Productivity parameters, HSM and 3D milling ...... D169

Transcription

Milling
PROFILING
Feed per tooth,
fz (mm/tooth)
Insert
geometry
CoroMill Ball Nose Finishing
A
R216F
Insert
size
-08 .. E-L
-10 .. E-L
-12 .. E-L
-16 .. E-L
-20 .. E-L
-25 .. E-L
-30 .. E-L
-32 .. E-L
Max chip thickness,
hex (mm)
Starting
value
(min. - max.)
0.12
0.12
0.15
0.17
0.17
0.20
0.20
0.20
(0.10-0.25)
(0.10-0.25)
(0.15-0.35)
(0.15-0.35)
(0.15-0.35)
(0.15-0.40)
(0.15-0.40)
(0.15-0.40)
Starting
value
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.13
(min. - max.)
(0.05-0.18)
(0.05-0.18)
(0.07-0.22)
(0.07-0.25)
(0.07-0.25)
(0.07-0.29)
(0.07-0.29)
(0.07-0.29)
B
SLOT MILLING
Insert
geometry
C
SIDE- AND FACEMILLS
CoroMill 331
N/R331.32
R331.35
R/L331.52
D
-PL, ML, -KL,
-WL, -NL
-PM, -MM, -KM, -WM
Average chip thickness,
hm(mm)
Max chip thickness,
hex(mm)
Insert size
Recommended
(min. - max.)
Recommended
04. 05
0.05
(0.02 – 0.15)
0.10
08. 11. 14
0.06
(0.03 – 0.15
0.12
(0.08 – 0.15)
04. 05
0.07
(0.04 – 0.18)
0.13
(0.08 – 0.20)
08. 11. 14
0.09
(0.05 – 0.20)
0.17
(0.10 – 0.20)
(min. - max.)
(0.05 – 0.15)
RCHT/RCKT
-PL, ML, -KL
0.11
(0.07 – 0.17)
0.08
(0.05 – 0.12)
-WM, -PM, -MM -KM
0.24
(0.10 – 0.28)
0.17
(0.10 – 0.20)
-WH, -KH, -PH
0.35
(0.10 – 0.42)
0.25
(0.10 – 0.30)
0.06
0.08
0.08
(0.02 – 0.08)
(0.02 – 0.13)
(0.02 – 0.13)
E
T-MAX Q-Cutter
For slitting
330.20
F
G
H
D 168
330.20 -AA
-AA
-XE
2–4
5–6
0.030
0.05
0.05
(0.01 – 0.12)
(0.02 – 0.14)
(0.02 – 0.14)
Milling
Productivity parameters in HSM and 3D milling
Calculation of true cutting speed in HSM applications
True cutting speed and the consequence on rev/min and
feed speed
CoroMill 300
Dc = 6 mm
Dc = 6 mm
De = D3 – iC + √iC2 – (iC – 2 x ap)2
ve = 250 m/min
n = 36 942 rpm
vc = 250 m/min
n = 13 262 rpm
CoroMill Ball nose
De = 2 × √ap × (Dc-ap)
D3
ap
Effective cutting speed (ve)
ve =
De
π x n x De
1000
A
ap = 0.2 mm
Dc = De = 6 mm
De = 2.15 mm
m/min
To get a correct vc, vf and an optimised productivity it is important to define
the effective diameter in cut De.
Round or radius insert cutters – the entering angle as a
function of cutting depth ap
The linear dependence between cutting speed and feed rate results in ”high
feeds with high speeds”. To compensate for a smaller diameter the spindle
speed (rev/min) must be increased to keep the same cutting speed and the
increased spindle speed gives higher feed speed vf.
B
Compensated vc due to low ae /ap
Ex. Solid carbide endmill dia.10 mm, alloy steel , 300 HB
Conventional
machining
vc
C
1 400
1 200
ap = ae
1 000
ap = 1
800
600
400
HSM, shallow cut
200
ae /ap
0
0
The typical shallow cut in HSM gives low cutting forces and deflection. The heat
generated into the cutting material and component is greatly reduced. The chip
thinning effect is dramatic and gives a possibility to increase speed and feed
radically.
Max. rev/min, nmax, related to tool outstick
n max
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
In finishing with HSM it is possible to increase the cutting speed, vc, by a factor
of 3–5 compared with conventional milling. This is due to the extremly short
contact time between the cutting edge and the component. The heat generated
is very small and so is the amount of efficient work per revolution. This normally
gives a very long tool life, which in turn opens for big productivity improvements,
as the feed speed is dependant of the cutting speed vc. Very typical ae/ap
values in finishing with HSM ranges round 0.2/0.2 mm.
fz
0.50
D3 = 20
0.45
R300-1032
30 000
D3 = 15
0.40
R300-0724
D3 = 12
0.35
R300-0720
0.30
vf
fz = n ×z
n
0.25
15 000
0.20
10 000
0.15
5 000
0.10
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Tool
outstick,mm
The graph shows three examples on max spindle speed, nmax, due to
outstick and tool diameter for CoroMill 300. There are two critical factors for
the nmax at HSM:
1. Insert movement in the tip seat (nmax recommendations are always given
with a safety factor).
2. The dynamic rigidity of the tool.
The graph show the dynamic rigidity. This is also an important safety
consideration in HSM which always should be taken into account.
E
F
35 000
20 000
D
10
Feed/tooth related to ae/ap in HSM
40 000
25 000
mm
0.05
G
ae/ap
0.00
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6 1.8
2.0 mm
Graph showing an example of increased feed/tooth, fz, for CoroMill 300 round
insert cutters (three different sizes) according to formula above.
The thin chip at low depth of cut, gives a big productivity increase, especially
in semi-finishing and finishing operations with HSM technology.
D 169
H
Milling
Cutting speed recommendations
100 mm
125 mm
Milling with large engagement
ISO
CMC
No.
Material
Conditions:
Cutter, dia. 125 mm, centered
over the workpiece. Working
engagement 100 mm
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
530
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
A
P
B
C
ISO
mc
M
0.05 – 0.1 – 0.2
Cutting speed, vc m / min
Steel
01.1
01.2
01.3
01.4
01.5
Unalloyed
C = 0.10 – 0.25%
C = 0.25 – 0.55%
C = 0.55 – 0.80%
1500
1600
1700
1800
2000
125
150
170
210
300
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
430 – 390 – 350
385 – 350 – 315
365 – 330 – 300
315 – 290 – 260
235 – 210 – 195
340 – 310 – 255
305 – 280 – 230
290 – 260 – 215
250 – 230 – 185
185 – 170 – 140
02.1
02.2
Low-alloyed
(alloying elements ≤ 5%)
Non-hardened
Hardened and tempered
1700
2000
175
300
0.25
0.25
300 – 275 – 245
180 – 165 – 150
240 – 215 – 180
145 – 130 – 105
03.11
03.13
03.21
03.22
High-alloyed
(alloying elements >5%)
Annealed
Hardened tool steel
1950
2150
2900
3100
200
200
300
380
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
230 – 205 – 185
190 – 170 – 155
165 – 150 – 135
105 – 95 – 85
180 – 165 – 135
150 – 135 – 110
130 – 120 – 100
80 – 75 – 60
06.1
06.2
06.3
Castings
Unalloyed
Low-alloy (alloying elements ≤ 5 %)
High-alloy, alloying elements > 5 %)
1400
1600
1950
150
200
200
0.25
0.25
0.25
305 – 280 – 250
245 – 220 – 200
180 – 160 – 145
245 – 220 – 180
195 – 175 – 145
140 – 130 – 105
CMC
No.
