Aus der Geschichte der Weimarer Republik Das Krisenjahr 1923

Aus der Geschichte der Weimarer Republik Das Krisenjahr 1923

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!"#$%%&'(#)*+,##!"#!$%&!$'$()*'+,-%.!/'0&!
!
!"#$%&'$(&#)*+)*,&$%&'$-&+./'&'$0&1"23+4$
$
5/#$6'+#&78/*'$9:;<$
!
-./0!"#$%%&'(#)1&+2345&6$74859:;34',<4=>4?&"@#$"34)A4
!
B6%$)),#$"C%@DD$"!
!"#$%%&'(#)1E'($%!
100%!2,-#0%.!(3!45!2,-#06(-78!!
>%+,-',-*%8! >%+%00+,-(?*+0%-7%8!
9#:%.$;!#.$!<7=(,-+%.%.3'0$#.:!
@A0'*'+,-%!B'0$#.:!
!
F@%G*$)'(%$&*@"C46$)4/&+2)4
C(+! 9(-7! DEFG! '+*! :%H7I:*! $#7,-! $%.! J#-7)(&H?8! $'%! K%7-%%7%.$%.! 1#+='7)#.:%.!
$%7!L.?0(*'A.!#.$!$%.!M'*0%7H#*+,-5!2%0*%.%!CA)#&%.*(7(#?.(-&%.!#.$!$7(&(*'+,-%!
2H'%0+"%.%.!K%7&'**%0.!%'.%.!0%3%.$':%.!<'.$7#,)!KA.!$'%+%.!N7'+%.5!
L&! O'**%0H#.)*! +*%-*! $%7! $(&(0':%! J%',-+)(."0%7! >#+*(K! 2*7%+%&(..! KA.! $%7! C%#*;
+,-%.!PA0)+H(7*%'5!2%'.%!@A0'*')!K%7+#,-*!$'%!>%?(-7%.8!$'%!$(+!C%#*+,-%!J%',-!KA.!
'..%.! #.$! KA.! (#Q%.! 3%$7A-%.8! (3"#=%-7%.5! R7A*"! HA0'*'+,-%7! <7?A0:%! ='7$! 2*7%+%;
&(..!'.!%'.%7!-'*"':!:%?S-7*%.!@(70(&%.*+$%3(**%!KA.!+%'.%&!NA(0'*'A.+H(7*.%78!$%7!
2@C8!:%+*S7"*5!
!
H&$+$46$)4/&+2)4
C'%!2,-S0%7'..%.!#.$!2,-S0%7!+A00%.!?A0:%.$%!@7A30%&+*%00#.:%.!%7(73%'*%.T!
!!!L.='%?%7.!=(7%.!$'%!N7'+%.!$%+!9(-7%+!DEFG!%'.%!B%$7A-#.:!?S7!$'%!$%&A)7(*'+,-%!!
!!!<.*=',)0#.:!$%7!6#.:%.!U%'&(7%7!J%H#30')V!
!!!B%+,-7%'3*!=%+%.*0',-%!W7+(,-%.!#.$!N%.."%',-%.!$%+!J#-7)(&H?%+8!$%7!L.?0(*'A.!!
!!!#.$!$%+!M'*0%7H#*+,-%+5!
!!!P%7+#,-*!%'.%.!X#+(&&%.-(.:!"='+,-%.!$'%+%.!N7'+%.!-%7"#+*%00%.5!
!!!U(7#&! =(7! J%',-+)(."0%7! 2*7%+%&(..! 3%'! $%7! YZ+#.:! $%7! @7A30%&%! '.! %'.%7! 3%;!
!!!+A.$%7+!+,-='%7':%.!2'*#(*'A.V!
!!!U'%!3%#7*%'0*!'-7!+%'.%!@A0'*')!#.$!+%'.%.!2*#7"!(0+!J%',-+)(."0%7V!
!
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[!
!
5$%+$&(4&"4I$@#)'(+,"6J!UB/;W.*%77',-*+?'0&%!)Z..%.! 3%'!$%7!O%-7"(-0!$%7!Y(.$%+;8!2*($*;!#.$!N7%'+3'0$+*%00%.!
+A='%!$%.!O%$'%."%.*7(0%.!%.*0'%-%.!=%7$%.5!
K)#$%%$&'(J!B#.$%+&'.'+*%7'#&!?S7!B'0$#.:8!U'++%.+,-(?*!#.$!N#0*#78!U'%.8!$#7,-!$'%!Y(.$%+3'0$+*%00%.!3"=5!B%"'7)+;
3'0$+*%00%.!+A='%!O%$'%."%.*7(0%.5!
:'(A$&GJ!2,-=%'"%7'+,-%!2,-#0?'0&;P%70%'-+*%00%.!'.!JA7+,-(,-8!B(+%08!XS7',-!#.$!O%$'%."%.*7(0%.5!
!
