teeth cavity picture

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ISBN: 978-3-86867-234-3
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©b2016 Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH, Berlin
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Printed in Poland
Vorwort
Die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und die zunehmende Mobilität unseres Lebens hat einige bemerkenswerte Nebenwirkungen. Immer mehr Menschen arbeiten f¾r ihre Firmen einige -ahre im Ausland: Der Brasilianer in Holland, der
Deutsche in China, der Australier in England, der Amerikaner in Deutschland.
Mit im Gepäck ist die ganze Familie. Der Umzug in ein fremdes Land gestaltet
sich oft schwierig und am Anfang haben „e[patriates“ viele Probleme. Sie m¾ssen sich an ein neues Umfeld gewöhnen, mit den Schulen und den Behörden
klarkommen, sich an ein anderes Klima und andere Temperaturen gewöhnen,
die Verkehrsregeln, die neue Kultur, andere Gewohnheiten und Sitten kennen
lernen und sich eine neue Infrastruktur aufbauen, die hilft, das tägliche Leben
zu regeln. -e nach Kulturkreis beherrschen sie oft kein Wort oder nur sehr wenig
der Landessprache mit dem Ergebnis, dass sie sich nur schwer verständigen
können und wenig vom Gesagten verstehen. Als „Einheimischer“ ist das Leben
bedeutend leichter. F¾r den „e[patriate“ hingegen sind die Situationen, die mit
Schwierigkeiten verbunden sind, zahlreich.
Besonders in den deutschen Gro¡städten und den ȴrmenintensiven Randgebieten haben Zahnärzte und Zahnarzthelferinnen zunehmend mehr Patienten,
deren Muttersprache Englisch ist, oder mit denen man sich auf Englisch verständigen muss. F¾r die meisten stellt eine Basiskommunikation mit diesen Patienten kein Problem dar – dank des Englischunterrichts an der Schule. Um aber
beispielsweise eine gute Anamnese durchzuf¾hren, Schmerzen zu verstehen
oder eine Therapie zu erklären, braucht man mehr als nur das richtige Vokabular. Damit ein Fall oft wirklich erschlossen werden kann, m¾ssen Patient und
Zahnarztpra[is ein Vertrauensverhältnis aufbauen. Dies geschieht am besten
indem man Verständigungsschwierigkeiten gar nicht erst aufkommen lässt.
Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass der Patient etwas Englisch versteht, ist schlie¡lich
grö¡er als bei allen anderen Sprachen. Das hat seinen Grund: Englisch ist die
Fremdsprache, die man weltweit am häuȴgsten in der Schule lernt, und die
Sprache, die im Geschäftsleben bevorzugt wird.
Auch wenn Englisch enorm populär und weit verbreitet ist, kommen in Ihre
Pra[is zwei Arten von internationale Patienten: die Patienten, f¾r die Englisch
die Muttersprache ist, und Patienten, f¾r die Englisch auch eine Zweit- oder gar
Drittsprache ist. Die Kommunikation mit Patienten, f¾r die Englisch eine Fremdsprache ist, sollte nicht starren grammatikalischen Regeln folgen. Hier sollte viel
mehr die Verbindung und die Improvisation im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Dieses Workbook orientiert sich an einem Sprachgebrauch, den Patienten gut
verstehen können. Mithilfe von vielen praktischen Übungen, Dialogen und
V
Vorwort
Vokabellisten ist es ein guter Trainer f¾r die eigene englische Sprachkompetenz.
r chko pete
ra
petenz.
nzz.
Erfahrung und Wissen aus ¾ber 10 -ahren Dental English f¾r das
Quintessenz
as Q
uintessen
nzz
Team--ournal und 10 durchgef¾hrten Dental English-Workshops ȴ
nden
ȴnden
en ssich
icch in
diesem Band wieder. Mein Dank geht an alle Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer,
die die Workshops so bereichert haben und den gemeinsamen Spa¡, den wir
gehabt haben. Danke auch an das Team des Quintessenz Team--ournals.
Viel Vergn¾gen w¾nsche ich Ihnen mit diesem Sprachtrainer und ho΍e, dass es
Ihnen ein n¾tzliches Werkzeug und guter Begleiter sein wird.
Langenselbold, im August 2015
Sabine Nemec
VΖ
Contents
Chapter 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Medical and Dental Basics
1
The Head and the Face
The Muscles of the Head
The Body
The Skeleton
The Oral Cavity
The Structure of a Tooth
Vocabulary on the Oral Cavity and Teeth
2
3
5
6
7
8
10
Chapter 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
14
16
2.2.1
All about Toothache
16
2.2.2
Types of Toothache
18
2.2.3
Understanding Pain
19
2.2.4
Treatment for Toothache
20
2.2.5
Vocabulary Training
22
Dental Caries
23
2.3.1
What are Dental Caries?
