Morehouse College Community Revitalization Initiative A G

Morehouse College Community Revitalization Initiative
A GUIDE TO COMMUNITY EMPLOYMENT FOR NPU-T
BY:
DETAVIOUS L. COLEMAN, PROJECT COORDINATOR
EDITED BY:
CATHERINE WILLIAMS, PROJECT COORDINATOR
Morehouse College Community Revitalization Initiative
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
Introduction
** Opening Statement
A. Markets
1.1 What is a job market?
1.2 Current national job market and the recession
B. Local Markets
1.3 Georgia’s local job market
1.4 Most Promising Job Markets
II.
What Attracts Employers
A. Basic Qualifications
2.1 Legal and personal qualifications to work
2.2 Obtaining basic education requirements
B. Becoming the Ideal Candidate
2.3 How to obtain work related experience
2.4 Advanced job credentials: Gaining an advantage on the competition
III.
Deciding a Career Path
A. Access Your Circumstances
3.1 What skill do you have?
3.2 Which career-field would you like to pursue?
B. Access Prospect Career
3.3 Learning about you career choice
3.4 Life/career fulfillment potential
Page 1 of 32
IV.
Tools for Obtaining Prospect Career Field
A. Back to Basics
4.1 Obtaining general education requirements for a GED
4.2 Additional information about education
4.3 Steps to obtaining a college degree
B. Understanding the legal environment
4.4 Minority rights in the work place and school
4.5 Federal law chart on minority rights
V.
Landing Employment
A. Employment Basics
5.1 Modern job search techniques
5.2 What NOT to do while unemployed
5.3 Executing an effective job search
5.4 How to write an excellent resume (Example of a resume on next page)
5.5 How to write an effective cover letter (Example of cover letter on next page)
5.6 The job interview process: Acing you job interview
B. Interview Preparation/Sealing the Deal
6.1 Preparing for your interview: Ensuring you make the best impression
6.2 Interview attire: How to dress for success
6.3 Examples of interview dress for men and women
6.4 Post Interview: The follow up/ Accepting and or declining job offers
VI.
Miscellaneous Tips for Employment
7.1 Quick to-hire-employment
7.2 Not everyone needs a college degree for a good paying job
VII.
Maintaining and Developing Your Career
8.1 Surviving probationary periods
8.2 Developing your own business
VIII.
** Ending summary
Page 2 of 32
Morehouse College Community Revitalization Initiative
OPENING STATEMENT
Congratulations on taking the first step to becoming proactive in the betterment of employment
opportunities. The Morehouse College Community Revitalization Initiative (MCCRI) acknowledges
employability as a key competency within changing environments and is pleased to present this manual as
a “guide for success” to the community at-large. For those interested, this manual can serve as a useful
tool for the development of job-skills for residents struggling to find work as a result of chronic
unemployment. As we continue to establish mutually beneficial relationships within adjacent
neighborhoods, our goal is to improve the standard of living within NPU-T. In doing so, we wish to empower
families by providing them resources to improve their financial capabilities.
Being said, Atlanta is the capital and most populous city in Georgia. It preserves a history of being a
cultural and economic powerhouse that has earned it recognition as an international city. Although a great
place to work and raise a family, high-levels of poverty and economic disparities are endemic within its
inner-city neighborhoods. The Southwestern section that houses NPU-T has been one of the hardest hit.
According to the Atlanta Metro Taskforce for the Homeless, 48% of all children in poverty live in families
with annual incomes less than $15,000 a year. Additionally, a recent feasibility study analysis performed by
Angelou Economics, Inc. for Morehouse College found that in 2007, NPU-T had more than twice the
unemployment rate of the Atlanta Metro Area of 9.2% with a rate of 20.1%. The current economic recession
and financial crisis have further distressed residents of NPU-T.
Throughout these difficult times, we encourage job-seekers to not give up hope. With the proper skills,
those suffering from difficulties obtaining work can turn their situation into a positive. This manual was