Material
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
530
1025
Max chip thickness, hex mm
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
D
1025
mc
0.05 – 0.1 – 0.2
Stainless steel
05.11
05.12
05.13
Ferritic/martensitic
Non-hardened
PH-hardened
Hardened
1800
2800
2300
200
330
330
0.21
0.21
0.21
285 – 255 – 230
205 – 185 – 165
215 – 190 – 170
255 – 225 – 180
180 – 160 – 130
185 – 165 – 135
05.21
05.22
Austenitic
Non-hardened
PH-hardened
2000
2800
200
330
0.21
0.21
265 – 240 – 215
200 – 175 – 160
250 – 225 – 180
170 – 155 – 125
05.51
05.52
Austenitic-ferritic
(Duplex)
Non-weldable ≥ 0.05%C
Weldable <0.05%C
2000
2400
230
260
0.21
0.21
260 – 235 – 210
230 – 205 – 185
205 – 185 – 145
175 – 155 – 125
Non-hardened
PH-hardened
Hardened
1700
2500
2100
200
330
330
0.25
0.25
0.25
255 – 230 – 205
180 – 160 – 145
195 – 175 – 155
225 – 200 – 160
155 – 140 – 115
170 – 155 – 120
Austenitic
PH-hardened
1800
2500
200
330
0.25
0.25
255 – 225 – 205
180 – 160 – 145
235 – 210 – 170
160 – 140 – 115
Weldable <0.05%C
1800
2200
230
260
0.25
0.25
245 – 220 – 195
215 – 190 – 170
195 – 175 – 140
160 – 145 – 115
E
Stainless steel – Cast
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.21
15.22
15.51
15.52
F
ISO
K
G
CMC
No.
Austenitic
Austenitic-ferritic (Duplex)
Material
2)
N / mm2
HB
CB50
mc
6090
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
Malleable cast iron
Ferritic (short chipping)
Pearlitic (long chipping)
800
900
130
230
0.28
0.28
08.1
08.2
Grey cast iron
Low tensile strength
High tensile strength
900
1100
180
245
0.28
0.28
845 – 725 – 620
910 – 780 – 665
1320– 1085– 890
1045– 860– 705
09.1
09.2
Nodular cast iron
Ferritic
Pearlitic
900
1350
160
250
0.28
0.28
–
–
495 – 420 – 360
920 – 755 – 620
760 – 625 – 515
45–60° entering angle, positive cutting geometry and coolant should be used.
Rm = ultimate tensile strength measured in MPa.
D 170
Hardness
Brinell
07.1
07.2
H
1)
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
–
–
–
–
1190 – 975 – 805
980 – 805 – 660
Milling
4030
4040
3040
2030
2040
SM30
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.4
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.25
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.4
0.1– 0.2– 0.4
4020
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
A
490 – 405 – 330
440 – 360 – 295
415 – 340 – 280
365 – 300 – 245
270 – 220 – 180
365 – 300 – 245
325 – 270 – 220
310 – 255 – 210
270 – 220 – 180
200 – 165 – 135
310 – 255 – 170
280 – 230 – 155
260 – 215 – 145
230 – 190 – 125
170 – 140 – 95
390 – 320 – 260
350 – 285 – 235
330 – 270 – 220
290 – 235 – 195
215 – 175 – 145
325 – 265 – 220
290 – 240 – 195
275 – 225 – 185
240 – 200 – 165
175 – 145 – 120
295 – 240 – 165
265 – 215 – 145
250 – 205 – 135
220 – 180 – 120
160 – 130 – 90
265 – 230 – 170
240 – 205 – 150
225 – 195 – 145
195 – 170 – 125
145 – 125 – 90
345 – 285 – 230
205 – 170 – 140
255 – 210 – 170
155 – 125 – 105
215 – 180 – 120
130 – 105 – 70
275 – 225 – 185
165 – 135 – 110
225 – 185 – 155
135 – 110 – 90
205 – 170 – 115
125 – 100 – 70
185 – 160 – 120
110 – 95 – 70
300 – 245 – 200
215 – 180 – 145
190 – 155 – 125
120 – 95 – 80
195 – 160 – 130
160 – 130 – 110
140 – 115 – 95
85 – 70 – 60
165 – 135 –
135 – 110 –
120 – 100 –
75 – 60 –
90
75
65
41
205 – 170 – 140
170 – 140 – 115
150 – 125 – 100
95 – 75 – 65
170 – 140 – 115
140 – 115 – 95
125 – 100 – 85
75 – 65 – 50
155 – 130 –
125 – 105 –
110 – 90 –
70 – 55 –
140 – 120 –
115 – 100 –
105 – 90 –
65 – 55 –
350 – 290 – 235
280 – 230 – 190
205 – 170 – 140
260 – 215 – 175
205 – 170 – 140
150 – 125 – 100
220 – 180 – 120
175 – 145 – 95
130 – 105 – 70
280 – 230 – 190
220 – 180 – 150
160 – 135 – 110
230 – 190 – 155
185 – 150 – 125
135 – 110 – 90
210 – 170 – 115
170 – 140 – 95
120 – 100 – 70
2040
4030
4040
SM30
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.4
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.4
240 – 190 – 155
170 – 135 – 110
175 – 140 – 115
240 – 190 – 155
165 – 130 – 105
175 – 140 – 110
275 – 220 – 175
190 – 150 – 120
200 – 160 – 125
210 – 170 – 110
140 – 110 – 70
160 – 125 – 80
185 – 160 – 115
105 – 90 – 65
110 – 95 – 70
235 – 190 – 150
165 – 130 – 105
200 – 160 – 130
160 – 125 – 100
–
–
–
–
–
–
185 – 150 – 95
135 – 105 – 70
170 – 150 – 110
100 – 85 – 65
195 – 155 – 125
165 – 130 – 105
170 – 135 – 105
135 – 110 – 85
–
–
–
–
–
–
170 – 135 – 85
135 – 110 – 70
165 – 145 – 105
130 – 110 – 80
215 – 170 – 135
150 – 120 – 95
160 – 130 – 105
210 – 170 – 135
145 – 115 – 90
160 – 130 – 100
185 – 150 – 95
120 – 100 – 65
145 – 115 – 75
165 – 140 – 105
90 – 80 – 60
100 – 85 – 65
225 – 180 – 145
150 – 120 – 95
190 – 155 – 125
145 – 115 – 90
–
–
–
–
–
–
180 – 140 – 90
125 – 100 – 65
165 – 140 – 105
90 – 80 – 60
185 – 150 – 120
150 – 120 – 95
160 – 125 – 100
130 – 100 – 80
–
–
–
–
–
–
160 – 125 – 80
125 – 100 – 65
160 – 135 – 100
115 – 105 – 75
2030
85
70
60
38
B
90
75
65
41
190 – 165 – 120
150 – 130 – 95
110 – 95 – 70
C
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.25
D
E
245 – 195 – 155
165 – 130 – 105
180 – 145 – 115
F
3040
K20W
4020
4030
4040
H13A
K20D
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.4
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.4
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.4
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.4
265 – 220 – 180
220 – 180 – 150
240 – 195 – 135
200 – 165 – 110
255 – 210 – 170
210 – 170 – 140
255 – 210 – 170
210 – 170 – 140
215 – 175 – 145
175 – 145 – 120
195 – 160 – 110
160 – 130 – 90
120 – 105 – 75
100 – 85 – 65
305 – 253 – 207
253 – 207 – 173
290 – 240 – 195
235 – 190 – 155
260 – 215 – 145
210 – 170 – 115
290 – 240 – 195
220 – 180 – 150
275 – 225 – 185
220 – 180 – 150
230 – 190 – 155
185 – 155 – 125
215 – 175 – 120
170 – 140 – 95
130 – 110 – 85
105 – 90 – 65
334 – 276 – 224
270 – 219 – 178
180 – 150 – 125
170 – 140 – 115
165 – 135 – 90
150 – 125 – 85
175 – 140 – 115
160 – 130 – 110
175 – 140 – 115
160 – 130 – 110
145 – 120 – 100
135 – 110 – 90
135 – 110 – 75
125 – 100 – 70
80 – 70 – 50
75 – 65 – 48
207 – 173 – 144
196 – 161 – 132
3020
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
G
H
D 171
Milling
100 mm
125 mm
Milling with large engagement
ISO
CMC
No.