23
2.3.2
The Nature of Tooth Decay
Gum Disease
All about Gum Disease
Malocclusion
Vocabulary
Helpful Sentences
Chapter 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
13
Types of Diseases and Disorders of the Oral Cavity
Toothache
2.4.1
2.5
2.6
2.7
Diseases and Disorders of the Oral Cavity
The Dental Office
24
25
25
26
28
30
31
The Team
Dental Experts and their Tasks
Rooms in a Dental Office
Instruments and Materials
Equipment in the Treatment Room
Emergencies in the Dental Office
32
34
35
36
39
40
3.6.1
Management of Emergencies
40
3.6.2
The Emergency Kit
42
3.6.3
Handling Emergencies in your Dental Office
44
3.6.4
Helpful Sentences
46
VΖΖ
Contents
3.7
3.8
3.9
The Appointment Schedule – Dates, Times, and Opening
g Ho
Hours
o ur
48
4
8
3.7.1
The Appointment
48
8
3.7.2
Opening Hours
53
3
3.7.3
Helpful Sentences
54
Invoicing and Healthcare Insurance
55
3.8.1
Invoicing
55
3.8.2
Dental Payment Options and Insurance
56
3.8.3
Talking to the Patient
58
3.8.4
Dental Practice Payment Policy
60
3.8.5
Helpful Sentences
Vocabulary
Chapter 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
The Team
Dental Lab Work
Dental Lab Products and Services
Fabrication of a Denture
Shade Taking
Helpful Sentences
Vocabulary
Chapter 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
VΖΖΖ
The Dental Laboratory
62
64
67
68
70
72
73
76
77
78
At the Reception
81
Understanding the International Patient
82
5.1.1
Please, Thank You, Excuse Me, and I’m Sorry
83
5.1.2
Giving Instructions Politely
85
5.1.3
Small Talk – Keeping a Conversation Going
87
5.1.4
Small Talk – Avoiding Awkward Silences
88
5.1.5
Small Talk – What to Talk About
89
5.1.6
False Friends
91
On the Telephone
93
5.2.1
Telephone Call Guidelines
93
5.2.2
Telephone Skills
94
5.2.3
What to Say on the Telephone – Part 1
96
5.2.4
What to Say on the Telephone – Part 2
97
Welcoming the Patient
98
5.3.1
Instructions at the Reception
5.3.2
Dialog – Appointment for a Check-up
98
5.3.3
Dialog – Guidelines and Checklist for Making Appointments
102
5.3.4
Verbal First Aid
105
5.3.5
The Registration Form
108
100
Contentss
5.4
5.5
5.6
Recall – Making sure the Patient Returns for Professional Care
11
112
2
5.4.1
Preventive Care Appointments: Recall or Recare? Part 1
1
112
12
5.4.2
Preventive Care Appointments: Recall or Recare? Part 2
114
14
4
5.4.3
Preventive Care Appointments: Recall or Recare? Part 3
116
5.4.4
Preventive Care Appointments: Recall or Recare? Part 4
120
5.5.1
Medicine, Drugs, and Pharmacology – Basics
120
5.5.2
Prescriptions and the Pharmacy
122
5.5.3
The Prescription
123
5.5.4
How to Take Medicine
Helpful Sentences
Chapter 6
6.1
118
Writing a Prescription
Dentistry
124
125
127
Consulting the Patient
128
6.1.1
Dental Specializations
128
6.1.2
Overview of Fields of Dentistry, Dental Technology, and
Related Subjects
129
6.1.3
Advantages of Digital Radiographs
130
6.1.4
Taking Radiographs
132
6.1.5
Consulting the Patient – Part 1
134
6.1.6
Consulting the Patient – Part 2
136
6.1.7
A Check-up
138
6.1.8
Never at a Loss for Words: Before, During, and After
the Examination
6.1.9
Vocabulary
140
142
6.2. Anesthesia
143
6.2.1.
General Anesthesia
143
6.2.2
General Anesthesia in Children
146
6.2.3
Vocabulary
147
6.3
6.4
Prophylaxis
148
6.3.1
Explaining Tooth Decay
148
6.3.2
Finding Words for a Professional Tooth Cleaning
150
6.3.3
Patient Dialog on Professional Tooth Cleaning
152
6.3.4.
Instructions for Brushing your Teeth Properly
154
6.3.5
Instructions for Correct Flossing
155
6.3.6
Fissure Sealing
156
6.3.7
Nutrition for Healthy Teeth
157
6.3.8
Vocabulary
159
Restorative Dentistry
160
6.4.1
Basics: Restorative Dentistry – Part 1
160
6.4.2
Basics: Restorative Dentistry – Part 2
161
Ζ;
Contents
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.4.3
Explaining Tooth Fillings
6.4.4
Vocabulary
164
4
Periodontics
16
165
65
6.5.1
The Basics
165
6.5.2
Explaining a Gum Treatment
168
6.5.3
Vocabulary
169
Endodontics
171
6.6.1
Finding Words for Root Canal Treatment
171
6.6.2
Explaining Root Canal Treatment – Part 1
172
6.6.3
Explaining Root Canal Treatment – Part 2
173
6.6.4
Instruments for a Root Canal Treatment
176
6.6.5
Vocabulary
177
Dental Implantology
178
6.7.1
Advantages of Dental Implants
178
6.7.2
The Implantation
180
6.7.3
A Tooth Extraction
181
6.7.4
Pre-operative Instructions
182
6.7.5
Aftercare Instructions
183
6.7.6
Vocabulary
185
Esthetic Dentistry and Prosthetics
186
6.8.1
Materials and Methods
186
6.8.2
Esthetic Dentistry – Basic Understanding
188
6.8.3
In-office Vital Tooth Bleaching
190
6.8.4
Patient Dialog on Bleaching
191
6.8.5
Treatment Options and Their Benefits
193
6.8.6
Restoration and Replacement of Teeth – Some Notes
195
6.8.7
Vocabulary
196
Pediatric Dentistry
197
6.9.1
An Emergency – Knocked-out Tooth
197
6.9.2
Tips on Proper Tooth Brushing
199
6.9.3
Floss is Boss
201
6.9.4
Dental Instruments
202
6.9.5
Vocabulary
203
6.10 Orthodontics
204
6.10.1 Malocclusions – Part 1
204
6.10.2 Malocclusions – Part 2
206
6.10.3 Training Vocabulary
208
6.10.4 Applying Brackets
210
6.10.5 Vocabulary
211
6.11 Dental Phobia
6.11.1 Helping Patients with Dental Phobia
;
162
16
62
212
212
6.11.2 Use of Phobia-Reducing Language
213
6.11.3 Vocabulary
214
Chapter
Medical and
Dental Basics
1
1
Vocabulary
1.1 The Head and the Face
Match each word with the corresponding part of the head and
d face
ace in th
the
he
illustration.
cheek
earlobe
forehead
lip
nose
chin
eye
hair
mouth
teeth
ear
eyebrow
jaw
neck
temple
1 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 9
2 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 10
3 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 11
4 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 12
5 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 13
6 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 14
7 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 15
8 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
1ɄforeheadɅ2ɄtempleɅ3ɄearɅ4ɄeyeɅ5ɄearlobeɅ6ɄcheekɅ7ɄteethɅ8ɄneckɅ9ɄhairɅ
10ɄeyebrowɅ11ɄnoseɅ12ɄmouthɅ13ɄjawɅ14ɄlipɅ15Ʉchin
ANSWERS
2
Comprehension
n
1
1.2 The Muscles of the Head
Choose words from the box and write them in the blank spaces to complete
te
the following text.