!"#$%&'()%*+,-#./*%+,)#&-*#0%12*
!"#$%&'#()*#+,(%$,#-./*,#%(#0,*#0,)'"1/,(#2,"1/%1/',3#%(#0,(,(#,451/.6,#!*,%$(%"",
7#+%,#8%1/'#%(#,%(,9#:*,(($6."#7#;)".99,('*,<<,(=#>."#-./*#?@AB#%"'#,%(#"561/,"#0%7
0.C'%"1/,"# >.')9# DE=7-=# F.(0,6G=# >%,# "1/+,*,(# H*%",(# 0%,","# -./*,"# &,0*5/,(# 0%,
!I%"',(;# 0,*# J,%9.*,*# K,4)&6%C# )(0# L,*+,%",(# "1/6.$6%1/'.*'%$# .)<# $*)(0"M';6%1/,
F*5&6,9,#0,*#N)($,(#>,95C*.'%,=#:,$*%<<,#+%,#OH*%",(N./*P#7#OQ1/%1C".6"N./*P#7#O)(",7
6%$,"#-./*P#9.1/,(#0%,"#0,)'6%1/R
34,5('267
"
!871')%98
"
:%)1-564)*+,
"
außenpolitische Spannungen# %9# S,*/M6'(%"# ;)9# O!*;<,%(0P
T*.(C*,%1/
wirtschaftliche Probleme3#/,*L5*$,*)<,(#0)*1/#0,(#L,*65*,(,(
U=# J,6'C*%,$3# 0%,# K,4.*.'%5("6,%"')($,(# .(# 0%,# Q%,$,*9M1/',
)(0#0%,#V(',*"'W';)($#0,*#Q'*,%C,(0,(#.(#0,*#K)/*#0)*1/#0%,
K,%1/"*,$%,*)($#D>*)1C,(#L5(#:.(C(5',(G
innenpolitische Krisen,# .)"$,6X"'# 0)*1/# 0%,# +%*'"1/.<'6%1/,(
)(0#456%'%"1/,(#T56$,(#0,*#Y%,0,*6.$,#%9#U=#J,6'C*%,$#)(0#0,*
T5*0,*)($# *,1/',*# H*,%",# (.1/# ,%(,9# "'.*C,(# )(0# )(.&/M(7
$%$,(#>,)'"1/6.(0
O>%,#J,%9.*,*#K,4)&6%C#7#%("&,"5(0,*,#0%,#-./*,#?@AB#7#?@A@#7#?@BB#7#"%(0#<W*#0%,
456%'%"1/,# >%"C)""%5(# 0,*# :)(0,"*,4)&6%C# ,%(# "'M(0%$,"# K,",*L5%*# .(# Z*$)9,(',(=
F56%'%"1/,#J.*()($,(#)(0#:,"'M'%$)($,(#.C'),66,(#E.(0,6("#$*,%<,(#%99,*#(51/#.)<
!*,%$(%"",#0%,",*#[,%'#;)*W1C=P#DH.'/,*%(.#\,/6,*G
! Was ist uns Deutschen Freiheit bei vermindertem Wohlstand wert?
! Inwiefern gefährdet wirtschaftliche Not die innenpolitische Stabilität?
! Welche Rolle spielt der Rechtsradikalismus in ökonomischen Krisensituationen
und wie kann man diese Gefahr abwenden?
U(#0%,",*#Q%').'%5(#0,*#,I%"',('%,66,(#:,0*5/)($#?@AB#$*,(;'#,"#(./,;)#.(#,%(#J)(7
0,*3# 0.""# 0,*# Q'..'# (%1/'# ,(0$W6'%$# .)",%(.(0,*&*%1/'=# U9# H*%",(N./*# ?@AB# L,*C(W47
<,(#"%1/#0%,#F*5&6,9,#0,*#Z(<.($";,%'# 0,*# K,4)&6%C# O;)# ,%(,9# "1/,%(&.*# )(,('+%**7
&.*,(# H(5',(=# >%,# 8X")($# 0,"# H(5',("# <W/*'# %(# .66,(# :,*,%1/,(# ;)# ,%(,*# (,),(3
',%6+,%",# $*)(06,$,(0# L,*M(0,*',(# Q%').'%5(=# U("5<,*(# %"'# 0."# -./*# ?@AB# .)1/# ,%(,
[,%'#0,*#J,%1/,("',66)($#<W*#0%,#+,%',*,(#-./*,#0,*#K,4)&6%C=P#DV=#].^,*G
;%81-8(-8#%8#&-5
34,575'<=>,548<*5-7952
?98#@ABC
" !('"4.(()($# %9# S,*/M6'7 "
(%"# ;+%"1/,(# >,)'"1/6.(0
)(0#T*.(C*,%1/
" W&,*+%(0,'# 0%,# U(<6.'%5(3 "
6,%','# 0%,# 2560,(,(# [+.(7
;%$,*#,%(
>,*# S,*'*.$# L5(# 851.*(5
9.1/'# >,)'"1/6.(0# +%,0,*
;)9#.(,*C.((',(#F.*'(,*
>%,# S,*.*9)($# 0,"# :W*$,*7
')9"# +%*0# 0,9# J,%9.*,*
Q^"',9#;)*#8."'#$,6,$'
" (.1/# ?@AB# $%&'# ,"# C,%(,( " >%,# K,1/',# +%*0# %(# %/*,*# Z&7
D%-&-5*+,1'<48<
&-*#:%)1-564)*+,-*
F)'"1/L,*")1/#L5(#*,1/'"
6,/()($# 0,*# K,4)&6%C# $,7
"'M*C'# )(0# $,+%(('# .(# !%(7
<6)""
