Haushaltsbudget-Erhebungen in Europa

Transcription

TECHNICAL Reports
2011|09
Haushaltsbudget-Erhebungen in
Europa
Erste Schritte zu einem neuen GESIS-Service
Thomas Oeftering, Matthias Fleck,
Georgios Papastefanou
kölkölölk
GESIS-Technical Reports 2011|09
Erste Schritte zu einem neuen GESIS-Service
Thomas Oeftering, Matthias Fleck, Georgios Papastefanou
GESIS – Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften 2011
GESIS-Technical Reports
GESIS – Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften
German Microdata Lab (GML)
Arbeitsbereich Haushaltsbudgetdaten
Postfach 12 21 55
68072 Mannheim
Telefon: (0621) 1246 - 278
Telefax: (0621) 1246 - 100
E-Mail: [email protected] / [email protected]
ISSN:
ISSN:
Herausgeber,
Druck und Vertrieb:
1868-9043 (Print)
1868-9051 (Online)
GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften
Lennéstraße 30, 53113 Bonn
1 Einleitung
Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen sind zentraler Bestandteil der nationalen Statistiken in Europa. Alle nationalen statistischen Ämter in der Europäischen Union führen in regelmäßigen Abständen Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen durch (vgl. Eurostat 2003), in denen unter Verwendung von Haushaltsbüchern Art
und Höhe der Einnahmen und Ausgaben (für Güter und Dienstleistungen) der privaten Haushalte in
großer Gliederungstiefe erfasst werden. Darüber hinaus werden weitere Merkmale zu verschiedenen
Lebensbereichen erhoben bspw. Zusammensetzung des Haushalts, Beteiligung am Erwerbsleben,
Wohnsituation, Mobilität, Ausstattung mit langlebigen Gebrauchsgütern etc. sowie Angaben zu sozioökonomischem Status und Demographie. Damit bieten Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen ein besonderes
Potential für die Erforschung sozio-ökonomischer Ungleichheit, insbesondere im europäischen Vergleich. Allerdings erschließt sich das Potential für die Forschung vor allem dann, wenn sie Zugang zu
den Mikrodaten der Haushaltserhebungen aus den einzelnen EU-Ländern hat. Zwar bemüht sich
Eurostat um Koordination der Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen der EU-Mitgliedsländer, indem sie z.B. eine
vereinheitlichte Datenbasis erstellt (Eurostat 1993, 1997, 2003). Der Zugang zu den Einzeldatensätzen
für den einzelnen Forscher ist jedoch gegenwärtig nur über die jeweiligen nationalen statistischen
Ämter möglich. Bei 27 Mitgliedsländern bedeutet dies für die vergleichende Forschung einen nahezu
prohibitiv hohen Aufwand, der schon bei der Beschaffung von Zugangsregelungen und Metadaten
entsteht.
Deshalb verfolgt GESIS – Leibniz Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, als Serviceeinrichtung für die Sozialwissenschaften, das Ziel einen auf Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen bezogenen Dienst aufzubauen, der
bereits bei der Sammlung von einschlägigen Metadaten und Kontakt-Informationen beginnt. Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt das Konzept dieses Services und stellt erste Ergebnisse vor, die für die Forschung hilfreich sein können.
2 Ziele des Serviceangebots
Unter der Aufgabenstellung, den Zugang zu Mikrodaten der Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen in Europa zu
erleichtern, besteht ein Element darin, den Rechercheaufwand für die Forschung zu verringern und ihr
ein zeiteffizientes Arbeiten mit den Metadaten und Mikrodaten zu eröffnen. Darüber hinaus soll aber
mit den bereitzustellenden Metadaten auf einer ersten Stufe der Datendokumente auch einer Vergleichbarkeit der Haushaltsbudgetdaten der einzelnen EU-Länder der Weg bereitet werden.
Daher erschien es zwingend, eine nach Ländern sortierte, tabellarische Linksammlung zu erstellen, die
zu den jeweiligen, national spezifischen Zugangsmodalitäten, Kontaktangaben, aber auch zu den verwendeten Kategorienlisten führen. Der erste Schritt hin zu einem umfassenden Serviceangebot für die
5
6
Forschung bestand darin, für die EU-Länder die direkten Zugänge zu den einschlägigen Webseiten der
nationalen Statistischen Ämter zu recherchieren und zusammenzuführen.
Als weitere relevante Metadaten, die im Forschungsprozess von Bedeutung sind, fallen an: Art der
Stichprobenziehung, Größe der Stichprobe, Erhebungszeiträume, Erhebungsmethoden und verwendete
1
Klassifizierungen (wie z.B. die COICOP-HBS ). In einer ersten Ausbaustufe unseres Informationsdienstes
wird der Fokus auf die etablierten EU-Mitgliedsländer gelegt. In einem weiteren Schritt sollen die in
jüngster Zeit beigetretenen Mitglieder der EU bzw. Beitrittskandidaten in den Fokus der Metadatensammlung genommen werden. Schließlich wären in einem dritten Ausbauschritt Metadaten über die
Haushaltserhebungen der OECD-Mitgliedsstaaten bereitzustellen, um einschlägige Grundinformationen für über Europa hinausgehende Vergleiche auf der Basis von Haushaltsbudgetdaten bereitzustellen.