Blood
intrinsic
salty
ears
mandible
taste
e[terior
nonverbal
to
e[trinsic
onto
tongue
eyelids
papillae
two
facial e[pression
ramus
zygomatic arch
The muscles of the face are composed ofɄ
1 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄmajor
groups:
those
ofɄ
2 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄand those of mastication. The
muscles of facial e[pression are surface muscles
that have a tendency to merge with other nearby
muscles and are grouped by the areas they a΍ect. These basic groups a΍ect the
scalp,Ʉ 3 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ, nose,Ʉ 4 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ, and mouth. They enable
e[pression of personality and inȵuenceɄ 5 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄcommunication.Ʉ
6 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄis supplied by a number of arteries that derive from the e[ternal carotid artery.
The muscles of mastication function in the movement of theɄ 7 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
Each side of the face has four major muscles: the temporal muscle, the internal
pterygoid muscle, the e[ternal pterygoid, and the masseter.
The temporal muscle functions to close and retract the jaw. It originates in the
temporal fossa and insertsɄ 8 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄthe coronoid process and the
anterior border of the ramus.
The internal pterygoid muscle closes the jaw. It originates on the medial surface
of the pterygoid plate and inserts onto the lower and posterior borders of the
inner surface of theɄ 9 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
The e[ternal pterygoid muscle has two functions:Ʉ 10 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄopen
the jaw and to move it both forward and laterally.
The masseter muscle closes the jaw. Its origin is in theɄ 11 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄof
the ma[illa andɄ 12 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
3
1
Comprehension
TheɄ 13 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄfunctions in speech
eech
c a
as well a
ass
in mastication and deglutition swallowing
in
ng
g o
off food. It
It
is also the major organ ofɄ 14 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
Ʌ
ɅɅ
. Th
The
he
tongue is divided into two identical halves, connected at a medial septum. It contains two sets of muscles:Ʉ 15 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄandɄ 16 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
The surface of the tongue contains several types ofɄ
17 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ, which contribute to its te[ture.
Taste buds are located along the surface of the tongue
and are found in large numbers in the papillae. Four basic taste senses are e[perienced:Ʉ 18 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ,
sour, sweet, and bitter.
1ɄtwoɅ2Ʉfacial e[pressionɅ3ɄearsɅ4ɄeyelidsɅ5ɄnonverbalɅ6ɄBloodɅ7ɄmandibleɅ
8ɄontoɅ9ɄramusɅ10ɄtoɅ11Ʉe[teriorɅ12Ʉzygomatic archɅ13ɄtongueɅ14ɄtasteɅ
15ɄintrinsicɅ16Ʉe[trinsicɅ17ɄpapillaeɅ18Ʉsalty
ANSWERS
4
Vocabulary
ryy
1
1.3 The Body
Match the words in the box with the corresponding parts of the body in the
he
following drawings.
chest
hip
mouth
neck
thumb
foot
knee
nape
shoulder
waist
1 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 2
3 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 4
5 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 6
7 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 8
9 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 10
1ɄnapeɅ2ɄmouthɅ3ɄshoulderɅ4ɄneckɅ5Ʉwaist Ʌ6ɄchestɅ7ɄhipɅ8ɄkneeɅ9Ʉthumb
10Ʉfoot
5
ANSWERS
1
Vocabulary
1.4 The Skeleton
Match the words in the box with the corresponding parts of the
e body
od
dy in th
the
he
following drawing.
hip bone
skull
ulna
leg bone
spine
upper jaw bone
lower jaw bone
tail bone
vertebra
1 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
2 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 6
3 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 7
4 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
5 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 8
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ 9
1ɄskullɅ2Ʉlower jaw boneɅ3ɄspineɅ4ɄulnaɅ5Ʉtail boneɅ6Ʉupper jaw boneɅ
7ɄvertebraɅ8Ʉhip boneɅ9Ʉleg bone
ANSWERS
6
Spelling
g
1
1.5 The Oral Cavity
Unscramble the terms and write them correctly in the blank spaces undererrneath each label in the following picture.
balila nelurmuf
14 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
puper ipl
1
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
dahr lepata
2
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
fost laptae
rupep waj
3
13 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
uvlau
4
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
isurfes
12 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
nogute
5
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
orrcen fo teh humot
11 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
welor pil
6
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
rolwe ajw
10 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
sucps
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
8
7
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
1Ʉupper lip | 2berlippeɅ2Ʉhard palate | harter GaumenɅ3Ʉsoft palate | weicher Gaumen
4Ʉuvula | GaumenzäpfchenɅ5Ʉtongue | ZungeɅ6Ʉlower lip | UnterlippeɅ7Ʉgum |
ZahnȵeischɅ8Ʉlingual frenulum | unteres LippenbändchenɅ9Ʉcusps | HöckerɅ
10Ʉlower jaw | UnterkieferɅ11Ʉcorner of the mouth | MundwinkelɅ12Ʉȴssure |
FissurɅ13Ʉupper jaw | 2berkieferɅ14Ʉlabial frenulum | oberes Lippenbändchen
ANSWERS
9
ugm
algnilu lunerfum
7
1
Comprehension
1.6 The Structure of a Tooth
ȴssure
enamel
crown
neck
dentin
pulp
gum
root
cement
root canal
root ape[
8
Comprehension
n
1
Fill in the matching term from the list to complete the following sentences.
nces
es
Use each term once only.
„
acids
Enamel
posterior tooth area
blood
gap
root
center line
incisors
wisdom teeth
dental neck
molar
dentin
nerve endings
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄis the hardest substance in the body but can be destroyed by acids.
1
„ The tooth consists mainly ofɄ
stance.
2
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ, which is a bonelike sub-
„ The premolars and molars are in theɄ
„ AɄ
4
3
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄforms when a tooth is missing.
„ The third molars are also calledɄ
5
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
„ The part of the tooth between the crown and the root is called the
6 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
„ Bacteria that live in your mouth produceɄ
„ Pulp containsɄ
8
7
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄfrom sugar.
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ, lymph vessels, andɄ
9
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
„ AɄ 10 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄhas two to four roots.
„ The teeth in the front area of the mouth are calledɄ 11 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ.
„ TheɄ 12 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄdivides the quadrants in the mouth.
„ TheɄ 13 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɄis covered by cement.