Material
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
Conditions:
Cutter, dia. 125 mm, centered
over the workpiece. Working
engagement 100 mm
CD10
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
A
N / mm
2
N
B
C
30.11
Aluminium alloys
30.12
HB
mc
D
E
Wrought or wrought and coldworked,
non-aging
Wrought or wrought and aged
400
60
1880 – 1740 – 1615
940 – 870 – 805
650
100
1695 – 1570 – 1455
845 – 785 – 725
1880 – 1745 – 1615
1695 – 1570 – 1455
940 – 870 – 810
845 – 785 – 730
30.21
30.22
Aluminium alloys
Cast, non-aging
Cast or cast and aged
600
700
75
90
30.3
Aluminium alloys
Al >99%
350
30
1890 – 1755 – 1625
945 – 875 – 810
30.41
30.42
Aluminium alloys
Cast, 13–15% Si
Cast, 16–22% Si
700
700
130
130
755 – 700 – 650
565 – 525 – 485
380 – 350 – 325
285 – 265 – 245
33.1
33.2
33.3
Copper and copper
alloys
Free cutting alloys, ≥1% Pb
Brass, leaded bronzes, ≤1% Pb
Bronze and non-leadad copper incl.
electrolytic copper
550
550
1350
110
90
100
945 – 875 – 810
940 – 875 – 810
660 – 610 – 565
470 – 435 – 405
470 – 435 – 405
325 – 305 – 285
CMC
No.
Material
1025
H13A
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
mc
Heat resistant super alloys
Iron base
Annealed or solution treated
Aged or solution treated and aged
2400
2500
200
280
0.25
0.25
65 – 60 – 55
50 – 43 – 40
60 – 55 – 50
44 – 41 – 38
20.21
20.22
20.24
Nickel base
2650
2900
3000
250
350
320
0.25
0.25
0.25
65 – 55 – 50
40 – 34 – 32
49 – 42 – 39
55 – 55 – 49
35 – 33 – 30
44 – 41 – 38
20.31
20.32
20.33
Cobalt base
Solution treated and aged
2700
3000
3100
200
300
320
0.25
0.25
0.25
28 – 22 – 20
20 – 16 – 14
18 – 14 – 13
23 – 21 – 18
17 – 15 – 13
16 – 14 – 13
Commercial pure (99.5% Ti)
α, near α and α+β alloys, annealed
α+β alloys in aged cond., β alloys, annealed
or aged
1300
1400
1400
400
950
1050
0.23
0.23
0.23
140 – 120 – 110
75 – 65 – 60
60 – 50 – 48
125 – 115 – 110
65 – 60 – 55
55 – 49 – 46
Rm2)
Titanium alloys1)
CMC
No.
Material
F
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
CB50
H
D 172
6090
0.07 – 0.12 – 0.2
G
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
20.11
20.12
23.1
23.21
23.22
H
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.2
S
H10
mc
0.07 – 0.12 – 0.2
04.1
Extra hard steel
4200
59 HRC
0.25
160 – 140 – 115
85 – 75 – 60
10.1
Chilled cast iron
2200
400
0.28
310 – 270 – 215
160 – 140 – 115
Milling
CT530
1025
H10F
H13A
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
A
Cutting speed, vc m/min
1035 – 960 – 890
985 – 915 – 845
940 – 870 – 805
750 – 695 – 645
930 – 865 – 800
890 – 825 – 765
845 – 785 – 725
675 – 630 – 580
1035 – 960 – 890
930 – 865 – 800
985 – 915 – 850
890 – 825 – 765
940 – 870 – 810
845 – 785 – 730
750 – 695 – 645
680 – 630 – 580
1040 – 965 – 895
995 – 920 – 855
945 – 875 – 810
755 – 700 – 650
415 – 385 – 355
310 – 290 – 270
395 – 370 – 340
300 – 275 – 255
380 – 350 – 325
285 – 265 – 245
300 – 280 – 260
225 – 210 – 195
520 – 480 – 445
520 – 480 – 445
365 – 335 – 310
495 – 460 – 425
495 – 460 – 425
345 – 320 – 295
470 – 435 – 405
470 – 435 – 405
330 – 305 – 285
375 – 350 – 325
375 – 350 – 325
265 – 245 – 225
2030
2040
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.25
H10F
B
C
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
55 – 50 – 47
40 – 37 – 35
65 – 55 – 50
46 – 40 – 37
65 – 55 – 46
46 – 40 – 34
50 – 48 – 45
32 – 30 – 27
40 – 37 – 34
60 – 50 – 48
37 – 32 – 30
45 – 39 – 36
60 – 50 – 44
37 – 32 – 27
45 – 39 – 34
22 – 19 – 17
15 – 14 – 12
14 – 13 – 12
26 – 21 – 18
19 – 15 – 13
17 – 14 – 12
26 – 21 – 17
19 – 15 – 12
17 – 14 – 11
115 – 105 – 100
60 – 55 – 50
49 – 45 – 42
130 – 115 – 105
70 – 60 – 55
55 – 48 – 45
130 – 115 – 95
70 – 60 – 50
55 – 48 – 42
530
D
E
4020
3020
3040
1025
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.25
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.25
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.25
0.07 – 0.12 – 0.2
F
0.07 – 0.1 – 0.2
80 – 75 – 55
55 – 47 – 36
65 – 55 – 42
44 – 33 – 29
41 – 35 – 29
155 – 140 – 110
100 – 90 – 70
120 – 105 – 80
85 – 65 – 55
75 – 70 – 55
G
H
D 173
Milling
10 mm
25 mm
Milling with small engagement
ISO
CMC
No.
Material
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
Conditions:
Sidemilling, cutter dia. 25 mm.
Working engagement 10 mm.
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
A
P
B
C
ISO
mc
M
0.05 – 0.1 – 0.2
Steel
01.1
01.2
01.3
01.4
01.5
Unalloyed
C = 0.10 – 0.25%
C = 0.25 – 0.55%
C = 0.55 – 0.80%
1500
1600
1700
1800
2000
125
150
170
210
300
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
500 – 490 – 480
450 – 440 – 430
425 – 415 – 405
370 – 360 – 355
275 – 265 – 260
365 – 360 – 345
330 – 325 – 310
310 – 305 – 290
270 – 265 – 255
200 – 200 – 190
02.1
02.2
Low-alloyed
(alloying elements ≤ 5%)
Non-hardened
1700
2000
175
330
0.25
0.25
350 – 345 – 335
210 – 205 – 200
260 – 255 – 240
155 – 150 – 145
03.11
03.13
03.21
03.22
High-alloyed
(alloying elements >5%)
Annealed
Hardened tool steel
1950
2150
2900
3100
200
200
300
380
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
265 – 260 – 255
220 – 215 – 210
195 – 190 – 185
120 – 120 – 115
195 – 190 – 185
160 – 160 – 150
140 – 140 – 135
90 – 85 – 85
06.1
06.2
06.3
Castings
Unalloyed
Low-alloy (alloying elements ≤ 5 %)
High-alloy, alloying elements > 5 %)
1400
1600
1950
150
200
200
0.25
0.25
0.25
360 – 350 – 340
285 – 280 – 275
210 – 205 – 200
265 – 260 – 245
210 – 205 – 195
155 – 150 – 145
CMC
No.
