Passive House definition and history, examples

Passive House definition and history, examples

University of Tartu
institute of technology
energy efficient building
core laboratory
kWh/m² a
l/100 km
Passive house definition and history,
examples worldwide
20
1l oil
Tõnu Mauring
[email protected]
1,5
10 kWh
~
200
15
2010, Valga
Today’s practice
160
kWh
m²a
Passive House
1991
Darmstadt
Energy
saving
14 kWh/m²a
heating
system
Very small
afterheating
Passive House settlement
Wiesbaden 1997
90% energy
conservation
for space
heating
1
W. Feist
W. Feist
That guarantees with high economic efficiency
and less energy consumtion a maximum of
thermal comfort and air hygiene
Heat demand!
90 min. req.
40 low
15 PH
Andris Piebalgs, EU Commissioner
for Energy, 21.10.2009:
“52 milj buildings go in deep
refurbishment in next 40 yrs,
all they should have zero
carbon emission”
• EU Parliament on 4 February 2009:
to achieve the target of zero net energy
balance in new residential buildings
from 2015 onwards
2
• Passivhaus projects with the energy
indicator
< 15 kWh/m²a
• Very low energy house, < 20 kWh/m²a
in heat demand
• Refurbishment low energy house with ph
components
< 30 kWh/m²a
W. Feist
Fresh air
Used air
V ventilation
heat
recovery
I insulation
filter
out
In
III passive
House
window
II thermal
bridges
IV airtightness
airtightness
Blower-door test
EN 13829
N50 < 3
1/h
N50 < 0,6 1/h
T. Mauring
3
• heating demand: 9,89 kwh/(m²a)
• cooliing demand: 5,78 kwh/(m²a)
• lighting:
7,10 kwh/(m²a)
• warm water:
2,20 kwh/(m²a)
total:
24,97 kwh/(m²a)
costs/(m²month): 0,20 €
Preisträger Platz 2
Architekturbüro: Cukrowicz Nachbaur Architekten ZT GmbH | Bregenz | Österreich
Projekt: ID 1711 „Neubau Gemeindezentrum St. Gerold“
Kindergarden Döbeln, Dresden
Floor space 550 m2
Architektengemeinschaft Reiter + Rentzsch
Heat demand 15 kWh/(m2 a)
Gross construction costs 785 480 EUR
(1428 EUR/m2)
4
Kindergarten Döbeln, Dresden
Hans Eek Sweden
Tuggelite med solrosor HE
Hans Eek Sweden
Hans Eek Sweden
Brogården Anna Helmrot 2006
Hans Eek Sweden
Hans Eek Sweden
Lindås från allmänningen HE
5
International Environmental Prize Göteborg
for the passive house concept 2003
Hans Eek: Swedish experiences with
passive houses - Tartu June 1 2010
Passive Houses Sweden: Lindås, Göteborg 2001
Perspektiiv
Energy demand for heating Mrd kWh
Scenarios
Reference
As usual
Passive House
components
Frankfurt; Arhitektuur: Büro Faktor 10, Darmstadt
W. Feist
6
Christoph Affentranger
T. Mauring
T. Mauring
Christoph Affentranger
T. Mauring
Christoph Affentranger
T. Mauring
Christoph Affentranger
Passivhausscheibe Salzkammergut
„Zero carbon home“ Energy demand 13.7 kWh/m²a
11 Liter Bioalkohol and 1.900 kWh eco electricity
T. Mauring
Christoph Affentranger
7
T. Mauring
Christoph Affentranger
8
Refurbishment with passive house components
2. sept 2009 - opening of
kindergarden in South-Estonia, Valga
9
Kindergarden refurbishment
South-Estonia Valga
• roof
• wall
• floor
• door
• window, glas
• window, frame
Architectural competition
office building in passive house standard in
Tartu
W/m²K
W/m²K
W/m²K
W/m²K
W/m²K
W/m²K
U = 0,075
U = 0,101
U = 0,128
U = 1,200
U = 0,510
U = 0,755
University of Tartu
institute of technology
energy efficient building
core laboratory
How efficiency can change countries
Tõnu Mauring
[email protected]
Okt 13-th 2010 Valga
pos-architekten
pos-architekten
10
Pass-net analysis: number of passive houses
pos-architekten
Pass-net analysis:
Passive houses per 1 miljon inhabitants
source: pass-net.net
source: pass-net.net
Pass-net analysis:
minimum requirements in European countries
source: pass-net.net
Multi-family-house in Wien (2006)
Jährlicher Neubau in Wohneinheiten
Entwicklung der Passivhaus Wohnungen in Österreich
Architecture: Werner Hackermüller
Quellen: Wohungsbewilligungen in Österreich 2009 [Statistik Austria, IIBW], Prognose [IIBW 2010]
Passivhauswohneinheiten Auswertung [IG PH A Passivhaus Objektdatenbank]
Quelle: Ernst Heiduk
11
First CEPH cource
in Tallinn
May 10-21 2010
Barriers for implementation
1. Very limited interest in and focus during
planning on environmental effects and
life-cycle economy
Franz Freundorfer
Helmut Krapmeier
Dietmar Kraus
2. Lack of knowledge of potential. It is only
becoming known that passive houses
exist and generally reach the energy targets
3. Lack of knowledge of knowledge of how
to reach the energy targets
passivhausplaner.eu