1ɄEnamelɅ2ɄdentinɅ3Ʉposterior tooth areaɅ4ɄgapɅ5Ʉwisdom teethɅ6Ʉdental neck
7ɄacidsɅ8ɄbloodɅ9Ʉnerve endingsɅ10ɄmolarɅ11ɄincisorsɅ12Ʉcenter lineɅ13Ʉroot
9
ANSWERS
1
Vocabulary
1.7 Vocabulary on the Oral Cavity and Teethh
Adam’s apple
adenoids
adjacent teeth,
adjoining teeth
alveolar angle
alveolar arch
alveolar bone
alveolar margin
alveolar ridge, jaw
ridge, maxillary
crest, alveolar ridge
line
angle of the jaw
anterior guidance,
incisal guidance
anterior teeth
artiȴcial teeth, false
teeth
back tooth
bicuspate tooth
canine guidance,
cuspid guidance
canine tooth, eye
tooth, cuspid
carious lesion
center line
central tooth area
cleft jaw
cleft lip, harelip
cleft palate
cleft tongue
corner of the mouth
coronal pulp
crown
cusp tip
cuspid tooth
cuspless tooth
dead pulp, non-vital
pulp
(dental) alveolus,
tooth socket
dental arch
dental articulation,
dynamic occlusion
(dental) cusp/cusps
(pl.)
dental neck
(gum) pocket depth
dental pulp
dentin
10
Adamsapfel
Polypen
benachbarte Zähne
Alveolarwinkel
Alveolarbogen
Alveolarknochen
Alveolarrand
Kieferkamm, -linie
Kieferwinkel
Frontzahnf¾hrung
Frontzähne
1er, 2er, 3er
k¾nstliche Zähne
hinterer Zahn
zweihöckeriger Zahn
Eckzahnf¾hrung
Eckzahn 3er
kariöse Läsion
Mittellinie
mittlerer Zahnbereich
Kieferspalte
Lippenspalte,
Hasenscharte
Gaumenspalte
Spaltzunge
Mundwinkel
Kronenpulpa
Zahnkrone
Höckerspitze
einhöckriger Zahn
höckerloser Zahn
nonvitale Pulpa
Zahnfach
Zahnbogen
dynamische
2kklusion
Höcker
Zahnhals
Zahnȵeisch-
Taschentiefe
Zahnnerv, Pulpa
Dentin
dentinogenic,
dentin-forming
dentition, bite
dentures, false
teeth, dental
prosthesis
devitalized tooth,
non-vital tooth
dry socket
enamel crest
enamel formation
enamel stains
enamel wall
enamel, dental/tooth
enamel
erupting tooth
etched enamel
exposed dental neck
extraction socket
ȴrst bicuspid, ȴrst
premolar
ȴrst molar, six-year
molar
ȴssure, pits and
grooves, sulcus
ȵap of gum, gingival
ȵap
front tooth area
gingival blood ȵow
gingival cleft
group function
gum irritation
gum margin, gingival
gumline
gum pocket
gum tissue
gum, gums (pl.),
gingiva
gummy smile
hard/soft palate
healthy teeth,
disease-free teeth
hypersensitive
dental neck
impacted third
molar
incisor, incisal tooth,
cutting tooth
intraoral
environment
dentinbildend
Gebiss
dritte Zähne
devitaler Zahn
trockene Alveole
Schmelzgrat
Schmelzbildung
Schmelzȵecken
Schmelzwand
Zahnschmelz
durchbrechender
Zahn
geätzter Zahnschmelz
freiliegender
Zahnhals
E[traktionsalveole
erster Prämolar 4er
erster Molar 6er
Fissur, Furchen und
Rillen
Zahnȵeischlappen
Frontzahnbereich
Zahnȵeischdurchblutung
Zahnȵeischspalte
Gruppenf¾hrung
Gingivareizung
Zahnȵeischrand
Zahnȵeischtasche
Zahnȵeischgewebe
Zahnȵeisch
Zahnȵeischlächeln
harterweicher
Gaumen
gesunde Zähne
¾berempȴndlicher
Zahnhals
retinierter
Weisheitszahn
Schneidezahn
1er, 2er
Mundmilieu
Vocabulary
ryy
jaw joint movements
jaw line
jaw relation
jaw, jaws (pl.)
jawbone
lateral tooth area
lip balm
lip band, frenulum of
the lip
lip biting
lip mucosa
lip, lips
loss of enamel
lower
lower jaw, mandible
lower lip, bottom lip
mandibular
movements
molar, grinding
tooth, cheek tooth
mottled enamel
mouth
mucosa, mucous
membrane
multirooted teeth
occlusal contact
occlusal plane
occlusal surface
occlusal/masticatory
force, chewing
force
occlusion, contact
between the teeth
of the upper and
lower jaw
opposing teeth
oral cavity
palatal height,
width, length
palate, roof of the
mouth
permanent teeth,
adult teeth
posterior teeth
primary teeth, baby
teeth, milk teeth
pulp chamber, pulp
cavity
Kiefergelenksbewegungen
Unterkieferrand
Kieferrelation
Kiefer
Kieferknochen
seitlicher
Zahnbereich
Lippenbalsam,
Lippenpȵegestift
Lippenbändchen
Lippenbeissen
Lippenschleimhaut
Lippe, Lippen
Zahnschmelzverlust
untere Ȑ
Unterkiefer
Unterlippe
Unterkieferbewegungen
Molar, Mahlzahn
geȵeckter
Zahnschmelz
Mund
Schleimhaut
mehrwurzelige Zähne
2kklusalkontakt
Bissebene
Kauȵäche
Kaukraft
2kklusion
Gegenzähne
Mundhöhle
Gaumenhöhe,
-breite, -länge
Gaumen
receding gums
right, left
root
(root) apex, root tip
root canal
root-treated
saliva, spit
second bicuspid,
second premolar
second molar,
twelve-year molar
static occlusion
teething, to be
teething
tender tooth
third molar, wisdom
tooth
throat
tongue
tongue/lingual
frenulum
tonsil
(tooth) cement,
cementum
tooth contact
tooth mobility
tooth substance
tooth surface
tooth-to-tooth
distance
tooth, teeth
two-canal tooth
upper
upper jaw, maxilla
upper left second
molar
upper lip
uvula, little peg
1
zur¾ckgehendes
Zahnȵeisch
rechts, links
Zahnwurzel
Wurzelspitze
Wurzelkanal
wurzelbehandelt
Speichel
zweiter Prämolar
er
zweiter Molar 7er
statische 2kklusion
Zähne bekommen
Zahnen
empȴndlicher Zahn
Weisheitszahn 8er
Rachen, Kehle
Zunge
Zungenbändchen
Mandel
Wurzelzement
Zahnkontakt
Zahnbeweglichkeit
Zahnsubstanz
Zahnoberȵäche
Zahnabstand
Zahn, Zähne
zweikanaliger Zahn
obere Ȑ
2berkiefer
zweiter Molar im
2berkiefer 27
2berlippe
Zäpfchen
bleibende Zähne
Seitenzähne,
Backenzähne
Milchzähne
Zahnhöhle
11
Chapter
Diseases and Disorders
of the Oral Cavity
2
2
Spelling
2.1 Types of Diseases and Disorders of the Oral
Oraal Cavity
Ora
avity
y
The mouth is a gateway to the body and is constantly challenged
d by
yb
bacteria,
acte
er a
viruses, parasites, and fungi that can result in infectious diseases such as dental
caries and periodontal disease. Injuries and systemic diseases also inȵuence
oral health.