3 Ergebnisse
Es gibt keine Plattform im Web, die alle Metadaten der Haushaltsbudgetdaten in der EU in einer eigenen Sammlung bereitstellt. Deshalb war ein umfangreicher Suchprozess auf den Websites der jeweiligen nationalen statistischen Ämter nötig, mit dem Ziel, Informationen zu den Zugangsmodalitäten,
Kontaktdaten und weiteren inhaltlichen Angaben der jeweiligen Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen, zu finden.
Das Web-Angebot der nationalen statistischen Ämter in der EU ist schnell gefunden. Die Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen als spezielle Funktions- und Leistungsuntergruppe hingegen, sind durch verschiedene strukturelle Einordnungen und sprachliche Hindernisse schwerer zu finden. Die Daten sind sehr
oft unterschiedlichen Abteilungen zugeordnet, z. B. dem Bereich Soziales, Arbeitsmarkt, Bevölkerung,
der Einkommensstatistik oder einer Statistik zu Lebensbedingungen. Da die Haushaltbudgeterhebungen außerdem keiner einheitlichen Bezeichnung folgen konnten Suchabfragen auf den jeweiligen
Websites nur bedingt weiter helfen.
Hinzu kommen Probleme aufgrund fehlender englischer Versionen. Beispielsweise war es Mangels
einer englischen Version der Homepage des dänischen nationalen Statistischen Amtes nur dadurch
möglich die Unterkategorie Household Budget Survey (HBS) zu finden, indem für die Suche der Originalname (‚Forbrugsundersøgelsen’) verwendet wurde.
1
Klassifikation der Verwendungszwecke des Individualverbrauchs (Classification of Individual Consumption by
Purpose (CIOCOP)) adapted to the needs of Household Budget Surveys (COICOP-HBS).
Eine Hilfe bieten die sogenannten ‚sitemaps’ die anhand eines Strukturbaumes den Aufbau der Webseite grafisch verdeutlichen. Mithilfe dieses Strukturbaumes konnte man die Logik des Aufbaus einer
Homepage nachvollziehen und zur Unterkategorie Haushaltsbudgeterhebung gelangen.
Eine weitere Schwierigkeit für die Suchabfrage bestand in der Trennung der Basisinformationen von
den Mikrodaten. Grundlegende Informationen wie Erhebungsjahr und erste tabellarische Ergebnisse
der Haushaltsbudgetdaten waren oft getrennt von Informationen über den Zugang zu den Mikrodaten
organisiert. Teilweise wurden die unterschiedlichen Informationen von komplett verschiedenen Institutionen organisiert (z.B. bei den Statistischen Ämtern von Frankreich und Großbritannien). Das machte
eine erneute Recherche auf der Webseite der die Mikrodaten bereitstellenden Institution notwendig.
Vor diesem Hintergrund bestand die Zielsetzung darin, die Rechercheergebnisse in einer möglichst
einfachen Darstellung der relevanten Informationen zusammenzuführen, die einen raschen Zugang zu
den gewünschten Ressourcen bietet. In diesem Sinne haben wir die Ergebnisse in vier Tabellen zusammengefasst. Die ersten beiden beinhalten die Zugangsmodalitäten und Kontaktdaten für 17 europäische Länder (vgl. die Tabellen A.1 und A.2 im Anhang), die dritte bietet für dieselben Länder grundlegende Informationen über die Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen (vgl. Tabelle A.3 im Anhang) und in einer
vierten Tabelle werden diese Informationen für Haushaltsbudgeterhebungen in Ländern bereitgestellt,
die erst in jüngster Zeit EU- Mitglied geworden sind bzw. sich in einem Status als Beitrittskandidaten
befinden (vgl. Tabelle A.4 im Anhang).
4 Ausblick
Für den weiteren Ausbau des Serviceangebots wird es wichtig sein, die in den Haushaltsbudget Surveys
eingesetzten Fragebögen und Haushaltsbücher einerseits sowie die Codebücher, auf deren Grundlage
die Datensätze erstellt worden sind, andererseits im Detail bereitzustellen. Während jedoch Fragebögen
noch am ehesten zugänglich sind, werden die Haushaltsbücher meist nicht online einsehbar bereitgestellt. Ähnlich verhält es sich mit Variablenlisten oder Verzeichnissen der verwendeten Kategorien,
diese sind in der Mehrzahl der Fälle nicht online abrufbar. Es wird nötig sein, die aufbereiteten Kontaktdaten zu nutzen, um im direkten Austausch mit den zuständigen, nationalen Stellen akzeptable
Formen des Zugangs zu diesen Informationen zu erarbeiten.
7
8
Literatur
Eurostat (1993): Family Budget Surveys in the EU: Methodology and Recommendations for Harmonization. Luxembourg.
Eurostat (1997): Household Budget Surveys in the EU: Methodology and Recommendations for Harmonization. Luxembourg.