>%,#!%(;,64/M(59,(,#K)/*C.94<3#U(<6.'%5(3#E%'6,*4)'"1/#CX((,(#.*&,%'"',%6%$#,*.*&,%7
','#)(0#L5*$,"',66'#+,*0,(=#]%'#",%(,(#0*.9.'%"1/,(#Q4%,6";,(,(#,6,9,('.*%"%,*'#)(0
C5(C*,'%"%,*'#0%,",*#V(',**%1/'"<%69#.&"'*.C',#S5*$M($,#)(0#,*6,%1/',*'#,"#0,(#Q1/W6,7
*%((,(#)(0#Q1/W6,*(3#,%(,(#[)".99,(/.($#;+%"1/,(#0,(#H*%",(#;)#,*C,((,(=
7#A#7
T56$,(0,# W&,*$*,%<,(0,# /%"'5*%"1/7456%'%"1/,(# Q1/+,*4)(C',# 6."",(# "%1/# 9%'# E%6<,
0,"#T%69"#&,%"4%,6/.<'#,*.*&,%',(R
! >."#U(,%(.(0,*$*,%<,(#L5(#J%*'"1/.<'#)(0#F56%'%C
! [)".99,(/M($,#;+%"1/,(#U((,(7#)(0#Z)_,(456%'%C
! K.0%C.6%"%,*)($#$,",66"1/.<'6%1/,*#2*)44,(#%(#[,%',(#+%*'"1/.<'"456%'%"1/,*#H*%",(
!!"#!8,'1)#&-*#0%12*
!%(,#Q4%,6<%69";,(,#;,%$'#C)*;,#Q%').'%5(,(#.)"#0,9#K)/*C.94<#?@ABR
JM/*,(0#0,"#D4.""%L,(G#J%0,*"'.(0,"#$,$,(#0%,#<*.(;X"%"1/,# :,".';)($"9.1/'#"1/*,%&'#,%(# Z*7
&,%',*# /,%96%1/# ,%(,# F.*56,# .(# 0%,# J.(0=# !%(,# T*.)# &,C6.$'# 0%,# 2,<.($,((./9,# %/*,"# ].((,"
0)*1/#0%,#T*.(;5",(=#!*#"566#;)9#.C'%L,(#J%0,*"'.(0#.)<$,*)<,(#/.&,(=
J%,#C.9#,"#;)9#"5#$,(.((',(#K)/*C.94<`
>5C)9,('.*.)<(./9,(# )(0# ;,%'$,(X""%"1/,# :%60a),66,(# L,*9%'',6(# ,%(,(# !%(0*)1C
L5(#0,(#0*.9.'%"1/,(#S5*$M($,(#%9#T*W/N./*#?@ABR
T*.(;X"%"1/,#)(0#&,6$%"1/,#b*)44,(#9.*"1/%,*,(#%("#K)/*$,&%,'#,%(=#Z6"#2*)(0#+,*0,(#S,*"'X_,
$,$,(#0,(#S,*".%66,*#S,*'*.$#.($,$,&,(3#;=#:=#.)"&6,%&,(0,#E56;7#)(0#H5/6,6%,<,*)($,(=
>%,#>,)'"1/,(#*,.$%,*,(#9%'#4.""%L,9#J%0,*"'.(03#"%,#6,$,(#0%,# Z*&,%'# (%,0,*3# 0,*# 2W',*L,*C,/*
(.1/#T*.(C*,%1/#+%*0#,%($,"',66'3#T*.(;5",(#&,",';,(#[,1/,(#)(0#2*)&,(c#&,%#Z)",%(.(0,*",';)(7
$,(#C599'#,"#"5$.*#;)#b5',(=
Z)"# F*5',"'# $,$,(# 0%,# <*.(;X"%"1/,# F56%'%C# ;%,/,(# "%1/# 0%,# VQZ# .)"# %/*,*# :,".';)($";5(,# %9
K/,%(6.(0#;)*W1C=#>.*.)</%(#&,",';,(#0%,#T*.(;5",(#.)1/#0%,","#2,&%,'=
J%,#"566#"%1/#0%,#K,%1/"*,$%,*)($#%(#0%,",9#H5(<6%C'#L,*/.6',(`#V(0#+5L5(#"566,(#0%,
Q'*,%C,(0,(#.(#0,*#K)/*#6,&,(`
>%,# K,%1/"*,$%,*)($# )(',*"'W';'# 0%,# Q'*,%C,(0,(c# "%,# 0*)1C'# 6.)<,(0# (,),# :.(C7
(5',(=#>)*1/#0,(#*.4%0,(#J,*'L,*6)"'#0,"#2,60,"#+,*0,(#0%,#!*"4.*(%"",#+,%',*#:,7
LX6C,*)($"C*,%",#+,*'65"3#0%,#F*,%",#"',%$,(#'M$6%1/3#0%,#],("1/,(#L,*.*9,(=#U(#0%,7
",*#Q%').'%5(# ")1/'#0,*# (,),# K,%1/"C.(;6,*# 2)"'.L# Q'*,",9.((# L,*$,&6%1/# 0."# 2,7
"4*M1/# 9%'# 0,*# <*.(;X"%"1/,(# K,$%,*)($=# Q4%,6<%69";,(,(# ;,%$,(# ,%(,# H.&%(,''""%'7
;)($# 9%'# K,%1/"4*M"%0,('# !&,*'# )(0# 2,(,*.6# L5(# Q,,1C'# .9# d=# Y5L,9&,*# ?@AB=# U(
0%,",#Q%';)($#46.';'#0%,#Y.1/*%1/'3#0.""#E%'6,*#%(#]W(1/,(#0%,#&.^,*%"1/,#K,$%,*)($
)(0#0%,#K,%1/"*,$%,*)($#5<<%;%,66#<W*#.&$,",';'#,*C6M*'#)(0#0,(#].*"1/#.)<#:,*6%(#4*57
C6.9%,*'#/.'=#Q566#0%,#K,%1/"*,$%,*)($#0%,#5<<,(,#K,&,66%5(# %(# ]W(1/,(# (%,0,*"1/6.7