Various dental and oral diseases and disorders are shown in the following
illustrations. Unscramble the words so that they are spelt correctly.
14
1
2
hapta or thoum cleur
traufrecd hotot
3
4
woddecr tehte
mamatiȵinon of het mugs or vigiginist
5
6
mug desisae or denlatipoor sisdeae
hoott cayed or sireca
15
ANSWERS
1Ʉaphta or mouth ulcerɅ2Ʉfractured toothɅ3Ʉcrowded teethɅ4Ʉinȵammation of the
gums or gingivitisɅ5Ʉgum disease or periodontal diseaseɅ6Ʉtooth decay or caries
7Ʉnon-vital toothɅ8Ʉovergrowth of the gums – gingival hyperplasiaɅ9Ʉsubgingival
plaqueɅ10Ʉtemporomandibular joint disorderɅ11ɄabscessɅ12Ʉcyst
9
10
siggibunlav qualpe
poretommandiblaur toinj ordisred
11
12
secabss
sytc
asiaplyherp
7
8
onn-altiv ottoh
groovterwh of eth ugms – valiggin
Spelling
g
2
2
Comprehension
2.2 Toothache
2.2.1 All about Toothache
In the following multiple-choice exercise, mark the correct answer(s).
More than one answer may apply.
1
What are the English terms for “Zahnschmerzen”?
A ɄDentalgia, toothache, sinusitis
B ɄToothache, dental pain, odontalgia
C ɄDiscomfort, toothache, aches and pains
2
Deȴne the term “toothache”.
A ɄEating or drinking hot or cold foods or drinks can make the pain worse.
B ɄToothache is caused by tooth decay, inȵamed tooth root nerves or gum
problems.
C ɄToothache is pain in or around the teeth or in the jaws.
3
Which symptoms can arise from a toothache?
A ɄSensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks.
B ɄBleeding around the tooth or in the gums.
C ɄSwollen tissue around the tooth.
D ɄSwelling of the jaw.
E ɄPain when eating.
4
What kinds of toothache can one e[perience?
A ɄPiercing pain
B ɄTwinge
C ɄPulsating pain
D ɄRadiating pain
E ɄHeadache
F ɄChronic toothache
G ɄDull pain
H ɄPressure sore
I ɄThrobbing pain
J ɄRacking toothache
K ɄE[cruciating toothache
16
Comprehension
n
5
2
What does the term “stechende Zahnschmerzen” mean in English?
A ɄStitch
B ɄPiercing pain
C ɄHunger pangs
D ɄSharp pain
E ɄStabbing pain
F ɄStinging
G ɄFleeting pain
H ɄPainless
6
What are the causes of toothache?
A ɄFever, swelling around the tooth, poor oral hygiene.
B ɄLack of ȵossing, chewing gum.
C ɄTooth decay, gum problems, inȵamed root canal.
D ɄTooth fracture, broken ȴlling.
E ɄFood debris trapped between two teeth.
7
Why may a toothache worsen when the patient bends down or lies down?
A ɄThe patient has chewed too much on one side.
B ɄFluid pressure builds up around the root.
C ɄA damaged ȴlling has fallen out and is poking the gums.
D ɄThe nerve in the middle of the tooth has died and become infected.
Which terms help describe toothache?
A ɄNature of pain
B ɄDuration of pain
C ɄSite of pain
D ɄPain relief
E ɄIntensity of pain
F Ʉ-oint pain
1ɄBɅ2ɄCɅ3ɄALLɅ4ɄA, B, C, D, F, G, I, -, KɅ5ɄB, D, E, GɅ6ɄC, DɅ7ɄB, DɅ8ɄA, B, C, E
ANSWERS
8
17
2
Comprehension
2.2.2 Types of Toothache
People all e[perience toothache di΍erently. 2ften a toothache can
n be
e a sign of
a much deeper condition. The severity of the toothache may also di΍er in terms
of the sensitivity of the tooth and the pain intensity. No matter what type of
toothache a patient is e[periencing, it should be checked by the dentist.
Match the boxes on the left to those on the right so that each type of toothache has a correct explanation.
1
Sharp tooth pain
A A constant aching tooth can be the result of nerve damage.
or sensitivity
The nerves of the tooth may be damaged by severe dental
decay or due to e[cessive grinding of the teeth, an injury,
or trauma to the tooth.
2
B Pain when eating could be due to either a crack in the
tooth or dental decay.
Chronic
toothache
C A toothache can often be a symptom of some serious underlying health problem. Studies show, for e[ample, that
a pain on the left side of the jaw can be the ȴrst sign of a
3
heart attack. A toothache can also be a sign of a sinus inExcruciating
fection. Inȵammation of the jaw and pain when eating can
pain
be one of the earliest symptoms of a temporomandibular
joint disorder TMD.