Eurostat (2003): Household Budget Surveys in the EU. Methodology and Recommendations for Harmonisation - 2003. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
URL: http://www.eds-destatis.de/downloads/publ/KS-BF-03-003-EN-N.pdf (zuletzt besucht:
16.09.2011)
Eurostat (2004): Household Budget Survey in the Candidate Countries. Methodological Analysis
2003. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
URL: http://www.eds-destatis.de/downloads/publ/KS-BF-04-002-EN-N.pdf (zuletzt besucht:
16.09.2011)
9
Anhang
Tabelle A.1:
Länder
Österreich
Zugangsmodalitäten
Datensätze
Jahr (aktuellste
Variablenliste
Erhebung)
2004/2005
Belgien
2006
Dänemark
2005
Finnland
2006
Frankreich
2006
Deutschland
2008
zu Grunde liegende
Kategorien
Zugangsmodalitäten
Webseite zu HBS
Webseite
Datenzugang
Datenanforderung
http://www.statistik. http://www.statistik. http://www.statistik. request for stanRequest for task
at/web_de/
at/web_de/statistike at/web_de/services/ dardized data sets specific data sets
n
http://www.statbel.f
http://statbel.fgov.b http://www.privacyc
gov.be/downloads/h
e/fr/statistiques/coll ommission.be/fr/sect
—
bs2006ex_ph4_fr.xls
ecte_donnees/enque oral_committees/sta
—
—
tes/budget_des_men tistic-supervisory
ages/index.jsp
http://www.dst.dk/u http://www.dst.dk/u http://www.dst.dk/V firms
pload/variabelliste_f pload/coicop_hbs_2 ejviser/Portal/Forbru 3. Enterprises.
—
—
u2005_003.xls
003_g.aspx
_til_hjemmeside.doc
http://www.stat.fi/til http://www.stat.fi/til http://www.stat.fi/tu http://www.stat.fi/til
—
—
/ktutk/index_en.htm /ktutk/index_en.htm p/esds/mikrodata_en /ktutk/yht_en.html
l
l
.html
http://www.insee.fr/
http://www.insee.fr/ http://www.cmh.acs Request as PDF
http://www.cmh.acs
fr/themes/detail.asp?
fr/themes/document dm2.ens.fr/acces.php
dm2.ens.fr/enquetes
ref_id=ir.asp?ref_id=BDF06
/XML/lil-0365.xml
—
bdf06&page=irweb/
bdf06/dd/doc/listvar.
htm
http://www.destatis. http://www.destatis. http://www.destatis. http://www.destatis. Request for SUF
de/jetspeed/
de/jetspeed/port
de/jetspeed/portal/ de/jetspeed/portal/c utilization
—
ms/
—
10
Tabelle A.1 (fortgesetzt):
Länder
Großbritannien
Griechenland
Zugangsmodalitäten
Datensätze
Jahr (aktuellste
Erhebung)
2007
2004
Irland
2004/5
Italien
2006
Niederlande
2008
Norwegen
2008
Datensatz
(Variablenliste)
zu Grunde liegende
Kategorien
Zugangsmodalitäten
Webseite zu HBS Webseite Datenzugang
Datenanforderung
http://www.ccsr.ac.u http://www.esds.ac.u http://www.esds.ac.u http://www.data- Registration for
k/esds/variables/efs/ k/findingData/variab k/government/efs/ archiforeigners
efs6118/
leList.
ve.ac.uk/aandp/acces
s/login.asp
http://www.statistics http://www.statistics
—
—
—
.gr/portal/page/port .gr/portal/page/port
al/E
al/
http://www.ucd.ie/is
http://www.cso.ie/su http://www.ucd.ie/is http://www.ucd.ie/is
—
sda/datasetrveysandmethodolo sda/datasetsda/documentation/
info/hbs04
gies/surveys/
info/hbs-details.htm
http://www.istat.it/s http://www.istat.it/d http://www.istat.it/d https://contact.istat.
