. Monteiro, M. Abreu, J. M. Rebordão
10. Determination of terfenol-D magnetostriction characteristics for sensor application using fiber Bragg grating
K. D. Sousa, R. Zandonay, E. V. Silva, C. Martelli, J. Cardozo da Silva
13
11. Fluid evaporation monitoring with suspended-core fibers
J. P. Moura, H. Baierl, J. Auguste, R. Jamier, P. Roy, J. L. Santos, O. Frazão
12. Theoretical modeling of an U-shaped SPR fiber sensor in 1550 nm spectral range for sensing application
D. P. Duarte, N. J. Alberto, L. Bilro, R. N. Nogueira
13. Development of an optical fiber sensor for detecting hydrogen peroxide using silver nanoparticles
J. P. Oliveira, A. R. Prado, R. E. Volkers, B. V. Nogueira, M. C. Guimarães, M. Pontes, M. N. Ribeiro
14. Thermal monitoring of the thermoplastic injection molding process with FBGs
N. J. Alberto, R. N. Nogueira, V. F. Neto
15. Regeneration of FBGs during the HFCVD diamond-fiber coating process
N. J. Alberto, H. J. Kalinowski, V. F. Neto, R. N. Nogueira
16. Speckle-pattern-based temperature sensor in POF implemented with commodity embedded electronics
R. E. Volkers, A. F. Neto, M. Ribeiro, M. J. Pontes
17. Dual core fiber interferometer as in-line Mach-Zenhder interferometer sensor
H. F. Martins, J. Bierlich, K. Wondraczek, S. Unger, J. Kobelke, K. Schuster, M. J. Marques, M. Gonzalez-Herraez,
O. Frazão
18. Remote curvature fiber sensors using core mismatch structures and OTDR based interrogation
C. S. Fernandes, M. M. Rocco Giraldi, C. J. Gouveia, M. J. de Sousa, J. W. Albuquerque Costa, O. Frazão, P. A. da
Silva Jorge
19. New optical fiber devices based on focused ion beam
R. M. André, S. Pevec, M. Becker, J. Dellith, M. Rothhardt, M. B. Marques, D. Donlagic, H. Bartelt, O. Frazão
20. Molecularly imprinted polymer grafted on a polymeric optical fiber for ammonium sensing
F. R. Sequeira, N. Lopes, M. S. Gomes, A. Rudnitskaya, R. Nogueira, L. Bilro
21. Electro-optical parameters in excited states of some spectrally active molecules
V. Closca, C. Rusu, A. C. Benchea, D. O. Dorohoi
22. Wavefront shaping using a deformable mirror for focusing inside optical tissue phantoms
R. Gomes, J. M. Coelho, A. Gabriel, P. Vieira, C. Oliveira Silva, C. Reis
23. Analysis of phase interrogated SPR fiber optic sensors with different bimetallic combinations
H. Moayyed, I. Leite, L. Coelho, J. Santos, A. Guerreiro, D. Viegas
_______________________________________
Thursday, 29 May
9:00 - 10:45
OSA Student Chapter Session
Room S. Pedro II
Chair: Rogério Nogueira, OSA’s representative (Portugal)
9:00 - Presentation of the OSA Student Chapter of University of Aveiro
9:15 - Tutorial
What they don’t teach you at university - IP for engineering students (Invited)
Bruce A. Horwitz
TechRoadmap Inc. (USA)
10:00 - Tutorial
From technology to product? Fundamental steps (Invited)
Gonçalo Amorim
ISCTE (Portugal)
10:45 – 11:15
Coffee break
14
11:15 - 12:30
Parallel sessions
Th.1.a  Room S. Pedro II
Th.1.b  Room S. João
Th.1.c  Room S. Pedro III
Chair: Jean
Silva,
Universidade
Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil)
Chair: Pedro Pombo, University of
Aveiro (Portugal)
Chair:
Benjamin
(Japan)
Fiber optic cryogenic sensors for
superconducting magnets and
superconducting
power
transmission lines at CERN
(Invited)
Antonella Chiuchiolo, M. Bajko,
J. Perez, H. Bajas, M. Consoles,
M. Giordano, G. Breglio, L. Palmieri,
A. Cusano
CERN - European organization for
nuclear research (Switzerland)
First setup of the optical fiber
measuring system to monitoring
structure health of nuclear power
plant
Bretislav Mikel, R. Helan, Z. Buchta,
M. Holik, M. Jelinek
Institute of Scientific Instruments of
the ASCR (Czech Republic)
Preparation and measurement of
TFBG based vibration sensor
Radek Helan, F. Urban Jr., B. Mikel,
F. Urban Sr.
PROFIcomms
s.r.o
(Czech
Republic)
Revisiting grating orientation
effects
on
visual
contrast
sensitivity
using
optical
interferometry
P. M. Serra, L. F. Santos,
J. P. Corte-Real, Paulo T. Fiadeiro
Universidade da Beira Interior
(Portugal)
Development of a micro PET
system with improved spatial
resolution
through
depth-ofinteraction measurement
Pedro M. Correia, I. F. Castro,
J. F. Veloso
University of Aveiro (Portugal)
Study of gastric cancer samples
using terahertz techniques
Faustino Wahaia
Study of the fluorescence signal
for gastrointestinal dysplasia
detection
Sara Pimenta, E. M. Castanheira,
G. Minas
University of Minho - Centro
Algoritmi (Portugal)
Puttnam,
NICT
Design
challenges
unrepeatered submarine
(Invited)
Lutz Rapp
Coriant (Germany)
in
links
Performance analysis of multipump
Raman+EDFA
hybrid
amplifiers for WDM systems
Márcia da Mota Jardim Martini,
M. J. Pontes,
M.
R.
Ribeiro,
H. J. Kalinowski
CEFET/MG (Brazil)
Reducing the complexity of digital
nonlinear compensation for highspeed
coherent
optical
F. Guiomar, Sofia B. Amado,
Armando N. Pinto
Instituto
de
Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
Clock and carrier recovery in
high-speed
coherent
optical
Sofia B. Amado, R. Ferreira,
P. F. Costa, F. P. Guiomar, S. Ziaie,
N. J. Muga, A. L. Teixeira, A. N.
Pinto
Instituto
de
Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
12:30 - 14:00
Lunch break
14:00 - 14:45
Plenary session V
Room S. Pedro II
Chair: Manuel F. Costa, Universidade do Minho (Portugal)
Novel approaches and applications in optical encryption
John Barrera-Ramírez
Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia)
14:45 - 16:00
Parallel sessions
Th.2.a  Room S. Pedro II
Th.2.b  Room S. João
Chair: Gonçalo Figueira, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa
(Portugal)
Chair: Humberto Michinel, Universidad de Vigo (Spain)
Optical fiber sensors in arterial pulse waveform
acquisition
Cátia J. Leitão, P. Antunes, J. Mesquista Bastos,
J. Lemos Pinto, P. André
I3N and Department of Physics of University of Aveiro
and Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
15
Digitally cotrolling the ‘twist’ of light (Invited)
Angela Dudley, A. Forbes
CSIR National Laser Centre (South Africa)
Holography: Applications in science outreach
Pedro M. Pombo, E. Santos
FBG’s used to measure and compare strains induced
by orthodontic devices
Lídia M. Carvalho, A. Santos, P. Roriz, J. Simões,
J. Santos, O. Frazão
INESC-Porto (Portugal)
Design and fabrication of a holographic structure
with an increase angular and wavelength range of
operation for application in solar collectors
Hoda Akbari, I. Naydenova, S. Martin
Dublin Institute of Technology, School of Physics (Ireland)
Fiber optic dosimeter with silicon photomultipliers
Luis Moutinho, F. Castro, L. Peralta, M. C. Abreu,
J. F. Veloso
Real-time dosimeter targeted to nuclear applications
Alexandre M. Correia, C. C. Rosa, A. N. Falcão,
K. Lorentz
16:00 - 17:00
Coffee break & Poster session Th.P
17:00 - 18:00
SPOF’ General Assembly
19:30
OSA Student Chapter Barbecue
16:00 - 17:00
Poster session
Th.P  Room S. Tomás de Aquino
1. Zernike power spectra of urban light-polluted cloudless night skies
S. Bará, M. Nievas, A. Sánchez de Miguel, J. Zamorano
2. Reinforced adaboost face detector using support vector machine
J. Jang, J. K., H. Y.
3. Resolution analysis in computational imaging with patterned illumination and single-pixel detection
A. D. Rodriguez, E. Irles, P. Clemente, J. Lancis
4. Comparison of optical methods to measure the thickness of nanometer scale dielectric films
H. Gonçalves, C. Bernardo, M. Belsley, P. Schellenberg
5. Design and optimization of a spectrometer for spectral domain optical coherence tomography
H. Hosseiny, C. Carmelo Rosa
6. Experimental research of methods for image fragments highlighting and clustering using space-invariant
equivalency models
V. G. Krasilenko, A. Lazarev, D. Nikitovich
7. Measurement of thickness distribution, optical constants and roughness parameters of rough non-uniform
ZnSe thin films
Ohlídal, D. Necas, D. Franta, M. Ohlídal, V. Cudek, J. Vodák
8. Analysis of deformation of a heating body by means of digital holographic interferometry
N. Budini, C. Mulone, F. M. Vincitorio, A. J. López, A. Ramil
9. Morphologic evaluation of thin films by algorithms of optical phase stepping applied to images obtained by
interferential microscopy
V. J. Sarmiento, I. Choque, M. Asmad, G. Baldwin
10. SLM-based optical simulator for dynamic speckle analysis
B. Ivanov, N. Berberova, E. Stoykova
11. Real-time method for determination of speckle activity in dynamic speckle patterns
C. Mulone, N. Budini, F. M. Vincitorio, A. J. López, A. Ramil
12. Physic-chemical properties of biodiesel to be subjected to ultraviolet radiation: using thermal lens
spectrometry
F. Gomes Linhares, W. da Costa Silva, V. Haber Perez, M. Silva Sthel, M. Pessanha de Castro, H. Vargas
13. Optical spectroscopy in the analysis of Portuguese porous granites
P. R. Prezas, M. Graça, M. Soares, S. Mendiratta, J. Monteiro, H. Silva
14. Optical non-invasive 3D characterization of pottery of pre-colonial Paranaiba valley' tribes
M. F. Costa, W. Magalhães
16
15. Metameric colors in restoration
A. Hrib, R. Stanculescu Patru, D. Dorohoi
16. Photoelectrochemical solar cells based on conducting polymers, single wall carbon nanotube and fullerene
L. P. Almeida, A. R. Prado, M. G. de Freitas, M. N. Ribeiro, M. J. Pontes, A. F. Nogueira
17. Fill-factor and performance optimization in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells
L. R. Pereira, A. J. Trindade, M. G. Santos, J. Gomes
18. Influence of a bleaching post-exposure treatment in the performance of H-PDLC devices with high electrical
conductivity
M. Ortuño, A. Marquez, S. Gallego, R. Fernandez, V. Navarro-Fuster, A. Belendez, I. Pascual
19. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) doped with trivalent europium ions (Eu 3+) with luminescente features aimed
at polymeric optical fibers (POF)
A. S. Borges, S. T. Leite, A. F. Neto, M. J. Pontes, M. R. Ribeiro
20. Studies of the Yb3+, Er3+ doping on the glass transition and crystallization kinetic promised for photovoltaic
application TeO2 based glasses
P. Prezas, M. Graça, M. Valente, P. Bragiel, M. Piasecki, J. Dlugosz
21. Effect of Yb3+, Er3+, Pr3+ and Tm3+ doping on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of BLFT glasses
measured by Z scan
M. R., J. Dlugosz, S. Jakka, G. M. P. F., S. M. J., V. M. A., P. M.
22. Exploration of electrical signal addressing parameters in digital phase-only LCoS devices
F. J. Martínez, A. Márquez, S. Gallego, M. Ortuño, J. Francés, A. Beléndez, I. Pascual
_______________________________________
Friday, 30 May
9:00 - 9:45
Plenary session VI
Room S. Pedro II
Chair: John Barrera-Ramírez, Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia)
Rarefaction pulses and coherent cavitation in liquid light beams
Humberto Michinel, A. Paredes, D. Feijoo
Universidad de Vigo (Spain)
9:45 - 10:45
Parallel sessions
Fr1.a  Room S. Pedro II
Fr1.b  Room S. João
Chair: Lutz Rapp, Coriant (Germany)
Chair: Ana Maria Rocha, Instituto de Telecomunicações,
Portugal
On the impact of fiber-delay-lines (FDL) in an alloptical network (AON) bottleneck without wavelength
conversion (Invited)
P. Argibay-Losada, Gokhan Sahin
Solid to liquid light: Soliton dynamics using GPU
computing (Invited)
Ariel R. Guerreiro, N. A. Silva
Universidade do Porto and INESC Porto (Portugal)
Optical response of fractal aggregates of polarizable
particles
R. Pereira, J. Borges, P. Pereira, G. V. Smirnov, F. Vaz,
A. Cavaleiro, Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy
Energy-aware RWA for IP transport over WDM
networks
Miguel Henriques, P. Pinho, A. Teixeira
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (Portugal)
Efficiency analysis on platform over the top (OTT) to
deploy content and applications (edutainment) in
digital television, on optical network link
William S. Puche, J. E. Sierra, G. A. Moreno
Institución Universitaria Politécnico Colombiano Jaime
Isaza Cadavid (Colombia)
17
Attenuation in left-handed waveguide structure using
equivalent current theory method
H. M. Musa, Mohammad M. Shabat
Islamic University of Gaza (Occupied Palestinian
Territory)
10:45 – 11:15
Coffee break
11:15 - 12:30
Closing Session
Room S. Pedro II
The International Year of Light 2015
Mourad Zghal
European Physical Society - EPS
Awards Ceremony
Closing remarks
18
PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS
MONDAY 26 MAY
Opening Ceremony
10:30 - 11:00
Location: Room S. Pedro II
Plenary Session I
11:00 - 12:30
Vector wave holography and optical mass storage (Plenary Presentation)
Paper AOP100-223
Author(s): Toyohiko Yatagai, Utsunomiya Univ. (Japan)
The use of vector waves for holographic mass storage systems is discussed. Polarization
holography has been investigated by many authors. We have discussed a novel optical recording
technique for recording a retardance pattern of an optical anisotropic object was proposed. In this
method, polarization pattern of a single beam modulated by an anisotropic object is illuminated
onto a polarization-sensitive medium and the retardance pattern is recorded as an optical
anisotropy pattern on the medium. We also discuss conventional off-axis holography with
polarization recording for mass-storage. Some multiplexing techniques, including angular, shift
multiplexing, are introduced to increase memory capacity
The capacity crunch and perspectives on space-division multiplexing technologies (Plenary
Presentation)
Paper AOP100-237
Author(s): Yoshinari Awaji, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
(Japan)
The existing optical fiber communications infrastructure is at a crucial stage of technological limit
while the demand for network bandwidth is continuously increasing by several ten’s percent for
every years. With advanced modulation formats and wavelength division multiplexing, the limit to
increased capacity of existing fibers are impairments arising from high power concentration, such
as nonlinear noise or fiber fuse phenomenon. Hence, to further increase the transmission capacity
per fiber, being able to increase the total fiber launch power is critical. The maximum transmission
capacity of a single-mode fiber is considered to be around 100Tb/s, which, at the current rate of
bandwidth increase, is estimated to make capacity crunch in optical fiber networks a realistic
prospect within next two decades.
Space-division multiplexing (SDM) is considered as the last frontier of multiplexing and a viable
solution to overcome upcoming capacity crunch, where “Space” refers to the cross section of
optical fibers/cables. Major technological topics are multi-core fiber (MCF) and few-mode/multimode fiber transmissions and R&D activities of these subject has been rising steeply in recent
years.In Japan, the EXAT (EXtremely Advanced Transmission) study group started from 2008to
discuss measures to address capacity crunch and to pursue EXA scale optical fiber
communications infrastructure. EXAT has promoted domestic R&D activities for SDM and
international collaboration with the research communities in Europe, North America and Asia,
simultaneously. In this talk, I will introduce the state-of-the-art SDM R&D results and the activities
of EXAT study group.
19
Lunch Break
12:30 - 14:00
Session Mo.1.a
14:00 - 15:30
Multi-carrier transmitters in next generation access networks (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-241
Author(s): Prince M. Anandarajah, Rui Zhou, Vidak Vujicic, Dublin City Univ. (Ireland); Deseada G.
Pascual, Pilot Photonics (Ireland); Liam P. Barry, Dublin City Univ. (Ireland)
The authors present a few different types of multi-carrier transmitters and their performances when
employed in a next generation access network. A WDM PON architecture is adopted and each of
the multi-carrier tones is imposed with higher order modulation formats such as QPSK, 16QAM and
OFDM. The authors also present a performance comparison between the commonly used coherent
detection scheme and a novel receiver architecture based on a pilot tone aided direct detection
scheme.
Photonic integrated transmitter and receiver for NG-PON2
Paper AOP100-221
Author(s): Ana M. Tavares, Ana Lopes, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Cláudio
Rodrigues, Paulo Mão Cheia, Tiago Mendes, Portugal Telecom Inovação (Portugal); Simão
Brandão, Francisco Rodrigues, Ricardo Ferreira, António L. Teixeira, Instituto de
In this work we are presenting an integrated photonic circuit able to perform the requirements of the
optical interface or the most recent standards in access networks, as G.989. The circuit will be
characterized by means of simulations and design constrains.
Neuromorphic opto-electronic integrated circuits for optical signal processing
Paper AOP100-41
Author(s): Bruno Romeira, Univ. do Algarve (Portugal); Julien Javaloyes, Univ. de les Illes Balears
(Spain); Salvador Balle, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (Spain); Oreste Piro, Univ. de les
Illes Balears (Spain); Ricardo Avó, José M. L. Figueiredo, Univ. do Algarve (Portugal)
The ability to produce narrow optical pulses has been extensively investigated in laser systems
with promising applications in photonics such as clock recovery, pulse reshaping, and recently in
photonics artificial neural networks using spiking signal processing. Here, we investigate a
neuromorphic opto-electronic integrated circuit comprising a semiconductor laser driven by a
resonant tunneling diode (RTD) photo-detector operating at telecommunication (1550 nm)
wavelengths capable of excitable spiking signal generation in response to optical and electrical
control signals. RTD-based neuromorphic optoelectronic circuits mimic biologically inspired
neuronal phenomena and possess high-speed response and potential for monolithic integration for
optical signal processing applications.
Calculation of the number of bits required for the estimation of the bit error ratio
Paper AOP100-128
Author(s): Álvaro J. Almeida, Nuno A. Silva, Nelson J. Muga, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto
de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Paulo S. André, Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal), Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal); Armando N. Pinto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto de
The bit error ratio (BER) of the transmission in a given system allows determining its performance.
Therefore, the estimation of the number of bits that are necessary to be received in order to
20
determine the BER with a given confidence level is of major importance. We present a calculation
of the required number of bits to be received in a system of communications in order to achieve a
given level of confidence. Comparison between results using a binomial distribution function and
known approximations is obtained. These approximations can be important in cases where the
speed of the calculations matters.
Session Mo.1.b
14:00 - 15:30
Location: Room S. João
Laser induced fluorescence technique for environmental applications
Paper AOP100-26
Author(s): Andrei B. Utkin, INOV - INESC Inovação (Portugal), Univ. Técnica de Lisboa (Portugal);
Rui Felizardo, INOV - INESC Inovação (Portugal); Carla Gameiro, Paulo Cartaxana, Ana R. Matos,
Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal)
The work discusses development of two laser induced fluorescence sensors and their application
to evaluation of water pollution and photophysiological status of algae and higher plants. The first
sensor was developed around a high-power Nd:YAG laser. The sensor demonstrated good
efficiency in detection and characterization of oil spills and dissolved organic matter. Then we built
a transportable and cost-effective sensor using smaller water-to-air cooling laser. The sensor is
currently used for studying intertidal microphytobenthos migration, mapping algal communities in
Tagus Estuary, and addressing the role of pPLAIIα protein in the protection of the photosynthetic
metabolism in genetically modified Arabidopsis plants.
Investigation of the humidity sensitivity of acrylamide-based photopolymer containing Nphenylglycine as a photoinitiator
Paper AOP100-159
Author(s): Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Suzanne Martin, Izabela Naydenova, Dublin Institute of Technology
(Ireland)
Sensitivity of holographic recording materials to relative humidity (RH) often restricts their use in
holographic optical elements. Sensitivity to humidity can result in deterioration of holographic
optical elements recorded in this material. Thus, holographic recording materials with little or no
sensitivity to humidity are needed. It has been reported that acrylamide-based photopolymer layer
containing N-phenylglycine (NPG) as a photoinitiator has good surface quality under humid
conditions. It was demonstrated that the NPG photopolymer layer was not visibly affected by
exposure to 80% RH at 25 C. A quantitative investigation of the effect of humidity on NPG
photopolymer layers is needed in order to progress their application as material for holographic
recording and in particular for fabrication of holographic sensors unaffected by ambient humidity.
This work presents the investigation of the humidity response of transmission gratings recorded in
NPG photopolymer layer. The diffraction efficiency has been characterized at RH ranging between
20 and 90 %. It has been found that in the range of RH = 20 – 70 % the hologram is insensitive to
humidity and its diffraction efficiency is constant. A fully reversible decrease of the diffraction
efficiency has been observed in the humidity range RH = 80 – 90 %. The low humidity sensitivity of
acrylamide-based photopolymer containing NPG is encouraging for applications where humidity
sensitivity is an issue.
Diacetone acrylamide-based holographic nanocomposite for sensing applications
Paper AOP100-114
Author(s): Dervil Cody, Dublin Institute of Technology (Ireland); Emilia Mihaylova, Agricultural Univ.
(Bulgaria); Tsvetanka Babeva, Institute for Optical Materials and Technologies (Bulgaria); Hussein
Awala, LCS, Univ. de Caen (France); Richard Retoux, CRISMAT, Univ. de Caen (France);
21
Svetlana Mintova, LCS, Univ. de Caen (France); Izabela Naydenova, Dublin Institute of
Technology (Ireland)
Photopolymers are fast becoming one of the most popular recording media for different holographic
applications due to their high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, relatively low cost and selfprocessing nature. The incorporation of nanoparticles into holographic photopolymers has been
extensively researched by many groups. Polymer-nanoparticle composites have many interesting
properties such as improved holographic recording capability, and the potential for use as chemical
and environmental sensors. Previously the suitability of an acrylamide (AA)-based photopolymer
doped with Beta zeolite nanoparticles as a toluene gas sensor has been demonstrated; the sensing
properties are based on the changes in their holographic grating optical properties under exposure
to gases. However the addition of zeolite nanoparticles to the AA photopolymer did not result in a
large improvement in holographic recording sensitivity due to the migration of the AA monomer
molecules into the zeolite pores.
Here, the suitability of a polymer-nanoparticle composite for holographic sensing has been
investigated using the monomer Diacetone Acrylamide (DA) as a replacement for AA. It has been
demonstrated that the DA photopolymer is compatible as a host material for the zeolite
nanoparticles. This is due to the larger size of the DA monomer molecules in comparison with the
zeolite pores, which restricts monomer migration into the zeolite crystals. Thus the pores of the
zeolite Beta nanoparticles remain empty, resulting in improved holographic recording sensitivity
and dynamic range. The suitability of the DA polymer-nanoparticle composite as a holographic gas
sensing material has been investigated, and preliminary results of this study are presented.
Interferometry within a resonant cavity with standing wave detection
Paper AOP100-213
Author(s): Josef Lazar, Miroslava Hola, Jan Hrabina, Jindrich Oulehla, Ondrej Cip, Institute of
Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i. (Czech Republic)
We present a measuring technique for displacement and position sensing over a limited range with
detection of standing-wave pattern inside of a passive Fabry-Perot cavity. The concept considers
locking of the laser optical frequency and the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity in resonance.
Sensing of the interference maxima and minima within the cavity along the beam axis has been
tested and proven with a low loss photoresistive photodetector based on a thin polycrystalline
silicon layer.
Scalable lidar technique for fire detection
Paper AOP100-27
Author(s): Andrei B. Utkin, INOV - INESC Inovação (Portugal), Univ. Técnica de Lisboa (Portugal);
Fernando Piedade, Vasco Beixiga, Pedro Mota, Pedro Lousã, INOV - INESC Inovação (Portugal)
Lidar (light detection and ranging) presents better sensitivity than fire surveillance based on
imaging. However, the price of conventional lidar equipment is often too high as compared to
passive fire detection instruments. We describe possibilities to downscale the technology. First, a
conventional lidar, capable of smoke-plume detection up to ~10 km, may be replaced by an
industrially manufactured solid-state laser rangefinder. This reduces the detection range to about 5
km, but decreases the purchase price by one order of magnitude. Further downscaling is possible
by constructing the lidar smoke sensor on the basis of a low-cost laser diode.
Posters and Coffee Break
15:30 - 16:30
22
Session Mo.2.a
16:30 - 18:00
Diffusion and interface effects during preparation of microstructured fibers (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-6
Author(s): Jens Kobelke, Jörg Bierlich, Katrin Wondraczek, Claudia Aichele, Zhiwen Pan, Sonja
Unger, Kay Schuster, Hartmut Bartelt, Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V. (Germany)
Compact microstructured optical fibers (CMOFs) allow the realization of very flexible optical
waveguide designs by stacking of differently doped silica rods or canes in complex arrangements.
Typical dopants in silica matrices are germanium and phosphorus for increasing the refractive
index or boron and fluorine for depressing it. We show results of diffusion and thermal dissociation
simulations with germanium and fluorine doped silica rod arrangements according to the monitored
geometrical disturbances in stretched canes or drawn fibers. The paper indicates geometrical limits
of dopant gradients in CMOF preparation depending on the dopant concentration and the thermal
conditions during the drawing process.
Light propagation in xenon filled Kagomé hollow core photonic crystal fibers
Paper AOP100-44
Author(s): Sílvia G. Rodrigues, Margarida Facão, Mário F. Ferreira, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
We address the guidance mechanism of a kagomé hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF)
filled with xenon by the inspection of its photonic band gaps and density of states, in wavelength
regions of its transparency band. Its guided modes and group-velocity dispersion (GVD), in the
same wavelength regions, were computed. Then, pulse propagation simulations were performed in
order to investigate the generation of supercontinuum and UV light in those xenon filled fibers.
Characterization of arbitrary fiber taper profiles with optical microscopy and image
processing algorithms
Paper AOP100-52
Author(s): Heric D. Farias, Renan Sebem, Aleksander S. Paterno, Univ. Federal de Santa Catarina
(Brazil)
Results from the development of a software to characterize fiber taper profiles using optical
microscopy, a high-definition camera and a translation stage are reported. The acquired set of
images was stitched and processed with edge detection algorithms. The given taper was
characterized producing the curve that represents its profile. As a consequence, the proposed
characterization software is a first step towards a customized and inexpensive characterization of
fiber taper diameters with arbitrary profiles. An arbitrary taper is characterized for the illustration of
the developed software, which also illustrates the tapers fabricated with the ‘stepwise technique’,
that allows the production of non-biconical profiles.
Experimental setup for electromagnetically induced transparency observation in hollowcore fibers
Paper AOP100-119
Author(s): Bruno D. Tiburcio, Gil M. Fernandes, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Jorge
Monteiro, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Silvia G. Rodrigues, Maria Inês Carvalho, Univ. do Porto
(Portugal); Margarida Facão, Mario G. Ferreira, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Armando N. Pinto,
We present an experimental setup developed in order to observe resonant nonlinear interactions
between electromagnetic radiation, at telecommunications window, and gas molecules, confined in
a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). In one end of the HC-PCF, a low-loss splice was
performed while the other end remains opened to the gas inlet. This configuration provides an
23
efficient light launching and also allows the pressure variation of the gas inside the fiber. We
observed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in acetylene molecules, at low powers.
Furthermore, a theoretical model was applied to the EIT transmission spectrum, determining some
of the unknown parameters.
Session Mo.2.b
16:30 - 18:00
PENELOPE: a fully diode-pumped petawatt laser system (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-157
Author(s): Daniel Albach, Mathias Siebold, Fabian Röser, Markus Loeser, Ulrich Schramm,
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. (Germany)
PENELOPE (Petawatt, Energy-Efficient Laser for Optical Plasma Experiments), a fully diodepumped solid-state laser project, is currently under development at the Helmholtz-Centre DresdenRossendorf, Germany. It aims at pulse energies after compression of 150J, pulse durations of
150fs, while supporting repetition rates of up to 1Hz. In difference to commercially
availableTi:Sapphire petawatt-class laser systems, PENELOPE relies on directly laser diodepumped broadband Ytterbium-doped laser gain media. Those materials are especially interesting
due to their long fluorescence lifetime in the order of several milliseconds. Such materials are
promising candidates to achieve high optical-to-optical efficiencies. The amplifier chain is a hybrid
active-mirror/multi-slab architecture. For energies up to 1J, active-mirror based approaches are
used. The final amplifier sections of 20J and 200J rely on multi-slab Helium gasjet cooling. The
1.2MW peak power multi-pass pump design for the final amplifier as well as the 12-pass extraction
architecture is presented. The stretcher-compressor setup allows 50nm of hardclip bandwidth and
shows a stretching factor of 195ps/nm. We will present concepts for the fully diode pumped laser
system, starting from the oscillator, stretcher, several amplification steps and finally the
compression stage. Special attention is paid to the main amplifier sections, where most of the
pump energy is deployed. Different laser design approaches are discussed.
CW 1.06-μm pumped Ytterbium-Holmium co-doped all-fiber laser for 2.05 μm
Paper AOP100-232
Author(s): Alexander V. Kir'yanov, Yuri O. Barmenkov, Vladimir P. Minkovich, Ctr. de
Investigaciones en Óptica A.C. (Mexico)
An ytterbium-holmium co-doped all-fiber CW laser is reported. The fiber used in the laser setup as
an active medium has been fabricated through the conventional MCVD process employed in-line
with the SD technique and finally drawn using a standard fiber-draw tower. The laser was built in a
linear Fabry-Perot configuration in which two fiber Bragg gratings with reflection peaks at 2.05 µm
were used as cavity couplers. Under 1.06-µm in-core pumping of the fiber, lasing at ~2.05 µm is
provided due to energy transfer Yb3+→Ho3+. The laser demonstrated a low threshold (<1 W),
moderate slope efficiency of lasing (~7%), and high timing stability: during 6 hours its output power
fluctuated within a 3% range. The laser spectrum width measured at a 3-dB level using an optical
spectrum analyzer with 37-pm resolution was measured to be ~70 pm.