D When the teeth become sensitive to cold, which causes
4
a sharp pain when eating or drinking cold food or drinks,
Pain in the back of
it could be due to the loss of tooth enamel. This loss of
the jaw
tooth enamel occurs due to e[cessive brushing, as a natural part of the aging process, the recession of the gums or
the decay of a tooth cavity. If the teeth are very sensitive
to heat, this could be due to dental cavities, abscesses or
severe decay.
5
Pain when
eating
E
Pain e[perienced mainly in the back of the jaw could be
due to impacted back molars. People who grind their teeth
or have TMD can also e[perience jaw pain.
6
F
Intense, agonizing pain, including a throbbing sensation, is
Serious health
often due to an abscess or dental infection. When the pain
issues
is this intense there is often a noticeable swelling in the face.
1ɄDɅ2ɄAɅ3ɄFɅ4ɄEɅ5ɄBɅ6ɄC
ANSWERS
18
Dialog
g
2
2.2.3 Understanding Pain
This quiz should help you to practice your vocabulary and comprehension.
Match the German question on the left with the correct English question on
the right.
1
2
Welcher Zahn schmerzt?
Wann traten die Schmerzen erstmals
A Is it worse at night or during the day?
B What brings on the pain?
auf?
3
4
5
C Which tooth is aching?
Wie lange haben Sie die Schmerzen?
D Does the pain disturb your sleep?
Wie lange dauern die Schmerzen an?
How long have you had the pain?
F
When did you ȴrst notice this pain?
Ist es in der Nacht oder am Tag
schlimmer?
6
E
Wodurch werden die Schmerzen
ausgelöst?
G Do you have pain in the temple or the
ear?
7
Stört der Schmerz Ihren Schlaf?
H Do you e[perience pain when you drink
8
hot or cold liquids?
Fühlen Sie den Schmerz, wenn Sie
Ihren Zahn mit der Zunge berühren?
9
I
How long does the pain last?
Haben Sie Schmerzen in der Schläfe
oder im Ohr?
J
10
Do your gums bleed when you brush
your teeth?
Bekommen Sie Schmerzen bei
heißen oder kalten Flüssigkeiten?
Blutet Ihr Zahnȵeisch, wenn Sie Ihre
K Is the pain more severe when you press
here, or here?
Zähne putzen?
Ist der Schmerz stärker, wenn Sie
hier oder hier drücken?
L
Do you feel pain when you touch your
tooth with your tongue?
1ɄCɅ2ɄFɅ3ɄEɅ4ɄIɅ5ɄAɅ6ɄBɅ7ɄDɅ8ɄLɅ9ɄGɅ10ɄHɅ11Ʉ-Ʌ12ɄK
12
ANSWERS
11
19
2
Comprehension
2.2.4 Treatment for Toothache
Dentists use di΍erent methods to treat toothache, depending on
n the
he
e cause
cause.
Various causes of toothache are listed in the bo[.
Read the explanation of the treatment methods below and ȴll in the correct
cause for each in the blank spaces.
abrasion
infection
pulpitis
tooth fracture
e[traction
loose ȴlling
teeth grinding
tooth sensitivity
gum recession
loss of enamel
tooth decay
wisdom teeth
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
Dental decay often results from poor dental hygiene habits and an incorrect
diet, causing toothache. Treatment: remove the decayed part of the tooth and
replace it with a ȴlling. Dental crowns are an ideal solution when more than one
tooth surface is decayed.
1
2 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
If an e[isting ȴlling breaks or becomes loose, the dentist will remove it, clean
out any further decay, and place a new ȴlling.
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
The dentist or endodontist may recommend root canal treatment if the tooth
pulp is infected. The decayed pulp will be removed and the empty space ȴlled
with a paste. Thereafter, the tooth will be covered with a dental crown.
3
4 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
When the gums recede away from the teeth, the dentist will perform a gum
graft procedure. The dentist can transplant tissue that has been removed from
the palate, use synthetic gum tissue or a sliding graft. For a sliding graft, gum
tissue from neighboring areas is used to cover the root.
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
An improper diet or aggressive tooth brushing can lead to a loss of tooth enamel. The sensitivity and sharp pain that results can be treated with the help of
desensitizers.
5
20
Comprehension
n
2
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
The dentist will apply desensitizers, which need to be reapplied
frequently to treat sensitivity. Desensitizers can also be prescribed
for home use.
6
7 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
The teeth can be e[posed to all kinds of wear and tear. If there are
uneven surfaces, the dentist may ȴll these with composite ȴllings.
Dental crowns or veneers may be recommended when there is e[treme wear and tear.
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
Infections can result in abscesses, which are caused by dental decay or
injury. Firstly, antibiotics and painkillers will be prescribed. After the pain
has subsided, root canal treatment will be performed. The weakened tooth can
be restored with a dental crown.
8
ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
People who grind their teeth can e[perience tooth pain as a result of small
fractures or even a shift in the position of the teeth. The dentist may prescribe
a nightguard to be used while sleeping to protect the teeth.
9
10 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
Fractures in the teeth can result from abrasion, trauma or as a result of grinding. A dentist will treat a broken tooth using a protective covering such as a
dental veneer or crown.
11 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
Impacted molar teeth can result in crowding of the teeth and can move the other teeth. The dentist may have to perform oral surgery to remove the impacted
wisdom teeth.
12 ɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅɅ
If none of these treatments help to ease the pain, the tooth may have to be
removed. In cases where the tooth has become wedged between the jaw and
another tooth, tooth e[traction is required.
1Ʉtooth decayɅ2Ʉloose ȴllingɅ3ɄpulpitisɅ4Ʉgum recessionɅ5Ʉloss of enamelɅ6Ʉtooth
sensitivityɅ7ɄabrasionɅ8ɄinfectionɅ9Ʉteeth grindingɅ10Ʉtooth fractureɅ11Ʉwisdom
teethɅ12Ʉe[traction
21
ANSWERS
2
Vocabulary
2.2.5 Vocabulary Training
Match the German words/phrases with the correct English translations.
slatio
slat
io
ons.