—
trumenti/definizioni/ ati/catalogo/200807 ati/microdati/file_mi it/registrazione.php
17_00/
crodati.html
http://www.cbs.nl/nl http://www.cbs.nl/nl http://www.cbs.nl/e http://www.cbs.nl/e
—
n-GB/
nNL/menu/methoden NL/menu/methoden/
GB/menu/_unique/
http://www.ssb.no/e http://www.ssb.no/f http://www.ssb.no/e http://www.ssb.no/e
—
nglish/subjects/05/0 orbruk_en/
nglish/mikrodata_en nglish/mikrodata_en
2/fbu_en/
/
/
—
—
—
—
—
—
11
Länder
Portugal
Spanien
Schweden
Schweiz
Zugangsmodalitäten
Datensätze
Jahr (aktuellste
Erhebung)
2007
2005
2008
2008
Datensatz
(Variablenliste)
zu Grunde liegende
Kategorien
Zugangsmodalitäten
Webseite zu HBS Webseite Datenzugang
Datenanforderung
http://metaweb.ine. http://www.ine.pt/x http://www.gpeari.m http://www.gpeari.m
pt/sim/operacoes/pe porctes.pt/index.php?id ctes.pt/index.php?id
squisa.aspx
tal/xmain?xpid=INE c=183&idi=50614 c=183&idi=50614
—
&xpgid=ine_cont_in
st&ine_smenu.bOui=
13918474&INST=54
411
http://www.ine.es/m http://www.ine.es/ja http://www.ine.es/en not necessary
etodologia/t25/anex xi/menu.do?L=1&typ /prodyser/microdato
—
oecpf.doc
e=pcaxis&path=%2F s_en.htm
t25/e437&file=ineba
se
http://www.scb.se/st
http://www.scb.se/P http://www.scb.se/P
atistik/HE/HE0201/_
ages/Product____22 ages/List____25714
—
—
doku952.aspx
7.aspx
ment/HE0201_BS_2
007_en.doc
http://www.bfs.admi http://www.bfs.admi http://www.bfs.admi http://www.bfs.admi
—
n.ch/bfs/porta
n.ch/bfs/portal/de/ n.ch/bfs/portal/de/ n.ch/bfs/portal/de/
—
—
—
—
12
Tabelle A.2:
Kontaktdaten
Länder
Kontaktdaten
Telefon
weiterführende Hinweise
E-Mail
Österreich
0043 (1) 71128-7111
[email protected]
—
0043 (1) 71128-7111
Belgien
0032 [0]22776122
[email protected]
—
0032 [0]22776122
Dänemark
0045 3917 3131
[email protected]
Finnland
J. Nurmela
+358 9 1734 2548
M. Ylitalo
+358 9 1734 3560
http://www.stat.fi/til/ktutk/yht_en.html
Frankreich
—
http://www.dst.dk/HomeUK/ForSale 0045 3917 3131
/Research/acces.aspx
—
[email protected]
—
J. Nurmela
+358 9 1734 2548
M. Ylitalo
+358 9 1734 3560
—
Deutschland
Service Phone
0049 611 75 8880
Service Fax
0049 611 75 8975
Ms B. Demant
Tel. +49 (0)228 99 643 8850
Fax. +49 (0)228 99 643 8970
[email protected]
[email protected]
See also for comments on scientific Service Phone
use files
0049 611 75 8880
Service Fax
0049 611 75 8975
Ms B. Demant
Tel. +49 (0)228 99 643 8850
Fax. +49 (0)228 99 643 8970
Großbritannien
General contact for registered
users is
0044 161 275 1980
help desk
0044 1206 872143
General contact for registrated users is
[email protected]
help desk
[email protected]
A helpful guide how to access data
2
and information at ESDS
2
General contact for registered users is
0044 161 275 1980
help desk
0044 1206 872143
From 2001-2002 onwards the Family Expenditure Survey (FES) and National Food Survey (NFS) are merged into the new Expenditure and Food Survey (EFS) which is available in SPSS. The old files of FES
and NFS are still available. To get access to micro data an account has to be created. Foreigners can registrate over the link below and members of UK - Institutions can use the login link on every page
using the files with their UK Federations or Athens account. After agreeing to the end-user license you can choose your data set and download it. There may be charged some fees depending on the
wished access to the data.
13
Tabelle A.2:
Kontaktdaten
Länder
Kontaktdaten
Telefon
weiterführende Hinweise
E-Mail
Griechenland
0030 210 4852022
0030 210 4852311
[email protected]
Irland
Tel: 353-21-4535000
[email protected]
Italien
Centro diffusione dati
tel. 06 4673.3102-3-5-6
fax 06 4673.3101-7
[email protected]
Niederlande
Tel. reception desk:
+31 (0)70 337 38 00 (Not for
statistical information)
—
There is temporarily no English website for microdata. If you can speak
and read Greek try the following
www2.ekke.gr or www.statistics.gr
0030 210 4852022
0030 210 4852311
—
Tel: 353-21-4535000
—
Centro diffusione dati
tel. 06 4673.3102-3-5-6
fax 06 4673.3101-7
—
Tel. reception desk:
+31 (0)70 337 38 00 (Not for statistical
information)
Norwegen
(+047) 62 88 53 20
[email protected]
—
(+047) 62 88 53 20
Portugal
(+351) 226050748
[email protected]
—
(+351) 226050748
Spanien
(+34) 91 583 91 00
http://www.ine.es/infoine
—
(+34) 91 583 91 00
Schweden
Åsa Fridlund Karlsson +46 19
17 68 82;
Mikael Molén
+46 19 17 68 92
[email protected]
—
Åsa Fridlund Karlsson +46 19 17 68 82;
Mikael Molén
+46 19 17 68 92
(+41) 32 713 68 11
[email protected]
—
(+41) 32 713 68 11
Schweiz
14
Tabelle A.3:
Haushaltsbudget Surveys in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten
Countries
Austria
Name of the survey Konsumerhebung
Belgium
Enquête sur les
Budgets des
Ménages
3
Denmark
Finland
Forbrugsundersøgels Kulutustutkimus
en
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Enquête Budgets des Einkommens- und Family Budget Sur- Household Budget
Familles
Verbrauchsstichpro- vey
Survey
be (EVS)
Aim of the survey
To produce data to
construct the
weights in the Consumer Price Index
and to get information for analyses of
living standards and
poverty.
To update the
The results of the
weighting of goods survey are used as
and services for the one of the inputs to
consumption price calculate the Conindex and to provide sumer Price Index
the data to Eurostat and to establish the
and the Institute of national accounts.