Development of a ytterbium pumped YCOB based broadband OPCPA laser system
Paper AOP100-187
Author(s): Hugo A. Pires, Celso P. João, Gonçalo Figueira, Univ. Técnica de Lisboa (Portugal)
We report the development and preliminary results on a double OPA laser system using YCOB as
the non-linear crystal with an ytterbium-based pumping system. A noncollinear geometry is used
and tuned for optimized output bandwidth. Laser pulses supporting ~15 fs pulse duration are
shown.
24
Yellow light-generation by frequency doubling of Raman-shifted all-fiber laser
Paper AOP100-64
Author(s): Manuel Ryser, Valerio Romano, Univ. Bern (Switzerland)
Laser sources with light-emission in the yellow spectral range are of great interest for a wide range
of applications including sodium guidestar laser, quantum computing, and medical applications.
However, reliable laser sources at the required optical power levels of several Watts, hardly exist.
Here we present an approach for yellow laser emission that is based on a master-oscillator power
amplifier system with a subsequent Raman-shifter and frequency doubling crystal. We generate
radiation around 1100nm within a fiber bragg grating (FBG) based cavity that seeds the
subsequent power amplifier. Generation and amplification of light around 1100nm is not straight
forward when using Yb-doped optical fibers, since lasing occurs preferentially around the gainmaximum of 1030nm. To force the cavity to operate at 1100 nm the right choice of FBGs and
heating of the Yb-doped fiber is crucial for suppressing the unwanted process of amplified
spontaneous emission. We exploit the Raman-shift for converting the amplified 1100nm radiation
towards longer wavelengths around 1154nm. Finally, the output of the Raman-cavity of around
1154nm is frequency doubled to 577nm by using a second harmonic crystal. We succeeded to
build a first prototype with yellow light emission. However, further optimization of the system must
be undertaken to achieve Watt-level light emission. Here we present results of narrowband yellow
light emission from our all-in fiber-laser system.
Design of high-brightnessTEM00-mode solar-pumped laser for renewable material
processing
Paper AOP100-86
Author(s): Dawei Liang, Joana Almeida, Univ. Nova de Lisboa (Portugal)
The conversion of sunlight into laser light by direct solar pumping is of ever-increasing importance
because broadband, temporally constant, sunlight is converted into laser light, which can be a
source of narrowband, collimated, rapidly pulsed, radiation with the possibility of obtaining
extremely high brightness and intensity. Nonlinear processes, such as harmonic generation, might
be used to obtain broad wavelength coverage, including the ultraviolet wavelengths, where the
solar flux is very weak. The direct excitation of large lasers by sunlight offers the prospect of a
drastic reduction in the cost of coherent optical radiation for high average power materials
processing. This renewable laser has a large potential for many applications, e.g. high-temperature
materials processing, renewable magnesium-hydrogen energy cycle and so on. We propose here a
scalable solar laser pumping scheme, which is composed of four first-stage 1.0 m diameter, 2.0 m
focal length Fresnel lens with 76 % transmission efficiency, mounted on a two-axis automatic solar
tracker. Concentrated solar power at the focal spots of the four Fresnel lens are focused
individually onto a common 4 mm diameter, 70 mm length Nd:YAG rod through four pairs of
second-stage fused-silica aspheric lenses and third-stage compound parabolic concentrators,
sitting just above the laser rod that is placed in a V-shaped pumping cavity. Distilled water cools
both the rod and the parabolic optics. More than 15 W TEM00 solar laser power is expected. This
result will offer nearly 8 times more brightness than the present record of 1.9W laser beam
brightness figure of merit.
Hybrid Yb:CaF /Yb:YAG compact CPA laser generating 100-mJ for pumping a broadband
optical parametric amplifier
Paper AOP100-155
Author(s): Celso P. João, Hugo A. Pires, Luís Cardoso, Gonçalo Figueira, Univ. Técnica de Lisboa
(Portugal)
2
We have developed a 100 mJ, diode-pumped, hybrid laser system for broadband OPA pumping.
The amplification chain is disposed in a CPA configuration and consists in a 3 mJ, 10 Hz, Yb:CaF2
regenerative amplifier and a 100 mJ, 1 Hz, eight passes Yb:YAG amplifier at 1032 nm. 80% of the
pulse energy is compressed after the pre-amplifier to generate white light continuum and seed the
25
OPA, while the remaining seeds the main amplifier. The stretcher/compressor is based on a single
chirped volume Bragg grating and a compact low-dispersion grating compressor used to precompensate the intra-cavity dispersion of the Yb:CaF2 amplifier.
Poster Session Mo.P
15:30 – 16:30
Location: Room S. Tomás de Aquino
1. Tb ions doped bismuth gadalonium tungstate: a green emitting phosphor for display
devices
Paper AOP100-177
Author(s): Pavani Krishnapuram, Suresh Kumar Jakka, Manuel Pedro Graca, Manuel J. Soares, M.
A. Valente, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
3+
A series of polycrystalline bismuth gadalonium tungstate (BGW) phosphors doped with Tb3+ ions
were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The prepared materials were characterized by
powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and
Photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The luminescence properties of these materials were
investigated under UV excitation. The BGW:Tb phosphors exhibited intense emissions at ~490 and
~540 nm due to 5D4 → 7 F6 and 5D4 → 7 F5transitions of Tb3+ ions, respectively. Decay analysis
and quantitative analysis of the spectra indicated potential applications of these phosphors for PDP
and other display devices as green emitting phosphors.
2. Near-field resonant energy transfer between spherical quantum dots
Paper AOP100-48
Author(s): Filipa C. Peres, Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy, Univ. do Minho (Portugal)
Applying a simple model to describe the QD electronic structure we are able to calculate the
spectra of the QD polarizability and its cross-section of absorption; determine numerical values for
the FRET probability between two QDs and the characteristic Förster radius. We also show that,
despite usual assumptions that the interaction between two dipoles goes with the inter-dot distance
to the minus cube, this is not exactly so for a weak confinement regime.
3. On the electro-optical behavior of an OLED based on europium and the relationship with
electrical transport phenomena
Paper AOP100-160
Author(s): Luiz R. Pereira, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), i3N - Institute of Nanostructures,
Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (Portugal); Gerson Santos, Univ. de São Paulo (Brazil); Wilson
J. Simões, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), i3N - Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and
Nanofabrication (Portugal)
This work we presents a detailed result of Organic Light Emitting Diodes based on europium
complex as emitting layer, the tris (dibenzoylmethane) – mono (4,7-dimethylphenantroline)
europium (III) – Eu(DBM)3phen. The electroluminescence spectra show the Eu3+ ion transitions,
with the main emission at 612 nm (red region) and are almost “monochromatic” with CIE color
coordinates of (0.67, 0.32). However, and under some conditions, emissions from others organic
emitters can be observed, shifting the color coordinates to a (0.52, 0.46), towards the red-orange
region. The driving voltage is about 15 V although the electrical current is only 0.1 mA (Wall Plug
Efficiency up to 4×10-3 %). The electrical dc and ac behavior is analyzed and correlated with the
electroluminescence data. From the forward diode dc current-voltage data, it is observed a
behavior that follows a space charge limited current condition at high applied voltage. The influence
of possible electrically active energy levels that acts as traps is considered. From ac data, the
equivalent circuit can be established and the nature of the electrical phenomena at interfaces is
discussed. The Density of States (DOS) near the Fermi level is calculated and a relationship with
26
the electrical and optical behavior analyzed. The physical studies about the carrier confinement in
the europium emissive layer are performed and the results are compared with the parameters used
to build the devices. With these results, a model considering the charge confinement and the
materials energy levels is proposed and discussed.
4. Wavemeter uncertainty evaluation for calibration of the external cavity diode lasers
Paper AOP100-37
Author(s): Ismael Outumuro González, Jose Luis Valencia, Lab. Oficial de Metroloxia de Galicia
(Spain); Javier Diz-Bugarin, Jesus Blanco, Benito Vazquez-Dorrio, Univ. de Vigo (Spain)
The uncertainty of a wavemeter has been evaluated taking into account all contributions. This
wavemeter was developed to give traceability to the frequency of external cavity diode lasers.
These lasers were stabilized and used as light source in the assembly of a new interferometric
system for the gauge block calibration. The wavemeter experimental setup is also presented and is
based in a Michelson interferometer, a He-Ne laser used as a reference wavelength and a Vernier
counter that allowed us to reduce the uncertainty below 1ppm.
5. Dichroism of stretched poly vinyl alcohol (APV) foils containing pyridazinium ylids
Paper AOP100-176
Author(s): Iuliana Stoica, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry (Romania); Leonas
Dumitrascu, Irina Dumitrascu, Dana O. Dorohoi, Univ. Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania)
Dichroism of stretched poly vinyl alcohol (APV) foils containing pyridazinium ylids 1Iuliana Stoica,
2Leonas Dumitrascu, 2Irina Dumitrascu, 2Dana Ortansa Dorohoi 1Petru Poni Institute of
Macromolecular Chemistry, 42 Aleea Ghica Voda, RO-700487, Iasi, Romania 2Alexandru Ioan
Cuza University, Faculty of Physics, 11 Carol I Blvd, RO-700506, Iasi, Romania Pyridazinium ylids
are zwitterionic compounds with a visible intense band resulting from an intramolecular charge
transfer from the carbanion towards the heterocycle. In polymer films one can estimate the degree
of order of ylid molecules by the dichroism of thin films. The visible band intensity measured on two
perpendicular directions (one parallel and other perpendicular on the film stretching direction)
determine the dichroic ratio, a parameter proportional to the relative number of the oriented ylid
molecules with their ylidic bond along the stretching direction. From the spectral study it results that
about 53% of ylid molecules are oriented when the degree of stretching is about 4. The value of the
degree of stretching is determined by the ratio between the semi axes of a ellipse in which a circle
drawn on the polymer foil degenerates. This kind of studies contributes to establish the mechanism
of the orientation of the lateral polymer chains and also can offer information about the direction of
the electronic transfer in absorption band appearance.
6. Spectroscopic
study
on
laser
potential
of
La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14:Er
and
La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14:Ho, Yb single crystals
Paper AOP100-36
Author(s): Jarosław Komar, Radoslaw Lisiecki, Witold Ryba-Romanowski, Institute of Low
Temperature and Structure Research (Poland); Marek Berkowski, Institute of Physics (Poland)
La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 (LGT) crystals are characterized by a certain structural disorder that is related
to partial occupation of gallium octahedral local positions by Ta5+ ions. In relation to that, spectral
bands of incorporated lanthanide ions are inhomogeneously broadened. This feature is favourable
for optical pumping and makes it possible to tune the laser output wavelength. Due to numerous
applications of solid state lasers operating in the spectral range of 1.5 laser crystals doped with erbium and holmium is justifiable. Our spectroscopic study is focused on
LGT:Er and LGT:Ho, Yb single crystals grown by the Czochralski method aiming at assessment of
their ability to generate
detailed spectroscopic examination of aforementioned single crystals as a function of temperature
when T=5K-700K has been made. Effectiveness of different ways of optical pumping process was
assessed examining absorption abilities of erbium and ytterbium in LGT crystals as well as
27
evaluating efficiency of Yb-Ho energy transfer. Emission spectra attributed to NIR laser transitions
were calibrated in cross section unit in order to indicate emission potential of erbium and holmium
ions in La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 oxide system. Impact of parasitic visible up-converted luminescence on
laser emission of Ho3+ and Er3+ was studied as well. Results of our investigation imply that
LGT:Er and LGT:Ho, Yb crystals can be considered as potential laser active materials able to show
laser operation at temperature conditions that can be reached when high-power optical pumping is
applied.
7. Photoluminescence properties of Nd -doped YVO4 nanophosphors synthesized by
modified Pechini method
Paper AOP100-11
Author(s): Ilya Kolesnikov, Daria Tolstikova, Saint-Petersburg State Univ. (Russian Federation);
Mikhail D. Mikhailov, S.I. Vavilov State Optical Institute (Russian Federation)
3+
Nanocrystalline Nd3+-doped YVO4 powders were synthesized by modified Pechini method.
Structural properties, morphology and composition of obtained nanophosphors were investigated
using XRD, SEM and EDX. It was found that nanopowders had only tetragonal phase. Nd3+
concentration effect on the luminescence intensity has been studied under different excitations.
The optimum concentration of Nd3+ ions was determined for each excitation wavelength.
Excitation and emission spectra of YVO4:Nd3+ 0.05 mol.% nanophosphor were measured in quite
wide region. Lifetimes of YVO4 doped with different Nd3+ concentration were determined by
monitoring luminescence of the most prominent transition 4F3/2 – 4I11/2.
8. Evaluation of spectroscopic parameters relevant to achievement of yellow-red light
amplification in selected oxide crystals doped with samarium and dysprosium
Paper AOP100-38
Author(s): Radoslaw Lisiecki, Jaroslaw Komar, Witold Ryba-Romanowski, Institute of Low
Temperature and Structure Research (Poland); Marek Berkowski, Institute of Physics (Poland)
Single crystals of LiNbO3(LNO), Gd3Ga5O12(GGG) and (Lu0.4Gd0.6)2SiO5doped with samarium
and dysprosium were grown by the Czochralski method. When excited with a 405nm radiation
delivered by commercial InGaN laser diodes all of them show intense visible emission distributed
into several bands in spectral region stretching from blue to deep red. The most intense emission
bands are related to transitions ending on low energy excited states implying that these systems
may be able to show generation of visible light according to four-level laser scheme. Intention of
the present work is to determine the effect of the host on spectroscopic parameters relevant to light
amplification for yellow-red emission lines of incorporated samarium and dysprosium ions.Optical
spectroscopy methods were used to determine spectral characteristics of absorption and emission
bands within spectral regions related to optical pumping process and efficient visible luminescence,
respectively. Peak cross section values for most intense emission lines were evaluated. Study of
luminescence relaxation dynamic was restricted to emission originating in metastable levels of
samarium and dysprosium. Calculated rate of radiative transitions and experimentally measured
lifetime of excited states were used to estimate of Sm3+ and Dy3+ luminescent level’s quantum
efficiency. Acknowledgements: This work is supported by the NCN under grant DEC –
2011/01/B/ST7/06166.
9. Reaching relativistic intensities with high temporal contrast
Paper AOP100-80
Author(s): Swen Künzel, Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal)
The High-Field Laser Application Laboratory (HFL) at the Max-Born Institute Berlin is operating two
laser systems that can produce relativistic pulse energies with peak intensities up to 10^20W/cm^2.
The goal is to study relativistic plasma dynamics and laser particle acceleration. A good temporal
contrast is crucial since the plasma creation threshold is ~10^11W/cm^2to ~10^12W/cm^2. Pre-
28
pulses at these intensities launch shock and heat waves and the main pulse, picoseconds after the
pre-pulse, interacts with a low density plasma instead of a solid/gas target.
Techniques to reach relativistic pulse energies and high peak intensities with a good temporal
contrast will be presented such as cross-polarized wave generation and plasma mirrors.
10. Extended NIR emission using rare earth tri-doped barium lanthanum fluorotellurite
glasses for fiber amplifiers
Paper AOP100-185
Author(s): M. Graça, J. Suresh, P. Krishnapuram, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); G. Venkataiah, Sri
Venkateswara Univ. (India); M. Valente, M. Soares, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal
Multi-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission needs to have large bandwidth
with a flat-gain spectrum in a high-speed network. Er3+ doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and Tm3+
doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) separately possess emission bands in C-band and L-band,
respectively. It is also expected that in a tellurite or a fluoride host the emission bands will further
increase to maximize the number of wavelength channels. An attempt to extend the emission band
of Er3+ NIR emission in C-band by combining with that of Tm3+ NIR emission in L-band can be
made by co-doping the Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a fluorotellurite glass matrix. Hence barium
lanthanum fluorotellurite (BLFT) glass host has been chosen for doping Er3+ and Tm3+ ions with
various concentrations along with Yb3+ ions to enhance the absorption capability and energy
transfer among the active ions. Elaborate spectroscopic investigation including absorption, NIR
emission and decay analysis in the NIR region have been made on the rare earth doped BLFT
glasses to determine the usability of the extended NIR emission band due to Er3+ and Tm3+
emissions in telecommunication.
11. Nanoparticle fabrication in Therminol VP-1 by pulsed laser ablation in liquids in two
steps
Paper AOP100-152
Author(s): Omar Torres-Mendieta, Rosa Mondragón, Omel Mendoza-Yero, Gladys Minguez-Vega,
Jesús Láncis, Univ. Jaume I (Spain)
Nowadays, there is an intensive research worldwide in order to enhance the heat transfer
properties of thermal oils. The use of nanofluids (fluids containing nanoparticles) is an emerging
technique for heat transfer intensification. In this context, we fabricte of gold nanoparticles in a
thermal oil known as Therminol VP-1 by pulsed laser ablation in liquids. The process involves two
stages, the ablation and re-fragmentation. After the re-fragmentation we obtained nanoparticles
with a size of 58.8 nm. The advantage of this method versus chemical methods is the high purity of
the nanoparticles as no stabilizer or redactor is used in the process.
12. Femtosecond laser writing in silver-phosphate glasses
Paper AOP100-65
Author(s): Pavel Olshin, Alexey Kireev, Alexey Povolotskiy, Alina Manshina, Ivan Sokolov, SaintPetersburg State Univ. (Russian Federation)
Laser writing is a new technique for creation of different optical devices by fs-pulse lasers. The
method is based on structural changes, which occurs in transparent samples under high power
ultra-short laser beam. Sufficient for structural modification parameters are achieved only in local
area which is limited by focal point of a laser beam. This process can be used for creation of
different phase-type components of integrated optics like waveguides, diffraction gratings, lenses
and others. This work deals with creation of structures in silver-phosphate glasses (xAg2O-(x1)P2O5; x=0.35, 0.45, 0.55) by Ti:sapphire laser with 800 nm, 100fs, repetition rate of 250 kHz.
The structures were created in samples of any composition, but the best results were observed in
glass 0.55 Ag2O – 0.45 P2O5. This sample was chosen for further experiments. Luminescence
properties of modified areas were found. The signal was found to be typical for silver nanoparticles’
luminescence. Influence of laser parameters (number of scans, scans’ velocity and laser power)
29
were studied. Also an effect of laser-induced luminescence degradation under CW low intensity
laser radiation was detected. The degradation occurs after irradiation with different lasers
wavelengths - 488, 532, 785 nm. Dependence of the luminescence degradation effect on lasers’
parameters (wavelength, power, exposure time) was investigated.
13. Split-ring resonators manufactured on conductive layer by selective laser ablation
Paper AOP100-136
Author(s): Pawel E. Koziol, Arkadiusz J. Antończak, Lukasz K. Lazarek, Bogusz D. Stepak, Michal
R. Wojcik, Wroclaw Univ. of Technology (Poland); Michal Walczakowski, Military Univ. of
Technology (Poland); Krzysztof M. Abramski, Wroclaw Univ. of Technology (Poland)
In this paper an alternative method of manufacturing SRR structures through the selective removal
of a thin layer of silver deposited on the surface of the Al2O3 ceramic was presented. The ablation
of the conductive layer was carried out using nanosecond solid-state Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser. The
SRR structures array were subject to transmittance measurements using THz - Time Domain
Spectroscopy. We observed both electric and magnetic resonances at frequencies determined by
the structural parameters of the SRR. It has been shown that using selective laser removal process
enables preparation of the metamaterials structures with defined parameters as it was assumed in
theory and simulation.
14. Effect of CO laser micromachining on physicochemical properties of poly(L-lactide)
Paper AOP100-141
Author(s): Arkadiusz J. Antończak, Bogusz D. Stępak, Konrad Szustakiewicz, Michał R. Wójcik,
Paweł E. Kozioł, Lukasz Lazarek, Krzysztof M. Abramski, Wroclaw Univ. of Technology (Poland)
2
In this paper, we present both an examples of micromachining of poly(L-lactide) by CO2 laser as
well as the analysis of changes in material properties in the heat affected zone induced by the
fluence well above the ablation threshold. Introduced changes were characterized using DSC,
GPC/SEC, XPS and ATR-FTIR. We have found that CO2 laser processing of poly(L-lactide) mainly
induces surface changes. There was no oxidation. We recorded a bimodal distribution and the
reduction of the molecular weight. Infrared spectroscopy in turn revealed the existence of
absorption bands, characteristic for the vinyl groups (RCH=CH2).
15. Monitoring the laser cleaning of granites by means of multispectral image analysis
Paper AOP100-181
Author(s): Alberto Ramil, M. Paula Fiorucci, Univ. da Coruña (Spain); Ana Jesús López, Univ. da
Coruña (Spain); Teresa Rivas, Univ. de Vigo (Spain)
An important issue in laser cleaning of Cultural Heritage objects is the monitoring of the process in
order to evaluate the progress of cleaning and to avoid laser overexposure which could damage
the substrate. In the case of granitic rocks, widely used both as ornamental and structural
elements, the poly-mineral composition results in high chromatic heterogeneity which difficult the
evaluation of the cleaning level by measuring the global reflectivity of the stone surface. The aim of
this work is to present a methodology based on multi-spectral image analysis to follow -up and insitu evaluate the cleaning process in granitic rocks. For this purpose, different granites with crusts
of different nature were cleaned by the third harmonic of a Nd: YVO4 laser. Multi spectral images of
the surface were recorded before the laser treatment and along the cleaning, after each laser scan.
Analysis of the crust spectrum gave information about its nature and the ratio of intensities at two
spectral bands has proved to be enough to distinguish between biogenic and anthropogenic crust
nature. Comparison on-line with a reference (neat granite) of the subsequent reflectivity spectra
allows to adequate the laser treatment to improve the effectiveness of cleaning and avoid damage
in the stone substrate.
30
16. Excimer laser-induced incubation of poly(L-lactide)
Paper AOP100-106
Author(s): Bogusz D. Stepak, Arkadiusz J. Antończak, Konrad Szustakiewicz, Paweł E. Kozioł,
Michał R. Wójcik, Lukasz K. Lazarek, Krzysztof M. Abramski, Wroclaw Univ. of Technology
(Poland)
The irradiation of polymers by excimer laser can results both in ablation and modification of its
properties. The common approach presented in the literature is to modify chemical composition of
polymer surface by UV irradiation in order to, for example, improve its wettability. In this paper, we
present the possibility of bulk modification of poly(L-lactide) using KrF excimer laser. Introduced
changes were characterized using different analytical techniques such as differential scanning
calorimetry DSC and gel permeation chromatography GPC. The intensity of chemical composition
changes can be precisely controlled by delivery of a number of laser pulses with given fluence. The
changes were recorded during the process by analysis of the fotoluminescence spectrum as well
as measurement of the energy transmitted through polymer sheet. We found that the UV treatment
of poly(L-lactide) results in decrease of molecular weight, increase of polydispersity and creation of
new functional groups through photochemical reactions. The increase of absorption coefficient was
observed. This technique can be used for selective and controllable modification of hydrolytic
degradation dynamics of biodegradable polymers.
17. Fabrication of Fresnel microlens with contour excimer laser ablation
Paper AOP100-124
Author(s): Michał R. Wójcik, Arkadiusz J. Antończak, Paweł E. Kozioł, Lukasz K. Lazarek, Bogusz
D. Stępak, Krzysztof M. Abramski, Wroclaw Univ. of Technology (Poland)
Laser micromachining systems based on excimer lasers are usually oriented to work with mask
projection regime because of the low pulse repetition rate as well as large beam aperture of the
laser source. In case of fabricating of the complex 3D structures, this approach introduces a
number of limitations. Alternative solution might be usage of direct writing laser mode. Some
examples of so called contour ablation approach for fabricating microlenses with an absolutely
monotonically changing crosssectional profile, were presented in the literature. Based on this idea
and introducing new variables like automatic mask selection as well as optimizing process
algorithms led us to obtain more versatile method for shape approximation. Hence, fabrication of
structures with cross-sectional profiles described as functions that are monotonic on specified
intervals such as Fresnel microlenses was performed. In this paper we describe approximation of
process parameters for obtaining desired cross-sectional profiles and finally fabrication of few
exemplary microlenses. All structures were characterized by a digital optical microscopy and
compared to the given profiles. The accuracy of reproduction of the desired structures at the level
of single microns was achieved.
18. Fabrication of microlens arrays on borosilicate glass using a combination of laser
direct-write and thermal reflow techniques
Paper AOP100-121
Author(s): María Teresa Flores-Arias, Daniel Nieto, Manuel Blanco, Univ. de Santiago de
Compostela (Spain)
In this paper a method for fabricating microlens on borosilicate glass using a nanosecond Nd:YVO4
laser is presented. It consists of a combination of a laser direct write technique for fabricating the
microlens followed of a thermal treatment in a muffle furnace for reshaping and improving the
morphological qualities of the generated microlens. The proposed technique allows us to obtain
microlenses with a diameter of 50 µm and depth of 3.5 µm. The main challenge of this work is the
improvement of the optical and surface quality besides an important reduction on damage at glass
surface generated during laser ablation. A decrease of the roughness average generated after
laser ablation, of two orders of magnitude reaching values of the order of the unprocessed glass,
has been obtained thanks to the posterior thermal treatment.
31
19. Parabolic-like refractive index profile active GRIN materials by laser zone melting
method
Paper AOP100-133
Author(s): Ana I. Gómez-Varela, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Isabel de Francisco,
Univ. de Zaragoza (Spain); Francisco Rey-Garcia, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain), Univ.
de Zaragoza (Spain); Maria Rute Ferreira, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Paulo S. André, Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal); Carmen Bao-Varela, Maria Teresa Flores-Arias, Univ. de Santiago
de Compostela (Spain); Germán de la Fuente, Univ. de Zaragoza (Spain)
Active GRIN rod lenses, described by both complex gradient parameter and parabolic refractive
index profile, are a suitable solution for laser beam shaping purposes. This study is the first step
towards preparation of these active GRIN materials by gradually doping commercial silica rods with
different inorganic compounds based on oxides and/or carbonates mixtures with the Laser Zone
Melting (LZM) technique. Sample preparation was carried out coating the rods using a sol-gel
process, formulated with the active precursors. The coated samples were then placed onto a
rotational platform moving at a constant speed and perpendicularly irradiated with a CO2 laser.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was
used to morphologically and chemically characterize the rods. The results indicate that axial and
gradual introduction of the different dopants were obtained and that the dopants penetration depth
into the glasses varies with the chemical compound used. Besides, the ellipsometric
measurements performed show that a gradient of refractive index profile from the surface to the
centre of the rod was promoted.
20. The European BEACON project: scalable and low-power microwave photonics for
flexible, terabit telecom payloads and high-speed coherent inter-satellite links
Author(s): Vanessa C. Duarte, Rogério N. Nogueira, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal);
Efstratios Kehayas, Leontios Stampoulidis, CONSTELEX Technology Enablers Ltd., Attiki
(Greece); Javad Anzalchi, EADS Astrium Ltd., Stevenage (United Kingdom); Marek Napierala,
Tomasz Nasilowski, InPhoTech Ltd., Warsaw (Poland); Rob G. Walker, Matthew F. O'Keefe, u2t
Photonics UK Ltd., Sedgefield (United Kingdom); Lars Zimmermann, IHP, Frankfurt (Oder),
(Germany).
Telecom satellites are growing impressively fast employing multiple beams to provide high speed
connectivity and broad coverage. Under exploding capacity requirements, vendors admit that a
technology and payload architecture switch is mandatory. BEACON will supply a new technology
with low-power, scalable components and high performance under harsh environment conditions,
allowing multibeam Tb/s satellites. For this purpose, three photonic technologies used in modern
terrestrial telecommunications will be combined, i.e. implementation of GaAs, Si Photonics (SiPh)
and doped photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) to deliver a new photonic payload architecture involving
power efficient microwave photonics and miniaturized optical beam-formers. The BEACON project
aims to demonstrate that the technology can scale to multi-Gb/s capacities with considerable
savings in size and power against mainstream microwave systems. Component space assessment
will guide the technology toward fully space qualified systems.
TUESDAY 27 MAY
Plenary Session II
9:00 - 9:45
Multimodal imaging with single-pixel detectors (Plenary Presentation)
Paper AOP100-139
Author(s): Jesús Láncis, Enrique Tajahuerce, Univ. Jaume I (Spain); Pedro Andrés, Univ. de
València (Spain); Vicente Durán, Pere Clemente, Univ. Jaume I (Spain)
32
The single-pixel camera leverages a scene’s compressibility to recover an image from an
undersampled series of incoherent projections. To do this, the object is sequentially illuminated
with a set of microstructured projecting patterns codified onto a spatial light modulator. In the ideal
situation, the outgoing light is collected using an integrating sphere onto a sensor without spatial
resolution. Optimization routines recover the images from fewer projections than pixels, often less
than 10%. Despite ongoing improvements in optical array detector and scanning technologies,
compressive detection strategies outperform the signal-to-noise ratio provided by pixelated sensors
as well as the limit of dwell time in scanning. During the talk we will review different compressive
imaging cameras based on the use of specialized sensors (fibre spectrometers, beam
polarimeters, … ) to add information about new physical dimensions (wavelength, polarization,
phase, ...) of the sample under scrutiny. We will also show that the single-pixel optical cameras can
overcome the fundamental limitation imposed by multiple scattering to successfully transmit
information through a turbid medium.
Session Tu.1.a
9:45 - 10:45
Limits of spectral resolution in optical measurements (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-248
Author(s): Manuel B. Marques, Univ. do Porto (Portugal), INESC Porto (Portugal)
Nowadays a crescent number of scientists relay on optical spectral measurements for their
research. The market is full of new plug-and-play equipment’s for spectral analysis that take the
fuss out of the measurements. Like with other instruments (computers, lasers, etc.) the researcher
doesn´t need any more to work with someone with a post-graduate formation on the technology to
be able to do excellent research. But, as in every instrument, there are limitations on the instrument
use that affect its precision and resolution. Currently there is in the market a large variety of
equipment for spectral measurements. They vary from the huge long focal length double pass
monochromators to the small pocket size USB connected array spectrometers. The different
configurations have different sensitivities on the light input system, light intensity, coherence,
polarization, etc. In this talk we will discuss a few of the limitations in spectral measurements that
can be found in experimental setups.