developed to help do just that. In covering a wide array of professional employment practices, job-seekers
will gain an understanding of how people become employed, invest in their financial future and maximize
opportunities that can reduce the reoccurrence of generational poverty. Additionally, please be aware that
the MCCRI created this manual specifically for NPU-T. Although the manual provides current statistics and
information, the reader should take it upon themselves to explore the resources provided. We thank you for
taking interest in our Employment Manual and encourage you to contact us should you have any questions
or comments. Happy job hunting!
Morehouse College Community Revitalization Initiative
830 Westview Drive
Atlanta, GA 30314
(404)215-2705
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Introduction
1.1
What is a Job Market?
When you hear the term job market, what does that mean to you? CNNMoney published a column in which they
defined a job market as “a medium for which employers search for employees and employees search for jobs.” The
market, itself, is not a physical place as much as a concept demonstrating the competition and interplay between
different labor forces. The job market can grow or shrink depending on the labor demand and supply within the
overall economy.
As a prospective job seeker, it is important that you realize how job markets work, why they work and how to make
them work for you. Two major sections within the U.S. workforce include private and public job-markets. The private
sector, which is sometimes referred to as the business sector, is run by private individuals or groups for the sole
benefit of generating profit. The public sector, sometimes referred to as the government sector, is a part of the State
that’s responsible for managing tax revenues to help secure value in services provided to citizens.
1.2
The Current National Job Market and the Recession
Currently, the United States has been experiencing a major recession in job growth since 2008. The National Bureau
of Economic Research stated that the recession started as a result of the U.S. Housing-Market Crash in November of
2006. A substantial loss of jobs would lead to a subsequent financial crises and greater deterioration of the market
as the U.S. experienced a collapse in large financial institutions, had to bailout corporate banks and endured
downturns in the stock market.
The result of the financial crises, as described by economist Fred Moseley in the International Socialist Review, has
produced “the worst financial recession since the Great Depression of 1930s.” Between the years of 2008-11, the
economy would continue to decline in growth. Only until around 2012, would the country begin seeing life
rejuvenated into the economy. Most recently, in May 2012, labor statistics reported unemployment rates were lower
in March than a year earlier in 342 of the 372 metropolitan areas of Georgia. This slight resurgence in the economy
should spell encouraging news for prospective job seekers.
1.3
Georgia’s Local Job Market
Georgia has experienced a varied economy and is home to many Fortune 500 companies (Coca Cola, Home Depot,
Delta Airlines, UPS, Turner Network, etc). The Georgia Department of Labor describes the economy as largely
influenced by the U.S. military which houses over ten major bases in the state. Other top industries include:
agriculture, technology, higher-education, transportation, information services and healthcare.
The recent recession has not bypassed Georgia. According to the Atlanta Journal Constitution, the state’s
unemployment rate has remained above the national average at 10.4 % with double the percentage within inner-city
Atlanta. R. Dhawan, Director of the Economic Forecasting Center at GSU, has predicted modest job growth for 2012,
but that the pace will “pick up in 2013 as employers will add 40,600 jobs.” He goes on to cite figures predicting growth
in 2014 with the creation of an additional 66,700 jobs. Resources that aide in this information include:
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1.4
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Where to find unemployment rates
- http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000 ( Bureau of Labor Statistics )
- Database of past and present unemployment rates for state and national government