Material
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
530
1025
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
D
1025
530
mc
0.05 – 0.1 – 0.2
Stainless steel
05.11
05.12
05.13
Non-hardened
PH-hardened
Hardened
1800
2800
2300
200
330
330
0.21
0.21
0.21
340 – 335 – 325
245 – 240 – 235
255 – 250 – 240
275 – 270 – 260
195 – 190 – 180
205 – 200 – 190
05.21
05.22
Austenitic
Non-hardened
PH-hardened
2000
2800
200
330
0.21
0.21
320 – 310 – 305
235 – 230 – 225
270 – 265 – 255
190 – 185 – 175
05.51
05.52
Austenitic-ferritic
(Duplex)
Weldable <0.05%C
2000
2400
230
260
0.21
0.21
310 – 305 – 295
275 – 270 – 260
225 – 220 – 210
190 – 185 – 175
Non-hardened
PH-hardened
Hardened
1700
2500
2100
200
330
330
0.25
0.25
0.25
305 – 295 – 290
215 – 210 – 205
235 – 225 – 220
245 – 240 – 230
170 – 170 – 160
185 – 180 – 175
Austenitic
PH-hardened
1800
2500
200
330
0.25
0.25
300 – 295 – 290
215 – 210 – 205
260 – 255 – 240
170 – 170 – 160
Weldable <0.05%C
1800
2200
230
260
0.25
0.25
295 – 285 – 280
255 – 250 – 245
215 – 210 – 200
175 – 175 – 165
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
3020
3040
N / mm2
HB
E
Stainless steel – Cast
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.21
15.22
15.51
15.52
F
ISO
CMC
No.
Austenitic
Austenitic-ferritic (Duplex)
Material
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.25
K
G
2)
Malleable cast iron
Ferritic (short chipping)
Pearlitic (long chipping)
800
900
130
230
0.28
0.28
310 – 305 – 290
255 – 250 – 240
280 – 270 – 255
230 – 220 – 210
08.1
08.2
Grey cast iron
Low tensile strength
High tensile strength
900
1100
180
245
0.28
0.28
340 – 330 – 320
270 – 265 – 255
305 – 290 – 280
245 – 235 – 225
09.1
09.2
Nodular cast iron
Ferritic
Pearlitic
900
1350
160
250
0.28
0.28
210 – 210 – 200
200 – 195 – 185
190 – 185 – 175
180 – 170 – 165
45–60° entering angle, positive cutting geometry and coolant should be used.
Rm = ultimate tensile strength measured in MPa.
D 174
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
07.1
07.2
H
1)
mc
Milling
4030
4040
3040
2030
2040
P10A
0.1– 0.15– 0.3
0.1– 0.2– 0.3
0.1– 0.15– 0.3
0.05– 0.15– 0.25
0.1– 0.2– 0.3
0.05– 0.1– 0.15
4020
SM30
0.1– 0.15– 0.3
0.1– 0.2– 0.3
A
Cutting speed, vc m /min
570 – 560 – 525
515 – 505 – 470
485 – 475 – 445
425 – 415 – 390
315 – 305 – 285
425 – 415 – 390
380 – 375 – 350
360 – 350 – 330
315 – 305 – 285
230 – 225 – 215
360 – 345 – 330
325 – 310 – 295
305 – 290 – 280
265 – 255 – 245
200 – 190 – 180
455 – 445 – 415
410 – 400 – 375
385 – 375 – 355
335 – 330 – 310
250 – 245 – 230
350 – 335 – 320
315 – 300 – 290
295 – 285 – 270
260 – 250 – 240
190 – 185 – 175
340 – 330 – 315
310 – 295 – 280
290 – 275 – 265
255 – 245 – 235
185 – 180 – 170
500 – 385 – 300
450 – 335 – 250
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
300 – 290 – 280
270 – 260 – 250
255 – 245 – 240
220 – 215 – 210
165 – 160 – 155
400 – 395 – 370
240 – 235 – 220
295 – 290 – 275
180 – 175 – 165
255 – 240 – 230
150 – 145 – 140
320 – 310 – 290
190 – 185 – 175
245 – 235 – 225
145 – 140 – 135
240 – 230 – 220
145 – 140 – 135
400 – 285 – 200
330 – 245 – 180
210 – 205 – 195
125 – 120 – 120
350 – 340 – 320
255 – 245 – 230
220 – 215 – 200
135 – 135 – 125
225 – 220 – 205
185 – 185 – 170
165 – 160 – 150
100 – 100 – 95
190 – 185 – 175
160 – 150 – 145
140 – 135 – 125
85 – 85 – 80
240 – 235 – 220
200 – 195 – 185
175 – 170 – 160
110 – 105 – 100
185 – 175 – 170
150 – 145 – 140
135 – 125 – 120
85 – 80 – 75
185 – 175 – 165
150 – 140 – 135
130 – 125 – 120
80 – 80 – 75
325 – 255 –
–
–
–
–
–
–
200
–
–
–
160 – 155 – 150
130 – 130 – 125
115 – 110 – 110
70 – 70 – 65
410 – 400 – 375
325 – 320 – 300
240 – 235 – 220
305 – 295 – 280
240 – 235 – 220
175 – 175 – 160
260 – 245 – 235
205 – 195 – 190
150 – 145 – 140
325 – 315 – 295
260 – 255 – 235
190 – 185 – 175
250 – 235 – 225
200 – 190 – 185
145 – 140 – 135
240 – 230 – 220
200 – 185 – 180
145 – 135 – 130
–
–
–
215 – 205 – 200
170 – 165 – 160
125 – 120 – 115
2040
4030
4040
SM30
P10A
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.25
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.25
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.05 – 0.1 – 0.15
265 – 250 – 240
185 – 175 – 170
195 – 185 – 175
285 – 280 – 265
195 – 190 – 180
205 – 200 – 190
325 – 320 – 305
225 – 220 – 210
235 – 230 – 220
250 – 240 – 230
165 – 160 – 150
190 – 180 – 170
210 – 200 – 195
120 – 115 – 110
125 – 120 – 115
200 – 170 – 150
–
–
–
–
255 – 245 – 235
180 – 170 – 160
240 – 235 – 220
190 – 185 – 175
–
–
–
–
–
–
220 – 210 – 200
160 – 150 – 145
195 – 185 – 180
115 – 110 – 105
170 – 145 – 120
–
–
215 – 205 – 195
180 – 170 – 160
200 – 195 – 185
160 – 155 – 150
–
–
–
–
–
–
200 – 190 – 180
160 – 155 – 145
190 – 180 – 175
145 – 140 – 135
–
–
–
–
–
–
235 – 225 – 215
160 – 155 – 145
175 – 165 – 160
255 – 245 – 235
170 – 165 – 160
190 – 185 – 175
225 – 210 – 200
145 – 140 – 130
175 – 165 – 155
185 – 180 – 175
105 – 100 – 95
115 – 110 – 105
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
245 – 235 – 220
160 – 155 – 145
230 – 225 – 215
170 – 170 – 160
–
–
–
–
–
–
210 – 200 – 190
145 – 140 – 135
185 – 180 – 170
105 – 100 – 95
–
–
–
–
–
–
205 – 195 – 185
165 – 160 – 150
190 – 185 – 175
150 – 150 – 140
–
–
–
–
–
–
190 – 180 – 170
145 – 140 – 135
180 – 175 – 165
135 – 130 – 125
–
–
–
–
–
–
2030
–
–
–
–
–
–
B
C
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.25
D
E
4020
4030
290 – 285 – 270
195 – 190 – 185
215 – 210 – 200
4040
P10A
H13A
CB50
F
6090
K20W
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.25
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.25
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.05 – 0.1 – 0.15
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.3
1385 – 1330 – 1275
1145 – 1095 – 1050
295 – 285 – 270
245 – 235 – 225
1080 – 1045 – 1010
1165 – 1125 – 1085
1535 – 1470 – 1410
1220 – 1165 – 1115
340 – 325 – 315
260 – 245 – 235
–
630 – 610 – 590
1075 – 1030 – 985
890 – 850 – 815
200 – 195 – 185
185 – 180 – 170
295 – 290 – 280
245 – 240 – 230
250 – 245 – 235
205 – 200 – 190
225 – 215 – 210
185 – 180 – 170
450 – 345 – 260
450 – 395 – 340
135 – 130 – 125
110 – 110 – 105
320 – 315 – 300
260 – 250 – 240
270 – 265 – 255
215 – 210 – 205
250 – 235 – 225
200 – 190 – 180
–
–
400 – 320 – 255
145 – 145 – 140
120 – 115 – 110
200 – 195 – 190
185 – 185 – 175
170 – 165 – 160
160 – 155 – 150
155 – 150 – 140
145 – 140 – 130
500 – 465 – 430
350 – 290 – 240
95 – 90 – 85
85 – 85 – 80
–
–
–
–
–
–
G
H
D 175
Milling
10 mm
25 mm
Milling with small engagement
ISO
CMC
No.