Measurement of optical phase shifts using two-wavelength reflectometry
Paper AOP100-74
Author(s): Jeffrey A. Meisner, Technical Univ. of Delft (Netherlands)
The optical phase shift in reflection or transmission is of great interest in characterizing an optical
material or component but cannot be measured directly using a macroscopic apparatus. The only
direct measurement involves the relative phase in between two polarizations using an ellipsometer
for instance. Our method directly measures the relative phase in between two harmonically related
optical frequencies. Using optical second harmonic generation, a wave at one wavelength and a
coincident wave at twice the frequency are employed. Heterodyne detection at both wavelengths
produces electronic signals which are compared at high precision to ascertain the relative optical
phases.
A numerical method for calculated spectral transmittance of wavelength filter in large band
slits
Paper AOP100-142
Author(s): Antonio G. Ferreira Junior, Raul Leone, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (Brazil)
33
This work presents a numerical method for determination of spectral transmittance minimum
wavelengths of spectrophotometric holmium oxide filter in band slits larger than 5 nm. The method
uses the measurements of holmium oxide filter spectral transmittance at 0.05nm band slit which
are weighted by a numerical slit function with full width at half maximum of 5 nm or more creating a
numerical spectral transmittance calculated for holmium oxide filter. The numerical spectral
transmittance minimum wavelengths for holmium oxide filter obtained using this method is
compared to the results obtained at Mexico National Metrology Institute up to 12 nm band slits.
Session Tu.1.b
9:45 - 10:45
Using single photons to improve fiber optic communication systems
Paper AOP100-174
Author(s): Armando N. Pinto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal);
Nuno A. Silva, Álvaro J. Almeida, Nelson J. Muga, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), Univ.
de Aveiro (Portugal)
We show how to generate, encode, transmit and detect single photons. We also show how the use
of single photons can improve fiber optic communication systems. By using single photons we can
address two of the more challenging problems that communication engineers face nowadays:
capacity and security.
A brief review on quantum bit commitment
Paper AOP100-150
Author(s): Álvaro J. Almeida, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal);
Ricardo Loura, Nikola Paunkovic, Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal), Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal); Nuno A. Silva, Nelson J. Muga, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto
de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Paulo Mateus, Paulo S. André, Instituto Superior Técnico
(Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Armando N. Pinto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal),
Quantum mechanics has proved to be useful for implementing several cryptographic schemes. In
classical cryptography, the bit commitment scheme is an important primitive. This scheme allows
Alice to commit to a bit, convince a Bob that she made her choice, and only reveal it later on. Even
though bit commitment schemes, classical or quantum, can never hope to be unconditionally
secure, one can make secure implementations based on technological limitations. A review of the
state of the art of bit commitment schemes is presented, emphasizing its main achievements and
issues. A practical quantum bit commitment scheme is also proposed.
Generation of optical cloning, steering, and splitting of optical beam by cross phase
modulation
Paper AOP100-108
Author(s): Onkar N. Verma, Tarak N. Dey, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (India)
We propose a scheme for optical cloning, steering, and splitting of a laser beam in a coherent
Raman gain medium consisted of four-level Rb atoms. The physical explanation behind these
novel phenomena lies within a nonlinear effect of spatial cross phase modulation (XPM). By this
procedure the phase of a weak probe beam is perturbed by a co-propagating strong pump beam.
To demonstrate optical cloning, we choose a Laguerre-Gaussian charge 3 doughnut shaped pump
beam and a single Gaussian mode of probe beam. We first study the spatial variation of probe's
susceptibility which is directly proportional to pump beam intensity. We found that at blue detuned
probe, the doughnut shaped pump creates spatial inhomogeneity in probe’s refractive index which
increases in annulus region and decreases in core region of pump. This structure where core has
34
lower refractive index than cladding, acts as an anti-waveguide for probe beam propagation in
contrast to waveguide. Therefore, in an anti-waveguide the probe beam is guided out from core
region to cladding and transmitted with an identical profile to that of pump beam. We next show
that when pump beam is a single mode Gaussian profile, the spatially dependent refractive index of
the medium results in steering of Gaussian probe beam provided the center of two beams overlap
only partially at z=0. We also show that the spatial effects of induced phase modulation due to two
Gaussian modes profile of an intense pump beam can result in splitting of a Gaussian probe beam
which was situated initially at the center between two modes of pump beam. Our developments
might be useful in optical imaging, beam steering, and optical switching techniques.
Photon-pair generation in lossy waveguides
Paper AOP100-32
Author(s): Nuno A. Silva, Armando N. Pinto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto de
Integrated quantum optical devices for generation of correlated photon-pairs are a key element in
the field of quantum information science, in particular for quantum key distribution applications. The
photon-pairs can be used to implement heralded single photon-sources, or entangled photon
sources. Nevertheless, efficient generation of photon-pairs inside of optical waveguides over short
distances demands high values of nonlinear parameter. However, waveguides with high values of
nonlinear parameter usually tends to present high values of loss, and a non-null second-order
dispersion coefficient. In this work we present a theoretical model that takes into account the
impact of waveguide linear loss in the generation of photon-pairs through the spontaneous
fourwave mixing process. Moreover, we also include in the theoretical model the Raman scattering
that occurs inside the waveguide, and inevitably accompanies the four-wave mixing process during
the generation of the photon-pairs. The Raman scattering generates uncorrelated photons, and
tends to degrade the quality of the correlated photon-pair source. Results indicate that, the
bandwidth over which we can efficiently generate correlated photon-pairs is limited by both the
phase-matching condition and the Raman scattering process. Results also show that, the presence
of a high value of loss coefficient leads to a significant decrease of the individual signal and idler
photon fluxes. Nevertheless, findings shows that, in a non-negligible loss regime
being the loss coefficient and L the waveguide length, the presence of the loss coefficient tends to
improve the degree of correlation between the photon-pairs generated inside the waveguide.
Coffee Break
10:45 - 11:15
Session Tu.2.a
11:15 - 12:30
High-resolution methods for the extraction of multiple displacement components in
holographic moiré (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-53
Author(s): Pramod Rastogi, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland); Abhijit Patil,
GE Global Research (India)
The information about the displacement and strain is encoded, respectively, in the phase, and its
associative derivatives, of a fringe pattern. The potential of holographic interferometry in
deformation analysis has however failed to fully express itself due to its incapacity in addressing
the challenges involved in determining simultaneously multiple components of displacement and
strain. Specifically, the applicability of the state-of-the-art optical methods for multi-dimensional
deformation measurements is strongly limited by their reliance on sequential operations and
complex experimental configurations. Hence, it is essential to develop vastly more targeted ways to
35
address this issue. This has primarily lead to research focused on understanding and implementing
processes needed for supporting information embedded in multi-wave holographic interferometers.
This talk presents an overview of estimation techniques based on spectral decomposition that have
been proposed by the authors to address the problem, and summarizes various aspects based on
accuracy and data frames.
A technique for the reconstruction of a map of continuous curves from interference fringes
Paper AOP100-43
Author(s): Paulius Palevicius, Minvydas Ragulskis, Giedrius Janušas, Arvydas Palevicius, Kaunas
Univ. of Technology (Lithuania)
A technique for the reconstruction of the contour map from fringe patterns which comprises
standard image processing techniques and a scheme for reconstruction of the map of continuous
curves from the binary matrix of pixels representing fringe centers is proposed. The approach of
image division into grid cells is taken and such problems as derivation of approximate line
equations in each cell using Hough transformation, grouping contacting cells into curves and
interpolation between curves with fractures are solved. The functionality of this approach is
demonstrated for a demanding optical image containing fractures and noise.
Use of laser speckle and entropy computation to segment images of diffuse objects with
longitudinal motion
Paper AOP100-46
Author(s): Pedro G. Vaz, Tânia Pereira, Diana Capela, Luís Requicha, Carlos Correia, Univ. de
Coimbra (Portugal); Anne Humeau-Heurtier, Univ. d'Angers (France); João Cardoso, Univ. de
Coimbra (Portugal)
A system using laser speckle effect is proposed tosegmente images reflecting vibration movements
of diffuse targets. Longitudinal movements are difficult to identify when simple imaging systems are
used. The proposed system produces a two dimensional segmentation of the target and it is
sensitive to longitudinal movements. The speckleeffect, produced when coherent light is reflected
and interferes when hiting rpught surfaces, can be used in order to accomplish this purpose. A
pattern with high and low intensity spots is observed depending on the illuminated scene. In our
optical system, two silicone membranes are illuminated using a beam expanded laser source and
their patterns are recorded using a video camera. One of the membranes experiences a
longitudinal controlled movement while the remaining scene is still. Speckle data is processed
using a temporal gradient and a regional entropy computation. This method produces a binary
individual pixel classification. Four sets of parameters have been tested for the entropy
computation and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to
select the best one. The selected set-up achieved a ROC value of 0.9879. A data set with
12different menbrane velocities was used to define the threshold that maximizes the classifier
accuracy. This threshold was applied to a validation data-set composed by 4 sinusoidal
movements with distinct velocities. The accuracy of this technique has achieved values between
92% and 97%. The results show that the target was accurately identified with the optical noncontact apparatus and the developed algorithm.
Analysis of miscalibration errors
Paper AOP100-207
Author(s): Marta Miranda, Benito Vazquez-Dorrio, Univ. de Vigo (Spain)
Modulator miscalibrations are the main source of systematic and random errors in an
interferometric configuration. The known phase shifting algorithms can be used to carry out a
previous calibration process of the modulator in order to detect phase shift errors or the presence
of undesired harmonics in the irradiance values. This analysis can be made in a qualitative way in
the Fourier space or in a quantitative manner by means a linearization process. This
36
characterization is the key step to choose the more insensitive algorithm or to design new
algorithms that provide better resolution and repeatability.
Session Tu.2.b
11:15 - 12:30
Design of opto-electro-mechanical frequency tuning mechanisms for WDM filterbanks in
SOI platforms (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-149
Author(s): Hossam Shoman, Marcus S. Dahlem, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
(United Arab Emirates)
In this paper, we show previous work on reconfigurable WDM filterbanks on SOI platforms, and
study a novel planar opto-mechanical configuration for controlling the resonant frequency of a
microring resonator through evanescent field perturbation, using a suspended lateral silicon
cantilever. The optical performance is evaluated through FDTD computations, for wavelengths
between 1440-1680 nm. The effects of both lateral gap size and vertical displacement of the
cantilever are studied. The vertical displacement of the cantilever can be controlled by electrical
actuation, and the fabrication can be integrated into a standard SOI process.
Investigation of PPSLT waveguides for applications in optical communication systems
Paper AOP100-169
Author(s): Andre A. Albuquerque, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Benjamin J. Puttnam,
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (Japan); Junji Hirohashi, Oxide
Corp. (Japan); Miguel V. Drummond, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Satoshi Shinada,
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (Japan); Rogerio N. Nogueira,
Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Naoya Wada, National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology (Japan)
In this work we investigate the performance of annealed proton-exchanged (APE) waveguides in
periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPSLT), designed for high power applications for
optical signal processing in the C-band. Two different APE-PPSLT chips with length of 3.5 cm were
characterized, each comprising 50 different waveguides produced with different mask widths for
the proton-exchange process, varying from 9.5 to 14 µm, and with different poling periods, ranging
from 21 to 21.4 µm.
The performance of the APE-PPSLT waveguides was evaluated by measuring the normalized
conversion efficiency for second harmonic generation (SHG), the total insertion losses, the quasi
phase-matching (QPM) wavelength and phase-matching detuning curves. We verified that the
mask width for the proton exchange process is a critical factor that influences all the measured
parameters, whereas only the QPM wavelength is influenced by the poling period.
We also compared the efficiency and SHG power of the PPSLT devices with an APE periodically
poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. Although the power of the second harmonic wave
generated in the APE-PPLN was more than 20 dB higher than in the APE-PPSLT, the APE-PPLN
suffered from photorefractive issues and strong deleterious green light emission, which were not
observed in the APE-PPSLT chips. The phase-matching detuning curves suggest that the
homogeneity of the APE-PPSLT waveguides can still be improved, which will enhance the
efficiency of the devices, making it comparable to that of the PPLN devices.
Advanced optical modulation and format conversion
Paper AOP100-31
Author(s): Rogerio P. Dionisio, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), Instituto Politécnico de
Castelo Branco (Portugal); António L. Teixeira, Rogério N. Nogueira, Instituto de
37
Over the years, the increased search and exchange of information lead to an increase of traffic
intensity in todays optical communication networks. Coherent communications, using the amplitude
and phase of the signal, reappears as one of the transmission techniques to increase the spectral
efficiency and throughput of optical channels. In this context, this work present a study on format
conversion of modulated signals using MZI-SOAs, based exclusively on all- optical techniques
through wavelength conversion. This approach, when applied in interconnection nodes between
optical networks with different bit rates and modulation formats, allow a better efficiency and
scalability of the network.
All-optical modulation format conversion from OOK to DP-QPSK based on fiber nonlinearity
Paper AOP100-154
Author(s): Vanessa C. Duarte, Miguel V. Drummond, Rogério N. Nogueira, Instituto de
In this paper we propose and demonstrate by simulation a novel all-optical modulation format
conversion from non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) at 10 Gb/s to dual-polarization
quadrature-phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) at 20 Gb/s by cross phase modulation (XPM) in a
polarization-maintaining highly nonlinear fiber (PM-HNLF). We also studied the impact of some
impairments in the conversion of the signal such as amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and
nonlinear fiber length, and analyze its performance based on error vector magnitude (EVM) for
different rates.
Session Tu.2.c
11:15 - 12:30
Location: Room S. Pedro III
Solid-state lighting Mexican regulation: A technical overview (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-140
Author(s): Eric Rosas, Ctr. de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C. (Mexico)
This invited talk discusses the several techical aspects to be addressed in Mexico when issuing the
energy efficient consumption oriented regulation for solid-state lighting products; among which
some performance and quality parameters still need to be defined and standardized, such as
chromatic appearance, luminous flux, luminous efficacy, etc.
Pulsed laser deposition of Cu/Zn coatings through a mobile prisms set-up
Paper AOP100-25
Author(s): Ferran Cambronero, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Francisco Rey-García,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain), Univ. de Santiago de Compostela
(Spain); Carmen Bao-Varela, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Ruth Lahoz, Univ. de
Zaragoza (Spain); Luis Alberto Angurel, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain);
Luis Carlos Estepa, Germán F. de la Fuente, Univ. de Zaragoza (Spain)
This work presents a PLD process based on a mobile double prism configuration in which the laser
beam of a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YVO4 laser (Powerline E, Rofin) emitting at fundamental
wavelength is focused through two prisms into a brass target placed inside a vacuum chamber.
The second prism is located on a micrometric platform to maintain the focal distance during
processing. The microstructure of the coatings obtained on the substrate placed parallel were
studied by SEM, AFM and confocal microscopy. Spectroscopy and electrical measurements were
performed, in addition to the study of their chemical degradation as a function of time.
High-power high-brightness solar laser approach for renewable Mg recovery from MgO
Paper AOP100-87
Author(s): Joana Almeida, Dawei Liang, Univ. Nova de Lisboa (Portugal)
38
Hydrogen and heat energy from the reaction of magnesium with water can be used for engines and
fuel cells. However, at least 4000 K is necessary for magnesium oxide reduction. Ultra high
brightness solar-pumped lasers become essential to make this renewable process technology
efficient and economically competitive. 2.3 mg/kJ solar laser - induced magnesium production
efficiency has been achieved by T. Yabe et al., in 2012, by focusing a 53 W solar laser beam on a
mixture of MgO with Si as reducing agent. This result is however far from the 12.1 mg/kJ attained
with 2 kW/mm2 CO2 laser beam. To improve substantially the solar laser - induced Mg production
efficiency, a simple high-power, high-brightness Nd:YAG solar laser pumping approach is
proposed. The solar radiation is both collected and concentrated by four Fresnel lenses, and
redirected towards a Nd:YAG laser head by four plane folding mirrors. A fused-silica secondary
concentrator is used to compress the highly concentrated solar radiation to a laser rod. Optimum
pumping conditions and laser resonator parameters are found through ZEMAX© and LASCAD©
numerical analysis. High-record solar laser beam brightness figure of merit - defined as the ratio
between laser power and the product of Mx2 and My2 - of 9.6 W is numerically achieved, being five
times higher than the previous record and 1500 times more than that of the most powerful Nd:YAG
solar laser. 4900 W/mm2 is numerically achieved at its focal region, which can double the
magnesium production efficiency with clean energy.
Lunch Break
12:30 - 14:00
Plenary Session III
14:00 - 14:45
Imaging in the eye: Applications to restoring its focusing ability (Plenary Presentation)
Paper AOP100-245
Author(s): Susana Marcos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain)
The eye is a fascinating optical system, which projects images of the world onto the retina. The
crystalline lens in the young eye focuses images far and near, but this capability is lost with age (a
condition known as presbyopia). Novel imaging technologies allow increase understanding of the
structural and geometrical properties of the ocular components, the crystalline lens in particular. In
particular, techniques such as quantitative 3D optical coherence tomography allow measuring
crystalline lens shape, gradient index and dynamic structural changes of the accommodating lens.
Also wavefront sensing allows dynamic measurement of the retinal image quality. A sound
understanding of the mechanisms of accommodation, facilitated by the new technology, is critical
to propose new alternatives for correction of presbyopia, including accommodating intraocular
lenses that mimic the mechanism of the young crystalline lens. New technologies also open the
possibility of testing performance of new corrections for presbyopia, such as multifocal lenses,
before these lenses are prescribed to the patient, or even manufactured. Adaptive optics
Technologies, which measure, correct and manipulate the aberrations of the eye, and
Simultaneous Vision Simulator instruments allow projection of manipulated images on the retina.
Measuring of visual performance and visual perception to multifocal images and understanding the
relative contribution of optical degradation and neural adaptation, facilitated by this technology, is
critical to the improvement of current multifocal corrections. Imaging Technologies in the eye are
therefore key in improving vision in the aging patient, and ultimately restoring the focusing ability
lost with age.
39
Session Tu.3.a
14:45 - 16:00
Prevalence of ametropia in subjects with intellectual disabilities (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-194
Author(s): António M. G. Baptista, Univ. do Minho (Portugal); Filipa A. D. Oliveira, Clinical Practice
(Portugal); António F. Macedo, Univ. do Minho (Portugal); Pedro M. Serra, Univ. da Beira Interior
(Portugal)
Purpose: Assessing the prevalence of refractive errors and eye health problem in athletes with
intellectual disabilities.
Method: This retrospective study used the visual screening data of 134 athletes who participated in
the Portuguese edition of the Special Olympics. Of these subjects, 51 participated in 2009 edition
and the remaining 83 in 2012. The age range was from 9 to 65 years and of both genders.
Results: Refractive error was found in 43.5% of the subjects. Colour vision anomaly was detected
in 12.0% of the women and 21.9% of the men. In terms of eye health, the main findings were
conjunctival hyperemia and cataracts, respectively in 11.2% and 4.5% of the subjects.
Conclusion: The main cause for visual loss in this type of population derived from uncorrected
refractive errors, which is solved with eyeglasses. Furthermore, the ocular health problems were
frequent. A considerable number of the previous situations could be quickly identified by a visual
screening.
Construction and validation of a Shack-Hartmann type aberrometer
Paper AOP100-195
Author(s): Luis Gabriel Valdivieso González, José Gustavo Ramirez Zavaleta, Estela López
Olazagasti, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (Mexico); Sandra Eloisa Balderas
Mata, Univ. de Guadalajara (Mexico); Eduardo Tepichín Rodríguez, Instituto Nacional de
Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (Mexico)
One of the most used techniques for measuring the optical aberrations of the human eye is the socalled Shack-Hartmann aberrometer. In this paper, a compact experimental setup is presented for
the acquisition of in vivo human eye aberrations. This experimental aberrometer system will be
used as the adaptive optics (AO) arm of a flood illuminating system. The experimental results of the
eye aberrations acquisition using our proposed system are presented and compared with the irx3
commercial aberrometer, probing the validity of our system. Also, we present the preliminary
results of the capture of the fundus of a model eye.
Personalized pseudophakic model
Paper AOP100-24
Author(s): Filomena Ribeiro, Hospital da Luz (Portugal), Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon
(Portugal), Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal); Antonio Castanheira-Dinis, Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal); Joao
M. Dias, Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal)
A personalized pseudophakic optical model incorporating all optical aberrations was designed to be
used with ray tracing software. The model was tested on the refractive evaluation of 50
pseudophakic eyes and on IOL power calculation in the case of cataract surgery in 105 eyes who
had previously undergone LASIK. The developed model, that uses individual biometric values,
allows for a precise refractive assessment, being a valuable clinical tool for accurate IOL power
calculation, including in conditions to which population averages and the commonly used
regression correction factors do not apply, thus achieving the goals of being personalized and
universally applicable.
40
An automated tool for tear film distribution maps
Paper AOP100-112
Author(s): Beatriz Remeseiro, Manuel G. Penedo, Univ. da Coruña (Spain); Carlos García-Resúa,
Eva Yebra-Pimentel, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Dry eye is a symptomatic disease which affects a wide range of population. It can be diagnosed
through the evaluation of the interference patterns of the tear film lipid layer, and their classification
into one of the Guillon categories. The classification into these five patterns is a difficult clinical
task. Therefore, the development of a computerized method is highly desirable, relieving the
experts from this tedious task. The automatic tool presented here allows optometrists to create tear
film distribution maps, which provide a detailed information about the localization and size of the
patterns over the tear film.
Detection of spontaneous eye-gestural reactions during an audiometric evaluation
Paper AOP100-132
Author(s): A. Fernández, M. G. Penedo, J. Doncel, VARPA Group. University of A Coruña (Spain); C.
Vázquez, L. M. Gigirey, Dual Sensory Loss Unit. University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
The impact of hearing loss on active aging makes necessary to conduct regular hearing checks. In
the geriatric patient, the audiometric evaluation becomes more complex due to possible
pathologies or difficulties in the patient-audiologist interaction, specially when cognitive impairment
exists. However, unconscious eye-gestural reaction can be observed in patients with “special
needs”. A fully-automatic computer-driven system has been developed to analyze video sequences
of recorded hearing test sessions. The system analyzes changes in the eye region as a response
to sound in order to corroborate the hearing thresholds. To that end, the system needs to detect
the specific moments when the auditory stimuli are sent. Simultaneously, the eye region
movements are also automatically detected and characterized by the application of computer vision
techniques. The gestures and the stimuli are then correlated so that the system is able to establish
the presence of a spontaneous and significant reaction when no patient collaboration exits. Initial
results point out that significant movements are detected, obtaining a total agreement between the
system and the expert in the detection of eye-based spontaneous reactions. Further studies are
necessary to corroborate these results, since it is difficult to obtain video sequences from these
specific group of patients, anyway the methodology aims to be very helpful in the evaluation of
patients when low evaluation exists.
Session Tu.3.b
14:45 – 16:00
What can you do with optics and photonics in data centers? (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-75
Author(s): Moisés R. N. Ribeiro, Gilmar Vassoler, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil)
Most of today's Internet traffic is bound to be processed/served by a group of CPUs sitting in a data
center. What the ordinary Internet users ignore is the fact that those data centers are huge
warehouses (or distributed facilities) housing up to hundreds of thousands of (physical) hosts.
Interconnection (whether between chips, hosts, and geographically distributed sectors) in data
centers is a pivotal problem, and it cannot be solely addressed by electrical wiring and electronics.
This talk reviews current data center issues and looks into the future for novel interconnection
solutions leveraged by optics and photonics for tomorrow's data centers.
41
Performance investigation of energy efficient modulation formats for multi-core fibers
Paper AOP100-145
Author(s): Benjamin J. Puttnam, Ruben S. Luis, Jose-Manuel Delgado-Mendinueta, Jun
Sakaguchi, Werner Klaus, Yoshinari Awaji, Naoya Wada, National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology (Japan); Tobias Eriksson, Erik Agrell, Peter A. Andrekson, Magnus
Karlsson, Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)
Space-division-multiplexing technology has opened the prospect of using spatial channels to
increase the dimensionality of modulation formats at significantly higher baud rates than timeinterleaved schemes. Previously in single-core fibers, the number of orthogonal dimensions has
been increased by splitting symbol periods into multiple slots, called pulse-position modulation
(PPM) or by using optical frequencies. In PPM, the presence or absence of light in one or more
slots is used to encode data, which may also be encoded in quaternary-amplitude modulation
(QAM) symbols in each illuminated slot. High dimension formats have been shown to enable power
efficient modulation with most studies focussing on improving sensitivity and power efficiency.
However, implementing position modulation in the spatial domain can also reduce the average
power in each fiber core and potentially enable energy savings at the transmitter and optical
amplifiers but lower average optical power may also reduce the impact of fiber nonlinearities along
the transmission link, potentially increasing the transmission distance.
Here, we investigate the performance of such core-coded formats. We replace time or frequency
slots by cores of a multi-core fiber and allow a variable number of lit cores to code additional bits.
We show that, compared to sending the equivalent QAM symbol in each core and/or polarization,
this approach can produce some advantages. However, experiments reveal that the need to detect
the intensity modulated signal envelope results in an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalty.
Finally, we discuss implementation problems and the possibility of reducing or eliminating the
measured OSNR penalties.
Optimal launch power prediction of a 100G PM-DQPSK dispersion-managed link with the
Gaussian noise model
Paper AOP100-153
Author(s): Telmo P. Almeida, Miguel V. Drummond, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal);
Natasa B. Pavlović, Coriant GmbG (Portugal); Paulo S. André, Rogério N. Nogueira, Instituto de
In this paper, we validate the first results comparing the performance in both accuracy and
simulation time of the GN model simulating a realistic DM scenario that relies on periodical spans
of non-dispersion shifted fiber (NDSF) to perform the dispersion compensation. The same realistic
scenarios were modeled with commercial software and the GN model. The objective was to predict
the optimal launch power for different link lengths, central wavelengths and channel spacing
values. Preliminary results obtained with the GN model are in good agreement with the ones from
the commercial software for several link distances tested up to 2400 Km.
Analysis and simulation of ring resonators for slow and fast light devices applications
Paper AOP100-138
Author(s): Hamidreza Khashei, Hassan Kaatuzian, Amirkabir Univ. of Technology (Iran, Islamic
Republic of)
In this paper we demonstrate, how fast and slow light phenomena in ring resonator can
simultaneously be observed at a single frequency, using strongly coupled ring resonators. We also
report on the design of a ring resonator with SOI technology that operate in optical wavelength 1.55
micron and have (one micro-ring) a factor for fast light ~22 ps and a factor for slow light ~12 ps with
bandwidth ~100GHz with mixing angle (θ) 30 degrees, however depended on mixing angle and
number of rings. We simulate one micro-ring and extend our result to more micro-ring.
42
16:00 - 17:00
Session Tu.4.a
17:00 - 18:00
Visual imagery without visual perception? Lessons from blind subjects (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-240
Author(s): Helder Bertolo, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra (Portugal)
The question regarding visual imagery and visual perception remains an open issue. Many studies
have tried to understand if the two processes share the same mechanisms or if they are
independent, using different neural substrates. Most research has been directed towards the need
of activation of primary visual areas during imagery. Here we review some of the works providing
evidence for both claims. It seems that studying visual imagery in blind subjects can be used as a
way of answering some of those questions, namely if it is possible to have visual imagery without
visual perception. We present results from the work of our group using visual activation in dreams
and its relation with EEG’s spectral components, showing that congenitally blind have visual
contents in their dreams and are able to draw them; furthermore their Visual Activation Index is
negatively correlated with EEG alpha power. This study supports the hypothesis that it is possible
to have visual imagery without visual experience.
Computerized tool for an automatic break-up assessment
Paper AOP100-158
Author(s): Lucía Ramos, Noelia Barreira, José María Molinelli, Univ. da Coruña (Spain); Hugo
Pena-Verdeal, María Jesús Giráldez, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
The Dry Eye Syndrome is a common disorder of the tear film which affects a significant sector of
the population, impacting on the quality of life. The tear film assessment is essential for dry eye
characterization. The Break-Up Time test (BUT) is a widely used measure to evaluate the quality
and stability of the tear film on the ocular surface. This work presents a fully automatic tool for
break-up assessment in tear film videos. This evaluation includes the BUT measurement
computation as well as a quantitative and qualitative analysis based on location, size, shape, and
evolution of the break-up areas.
Exposure time and illuminance effect on photostress recovery time
Paper AOP100-236
Author(s): Raul A. Sousa, Ana C. Silva, Vânia Fernandes, Clinical Practice (Portugal); Juan Arroyo,
Consultant (Portugal); António F. Macedo, António M. G. Baptista, Univ. do Minho (Portugal)
Purpose.
To evaluate the effect of variations in exposure time (experiment 1) and illuminance (experiment 2)
on Photostress Recovery Time (PSRT), measured in healthy subjects and using a direct
ophthalmoscope. Methods.
Experiment 1, 86 participants were divided in three age groups according with their age. 18-24
years: 44 young-adults; 25-44 years: 26 adults; 45-59 years: 16 older-adults. PSRT was
determined for exposure times of 25, 30, and 35 seconds whilst the illuminance was kept constant
at 500 lux.
Experiment 2, 60 participants were divided using the same age range criteria as in experiment 1
and were allocated accordingly: 41 young-adults, 12 adults and 7 older-adults. The exposure time
was kept constant at 30 seconds and PSRT was tested at 300, 500 and 800 lux.
Results.
43
PSRT were (mean±SD) 38.7±2.2, 40.1±2.2 and 40.7±2.2 seconds, for 25, 30 and 35 seconds,
respectively. There was no significant statistical difference for each time of exposure (p=0.348).
PSRT were (mean±SD) 36.1±2.2, 35.5±2.7 and 39.1±2.6 seconds of 300, 500 and 800 lux,
respectively. The difference between PSRT for the three illuminances was statiscally significant
(p=0.046).
Conclusions.