1
retinierte Zähne
A wear and tear
2
Fraktur, Bruch
B enamel
3
Abnutzung, Verschleiß
C discomfort
4
eingekeilt/eingeklemmt zwischen
D impacted teeth
5
Zahnschmelz
E
e[cruciating
6
Empȴndlichkeit
F
toothacheb
7
Schmerzen beim Essen
G fracture
8
Zahnschmerzen
H sharp tooth pain
9
Unbehagen, Beschwerden
I
pain when eating
10
qualvoll, schmerzhaft
J
sensitivity
11
Gefühl, Empȴndung
K severity
12
Schwere
L
13
heftige/stechende Zahnschmerzen
M sensation
wedged between
1ɄDɅ2ɄGɅ3ɄAɅ4ɄLɅ5ɄBɅ6Ʉ-Ʌ7ɄIɅ8ɄFɅ9ɄCɅ10ɄEɅ11ɄMɅ12ɄKɅ13ɄH
ANSWERS
22
2
Comprehension
n
2.3 Dental Caries
2.3.1 What are Dental Caries?
Match the number in the picture with the correct text that describes the
state of the tooth.
A
B
C
D
E
F
1
ɅɅ A small “white spot” has formed, which is a sign of demineralization.
The surface of this tooth is still intact – no cavity has formed as yet.
If proper measures are taken immediately, the caries process can be
stopped.
2
ɅɅ This tooth has no dental caries.
3
ɅɅ This tooth has fractured.
4
ɅɅ This tooth has a ȴlling, which has not stopped the demineralization. A
lesion surrounds the ȴlling.
5
ɅɅ This tooth has a lesion with a soft ȵoor due to the deterioration of the
enamel surface.
6
ɅɅ The demineralization of this tooth continues, and undermines the
tooth.
1ɄBɅ2ɄAɅ3ɄFɅ4ɄDɅ5ɄCɅ6ɄE
23
ANSWERS
2
Comprehension
2.3.2 The Nature of Tooth Decay
Tooth decay, also called caries or cavities, is the progressive loss of tooth
oo
oth m
minin
eral, followed by bacterial invasion into the demineralized tooth. Five factors
contribute to the formation of caries/development of tooth decay.
Mark the correct ȴve factors from those listed in the bubbles below.
pits and ȴssures
bacteria
dietary
sucrose
saliva ȵow
rate
e[traction
acidogenic
intake of
ȵuoride
gland
pathology
reproduction
tooth
frequency
surface
of eating
bacteria – saliva ȵow rate – dietary sucrose – frequency of eating – intake of ȵuoride
ANSWERS
24
Comprehension
n
2
2.4 Gum Disease
2.4.1 All about Gum Disease
In the following multiple-choice exercise, mark the correct answer(s). More
than one answer may apply.
1
3
What causes gum disease?
2
Gingivitis is Ȑ
A Ʉbrushing and ȵossing
A Ʉa mild form of gum disease
B Ʉsticky, colorless plaque
B Ʉloss of bone and tissue
C Ʉirregular visits to the dentist
C Ʉinȵammation of the gums
D Ʉremoval of tartar
D Ʉteeth that have shifted
What has happened to cause periodontitis to form?
A Ʉuntreated inȵammation of the gums
B Ʉnerve damage
C Ʉgums have receded away from the tooth
D Ʉpockets are infected
E Ʉbacterial to[ins have broken down bone and connective tissue
4
Name the risk factors for gum disease.
A Ʉhormonal changes in girls and women
B Ʉherpes virus
C Ʉdiabetes
D Ʉillnesses such as cancer or AIDS
E Ʉdrug addiction
F Ʉsmoking
G Ʉgenetic susceptibility
H Ʉbad breath
I Ʉspeciȴc medications
What are the ȴrst symptoms of gum disease?
A Ʉred or swollen gums, receding gums
B Ʉtartar build-up, abscesses
C Ʉbad breath, painful chewing
D Ʉclicking of the jaw
E Ʉloose/sensitive teeth
F Ʉbad breath
G Ʉdiscolored teeth, mouth breathing
H Ʉtender/bleeding gums
1ɄBɅ2ɄA, CɅ3ɄA, C, D, EɅ4ɄA, C, D, F, G, IɅ5ɄA, C, E, F, H
ANSWERS
5
25
2
Vocabulary
2.5 Malocclusion
Malocclusion, or “bad bite”, is the technical term for dental and facial
cial ir
irregularrre
egula
ar
ities and refers to any disturbance in the normal alignment of teeth. Malpositioned teeth can be inherited or acquired. Crowding of teeth, e[tra or missing
teeth, and too much space between teeth are e[amples of inherited problems.
Acquired malocclusions are caused by accidents thumb, ȴnger or paciȴer sucking airway obstruction by tonsils and adenoids dental disease or premature
loss of primary or permanent teeth. Whether inherited or acquired, many of
these problems a΍ect the proper alignment of the teeth, as well as facial development and appearance.
Match each technical term in the box with the corresponding illustration.