$,(`#J%,#+%*0#"%1/#0%,#K,%1/"+,/*#$,$,(W&,*#0,9#F)'"1/#L5(#*,1/'"#L,*/.6',(`
>%,#!*,%$(%"",#W&,*"'W*;,(#"%1/R#Q1/5(#.9#(M1/"',(#b.$#+,*0,(#0%,#Z)<"'M(0%"1/,(
L5(#&.^,*%"1/,(#F56%;,%C*M<',(#W&,*+M6'%$'=#E%'6,*#+%*0#;)#<W(<#-./*,(#T,"')($"/.<'#%(
8.(0"&,*$# L,*)*',%6'# 7# ,%(,# M)_,*"'# 9%60,# Q'*.<,# <W*# E51/L,**.'e# 7# +%*0# .&,*# &,*,%'"
(.1/#+,(%$,(#]5(.',(#&,$(.0%$'=
>%,#K,$%,*)($#Q'*,",9.((#&,,(0,'#0,(#K)/*C.94<#)(0#&,CM94<'#0%,#U(<6.'%5(#0)*1/
!%(<W/*)($# ,%(,*# (,),(# JM/*)($3# 0,*# K,(',(9.*C=# >5C)9,('.*.)<(./9,(# ;,%$,(
0,(#6.($".9,(3#.&,*#"','%$,(#+%*'"1/.<'6%1/,(#Z)<"1/+)($#%(#>,)'"1/6.(0=
>)*1/#",%(,#&,"5((,(,#F56%'%C#"1/%,(#Q'*,",9.((#0%,#$,<M/*6%1/,(#H*%",(#0,"#-./7
*,"#?@AB#&,+M6'%$,(#;)#CX((,(=
U(# ,%(,*# 6,%0,("1/.<'6%1/# $,<W/*',(# >,&.'',# %9# K,%1/"'.$# C.9# ,"# .&,*# ;)# ,%(,9
]%""'*.),(".('*.$# $,$,(# Q'*,",9.((R# >,*# H5.6%'%5("4.*'(,*3# 0%,# QF>3# L,*6%,_# 0%,
K,$%,*)($3# +,%6# 0,*# H.(;6,*# 4*.C'%"1/# (%1/'"# $,$,(# 0%,# *,1/',# >%C'.')*# %(# :.^,*(
)(',*(./93# $,$,(# 0%,# C599)(%"'%"1/,# K,$%,*)($"&,',%6%$)($# %(# Q.1/",(# )(0# b/W7
*%($,(#0.$,$,(#0%,#K,%1/"+,/*#,%(",';',=
7#B#7
!!!"#.85-<48<-8#7E5#&-8#F8)-55%+,)
G95'4**-)H48<-8I# H,(('(%"",# L5(# 0,(# "5;%.6,(# )(0# 456%'%"1/,(# Q'*)C')*,(# 0,"
H.%",**,%1/,"#L5(#?df?3#0,9#S,*'*.$#L5(#S,*".%66,"#)(0#0,*#J,%9.*,*#S,*<."")($
;%8*)%-<*2J<1%+,(-%)-8#DE^45'/,",(&%60)($GR
?= >,(#Q1/W6,*%((,(#)(0#Q1/W6,*(#+,*0,(#;+,%#b/,",(#L5*$,6,$'R
! >%,#>,95C*.'%,#/.'',#%(#0,*#J,%9.*,*#K,4)&6%C#7#'*5';#0,*#S,*<."")($#L5(#?@?@#7
(%,#,%(,#,1/',#g/.(1,3#0.#"%,#L5(#%((,(#+%,#L5(#.)_,(#&,0*5/'#+)*0,=
! Y.1/# 0,9# 9%6%'M*%"1/,(# [)".99,(&*)1/# ?@?dh?@# /.'',# 0%,#J,%9.*,*# K,4)&6%C
0%,#,%(9.6%$,#g/.(1,3#.9#Y)664)(C'#.(;)<.($,(#)(0#,%(,#0,95C*.'%"1/,#2,",667
"1/.<'#.)<#0,(#J,$#;)#&*%($,(=
Y,/9'#%(#2*)44,(#Q',66)($#;)#0%,",(#"%1/#+%0,*"4*,1/,(0,(#b/,",(=
TW/*'#,%(#Q'*,%'$,"4*M1/=
J."# "4*%1/'# <W*3# +."# "4*%1/'# $,$,(# 0%,",# :,/.)4')($,(`# >,(C'# .(# 0%,# $,",667
"1/.<'6%1/,(#S,*/M6'(%"",#%9#H.%",**,%1/3#.(#0,(#S,*".%66,*#S,*'*.$#)(0#.(#0%,#J,%7
9.*,*#S,*<."")($=
D>%,# Q1/W6,*%((,(# )(0# Q1/W6,*# CX((,(# .6"# ,*$M(;,(0,"# ].',*%.6# .)1/# J./646.7
C.',3#:%60,*#)(0#H.*%C.')*,(#.)"#0,*#T*W/4/.",#0,*#J,%9.*,*#K,4)&6%C#,*/.6',(=G
A= HX(('# %/*# ,)1/# L5*"',66,(3# )(',*# +,61/,(# :,0%($)($,(# )(",*,# >,95C*.'%,# ,*("'7
/.<'#$,<M/*0,'#",%(#CX((',`#!"#9W""',(#"%1/,*6%1/#9,/*,*,#H*%",(#)(0#F*5&6,9,
;)".99,('*,<<,(=# >,(C'# 0.&,%# .)1/# .(# &,0,)',(0,# $,",66"1/.<'6%1/,# H*%",(# .)"
0,*#2,"1/%1/',#DK,L56)'%5(,(3#F)'"1/,G=
KJ<1%+,-#.8)L95)-8
;)(,/9,(0,
U(<6.'%5(
Z*&,%'"65"%$C,%'3
J%*'"1/.<'"C*%",
;)(,/9,(0,#V(7
$6,%1//,%'#%(#0,*
2,",66"1/.<'
.('%4.*6.9,('.*%"1/,
F*54.$.(0.#%(#0,*
i<<,('6%1/C,%'
U"56.'%5(#L5(#Q'..'