PSRT is not influenced by variation in exposures of plus or minus 5 seconds. However, illuminance
variation can cause significant changes in PSRT determination.
Computerized tool for automatic retinal layer identification in OCT images
Paper AOP100-131
Author(s): Ana Gonzalez, Marcos Ortega, Jose M. Barja, Univ. da Coruña (Spain); Pablo Charlón,
Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Ophthalmologists use Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images to diagnose diseases, since
they allow to identify retinal morphology effectively. Retinal layers provide information of disease
pathogenesis and several indicators can be extracted from them. Therefore, delimiting these layers
is essential as first step for any automatic application for medical-support. This work presents a
computerized tool to segment boundaries of some retinal layers, based on image processing
techniques. Results provided by this method are compared with delimitation made by an expert.,
showing that this automatic method segments boundaries of retinal layers successfully. Besides
that, it can be extrapolated to detect more layers.
Session Tu.4.b
17:00 - 18:00
Optical glass fiber tips for photonic micro-sensor systems (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-13
Author(s): Jörg Bierlich, Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V. (Germany); Marta S. Ferreira,
INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Martin Becker, Kay Schuster, Sonja Unger,
Jens Kobelke, Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V. (Germany); José L. Santos, Orlando
Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ. do Porto (Portugal)
The miniaturization of optical sensor systems and the technical implementation using substructured fiber tips allow novel sensor designs. The production of complex photonic
microstructures at the end or on the inside of the fiber was performed using chemical etching
processes. The profiling of fiber tips was achieved through different etch rates that depend on the
type of treatment and the doping characteristic of the fiber. Based on etched microcavities with
embedded fiber tips high-sensitivity Fabry-Perot temperature sensors were prepared. Furthermore,
highly sensitive strain sensors were fabricated by the combination of etched glass fiber tips with
FBG-based fiber laser resonators.
Label free biosensors based on long period gratings coated with sol-gel high refractive
index overlays
Paper AOP100-191
Author(s): Raquel B. Queirós, Carlos Gouveia, INESC TEC (Portugal); Sunirmal Jana, Central
Glass and Ceramics Research Institute (India); Palas Biswas, Central Glass and Ceramic
Research Institute (India); Susanta Berad, Somnath Bandyopadhyay, Central Glass and Ceramics
Research Institute (India)
In the biological and chemical sensors fields there is a need for the use of high refractive index
(HRI) overlays coated onto long period grating (LPG) to increase the sensitivity of the system [1,2].
In this work a HRI layer was design and developed based on sol-gel chemistry using a zinc oxide-
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zirconium dioxide (ZnO-ZrO2) solution. The overlays were deposited on top of LPGs fabricated by
arc-electric technique by drag-coating technique with different withdrawal speeds. The coated
fibers were submitted to a thermal treatment process which consisted of cured at room temperature
for 8h, followed by 2 h in air oven at 400 ºC to get oxide coatings. This annealing treatment
overcomes either the thermal sensitivity of the device as well as the possibility to work in harsh
conditions and also allows the dope of the coating material with a chemically sensitive substance,
opening the possibility of having a high sensitive chemical/biological sensor. The refractive index of
the coated overlays is expected to be around 1.78 RIU. The sensitivity of the 6th and 7th order
modes were studied in coated and uncoated LPGs with HRI layers. The surface of the fibres were
modified using silane chemistry for the proper immobilization of the biological material onto the
fibres. The results obtained indicate that for both mth order cladding modes studied, the sensitivity
of the LPGs coated with HRI layers was higher than the bare LPGs. The sensitivity increase about
3 times and 2.5 times for the 6th and 7th mode order, respectively, being, for the biological range
between 1.321-1.355 and a HRI layer with 136 nm, of about 362 ± 8 nm/RIU for the 6th mode and
717 ± 21 nm/RIU for the 7th. The system was then validated with a well-known biological model
system, thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) for the detection of thrombin. The potential and feasibility
of the use of sol-gel based HRI layers to increase the sensitivity of LPGs was demonstrated as well
as its viability to use in biosensors.
Plastic optical fibre sensor for Madeira wine monitoring
Paper AOP100-30
Author(s): Catarina Novo, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Lúcia Bilro, Instituto de Telecomunicações
(Portugal); Nélia J. Alberto, Paulo Antunes, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), Univ. de
Aveiro (Portugal); Rogério N. Nogueira, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); João Lemos
Pinto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de
Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro (Portugal)
Madeira wine is a fortified wine produced in Madeira Island, Portugal. Appreciated all over the
world due to its very own characteristics, it is so robust that even after opening its quality is still
preserved. As result of its marked flavour, this wine is usually served as an aperitif or dessert,
presenting a high alcoholic content (17-22%). Their characteristics are strongly influenced by the
winemaking method used that includes a step, typical and unique of the Madeira wine, called
estufagem. This process consists on heating the wine up to 55 ºC for at least 3 months. The
monitoring of Madeira wine estufagem process can contribute to a better knowledge of the Madeira
ageing process, important to enologists and winemakers and to preserve its characteristics.
Therefore, in this work a plastic optical fibre sensor was designed specifically for the incorporation
in the pilot scale facility of estufagem installed in Madeira University (Portugal). It is constituted by
four measurements cells with four specific wavelengths and the working principle is based on
measuring the transmitted optical power through the cavity where the wine is flowing. The
response of the sensor was tested towards colour and refractive index showing a good
performance, being the Madeira wine also analysed. The proposed sensor can be a useful tool to
provide information about the phenomena occurring during the estufagem process, allowing the
adoption of the correct actions, in real time, in order to predict and detect the deviations of the
ageing process and to prevent financial loss.
Posters Session Tu.P
16:00 - 17:00
45
1. Parametric impairments analysis of all-optical format conversion techniques with a MZISOA
Paper AOP100-51
Author(s): Rogerio P. Dionisio, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), Instituto Politécnico de
Castelo Branco (Portugal); Rogério N. Nogueira, António L. Teixeira, Instituto de
This paper proposes a new methodology for the generation of quadrature amplitude modulation
signals, based on all-optical processing from nonlinear interferometric devices. The degradation of
the system’s performance is numerically analyzed, as a function of operational parameter's
unbalance and physical impairments of the system. The results shows that the probe laser power
and the coupling factor of optical couplers are the most sensitive parameters of the proposed
format conversion system.
2. Free space optical communications for ultra high-capacity PON systems
Paper AOP100-180
Author(s): Ali Shahpari, Artur Sousa, Ricardo Ferreira, Mario Lima, António L. Teixeira, Instituto de
We experimentally demonstrate several ultra-dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (UDWDM)
free space passive optical networks (PONs). Transmission capabilities of coherent UDWDM-PON
scenarios (16x1.25 Gb/s QPSK spaced by 3.125 GHz , 12 x 10 Gb/s Nyquist- shaped 16-QAM
spaced by 5 GHz and 10 x 8.75 Gb/s OFDM spaced by 6 GHz) over 40 km standard single mode
fiber and indoor/outdoor free space optics (FSO) are presented in terms of receiver sensitivity.
These experimental results show that UDWDM-PON is a promising solution for future access
network deployments since it is robust enough to work with FSO.
3. Controlled multi-filamentation in fused silica with a spatial light modulator
Paper AOP100-120
Author(s): Jorge Pérez Vizcaíno, Univ. Jaume I (Spain); Rocio Borrego-Varillas, Univ. Jaume I
(Spain), Univ. de Salmanca (Spain); Omel Mendoza-Yero, Gladys Minguez-Vega, Univ. Jaume I
(Spain); Javier R. Vazquez de Aldana, Univ. de Salamanca (Spain); Jesús Láncis, Univ. Jaume I
(Spain)
We report on deterministic multi-filamentation (MF) in fused silica under femtosecond illumination
(30 fs, centered at Ȝ0=800 nm, 1Khz repetition rate). For this purpose we encode a diffractive
microlens array into a phase only spatial light modulator (SLM).
Filamentation of near infrared femtosecond pulses can eventually give rise to an extreme spectral
broadening, termed supercontinuum (SC) generation. If the beam power exceeds about more than
10 times the energy needed to generate a single filament, modulation instability can cause several
co-propagating filaments, thus entering into the MF regime. However, this is a random process and
no control over the energy, spectral content or position of the filaments is achieved.
In this way, we encode a microlens array into a SLM, each microlens generating an individual
filament. We demonstrate a precise control of the spectrum of the generated SC light by changing
the focal length of the microlenses. The focalization efficiency can be individually addressed, and
so the energy coupled to each filament is also controlled. This is of interest when dealing with
inhomogeneous beams for MF using a microlens array.
The results of these investigations can be useful in applications which demand for homogenized
MF patterns and/or spectral tunability, including femtosecond laser inscription, tumor treatment or
time-resolved spectroscopy.
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4. Ultrashort pulse characterization based on fiber-FROG
Paper AOP100-35
Author(s): Edgar A. Wright, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal);
Margarida Facão, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Gil M. Fernandes, Armando N. Pinto, Univ. de Aveiro
(Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
We report our FROG (frequency resolved optical gating) setup for characterization of ultrashort
optical pulses, based on cross phase modulation (XPM) between two orthogonal polarizations that
propagate in a dispersion-shifted fibre. We characterized the pulse output from an erbium doped
fibre laser; the pulse characteristics were retrieved from the FROG-trace using code based on the
method of generalized projections. The ultrashort pulse was then launched in a highly nonlinear
fibre in order to generate a supercontinuum, which was also spectrally and temporally
characterized.
5. Power transfer on multicore fibers with long-period gratings
Paper AOP100-127
Author(s): Ana M. Rocha, Rogério N. Nogueira, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal);
Margarida Facão, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
Space division multiplexing (SDM) over multi-core fiber (MCF) has been demonstrated as an
attractive technology to overcome the capacity limit of the current optical communication system.
One key element to the SDM systems is the integration of optical amplifiers. To increase the pump
efficiency and reduce cost is fundamental to use only one pump source to amplify all the cores. In
this paper, we proposed to use identical parallel long-period gratings written in the multicore fiber to
distribute and share the single pump source by all the cores.
We analyzed theoretically the power transfer between cores in identical long-period gratings (LPG)
written in multicore fibers. Using the couple mode theory we arrived to simple analytical expression
that describing the coupling between the cores and calculated the mode powers evolution. The
light is launched into one core, close to the resonant wavelength, the LPGs first couples the light
from the guided mode to the cladding mode and then to the secondary cores guided modes. It was
demonstrated that the LPGs transmission spectra for the different cores may be calculated using
the simple coupled mode expressions and overlapping the transmission spectra for different
cladding modes. In addition, we demonstrated that the power transfer among cores may be
controlled by a proper grating design.
6. Fiber optic components for optical communications and sensing
Paper AOP100-8
Time: 16:00 - 17:00
Author(s): Carlos A. F. Marques, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações
(Portugal)
In the last years, the Optoelectronics has been established as a top field of research able to drive
towards new technological solutions. The abundant achievements in the field of optics as well in
optical communications have been of great importance and triggered a number of innovations.
Among the large group of existing optical components, optical fiber components are mainly
relevant due to three factors: their simplicity, their nature as an optical fiber based component and
the capability of optical fiber to carry information. In this thesis the focus was on one of these
optical components: optical fiber gratings, which have unique optical processing properties and are
quiteinteresting for the development of devices for optical communications and sensing
applications. The work started with a theoretical analysis applied to fiber gratings and continues
with the most used fiber gratings production methods. The inscription of fiber gratings was also
addressed in this work, where an automated inscription setup has been implemented for silica
fiber, and experimental results showed a good approximation to the simulation study. Also, the
inscription setup for gratings in polymer optical fiber was developed. A detailed analysis of the
acousto-optic modulation in fiber gratings in silica and polymer optical fiber was presented. By
47
means of a detailed analysis of the mechanical excitation modes applied to the modulator set, it
was noticed that two predominant modes of acoustic excitation can be found in the optical fiber
depending on the applied acoustic frequency. Through this characterization, it was possible to
develop new applications. Studies and implementation of different devices based on fiber gratings
were performed, using acousto-optic effect and regeneration process in optical fiber for photonic
applications.
7. Conversion gain improvement of HBT-optoelectronic mixers using structural design
alteration of device
Paper AOP100-68
Author(s): Elahe Rastegar Pashaki, Hassan Kaatuzian, Hamed Ghodsi, Amirkabir Univ. of
Technology (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
In this paper we’ll try to improve conversion gain of an integrated opto-electronic mixer, based on
InP/InGaAs hetero junction bipolar transistors in both single and cascode configurations. For this
purpose we’ll use a hybrid-Pi model, extracted from physical parameters of HBT transistors. For
verification of our results and calibration of software simulator, at first, we compared our simulation
results with empirically reported experiments for a prefabricated HBT-OEM sample. Then we
examine the simulator on our modified proposed HBT to prove its better gain performance.
8. Towards a simple low-cost do-it-yourself functional NIRS platform
Paper AOP100-198
Author(s): André R. Queirós, Univ. Nova de Lisboa (Portugal), Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal); José L.
Ferreira, Univ. Nova de Lisboa (Portugal); Hugo A. Ferreira, Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal)
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are devices that measure brain activity and translate it to
commands for communication and control of computers, and other devices. During a particular
task, such as hand grasping, blood oxygen levels change locally over the activated cortex. These
changes can be measured by near-infrared infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). So far, most functional
NIRS (fNIRS) devices have been only available to research institutions and hospitals due to their
cost. Inspired by the do-it-yourself movement we have developed an approach for a simple, lowcost fNIRS-based BCI platform.
A headband setup was developed, comprised of the NIRS sensor: 940nm and 660nm LEDs and
corresponding phototransistors; an electronics board for filtering, gain and offset control; and two
9V batteries for power supply. Data were acquired via an Arduino Uno microcontroller using a
48Hz-sampling rate. Arduino control was done using LabVIEW. Data processing, visualization and
calculation of blood concentrations of oxy- and desoxyhemoglobin were done using MATLAB. The
system was calibrated using a clinical pulse oximeter with 10 healthy subjects. Finally, the system
was tested by placing the headband NIRS sensor over the right motor cortex of 10 healthy subjects
and using a functional block paradigm of 10s rest + 10s left hand grasping for a total of 2min
acquisition.
The fNIRS platform was able to measure concentration changes in oxy- and desoxyhemoglobin
due to motor activity. Results suggest that this approach could lead to an affordable device for use
by patients and also by healthy subjects, for instance in gaming applications.
9. Real-time upper-body human pose estimation from depth data using Kalman filter for
simulator
Paper AOP100-227
Author(s): Dongjin Lee, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Korea, Republic
of)
In recent years, many studies show that an indoor horse riding exercise has a positive effect on
promoting health and diet. However, if a rider has an incorrect posture, it will be the cause of back
pain. In spite of this problem, there is only few research on analyzing rider's posture. Therefore, the
purpose of this study is to estimate a rider pose from a depth image using the Asus's Xtion sensor
48
in real time. The proposed rider pose estimation algorithm is divided into two steps: body part
segmentation and joint estimation. In the rider segmentation step, body parts were segmented
based on the floodfill algorithm starting from a head point (i.e. seed point). In the joint estimation
step, K-Cosine corner detection algorithm was used to estimate both shoulder points and a
heuristic approach is utilized for finding the other two points (head and waist). Then, Kalman filter
was used to update the estimated joint positions. In the experiments, we show the performance of
our pose estimation algorithm in order to comparing the results between our joint estimation
algorithm and ground truth data.
10. Optimum eye aberration estimators
Paper AOP100-56
Author(s): Salvador Bará, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Eliseo Pailos, C/ Doctor
Moragas, A Coruña (Spain); Justo Arines, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Eye aberrations are usually estimated by a least-squares fit of the Zernike expansion to the
measured aberration slopes. This estimation approach is a sensible choice in the absence of prior
knowledge about the statistics of the aberrations in the population, but it is clearly suboptimal from
a theoretical viewpoint when this information is available. If the statistics of the aberrations and
noise are known it is possible to formulate a minimum variance estimator that should perform better
than the classical least-squares one. In this communication we develop this optimum linear
estimator for wavefront slope aberrometers, assessing its performance and evaluating its sensitivity
against errors in the assumed prior statistics.
11. Optics activity for hospitalized children
Paper AOP100-60
Author(s): Ana Gargallo Fernandez, Ana I. Gómez-Varela, Héctor González-Nuñez, Tamara
Delgado García, Citlalli Almaguer, Ferran Cambronero, Ángel García-Sánchez, Maria Teresa
Flores-Arias, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
USC-OSA is a student chapter located in the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) whose
objective is to bring optics and photonics knowledge closer to the non-optics community. One of
the most important activities developed last year was
Funny Light, carried out at the Hospital School. This activity consisted in a visit of some USC-OSA
members to the School of the Hospital Complex of Santiago (CHUS) where we organized several
optics experiments with hospitalized children. There was a diverse group of boys and girls of
different ages and pathologies so the experiments had to be adapted to their physical conditions
with the aim of everyone could participate. Children built their own kaleidoscope to understand
reflections of light and made a chromatic disk to feel how white light is compound of colors.
Besides, they also participate in a demonstration and explanation of color properties and optical
illusions. In this work we explain adapted experiments and children reactions to them. We think this
activity has several benefits including spreading Optics through children meanwhile they have fun
and forget their illness for a while. We want to make of this event a routine activity of USC-OSA
student chapter repeating it every year.
12. Contact lenses fitting teaching: Learning improvement with monitor visualization of
webcam video recordings
Paper AOP100-134
Author(s): Ana Gargallo Fernandez, Justo Arines, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
The students of the Degree in Optics and Optometry usually find some difficulties in the contact
lenses training, especially for Slit lamp exploration and evaluation of the fitting. Quantification of
contact lens movement and the technique of push up cannot be understood without a correct
visualization of it. In this context slit lamps with associated cameras are very helpful, they allow
teachers to observe and control if the students evaluate the eye health appropriately, to correct
handling defects and also to show the students how to do the eye examination and the contact lens
49
fitting evaluation on real time with a visual demonstration. In the Faculty of Optics and Optometry in
the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain), we have adapted webcams (Microsoft
Lifecam HD-5000) to the objectives of two different slit lamp models .The webcams were
connected to a PC running Ubuntu (Linux), therefore that is a low-cost device. With this solution we
took pictures and videos with good quality, of different conditions of the eye health, we recorded
videos of eye examination and made demonstrations of instrument handling. We showed the
routing of evaluation of contact lens fitting, and recorded the final practice exam of the subject for
visualization with the student. The video system increases also the interactions between students
because they could see what their colleagues are doing and take conscious of their mistakes,
helping and correcting each others. We think that the proposed system is a low cost solution for
supporting the training in contact lens fitting practice.
13. Point diffraction interferometry of spherical fish lenses: Changes in aberrations with
lens position
Paper AOP100-71
Author(s): Ana Gargallo Fernandez, Justo Arines, Eva Acosta, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela
(Spain)
It is generally assumed that teleost fish lenses are spherically symmetrical. Our purpose is to
evaluate this symmetry by means of point diffraction interferometry (PDI) which is an accurately
technique to evaluate optical elements with high order aberrations as eye lenses. Several sea
bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) lenses were evaluated in vitro with PDI, they were laid over a ring
inside a glass cell filled with Medium 199. Measurements were performed for different positions of
the lens, from a position with equatorial plane orthogonally to optical axis of the system to a
position with equatorial plane quasi-parallel with optical axis. Based on the assumption of a
spherically symmetrical sharp and refractive index they should yield radially-symmetric
interferograms regardless of their position. With PDI measurements we are able to test visually and
numerically this assumption. We found that only when the fish lens is positioned with ecuatorial
plane orthogonally to the optical axis of the system show a spherical symmetry. This technique
allows quantify the deviation from the spherical symmetry commonly assumed for teleost fish
lenses.
14. Hartmann-Shack Synthetic Aperture Wavefront Sensor (HS-SAWS): Performance
dependence on monolithic microlens array arrangement
Paper AOP100-118
Author(s): Justo Arines, Salvador Bará, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Eliseo Pailos,
Rua Doutor Moragas (Spain)
In this work we study the influence of the microlens array arrangement on the performance of
Hartmann-Shack Synthetic Aperture Wavefront Sensors (HS-SAWS). This approach provides a
better strategy for estimating the aberrations from several series of wavefront slope measurements
than the conventional procedure of averaging the Zernike coefficients.The HS-SAWS forms an
expanded set of measurements and treats them as if they had been collected by a denser
microlens array in one single series. Here, we analyze and compare the performance of the HSSAWS and the method of modal coefficient averaging for different microlens array arrangements.
Their performance is assessed with the mean squared wavefront reconstruction error. We focused
our attention on the case of eye aberrometry as an example of application. Our results show
moderate dependence of the HS-SAWS performance on the microlens arrangement and a better
performance of the HS-SAWS with respect to the averaging method.
15. Automatic walking guide system for the blind
Paper AOP100-234
Author(s): HoSub Yoon, JaeHong Kim, Myung-Ae Chung, Electronics and Telecommunications
Research Institute (Korea, Republic of)
50
In this paper, we present a walking guidance system for the visually impaired people at the subway
stations, bus stations and footways. The proposed walking guidance system mainly consists of
three systems. 1) subway direction guide system; 2) bus number guide system; 3) footway
direction guide system; Subway guide system automatically detects and recognizes several signs
and numbers such as restroom, elevator, ticket office, etc. and exit numbers.
16. Hyphenated GC-FTIR and GC-MS techniques applied in the analysis of bioactive
compounds
Paper AOP100-209
Author(s): Steluta Gosav, Nicoleta Paduraru, Mirela Praisler, Dunarea de Jos Univ. (Romania)
The drugs of abuse, which affect human nature and cause numerous crimes, have become a
serious problem throughout the world. There are hundreds of possible amphetamine analogues,
consisting of various alterations of the basic amphetamine structure. Although they retain or slightly
modify the hallucinogenic effects of parent compound, their variety makes their identification quite
difficult. A number of analytical procedures for the identification of amphetamines and their
analogues have recently been reported. We are presenting two hyphenated techniques very used
in the identification of illicit amphetamines i. e. gas chromatography combined with mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with Fourier transform infrared
spectrometry (GC-FTIR). The infrared spectra of analyzed hallucinogenic amphetamines present
some absorption bands (1490 cm-1, 1245 cm-1 şi 940 cm-1) very stable as position and shape
while their intensity depends of the substitute from the lateral chain. The specific ionic fragment of
studied hallucinogenic compounds is the 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl cation (m/e = 135) which has a
small relative abundance (lesser than 20%). The complementarity of used techniques in the
identification of hallucinogenic compounds is presented.
17. FEM simulation and experimental determination of the temperature profile of
nanoparticles excited by laser radiation
Paper AOP100-202
Author(s): Nuno Rodrigues, Univ. do Porto (Portugal), INESC Porto (Portugal); João M. Coelho,
Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal); Carla C. Rosa, Univ. do Porto (Portugal), INESC Porto (Portugal)
The temperature profile of a solution of nanoparticles (NPs), irradiated by a laser beam, was
simulated using the COMSOL software. The extinction coefficients of the considered cells were
approximated to a solution of Gold NPs embedded in water, making possible to compare the
simulation and the experimental data considering a pulsed laser interacting with a solution of CdSe
quantum dots. The absorption spectrum was used to correlate the shift of the peak absorption with
the temperature in different points in the solution. An analysis is made regarding the potential of
locally affecting cancerous cells without affecting adjacent healthy cells.
18. Surface modification induced by UV nanosecond Nd:YVO4 laser structuring on
biometals
Paper AOP100-183
Author(s): M. Paula Fiorucci, Univ. da Coruña (Spain); Ana Jesús López, Univ. da Coruña (Spain);
Alberto Ramil, Univ. da Coruña (Spain)
Laser surface texturing is a promising tool for improve metallic biomaterial performance in dental
and orthopedic bone-replacing applications. Laser ablation modifies the topography of bulk material
and might alter surface properties that govern the interactions of the material with the surrounding
tissue. This paper presents an evaluation of surface modification in typical implant material,
stainless steel 316L and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, by means of UV nanosecond Nd:YVO4 laser
surface texturing of parallel micro-grooves. Scanning electron microscopy observation reveals that
exits a heat affected zone produced during nanosecond ablation nevertheless is confined to less
than 2.5 µm, forming a remelted layer along groove topography. The change in surface chemistry
was determinated by energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
51
analysis. Beside generalized surface oxidation, information about oxide type and other compounds
such hydroxyl groups were given. En case of titanium alloy, laser treatment produced an oxide
layer mainly composed by TiO2 which is highly biocompatible compound. Furthermore, it produced
an increase in oxide thickness that could improve corrosion behavior of material. X-ray diffraction
measurement demonstrated that a grain refinement of original crystal structure and induced
residual strain was resulted after texturing. Laser treatment led to a secondary phases formation
that might have a detrimental effect over physical and biocompatibility properties of biometals.
These results support the implementation of the UV nanosecond laser treatment as a relevant tool
in precise implant texturing.
19. Structural and vibrational characterisation of novel flavanones
Paper AOP100-210
Author(s): Steluta Gosav, Dunarea de Jos Univ. (Romania); Dan Maftei, Univ. Alexandru Ioan Cuza
(Romania); Nicoleta Paduraru, Dunarea de Jos Univ. (Romania); Mihail Lucian Birsa, Univ.
Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania); Mirela Praisler, Dunarea de Jos Univ. (Romania)
The aim of this work is to characterize some new flavanone [1] by vibrational spectroscopy in
conjunction with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, in order to establish their structures
and electronic properties. Quantum mechanical calculations of energies, geometries and
vibrational wavenumbers in the ground state were carried out using hybrid functional B3LYP
(Becke three parameter hybrid functional combined with Lee–Yang–Parr correlation functional) with
6-311G(d,p) as basis set. Theoretical vibrational spectra of studied compounds were interpreted by
means of potential energies distributions (PEDs) using VEDA program. On the basis of agreement
between the calculated and experimental results, assignments of the vibrational modes of studied
flavanones were examined. In order to investigate the chemical potential of studied flavanones we
have computed some molecular descriptors which characterize the interactions which appear
between the compounds and biological receptors. [1] L.G. Bahrin, P.G. Jones and H. Hopf,
Tricyclic flavonoids with 1,3-dithiolium substructure, Beilstein J Org Chem. 8 (2012) 1999–2003.
20. Laser induced heating of PMMA microspheres for remote drug release: a FEM
simulation model
Paper AOP100-91
Author(s): Henrique Vilhena, Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal), Glasgow Caledonian Univ. (United
Kingdom); João M. Coelho, José M. Rebordão, Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal)
We present a model in which PMMA spherical microstructures embedded with a light absorbing
dye show to attain the phase transition temperature necessary for the release of the drug contained
in its polymeric matrix into the surrounding medium. By numerically solving the heat diffusion
equation and considering a Gaussian near infrared source it is shown that heating is mostly
confined to the particle although limited heat transfer occurs out into the surrounding medium. The
influence of different operational parameters is analysed. Based on the results, we elaborate on the
experimental implementation of this kind of remotely operated drug delivery systems.
21. Reflection of light: a teaching and learning experience with primary school children
Paper AOP100-204
Author(s): Manuel F. M. Costa, Cátia Abreu, Paulo Varela, Univ. do Minho (Portugal)
The Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE) approach, although addressed in the curricula of
various countries and suggested by some international organizations, continues to have a very low
expression in the teaching practices of the majority of primary school teachers and preschool
educators. At this point, several continuing professional development courses (CPD) for teachers
and preschool educators have been organized, in the city of Braga – Portugal, with the aim of
encouraging these educational professionals to build a specific knowledge for teaching and
promoting this approach to science teaching with their children. The training course’s methodology,
takes a similar process to the recommended practice for teaching/learning with children. As part of
52
this educational process, teachers and educators put into practice, with their students, the
knowledge developed in the context of training, in order to become aware of the virtues of IBSE
approach to children's learning. To achieve this, several lesson plans of the activities were
available, and address various contents of the sciences curricula. This poster is based on the
implementation of one activity "Reflection of Light", which looks to the process of teaching and
learning promoted in a class of 3rd year, by a teacher who was one of the participants in the
training course. This analysis focuses on a class diary, organized by the teacher, and based on
fieldnotes and audio recordings of the class. The analysis of this case reveals that the teacher, in
training, promoted a good learning opportunity by incorporating the IBSE approach to children’s
learning in sciences. Overall, children also developed relevant learnings about the contents of the
activity explored in the classroom.
22. Why do shadows change length? An IBSE approach with primary school children
Paper AOP100-208
Author(s): Manuel F. M. Costa, Paulo Varela, Silvana Noversa, Univ. do Minho (Portugal)
This poster results from a pedagogical intervention project carried out at a primary school in the
district of Braga - Portugal. The intervention took place in a class of the 3rd year, composed by 16
students, and it incorporated the practice of Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE), addressing
the curricular topic “Light and Shadows”. Various experimental activities about some of the factors
that might influence the length of the shadows were implemented in the classroom, during a total of
10 hours spread over 4 lessons. At the end of each lesson, were elaborated class diaries descriptive and reflective narratives based on audio recorded and fieldnotes - made during
participant observation in the context of the classroom. This poster is based in the analysis of these
diaries, and pretends to analyze the process of teaching and learning occurred in the classroom.
The results of an evaluation test showed that children achieved meaningful results related with
some of the factors that influence the length of the shadows.
WEDNESDAY 28 MAY
Plenary Session IV
9:00 - 9:45
Fiber optic parametric amplifiers: Characteristics and applications (Plenary Presentation)
Paper AOP100-249
Author(s): Peter A. Andrekson, Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)
A review of nonlinear optical fiber based parametric amplifiers is provided. Basic principles will be
outlined and fundamental performance characteristics, such as gain, bandwidth, and saturation
properties, will be discussed. Their implementation in both phase-insensitive mode and phasesensitive mode of operation will be highlighted. Various actual and potential applications, such as
high bandwidth optical sampling and atto-Joule switching will be discussed. In particular, our recent
results showing their potential use as amplifiers in optical fiber communication systems, resulting in
significant link performance improvement is discussed. This includes both noise improvement due
to the very small noise figure, and also mitigation of transmission fiber nonlinear impairments due
to all-optical coherent superposition.