26
crossbite
deep bite
missing teeth
overbite
crowding
deep overbite
open bite
spacing
1
2
3
4
underbite
27
ANSWERS
1ɄcrowdingɅ 2ɄspacingɅ 3ɄcrossbiteɅ 4Ʉopen biteɅ 5Ʉmissing teethɅ 6Ʉoverbite
protruding ma[illary teethɅ 7Ʉdeep biteɅ 8Ʉdeep overbiteɅ 9Ʉunderbite mandibular
protrusion
9
5
6
7
8
Vocabulary
ryy
2
2
Vocabulary
2.6 Vocabulary
abnormality,
malformation
abscess
allergy
alveolar cyst
alveolar resorption
apical granuloma
apical leakage
apical perforation
apical periodontitis
bad breath, mouth
odor, strong breath
bone loss
bone resorption
broken/fractured
tooth
buck tooth, protruding
tooth
burning sensation
canker sore, ulcer
caries, tooth decay,
area of rot, hole in
the tooth
carious tooth
chipped tooth
crackling jaw, jaw
clicking, jaw
popping
cracks
crossbite
crowding
cyst
(to) damage
dead tooth, non-vital
tooth, pulpless
tooth
deep bite
deep gum pockets
deȵective occlusal
contact
devital tooth
disease, illness
disorder
drifting/wandering
tooth
dull pain
28
Fehlbildung
Abzess
Allergie
Alveolarzyste
Alveolarkammabbau
apikales Granulom
undichter apikaler
Verschluss
Wurzelperforation
Wurzelspitzenentzündung
Mundgeruch
Knochenabbau
Knochenresorption
gebrochener/
frakturierter Zahn
vorstehender Zahn
brennendes Gefühl
Geschwür, Ulkus
Karies
kariöser Zahn
gesplitterter Zahn
Kiefergelenkknacken
Risse
Kreuzbiss
Engstand
Zyste
Beschädigung,
beschädigen
devitaler Zahn
Deck-/Tiefbiss
tiefe Zahnȵeischtaschen
deȵektiver Kontakt
pulpaloser Zahn
Erkrankung
Störung
wandernder Zahn
dumpfer Schmerz
edentulous
elongated tooth
erupting tooth
excruciating pain
exposure
fever
ȴlled tooth
ȴstula, gum boil
gangrenous/decayed
tooth
grinding, bruxism
gum bleeding
gum discoloration
zahnlos
elongierter Zahn
durchbrechender
Zahn
unerträglicher,
qualvoller Schmerz
Freilegung
Fieber
gefüllter Zahn/
Zahn mit Füllung
Fistel
fauler Zahn
Knirschen
Zahnȵeischbluten
Zahnȵeischverfärbung
gum/gingival disease
Zahnȵeischerkrankung
gum/gingival recession Zahnȵeischschwund
hematoma, bruise
Hämatom
impacted/embedded
retinierter Zahn
tooth
induration
Gewebeverhärtung
infection
Ansteckung, Infektion
inȵammation
Entzündung
inȵammation of gum
Zahnȵeischentzüntissue, gingivitis
dung
inȵammation of the
Entzündung der
oral mucosa
Mundschleimhaut
infrabony pocket
infraalveoläre
Knochentasche
injury
Verletzung,
Schädigung
(jaw) clenching
Pressen
lip biting
Lippenbei¡en
loose tooth
lockerer Zahn
loosening
Lockerung
malocclusion
Malokklusion,
Fehlbiss
missing tooth
fehlender Zahn
mottled tooth
geȵeckter Zahn
mouth breathing
Mundatmung
occlusal abrasion
okklusale Abrasion
Kauȵächenkaries
occlusal caries
occlusal disturbanc(es) 2kklusionsstörungen
occlusal stress
okklusale Belastung
occlusal trauma
traumatische
2kklusion
Vocabulary
ryy
occlusal wear
open bite
overbite
pain upon pressure
parafunction
partially erupted tooth
periodontal
inȵammation
periodontal/gum
pocket
periodontitis
piercing/sharp/
ȵeeting/stabbing
pain
pins and needles
plaque
prepared tooth
pressure sore
proliferation, growth,
tumor
protruding tooth
pulpitis, inȵammation
of the pulp
pulsating pain
pus
radiating pain
receding gums
red/reddened gums
root exposure
root fracture
root sepsis
Abkauung
o΍ener Biss
Vor-/Überbiss
Druckschmerzen
Parafunktion
unvollständig durchgebrochener Zahn
Wurzelhautentzündung
Zahnȵeischtasche
Parodontitis
stechender Schmerz
Kribbeln
Zahnbelag
präparierter Zahn
Druckstelle
Wucherung
vorstehender Zahn
Pulpitis
pulsierender Schmerz
Eiter
ausstrahlende
Schmerzen
zurückgehendes
Zahnȵeisch
gerötetes Zahnȵeisch
Wurzelfreilegung
Wurzelfraktur
Wurzelvereiterung
rotated tooth
sensitivity
severe
severity
sinusitis
sound/healthy tooth
spacing, gaps
submerged tooth
supplemental tooth
swelling
swollen
tartar, dental calculus
temporomandibular
joint disorders
(TMJD, TMJ, TMD)
temporomandibular
joint syndrome
tender, sensitive
throbbing pain
tilted tooth
tongue thrusting
tooth loss
toothache, tooth
pain, odontalgia,
dentalgia
twinge
underbite, mandibular
protrusion
vital tooth
weakened tooth
wear and tear
2
gedrehter Zahn
Empȴndlichkeit
massiv, schwer, stark,
schlimm
Schwere, Heftigkeit
Sinusitis
intakter/gesunder
Zahn
Zahnlücken
reinkludierter Zahn
überzähliger Zahn
Schwellung
geschwollen
Zahnstein
Kiefergelenksstörungen
Kiefergelenksyndrom
empȴndlich
klopfende Schmerzen
gekippter Zahn
Zungenpressen
Zahnverlust
Zahnschmerzen
ziehender Schmerz
Unterbiss
vitaler Zahn
geschwächter Zahn
Abnutzung
29
2
Dialog
2.7 Helpful Sentences
„ Please describe the kind of pain you
have.
¨ Bitte beschreiben Sie die Art Ihrer
Schmerzen.
„ I was in excruciating pain.
¨ Ich hatte entsetzliche Schmerzen.
„ Which tooth is aching?
¨ Welcher Zahn schmerzt?
„ How long have you had the pain?
¨ Wie lange haben Sie die Schmerzen?
„ How long does the pain last?
¨ Wie lange dauern die Schmerzen an?
„ Is it worse at night or during the
day?
¨ Ist es in der Nacht oder am Tag schlimmer?
„ Does the pain disturb your sleep?
¨ Stört der Schmerz Ihren Schlaf?
„ Where do you feel the pain most?
¨ Wo fühlen Sie den Schmerz am meisten?
„ Do you have pain in the temple or
the ear?
¨ Haben Sie Schmerzen in der Schläfe oder
im 2hr?
„ Do you feel the pain when you touch ¨ Fühlen Sie den Schmerz, wenn Sie Ihren
your tooth with your tongue?
Zahn mit der Zunge berühren?
30
„ Do you feel pain when drinking cold
or hot liquids?
¨ Bekommen Sie Schmerzen bei kalten
oder hei¡en Flüssigkeiten?
„ Is the pain more severe when you
press here, or here?
¨ Ist der Schmerz stärker, wenn Sie hier
oder hier drücken?
„ Do your gums bleed when you
brush?
¨ Blutet Ihr Zahnȵeisch, wenn Sie Ihre
Zähne putzen?