The Language

Transcription

The Language

Praktikum im Bereich Praktische Informatik
Entwicklung eines Ray-Tracing Systems
computer graphics & visualization
Organizational
 Weekly Assignments + Preliminary discussion:
 Tuesdays 15:30 - 17:00 in room MI 02.13.010
 Assignment deadline on Monday at 23:59
Closing date has to be met strictly !
 Preferably groups of 2 students
 Group arrangements by the 22th of April the latest
 Hard-/software available in room MI 02.13.008
C# Praktikum SS08 – Entwicklung eines Ray-Tracing Systems
K. Bürger, R. Fraedrich, Prof. Dr. Westermann
Organizational
 If you have a question:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Use the discussion forum on the course homepage
Visit the weekly question time (appointment ?)
Contact us per eMail
Appear in person at our office
Organizational
 To pass the course / obtain a certificate
 Orderly solution to all assignments on schedule !
 Your grade will be determined by the quality of
your solutions and a small oral examination at
the end of the semester
Organizational
 Comment the code in your solutions in detail !
 Use #region-tags or comments to help us localizing
assignment specific part in your sourcecode. e.g:
 //A1_2b (for subtask 2b of assignment 1) or
 #region A1_2b //your code here #endregion
 Use XML (documentation) comments to describe
methods and their parameters in detail !
–Framework: Objectives
Provide:
 Consistent
object-oriented
programming
environment
no matter how the locally stored object code is executed:
(locally, locally but Internet-distributed, or remotely).
 Code-execution environment that:
 minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts
 promotes safe execution of code
 eliminates performance problems of scripted/interpreted environments
Ensure:
– Integrability of the .NET Framework code with any other code
according to industry standards
–Framework in context
–Framework components
.Net Framework
Common Language Runtime
Web Services
XML Support
Base Classes
Code Management
Memory Management
Web Forms
(ASP.NET)
Windows Forms
(GDI+)
Data
(ADO.NET)
IL-JIT-Compiler
Security System
Developer services
Type management
Process management
COM interop
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
–Framework
VB.NET
sourcecode
C#
sourcecode
other
.NET-capable
languages
VB.NET
Compiler
C#
Compiler
Compiler
Other not
.NET-capable
languages
C++
sourcecode
VC++
Compiler 7.0 Unmanaged code
Compiler
Managed
code
Managed
code
Managed
code
Managed
code
MSIL-code
Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)
[File]
Just-In-Time-Compiler (JIT)
(poart of the Common Language Runtime)
Native Code
(NativeImage)
[File]
Native Code
[RAM]
Native Code
[File]
Operating system
See http://www.dotnetframework.de/default2.aspx?start=http://www.dotnetframework.de/dotnet/DOTNET_Framework_Einfuehrung.asp
CLI/CTS: Common type system
Types
Value Types
Reference Types
Self Describing
Types
Pointer
Enumerations
Interfaces
User Value Types
Classes
System Value Types
Delegates
Stack
User-Defined
Arrays
Boxed values
Heap
vs. JAVA(J2EE) : Portability
 Java:
 multi platform (available for every OS)
 „not really“ multi language
 .NET:
 „not really“ multi platform (ROTOR, MONO)
 multi language (C++, C#, J#, Visual Basic, Delphi,…)
vs. Native Code: Performance
 .NET, the JIT
 compiles every used method once per program execution
 knows the target machine well
 knows the programs behaviour
 Native code, the compiler