National Accounts. They are used for
To put the data at different public and
private planning
the disposal of
universities, minis- purposes.
tries, research institutions etc.
The purpose of the The principal uses of The purpose of the Revision of the
Household Budget the survey are:
income and conConsumer Price
survey is to produce for the weighting of sumption survey
Index.
information on the the consumer price (EVS) is to provide
household´s or the index; for national data for the weightindividual´s conaccounts; for socio- ing of goods and
sumer behaviour, on economic studies, services for the
how their incomes for example studies Consumer Price
on income, poverty, Index and to provide
are created and
distributed, on their inequality, or studies representative stadebts plus the public on specific popula- tistical data on the
goods and services tion groups and,
composition of
which they receive more generally,
private households,
in the form of wel- numerous studies on their sociofare services and
consumption and economic status,
furthermore on
standard of living. their income by
ownership of consource, and expendisumer durables.
ture by type and
purpose.
The Household
Budget survey aims
to determine the
consumption expenditure structure
of households in
order to update the
weights included in
the Consumer Price
Index.
Conducted since
1954
1957/58
1966
1951/52
3
1955
1965
1962/63
1957/58
Tabelle A.3 weitgehend erarbeitet auf Basis von: Eurostat (2003): Household Budget Surveys in the EU. Methodology and Recommendations for Harmonisation – 2003. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
15
Countries
Frequency
Austria
Every 5 years
Belgium
Annual as from
1995. Before 1995
the survey was
carried out irregularly.
Denmark
Finland
France
The survey has
Until 1994: approx- Irregular:
become annually
imately every five approximately
starting in 1994.
years from 1994 to every 5 years
Formerly the survey 1996: the survey
was conducted
was conducted
approximately every annually. From 1998
five years.
onwards: every
three years.
Germany
Greece
1962/63, 1969, since Since 1982 the
1973 every 5 years survey has been
carried out in
1981/82, 1987/88,
1993/1994 and
1998/99
All private house- Private households
holds with residence and their members
in Denmark except living in Finland
Greenland and the (excluded are memFaroe Islands.
bers living in institutions).
All private households with their
residence in the
national territory,
with the exceptions
mentioned under
'sample design'.
Basic population
Private households Private households
and their members. residing within the
national territory
whatever their
nationality.
Sampling frame
Austrian Microcen- National population Central Population Central Population Census updated by Microcensus
register.
register.
new constructions.
sus 1994 and 1995 register.
(new building/dwellings were
added).
Census of Populati- Census of populaon.
tion enumeration
areas.
Sample size
1999/2000:
n = 7098
1994: n = 6258
1994: n = 3745
1994: n = 2727
1994: n = 4360
Private households
on the national
territory, oversampling of the Overseas Departements
(DOM).
Oversea Territories
are not included.
Ireland
Irregular
2000/2001:
n = 25000
2008: n = 55110
All private house- All private households. Excluded were holds on national
the following
territory.
households
institutional, with
more than three
lodgers, with foreign
nationals serving in
foreign diplomatic
missions, households
with members not
speaking greek.
1994: n = 7644
16
Countries
Sample design
Austria
Two-staged
probability sample
Belgium
Two-staged
drawings
Denmark
One-staged
probability sample
Finland
Two-staged
probability sample
The sample is repreSample represen- Representative for the Bruxelles is overre- At national level.
presented. Reliable Overrepresented are sentative of the
9 Austrian regions.
tativity
data on the expend- Greenland and Faroe population.
iture structure of Islands.
the average household at national and
regional levels
(Flanders, Wallonia,
Brussels).
Sampling unit
Dwelling (and for
Household
some variables the
individual member of
the household.
Survey units are the Individuals
household and for
some variables the
individual member.
France
Two-staged
probability sample
Germany
Greece
One-staged quota Two-staged
sample ("...the pro- probability sample
cedure used is actually a modified
and improved version of the conventional quota sample.").
Ireland
Two-staged
probability sample
For the major and
average agglomerations, results are
representative at
regional level.
For all private
On NUTS II Level
households resident
in the Federal Republic of Germany.
The sample is
unbiased.
Dwelling
Household (the
Dwelling
'main income earner' sometimes responds for all).
Household
17
Countries
Survey methods
Survey conduction
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Consumer expendi- Consumption exConsumption ex- Consumption exConsumer expenditure approach due penditure approach penditure approach. penditure approach. ture approach due
to the Eurostat
The information
Household diary:
Household diaries: to the Eurostat
recommendations. Diary for a period of from the Danish
recommendations.
Open-ended, 14
Household diary: For a month registering survey can be ap- days recording
Household diary
periods of 14 days all expenditures in proached to both an period, one house- (Individually for
hold diary and
every household
with three sections: detail as well as, at expenditure apleast in theory, all proach and conpocket diaries for member over 14
1. goods of own
income and savings sumption approach. the family members. years) for periods of
production and
and debt transac- Household diaries: Interviews: One
14 days, households
benefits in kind,
2.expenditures for tions.
The intensive diary interview before the can choose to write
down their list of
food, beverages incl. Interviews: At the keeping of daily
recording period.
purchased goods or
restaurants, 3. all
end of the survey- expenses and two
keep the receipts.
other expenditures period. Individual diaries the housee.g. clothing, trans- questionnaire/
hold diary and an
Interviews
port.
household question- individual voluntary
diary for personal
Interviews: At the naire.
beginning and the
expenses.
end of the 14 day
One interview
period.