)(0#2,",66"1/.<'
(.1/#.)_,(
K.0%C.6%"%,*)($
0,*#2,",66"1/.<'
[,*"'*%'',(/,%'#)(0
V('M'%$C,%'#L5(#F.*6.7
9,('#)(0#K,$%,*)($
2,<./*#0)*1/
0."#]%6%'M*
M-9/'+,)48<*N#48&#.5/-%)*'47)5'<#?95#&-5#0%12?957E,548<
! >."#-./*#?@AB#$%6'#.6"#H*%",(N./*#0,*#J,%9.*,*#K,4)&6%C=
:,*%1/','#<W*#0%,#[,%')($3#0."#K.0%5#50,*#<W*#0."#T,*(",/,(#W&,*#0%,#+%1/'%$"',(
!*,%$(%"",=
Y,/9'#Q',66)($#;)#0,*#T*.$,R#J.*)9#C5((',(#0%,#H*%",(#;)#,%(,*#,I%"',('%,66,(
2,<./*#<W*#0%,#N)($,#>,95C*.'%,#+,*0,(`
7#j#7
D'+,#&-5#0%12?957E,548<
! S,*$6,%1/'#0%,#Z('+5*',(#.)<#0%,#!%("'%,$"<*.$,(#9%'#0,(,(# 0,"# :,5&.1/')($".)<7
'*.$,"=#S,*")1/'#9X$6%1/,#Z&+,%1/)($,(#;)#,*C6M*,(=
! >%,#Q1/W6,*%((,(#)(0#Q1/W6,*#&,*%1/',(#W&,*#0%,#H*%",(=
>.&,%# '.)1/,(# L,*9)'6%1/# T*.$,(# .)<3# S5*+%"",(# +%*0# $,M)_,*'3# %("&,"5(0,*,# ;)# 0,(# F,*"5(,(
E%'6,*# )(0# Q'*,",9.((# )(0# ;)# 0,*# *.".(',(# 2,60,('+,*')($# D?# !%# k# ?lm# ]%66%.*0,(# ].*CG# 50,*# ;)
0,(#V*".1/,(#0,*#H5(<6%C',=
! >%,#H6."",#+%*0#%(#2*)44,(#,%($,',%6'=#Z66,#2*)44,(#,*/.6',(#,*$M(;,(0,"#U(<5*9.7
'%5("9.',*%.6=
@"#O5466-I#K)/*C.94<
! J."#,*<./*,(#+%*#W&,*#0%,#V*".1/,(#0,"#K)/*C.94<,"`
.G J%,# *,.$%,*,(# 0%,# >,)'"1/,(3# +%,# *,.$%,*,(# 0%,# VQZ# .)<# 0,(# !%(9.*"1/# 0,*
T*.(;5",(#%("#K/,%(6.(0`
&G :,"1/*,%&'#,%(;,6(,#Q;,(,(
! J.*)9#+%66#Q'*,",9.((#0,(#K)/*C.94<#&,,(0,(`
U9# F.*6.9,('# +%*0# Q'*,",9.(("# K/,%(6.(0456%'%C# .6"# H.4%')6.'%5(# L,*)*',%6'=# J."
".$'#%/*#0.;)`
B"#O5466-I#U(<6.'%5(
! J%,#L,*")1/',#0%,#K,%1/"*,$%,*)($#0,(#Q'*,%C,(0,(#.(#0,*#K)/*#;)#/,6<,(`
! J%,#C.9#,"#;)#,%(,*#"5#*.".(',(#2,60,('+,*')($`#D?#!%#k#?lm#]%66%.*0,(#].*CG
! Q'*,",9.((# &,,(0,',# 0%,# U(<6.'%5(# 0)*1/# 0%,# !%(<W/*)($# 0,*# K,(',(9.*C=# ?@jd# 7
(.1/#0,9#UU=#J,6'C*%,$#7#$,"1/./#,'+."#n/(6%1/,"=#U(<5*9%,*'#,)1/#W&,*#0%,# JM/7
*)($"*,<5*9#%(#0,*#8%',*.')*#)(0#&,%#[,%';,)$,(=
C"#O5466-I#E%'6,*4)'"1/
! J,61/,#[%,6,#L,*<56$',#E%'6,*#9%'#0,9#F)'"1/#%(#]W(1/,(`
! Q'*,",9.((# )(0# K,%1/"4*M"%0,('# !&,*'# <5*0,*(# 0."# !%($*,%<,(# 0,*# K,%1/"+,/*# %(
]W(1/,(=#J.*)9#+.*#0%,#K,%1/"+,/*#,%(#V("%1/,*/,%'"<.C'5*#<W*#0%,#K,%1/"*,$%,7
*)($`#DOE,**#2,(,*.6#L5(#Q,,1C'3#/M6'#"%,#;)9#K,%1/#7#50,*#/M6'#"%,#;)#:.^,*(`PG
! J,61/,"# V*',%6# ,*$%($# $,$,(# E%'6,*`# HX(('# %/*# ,)1/# 0%,# 9%60,# Q'*.<,# 7# '*5';# 0,"
&,$.($,(,(#E51/L,**.'"#7#,*C6M*,(`
Y.1/# 0,*# S5*"',66)($# 0,*# 2*)44,(,*$,&(%"",# "566',(# <56$,(0,# T*.$,(# 0%"C)'%,*'
+,*0,(R
! S,*")1/'#,%(,(#[)".99,(/.($#;+%"1/,(#0,(#H*%",(#0,"#-./*,"#?@AB#/,*;)"',66,(=
! J.*)9#+)*0,#Q'*,",9.((#?@AB#.6"#K,%1/"C.(;6,*#$,"'W*;'`
! !*6M)',*'#0%,#Z)"".$,#0,"#,($6%"1/,(#:5'"1/.<',*"#!(0,#?@ABR
„Blickt man zurück, sieht man klarer, wie nah dieses Land am Abgrund stand.“
=-%)-57E,5-8&-#05'<-*)-1148<-8
! U(<5*9%,*'#,)1/#W&,*#0%,#8,&,("$,"1/%1/',#L5(#Hitler3#Stresemann#)(0#Ebert=#HX(7
(,(# .)"# 0,(# :%5$*.4/%,(# KW1C"1/6W"",# .)<# 0%,# 456%'%"1/,# E.6')($# 0,*# ,%(;,6(,(
F,*"5(,(#$,;5$,(#+,*0,(`
! J%,#<*,%#"%(0#Q'..'"9M((,*`