Material
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
Conditions:
Sidemilling, cutter dia. 25 mm.
Working engagement 10 mm.
530
1025
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
A
N
B
C
30.11
Aluminium alloys
30.12
mc
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
Wrought or wrought and coldworked,
non-aging
Wrought or wrought and aged
400
60
1165 – 1145 – 1125
1110 – 1090 – 1075
650
100
1050 – 1030 – 1015
1000 – 985 – 970
1165 – 1145 – 1125
1050 – 1030 – 1015
1110 – 1095 – 1075
–
30.21
30.22
Aluminium alloys
Cast, non-aging
600
700
75
90
30.3
Aluminium alloys
Al >99%
350
30
1170 – 1150 – 1135
1120 – 1100 – 1080
30.41
30.42
Aluminium alloys
Cast, 13–15% Si
Cast, 16–22% Si
700
700
130
130
470 – 460 – 455
350 – 345 – 340
445 – 440 – 430
335 – 330 – 325
33.1
33.2
33.3
Copper and copper
alloys
Free cutting alloys, ≥1% Pb
Brass, leaded bronzes, ≤1% Pb
Bronze and non-leadad copper incl. electrolytic copper
550
550
1350
110
90
100
585 – 575 – 565
585 – 575 – 565
405 – 400 – 395
560 – 550 – 540
555 – 550 – 540
390 – 385 – 375
CMC
No.
Material
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
1025
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.2
D
S
E
mc
Heat resistant super alloys
20.11
20.12
Iron base
2400
2500
200
280
0.25
0.25
70 – 70 – 70
55 – 50 – 50
70 – 65 – 65
49 – 48 – 48
20.21
20.22
20.24
Nickel base
2650
2900
3000
250
350
320
0.25
0.25
0.25
70 – 65 – 65
42 – 41 – 40
50 – 50 – 50
65 – 65 – 60
40 – 39 – 38
49 – 49 – 48
20.31
20.32
20.33
Cobalt base
Solution treated and aged
2700
3000
3100
200
300
320
0.25
0.25
0.25
30 – 29 – 28
21 – 20 – 20
20 – 19 – 18
28 – 27 – 26
20 – 20 – 19
19 – 19 – 18
Commercial pure (99.5% Ti)
α, near α and α+β alloys, annealed
α+β alloys in aged cond., β alloys, annealed
or aged
1300
1400
1400
0.23
0.23
0.23
150 – 145 – 140
80 – 75 – 75
65 – 60 – 60
140 – 140 – 135
75 – 70 – 70
60 – 60 – 60
Rm2)
Titanium alloys1)
23.1
23.21
23.22
CMC
No.
Material
F
400
950
1050
Specific
cutting
force
kc 1
Hardness
Brinell
N / mm2
HB
530
4020
0.07 – 0.12 – 0.2
H
G
H
D 176
H13A
mc
0.07 – 0.12 – 0.25
04.1
Extra hard steel
4200
59 HRC
0.25
95 – 90 – 85
65 – 60 – 60
10.1
Chilled cast iron
2200
400
0.28
180 – 175 – 165
125 – 120 – 115
Milling
H10F
H13A
CD10
CD03
CD30
H13A
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
A
1060 – 1040 – 1025
845 – 830 – 820
2496 – 2454 – 2413
2115 – 2080 – 2045 2369 – 2330 – 2290
1060 – 1040 – 1025
955 – 935 – 920
765 – 750 – 740
2248 – 2213 – 2177
1905 – 1875 – 1845 2134 – 2100 – 2066
955 – 935 – 920
1060 – 1040 – 1025
955 – 940 – 925
845 – 835 – 820
765 – 750 – 740
2496 – 2454 – 2419 215 – 2080 – 2050 2369 – 2330 – 2296
2254 – 2213 – 2177 1910 – 1875 – 1845 2139 – 2100 – 2066
1060 – 1040 – 1025
995 – 940 – 925
1065 – 1045 – 1030
850 – 840 – 825
2513 – 2472 – 2431 2130 – 2095 – 2060 2386 – 2346 – 2307
1065 – 1045 – 1030
425 – 420 – 410
320 – 315 – 310
340 – 335 – 330
255 – 250 – 245
1003 – 985 – 974
755 – 743 – 732
952 – 935 – 924
717 – 706 – 694
425 – 420 – 410
320 – 315 – 310
530 – 520 – 515
530 – 520 – 515
370 – 365 – 360
425 – 420 – 410
425 – 415 – 410
295 – 290 – 285
1251 – 1233 – 1210 1060 – 1045 – 1025 1187 – 1170 – 1148
1251 – 1233 – 1210 1060 – 1045 – 1025 1187 – 1170 – 1148
873 – 861 – 844 740 – 730 – 715 829 – 818 – 801
530 – 520 – 515
530 – 520 – 515
370 – 365 – 360
H10F
2030
850 – 835 – 825
640 – 630 – 620
B
C
2040
0.1 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.2
0.05 – 0.15 – 0.25
60 – 60 – 60
45 – 45 – 44
65 – 65 – 65
49 – 47 – 47
65 – 65 – 60
49 – 47 – 46
60 – 60 – 55
36 – 35 – 35
45 – 44 – 43
65 – 60 – 60
39 – 38 – 37
48 – 47 – 46
65 – 60 – 60
39 – 38 – 37
48 – 47 – 45
26 – 25 – 24
18 – 18 – 17
17 – 17 – 16
28 – 27 – 26
20 – 20 – 19
19 – 18 – 17
28 – 27 – 26
20 – 20 – 19
19 – 18 – 17
130 – 125 – 125
65 – 65 – 65
55 – 55 – 55
140 – 135 – 135
75 – 70 – 70
60 – 60 – 55
140 – 135 – 130
75 – 70 – 70
60 – 60 – 55
3040
1025
3020
D
E
P10A
CB50
F
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.25
0.1 – 0.2 – 0.25
0.07 – 0.12 – 0.2
0.05 – 0.1 – 0.15
0.07 – 0.12 – 0.2
150 – 90 – 55
190 – 185 – 175
75 – 75 – 70
55 – 50 – 49
47 – 46 – 44
145 – 140 – 135
100 – 95 – 95
90 – 85 – 85
–
–
–
355 – 345 – 330
G
H
D 177
Milling
MILLING grades
P
Steel
Basic grades
A
B
C
D
GC4030 (HC) – P25 (P10 – P40)
Coated carbide grade for light to heavy
milling (both wet and dry) in unalloyed and
low alloyed steels with hardness up to HB
300 at medium to high speeds.