Survey conducted Survey conducted Survey conducted Survey conducted
during 12 months during 12 months during the calendar during the calendar
year.
spread over 2 calen- spread over 2 calen- year.
dar years.
dar years.
Germany
Consumption expenditure approach.
Diaries: Household
diary/ detailed log
book.
Interview: One
introductory interview.
Greece
Household diary: In
two basic forms:
Family Expenditure
Form (HBS 1) and
the daily personal
expenditure and
income of members
of household older
than 14 years (HBS
2). A third diary was
given to an enumerated household
member to record
personal expenditures regardless for
whose needs it was
during the 14 days
period (HBS 3).
Inteviews: Three
interviews were
conducted.
Ireland
Household diary:
Open-ended, 14 day
recording period,
one for the household and one for
each adult household member.
Interviews: one
interview and two
questionnaires (one
for the household
and one for each
adult household
member).
Survey conducted Survey conducted Survey conducted
during 12 months during the calendar during the calendar
year.
spread over 2 calen- year.
dar years.
Survey conducted
during 12 months
spread over 2 calendar years
18
Countries
Reference year
Austria
Belgium
Nov 1999 - October Used in Eurostat
2000
tabulations 1999
Denmark
Finland
A retrospective
1998
reference period of
twelve months is
used starting from
the day of the first
interview.
France
May 2000 - April
2001
Forms of dissemina- The main results are Paper and electronic Detailed results are Publications, inter- Unknown
net, CDs, archive
published in the
published in
publications.
tion
'Statistische Nach'Statistiske Efterret- and tailor-made
richten' - the
ninger' (Statistical tables. Micro-level
monthly newsletter
Information). Se- data are provided
for scientific purof Statistics Austria
lected data are
- in the statistical
transferred to the poses only.
database,
yearbook and on the
www.statistikbanken
internet.
.dk, of Statistics
Denmark. Detailed
individual computations are made for
fixed prices. Statistics Denmark does
not allow any dissemination of micro-data.
Germany
1998
Greece
November 1998October 1999
The Federal Statis- The NSSG publishes
tical Office publish- data in the volume
es the data in a
"Household Exnumber of statistical penditure Survey
volumes. On request, 1998/99" tables and
statistical results are source materials in
electronic form.
also prepared as
individual tables and
data in paper or
electronic form.
Scientific users are
provided with
micro-datafiles on
demand.
Ireland
June 1999 - July
2000
The results are
published in two
volumes:
Vol. 1: Household
Budget Survey,
Preliminary Results;
Vol. 2: Household
Budget Survey, Final
Results.
19
Countries
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Enquête Budgets
Familiaux
Budgetonderzoek
Portugal
Sweden
Rilevazione sui
consumi delle
famiglie italiane
Aim of the survey
To measure private To obtain a weight- To obtain statistical
consumption, defined ing system for the
information on the
as all goods and
consumer price index expenditure of difservices bought, or and to make studies ferent types of
consumed from own on the standard of household in the
production, by pri- living and consumer relation to the chavate households in habits of households. racteristics of the
order to satisfy their
household (e.g. size,
needs.
composition, income), its accommodation and income
statistics.
To estimate:
To update the
- the quarterly conweights used for the
sumption expendiConsumer Price
ture
Index, to estimate
- the change of
consumption exthe consumption
penditure with reexpenditure of prigard to the same
vate individuals, to quarter of the preanalyse the convious year
sumption behaviour - the annual conand living conditions sumption expenditure
of households, to
and to estimate
construct a system of quarterly and annual
poverty indicators. consumption of food
and beverages measured in physical
quantities.
To give information The main aim is to
about level and
supply the weights
distribution of differ- for the Retail Price
ent expenditure
Index (the UK conitems for different sumer price index).
types of households. Data from the survey
also contribute to the
estimates of households´ final consumption for the national
accounts.
Conducted since
1961
1967/68
1958
1978
Encuesta Continua de Hushållens utgifter
Presupuestos Familiares
United Kingdom
Name of the survey
1956/57
Inquérito aos
orçamentos
familiares
Spain
1958
Family Expenditure
Survey
1953/54
20
Countries
Italy
Luxembourg
Data is produced
Irregular, 2002
quarterly and annually
Netherlands
Yearly
Portugal
Spain
After 1989 the survey Quarterly
takes place every 5
years
Basic population
All private households Private households.
living within the
national territory.
Private households
with main residence
in the Netherlands,
regardless of their
nationality.
Private Households in All private households Private households,
mainland Portugal, living in the national excluded are houseMadeira and the
holds with members
territory.
Azores.
aged 74 years or
older.
All private households
in the national territory except for the
following territories:
Scilly Islands and the
Scottish offshore
islands.
Sampling frame
Population register
Central Population
register
Geographic Base
Register, selfemployed from the
General Business
Register
Master sample based Population Census
Population register
on 1991 Population with the inclusion of
Census
new dwellings
Census of Population
1991
Sample size
n = 20930
n = 3012
1994: n = 1851
1994: n = 9644
Sample design
Two-staged
probability sample
Sample selected
randomly but low
response rates indicate possible departures from representativity of sample
Two-staged probabili- One-staged
ty sample but "...low probability sample
response rates indicate possible departures from representativity of sample".