E.'',# Q'*,",9.((#?@AB#Q4%,6*M)9,#%(#",%(,*#F56%'%C`#J."#/M'',#,*#.(0,*"#9.1/,(
CX((,(`#S5(#+,9#+.*#,*#.&/M($%$`#J,61/,#K566,#"4%,6',#0."#D<*.(;X"%"1/,G#Z)"7
6.(0`#U"'#/,)',#,%(#0,)'"1/,*#Q'..'"9.((#%(#L,*$6,%1/&.*,*#Q%').'%5(`
7#l#7
! J,61/,#]X$6%1/C,%',(#$%&'#,"3#,%(,#U(<6.'%5(#;)#&,CM94<,(`
! Q',66'# ,)1/# L5*3# 0%,# K,$%,*)($# ,%(,"# 0,)'"1/,(# :)(0,"6.(0,"# 4)'"1/'# $,$,(# 0%,
:)(0,"*,$%,*)($#%(#:,*6%(#D;=#:=#Z)'5(59%,&,"'*,&)($,(G=#J,61/,#*,1/'6%1/,(#:,7
<)$(%"",#)(0#+,61/,#].1/'9%'',6#/.'#0%,#:)(0,"*,$%,*)($3#0.$,$,(#.(;)$,/,(`
! J."#C.((#N,0,*#!%(;,6(,#L5(#)("#')(3#)9#)(0,95C*.'%"1/,(#b,(0,(;,(#%(#0,*#2,7
",66"1/.<'#,('$,$,(;)+%*C,(`
! S5*)*',%6,#,*C,((,(#)(0#0)*1/#Z*$)9,(',#,('C*M<',(#7#.(0,*,#&,$*W(0,',#],%()($,(#)(0#V*',%6,
'56,*%,*,(#7#.C'%L#%(#0,95C*.'%"1/,(#F.*',%,(#9%'.*&,%',(#7#+M/6,(#7#"%1/#.(/.(0#)(',*"1/%,06%1/,*
],0%,(#)(0#U(<5*9.'%5("a),66,(#,%(,#,%$,(,#],%()($#&%60,(#7#[%L%615)*.$,#;,%$,(#7#Z$$*,""%L%'M'
)(0#2,+.6'#L,*9,%0,(
!G"#;5<>8H-8&-#!87952')%98-8#48&#K')-5%'1%-8
$-5#34,5('267I#U9#Z)$)"'#?@AB#L,*;%1/',',(#0%,#Z66%%,*',(#+,$,(#0,*#.C)',(#<%(.(7
;%,66,(#F*5&6,9,#0,"# K,%1/,"# L5*6M)<%$# .)<# 2,606,%"')($,(=# [)9# Z)"$6,%1/# L,*6.($7
',(# "%,# ,%(,# !*/X/)($# 0,*# Q.1/6%,<,*)($,(3# ;=# :=# L5(# H5/6,# )(0# E56;=# JM/*,(0
>,)'"1/6.(0#,%(,#Q,(C)($#0,*#K,4.*.'%5("6,%"')($,(#.("'*,&',3#L,*<56$',(#0%,#T*.(7
;5",(# "%1/,*/,%'"456%'%"1/,# [%,6,R# Q%,# +566',(# 0%,# 0,)'"1/,(# U(0)"'*%,.(6.$,(# %9
K)/*$,&%,'#C5('*566%,*,(=
Z9# Ao=?A=?@AA# "',66',# 0%,# Z66%%,*',# K,4.*.'%5("C599%""%5(# <,"'3# 0.""# >,)'"1/6.(0
9%'# ",%(,(# 8%,<,*)($,(# %(# S,*;)$# $,*.',(# ",%=# T*.(C*,%1/# <5*0,*',# "5<5*'# ',**%'5*%.6,
Q.(C'%5(,(3#,%(#.9,*%C.(%"1/,*#S,*9%''6)($"L,*")1/#"1/,%',*',=#Z9#??=#-.().*#?@AB
&,",';',(# om# mmm# <*.(;X"%"1/,# )(0# &,6$%"1/,# Q560.',(# 0."# K)/*$,&%,'=# :,/X*0,(
)(0#:,'*%,&,#6,%"',',(#7#)(',*"'W';'#L5(#0,*#K,%1/"*,$%,*)($#7#"5<5*'#4.""%L,(#J%0,*7
"'.(0R# >,)'"1/,# .*&,%',',(# ()*# <W*# >,)'"1/,=# ?dm# mmm# >,)'"1/,# +)*0,(# .)"# 0,9
K)/*$,&%,'# .)"$,+%,",(3# &%"# Z)$)"'# ?@Aj# +)*0,(# ?Bf# b5',# )(0# omB# S,*6,';',# $,7
;M/6'=#S5*#.66,9#*,1/'"*.0%C.6,#Q.&5'.$,'*)44"#D)=#.=#,/,9.6%$,#T*,%C5*4".($,/X*%$,
+%,#Z6&,*'#8,5#Q1/6.$,',*G#$%($,(#.)1/#;)#.C'%L,9#J%0,*"'.(0#W&,*=
$%-# =>,548<*5-7952I# >%,# 0)*1/# 0%,# K,4.*.'%5("6,%"')($,(# )(0# 0,(# K)/*C.94<
.)"$,6X"',#H5"',(6.+%(,#C5((',#?@AB#.)"#5*0,('6%1/,(#E.)"/.6'"9%'',6(#(%1/'#9,/*
<%(.(;%,*'# +,*0,(=# U99,*# /X/,*,# H*,0%',# )(0# 0."# >*)1C,(# L5(# 2,60# "566',(# 0."
Q1/6%99"',# L,*/W',(=# >%,# galoppierende Inflation# +)*0,# .&# -)(%# ?@AB# ;)# ,%(,*
Hyperinflation=# Bmm# F.4%,*<.&*%C,(# )(0# ?lm# >*)1C,*,%,(# +.*,(# 9%'# 0,*# E,*"',66)($
(,),*# :.(C(5',(# &,"1/M<'%$'=# Q1/6%,_6%1/# +)*0,# "'.''# :.*$,60# [./6)($# %(# Y.')*.6%,(
D8,&,("9%'',63# [%$.*,'',(G# L,*6.($'=# J.*,(# +)*0,(# $,/5*','3# ,"# C.9# ;)# F6W(0,7
*)($,(#)(0#E)($,*0,95("'*.'%5(,(=
>566.*C)*",#?@?j#7#?@AB
-)6%
?@?j
-)6%
?@Am
-)6%
?@A?