GC4040 (HC) – P40 (P25 – P50)
Coated carbide grade for toughness demanding operations in steel milling. Also
very suitable for small batch production of
mixed materials. Works well both with or
without coolant at low to medium speeds.
SM30 (HW) – P30 (P20 – P40)
Uncoated carbide grade for medium to
rough milling at low to moderate cutting
speed. Good edge security in hard materials and at unstable conditions.
GC2030 (HC) – P25 (P15 – P35)
PVD-coated carbide grade for milling of
low-carbon steels that tends to build up
edges. Also very suitable for 90 degree milling in mixed materials.
GC4020 (HC) – P15 (P05 – P25)
milling of steels at elevated temperatures
(e. g. in hardened steels or at very high
cutting speeds) for highest possible
productivity.
GC2040 (HC) – P40 (P30 – P50)
Coated carbide grade for milling of steels
when a combination of sharp cutting edges
and a tough grade is needed at low speeds.
Very useful for small batch production of
mixed materials.
Complementary grades
GC3040(HC) – P20 (P10 – P30)
Coated carbide grade with very good
abrasive wear reasistance for rough milling
of steel at medium to high speeds.
GC1025 (HC) – P10 (P05 – P20)
PVD-coated carbide grade for light milling
of steel. In combination with perifery ground
inserts first choice for sticky materials e g
low-carbon steels.
P10A (HC) – P10 (P05 – P15)
PVD coated grade for light milling of steel.
In combination with precision ground edges
first choice for finishing in profile milling
applications.
CT530 (HT) – P20 (P05 – P30)
Cermet grade for light milling operations
mainly without coolant. The high resistance
to plastic deformation and smearing built up
edges makes it suitable for a wide cutting
speed range. Ideal grade for wiper inserts.
P20A (HC) – P15 (P10 – P20)
PVD coated grade for milling in steel in
combination with precision ground edges.
First choice for semi-finishing and copy
milling applications or all applications where
the center of the insert is in cutting (zero
Vc). Suitable for machines with limited rpm.
E
F
Basic grades
➠
01 C8
GC
1025
10
C7
20
C6
Steel
H
GC
4030
GC
3040
GC
2030
SM
30
GC
4040
C5
GC
2040
➠
50
P10A
P20A
30
40
D 178
CT
530
GC
4020
Wear resistance
P
Toughness
G
ISO ANSI
Milling
M
Austenitic/ferritic/martensitic stainless steel
Basic grades
GC1025 (HC) – M15 (M10 – M20)
PVD-coated carbide grade for light milling
of stainless steel. In combination with periphery ground inserts 1st choice for sticky
and workhardening materials.
GC2030 (HC) – M25 (M15 – M35)
stainless steels (mainly austenitic types) at
medium to high speeds. In combination
with positive geometries also suitable for
heat resistant material and titanium.
GC2040 (HC) – M30 (M20 – M40)
Coated carbide grade for milling of stainless steels with abrasive tendencies e. g.
cast components, ferritic/ martensitic stainless steels and PH-steels at medium
speeds. Also useful for small batch production of mixed materials.
K
P10A (HC) – M10 (M05-M15)
PVD coated grade for light milling of stainless steel. In combination with precision
ground edges first choice for finishing in
profile milling applications.
P20A (HC) – M15 (M10-M20)
PVD coated grade for milling in stainless steel
in combination with precision ground edges.
First choice for semi-finishing and copy milling applications or all applications where the
center of the insert is in cutting (zero Vc).
Suitable for machines with limited rpm.
GC4040 (HC) – M40 (M20 – M40)
Coated carbide grade for medium to heavy
operations of stainless steel castings. Very
suitable for small batch production of mixed
materials.
CT530 (HT) – M20 (M10 – M30)
Cermet grade for light milling of austenitic/
duplex stainless steels. The high resistance
to plastic deformation/ smearing/ built-up
edges makes it suitable for a wide cutting
speed range in dry conditions.
SM30 (HW) – M30 (M25 – M35)
Uncoated carbide grade for medium to
rough milling at low to moderate cutting
speed. Good edge security at unstable
conditions.
GC4030 (HC) – M15 (M10 – M25)
milling in martensitic stainless steels.
GC3020 – (HC) K20 (K10 – K30)
Coated carbide grade for medium to rough
milling of grey cast iron mainly under dry
conditions. Long predictable tool life at
medium to high cutting speeds.
GC3040 (HC) K30 (K20 – K40)
Coated carbide grade for toughness demanding milling of cast iron e.g. nodular
cast iron, wet conditions or high tensile
iron. Long predictable tool life at low to medium cutting speeds.
B
C
Cast iron
Basic grades
A
D
K20D (HC) – K20 (K10 - K30)
Coated carbide with a good balance between hardness and toughness. Very good
in medium to rough milling of cast iron in
dry conditions.
GC4020 (HC) – K25 (K15 – K30)
milling of cast iron at medium speeds. To
complement GC3000 grades in operations
where a thinner coating gives advantages.
GC4030 (HC) – K30 (K25 – K35)
milling of nodular cast iron.
P10A (HC) K10 (K05-K15)
PVD coated grade for light milling of cast
iron. In combination with precision ground
edges first choice for finishing in profile
milling applications.
CB50 (BN) – K05 (K01 – K10)
CB50 is a cubic boron nitride tipped grade.
It gives a high edge toughness combined
with good wear resistance. CB50 is well
suited for machining of cast iron under favourable conditions.
P20A (HC) – K15 (K10-K20)
PVD coated grade for milling in cast iron in
combination with precision ground edges.
First choice for semi-finishing and copy
milling applications or all applications where
the center of the insert is in cutting (zero
Vc). Suitable for machines with limited rpm.
CC6090 (CN) – K10 (K05 – K15)
Silicon nitride ceramic grade for light roughing to semi-finishing of grey cast iron at
high cutting speeds.
H1P (HW) – K05 (K01 – K10)
Uncoated carbide grade for finishing of cast
iron, bronze and brass. Also suitabe for
wiper inserts.
K20W (HC) K25 (K15-K35)
Coated carbide grade for medium to rough
milling of grey cast iron under wet conditions. To be used at low to medium speeds.
H13A (HW) – K25 (K15 – K30)
Uncoated carbide grade with wear resistance and toughness for light to medium milling at moderate cutting speeds. Ideal choice
for milling of ferritic nodular cast iron.
GC4040 (HC) – K35 (K30 – K40)
Coated carbide grade for medium to heavy
operations at low speeds where the toughness demand is big.