Frequency
Sweden
1996, 1999
United Kingdom
Annual since 1957
1994: n = 9891
1994: n = 3032
1994: n = 6258
Two-staged
probability sample
One-staged
probability sample
Two-staged
probability sample
21
Countries
Italy
At
regional
level
Sample representativity
Luxembourg
On national level
Head of the
household
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
The aim is to obtain a Self-weighting sam- Spain
nationally represent- ple, representative on
ative sample after
NUTS II level
the weighting.
Sweden
At aggregate regional level (NUTS level 1
and 2)
Address
Individuals
Dwelling
Dwelling
United Kingdom
─
Sampling unit
Dwelling
Household
Survey methods
Consumption exConsumption exConsumption exConsumption exConsumer expendi- Consumption exConsumption expenditure approach. penditure approach penditure approach. penditure approach. ture approach ac- penditure approach. penditure approach.
cording to COICOP- Household diary: Two Household diary:
Household diary:
Household diary:
Household diary:
Household diary:
closed, with division Open-ended, period Three Diaries are
Open-ended, house- HBS classification. week recording
Each Person aged 16
into food and non- of 15 days. Also a
used. One for almost holds are asked to Household diary: An period, one house- and older is asked to
food, one diary for diary for pocketall over the year, one record quantities and open-ended diary for hold diary and vo- complete a personal
luntary personal
the whole household money for household for a short but ex- the prices actually one week is comdiary of all expendifor a period of 7 days members over 16
haustive reporting paid.
pleted by the person diary for each mem- tures during a 14 day
period (since 1992 In 1989-1990 it was responsible for run- ber of the household period. From 1998/99
years.
and one for the
registration of own Interviews: Two, one one week) and one kept for 7 days, in ning the household. (food expenditures survey onward each
for the holidays.
the 1994-1995 sur- Separate individual are not recorded in child aged 7 to 15
production and food at the beginning
diaries for household detail, just as a lump has also been asked
received from the
andone at the end of Interviews: Several vey for 14 days
sum)
members over 14
employer. No diaries the recording period. questionnaires had Interviews: The
to keep a simplified
Interviews: One at diary for the 14 days.
years, to note the
for individual houseto be answered, e.g. households have
the beginning of the Interview: One interhold members.
Recruitment Ques- been visited at least expenditures not
5 times during the incl. in the household survey period.
tionnaire, General
Interviews: Two
view with the head
times.
Data Questionnaire diary period.
diary. One diary for
of the household and
and so forth.
children between 7spouse/ partner. Each
13 years (optional).
person aged 16 or
Interviews: Three
older is asked about
times during the
their income.
week.
22
Countries
Survey conduction
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Survey conducted
Survey conducted
Survey conducted
Survey conducted
Survey conducted
during the calendar during the calendar during the calendar during 12 months
during the calendar
year
year
year
spread over 2 calen- year
dar years
Reference year
1999
1998
Forms of dissemination
Data are published in Paper publication:
the following publi- 'Enquete Budget des
Ménages 1998',
cations: Annuario
published in 2000.
Statistico Italiano
(Annual Bulletin,
Italy), Compendio
Statistico Italiano, I
Consumi delle famiglie, Relazione annuale.
Sweden
Survey conducted
during 12 months
United Kingdom
Survey conducted
during 12 months
1999
January 2000 January 2001
May 1999 - April
For the Eurostat
tabulation, the data 2000
used are basically
those from the quarterly continuous
survey, for four
quarters; where the
bulk of households
has been in 1998.
April 1999-March
200
Data from the 1999
HBS were published
in the Statistical
Bulletin (No 13, 5
April 2001) and in
Budget Onderzoek
1999, Kerncijffers
(1999 Household
Budget Survey Key
Data 2001).
The methodology is
as well as analyses
and results of the
data are published.
The statistical insti- Paper publication
tute (INE) publishes a and the whole publimethodological
cation on the intermanual for the surnet.
vey as well as several
volumes of results.
Advanced quarterly
results, definitive
quarterly and annual
results are published
electronically.
A report 'Family
Spending' is published every year and
put on the UK National Statistics web
site. Additional tables
can be provided by
ONS. Anonymised
microdata are deposited with the UK´s
Data Archive.
23
Tabelle A.4:
Haushaltsbudget Surveys in den EU-Beitrittskandidaten
Countries
Latvia
Majsaimniecibu
budzetu petijums
Conducted since
Cypress
΄Ερευνα
Οικογενειακών
Προϋπολογισµών
Estimation of house- Information about Information on the
hold income, exthe economic situa- consumption strucpenditures, food
tion of households, ture for the revision
consumption.
calculation of socio- of the weights of
economic indicators, CPI.
updating the weights
for Consumer Price
Index (CPI), data for
National Accounts
(NA) and consumer
price index.