-)6%
?@AA
-.().*
?@AB
-)6%
?@AB
Z)$)"'
?@AB
Q,4',9&,*
?@AB
\C'5&,*
?@AB
?l=#Y5L,9&,* ?@AB
].*C
j3A
B@3l
fo3f
?@?3d
?f@fA3m
BlBj?A3m
joAmjll3m
@ddommmm3m
AlAomAmdmmm3m
jAmmmmmmmmmmm3m
-)(%
-)6%
-)6%
-)6%
-.(=
-)6%
-.(=
-)6%
Y5L=
?@?j
?@?@
?@Am
?@A?
?@AA
?@AA
?@AB
?@AB
?@AB
2)'/.&,(
L5(#?mmmmm
?mmmmm3mm
jf?@m3mm
?moBd3mm
ljfo3mm
A?d@3mm
dl?3mm
#AB3jo
#?3?@
#m3mm
J,*'L,*6)"'
$,$,(W&,*#?@?j
#####mp
lA3dp
d@3jp
@j3lp
@f3dp
@@3?p
#?mmp
#?mmp
#?mmp
D2=#Q'564,*3#>,)'"1/,#J%*'"1/.<'#",%'#?dfm3#bW&%($,(#?@oo#)(0R#E=#F*5C."C^3#>,*#!*"',#J,6'C*%,$#)(0
0%,#U(<6.'%5(#?@?j#7#?@AB3#%(R#2,"1/%1/'"0%0.C'%C#l3#?@dm3#Q=#AofG
7#o#7
$-5#34,5('267#'4*#&-5#P%+,)#"""
"""#&-5#05'8H9*-8
?= J,(#0%,#2X'',*#L,*0,*&,(#+566,(3#0,(#"1/6.7
$,(#"%,#9%'#b5*/,%'e
"""#&-5#$-4)*+,-8
B=#OT*.(C*,%1/#<5*0,*'#om#mmm#b5((,(#Q'%1C"'5<<P
Q%946%1%""%9)"=#!%(,#".'%*%"1/,#[,%'"1/*%<'3#Af=#-$=#Y*=#A
D?@AAhABG3# Q=# omd=# E.(0.*1/%L# 0,*# V(%L,*"%'M'"7# )(0
8.(0,"&%&6%5'/,C#]W("',*#[#T56#?B#7#Af3A
E.("# Q4,'/9.((# DE$=GR# [+X6<# -./*,# K)/*&,*$&.)=
>,*# K)/*C.94<# ?@AB7?@Al# %(# :%60,*(3# :0=# S3# :,*6%(
?@B?3#:%60#jBl
j=#O!%(6.0)($#.(#>,)'"1/6.(0P
A=#>%,#O"45('.(,P#K,"%"',(;
E.("# Q4,'/9.((# DE$=GR# [+X6<# -./*,# K)/*&,*$&.)=
>,*# K)/*C.94<# ?@AB7?@Al# %(# :%60,*(3# :0=# S3# :,*6%(
?@B?3#:%60#jjm
Q%946%1%""%9)"=#!%(,#".'%*%"1/,#[,%'"1/*%<'3#Ad=#-$=#Y*=#A
D?@ABG=#b%',6",%',=#E.(0.*1/%L#0,*#V(%L,*"%'M'"7#)(0#8.(7
0,"&%&6%5'/,C#]W("',*#[#T56#?B#7#Ad3?
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
U(R#2,"1/%1/',#6,*(,(3#E,<'#ff3#Q,4',9&,*#Ammm3#Q,%',#lohlf
7#f#7
:%8L-%*-#H45#!8)-565-)')%98#&-5#Q'5%(')45-8#RP-%)-#ST
U4#@"#Z66,#]W(;,(#%9#:.)9#;,%$,(#<*,)(07
6%1/,# 2,"%1/',*3# .66,%(# 0%,# >,)'"1/,# ].*C
)(',(# .9# :.)9# +,%('=# Z(# 0,(# 0,)'"1/,(
Q'.99# $,6,/('# *.)1/'# ,%(# T*.(;5",3# +M/7
*,(0# .)<# 0,*# ]%'',# 0,"# Z"',"# ,%(,# T*.)
"%';'3# 0%,# +%,# 0%,# <*.(;X"%"1/,# r].*%.((,s
.)""%,/'=# >%,# Z)<"1/*%<'# r4.""%L,*# J%0,*7
"'.(0s#.)<#0,*#QM$,#)(0#0."#E.C,(C*,);#7
",%'# 0,9# ?=# J,6'C*%,$# 0."# Q^9&56# 0,*# ,I7
'*,9,(#0,)'"1/,(#K,1/',(#7#C,((;,%1/(,(
0%,#T*.)#.6"#>,)'"1/,=#Q%,#"M$'#0,(#Z"'#.&3
.)<#0,9#"%,#"%';'=
>%,# 0,)'"1/,(# *,L56)'%5(M*,(# )(0# *,1/',(
H*M<',#*%1/',(#>,)'"1/6.(0"#J%*'"1/.<'# )(0
JM/*)($# ;)$*)(0,=# >)*1/# 0,(# r4.""%L,(
J%0,*"'.(0s# ;,*"'X*,(# 0%,# Q'*,%C,(0,(# ",67
&,*# 0,(# J%*'"1/.<'""'.(05*'# .(# 0,*# K)/*
)(0# L,*"'M*C,(# 0%,# U(<6.'%5(=# >."# "566# 0%,
b5*/,%'# 0,*# >,)'"1/,(# .)"# <*.(;X"%"1/,*
Q%1/'#,*C6M*,(=
U4#C"#J%*#",/,(#;+,%#.)<&6."&.*,#T%$)*,(3
0,(# 0,)'"1/,(# ]%1/,6# 9%'# ",%(,*# Q1/6.<7
9W';,# )(0# 0,9# K,%1/".06,*# )(0# 0%,# <*.(7
;X"%"1/,# ].*%.((,# 9%'# 0,*# -.C5&%(,*9W'7
;,#DKT#k#K,4)&6%1#T*.(1.%",G=
>,*# <*.(;X"%"1/,# ]%(%"',*4*M"%0,('# F5%(7
1.*t# 4)94'# 9%'# $*%99%$,9# 2,"%1/'# 0."