E
F
G
H
D 179
➠
–
P10A
GC
1025
20
30
GC
2030
–
GC
4030
CT
530
–
GC
2040
GC
4040
SM
30
–
➠
40
P20A
Wear resistance
10
Basic grades
Toughness
A
Stainless steel
M
ANSI
ISO
Milling
➠
K
Basic grades
01 C4
CB
50
10 C3
Wear resistance
C
ANSI
ISO
B
H1P
CC
6090
P10A
30 C1
40
GC
3020
GC
3040
GC
K20W
GC
K20D
H13A
GC
4020
GC
4030
GC
4040
Toughness
D
Cast iron
P20A
20 C2
➠
E
F
G
H
D 180
Milling
N
Non ferrous metals, plastics, wood.
Basic grades
CD10 (DP) – N05 (N01 – N10)
Polycrystalline diamond tipped grade for
machining of nonferrous and nonmetallic
materials. Gives long tool life, clean cut and
good surface finish.
H10 (HW) – N10 (N05 – N15)
Uncoated finegrained carbide grade, that
gives excellent edge sharpness, for milling
of aluminium.
CT530 (HT) – N15 (N10 – N25)
Cermet grade mainly recommended at high
RPM when milling aluminium thanks to the
low tendency to build up edges and low
weight of the inserts.
GC1025 (HC) – N15 (N10 – N25)
PVD-coated carbide grade for rough milling of aluminium alloys in combination with
ground cutting edges.
H10F (HW) – N20 (N15 – N25)
Uncoated carbide grade suitable for milling of aluminium alloys in combination with
"sharp" cutting edges.
H13A (HW) – N15 (N10 – N20)
Uncoated carbide grade suitable for milling of aluminium alloys in combination with
"sharp" cutting edges.
A
B
S
Heat resistant alloys and titanium alloys.
Basic grades
GC1025 (HC) – S15 (S10 – S20)
PVD-coated carbide grade for milling
of heat resistant superalloys at medium
speeds. Good resistance to built up edges
and plastic deformation.
H10F (HW) – S30 (S25 – S35)
Uncoated carbide grade with fine grain
sizes. High notch wear resistance makes it
suitable for milling of aerospace materials
e.g. titanium.
H
GC2030 (HC) – S25 (S15 – S25)
PVD-coated carbide grade for semi-finishing to light roughing of heat resistant superalloys at low speeds.
GC2040 (HC) – S30 (S20 – S40)
Coated carbide grade for milling of cast
heat resistant alloys.
H13A (HW) – S20 (S15 – S25)
Uncoated carbide grade with good abrasive
wear resistance and toughness for milling of
heat resistant alloys under moderate cutting
speeds and feeds.
D
E
Hardened steel.
Basic grades
CB50 (BN) – H05 (H01 – H10)
CB50 is a cubic boron nitride tipped grade.
It gives a high edge toughness combined
with good wear resistance. CB50 is well
suited for machining of hardened steel under favourable conditions.
CC6090 (CN) – H10 (H05 – H15)
Silicon nitride ceramic grade suitable for
semi-finishing milling of chilled cast iron at
medium to high speed.
GC4020 (HC) – H25 (H15 – H30)
Coated carbide grade for light roughing under favourable conditions of hardened steel
up to HRC 60. Can take high temperatures.
C
P10A (HC) – H10 (H05 – H15)
PVD coated grade for light milling of hardened steel. In combination with precision
ground edges first choice for finishing in
profile milling applications.
CT530 (HT) – H25 (H10 – H25)
Cermet grade for finish milling of hardened steel components at low to medium
speeds.
GC3020 (HC) – H15 (H10 – H20)
Coated carbide grade for rough milling of
hardened steel at fair conditions and medium speeds.
GC3040 (HC) – H25 (H20 – H30)
Coated carbide grade for rough milling of
hardened steel at fair conditions and low to
medium speeds.
F
GC1025 (HC) – H15 (H10 – H20)
hardened components at low feeds and
moderate speeds.
H1P (HW) – H10 (H05 – H15)
Uncoated carbide grade for finishing chilled
cast iron at medium speeds.
G
H
D 181
–
Wear resistance
20 C2
GC
1025
H13A
30 C1
Basic grades
GC
1025
H13A
GC
2030
30
–
40
–
Toughness
H10F
➠
20
CT
530
Wear resistance
–
H10
GC
2040
H10F
Toughness
10
10 C3
➠
H
F
Basic grades
➠
ISO
Polycrystalline diamond
and polycrystalline boron
nitride are also named
superhard cutting
materials.
01 C4
Wear resistance
Boron nitride:
BN
Polycrystalline boron
nitride1).
ANSI
Non-ferrous
materials
Diamond:
DP
Polycrystalline
diamond1).
1)
Hardened
materials
CB
50
G
10 C3
CC
6090
CT
530
20 C2
GC
4020
The position and form of the grade
symbols indicate the suitable field of
application.
H
GC
3020
GC
1025
GC
3040
➠
30 C1
H1P
P10A
Toughness
E
S
ISO
Ceramics:
CA
Oxide ceramics
containing primarily
aluminium oxide
(Al2O3).
CM
Mixed ceramics
based on aluminium
oxide (Al2O3) but
containing
components other
than oxides.
CN
Nitride ceramics
silicon nitride (Si3N4).
CC
Ceramics as above,
but coated.
ANSI
D
01 C4
CD10
Heat resistant and
Titanum alloys
C
➠
B
N
Hardmetals:
HW
Uncoated hardmetal
tungsten carbide
(WC).
HT
Uncoated hardmetal,
also called cermet,
titanium carbides
(TIC)
or titanium nitrides
(TIN) or both.
HC
Hardmetals as
above, but coated.
Basic grades
➠
ISO
Letter symbols specifying
the designation of hard
cutting materials:
A
ANSI
Milling
Centre of the field
of application.
}
Recommended field
of application.
D 182
Milling
Uncoated Cemented Carbide – HW
Cermet – HT
(H1P, H10, H10F, H13A, SM30)
(CT530)
H1P - (K05, H10)
Very hard uncoated cemented carbide
containing titanium based carbides which
gives good hot hardness. Main application
area is finishing of materials such as cast
iron, bronze and brass. Also used for finishing of hardened cast iron at medium cutting
speed.
H13A – (N15, S20, K25)
H13A is a fairly fine grained grade with a
very good balance between wear resistance
and toughness making it a very versatile
grade suitable for many materials and applications. Used for milling of heat resistant
alloys at moderate cutting speed and feed,
milling of aluminum alloys and finishing to
medium machining of cast iron. Suitable for
machining of nodular cast iron.
CT530 - (P20, M20, N15, H25)
Uncoated grade based on titanium carbides
and nitrides. The high degree of titanium
based hard particles gives the grade a
good hot hardness and a very low tendency
to react with smearing material. The fine
grains gives the grade an ability to maintain
sharp edges throughout the entire tool life.
Used in dry milling of steel at a wide speed
range, finishing of austenitic and duplex
stainless steel, high speed milling of
aluminum and finishing of hardened steel at
low cutting speed. Ideal grade for Wiper
inserts.
A
B
C
D
H10 – (N10)
Uncoated cemented carbide grade. Due to
fine carbide grains this grade has an ability
to maintain sharp edges throughout the
entire tool life thus making it suitable for applications such as milling of aluminum.
SM30 – (P30, M30)
A grade with tough and secure behavior
makes it a good alternative for medium
to rough milling at low to medium cutting
speed. The high amount of cobalt gives the
grade very good edgeline security in applications with a high degree of instability.
E
F
G
H10F – (N20, S30)
Fine grained cemented carbide with an
excellent combination of both hardness
and toughness. The fine grains contribute
to keeping the cutting edge very sharp
throughout the entire tool life. Suitable for
finishing of aluminum alloys. The combination of hardness and toughness also makes
it suitable for machining titanium.