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Session We.1
9:45 - 10:45
Collective effects in absorption and emission of light in ensembles of nanocrystal quantum
dot (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-206
Author(s): Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy, Univ. do Minho (Portugal)
Several collective effects occurring in different structures made of nanocrystal QDs and affecting
their light emission and absorption properties shall be discussed: (i) up-converted
photoluminescence observed in colloidal solutions of QDs, (ii) non-radiative (Főrster-type) resonant
energy transfer in nanocrystal dendrites of fractal dimension, and (iii) resonant electromagnetic
coupling of excitons confined in QDs to surface plasmons in a layered structure composed of
semiconductor nanocrystals (QDs) deposited on a metal substrate. Theoretical considerations and
modelling results explaining available experimental data will be presented.
Investigation of plasmonic luminescent down shifting layers for the enhancement of solar
cell efficiency
Paper AOP100-235
Author(s): Hind Ahmed, John Doran, Sarah J. McCormack, Dublin Institute of Technology (Ireland)
Luminescent Down-Shifting (LDS) is an optical approach to increase a solar cell’s spectral
response by using luminescent materials to convert high energy photons to lower energy before
the interaction with the solar cells occurs. LDS using quantum dots (QDs) suffer from luminescence
quenching at higher QDs concentration, known as “self-absorption”. The downshifted photons are
re-absorbed by QDs within the down shifting layer this is a function of optical path length,
concentration, and Stoke's shift.
A novel approach is proposed to utilize metal nanoparticles with the objective of counteracting
these optical loss mechanisms. In this investigation, plasmonic coupling between quantum dots
and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been exploited and shows significant enhancement in
absorption and fluorescence emission of quantum dots LDS layers. First, the optimum quantum dot
concentration in a poly(methyl,methacrylate) polymer of 100 µm thickness to form luminescent
down shifting layers is established. Subsequently, plasmonic coupling with Ag NPs is introduced
and optimum plasmonic coupling for the same thickness (100 µm) has been determined. The
plasmonic interaction is manipulated through spacing between the quantum dots and Ag NPs and
of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequency of Ag NPs. The spacing is controlled by the
relative concentration distribution of quantum dots and Ag NPs. The SPR resonance is determined
by controlling the size and shape of the Ag NPs. Then the optimum QDs/Ag NPs layers are
deposited in top of organic cells. Electrical characterization of the organic cells with and without the
QDs/Ag NPs down shifting layers is presented.
Intermolecular interactions in ternary solutions of some 1,2,4-triazolium ylids studied by
spectral means
Paper AOP100-172
Author(s): Valentina Closca, Nicoleta Puica Melniciuc, Carmen Zelinschi, Dana O. Dorohoi,
Mihaela L. Ivan, Univ. Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania)
Triazolium ylids are dipolar molecules with separated charges in their ground electronic state; the
positive charge is located on one Nitrogen atom of heterocycle and the negative charge is located
near the ylid carbanion. The ICT from the carbanion to heterocycle gives a visible electronic
absorption band, very sensitive to the solvent nature. Its position in the wavenumber scale offers
information about the intermolecular interactions in which the ylid molecules are engaged. The
spectral study revealed the presence of both universal and specific interactions in solutions of
1,2,4-triazolium ylids with protic solvents. By choosing adequate binary solvents, the contribution of
54
the specific interaction of the weak hydrogen bond between the –OH atomic group and the ylid
carbanion can be estimated. Ternary Solution of the studied ylids achieved with Ethanol +Benzene,
Water + Ethanol and 1,3 Propane diol + Formamide binary solvents are analyzed from spectral
point of view and the difference between the potential energies in molecular pairs of the types
hydroxyl solvent-ylid and non-protic solvent ylid were estimated on the basis of the statistic cell
model of ternary solutions.
Session SEONS I
9:45 - 10:45
Sensors based on recycled optical fibers destroyed by the catastrophic fuse effect (Invited
Paper)
Paper AOP100-21
Author(s): Paulo S. Brito André, Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações
(Portugal); Paulo Antunes, Fátima Domingues, Nélia J. Alberto, Instituto de Telecomunicações
(Portugal), Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Ana R. Frias, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Maria Rute
Ferreira, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), CICECO (Portugal)
We propose a cost effective solution to obtain optical fibers sensors, based on micro cavity
produced by the recycling of optical fibers destroyed through the catastrophic fuse effect. This
technique considerably reduces the production costs, making the manufacturing apparatus
affordable and with smaller experimental complexity. We present the application of these sensors
in the monitoring of several parameters, such as temperature, stain, refractive index and pressure.
Optical sensing: Fiber structures and interrogation techniques
Paper AOP100-231
Author(s): Joel P. Carvalho, INESC TEC (Portugal)
The following work fits within a broad field that goes from the optical fiber based sensing head
concept and its development, to the optoelectronic interrogation techniques applied to quantify in
an adequate way the measurements. Standard and microstructured optical fibers were used as the
basis of the developed sensing heads. In all cases, the fundamental objective was to research and
develop optical fiber based sensing structures and interrogation approaches looking for the buildup
of sensing systems with the potential of being implemented in several areas, mainly in the context
of environmental monitoring.
Slab waveguide sensors using anisotropic negative index materials
Paper AOP100-193
Author(s): Sofyan A. Taya, Islamic Univ. of Gaza (Palestinian Territory, Occupied)
In this work, a symmetric three-layer slab waveguide with air core layer and negative index material
(NIM) claddings is investigated for optical sensing applications. The NIM is assumed to lossy,
dispersive, and anisotropic. The proposed structure is considered to contain the analyte in the film
region that supports the oscillating field. Due to the strong concentration of the guided wave in the
analyte medium, the proposed device exhibits unusual sensitivity improvement. Moreover, the
results showed that the sensitivity is dramatically enhanced by increasing the mode order of the
guided field.
Coffee Break
10:45 - 11:15
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Session We.2.a
11:15 - 12:30
Light pollution: Why should we care? (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-101
Author(s): Salvador Bará, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
The historical development of lighting technologies has been characterized by what evolution
theorists call 'punctuated equilibrium': a succession of long periods of stable development followed
by short periods of rapid change when key technological breakthroughs give rise to new lighting
paradigms. Nowadays with the massive deployment of LED-based solid state lighting systems the
illumination field is undergoing one of such accelerated transformation events. In parallel, a
growing body of research has unveiled some of the complex interactions between the daily cycles
of light and dark and the regulating mechanisms of individuals, populations and ecosystems,
including humans. This communication addresses some of the challenges that this new situation
poses for the development of sustainable lighting systems.
Study of repeatability of an optical laser system for characterization of the paper fiber
distribution and mass density
Paper AOP100-59
Author(s): António de Oliveira Mendes, Paulo T. Fiadeiro, Ana Costa, Maria Amaral, Univ. da Beira
Interior (Portugal); Mohamed Belgacem, Grenoble INP - Pagora (France)
This work addresses the study of repeatability of an optical laser system, previously designed and
implemented by our research team for the characterization of the fiber distribution and mass
density of paper samples. In previous work, this system was used to analyze two paper samples
extracted from paper sheets with different characteristics. One was extracted from an anisotropic
paper sheet with a lower mean apparent density, and the other was extracted from an isotropic
paper sheet with a higher mean apparent density. Both paper samples were laser scanned by the
system considering 36 regions (points), on a 6×6 configuration in both horizontal and vertical
directions. After compilation and processing of the acquired data, the obtained results allowed the
assessment of both fiber distribution and mass density locally and globally, for the two considered
paper samples. In the current work, our concern lies now on a new experiment to be performed
with the system for collection of results regarding its repeatability capabilities. For a matter of
consistency and also to test two very different cases, the same paper samples that have been used
in our previous work were selected to carry out the experiment, which consisted on the analysis of
both samples 16 times (4 times per day in 4 different days). The acquired data were then
processed and the results of both samples were collected and organized for their corresponding
analysis, allowing to conclude that the optical system is accurate and precise.
A new method to determine the optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) of transparent crystalline
layers
Paper AOP100-175
Author(s): Dana O. Dorohoi, Dan D. Dimitriu, Univ. Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania); Irina Cosutchi,
Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry (Romania); Iuliana Breaban, Univ. Alexandru
Ioan Cuza (Romania)
The channeled spectra of optically active crystalline layers (quartz of Maramures was used in our
experiments) were recorded and the difference between the refractive indices of the crystal for
circularly polarized radiations to left and to right, respectively, has been computed by using the
conditions of the minima and maxima of intensity. The theory of the phenomena determining the
channeled spectra is presented. The optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) of quartz is estimated in the
visible range. The quartz ORD decreases when the wavelength of radiation increases (from blue to
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red). This kind of measurements is important for industry of optical devices working in polarized
light.
Top lateral refraction and reflection of polarized light in lenses
Paper AOP100-57
Author(s): Lázaro J. Miranda Díaz, Ctr. de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (Cuba)
When linearly polarized light impinging on a lens, it will reflect and refract along the lines curves
resulting from the interception of a plane (plane of polarization) with a sphere (lens surface)
maintaining the orientation of refraction and reflection within the plane of polarization. This effect is
significant only looking at the lens laterally. Therefore, a lens acts as a lateral analyzer when the
polarization plane of polarized light incident on the lens is rotated. Following this principle that in
the spherical surface of a lens fit n circles of radius r, where n is inversely proportional to r, and
each circle is a lens itself. Then if a beam of light is shined in one of these areas, the phenomenon
is expressed lateral side and diametrically opposite to where the incident linearly polarized light, the
lens acting as a waveguide for the light beam polarized.
Session SEONS II
11:15 - 12:30
Optical fiber sensors for refractive index measurement (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-63
Author(s): Susana Silva, INESC Porto (Portugal); Orlando Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ.
do Porto (Portugal)
Over the years, optical fiber based-refractometric sensors have been extensively studied and
indeed they have shown to be a promising and attractive technology for chemical and
biotechnological applications. Several distinct layouts have been proposed in recent years, either
relying on non-conventional configurations and/or novel concepts, and even fibers with distinct
geometries, which opened new paths to refractometric sensors.
This work presents optical fiber sensors developed for local assessment of chemical parameters in
gaseous environments. Two distinct configurations based on Fabry-Perot interferometry and
microstructured fibers were subject of research. A Fabry-Perot interferometer was developed and
aimed at the detection of different gaseous environments, namely N2, CO2 and O2, by means of
gas pressure variation. In a different perspective, an all-fiber in-line Michelson interferometer based
on a microstructured fiber tip was developed for detection of the evaporation process of acetone.
Optical fiber sensors for monitoring CO in carbon sequestration applications
Paper AOP100-137
Author(s): Luis B. Melo, Geoff Burton, Stephen Warwick, Peter Wild, Univ. of Victoria (Canada)
2
The utilization of fiber optic sensors (FOS) to monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) in carbon sequestration
applications is presented. Carbon sequestration consists of capture CO2 from major emission
facilities and its subsequent storage over long periods of time. The downside of carbon
sequestration is the possibility of long-term CO2 leakage from the storage sites. Therefore, the
development of reliable technology for monitoring CO2 will play an important role in this
application. Long period gratings and Mach-Zehnder interferometers for monitoring CO2 based on
the SRI change are investigated in this work.
57
Colorimetric dCO sensor interrogated with a frequency modulated dual-wavelength system
Paper AOP100-196
Author(s): Carlos de Jesus Gouveia, INESC Porto (Portugal); Katalyn Balogh, Univ. of Pécs
(Hungary); Raquel B. Queiros, INESC Porto (Portugal); Barna Kovacs, Univ. of Pécs (Hungary);
Pedro A. S. Jorge, INESC Porto (Portugal)
2
Real time determination of chemical parameters is an important issue in diverse fields ranging from
environment, food industry and biomedicine. For instance, in aquaculture systems, the level of
dCO2 is an important issue for fish health and development. The use of a sensitive material, based
on the absorption changes of an indicator dye in the presence of the dCO2 is one of the most
common approaches. However, an important constrain of absorption based measurements is the
power drift caused by the interference of the ambient light, the optical power losses related with
fiber bent, alignment, among others. Intensity based systems generally are un-expensive, but for a
reliable measurement a referencing method is needed. In this work, a fiber optic based system for
dCO2 is presented. The system consists on a polymeric sensitive layer based on the acid-base
equilibrium of phenol and of its derivative p-nitro-phenol combined fiber optic probe together with a
measurement unit based on the frequency modulation of a dual-wavelength LED. One of the
wavelengths was chosen within range of the absorption of the sensing layer (~ 430 nm) and the
second one in a longer wavelength (~ 530 nm). Each wavelength is modulated at a certain
frequency, allowing in the signal processing stage, after filtering, to recover both signals. Thus two
carriers are generated in which the amplitude of one of them varies with variations in the absorption
due to the dCO2 and the other one remains unaltered and is used as a reference. The noise
introduced by ambient light disappears, since the DC component is eliminated, meanwhile the
power loss arising from fiber bent, misalignments or LED intensity fluctuations affects both signals
and is cancelled out. The system was tested allowing a minimum measureable change of 2 ppm of
dCO2, showing its great potential for aquaculture applications.
Remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide with a random modulated CW lidar based
on monolithic master-oscillator power amplifier
Paper AOP100-156
Author(s): José Manuel Garcia Tijero, Ignacio Esquivias, Antonio Consoli, Univ. Politécnica de
Madrid (Spain); Mathieu Quatrevalet, Gerhard Ehret, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
e.V. (Germany); Xiao Ai, John Rarity, Univ. of Bristol (United Kingdom); Michel Krakowski, Mickael
Faugeron, III-V Lab. (France); Gerd Kochem, Martin Traub, Fraunhofer-Institut für Lasertechnik
(Germany); Juan Barbero, Demetrio Lopez, Alter Technology Tüv Nord S.A.U (Spain)
We present the design of an all-semiconductor laser source for an Integrated Path Differential
Absorption (IPDA) lidar system for the measurement of atmospheric CO2. The source consists of
two InGaAsP/InP monolithic Master Oscillator Power Amplifiers (MOPAs), providing the ON and
OFF wavelengths. Each MOPA consists of a frequency stabilized Distributed Feedback (DFB)
master oscillator, a modulator section, and a tapered amplifier. The DFB emission is tuned and
stabilized by an offset locking technique. The complete system architecture as well as our
investigation on the spectral requirements of the source for achieving the required accuracy in CO2
concentration are also presented.
Session We.2.b
11:15 - 12:30
Intense few-cycle mid-IR sources and their application in attoscience (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-250
Author(s): M. Hemmer, M. Baudisch, B. Wolter, M. Pullen, J. Biegert, ICFO - Institut de Ciències
Fotòniques (Spain)
58
We report on a state-of-the-art mid-IR laser source nonlinearly compressed to the few-cycle
duration regime and applied to strong-field physics applications. The laser source delivers carrierenvelope phase stable, 65-fs duration optical pulses (6.5-cycle duration) with up to 3.2 W of
average output power at 160 kHz at 3.1-m wavelength. The implementation of a compact and
energy efficient solid-state nonlinear optical compressor for this laser source enables routine
delivery of 32-fs duration pulses (3-cycle duration) with up to 10 J energy at 160 kHz. This laser
source was employed to investigate molecular structures via electron diffraction imaging in a
reaction microscope.
Raman studies of tungsten yttrium tellurite glasses as high and broad gain media
Paper AOP100-182
Author(s): Manuel Pedro F. Graca, Pedro R. Prezas, J. K. Suresh, Manuel J. Soares, Univ. de
Aveiro (Portugal)
Raman gain in glasses has been actively investigated for high gain optical amplifiers [1]. Presently,
pure and doped silica glasses fibers are the major Raman gain media in the optical fiber
telecommunications [2]. However, those fibers have low and narrow Raman gain spectrum.
Tellurite glasses offer very high Raman gain comparing to silica based glasses and the gain
bandwidth can be increased by modifying the glass composition using elements such as tungstate,
phosphate or borate. In this work we report the Raman scattering properties and Raman gain of
Tungsten yttrium tellurite (TYT) glass system in function of the excitation energy, using for that
different laser lines. All the presented measurements were made at room temperature.
[1] M.D. O’Donnell, K. Richardson, R. Stolen, C. Rivero, T. Cardinal, M. Couzi, D. Furniss, A.B.
Seddon, Optical Materials 30, 946–951, (2008).
[2] Takenobu Suzuki, Teruo William Shiosaka, Shohei Miyoshi, Yasutake Ohishi, Journal of NonCrystalline Solids 357, 2702–2707, (2011).
Ultrafast demagnetization and precessional dynamics in magnetic thin films using a new
pump-probe system in the sub-10 femtosecond range
Paper AOP100-173
Author(s): Ana S. Silva, Cledson S. Gonçalves, David Navas, Helder Crespo, David S. Schmool,
Univ. do Porto (Portugal)
We have developed a state-of-the-art time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE)
apparatus for studying ultrafast magnetodynamic processes in nanostructured magnetic materials.
The study of ultrafast processes has been limited by the achievable temporal resolution, which is
defined by the pulse width. Currently, the loss of information on timescales below the pulse width is
the main limitation that needs to be overcome. The system we have built allows us to work in the
sub-10 femtosecond regime, which is far below the actual range of 40 femtoseconds typically used
by most researchers. We have designed our dual-color system starting from the ultra broadband
spectrum of our home-built state-of-the-art hollow-fibre chirped-mirror compressor. Dichroic
beamsplitting between pump and probe pulses allows us to obtain unprecedented temporal
resolution and in a dual-color configuration. The ultrafast demagnetization and precessional
dynamics in magnetic thin films, such as a 20 nm thick permalloy layer, have been studied.
A versatile fluorescence lifetime imaging system for scanning large areas with high time
and spatial resolution
Paper AOP100-214
Author(s): César Bernardo, Michael S. Belsley, Etelvina de Matos Gomes, Hugo Gonçalves, Dmitry
Isakov, Univ. do Minho (Portugal); Falk Liebold, Analytik Jena AG (Germany); Eduardo J. NunesPereira, Vladimiro Pires, Anura Samantilleke, Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy, Peter Schellenberg, Univ. do
Minho (Portugal)
We present a flexible Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging device which can be employed to scan large
sample areas with a spatial resolution that can be adjusted from many micrometers down to sub-
59
micrometers and a temporal resolution of 20 picoseconds. The system is based on a femtosecond
Ti:Sapphire mode-locking laser emitting fundamental light (700-1000nm) which can be
subsequently doubled (350-500nm) or tripled (270-330nm). Depending on the desired spatial
resolution, the laser beam is focused by a lens or a long working length microscope objective to a
fixed location while the sample is moved through the focused laser beam by a x-y stage. Compared
to a scanning laser beam this allows for distortion-free measurements of large areas. The x-y stage
is operated by two micro translation motors with minimal step size of 50nm and a scanning field of
25x25mm. The fluorescence decay curves for individual pixels are collected using the Time
Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) technique and the lifetime image is reconstructed
from these curves. A single photon detection Micro-channel plate photomultiplier (MCP) with a time
resolution of 20ps is used for detection and the signals are sampled by a Becker&Hickl SPC-150
card.
Several different applications of the system will be presented including protein microarrays
analysis, the scanning of historical samples, evaluation of the homogeneity of solar cell surfaces
and nanocrystalline organic crystals embedded in electrospun polymeric nanofibers. Energy
transfer properties within semiconductor quantum dot superstructures as well as between dye
probes and graphene layers were also investigated.
Lunch Break
12:30 - 14:00
Tutorial
14:00 - 14:45
Fiber optic biomedical sensors: Principles, trends, and applications (Invited)
Author(s): Alexis Mendez, MCH Engineering LLC (USA)
Given their EM immunity, intrinsic safety, small size & weight, autoclave compatibility and capability
to perform multi-point and multi-parameter sensing remotely, optical fibers and fiberoptic-based
sensors are seeing increased acceptance and new uses for a variety of bio-medical applications
from laser delivery systems, to disposable blood gas sensors, to intra-aortic probes. This article
will illustrate through several application and product examples some of the benefits and uses of
bio-medical fiber sensors, and what makes them such an attractive, flexible, reliable and unique
sensing solution. Key technical and industry trends will be identified along with relevant
commercial opportunities and challenges.
Short Course
14:45 - 18:00
Dihedral Fourier analysis (Invited)
Paper AOP100-171
Author(s): Marlos A. Viana, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago (United States)
The objective of this tutorial is offering an introduction to the analytic methods and applications of
Fourier analysis over the dihedral groups. The topics to be discussed include: Classical
commutative harmonic analysis and its role in optics and vision studies; Experimental results
indexed by dihedral symmetries (rotations and reversals); Dihedral orbits, arbitrariness, and orbit
invariants; Resolution of orbit arbitrariness; Dihedral representations and irreducible characters
(overview); Classical Fourier analysis and Fourier analysis over a finite group; Determination and
interpretation of the orbit invariants as Fourier transforms; Statistical and probabilistic
interpretations; Decompositions of total intensities; Canonical projections. The applications to be
discussed include: The analysis of curvature and power surfaces for vision models; Polarimetric-
60
enhanced retinal imaging methods; Dihedral polynomial methods for wave-front aberration
analysis; Visual field decompositions; Symmetry perception studies. The theory and methods of
dihedral analysis can be applied in studies of symbolic sequences in structural biology, vibrational
spectroscopy, experimental designs in statistical inference, and several other fields, so that the
tutorial is of potential interest to students and professional in physics in general, applied
mathematics (algebra in particular), and statistics. Therefore, the broader objective of the tutorial is
developing a reciprocal understanding of these disciplines (optics, algebra and statistics) leading to
an effective collaboration among scientists in these fields.
Primary References:
[1] Viana, M. Symmetry Studies, Cambridge Press, New York, NY (2005)
[2] Viana, M. and Lakhsminarayanan, V. Dihedral Fourier Analysis, Springer Lecture Notes in
Statistics No. 206, Springer, New York, NY (2013).
Session SEONS III
14:45 - 16:00
High-performance imaging using digital and analogue photonic technologies (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-239
Author(s): Tetsuya Kawanishi, Atsushi Kanno, Tien Dat Pham, Toshimasa Umezawa, National
Institute of Information and Communications Technology (Japan)
This presentation describes high-performance imaging systems using high-speed optical
modulation and detection devices, where radio-over-fibre (RoF) plays very important roles for
distribution of millimeter-wave signals with low-loss, and RoF-based high-performance imaging
systems which can be used for foreign object debris (FODs) in runways or railways. High-speed
and high-sensitivity photo-detection would be very important to achieve high-resolution imaging.
We will share our recent research results on high-speed and precise lightwave modulation, highperformance millimeter-wave band photodetectors using quantum dots.
100-Gbit/s W-band OFDM-RoF systems employing optical up-conversion strategies
Paper AOP100-164
Author(s): Maria R. Medeiros, Vitor Lopes, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Paula
Laurêncio, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), University of Algarve (Portugal)
Recently, several W-Band photonic systems, operating in the 75-100 GHz band, have been
demonstrated, employing either photonic mm-wave generation or traditional radio-over-fiber (RoF)
techniques. The objective is to develop technology able to provide 100 Gbit/s for wireless links. By
using traditional RoF, a 100 GHz RF carrier can be generated by up-conversion techniques by
means of external modulation of an optical carrier by a LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator. In
optical systems employing direct detection, upon photodetection, the mixing of the two completely
correlated optical sidebands produce a mm-wave signal with spectral linewidth only limited by the
linewidth of the RF signal that drives the MZ. In this paper we discuss a specific implementation of
W-Band RoF system, where only one sideband of a double sideband suppressed optical carrier
(DSB-SC) optical signal is modulated with high speed data using frequency division multiplexed
(OFDM) modulation. We focus on analyzing the system attainable performance, specifically we
report on the channel capacity and fiber transmission distance to achieve 100 Gbps.
Analysis and design of a 1×2 ring resonator-based plasmonic switch
Paper AOP100-7
Author(s): Hassan Kaatuzian, Mostafa Keshavarz Moazzam, Amirkabir Univ. of Technology (Iran,
Islamic Republic of)
61
Relying on the next generation chip-scale technology, Plasmonics, here is presented a novel plan
for Dielectric-Loaded Surface Plasmon Polariton-based Ring Resonator (DLSPP-RR) switching
configuration. The device is a 1x2 switch with a left-rob Y splitter in the middle of coupling region to
share the electromagnetic energy between the two straight and bend output waveguides. Like
other active devices, specially switching structures, this plan also will have the potential to be
prepared as an active device if its trapped-modes into ring resonator can be controlled on the
frequency axis. We implemented simulation of the device by means of the rigorous 3D Finite
Element Method (3D-FEM) to certificate its truly passive performance. The obtained results are
mixed as transmission spectrums of two output ports on a relatively close frequency band around
the telecommunication wavelength of λ = 1550 nm.
A note on ultra-short pulses compression in silicon optical waveguides under fourth-order
dispersion
Paper AOP100-105
Author(s): L. Mandeng Mandeng, S. Fewo Ibraid, C. Tchawoua, Univ. de Yaoundé 1 (Cameroon);
T. C. Kofané, Univ. de Yaoundé 1 (Cameroon), The Abdus Salam International Ctr. for Theoretical
Physics (Italy)
We present an overview of the pulse compression phenomenon obtained during the propagation of
ultra-short pulses in common used optical waveguides. In the case of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI)
waveguides, using the modified and realistic variational approach (MVA) that involves the
Rayleigh's dissipation function (RDF), we conduct the analysis of the compression mechanism on
different input profiles. This study allows to show the effects of fourth-order dispersion (FOD), the
nonlinear coefficients of absorption (nonlinear absorption) and the chirp, not only on symmetric and
compact pulses but also on those with asymmetric profile as the Airy pulses.
Session We.3
14:45 - 18:00
Theoretical background of pulsed laser melting in liquid for submicron spherical particle
fabrication (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-243
Author(s): Alexander Pyatenko, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(Japan)
Recently we developed a new method in which pulse laser technique permits to produce spherical
monodisperse submicron particles for wide class of materials from metals to semiconductors and
even isolators To control this process more precisely, deeper understanding of the mechanism of
particle interaction with laser beam is necessary. Particle heating-melting-evaporation model was
applied successfully for this purpose. As the result, critical values of laser fluence were calculated
for different thermo processes occur in the system. Here we show the applicability of our model,
and demonstrate the results of our calculations.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique for determination of the chemical
composition of complex inorganic materials
Paper AOP100-81
Author(s): Lukasz K. Lazarek, Arkadiusz J. Antończak, Paweł E. Kozioł, Bogusz D. Stępak, Michał
R. Wójcik, Krzysztof M. Abramski, Wroclaw Univ. of Technology (Poland)
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast, fully optical method, that needs little or no
sample preparation. In this technique qualitative and quantitative analysis is based on comparison.
Determination of composition is generally based on the construction of a calibration curve namely
the LIBS signal versus the concentration of the analyte. Typically, to calibrate the system, certified
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reference materials with known elemental composition are used. Nevertheless such samples due
to differences in the overall composition with respect to the used complex inorganic materials can
influence significantly on the accuracy. There is also some intermediate factors which can cause
imprecisions in measurements, like optical absorption, surface structure, thermal conductivity etc.
This paper presents calibration procedure prepared with especially prepared pellets from the tested
materials, which composition was previously defined. We also proposed methods of postprocessing which allowed for mitigation of the matrix effects and for a reliable and accurate
analysis. This technique was implemented for determination of trace elements in industrial copper
concentrates standardized by conventional flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). A series
of copper flotation concentrate samples were analyzed for contents of three elements, that is silver
(Ag), cobalt (Co) and vanadium (V). It has been shown that the described technique can be used to
qualitative and quantitative analyses of complex inorganic materials like copper flotation
concentrates.
Characterization of self-pulsations in a monolithic master-oscillator power amplifier
Paper AOP100-165
Author(s): Mariafernanda Vilera Suárez, Jose Manuel García Tijero, Antonio Consoli, Santiago
Aguilera, Ignacio Esquivias, Pawel Adamiec, Univ. Politécnica de Madrid (Spain)
Self pulsation (SP) regimes are experimentally investigated in a high-power monolithic masteroscillator power amplifier (MOPA) emitting at 1.5 µm. Detailed characterization of the SP
phenomenon is reported in optical and radiofrequency domains. Two main regimes of operation
are observed under steady state injection conditions: a stable regime with single mode emission at
the master oscillator frequency and an unstable regime in which the device undergoes undamped
relaxation oscillations resulting in SP emission. We interpret the SP regimes in terms of the phase
of the active optical feedback. This behavior is especially relevant for the application of integrated
MOPAs in optical communications.
16:00 - 17:00
Session SEONS IV
17:00 - 18:00
Mode coupling in few mode optical fibers (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-216
Author(s): Mourad Zghal, Univ. of Carthage (Tunisia)
In this presentation, we studied the spatial division multiplexing over few mode fibers (FMF). In
order to control modes in FMF, we have characterized high order linearly polarized (LP) modes
using the finite element method (FEM). By considering random bends in the optical fiber
waveguide, we investigate the coupling of the modes through the analysis of the power
redistribution between the co-propagating modes.
Mode conversion based on the acousto-optic effect for mode division transmission systems
Paper AOP100-113
Author(s): Gil M. Fernandes, Nelson J. Muga, Armando N. Pinto, Instituto de Telecomunicações
(Portugal), Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
Mode division multiplexing (MDM) over few-mode fibres has been proposed as an alternative to
conventional communications systems, based on single mode. Despite its higher transmission
capacities, the lack of efficient and dynamic techniques for mode conversion represents a real
bottleneck to the real implementation of such MDM systems. In this context, dynamic mode
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converters emerge as useful devices to add and drop optical signals in optical transmission
systems employing mode division multiplexing. The dynamic mode conversion between symmetric
and antisymmetric optical modes induced by acoustic flexural waves in optical microwires is
proposed. Flexural waves can be used to induce an antisymmetric refractive index perturbation in
the microwire, leading to a mode conversion between symmetric and antisymmetric, or
antisymmetric and symmetric modes. The resonant coupling between two optical modes can be
select adjusting the acoustic frequency, and consequently, the modes in which the mode
conversion occurs. On the other hand, the efficiency of the mode conversion can be controlled by
the acoustic wave amplitude. Moreover, symmetric modes can also be excited by a double
resonant coupling between a symmetric and an antisymetric mode, and between the antisymmetric
mode excited and another symmetric mode, leading to a mode conversion between symmetric
modes. In this context, parameters as the radius and the refractive index of the microwire are
analyzed in order to optimize the mode conversion between symmetric modes.