2."# .)"# 0,9# "1/6.<<,(# ]%1/,6# %(# 0%,# &,7
*,%'"# 4*.66# $,<W66',# )(0# L59# :50,(# .&/,7
&,(0,#].*%.((,=
Q'%1C"'5<<#+.*#,%(,#L5(#L%,6,(#K,4.*.'%5("7
6,%"')($,(3#;)$6,%1/#"^9&56%"%,*'#,*#0,(#8,7
&,("".<'3#0,*#>,)'"1/6.(0#,(';5$,(#+%*0=
>%,#H.*%C.')*# 4*.($,*'# .)"# 0,)'"1/,*# Q%1/'
0%,# W&,*;5$,(,(# K,4.*.'%5("<5*0,*)($,(
.(=
U4#B"#].*%.((,#C654<'#/X<6%1/#.(#0%,#bW*#0,"
K)/*$,&%,',"=# >%,# T*.(;5",(# C599,(# %(
$)',*# Z&"%1/'# ;)# 0,(# S,*/.(06)($,(# W&,*
0%,# K)/*&,",';)($3# 6,$%'%9%,*'# 0)*1/# 0,(
S,*".%66,*#S,*'*.$#)(',*#0,9#Z*9#0,*#].*%7
.((,=
Z)<#0,*#.(0,*,(#Q,%',#+%*0#,%(#>%4659.'#%(
F.('5<<,6(#D0,)'"1/,*#]%1/,6`G#0)*1/#,%(,(
Q560.',(# 0,*# K,%1/"+,/*# 9%'# $,;5$,(,*
F%"'56,#.9#i<<(,(#0,*#bW*#$,/%(0,*'=
>,(# 5<<,(&.*# <*%,06%1/,(# Z&"%1/',(# T*.(C7
*,%1/"# &,%# 0,(# S,*/.(06)($,(# W&,*# 0%,
K,4.*.'%5(";./6)($,(# +%*0# LX66%$,# S,*+,%7
$,*)($# .)<# 0,)'"1/,*# Q,%',# $,$,(W&,*# $,7
"',66'=# >%,# Z&6,/()($# $,/'# .&,*# (%1/'# L59
E.)"&,+5/(,*# .(# 0,*# K)/*# .)"3# "5(0,*(
L59# ]%6%'M*=# >.9%'# +%*0# 0,)'6%1/3# 0.""# 0%,
u&,*"1/*%<'#%*5(%"1/#$,9,%('#%"'R#>,*#J%0,*7
"'.(0# %"'# .)"# <*.(;X"%"1/,*# Q%1/'# (%1/'
"45('.(3# "5(0,*(# ,*;+)($,(=# >."# 9%6%'M7
*%"1/# L5*$,/,(0,# T*.(C*,%1/# +%*0# 0)*1/
,%(,# )(&,+.<<(,',# T*.)# 0.*$,"',66'3# 0."
4.""%L,(# J%0,*"'.(0# 6,%"',(0,# K)/*$,&%,'
0)*1/# ,%(,(# Q560.',(# 7# .6"5# ,%(,# S,*C,/7
*)($#0,*#Q%').'%5(=
U4# V"# >,*# <*.(;X"%"1/,# ]%(%"',*4*M"%0,('
F5%(1.*t3# 0.*$,"',66'# .6"# H,*C,*9,%"',*# 9%'
,%(,9# Q1/6W"",6&)(03# 6M0'# 9%'# /X<6%1/,*
2,"',# ;)9# !%('*%''# %(# ",%(,# 2,<M($(%";,66,
,%(3#.)"$,"'.'','#9%'#Q'*5/#)(0#!%",(C,'',=
S5*0,*$*W(0%$,#T*,)(06%1/C,%'#)(0#2,<M($7
(%";,66,# "',/,(# %(# C*."",9# J%0,*"4*)1/=
>)*1/# 0,(# 9%6%'M*%"1/,(# !%(9.*"1/# 0,*
T*.(;5",(# %("# K/,%(6.(0# "566,(# 0%,# >,)'7
"1/,(# .(# 0%,# H,'',# $,6,$'# +,*0,(=# E%,*
+%*0# 0%,# /.*',# K,L.(1/,456%'%C# 0,*# <*.(;X7
"%"1/,(# K,$%,*)($# .)"# 0,)'"1/,*# Q%1/'
.($,4*.($,*'=
O-*)'1)48<
ZC.0=#\K.'#V=#],^,*7:)*5+3#V(%L,*"%'M'#8W(,&)*$#D.)1/#V(',**%1/'"&6.''G
2,*/%60#F6.,'"1/C,3#U("'%')'#<W*#J,6'C)(0,#%(#:%60)($#)(0#T5*"1/)($#DJ:TG3#E.9&)*$
P+,8%))I#S%*$%(%.#L5(#[./(3#E.9&)*$
.47#.8795&-548<#-5,'1)-8#P%-#(9*)-819*#&%-#O-*'2)E/-5*%+,)
=M0NK -&%-8#7E5#&-8#F8)-55%+,)#'1*#Q')'19<#48&#W$N3XK
9&-5#/-*4+,-8#P%-#48*-5-#!8)-58-)*-%)-#N#LLL"L/7N2-&%-8"&Z66,#K,1/',#L5*&,/.6',(R###J#:#T###U("'%')'#<W*#J,6'C)(0,#%(#:%60)($#)(0#T5*"1/)($#2,9,%((=#29&E
7#d#7