1a. Extra maps and family trees for Proto Indo

1a. Extra maps and family trees for Proto Indo

The history of the English Language
1. Proto-Indoeuropean (around 3500-2500 BC)
x Similarities and systematic differences between hundreds of words
in many languages found from Europe to India. Examples:
Engl.
father father
foot
foot
brother brother
carry bear
6
six
7
seven
same same
10
ten
tree
tree
eat
eat
3
three
live
quick
man
werewolf
Gothic
fadar
fotu
brothar
baira
saihs
sibun
sama
taihun
trui
itan
thri
/kwius/
wair
Sanskrit
pita
padam
bhratar
bharami
sas
septa
samah
dasa
dru
adtri
jivah
virah
Greek
pater
poda
phrater
phero
hex
hepta
homos
deka
drys
edtris
Latin
pater
pedem
frater
fero
sex
septem
simildecem
edere
tres
vivos
vir
PIE
*pԥter*ped*bhrater*bher*seks
*septm
*samos
*dekm*druo*ed*trei*gwei*wi-ro-
Spread of PIE around 1000 BC
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Not many languages in Europe are not Indo-European,
e.g. Basque, Finnish, Estonian, Georgian, Hungarian,
Turkish
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Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European Languages
(http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/indoeuropeanlanguages.html)
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Language families descended from PIE
Germanic (Gothic, German, English, Danish...)
Celtic (Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic, Cornish…)
Italic (Latin Æ French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian…)
Helenic (Greek)
Balto-Slavic (Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian, Polish,
Czech…)
Tocharian (extinct languages in Western China),
Indo-Iranian (Persian, Pashto, Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu…)
Armenian
Anatolian (extinct languages in Turkey, Syria),
Albanian
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www.linguatics.com/indoeuropean_languages.htm
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