Characteristics study of multimode directional coupler by elliptical point contacts and CMT
Paper AOP100-98
Author(s): Latifah S. Supian, Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malaysia), National Defense Univ. of
Malaysia (Malaysia); Mohd Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman, Norhana Arsad, Harry Ramza, Univ.
Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malaysia)
The performance of multimode directional coupler is investigated using new technique of simplified
coupled mode theory integrated with elliptical point contacts. The performance of the directional
coupler is studied on the dependency of the fibers’ coupling lengths and distances between the two
fibers’ cores. Coupling efficiency is obtained by coupling coefficients, operating wavelength,
numerical apertures and the properties of the PMMA multimode fibers. The fibers are initially
etched at the middle sections. Both the fibers are then attached to geometrical blocks with
particular radii and the middle tapered sections are then brought into closed proximity and they are
lapped to each other. The different radii of circular blocks are used to investigate the effect of
macrobending of the fibers which will help the transfer of energy from fiber A to fiber B. A particular
amount of load F is mounted on the other side of the geometrical blocks to provide some force or
stress onto the fibers which leads to certain coupling length between the fibers. Various coupling
lengths and distances between the two cores that are given by load F will give different coupling
efficiencies. The coupling efficiency is studied analytically using coupled mode theory and the force
given by Hertz’s Law of contact mechanics. Maximum coupling obtainable, according to analytical
estimation and the method used is about 70% efficiency which gives the optimum efficiency for
multimode directional coupler. The parameters used in the study can be varied so that it can also
be used as an optical multi-switch.
Session We.4
17:00 – 18:00
The dispersion-scan technique: a new approach for the measurement and control of
ultrashort light pulses (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-251
Author(s): Helder Crespo, Univ. do Porto (Portugal)
Laser guiding in plasma waveguides created by femtosecond laser pulses
Paper AOP100-42
Author(s): Nuno R. Lemos, Univ. of California, Los Angeles (United States); Thomas Grismayer,
Luis Cardoso, Goncalo Figueira, Joao M. Dias, Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal)
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High-intensity (I >10^17 W.cm^2) and short (femtosecond pulse durations) laser guiding over
lengths greater than a centimetre is one of the key challenges for future laser-plasma accelerators
and other applications, such as x-ray lasers and harmonic generators. Nowadays the most
promising guiding schemes are based on preformed plasma waveguides and the most popular
method uses a thermally driven laser-induce plasma expansion. Until now it was thought that laser
pulses with hundreds of picoseconds were needed to heat the plasma through inverse
Bremsstrahlung creating the need to have two different laser systems for the mentioned
applications. In this work we show demonstrate that plasma waveguides produced with ultra-short
laser pulses (sub-picosecond) in gas jets are capable of guiding high intensity laser pulses. This
novel scheme has the unique ability of guiding a high-intensity laser pulse in a plasma waveguide
created by the same laser system in the very simple and stable experimental setup. A hot plasma
column was created by a femtosecond class laser that expands into an on-axis parabolic lowdensity profile suitable to act as a waveguide for high intensity laser beams.
Study of the stabilization of a semiconductor mode-lock laser using hybrid mode-lock and
optical feedback
Paper AOP100-130
Author(s): David Castro Alves, Manuel Abreu, Alexandre Cabral, José M. Rebordão, Univ. de
Lisboa (Portugal)
In this study we present a scheme for laser stabilization that narrows the RF linewidth and lowers
the timing jitter, while allowing the pulse repletion frequency (PRF) to perform a sweep. The
techniques for stabilization combine hybrid mode-locking and optical feed-back. The progress in
this technique is in the synchronization of the local oscillator with the delay line, combining the
benefits of both techniques. Performing a sweep in PRF, the synchronization circuit adjusts the
delay line to match incoming pulses with the cavity soliton.
Poster Session We.P
16:00 - 17:00
1. Detection of aromatic molecules by surface-enhanced Raman scattering on Au-Ag-C
nanoparticles
Paper AOP100-29
Author(s): Alexey Kireev, Pavel Olshin, Anastasia Povolotckaia, Alina Manshina, Alexey
Povolotskiy, Saint-Petersburg State Univ. (Russian Federation)
The most striking example of metal nanoparticles (NPs)’ properties is the Surface-Enhanced
Raman Scattering (SERS). SERS spectroscopy has experienced fast progress in the last few
decades since it was recognized as a powerful tool in many research areas such as chemistry,
surface science, spectroscopy, biomedicine, and toxin detection. Therefore, there is significant
interest in designing and optimizing of SERS-oriented substrates.
This work deals with study Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of aromatic molecules (dye
brilliant green, phenanthrene and anthracene) on the carbon-silver-gold nanoparticles. Metallic
silver-gold nanoparticles encapsulated into the carbon matrix were synthesized via laser-induced
chemical liquid phase deposition method. The obtained Au-Ag-C nanostructures were
characterized by high specifc surface area and demonstrated high sensitivity as a material for
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.The nanostructures also display plasmon resonance within
visible frequencies. The average size of nanoparticles was found to be d = (22 ± 4) nm. The drops
of solutions aromatic molecules were spilled on the substrate surface with NPs deposited at
various laser exposure times: 1, 5, 10, and 15 min. The most efficient SERS was found for the
sample with NPs deposited at 10 min laser irradiation. Also, SERS of different concentrations of
aromatic molecules on Au-Ag-C nanoparticles has been investigated. The obtained Au-Ag-C NPs
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demonstrate high SERS activity and sorption properties that makes the efficient materials for
quantitative monitoring of low concentrations of hazardous chemical substances.
2. Evaluation of polymerization shrinkage of resin cements through in vitro and in situ
experiments
Paper AOP100-84
Author(s): Ana Paula G. Franco, Leandro Z. Karam, Univ. Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil);
Camilo A. Pulido, Osnara M. Gomes, Univ. Estadual de Ponta Grossa (Brazil); Hypolito J.
Kalinowski, Univ. Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of resin cements through in vitro and in situ
experiments. The cements were handled and dispensed a portion over a mylar strip supported by a
glass plate, the FBG sensors were positioned and another portion of cement was placed. Another
mylar strip was positioned on the resin cement leaving a thickness of 1 mm between mylar strip
and cured for 40 seconds. For the in situ experiment 16 canines were selected. The teeth were
endodontically treated and prepared to receive the intracanal posts. Two Bragg grating sensors
were recorded and glued in the post at different positions apical and coronal thrids. The sensors
measured the deformation of the resin cement in different experiments yielding values in
microstrains. The results showed that the in vitro experiment showed similar values of
polymerization shrinkage that the in situ made in cervical third; and cervical third showed higher
shrinkage than the apical third. The experiments in vitro and in situ showed similar emission
characteristics of light and thickness cement. The coronal third showed higher thickness of cement
and greater amount of light emission than the apical third.
3. Uniform nanocrystalline diamond coatings on optical fibers by using microwave plasma
chemical vapor deposition
Paper AOP100-94
Author(s): Marco Granada, Chunjiu Tang, Antonio J. S. Fernandes, Fa-Nian Shi, Florinda Costa,
Joao L. Pinto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
In the present work we employ Microwave Plasma assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition(MPCVD)
technique to produce uniform nanocrystalline diamond thin films on optical fibers as the first step to
develop novel type of Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. This technique is not commonly used
with thin fibers as substrate, as so, many problems arise in our first attempts, for example thermal
deformation of the fiber during the deposition and easily shattering of the fiber after the deposition.
Effort was made on solving these problems to eventually produce uniform nanocrystalline diamond
coatings on optical fibers. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to
characterize the fabricated nanocrystalline diamond films.
4. Guidance features at terahertz spectrum of microstructured fibers filled with silver rods
Paper AOP100-102
Author(s): Markos Paulo Cardoso, Anderson Oliveira Silva, João C. W. A. Costa, Univ. Federal do
Pará (Brazil)
Although manipulation of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) has been contributed decisively in
leading Optics towards subwavelength scales, we can also take advantages of such
electromagnetic modes to improve waveguiding features at lower frequencies. Within this context,
development of SPP-based terahertz waveguides has demonstrated being of great potential to
achieve an appropriate trade-off between losses and dispersion, particularly for sensing and
imaging operations at that spectral band. A terahertz waveguide structure that has attracted major
interest is the hollow-core microstructured fiber. The geometry of this structure consists of an air
core surrounded by micrometer-scale air holes arranged periodically in the cladding. The
corresponding waveguide mechanism is analogous to which is observed in optics, with the
difference that losses are lower at terahertz range since most of the electromagnetic power
propagates in the air core. The field confinement in air can be increased by appropriately inserting
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metallic particles in some holes. From SPP excitation at metal-dielectric interfaces, it is shown that
terahertz modes are mostly guided in the air regions. In this work, we implement a microstructured
fiber comprising an air core surrounded by alternating rings of silver rods and air holes. With our
geometry, we can reach losses of 0.01 cm-1 and dispersion lower than 0.1 ps/THz.cm for a broad
range of the terahertz region and simultaneously reduce the size of the fiber cross-section. Our
goal is to demonstrate that we can optimize those waveguide structures to miniaturize sensing
devices and improve their properties at terahertz band.
5. Fabry-Pérot microcavity strain sensor based on advanced silica tube
Paper AOP100-147
Author(s): Marta S. Ferreira, INESC Porto (Portugal); Jörg Bierlich, Jens Kobelke, Katrin
Wondraczek, Claudia Aichele, Kay Schuster, Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V.
(Germany); José L. Santos, Orlando Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal)
In this work, a Fabry-Pérot microcavity based on an advanced silica tube is proposed. The
microcavity is formed by splicing a small section of this new silica tube configuration between two
sections of standard single mode fiber. The tube presents a cladding of ~29 um and a hollow core.
The presence of four small cores, of ~20 um diameter each, placed in diametrical opposite
positions, ensure the mechanical stability of the tube. Due to the large hollow core, with an average
diameter of 56 um, the FabryPérot cavity is strain sensitivity, and a maximum sensitivity of 13.9
pm/ue is achieved for a 17 um long microcavity. The sensor is not sensitive to temperature, thus it
is not necessary to perform any temperature compensation, translating in a good candidate in
industrial applications
6. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles for application as biosensors in engineering
Paper AOP100-179
Author(s): Adilson R. Prado, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil); Jairo P. Oliveira, Bárbara
A. Milaneze, Breno V. Nogueira, Marco C. C. Guimarães, Luiz C. P. Almeida, Anselmo F. Neto,
Maria J. Pontes, Moisés R. N. Ribeiro, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil)
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP’s) allow developing nanoscale devices that can interact with chemical
and biological systems. The phenomenon of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) is
explored in these nanosystems, which promotes electromagnetic wave oscillation on such small
metallic structures. It is interesting to note that this resonance is directly linked to the size of the
nanoparticles, the nature of the dielectric material and support environment where the device is
being studied.
This paper presents the synthesis of AuNP’s using the reduction method sodium citrate
(Na3C6H5O7), assessing concentrations of this reducing agent and the synthesis time. The
dominance of this knowledge will provide the development of systems with particle size specific for
various applications in biosensors. The main goal is to develop a route that generates
nanoparticles from a precursor and facilitates the use of these nanomaterials in biosensors. The
characterization was developed in terms of UV-Vis spectroscopy (plasmon band at 530 nm) and
Raman spectroscopy, which enabled detecting the resonance characteristics of the nanoparticles
of different samples. The size and morphology of AuNP’s were examined by transmission electron
microscopy.
7. Gas sensing using wavelength modulation spectroscopy
Paper AOP100-192
Author(s): Duarte Viveiros, INESC TEC (Portugal); Joana Ribeiro, Deolinda Flores, Univ. do Porto
(Portugal); Joao Ferreira, INESC TEC (Portugal); Orlando Frazao, INESC Porto (Portugal); José L.
Santos, Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Jose M. Baptista, Univ. da Madeira (Portugal)
For different gas species sensing, an optoelectronic system has been developed based on
Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) principle. The target is the measurement of
ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane concentrations. WMS is a rather sensitive technique for
67
detecting atomic/molecular species presenting the advantage that can be used in the near-infrared
region using optical telecommunications technology. In this technique, the laser wavelength and
intensity is modulated applying a sine wave signal through the injection current, permitting to shift
the detection bandwidth to higher frequencies where laser intensity noise is reduced. The
wavelength modulated laser light is tuned to the absorption line of the target gas and the
absorption information can be retrieved by means of synchronous detection using a lock-in
amplifier, where the amplitude of the second harmonic of the laser modulation frequency is
proportional to the gas concentration. The amplitude of the second harmonic is normalised by the
average laser intensity and detector gain through a LabVIEWapplication, where the main
advantage of normalising is that the effects of laser output power fluctuations and any variations in
laser transmission, or optical-electrical detector gain are eliminated. Two types of sensing heads
based on free light propagation with different optical path length and another based on
microstructured optical fibers with gases diffusing in their holes were used, permitting redundancy
operation and technology validation.
8. Cavity ring-down with amplification applied to remote sensing
Paper AOP100-226
Author(s): Daniel S. Passos, Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Susana Silva, Manuel J. Marques, Orlando
Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal)
In this work we will present our efforts to apply cavity ring-down techniques to optical fiber sensing.
In particular, we discuss applications for remote sensing. A particular configuration we conceived is
presented, in which an OTDR is used for sending optical pulses, through a distance of several
kilometers, to a fiber ring cavity which contains an amplifier and a sensor head (e. g. a taper for
measuring displacement).
9. Repeatability analysis on LPFGs written by a CO laser
Paper AOP100-99
Author(s): Marta Nespereira, David Castro Alves, João M. Coelho, Fernando Monteiro, Manuel
Abreu, José M. Rebordão, Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal)
2
The physical mechanisms involved in the writing process of long period fiber gratings (LPFG) using
mid-infrared radiation emitted by CO2 lasers limit the obtained characteristics, in particular the
minimum period that can be achieved. In order to evaluate the performances of a new methodology
developed by us, we analyzed its capability to produce gratings with shorter periods (from 600 µm
down to 300 µm). We also present a repeatability study on the obtained LPFG characteristics
(mainly the resonant wavelength and grating length) for several values of the repetition period.
10. Determination of Terfenol-D magnetostriction characteristics for sensor application
using fiber Bragg grating
Paper AOP100-90
Author(s): Kleiton d. Sousa, Univ. Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil); Ricardo Zandonay,
CPqD - Ctr. de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Telecomunicações (Brazil); Erlon V. Silva,
Tractebel Energia (Brazil); Cicero Martelli, Jean Carlos Cardozo da Silva, Univ. Tecnológica
Federal do Paraná (Brazil)
Electric current sensor based on magnetostriction phenomenon has been reported in several
papers. In common these previous papers used a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to determine the strain
of the magnetostrictive material. However, magnetostriction sensors present a few disadvantages
often neglected, such as the temperature dependence of magnetostriction. In this paper a TerfenolD rod (a giant magnetostrictive material-GMM) is used for tests. For simultaneous measurement of
temperature and strain two multiplexed FBGs are used.
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11. Fluid evaporation monitoring with suspended-core fibers
Paper AOP100-201
Author(s): João P. Moura, INESC TEC (Portugal), Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Hardy Baierl, XLIM
Institut de Recherche, CNRS, Univ. de Limoges (France), Institut für Photonische Technologien
e.V. (Germany); Jean-Louis Auguste, Raphael Jamier, Philippe Roy, XLIM Institut de Recherche,
CNRS, Univ. de Limoges (France); José L. Santos, Orlando Frazão, INESC TEC (Portugal), Univ.
do Porto (Portugal)
A new configuration for volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing is proposed. A sub-milimiter fourhole suspended core optical fiber tip, spliced to a standard single mode fiber, is dipped in a liquid
VOC and the reflected signal is continuously interrogated. By monitoring the evaporation of
acetone and isopropyl alcohol it was possible to observe clear distinctions in the evaporation
dynamics of both VOCs.
12. Theoretical modeling of an U-shaped SPR fiber sensor in 1550-nm spectral range for
sensing applications
Paper AOP100-146
Author(s): Daniel P. Duarte, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Nélia J. Alberto, Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal), Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Lúcia Bilro, Rogério N. Nogueira,
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is an emerging technology that promises a revolution in optical
communications and sensing. As sensors, SPR technology is focused in visible frequencies, being
a barrier for a better integration with the typical fiber optical communication transmission bands.
This flaw in research can be suppressed by the development of new low cost optic and novel
sensors operating in communication transmission bands. Here it is presented a theoretical analysis
of a SPR based fiber optic sensor with a uniform gold coating on a U-shaped probe using a bidimensional model. The preparation of the sensor does not require any optical fiber etching
treatment, as proposed by other authors, which eases and improves the control of the overall
process. In this model, all the light launched in the fiber is assumed to be confined in the plane of
bending of the U-shaped probe. The response of the proposed scheme to refractive index
variations was investigated. A resolution of 10-8 is foreseen for refractive indices around 1.413.
This device can be a useful tool for biological and chemical applications, for instance, in the early
stage detection of certain diseases or anomalies in biological balance.
13. Development of an optical fiber sensor for detecting hydrogen peroxide using silver
nanoparticles
Paper AOP100-205
Author(s): Jairo P. Oliveira, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo (Brasil); Adilson Ribeiro Prado, Univ.
Federal do Espirito Santo (Portugal); Ronimar E. Volkers, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo (Brasil);
Breno Vantim Nogueira, Maro Cesar Cunegundes Guimaraes, Univ. Federal do Espirito Santo
(Portugal); Maria J. Pontes, Moisés R. N. Ribeiro, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo (Brasil)
In biological systems to determine the concentration of H2O2 is of great importance, since it is
found to induce several types of cell damage, even in relatively low concentration. Targeting
detection agent that silver nanoparticles were produvidas via chemical reduction of AgNO3 with
NaBH4 and evaluate its application in the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The synthesis of
the material (NPAG) in a factorial design was optimized by evaluating the main parameters (time,
molar ratio of the reagents and stabilizers) and nanomaterial obtained was characterized by UV-vis
spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) . A plastic optical fiber bent into U was
immersed in a system containing silver nanoparticles in the range of 20 to 50nm in diameter
technique called Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR or English). At one end of the fiber was excited
by a red laser having a photodetector at the other end. Increasing concentrations of H2O2 were
added to the system and the detector output voltage was monitored as a function of time. The
69
results indicated low levels of detection, reaching 0.001 mM H2O2. Studies are being conducted to
enable the determination of hydrogen peroxide in biological systems.
14. Thermal monitoring of the thermoplastic injection molding process with FBGs
Paper AOP100-220
Author(s): Nélia J. Alberto, Rogério N. Nogueira, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Victor
F. Neto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
Injection molding is an important polymer processing method for manufacturing plastic
components. In this work, the thermal monitoring of the thermoplastic injection molding is
presented, since temperature is a critical parameter that influences the process features. A set of
fiber Bragg gratings were multiplexed, aiming a two dimensional monitoring of the mold. The
results allowed to identify the different stages of the thermoplastic molding cycle. Additionally, the
data provide information about the heat transfer phenomena, an important issue for the
thermoplastic injection sector, and thus for an endless number of applications that employ this type
of materials.
15. Regeneration of FBGs during the HFCVD diamond-fiber coating process
Paper AOP100-83
Author(s): Nélia J. Alberto, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Hypolito J. Kalinowski, Univ.
Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil); Victor F. Neto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Rogério N.
Nogueira, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
In the last years, the coating of optical fiber with a specific material has been a common procedure
to improve the performance of the sensors, concerning the resolution, sensitivity, working range or
even to qualify the device to be susceptible to certain physical or chemical influences. Diamond is a
biocompatible and non-toxic material, with wear and corrosive resistance which presents low
coefficient of thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity, being a promising candidate to be
applied as a coating on the optical fibers and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Among others
techniques, the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) is a common process to deposit
diamond films. However, in this method the temperature reaches values too high (around 800 ºC),
in which uniform fiber Bragg gratings already inscribed in the optical fibers are erased due to
thermal bleaching. As result of its resistance to high temperatures, regenerated fiber Bragg
gratings (RFBGs) were already used successfully in the HFCVD diamond Bragg gratings coating.
Nevertheless, in order to ensure the stabilization of the thermal properties of the gratings, the
regeneration process involves a thermal treatment for a long period, around 10 h. In this work, the
regeneration of saturated FBGs during the diamond-fiber coating through the HFCVD process is
proposed. Compared to the regeneration occurring prior to the diamond deposition process, this
procedure is less time consuming, and moreover the fiber isn’t so brittle, since it is not subjected to
high temperatures for so long.
16. Speckle-pattern-based temperature sensor in POF implemented with commodity
embedded electronics
Paper AOP100-76
Author(s): Ronimar E. Volkers, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil)
In this paper, the authors present the development and validation of a speckle-pattern-based
temperature sensor implemented on a multimode polymer optical fiber (POF). The intensity pattern
produced by the mutual interference among the different propagation modes is highly temperaturedependent, which gives our sensor the capability of measuring minor temperature changes. For
this end, a 2-D optical detection is used to capture at the fiber output the temperature-dependent
interference pattern of the coherent light source.
17. Dual core fiber interferometer as in-line Mach-Zenhder interferometer sensor
Paper AOP100-135
70
Author(s): Hugo F. Martins, INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ. do Porto (Portugal), Univ. de Alcalá
(Spain); Jörg Bierlich, Katrin Wondraczek, Sonja Unger, Jens Kobelke, Kay Schuster, Institut für
Photonische Technologien e.V. (Germany); Manuel J. Marques, Univ. do Porto (Portugal), INESC
Porto (Portugal); Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez, Univ. de Alcalá (Spain); Orlando Frazão, INESC Porto
(Portugal), Univ. do Porto (Portugal)
The simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain is achieved using a dual-core fiber (with
different doping in each core) as an in-line Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer. The peaks of the
MZ interferometer spectrum were observed to move in opposite directions for high and low
wavelength peaks when strain or temperature was applied. To our knowledge this is the first time
that such behavior is demonstrated using this type of in-line MZ interferometer based on a dualcore fiber. Sensitivities of (0.102±0.002) nm/ȝİbetween 0-800 ȝİand (-4.2±0.2) nm/ºC between 47
and 63ºC were demonstrated. It was also demonstrated that it is possible to use this configuration
for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature and a matrix equation to calculate them
was given.
18. Remote curvature fiber sensors using core mismatch structures and OTDR based
interrogation
Paper AOP100-66
Author(s): Cindy S. Fernandes, Univ. Federal do Pará (Brazil); Maria Thereza M. Rocco Giraldi,
Military Institute of Engineering (Brazil); Carlos J. Gouveia, INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ. da
Madeira (Portugal); Marco J. de Sousa, João Crisóstomo W. Albuquerque Costa, Univ. Federal do
Pará (Brazil); Orlando Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Pedro A. da Silva
Jorge, INESC Porto (Portugal)
Optical fiber sensors for physical parameters are present in a variety of applications in several
fields, for instance, in civil engineering for structural health monitoring, where the real-time and
precise measurement of strain, curvature and vibration is crucial for maintenance and safety of
such structures. In this work, a remote curvature sensor using a standard OTDR as the
interrogation system is presented. This approach uses a core diameter mismatch (CDM) device.
The CDM based sensor is formed by a short section of a multimode fiber (MMF), with a length of 3
mm, sandwiched between two singlemode fibers (SMFs), i.e. SMFMMF-SMF (SMS). Different from
a multimode interference (MMI) structure, the CDM device is not dependent on the wavelength and
just introduces a loss in the optical signal. In this case, the attenuation of the optical signal will vary
as the fiber is bent allowing interrogating the sensor. By analyzing the strength of the OTDR return
pulses that are plotted as a function of the fiber length. The typical event loss that is observed in
the OTDR equipment represents the attenuation value that will be proportional to the curvature of
the fiber. The sensing system was evaluated in a bend range from ~0.005cm -1 to ~0.025cm-1.
Preliminary results indicate a resolution range of ~0.0009 cm -1, sensitivity in the range of
~145.78dB/ cm-1 and a variation of 2.8 dB in the OTDR trace within the bend radius range.
19. New optical fiber devices based on focused ion beam
Paper AOP100-16
Author(s): Ricardo M. André, INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Simon Pevec,
Univ. of Maribor (Slovenia); Martin Becker, Jan Dellith, Manfred Rothhardt, Institut für Photonische
Technologien e.V. (Germany); Manuel B. Marques, INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ. do Porto
(Portugal); Denis Donlagic, Univ. of Maribor (Slovenia); Hartmut Bartelt, Institut für Photonische
Technologien e.V. (Germany); Orlando Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal), Univ. do Porto (Portugal)
Microwires with diameters of 15 ȝm are fabricated using a micromachining process that relies on
the chemical etching of specially designed P2O5-doped fibers. The etching rate of the doped glass
is higher than that of pure silica and thus is removed first leaving behind the desired microstructure.
These microwires are then further post-processed by focused ion beam milling leading to the
creation of optical fiber cantilevers. These cantilevers act as Fabry-Pérot cavities that are sensitive
to vibrations in a large bandwidth. Two different cantilever structures are compared: one where the
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gap that intersects the microwire is on the lead-in fiber side and one where the gap is on the
microwire tip side. These structures show different responses to vibration due to the differences in
mass of the structure that is suspended and the way the vibration propagates through the
cantilever structure.
20. Molecularly imprinted polymer grafted on a polymeric optical fiber for ammonium
sensing
Paper AOP100-100
Author(s): Filipa R. Sequeira, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal); Nair Lopes, M. Teresa S.
R. Gomes, Alisa Rudnitskaya, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Rogério N. Nogueira, Lúcia Bilro,
We report the preliminary studies on the development of a plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor for
ammonium sensing with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). A molecular imprinted
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) co-polymer was obtained on the surface of the optical fiber by
radical polymerization at high temperature. Work is in progress, in order to complete the
characterization of the imprinted polymer, define the sensor design parameters and characterize
the sensor performance when in contact with solutions of different concentrations in ammonium.
21. Electro-optical parameters in excited states of some spectrally active molecules
Paper AOP100-178
Author(s): V. Closca, C. Rusu, A. C. Benchea, D. O. Dorohoi, Univ. Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania
The spectral shifts measured in different solvents are expressed as functions of the solvent
macroscopic parameters. The values of the correlation coefficients multiplying the functions of
refractive index and electric polarizability can be determined by statistical means. The correlation
coefficients depend on the electric dipole moment or of the polarizability of the spectrally active
molecules. The electro-optical parameters in the ground state of the solute molecules can be
approximated by molecular modeling. The excited state parameters are estimated using both the
results obtained by HyperChem Programme and from the solvatochromic study. The importance of
this approximate method is that it offers information about of the excited state of solute molecule for
which our measuring possibilities are very restrictive. The information about the excited electronic
state is affected by the limits in which the theories of liquid solutions are developed.Our results
refer to some molecules of vitamins from B class.
22. Wavefront shaping using a deformable mirror for focusing inside optical tissue
phantoms
Paper AOP100-96
Author(s): Ricardo Gomes, João M. Coelho, Univ. de Lisboa (Portugal); Ana Gabriel, Pedro Vieira,
Univ. Nova de Lisboa (Portugal); Catarina Oliveira Silva, Catarina Reis, Univ. Lusófona de
Humanidades e Tecnologias (Portugal)
In this paper we report the first results towards the objective of concentrating light inside biological
tissues and thus allow selective drug delivery and hyperthermia in tumors. Our research is based
on wavefront shaping and this study is intended to evolve in three different frontlines: development
of methodologies to concentrate light inside biological tissues, development of an optical tissue
phantom and development of multifunctional gold nanoparticles to be used as the selective drug
delivery agent. The impact of different factors in the measured wavefront and rms spot radius is
analyzed. Future developments will be further presented.
23. Analysis of phase interrogated SPR fiber optic sensors with different bimetallic
combinations
Paper AOP100-222
Author(s): H. Moayyed, I. Leite, L. Coelho, J. Santos, A. Guerreiro, D. Viegas, INESC TEC
(Portugal)
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Plasmonics, which is dealing with surface electromagnetic excitations in metallic structures, is
nowadays one of the most active areas of Photonics. The central motivation comes from the
opportunities associated with the fact that with surface plasmons, the electromagnetic excitations
coupled to collective motion of conduction electrons near a metal surface, the problem of light
manipulation can be reduced from three to two dimensions, enabling interactions, signal
manipulation and processing on the sub-wavelength scale. This recent activity burst in Plasmonics
also opened new possibilities in sensing.
During the years the technique of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has been widely used for a
quick and accurate detection of several physical, chemical, and biochemical parameters. In this
technique, a metal-dielectric interface supports a surface electromagnetic wave with characteristics
highly sensitive to the outer ambience. In general, silver and gold are the two main metals that are
used for SPR sensor applications. Silver-based sensor is known for its narrow spectral width, but is
chemically very unstable and is highly vulnerable to oxidation when used in liquid or gaseous
environments. On the other hand, a Gold-based sensor is lesser accurate than a Silver-based one
but, in contrast, is chemically very stable.
This work explores the capability of different bimetallic combinations to be used in a fiber optic
sensor based on the technique of surface plasmon resonance, particularly when phase
interrogation is considered. The metals considered for the present analysis are silver, gold, copper,
and aluminum. The performance of these structures is analyzed in terms of three parameters:
sensitivity, signalto-noise ratio (resolution) and operating range (for refractive index measurement).
An optimized sensor layout will be presented.
THURSDAY 29 MAY
OSA Student Chapter Session
9:00 - 10:45
Presentation of the OSA Student Chapter of University of Aveiro
Tutorial: What They Don’t Teach You at University - IP for Engineering Students (inveted)
Author(s): Bruce A. Horwitz, TechRoadmap Inc (USA)
You just had a major breakthrough in your thesis work that could lead to a valuable commercial
product and you want to present your work as a poster at AOP2014. Should you? Might your
breakthrough be a patentable invention? Do you have to get permission from the university? What
happens to your invention after you graduate? Does it make a difference if you stay in academia or
go to work for a start-up?
Many engineering students are left in the dark about what makes an invention patentable, what the
process is for evaluating your invention, how you file for a patent, or what you really have once you
get a patent. Most people know it’s expensive but have no idea about what their alternatives are or
what they should be doing to maximize their (or their employer’s) return on this investment.