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
CEPH cource
in Tallinn May 10-21 2010
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
CEPH cource
in Tallinn May 10-21 2010
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
CEPH cource
in Tallinn May 10-21 2010
12
Example house
House of Franz Freundorfer
wall
340 mm
roof
465 mm
floor
300 mm
window, glas
0,60
window, frame 0,76
ventil. heat rec. 75%
airtightness n50 0,53
Specific Losses, Gains,
Heating Demand [kWh/(m² month)]
Example house Location: Upper Bavaria
Sum Spec. Gains Solar + Internal
Spec. Heat Demand
Sum Spec. Losses
10
9
8
spec. heat demand:
7
15 kWh/(m2 a)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
13
Climate Outside temperature
Climate Solar radiation
Ambient temperature
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
-5
-5
-10
120,0
100,0
kWh/(m2 month)
15
temp deg C
temp deg C
20
South facade
Ambient temperature
20
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Estonia
80,0
60,0
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
40,0
20,0
1
2
Estonia
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
0,0
7
8
9
9
10
10
11
1
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
-10
1
5
6
7
8
11
12
Climate Solar radiation
Climate Solar radiation
South facade
South facade
South facade
120,0
kWh/(m2 month)
kWh/(m2 month)
100,0 80,0 60,0
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
60,0 40,0
Estonia
Estonia
40,0 20,0
20,0 0,0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
kWh/(m2 month)
80,0 60,0
kWh/(m2 month)
120,0100,0 80,0
100,0 80,0
kWh/(m2 month)
South facade
120,0100,0
120,0100,0
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
80,0 60,0 40,0
Estonia
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
60,0 40,0 20,0
0,0
40,0 20,0
Estonia
Hannover
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
4
3
Hannover
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
4
5
6
7
5
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
12
20,0 0,0
0,0
1
South facade
120,0
0,0
1
Specific Losses, Gains,
Heating Demand [kWh/(m² month)]
Example house Location: Estonia
Example house
Sum Spec. Gains Solar + Internal
Spec. Heat Demand
Sum Spec. Losses
10
9
8
spec. heat demand:
7
30 kWh/(m2 a)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Improvement
wall
340 mm
roof
465 mm
floor
300 mm
window, glas
0,60
window, frame 0,76
ventil. heat rec. 78%
airtightness n50 0,53
wall
400 mm
roof
550 mm
floor
350 mm
window, glas
0,50
window, frame 0,63
ventil. heat rec. 92%
airtightness n50 0,20
Dec
14
Example house Location: Estonia
Example house Location: Upper Bavaria
after improvement
8
spec. heat demand:
7
15
6
5
kWh/(m2
a)
kWh/(m2 a)
9
23
20
21
18
19
16
17
14
15
12
13
10
W/m2
Specific Losses, Gains,
Heating Demand [kWh/(m² month)]
Aperture?
Sum Spec. Gains Solar + Internal
Spec. Heat Demand
Sum Spec. Losses
10
Space Heat Demand
kWh/(m2*a)
Heating Load W/m2
4
3
11
2
8
0%
1
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% window on south facade
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Example house Location: Upper Bavaria
Example house Location: Estonia
18
19
16
17
14
Space Heat Demand
kWh/(m2*a)
Heating Load W/m2
40
35
38
30
36
25
34
20
32
15
30
10
5
15
12
13
10
28
11
8
26
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
23
38
30
21
36
25
19
34
20
32
15
30
10
28
5
13
26
0
11
80%
% window on south facade
60%
80%
100%
100%
24
22
Space Heat Demand
kWh/(m2*a)
Heating Load W/m2
kWh/(m2 a)
20
W/m2
kWh/(m2 a)
35
60%
40%
after improvement fragmented windows
40
40%
20%
Example house Location: Estonia
the same situation
20%
Heating Load W/m2
% window on south facade
Example house Location: Estonia
0%
Space Heat Demand
kWh/(m2*a)
0
0%
% window on south facade
18
17
16
W/m2
0%
W/m2
21
kWh/(m2 a)
20
W/m2
kWh/(m2 a)
the same situation
23
Space Heat Demand
kWh/(m2*a)
Heating Load W/m2
14
15
12
10
8
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% window on south facade
15
Example house Location: Estonia
Compiled by Active Through Passive Project team:
after improvement
large windows
23
24
22
21
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tõnu Mauring,
Jaanus Hallik,
Margus Valge,
Ago Siiner,
Tuule Mall Kull,
Helen Hirv
18
17
16
W/m2
kWh/(m2 a)
20
19
Space Heat Demand
kWh/(m2*a)
Heating Load W/m2
14
15
12
13
10
11
8
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% window on south facade
16