usually compiles everything only once
has much time to optimize code
has „no idea“ of the target machine
can‘t do runtime optimization on it‘s own
C#: The prefered .NET language
 C# is a type-safe object-oriented language.
 Curly-brace syntax is very similar to C, C++ or Java
 C# syntax simplifies many of the complexities of C++
 C# provides powerful features:
 nullable value types, enumerations, delegates,
anonymous methods and direct memory access.
 supports generic methods, types, and iterators
 C# supports encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism.
 A class may inherit directly from one parent class, but it may implement any
number of interfaces.
 In C#, a struct is a „lightweight class“, which can implement interfaces but
does not support inheritance (located on the stack).
C#...
 Use process "Interop." to interact with other Windows software (e.g. COM
objects, native Win32 DLLs)
 „Interop.“ enables C# programs to do just about anything that a native C++
application can do
 C# supports pointers and the concept of "unsafe" code
(for those cases in which direct memory access is absolutely critical)
 C# build process is simple (vs. C, C++), flexible (vs. Java)
 There are no separate header files, and no strict order for methods and types
 C# source files may define any number of classes, structs, interfaces, events
C#: familiarize with new constructs !
 Properties, which serve as accessors for private member variables (set/get)
 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x9fsa0sw(VS.80).aspx
 Inline XML documentation comments ( Doc / intellisense)
 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/de-de/magazine/cc302121(en-us).aspx
 Attributes, which provide declarative metadata about types at run time
 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa288059(VS.71).aspx
 Encapsulated method signatures called delegates, which enable type-safe
event notifications (comparable to function pointer in C++ !)
 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/de-de/library/ms173171(VS.80).aspx
vs. JAVA (J2EE): Keywords
C# Keyword
Java Keyword
base
super
bool
boolean
is
instanceof
lock
synchronized
namespace
package
sealed
final
using
import
internal
private
:
extends
:
implements
n.a
native
n.a
transient
All .NET 3.0 keywords: http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x53a06bb(VS.85).aspx
Hello World
using System;
namespace HelloWorldApplication
{
/// <summary>
/// This class is really boring since it only prints „Hello World“
/// </summary>
class HelloWorld
{
/// <summary>
/// The Main Method is the entry point for the app
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
}
}
}
Hello World Form
using
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Drawing;
System.Collections;
System.ComponentModel;
System.Windows.Forms;
System.Data;
namespace HelloWorldForm
{
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
label1.Text = "Hello World";
}
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
if (components != null)
components.Dispose();
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
Hello World Form
private void InitializeComponent()
{
label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
SuspendLayout();
label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(164, 68);
label1.Name = "label1";
label1.TabIndex = 0;
label1.Text = "label1";
AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(420, 158);
Controls.Add(label1);
Name = "Form1";
Text = "Hello Application";
ResumeLayout(false);
}
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
}
}
Exercise 1 : Class Designer
Create a new project (Visual C#  Class-Library), and prepare your workspace:
Exercise 1
Exercise 2: GUI
 Create a new Windows-Application for C# within Visual Studio
 Add following control elements to the main window:
 Two Panel components
 Six TextBox components
 One PictureBox component
 Two RadioButton components
 Six Button components
Exercise 2: exemplary GUI
Exercise 2
 Add a new structure to the namespace to store the textbox values
 Add properties to access the private data fields
 Add a constructor and 2 methods LoadValues(), SaveValues()
 This struct will be used to easily store application
parameters in a configuration file !
Exercise 2
 Add methods for the TextBoxes to process user input
 Parse a TextBox content whenever it‘s edited (catch invalid input !)
 Convert the input to double and set the corresponding struct value
 Set the TextBox.Text, use following code to ensure a consistent decimal delimiter


TextBox.Text = TextBox.Text .Replace(".", System.Globalization.NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.NumberDecimalSeparator);
TextBox.Text = TextBox.Text .Replace(„,", System.Globalization.NumberFormatInfo.CurrentInfo.NumberDecimalSeparator);
 Add „onClick“ events for the Save/Load buttons and call the the
corresponding LoadValues(), SaveValues() methods of the parameter
structure.
 Close the window if the button „Close“ is pressed.
 Restore TextBox and struct values to default parameters when the
„Reset“ button is pressed
Exercise 2: XML Serialization
Familiarize yourself with following namespaces:
 System.Xml.Serialization provides methods to store/read
member values of a class instances in/from XML-Documents
 System.IO provides read write operations to disc
 Add content to the FragmentParameters struct methods
SaveValues() and LoadValues() using XmlSerializer and
StreamWriter/StreamReader to serialize its content to/from a
XML configuration file.
e.g: http://www.devtrain.de/artikel_798.aspx
References
 C# documentation / literature
 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/de-de/library/kx37x362(VS.80).aspx
 http://www.dotnetframework.de/dotnet/start.aspx
 http://www-alt.uni-trier.de/urt/user/baltes/docs/csharp/csharp.htm
 D. Marshall, Visual C# 2005: The Language, Microsoft Press, 2006.
 H. Mössenböck, Introduction to C#, University of Linz, Austria.
 H. Mössenböck, Advanced C#, University of Linz, Austria.
 …

The Language

Transcription

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