In this presentation I shed some light on these types of intellectual property issues from the
perspective of the engineering student. Understanding the basics of intellectual property will make
you a better employee if you leave the university after graduation or help you benefit from your
research if you stay in academia.
Come prepared to ask questions – this is a seminar to help you deal with what has become an
important asset to companies world-wide but is typically neglected by university curricula.
Tutorial: From technology to product? Fundamental steps
Author(s): Gonçalo Amorim, ISCTE (Portugal)
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Coffee Break
10:45 - 11:15
Session Th.1.a
11:15 - 12:30
Fiber optic cryogenic sensors for superconducting magnets and superconducting power
transmission lines at CERN (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-104
Author(s): Antonella Chiuchiolo, Marta Bajko, Juan Carlos Perez, Hugues Bajas, CERN
(Switzerland); Marco Consales, Univ. degli Studi del Sannio (Italy); Michele Giordano, Institute for
Composite and Biomedical Materials, CNR (Italy); Giovanni Breglio, Univ. degli Studi di Napoli
Federico II (Italy); Luca Palmieri, Univ. degli Studi di Padova (Italy); Andrea Cusano, Univ. degli
Studi del Sannio (Italy)
The use of Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) is becoming particularly challenging for applications in
extreme harsh environments such as ultra-low temperatures, high electromagnetic fields and
strong mechanical stresses. Monitoring these parameters plays a crucial role in modern large-scale
accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider built by the European Organization for Nuclear
Research (CERN). The design, fabrication and tests of a new generation of superconducting
magnets require the support of an adequate, robust and reliable sensing technology. The
instrumentation presently used is based on resistive sensors to monitor the temperature in the wide
range of 300 - 1.9 K and the strain profile of the superconducting magnets from their fabrication to
operation. Nevertheless, their magnetic field dependence, the large amount of wires required and
the heat-leak into the cryogenic bath are issues that might be overcome developing a FOS-based
technology. In recent years, studies on the use of FOS in cryogenic and high energy physics
applications demonstrated their potential in this field despite the environmental complexity makes
the technology not well assessed yet. As result of synergies among optics, material science and
mechanics, this paper presents the development of FOS based on Fiber Bragg Gratings for
temperature and strain monitoring. Tests campaigns have been carried out for the temperature
monitoring of the superconducting power transmission lines and the strain behavior of magnets
from assembly to operation giving perspective to the development of a complementary fiber optic
based technology to be used at CERN.
First setup of the optical fiber measuring system to monitoring structure health of nuclear
power plant
Paper AOP100-45
Author(s): Bretislav Mikel, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i. (Czech Republic);
Radek Helan, Network group s.r.o. (Czech Republic); Zdenek Buchta, Michal Jelinek, Ondrej Cip,
Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i. (Czech Republic)
We present system of measurement of structure health by optical fiber sensors based on fiber
Bragg gratings. Our system is focused to additionally install to existing buildings. We prepared this
set-up of the system to monitoring of shape deformation of the containment in the nuclear power
plants. We prepared and present our construction of sensors. We used SLED for the light source of
a system. We prepared complete electronic system including temperature control, current control
and other support electronics. We develop the detection technique witch employ the optical filter to
monitoring change of the wavelength reflected from connected sensors.
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Preparation and measurement of TFBG based vibration sensor
Paper AOP100-85
Author(s): Radek Helan, Frantisek Urban, PROFIcomms s.r.o. (Czech Republic); Bretislav Mikel,
Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i. (Czech Republic); Frantisek Urban,
PROFIcomms s.r.o. (Czech Republic)
We present vibration fiber sensor set up based on tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) and fiber taper.
This design allows making very compact in-fiber sensor for acceleration/vibration sensing. The
sensor uses the TFBG as a cladding modes reflector and fiber taper placed near the TFBG as a
bend-sensitive recoupling member. We focused on optimization of TFBG tilt angle to reach
maximum reflection of main cladding mode (ghost mode). The TFBG was prepared in hydrogenloaded SMF-28 fiber using phase mask method and KrF excimer laser at 248 nm. We found the
TFBG tilt angle for maximum ghost mode reflection. The ghost mode, reflected from TFBG, is
recoupled back into the fiber core via tapered fiber section. First measurements were made using
optical spectrum analyzer and superluminiscent diode as broadband light source. We present
dependence between intensity of recoupled ghost mode and sensor bend radius. Dependence
between sensor sensitivity and sensor length was also studied.
Session Th.1.b
11:15 - 12:30
Revisiting grating orientation effects on visual contrast sensitivity using optical
interferometry
Paper AOP100-148
Author(s): Pedro M. Serra, Luis F. Santos, João P. Corte-Real, Paulo T. Fiadeiro, Univ. da Beira
Interior (Portugal)
Sinusoidal gratings of equal spatial frequency but different orientation require different levels of
contrast to be detected by the human visual system. This phenomenon defined as oblique effect
has a neuronal origin. The purpose of this work was to determine the neuronal magnitude of this
effect, by isolating it from the optics of the eye.
An interferometric system was assembled to generate and project on the retina an interference
pattern consisting of sinusoidal gratings with variable orientation (0º to 165º, 15º step). Adding
background light to the interference pattern of 12 cycles/degree, different contrast levels were
generated while the retinal illuminance was kept unaltered. A 2º circular stimulus was presented
(during 500ms) on the fovea producing a retinal illuminance of 134 Td (trolands). The contrast
sensitivity threshold of four observers (ages 23, 33, 33, 52 years old) was determined using a YesNo psychophysical method, and the 50% odds of correct response determined by a Weibull
cumulative function. The four observers showed different contrast sensitivity threshold depend on
the grating orientation. Oblique gratings ( 45º/  145º) required more contrast to be detected than
horizontal and vertical gratings. The maximum differences in contrast sensitivity between
orientations ranged from 0.15 to 0.31 log units. The mean contrast threshold across all orientations
was then calculated to investigate the effect of age on the contrast sensitivity. It was found a 0.05
log units decrease per decade (R=0.96).
Oblique effect is an evident neuronal phenomenon with considerable inter-subject variability,
making grating orientation important information in contrast sensitivity evaluation.
Development of a micro PET system with improved spatial resolution through depth-ofinteraction measurement
Paper AOP100-212
Author(s): Pedro M. Correia, Ismael F. C. Castro, João F. C. A. Veloso, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
75
In small diameter positron emission tomography (PET) systems, the determination of the depth-ofinteraction (DOI) of 511 keV gamma photons in scintillator crystals is of great importance, in order
to achieve high spatial resolution with good uniformity within the entire field-of-view. In this work,
we propose a new method for DOI determination, in which a single layer of LYSO crystals is read
out on both ends through the use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), but using wavelength-shifting
fibers and a reduced number of SiPMs on one end. This design results in a simpler and less
expensive readout when compared to the typical dual-ended readout method, which requires two
photodetectors per crystal and corresponding readout electronics.
Proof-of-concept studies were performed with a single detector cell (composed of two LYSO
crystals operating in coincidence), to evaluate the amount of light detected on each side of the
crystal and the achievable DOI resolution with this method, taking into account the attenuation of
the light signal on the fiber side with crystal-SiPM distance and with fiber curvature. Concurrently to
the experimental work, GATE simulation of the system was carried out and will also be presented.
Ultimately, the feasibility of applying this method in full detector rings for a small animal PET
system will be evaluated and discussed, considering different alternatives for position readout
electronics.
Study of gastric cancer samples using terahertz techniques
Paper AOP100-93
Author(s): Faustino Wahaia, Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Gintaras Valusis, Irmantas Kasalynas,
Dalius Seliuta, Ctr. for Physical Sciences and Technology (Lithuania); Andrzej Urbanowicz,
TERAVIL Ltd. (Lithuania), Ctr. for Physical Sciences and Technology (Lithuania)
Healthy and adenocarcinoma-affected (with pT3 and pT4-staging grades) samples of gastric tissue
have been measured using transmission time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and,
spectroscopic THz imaging at 201 and 590 GHz. We show that it is possible to distinguish between
normal and cancerous regions in dried and paraffin-embedded samples. Plots of absorption
coefficient and refractive index of normal and cancer affected tissues as well as 2-D transmission
THz images are shown. Experimental results will be presented and the conditions for discrimination
between normal and affected tissue will be discussed. The aim of this study was to test the ability
of THz spectroscopy and imaging for detection of gastric cancer and to determine the contrast
mechanism of these techniques. To do so 21 paraffin-embedded healthy and cancer affected
human gastric tissues with a thickness of 2 mm have been studied. We found differences in the
measured optical parameters between healthy and affected regions, pT3 and pT4 and between two
phases of development inside pT3 and pT4 stages. The results confirm previous finds that there
are other factors besides the water that contribute to the contrast between normal and affected
areas.
Study of the fluorescence signal for gastrointestinal dysplasia detection
Paper AOP100-54
Author(s): S. Pimenta, E. M. S. Castanheira, G. Minas, Univ. do Minho (Portugal)
The detection of cancer at the dysplasia stage (before macroscopically visible changes occur on
the tissues) is one of the most important goals in biomedical research. Gastrointestinal (GI)
cancers are usually preceded by pre cancerous changes, on tissues biochemical and
morphological properties, and its early detection will increase the chances of a successful
treatment. Optical techniques specifically diffuse reflectance and intrinsic fluorescence, may
improve the ability to detect GI cancer, since they have exquisite sensitivity to intrinsic biomarkers
present on the tissues. This work follows the research that has been done towards the
implementation of a chip-sized spectroscopy microsystem for early detection of GI cancers. For
that purpose, the behavior of the fluorescence signal of the most important biomarkers in GI
malignancy detection was studied. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence signal
intensity was also investigated. Spectroscopic measurements were performed in liquid phantoms
(representative of GI tissues), with different concentrations of hemoglobin, polystyrene beads (1 µm
diameter), and the fluorophores NADH and Carbostyril 124 (a hydroxyquinoline derivative
76
representative of collagen), at different temperatures. The results obtained were analyzed by
SPSS, allowing to conclude that, despite the small decrease on fluorescence signal intensity with
temperature (which is in accordance with theory), these differences are not statistically significant
(r(3008) = -.007, p>0.05), between 22 and 42 ºC. With these results, we can establish the next
steps of this work, specifically the implementation of a mathematical model to extract optical tissue
properties from experimental fluorescence signals, as it was previously done for the diffuse
reflectance signal.
Session Th.1.c
11:15 - 12:30
Design challenges in unrepeatered submarine links (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-242
Author(s): Lutz Rapp, Coriant (Germany)
For distances up to 600 km, unrepeatered systems offer significant cost benefit over submarine
links employing inline amplifiers since no electrical power supply has to be provided by the cable.
Following the trend in terrestrial systems, the per channel data rate is also increased in submarine
systems and data rates up to 100 Gbit/s are already deployed in commercial systems.
Transponders providing higher data rates typically make use of more complex modulation formats
and employ more advanced forward error correction (FEC) schemes in order to compensate at
least partly for the increase of the required optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). Nevertheless, the
maximum span length is smaller for higher data rates, which requires more sophisticated
amplification technologies such as codirectional Raman amplification and third order pumping
schemes for both, remote optically pumped amplifiers (ROPAs) and Raman amplifiers.
In this talk, different parameters and device characteristics strongly affecting the resulting
performance will be considered. Margin improvement provided by codirectional Raman amplifiers is
very sensitive to dispersion precompensation, the chosen pumping scheme, and the stability of the
used pumps. In links making use of ROPAs, performance strongly depends on the position of the
erbium-doped fiber (EDF) in the transmission fiber. It will be explained why the optimum position
depends on the used data rate and modulation format, and the impact on different scenarios in
case of capacity upgrades and fiber repair will be discussed.
Performance analysis of multi-pump Raman+EDFA hybrid amplifiers for WDM systems
Paper AOP100-103
Author(s): Márcia da Mota Jardim Martini, CEFET/MG (Brazil); Maria J. Pontes, Moisés R. N.
Ribeiro, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil); Hypolito J. Kalinowski, Univ. Tecnológica Federal
do Paraná (Brazil)
This work analyzes the performance of multi-pump Raman+EDFA hybrid amplifiers under residual
pump recycling using a technique to optimize the global gain profile and ripple of the amplifier in
WDM systems. The performance of different hybrid EDFA+Raman amplifiers is obtained using
commercial software. The performance of optimized Rman+EDFA hybrid amplifier continues to
behave in a predictable manner (similar profiles), even with the inclusion of more pump lasers or
input channels. Ripple and global gain values smaller than 3.7 dB and greater than 30 dB have
been found in a 30 nm bandwidth (for wavelength over of 1540 nm).
Reducing the complexity of digital nonlinear compensation for high-speed coherent optical
Paper AOP100-203
Author(s): Fernando P. Guiomar, Sofia B. Amado, Armando N. Pinto, Instituto de
77
In this paper, a reduced complexity Volterra series nonlinear equalizer (VSNE) is proposed and
assessed for long-haul >100 Gb/s optical channels. Time- and frequency-domain implementations
of the VSNE technique are analyzed and compared in terms of performance and computational
effort. The analysis is supported by simulation and experimental results for a polarizationmultiplexed (PM)-16QAM optical system. Hardware implementation in a field-programmable gate
array (FPGA) platform is also discussed, providing a more accurate estimation of required DSP
resources for real-time implementation.
Clock and carrier recovery in high-speed coherent optical communication systems
Paper AOP100-170
Author(s): Sofia B. Amado, Ricardo Ferreira, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), Univ. de
Aveiro (Portugal); Pedro S. Costa, Portugal Telecom (Portugal); Fernando P. Guiomar, Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal), Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Somayeh Ziaie, Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal), Univ. of Aveiro (Portugal); Nelson J. Muga, Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal); António L. Teixeira, Armando N. Pinto, Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal), Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
In real-time coherent optical communication systems, the transmitter and the receiver clocks may
not be completely synchronized, resulting in random deviations relatively to the ideal sampling
instant. Furthermore, the transmitter and receiver lasers do not have exactly the same phase and
frequency, leading to some phase and frequency deviation on the received signal.
For the correct retrieving of the transmitted information, these clock drifts and laser impairments
have to be eliminated. Nevertheless, clock/carrier recovery in the optical domain can be complex
and expensive. In recent times the post-detection digital signal processing (DSP) associated with
high-speed coherent optical communication systems has been extensively explored. This enables
to apply most coherent detection tasks in digital domain, including clock and carrier recovery,
therefore reducing the optical hardware requirements.
In this paper, the implementations of clock and carrier recovery in digital domain are analyzed.
Implementation details, offline results and real-time results are presented. Analog-to-Digital
Converters (ADC) operating at 1.25Gsps and a digital board, containing a Virtex-6 FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA), have been used, allowing the implementation of a real-time
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) system operating at 1.25Gbit/s. The offline results are
obtained for a long-haul Polarization-Multiplexing Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (PM-QPSK)
system operating at 100Gbit/s.
Lunch Break
12:30 - 14:00
Plenary Session V
14:00 - 14:45
Novel approaches and applications in optical encryption (Plenary Presentation)
Paper AOP100-225
Author(s): John Fredy Barrera Ramírez, Univ. de Antioquia (Colombia)
In this conference the experimental double random phase encoding technique implemented under
a joint transform correlator and the 4f encrypting architectures is presented. The usual situation
involved in developing the experimental procedures when these techniques are implemented by
mean of multiplexing protocols is explained. Additionally, the solution to cross talk and overlapping
issues associated with the multiplexing handling is addressed. The novel applications to optically
protect a single or multiple movies, messages of any length, and the merging of the optical
78
encryption methods and the quick response coding to eliminate any kind of noise in the recovered
information are shown.
Session Th.2.a
14:45 - 16:00
Optical fiber sensors in arterial pulse waveform acquisition
Paper AOP100-82
Author(s): Cátia J. Leitão, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Paulo Antunes, Instituto de
Telecomunicações (Portugal), Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); José Mesquita Bastos, João Lemos
Pinto, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Paulo S. André, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal),
Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal)
The analysis of carotid artery pulse waveform has been considered to provide useful information
regarding the mechanical properties of the arterial tree and an important tool in hypertension
assessment, effectiveness of cardiovascular drugs monitoring and cardiovascular prevention.
Arterial pulse waveform measurements are usually performed with piezoelectric pressure sensors.
These sensors require a rigid structure, for example bone, to support the arterial vessel. For this
reason, they are widely applied in the radial artery (in the wrist location) from which is required the
application of a transfer function for central pulse waveform assessment. The carotid artery has de
advantage of its central location but does not have bone support, so arterial tonometry is difficult to
perform. Given their electromagnetic immunity, intrinsic electric isolation safety, small size and
weight and autoclave compatibility, fiber optic based sensors are seeing increased acceptance and
application in a variety of biomedical applications. In order to explore more suitable probes for
pulse wave acquisition in the carotid artery, in this paper are presented three optical fiber sensors.
Two probes are based on silica fiber Bragg gratings and one is intensity-based using polymeric
optical fibers. Starting with feasibility tests of such measurements with FBG sensors, the sensors
evolution was towards a simple method with a lower cost sensor. The sensors were full
characterized and some human tests were performed. The results showed a fair compromise
between easiness of applicability and technician training, as well as good pressure wave
acquisition performance.
FBG's used to measure and compare strains induced by orthodontic devices
Paper AOP100-166
Author(s): Lídia M. Carvalho, INESC Porto (Portugal); Adelina Santos, Clinica Dentária Dr. Manuel
Neves (Portugal); Paulo Roriz, INESC Porto (Portugal); José Simões, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal);
José L. Santos, Orlando Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal)
Cross-bite, as a malocclusion effect, is defined as a transversal changing of the upper dental arch,
in relation to the lower arch, and may be classified as skeletal, dental or functional. The expansion
of maxilla is an effective clinical treatment used to correct transversal maxillary discrepancy. The
expansion is achieved when a force is applied to the dental-alveolar structures, through a
removable or fixed device, by exceeding the necessary limits for the expansion. For this purpose,
different kinds of orthodontic devices can be used, such as the disjunctor and the quad-helix.
However still exists some controversy about the effect of these orthodontic devices, related to the
amount of force applied by each one.
The objective of the present study was to compare the transmitted forces by two different
orthodontic devices, Quad-helix and Disjunctor. On the manufacturing of the Disjunctor it was used
a 12 mm Hyrax screw by Forestedent®. The Quad-helix device was manufactured in stainless
steel wire, with a 0.9mm/36 Dart/Wire Remaloy® by Dentaurum, over an acrylic model, by a dental
technician. The applied load for the disjunctor was made twirling the screw Hirax and for quad-helix
device the load was applied bending the wire with pliers. The forces transmitted by each device
were measured using FBG’s.
79
With this work he was demonstrated that with the device disjunctor the applied load is greater than
with quad-helix and as a result, the observed displacements are greater for the first one. It was
observed an asymmetric field for the quad-helix.
Fiber optic dosimeter with silicon photomultipliers
Paper AOP100-211
Author(s): Luis Moutinho, Ismael F. C. Castro, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); Luis R. Peralta, Univ. de
Lisboa (Portugal); Maria C. Abreu, Lab. de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas
(Portugal); João F. C. A. Veloso, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
A small-size dosimeter with real-time readout is desirable for specific applications in medical
physics as, for example, quality assurance in Low Dose Rate-Brachyterapy (25 – 50 keV). This
particular radiotherapy procedure consists in the permanent deposition of low energy, low-dose
and low dose rate small sized radioactive seeds. We developed a scintillating fiber optic based
dosimeter, suitable for in-vivo, real-time, low-dose and low dose rate measurements. Due to the
low scintillation light produced in the scintillating fiber, a highly sensitive, high-gain photodetector is
required. The Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) are an interesting option and good results were
obtained.
Real-time dosimeter targeted to nuclear applications
Paper AOP100-200
Author(s): Alexandre M. Correia, INESC Porto (Portugal); Carla C. Rosa, INESC Porto (Portugal),
Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Pedro M. P. Santos, Katharina Lorentz, António N. Falcão, Instituto
Superior Técnico (Portugal)
Intrinsic fiber optic dosimeter (IFOD) targeted to nuclear applications, directly affected by Cerenkov
radiation, and Radiation-Induced Absorption, which distorts the transmitted spectra to be
evaluated. Reformulate the problem to use these effects as a measure of the dose rate/total dose
of the radiation to which the optical fiber is exposed.
Session Th.2.b
14:45 - 15:45
Digitally controlling the 'twist' of light (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-70
Author(s): Angela Dudley, Andrew Forbes, CSIR National Laser Ctr. (South Africa)
An overview of the work done within the Mathematical Optics group at the CSIR’s National Laser
Centre will be presented. In particular our work done in laser beam shaping with the use of digital
holograms for applications in areas such as optical tweezing, vortex beams carrying orbital angular
momentum (OAM) for quantum entanglement, as well as novel laser resonators will be shown.
More detail will be spent on the generation of superimposed optical fields which carry OAM and the
development of OAM measurement techniques. Since OAM offers a potentially infinite-dimensional
state space, much interest has been generated in its measurement for higher-dimensional quantum
information processing to be realised. We generate superpositions of higher-order Bessel beams
and show that even though we can create a field which carries no overall OAM, we can still witness
an angular rotation in the intensity profile of the beam. We also develop two new OAM
measurement techniques: (1) a robust odd-even-OAM interferometer and (2) a method to measure
the OAM density of an optical field by means of digital holograms.
Holography: applications in science outreach
Paper AOP100-189
Author(s): Pedro M. Pombo, Emanuel Santos, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal)
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Holography is an optics and photonics application that can be explored in science education. This
paper presents a research on new practices in science communication based on holography. An
outreach program was developed using lab sessions, hands-on activities and interactive
exhibitions. Three types of holographic systems were developed and a national network on
holography was implemented at thirty Schools and three Science Centres. This paper presents
labs, exhibitions and types of holograms and it will described the holographic systems and all
materials developed for science in society activities. Outreach program will be discussed and
holograms obtained will be presented.
Design and fabrication of a holographic structure with an increased angular and wavelength
range of operation for application in solar collectors
Paper AOP100-115
Author(s): Hoda Akbari, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Dublin Institute of Technology
(Ireland)
A holographic device characterised by a large angular and wavelength range of operation is under
development. It aims to improve the efficiency of solar energy concentration in solar cells. The aim
of this study is to increase the angular and wavelength range of the gratings by stacking three
layers of high efficiency gratings on top of each other so that light from a moving source, such as
the sun, is collected from a broad range of angles. In order to increase the angle and the
wavelength range of operation of the holographic device, low spatial frequency of holographic
recording is preferable. Recording at low spatial frequency requires a photopolymer material with
unique properties, such as fast monomer/monomers diffusion rate/rates. An acrylamide-based
photopolymer developed at the Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics has been used in this
study. This material has fast diffusion rates and has previously demonstrated very good
performance at low spatial frequency, where gratings of 80% diffraction efficiency at 300 lines/ mm
spatial frequency were recorded in layers of 75 µm thickness. This paper will study the angular
selectivity of a device consisting of stacked gratings recorded at three different angles; 0, 3.5 and 7
degrees at spatial frequency of 300 lines/mm with recording intensity of 1 mW/cm2. The optical
recording process and the properties of the multilayer structure are described and discussed.
16:00 - 17:00
SPOF General Assembly
17:00 - 18:00
Poster Session Th.P
16:00 - 17:00
1. Zernike power spectra of urban light-polluted cloudless night skies
Paper: AOP100-55
Author(s): Salvador Bará, Miguel Nievas, Alejandro Sánchez de Miguel, Jaime Zamorano, Univ. de
Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
All-sky night brightness images can be efficiently analyzed using the Zernike circle polynomials.
We present here the results of a one-year campaign of all-sky night brightness measurements
taken in several photometric bands at the UCM Astronomical Observatory in Madrid. Our analysis
shows that cloudless skies at urban locations with moderate to high levels of light pollution can be
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well described by low-order expansions in the Zernike basis. The corresponding Zernike power
spectra tend to decrease exponentially with the Zernike radial order.
2. Reinforced adaboost face detector using support vector machine
Paper: AOP100-230
Author(s): Jaeyoon Jang, Yunkoo C., Korea Univ. of Science and Technology (Korea, Republic of);
Jaehong K., Hosub Y., Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Korea, Republic
of)
We propose a new face detection algorithm in order to improve performance of Face-Detector. Our
purposed method is not only improving detector’s performance but decreasing the number of
False-Positive. In order to get improved Detection capacity, we merge Adaboost and SVM (Support
Vector Machine). SVM is used in two parts in our method. The first used part is selecting negative
samples step in Adaboost algorithm. SVM helps adaboost selecting better samples. The second
used part is final determination step from some face candidates that is detected by adaboost. After
adaboost detect face region, SVM check these region again. Because SVM and Adaboost use
different feature, they are complementary each other. We can get 1~3% improved performance
using proposed method. This method makes improved detector that shows better performance
without algorithm replacement.
3. Resolution analysis in computational imaging with patterned illumination and single-pixel
detection
Paper: AOP100-117
Author(s): Angel D. Rodriguez, Esther Irles, Pedro Clemente, Jesús Láncis, Univ. Jaume I (Spain)
In computational imaging of projected patterns a sequence of microstructured light patterns
codified onto a programmable spatial light modulator is used to sample an object. Transmitted or
reflected power values are captured by a photodetector without spatial resolution and linear
optimization is used to reconstruct a wide-field image. Single-pixel detection allows achieving lowlight sensitivity as well as multidimensional capability through the use of specialised sensing. This
technique also benefits from data collection strategies based on compressive sampling, which
makes use of the sparsity in natural scenes to recover an image from fewer measurements than
those expected by the Nyquist sampling rate, often less than 10%. In this communication, we show
that the resolution of the recovered image is only limited by the numerical aperture of the projecting
optics, regardless of the quality of the collection optics. We provide proof-of-principle experiments
where the single-pixel detection strategy outperforms the resolution achieved using a conventional
optical array detector (such as a CCD or CMOS camera) for optical imaging. We prove this result
with a low NA microscope objective. Spatial frequencies that are not transmitted through this low
quality optics are demonstrated to be present in the retrieved image through patterned illumination.
It is advantageous in the presence of real world conditions such as optical aberrations and optical
imperfections in between the sample and the sensor. As a matter of fact, we provide experimental
verification of image retrieval even when an optical diffuser prevents imaging with a megapixel
array camera.
4. Comparison of optical methods to measure the thickness of nanometer scale dielectric
films
Paper: AOP100-215
Author(s): Hugo Gonçalves, César Bernardo, Michael Scott Belsley, Peter Schellenberg, Univ. do
Minho (Portugal)
The capability of non-invasively measuring nanometer scale distances is essential for several
applications in biophysics and nanoscale material development. One widely used method to
ascertain thicknesses of thin dielectric films is ellipsometry. An alternative method consists in
monitoring the temporal dependence of the Foerster resonance energy transfer from donor to
acceptor molecules as function of distance. For dipole transitions, under quite general conditions,
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the transfer rate distance dependence is proportional to 1/R6 allowing one to measure donor acceptor distances on the order of a few nanometers. Often however, a need arises to characterize
distances in the range of a few tens of nanometers. We present preliminary measurements using
the quenching of chromophore fluorescence by graphene as a means of measuring scales in this
range and compare them to results obtained through ellipsometry. A series of nanometric
polymeric (PMMA) layers were spin-coated on top of pre-identified single layer graphene flakes on
glass substrates. By varying the concentration of PMMA and the rotation speed, films with
thickness between 5 and 70nm were obtained. These films were then thermally treated before
depositing a second sub-nanometer layer of PMMA containing chromophore. Ellipsometry was
used to verify the actual thicknesses of the deposited films. Using a home-made fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscope we characterized the lifetime of the excited chromophore as a
function of their distance from the graphene. With this approach we are able to measure distances
using an optical microscope, which are orders of magnitude lower than the diffraction limit.
5. Design and optimization of a spectrometer for spectral domain optical coherence
tomography
Paper: AOP100-167
Author(s): Hamid Hosseiny, Carla Carmelo Rosa,INESC Porto (Portugal) and Univ. do Porto
(Portugal)
There are several factors such as the chosen optical source, central wavelength, spectral
bandwidth, spectrometer optical components and the detector specifications that affect the overall
performance of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging system.
Among these factors a good design and implementation of the spectrometer is of paramount
importance as it directly affects the system resolution, sensitivity fall-off, maximum imaging depth,
SNR and in general the system performance. This study demonstrates the design steps, some
considerations and the simulation of the spectrometer by WinLens optical design software. The
imaging performance of this design is assessed. The obtained experimental results prove an
improvement of the overall performance of the SD-OCT system and agree with the expected
outcome from the design and simulation stage.
6. Experimental research of methods for clustering and selecting image fragments using
spatial invariant equivalent models
Paper: AOP100-238
Author(s): Vladimir G. Krasilenko, Vinnitsa Social Economy Institute (Ukraine); Alexander Lazarev,
Vinnitsa National Technical Univ. (Ukraine); Diana Nikitovich, Vinnitsa Social Economy Institute
(Ukraine)
We show that the nonlinear spatial equivalency functions on the basis of equivalence operations
(nonequivalence) continuous logic have better discriminatory properties for comparing images.
Using the models of equivalency multiport neural networks and associative memory (including
matrix-matrix and matrix-tensor and with the dual adaptive-weighted correlation, multi-port neuralnet auto-associative and hetero-associative memory (MP NN AAM and HAM), and the proposed
architecture based on them, we show how we can modify these models and architectures for
space-invariant associative recognition and clustering (high performance parallel clustering
processing) images. We consider possible implementations of 2D images classifiers,
decomposition devices into clusters of fragments of images and their architectures. The main base
unit of such architectures is a matrix-matrix or matrix-tensor equivalentor, which can be
implemented on the basis of two traditional correlators. We show that the classifiers based on the
equivalency paradigm and optoelectronic architectures with space-time integration and parallelserial 2D images processing have advantages such as increased memory capacity (more than ten
times of the number of neurons!), high performance in different modes. We present the results of
associative significant dimension (128x128, 610x340) image recognition – renewal modeling. It will
be shown that these models are capable to recognize images with a significant percentage (2030%) damaged pixels. The experimental results show that such models can be successfully used
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for auto- and hetero-associative pattern recognition. We show simulation results of using these
modifications for clustering and learning models and algorithms for cluster analysis of specific
images and divide them into categories of the array. Show example of a cluster division of
fragments of images, letters and graphics for clusters with simultaneous formation of the outputweighted spatial allocated images for each cluster. We show results of other model experiments
with images of large dimension, such as clustering fragments (blocks *7, 3*3, 11*11 and other
sizes) 610x340 image into 8 clusters. We show that it is the use of nonlinear processing and
nonlinear functions improves the quality of classification and image recognition. We offer criteria for
quality evaluation of patterns clustering with such MP NN AAM. It is shown that time of learning in
the proposed structures of multi-port neural net classifier/categorizer clustering (MP NN C) on the
basis of equivalency paradigm, due to their multi-port, decreases by orders and can be, in some
cases, just a few epochs.