1951
1995
1966
09/1995-12/2000
1952
1949
08/1971-07/1972
Frequency
yearly/ continuous
yearly/ continuous
yearly/ continuous
yearly/ continuous
yearly/ continuous
Name of the survey
Aim of the survey
4
Bulgaria
Household Budget
Survey
4
Estonia
Household Budget
Survey
yearly/ continuous
every 5 years
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
Namu ukiu biudzetu Háztartási
Household Budget
tyrimas
költségvetési felvétel Survey
Information on the Information on the To provide CPI
Updating the weights
household income, income and expendi- weights, data source for CPI, research
expenditure, updat- ture of the popula- of NA household
studies.
ing the weights for tion.
final consumption,
CPI, data for NA,
poverty research,
calculation of poversocial indicators
ty indices.
based on HBS data.
Tabelle A.4 erarbeitet auf Basis von: Eurostat (2004): Household Budget Survey in the Candidate Countries. Methodological Analysis 2003. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
24
Countries
Bulgaria
Whole country, all
private households.
Main exclusion:
households living in
institutions and
foreigners.
N = 2.921.887
households (Zensus
2001).
Estonia
Cypress
Latvia
All household mem- All private households All households in
bers who are living and household mem- Latvia. Persons living
legally and perma- bers. Collective or
in institutional
nently in Estonia. N = institutional house- households and
575.296 households holds and foreign
homeless people are
households are ex- excluded from the
(2000).
cluded. N = around current survey.
209.000 households. N = 802.848 households (Census 2000).
Sampling frame
10% master sample
from the 1992 census.
Sample size
1999: n = 3000
households
Population register List of households
Population register – Population register. Updated census data.
(minimum 15 years). from the 1992 census more than 99% of
and a supplementary the total population
list of newly conof Latvia.
structed housing
units from the Electricity Authority of
Cyprus.
2000: n = 10171
n = 2645 households 1999: n = 3929
n = 8250 households 2000: n = 10191
households (gross),
households
households
n = 6256 households
(net)
Basic population
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
All private households All Hungarian citizens All private households
in the whole country. living in private
in the entire national
Collective or institu- households in the
territory. Collective
tional households are country. Excluded are and institutional
excluded. Resident persons living in
households were
foreigner households institutions, Hunga- excluded from the
are included (very
rian households living survey.
rare cases). N =
N = 127.970 private
abroad, foreign
1.356.800 households households with
households.
permission to reside
(Census 2001).
in Hungary and foreign citizens working
in the country.
Electoral database of
Malta – people eligible to vote in Maltese
elections.
n = 6798 households
25
Countries
Bulgaria
Estonia
Cypress
Two-stage
random
Untill
1999:
Simple
Urban
areas
were
Sample design
probability selection. systematic sample
stratified into 9
design was used to strata. In each area
obtain the sample
households were
from the Population selected using simple
Register until the
systematic sampling.
year 1999. Since 2000 For the rural areas
independent samples two-stage -sampling
are taken from three was used.
strata formed of
counties on the basis
of the size of their
population.
n.s.
Very rich households No categories
Sample representativity
are underrepresented. underrepresented.
Sampling unit
Household
Household member
Latvia
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
Stratified two-stage Stratified two-stage Stratified two-stage Households were first
probability
probability
probability sampling. sorted by locality and
sampling .
sampling.
Rate of selection
street, and a systedepends on the size matic random sample
of settlements
was drawn. This method approximates to
a proportional
stratified random
sample.
Underrepresented:
households of entrepreneurs and selfemployed, very rich
households.
Household, household Household
member
Underrepresented:
very rich households,
young single persons,
homeless.
Household
Underrepresented:
n.s.
very rich households,
very old and young
households, households of selfemployed, households
in the capital, homeless.
Household
Dwelling
26
Countries
Bulgaria
Interviews: Introductory and additional
each month.
Diaries: One diary
filled in by only one
person.
Estonia
Cypress
Latvia
Interviews: Prelimi- Interviews: Question- Interviews: Preliminary interview before naire face-2-facenary, Final.
the reference period. interview.
Diaries: One diary.
Two kinds of Diaries: Diaries: To be filled in
Food and non-food. by all household
members (min. 15
years old).
Survey conduction
Each month of the
year.
Food: half a month.
Income, taxes, expenditure: once a
month.
Reference year
n.s.
One month
Survey methods
Diaries: 14 days.
Main questionnaires:
data are recorded
during the whole
year. Recording periods depend on the
consumption functions.
One year
Income : the last
month. Food : 2
weeks. Non-food,
services : once a
month.
One month
Lithuania
Hungary
Malta
Interviews: Several Interviews: Initial, at Interviews: 4 visits
times (at least two) the end of the year. per household.
during the reference- Diaries: One-month Diaries: Diaries over a
period.
diary (divided into
3-week period, diary
Diaries: (1) for food, two parts, 15-15
divided into 5 parts.
alcohol, tobacco; (2) days).
for non-food goods
and services.
a) Income and exIncome : once a
Moving, expenses in a
penditure recorded 3-week period, inmonth. Food : 2
in the diary: one
weeks. Non-food
come refers to the
expenditure : once a month; b) Rare ex- previous 12 months.
penditure, annual
month.
income: retrospective
interview at the end
of a calendar year.
One month
Calendar year
One year

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