H
D 183
Milling
Coated Cemented Carbide – HC
(GC1025, GC1610, GC1620, GC1630, GC1640, GC2030, GC2040, GC3020, GC3040, GC4020,
GC4030, GC4040, K20D, K20W, P10A, P20A)
TiN
A
B
TiN
TiAIN
Ti (C,N)
GC1025 - (P10, M15, N15, S15, H15)
excellent combination of both hardness and
toughness. The fine grains contribute to
keeping the cutting edge very sharp
throughout the entire tool life. The carbide
is PVD coated with 3 microns of TiCN for
improved wear resistance. First choice
grade for smearing steel, stainless steel and
heat resistant super alloys at medium
speed where the grades resistance to built
up edge is a true benefit.
Al2O3
Ti (C,N)
GC1630
toughness. The carbide is PVD coated with
3 microns of nano multilayers of TiAlN
coating giving very good edge line security.
For roughing to semi-finishing operations
demanding edge line toughness (bad
clamping, weak components…). This grade
also works well in machining of very soft
and smearing steels. Works well under wet
conditions.
GC2040 – (P40, M30, S30)
Very tough MT-CVD coated cemented
carbide. The thin coating is made of a
MT-CVD layer of TiCN adding abrasive
wear resistance, followed by a layer of
Al2O3 improving high temperature
protection. The total thickness is about 4
microns. The grade is designed as a first
choice for abrasive stainless steels such
as cast components and ferritic martensitic material. Also suitable for production
with mixed materials.
C
TiAIN
D
E
Ti (C,N)
Al2O3
Ti (C,N)
GC1610
The grade features high hardness and very
good wear-resistance. The substrate is a
hard fine grained cemented carbide PVD
coated with 3 microns of smooth TiAlN
coating for improved wear resistance and
high temperature resistance. Targeted for
finishing and semi-finishing applications in
dry conditions.
GC1640
Fine grained cemented carbide with a
relatively high amount of cobalt binder
ensuring an excellent toughness. The
carbide is PVD coated with 3 microns of
smooth TiCN coating. For roughing
operations where toughness is important
and instability demands a tough grade.
GC3020 – (K20, H15)
A hard and very wear resistant cemented
carbide with a MT-CVD coating. The thick
coating is made of a MT-CVD layer of TiCN
giving excellent abrasive wear resistance,
followed by a layer of Al2O3 giving very
good high temperature protection. The total
thickness is about 9 microns. Optimized for
dry machining of grey cast iron at medium
to high speed.
F
TiAIN
TiN
TiAlN
G
H
GC1620
3 microns of smooth TiAlN coating for
improved wear resistance and high
temperature resistance. For semi-finishing
to finishing operations demanding wear
resistance, especially in dry machining.
Also suitable for wet machining of stainless
steel.
D 184
GC2030 – (P25, M25, S25)
Cemented carbide with a good combination of both hardness and toughness
making it very versatile. The carbide is PVD
coated with 4 microns of TiAlN coating for
improved wear resistance and high temperature. First choice grade for austenitic
stainless steel and in positive geometries
also suitable for heat resistant super alloys.
The good balance of hardness and toughness also makes it suitable for plunge milling and applications with difficult conditions
in hardened materials
Al2O3
Ti (C,N)
GC3040 – (P20 , K30, H25)
A cemented carbide with a good balance
between hardness and toughness. A MTCVD layer of TiCN giving excellent abrasive
wear resistance, followed by a layer of Al2O3
giving very good high temperature
protection. The total thickness is about 9
microns. The grade is first choice in
toughness demanding applications in cast
iron milling such as high tensile nodular
cast iron and wet machining. Also suitable
for rough milling of steel and hardened
material at medium to high speed.
Milling
TiN
Al2O3
Ti (C,N)
GC4020 – (P15 , K25, H25)
A fairly hard cemented carbide with MTCVD layer of TiCN adding abrasive wear
resistance and a layer of Al2O3 improving
high temperature protection. The total
coating thickness is about 5 microns. The
grade is suitable for medium to rough
milling at elevated temperatures created by
high speed or hard material.
Al2O3
TiAIN
A
Ti (C,N)
K20D – (K20)
The substrate has a good balance between
hardness and toughness. The thick coating
is made of a MT-CVD layer of TiCN giving
excellent abrasive wear resistance, followed
by a layer of Al2O3 giving very good high
temperature protection. The total thickness
is about 14 microns. The coating is very
smooth and is treated to give maximum
edge security. Very good in roughing of cast
iron in dry conditions.
P20A – (P15, M15, K15, H15)
3 microns of smooth TiAlN coating for
improved wear resistance and high
temperature resistance. First choice for
non-hardened materials in copy milling
applications, semi-finishing and for
machines with limited rpm.
B
C
TiN
TiN
Al2O3
Al2O3
GC4030 – (P25, M15, K30)
A cemented carbide with a good balance
between hardness and toughness. A MTCVD layer of TiCN giving excellent abrasive
wear resistance, followed by a layer of
Al2O3 giving very good high temperature
protection. The total coating thickness is
about 5 microns. The grade is first choice
for finishing to roughing of steel up to a
hardness of 300HB. Work well both in wet
and dry conditions.
D
Ti (C,N)
Ti (C,N)
K20W – (K25)
A fairly hard cemented carbide with MTCVD layer of TiCN adding abrasive wear
resistance and a layer of Al2O3 improving
high temperature protection. The total
coating thickness is about 6 microns.
Designed for medium to rough milling of
grey cast iron in wet conditions.
E
F
TiN
Al2O3
TiAIN
Ti (C,N)
GC4040 – (P40, M40, K35)
Very tough MT-CVD coated cemented
carbide. The thin coating is made of a MTCVD layer of TiCN adding abrasive wear
resistance, followed by a thin layer of Al2O3
improving high temperature protection. The
total thickness is about 6 microns. The
grade is designed for medium to rough
milling of stainless steel and steel castings.
Very suitable for small batch production
with mixed materials.
G
P10A – (P10, M10, K10, H10)
The grade features very high hardness and
very good wear-resistance. The substrate is
a hard fine grained cemented carbide PVD
coated with 3 microns of smooth TiAlN
coating for improved wear resistance and
high temperature resistance. The fine grains
make the grade very suitable for high
precision ground edges for profile milling
finishing.
H
D 185
Milling
Nitride based
ceramic – CN
Polycrystalline
diamond – DP
Cubic Boron
Nitride – BN
(CC6090)
(CD03, CD10, CD30)
(CB50)
A
B
CC6090 – (K10,H10)
Silicon nitride ceramic for light roughing of
grey cast iron at very high cutting speed.
Also suitable for roughing of nodular cast
iron with perlitic structure and hardened
cast iron at medium to high speed. For dry
machining.
CD03
Fine grained polycrystalline diamond grade.
Recommended for milling of aluminum
when sharp edges are needed.
C
CD10
Grade with a tip of medium grained
polycrystalline diamond. For machining of
non-ferrous materials and non-metallic
material. The material properties of
diamond gives very long tool life, clean cuts
and a good surface finish in these materials. First choice grade for CoroMill Century
inserts.
D
E
F
G
CD30
Coarse-grained polycrystalline diamond
grade. Recommended for extremely
abrasive materials.
H
D 186
CB50 – (H05, K05)
A grade with a very tough cubic boron
nitride tip with a combination of very high
edge line security and a good wear
resistance. CB50 is very suitable for milling
of hardened steel under stable conditions.
Also suitable for finishing and light roughing
in grey cast iron at high speed.

Productivity parameters, HSM and 3D milling ...... D169

Transcription

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