7. Measurement of thickness distribution, optical constants, and roughness parameters of
rough non-uniform ZnSe thin films
Paper: AOP100-23
Author(s): Ivan Ohlídal, David Nečas, Daniel Franta, Masaryk Univ. (Czech Republic); Miloslav
Ohlídal, Brno Univ. of Technology (Czech Republic); Vladimír Čudek, Masaryk Univ. (Czech
Republic); Jiří Vodák, Brno Univ. of Technology (Czech Republic)
A combination of boundary roughness and thickness non-uniformity occurs for some films. A
method for the optical characterization of thin films exhibiting both the defects is presented here.
This method is based on combination of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE),
spectroscopic reflectometry (SR) and imaging spectroscopic reflectometry (ISR). Within VASE,
spectral dependencies of three associated ellipsometric parameters of the films studied are
measured for selected incidence angles. Within SR spectral reflectance is measured at nearnormal incidence. Application of ISR provides a set of spectral dependencies of local normalincidence reflectance of the measured films in each pixel of the CCD detector. Rayleigh-Rice
theory and thickness distribution density are used to include boundary roughness and thickness
non-uniformity, respectively, into formulae expressing the ellipsometric parameters and reflectance.
Experimental data of VASE and SR of each film are processed simultaneously using the leastsquares method. This step provides the optical constants in spectral range of interest and
parameters describing thickness non-uniformity and roughness of the upper boundaries of the films
investigated. Using ISR the fine distributions (maps) of local thickness and selected roughness
parameters are then determined. The method is applied to the optical characterization of ZnSe
epitaxial films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy onto gallium arsenide single crystal substrates.
The existence of overlayers on the upper boundaries of the ZnSe films is also taken into account.
8. Analysis of deformation of a heating body by means of digital holographic interferometry
Paper: AOP100-47
Author(s): Nicolás Budini, Univ. Tecnológica Nacional (Argentina) and Instituto de Física del Litoral
(Argentina); Cecilia Mulone, Fabio M. Vincitorio, Univ. Tecnológica Nacional (Argentina); Ana J.
López, Univ. da Coruña (Spain); Alberto Ramil, Univ. Tecnológica Nacional (Spain)
In this work we studied the thermal expansion during heating of an opaque body by means of
digital holographic interferometry, with the aim of dynamically quantifying and mapping small
displacements. For this purpose we implemented an off-axis digital lensless Fourier holography
setup and recorded videos, with a standard CMOS camera, during heating. In this way, a detailed
frame-by-frame dynamical analysis of the thermal expansion could be performed. Local
temperature variations were estimated by correlating the measured deformation with the volumetric
thermal expansion of the object. In order to test our calculations we compared the results with
simple computational simulations and thermographic images. The analysis of small displacements
and the possibility of mapping temperature distributions by holographic interferometry are
interesting and have straightforward applications in industrial and research activities.
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9. Morphologic evaluation of thin films by algorithms of optical phase stepping applied to
images obtained by interferential microscopy
Paper: AOP100-129
Author(s): Valentin J. Sarmiento, Pontificia Univ. Católica del Perú (Peru)
In the Optics Laboratory at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú it has been developed an
interferometric system for the measurement of thin film thickness, whose dimensions are on the
order of hundreds of nanometers. Because of this, the system is ensured to have a microscopic
target to obtain measurements as accurate as possible. One of the most used techniques is the
interferential microscopy and the digital obtainment of the optical phase by the algorithm (N+1)bucket. Nevertheless, due to its nature there are errors that affect the accuracy in obtaining the
surface shape of the film thin, so that the source of these errors and its attenuation are discussed
in this work by the results obtained by applying different algorithms on known surfaces. For fringe
patterns images generated by the shape of a certain surface, we should first align the optical
system and locate the surface image in the plane of the CMOS camera. Taking into account the
coherence properties of the light source, interference fringes overlaid with the surface image are
generated. Then we proceed to calibrate the piezoelectric transducer installed in the interferometric
system, this device is critical since it allows to vary the distance to the surface under study,
resulting in an interference fringes shift on the image plane which leads to a monitored shifting of
the optical phase. With every movement it’s caught a fringe pattern image, so in the end we have a
group of images whose only difference is the constant variation of the optical phase. The total
number of images to obtain depends on the processing algorithm to apply. The algorithm also will
help to determine the value of the phase introduced by the surface shape and, therefore, a
tridimensional image representing the shape surface under study will be generated.
10. SLM-based optical simulator for dynamic speckle analysis
Paper: AOP100-123
Author(s): Branimir Ivanov, Nataliya Berberova, Elena Stoykova, Institute of Optical Materials and
Technologies (Bulgaria)
The phenomenon of dynamic speckle is used for non-invasive whole-field detection and
visualization of physical or biological activity in various objects through statistical description of
laser speckle dynamics. Such activity is observed in biological samples or for processes of
vibration, corrosion, drying of paints or coatings etc. Speckle fluctuations are easily seen with a
bare eye but a comprehensive statistical analysis is required to retrieve relevant information. Usage
of modern 2D optical sensors to capture sequences of correlated 2D speckle patterns allows for
building a pointwise estimate of a given statistical measure by averaging over time. The estimate
should give a quantitative high contrast detailed 2D map that adequately reflects the spatial
distribution of activity. Effective way to check and improve the efficiency of statistical analysis is
generation of controlled speckle patterns. We propose in this paper an optical simulator of dynamic
speckle measurement that is based on SLM implementation. A correlated sequence of 2D random
phase distributions generated at a varying in space correlation radius of phase fluctuations are
successively fed to a phase-only SLM with a phase span of 2π. The different correlation between
the phase values fed to each pixel of the SLM forms regions of different activity. The SLM produces
under laser illumination a sequence of correlated 2D speckle patterns on a screen that are
captured by a photo-sensor. The simulator was used to estimate the sensitivity and spatial
resolution provided by pointwise correlation-based algorithms.
11. Real-time method for determination of speckle activity in dynamic speckle patterns
Paper: AOP100-49
Author(s): Cecilia Mulone, Univ. Tecnológica Nacional (Argentina); Nicolás Budini, Univ.
Tecnológica Nacional (Argentina) and Instituto de Física del Litoral (Argentina); Fabio M. Vincitorio,
Univ. Tecnológica Nacional (Argentina); Ana J. López, Alberto Ramil, Univ. da Coruña (Spain)
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In this work we present a method to quantify the activity of dynamic speckle patterns in quasi realtime. Speckle pattern originating on a surface and its characteristic grainy structure with apparently
random intensity levels are due to the way a coherent light wavefront is reflected on the
irregularities of the analysed surface. In this way, different wavefronts are produced, which mutually
interfere and carry information about the structure of the reflecting surface. We developed real-time
software for analysing dynamic speckle patterns of different samples (organic and inorganic) and
quantify their activity levels, being based on a recently proposed method [Budini et al. Optik 124
(24) (2013)]. The method allows choosing interactively the area to be evaluated and returns a
mobility or activity index from the information contained in the speckle pattern and its time
evolution. We sought to correlate the obtained time series of mobility values with, for example, the
aging process of fruits or drying of paint, in order to set the basis for development of future
standardized quality control procedures.
12. Physic-chemical properties of biodiesel to be subjected to ultraviolet radiation: using
thermal lens spectrometry
Paper: AOP100-73
Author(s): Fernanda Gomes Linhares, Wellington da Costa Silva, Victor Haber Perez, Marcelo
Silva Sthel, Maria Priscila Pessanha de Castro, Helion Vargas, Univ. Estadual do Norte
Fluminense (Brazil)
Biodiesel is no longer a promise but a reality in the global scenario, this biofuel comes from a
renewable energy matrix and can complement or replace dependence on fossil fuels. Increasing
demand for biodiesel, needs a suitable choice of materials to be used for its production. Therefore,
the characterization of this fuel becomes relevant because these properties are essential for the
evaluation of the composition of raw materials and products obtained, being essential, for example,
determine the thermal stability, storage period and temperature. In this work we submit the sample
of soybean biodiesel ultraviolet radiation and evaluate the physical properties of viscosity using a
conventional technique, the thermal diffusivity using the technique of Thermal Lens. The viscosity
expresses the resistance to flow and thermal diffusivity measuring the rapidity with which the heat
propagates in the sample. The TL Spectrometry occurs when heat is deposited in the sample by
absorbing light. The generation of heat induces a change in the intensity of the laser beam center
that propagates through the sample and is detected in a time interval, resulting in a gradient of
refractive index with temperature (dn/dT). This variation depends on the properties of the material
analyzed, such as the optical absorption coefficientand the thermal diffusivity. Due to the
complexity of the degradation process, which is crucial to check the thermal stability of biodiesel,
the results of thermal properties will be compared with those obtained by the technique of gas
chromatography to analyze the compounds.
13. Optical spectroscopy in the analysis of Portuguese porous granites
Paper: AOP100-186
Author(s): P. R. S. Prezas, Manuel Pedro F. Graca, Manuel J. Soares, S. K. Mendiratta, J.
Monteiro, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); H. G. Silva, Univ. de Évora (Portugal)
Seismo-electromagnetic phenomena (SEM) is a broad research field that studies the conversion of
mechanical (seismic/acoustic) stimulus into electromagnetic emissions. To understand properly
SEM it is important to study the structural, morphological, electrical and dielectric properties of
rocks, in order to establish the charge transport mechanisms. The electrical properties are known
to be affected by the existence of water structurally inserted on the pores (open and/or close
pores). Due to the high pressure conditions, this pore water can constitute a metastable liquid at
temperatures down to ~200 K, named supercooled water. At the critical temperature Tc, the pore
water freezes as an amorphous ice structure and changes in the dielectric properties are
observable, due to the decrease of the dielectric constant. The present work aims to give some
feedback about the structural features of the water inside the pores by employing temperaturedependent Raman spectroscopy. Raman measurements should help to understand important
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properties such as the attachment of water to the pore walls and also to evaluate the evolution of
the pore water content with the increase of the temperature.
14. Optical non-invasive 3D characterization of pottery of pre-colonial Paranaiba valley'
tribes
Paper: AOP100-219
Author(s): Manuel F. M. Costa, Univ. do Minho (Portugal); Wagner Magalhães, Univ. de São Paulo
(Brazil)
Optical non-invasive inspection tools and methods had expensively proven, for several decades
now, their invaluable importance in the preservation of cultural heritage and artwork. In this paper
we will report on an optical non-invasive microtopographic characterization work on pre-historical
and pre-colonial ceramics and pottery of tribes in the Paranaiba valley in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The
samples object of this work were collected at the Inhazinha archeological site (19º 10'00" S / 47°
11'00" W) in the vicinity of Perdizes municipality in transition between the West mining area and the
“triangle” area in the center of Brazil. It is a hilly region (850m high) traversed by a number of rivers
and streams tributary of Araguari river like Quebra Anzol river and Macaúba and Olegário streams.
The Inhazinha site’ excavations are part of the Project Jigsaw Hook which since 1980 aimed the
establishment of a chrono-cultural framework associated with the study of the socio-cultural
dynamics corresponding to successive occupations of hunter-recollector-farmer’ tribes in
prehistoric and pre-colonial times in the Paranaíba valley in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two groups of
indigenous Indian occupations were found. Both of the pre-colonial period dated at 1,095 ± 186
years ago (TL-FATEC/SP for Zone 1) and of the early nineteenth century dated at 212 ± 19 years
ago (EMS-CENA-USP/SP) and 190 ± 30 years ago (C14-BETA/USA) in Zone 2 seemingly
occupied by southern Kayapós tribes. The pottery found is decorated with incisions with different
geometric distributions and levels of complexity.
15. Metameric colors in restoration
Paper: AOP100-168
Author(s): Andrei Hrib, Roxana-Elena Stanculescu Patru, Dana O. Dorohoi, Univ. Alexandru Ioan
Cuza (Romania)
Restoration of works of art - paintings and polychrome surface-chromatic reintegration and values
lacunar areas should be performed so that the interference image recovery and the message is
imperceptible by vizual inspection in daylight. To highlight the chromatic reintegration interventions
are photographic documentation of restoration, physico-chemical and biological investigations, and
journal preservation and restoration of the object. But in practice restoration, reintegration colour
exactly, there are situations that make a partial recovery of the image. This is because most of the
action unrepeatable act of creation, which involves both an objective look - colour by three
characteristics: hue, brightness, saturation, and a subjective aspect, given the texture, scattering,
transparent paint layer (the manner of execution and hence subjectivity of the artist). Chromatic
reintegration gaps occur a phenomenon embarrass restorer: restored area can be regarded as
perfect reintegrated into the daylight, very different when seen in the light of different spectral
composition, and light a light bulb filament or a neon or halogen bulb. This paper presents some
properties metameric colours: azurite, manganese blue and phthalo-cyanine blue - cerulean blue.
Are important results in solving the problem by reducing the phenomenon of metamerism.
16. Photoelectrochemical solar cells based on conducting polymers, single wall carbon
nanotube and fullerene
Paper: AOP100-78
Author(s): Luiz C. P. Almeida, Adilson R. Prado, Marcos B. J. G. de Freitas, Univ. Federal do
Espírito Santo (Brazil); Ana F. Nogueira, Univ. Estadual de Campinas (Brazil); Moisés R. N.
RIbeiro, Maria José Pontes, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil)
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In this work, we prepared photoelectrochemical solar cells based on multilayer thin films of poly(pphenylenevinylene) (PPV) and polythyophene (PTEBS) derivatives, carboxylic-functionalized
single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT-COOH) and water-soluble fulleropirrolidine (C60+). All
films were produced by electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition from aqueous solution. First, we
investigated a bilayer architecture consisting of a block of (PPV/DBS)100 (electron-donating layer)
assembled onto ITO electrodes, followed by an electron-accepting block comprising
(PEI/SWCNTs-COOH)n bilayers (where n=3, 5 and 8), resulting in a final
[(PPV/DBS)100:(PEI/SWCNTs-COOH)n] architecture [1]. In the sequence, we studied multilayer
films consisting of alternating layers of PTEBS and C60+ fullerene derivative. These films,
represented as (PTEBS/C60+)m, were prepared with up to 40 bilayers. Multilayer adsorption and
film growth of both types of films were investigated upon collecting the electronic spectrum after
deposition of each bilayer and morphological aspects of the films were obtained by epifluorescence
and AFM microscopies. Steady-state PL spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical experiments
confirm charge transfer from PPV to SWCNT and from PTEBS to C60+ through photocurrent
generation obtained from chronoamperometric measurements and I×V curves under illumination.
We acknowledge support from CAPES, CNPQ, PETROBRAS and FAPESP.
17. Fill-factor and performance optimization in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells
Paper: AOP100-162
Author(s): Luiz R. Pereira, António J. Trindade, Mauro G Santos, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal) and
i3N – Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (Portugal); João Gomes,
CeNTI - Ctr. for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials (Portugal)
As organic solar cells of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) architecture are achieving efficiencies and
lifetimes closer to the minimum required for commercialization, there is the need to study different
modulus disposition, size, electrical connections and individual cell behavior. In particular, the last
point should be carefully optimized in order to achieve to a status that allows further applications.
One of the most important key to improve the BHJ is the fill-factor (FF) that results from the
contribution of the principal figures of merit of the device. In this work, a detailed study of the FF
dependence factors on BHJs with an active layer of MEH-PPV (poly(2-methoxy-5-(2ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) / PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) is
made. It is found that the FF changes from near 20% up to more than 50%, depending on the
current – voltage shape in fourth quadrant (“s-shape” or “normal”) and depends on the photovoltaic
equivalent circuit parameters, namely the changes in parallel and series resistances, as well in the
voltage open circuit, short circuit current and generated photocurrent. The final influence on the
efficiency is clearly (from less than 1% to more than 3%). The active layer morphology shows the
influence of the local conformation on the overall macroscopic performance and can be related with
the physical phenomena involving the BHJ process. A theoretical simulation related with the FF
optimization, is made allowing a better understand of the physical process involved in the current –
voltage behavior that modulates such parameter.
18. Influence of a bleaching post-exposure treatment in the performance of H-PDLC devices
with high electrical conductivity
Paper: AOP100-97
Author(s): Manuel Ortuño, Andrés Márquez, Roberto Fernandez, Sergi Gallego, Victor NavarroFuster, Augusto Belendez, Inmaculada Pascual, Univ. de Alicante (Spain)
Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLC) are made by holographic recording in a
photo-polymerization induced phase separation process in which the liquid crystal molecules
diffuse to dark zones in the diffraction grating where, once the recording step is finished, they can
be oriented by means of an electric field. The orientation of the liquid crystal produces a refractive
index variation which changes the diffraction efficiency. Therefore, the grating develops a dynamic
behavior that may be modified by means of an electronic device. In this manner, it is possible to
make dynamic devices such as tunable-focus lenses, sensors, phase modulators or prism gratings.
The objective of a H-PDLC material is to act as a support for an electro-optical dynamic device.
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Bearing this in mind, the material must have a low thickness for a low electric field. In this work, we
study a photopolymer formulation with high diffraction efficiency but with the problem of high
electrical conductivity. The voltage of the H-PDLC devices can only be increased up to 60 V and
therefore the electro-optical response is very poor. We have identified several ionic components of
the photopolymer formulation that could be related to the high electric current intensity obtained
when the voltage is increased. We use a bleaching post-exposure treatment providing a better
result. The voltage can then be increased up to 125 V and the devices have a better electro-optical
performance.
19. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) doped with trivalent europium ions (Eu3+) with
luminescent features aimed at polymeric optical fibers (POF)
Paper: AOP100-188
Author(s): Alex Santos Borges, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil) Samara T. Leite,
Anselmo Frizera Neto, Maria José Pontes, Moisés R.N. Ribeiro, Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo
(Brazil); Adilson Ribeiro Prado, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil)
The rare earth elements (RE) have increased its industrial importance in the last few years, since
its applications are diverse as magnets, batteries, monitors and an active element for amplification
in optical fibers. Among RE characteristics, where the most stable oxidation state are trivalent, are
its higher thermodynamic stability, lower coordination number, the greater ionic character of the
metal-ligand binding capacity and lower decomposition. This work seeks to produce
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) doped with trivalent europium ions (Eu3+) with luminescente
features aimed at building devices applied in photonics. For doping of PMMA with trivalent
europium ions (Eu3+), it is critical to select the ideal ligand that can accommodate the TR in the
polymer matrix. For this purpose, a beta-dicetones was used. The choice of PMMA is due to its
current commercial use in polymeric optical fibers (POF) and be easily processed. The result was a
material with great accommodation space and charge for the RE that enables observing stimulated
emission at approximately 630 nm. Experimental evaluation was also performed to verify the
thermodynamic and chemical stability of the sample that confirmed no degradation of the material
in the extrusion process and production of Eu+3 doped fibers.
20. Studies of the Yb3+, Er3+ doping on the glass transition and crystallization kinetic
promised for photovoltaic application TeO2 based glasses
Paper: AOP100-190
Author(s): P. R. S. Prezas, Manuel Pedro F. Graca, M. A. Valente, Univ. de Aveiro, Valente, M. A.,
Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); P. Bragiel, M. J. Piasecki, M., J. Długosz Univ. (Poland)
TeO2 based glasses prepared by the melt-quenching technique, with the molar composition (70-xy)TeO2-20WO3-10Y2O3-xEr2O3-yYb2O3, with x=0, 0,5, y=0, 0,5, 1, 2, 4 was found to be
promising for potential applications in optical amplification, in particular in erbium doped fiber
optical amplifiers (EDFA) and Raman amplifiers, and also in spectral conversion for applications in
photovoltaic technology. Transparent TeO2 based glasses were fabricated via the conventional
melt-quenching technique. The amorphous and the glassy nature of the samples were respectively,
confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass
transition and crystallization parameters were evaluated under non-isothermal conditions at 3001300 K temperature range using DSC technique with different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20
K/min). The correlation between the heating rate dependent glass transition and the crystallization
temperatures was discussed.
21. Effect of Yb3+ ,Er3+ , Pr3+ and Tm3+ doping on the third-order nonlinear optical
properties of BLFT glasses measured by Z scan
Paper: AOP100-184
Author(s): R. Miedziński, J. Długosz Univ. (Poland); Suresh Kumar Jakka, M. P. Graca, Manuel J.
Soares, M. A. Valente, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal); M. Piasecki, J. Długosz Univ. (Poland)
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Barium lanthanum Fluorotellurite (BLFT) is a low phonon glass. In present paper we present thirdorder nonlinearity coefficient measured for different sets of rare earth doped BLFT glasses
prepared by the melt-quenching technique, with the molar composition (60-x) TeO2 + 20 BaF2 +
10 LaF3 + 10 SiO2 + x REF3 (RE=Yb/Er/Pr/Tm) utilizing conventional Z- scan technique. We
performed measurements in the picosecond regime at 532 and 1064 nm, yielding the values of the
third-order nonlinear susceptibilities at those wavelengths.
22. Exploration of electrical signal addressing parameters in digital phase-only LCoS
devices
Paper: AOP100-58
Author(s): Francisco J. Martínez, Andrés Márquez, Sergi Gallego, Manuel Ortuño, Jorge Francés,
Augusto Beléndez, Inmaculada Pascual, Univ. de Alicante (Spain)
Digitally addressed parallel aligned liquid crystal on silicon displays (PA-LCoS) have found wide
acceptance in applications requiring phase-only modulation. Much attention has been given in the
literature to the phase flicker they may exhibit produced by the pulse width modulated signal
(PWM) used to addressed the image to the device. However there are a number of parameters
which may affect the optical modulation capabilities of these digital devices and which may be used
to enhance their performance in applications. In this work we show how these parameters, such as
voltage range or sequence format may be used to produce the necessary dynamic ranges to
generate specific modulation regimes useful in applications such as diffractive optics. To this goal
we apply calibration techniques developed in our lab, basically the classical linear polarimeter
extended to take into account the existence of flicker, which enables to measure both the linear
retardance and its fluctuation amplitude in PA-LCoS devices. Experimental results will be provided
showing the usefulness of the approach to LCoS users interested in optimizing their performance in
applications.
FRIDAY 30 MAY
Plenary Session VI
9:00 - 9:45
Rarefaction pulses and coherent cavitation in liquid light beams (Plenary Presentation)
Paper AOP100-89
Author(s): Humberto Michinel, Angel Paredes, David Feijoo, Univ. de Vigo (Spain)
We present a numerical analysis of traveling wave solutions in a background of coherent light
inside a cubic (focusing) - quintic (defocusing) non-linear material. We discuss a family of
stationary traveling waves, including rarefaction pulses and vortex-antivortex pairs, that exist in a
background of critical beam amplitude. These "optical bubbles" correspond to the phenomenon of
cavitation in a fluid, taking place in the "liquid of light" described in previous literature. Alternatively,
we discuss a situation in which the coherence properties system allow interference, providing a
scenario with essential differences and similarities with usual liquids.
Session Fr.1.a
9:45 - 10:45
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On the impact of fiber-delay-lines (FDL) in an all-optical network (AON) bottleneck without
wavelength conversion (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-34
Author(s): Pablo Jesus Argibay-Losada, Gokhan Sahin, Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
Random access memories (RAM) are fundamental in conventional electronic switches and routers
to manage short-term congestion and to decrease data loss probabilities. Switches in all-optical
networks (AONs), however, do not have access to optical RAM, and therefore are prone to much
higher loss levels than their electronic counterparts. Fiber-delay-lines (FDLs), able to delay an
optical data packet a fixed amount of time, have been proposed in the literature as a means to
alleviate those high loss levels. However, they are extremely bulky to manage, so their usage
introduces a trade-off between practicality and performance in the design and operation of the
AON. In this paper we study the influence that FDLs have in the performance of flows crossing an
all-optical switch that acts as their bottleneck. We show how extremely low numbers of FDLs (e.g.,
1 or 2) can help in reducing losses by several orders of magnitude in several illustrative scenarios
with high aggregation levels. Our results therefore suggest that FDLs can be a practical means of
dealing with congestion in AONs in the absence of optical RAM buffers or of suitable data
interchange protocols specifically designed for AONs.
Energy-aware RWA for IP transport over WDM networks
Paper AOP100-218
Author(s): Miguel Henriques, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (Portugal); Pedro Pinho,
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal);
António L. Teixeira, Univ. de Aveiro (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal)
Since greenhouse gas emissions and energy crisis have been gaining increasing focus in last
years, some energy preservation solutions are being investigated in many areas. In ICT
(Information and Communication Technologies) sector, due to fast growth of traffic requirements
and consequently energy consumption, many studies in order minimize energy consumption in
ICT, have been released.
In this paper, based on, the energy consumption for different network architectures such as IP
(Internet Protocol) over WDM networks (Wavelength Division Multiplexing), IP over OTN (Optical
Transport Network) over WDM, are presented. Two different RWA (Routing and Wavelength
Assignment) techniques were also applied: by shortest path and lower network energy
consumption. The energy saving by using optical bypass technique was also studied. SLR (Single
Line Rate) networks were considered. Based on all these combinations, six optimization models
were implemented and compared. The network topology was based at real Portuguese network
from one telecommunications operator. Also the traffic pattern and forecast (from 2005 to 2017),
was considered based at statistical information. Comparison between different models were
performed and demonstrated an energy saving which, in most of the cases can be higher than 50%
by using optical bypass, also highest energy saving by avoiding OTN layer. By using lower network
energy consumption as RWA technique, energy saving reached 51% than by shortest path.
Efficiency analysis on platform over the top (OTT) to deploy content and applications
(edutainment) in digital television on optical network link
Paper AOP100-143
Author(s): William S. Puche, Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid (Colombia), Univ.
Pontificia Bolivariana (Colombia); Javier E. Sierra, Univ. Pontificia Bolivariana (Colombia); Gustavo
A. Moreno, Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid (Colombia)
The convergence of new technologies in the digital world, has made devices with internet
connectivity such as televisions, smatphone, Tablet, Blu -ray, media center, game consoles,
among others, to increase more and more. Therefore the major research centers are in the task of
improving the network performance to mitigate the bottle neck phenomenon regarding capacity and
high transmission rates in information and data. The implementation of standard HbbTV (Hybrid
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Broadcast Broadband TV), and technological platforms OTT (Over The Top), which allow to
distribute video, audio, TV, and other Internet services via devices connected directly to the cloud.
Therefore a model to improve the transmission capacity of the optical link, mitigating effects of
nonlinearity, supported in content distribution networks (CDN) in online TV is proposed.
Session Fr.1.b
9:45 - 10:45
Solid to liquid light: Soliton dynamics using GPU computing (Invited Paper)
Paper AOP100-247
Author(s): Ariel R. Guerreiro, Univ. do Porto (Portugal), INESC Porto (Portugal); Nuno A. Silva,
The Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) in one of the most fundamental
equation in Physics, with applications from Optics to Condensed matter, however solving it in
systems with high dimensionality and complex structure proves to be a challenge for both analytical
and computer based numerical techniques. Not surprisingly, many implementations of standard
algorithms used to solve the GNLSE, such as the symmetric split step Fourier method, require the
use of supercomputers and yield runs which last long times. In this presentation, we discuss how
the recent development of the heterogeneous programming paradigm that allows to use several
CPUs and GPUs in parallel, combined with the new generation of general purpose GPU, have
paved the way for new approaches that allow to address high complexity problems using desktop
computers and having performances close to supercomputers. We present the results obtained
using this approach to solve the GNLSE in (2+1)D systems with cubic-quintic nonlinearity. In these
cases, it is possible to find several types of soliton-like solutions that exhibit dynamics and
behaviour the can resemble from rigid particles to droplets of water.
Optical response of fractal aggregates of polarizable particles
Paper AOP100-28
Author(s): Rui Pereira, Joel Borges, Paulo Pereira, Georgi V. Smirnov, Filipe Vaz, Univ. do Minho
(Portugal); Albano Cavaleiro, Univ. de Coimbra (Portugal); Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy, Univ. do Minho
(Portugal)
We show that clustering of polarizable metallic nanoparticles (NPs) can help achieving spectrally
broad surface plasmon resonance band, especially if NPs aggregate into fractal clusters. The
optical susceptibility of such clusters is calculated using coupled dipole equations and used to
construct an effective dielectric function of the composite film. The latter is employed to calculate
the optical response of the structure using standard multilayer optics. We analyse the effect of NP
material, dimensionality and size of the fractal cluster, as well as the film and substrate dielectric
constants, and compare to experimental data obtained for Au/TiO2 nanocomposite system.
Attenuation in left-handed waveguide structure using equivalent current theory method
Paper AOP100-199
Author(s): H. M. Musa, Al Azhar Univ. (Palestinian Territory, Occupied); M. M. Shabat, Islamic
Univ. of Gaza (Palestinian Territory, Occupied)
In this work, we derived the propagation and attenuation characteristics of both TE and TM waves
in a waveguide structure consisting of Left Handed Material (LHM) film by using the equivalent
current theory of optical waveguide coupling method. The dispersion relations and the attenuation
coefficient were numerically solved for a given set of parameters: allowed phase angles; core’s
thicknesses; and propagation constants. We found that lower attenuation is realized for higher
propagation constants.
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Moreover, attenuation coefficient has same small positive values for all thickness in phase angles
range of values (0° - 57°). Besides that, the attenuation decreases to negative values with
thickness increase in phase angles range of values (57° - 90°) which means a gain in the wave is
achieved for wider buffer layer and at larger phase angles. We also found that, TE waves have
lower attenuation than that of TM waves.
Coffee Break
10:45 - 11:15
Closing Session
11:15 - 12:30
The International Year of Light 2015
Mourad Zghal
European Physical Society – EPS
Awards Ceremony
Closing remarks
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