Where to find employment trends
- http://explorer.dol.state.ga.us/mis/Current/stepcurrent.pdf ( State Job Publication )
- State lead projection of employment trends across Georgia in banging industries

Where to find job employment outlooks
- http://www.bls.gov/ooh/ (Occupational Handbook)
- The Nation’s premier sources for career information as compiled by the U.S. Depart. of Labor

Where to find information about stocks, earnings, trading, deficits, and markets
- http://money.cnn.com/data/markets/ (CNNM); http://www.foxbusiness.com/index.html (FOX)
- These websites provide a wealth of streamed information covering many financial topics globally
Most Promising Job Markets
Have you ever asked yourself: “Where are all the jobs?” Well, U.S. News (a leading ranking and survey group)
claims to know the answer. In conjunction with the Labor Department’s employment projections, they compiled a list
titled: “The Best 25 Jobs of 2012 Rankings.” From that list, business, creative services, healthcare, science and
technology and social services ranked at the top. Historically, recession proof fields have included: engineering,
chemistry, medical services and statistics.
Five out of the top ten positions were related to the healthcare industry with Registered Nursing ranking number one
(see list below). Healthcare’s projected growth continues to boom with insiders crediting the aging population as a
recession-proof factor. The next most promising career-field was technological science. Regardless of the field, keep
in mind that people still retire, transfer or get terminated regardless of economic conditions.
TOP 5 CAREER FIELDS FOR 2012
POSITION
GROWTH
UNEMPLOYMENT
MEDIAN SALARY
SATISFACTION
SCORE
RANK
REGISTERED NURSE
711, 900
5.5%
$64,690
MEDIUM
8.2
FIRST
SOFTWARE DEVELOPER
143, 800
7.9%
$87,790
MEDIUM
7.6
SECOND
PHARMACIST
69, 000
5.5%
$111,570
MEDIUM
7.6
THIRD
MEDICAL ASSISTANT
162,900
5.5%
$28,860
MEDIUM
7.5
FOURTH
33,900
7.9%
$73,490
MEDIUM
7.5
FIFTH
WEB DEVELOPER
Page 5 of 32
What Attracts Employers?
2.1
Basic Legal and Personal Qualifications to Work
Ever wondered what employers look for? These days, competition is fierce among job-seekers. Employers may
receive hundreds of applications for a single job posting. Overwhelming numbers of applications have forced many
hiring specialist to enact elimination standards termed “basic qualifications.” Basic qualifications may vary by
organization but often involve legal, financial and personal characteristics unique to each individual. Not meeting one
of these qualifications may result in your application not being considered. At the minimal, federal law requires all
persons seeking work within the United States to meet the following requirements:

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Have a valid Social Security Number and be able to show proof (see Social Security Administration)
Be able to complete tax forms (W-9)
Be of legal working age (the legal working age in most states is 14 years of age)
Pre-employment background checks provide employers a tool for eliminating otherwise qualified applications from
consideration outside guidelines set by the government. These checks are legal in nature and may require the
company to gain permission in order to obtain information about you. According to the Small Business
Administration, the most common check involves criminal history check; in which, failing one may almost certainly
cost you an interview. As a job-seeker, it is important that you understand how legal information can be used against
your character. Take steps to monitor, clean up or protect your record. For more information, see below:

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2.2
Credit checks: To protect yourself, look up the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( FCRA)
- http://www.ftc.gov/os/statutes/031224fcra.pdf
Criminal history: To protect yourself, see the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI checks)
- http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/background-checks
Medical records: To protect yourself, see the Americans with Disabilities Act
http://www.ada.gov/
School records: To protect yourself, see the Family Educational Rights & Privacy Act
http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html
Bankruptcies: To protect yourself, see the Federal Bankrupt Act
- http://www.uscourts.gov/FederalCourts/Bankruptcy.aspx
How to Obtain Basic Education Requirements
The ability to find a job is limited for those without a high school diploma (HSD). The Department of Education cites
that “one in every four of students who starts school fails to graduate on time or at all.” After requesting proof of basic
and legal requirements, 93% of employers, according to NPR, request that applicants show proof of having a high
school diploma or GED (General Education Diploma). Considering 87% of persons over the age of 25 earn a HSD in
the U.S., this makes it incredibly difficult for someone who does not have one to obtain basic work. For those who
lack a HSD, earning a GED is an alternative and may lead to more opportunities. See how below:

How to obtain a GED (Step by step guide)
-
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http://education-portal.com/articles/How_to_get_a_GED_a_Step-by-Step_Process_to_Earn_a_GED.html
How to protect yourself from fraudulent ON-LINE GED certificate sites
-
http://www.gedcbt.org/gedts/pdfs/GED-Testing-Service-Files-Federal-Lawsuit_22March2012.pdf
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2.3
How to Obtain Work Related Experience
Alexandra Smith commented in The Guardian, that “experience, not education” is more important to employers when
deciding on potential candidates to select for job interviews. This sentiment is widely held by many experts within
employment practices as research has shown that applicants with job-related experience are more likely to be
chosen over applicants who may only have a college degree. Research from the Learning and Skills Council found
that 90% of respondents found experience more important because experience demonstrates the ability to perform
teamwork, communicate effectively, execute skills and solve problems.
Job-seekers often ask the question: “How am I supposed to obtain work experience, if no one will hire me to begin
with?” As difficult as this may seem, there are several ways to obtain work experience prior to having it. Many times,
entry-level work can lead to permanent offers, provide references or help you build future contacts. Below are
examples of how you can get your foot through the door to a promising career:
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Internships
- Short-term in nature (2 years or less); requires a sponsoring organization; may be paid or unpaid
- http://internships.about.com/od/internsites/tp/howtofind.htm (About)
Apprenticeships
- Usually paid; trade oriented; work directly under professional; full-time (37-40 hours)
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprenticeship (About)
Corps for Job Training
- Cost free; geared towards economically challenged youth; pathway to education; housing provided
- http://atlanta.jobcorps.gov/home.aspx (Atlanta Corps)
- http://www.dol.state.ga.us/wp/education_training.htm (Dept of Labor corps training)
Volunteer positions
- Flexible hours; paid or unpaid; personal satisfaction; lead to permanent job offers; references gained
- http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/index.cfm (Statistics driven database)
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volunteering (General information)
Career centers
- Usually cost free; open to public; widely accessible; free tools for testing, training, development, etc
- http://www.dol.state.ga.us/find_career_centers.htm (Find a center near you)
Temp agencies and services
- Job recruiters; they simply job searches; offer temporary/full time positions; most are free
-
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http://www.savingadvice.com/articles/2007/06/21/101563_advantages-of-using-a-temp-agency-to-find-a-job.html
http://www.net-temps.com/staffing-agencies/GA-Georgia/1/ (Temp agencies in Georgia)
Unemployment Offices
- Provide job training courses; up-to-date databases; assist in receiving unemployment benefits
- http://www.dol.state.ga.us/ (Georgia Department of Labor)
Career Coaches
- Personalized career, development professional; fee oriented but some schools offer free services
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2.4
Advanced Job Credentials: Gaining an Advantage on the Competition
Advanced job credentials involve possessing skills or experience that makes you more qualified or sets you apart
from other job-seekers competing for the same positions. Being college educated is a standard advanced credential,
according to Amanda Fairbanks at the Huffington Post. She commented in a recent article that “college degrees are
valuable to employers, because they are expensive, require many years of schooling and provide specialized
knowledge to a field-of-study.” The Bureau of Labor Statistics stated that “education pays” and cited statistics
demonstrating how college graduates earn $1 million times more in a lifetime than graduates who only obtain a high
school diploma. See chart below:
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Population Survey
Source: AOL,Careerbuilder.com Statistics
Type
Examples
Pay Increase
Opportunities
Requirements
Graduate
Degree
MBA, MPA, PhD, Ed.S, etc
24% to 44%
Teaching, research, top
professions; supervisory positions
Schooling
Test scores;
Exams
+6-8 years
Certification
CPA, AAMA, CSDP, R.Ph
15% to 32%
Professional, high-paying jobs
Schooling;
Exams;
Boards
+2-4 years
Licensure
LSW, NALA, LPC
15% to 24%
Decent pay; career growth
Testing
+2-4 years
Training
Emergency Mgt; Diversity
Training; Foreign Lang.
5% to 20%
Pay raises; promotion;
supervisory
Sponsorship;
Testing;
On-job training
Varies
Time
Acquiring advanced credentials like certifications or licensures could mean the difference in being considered for
employment. More importantly, such credentials have been proven via research to affect salaries paid by thousands
of dollars yearly. Below are general articles concerning the credentials mentioned in the chart above:

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_certification (Certifications)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licensure (Licensure)
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Deciding a Career Path
3.1
What Skills do You Have?
As you begin exploring opportunities for employment, you’ll need to know which skills they require. Now that you
have a sound idea for what employers are looking for (see above), this segment will focus on training you how to
think critically about the skills you already have. By understanding your strengths and weaknesses, this will enable
you to maximize current talents while developing goals to acquire the skills needed. When formulating ideas for
brainstorming ways to identify skill traits, try the following:
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Write down job duties performed consistently during past jobs
- Example: Cashier – Performed multiple tasks for customers successfully (skill identified: multi-tasking)
Write down positive characteristics you know about yourself.
- Example: “I am a good listener who enjoys talking to people, etc” (skill identified: people skills)
Write down positive things others have said about you
- Example: My former boss said I am very reliable (skill indentified: highly responsible)
If you can’t remember, ask someone to tell you personally, positive perceptions about yourself.
- Example: I think you’re always polite (skill identified: professionalism)
Carole Martin, Contributing Writer for Monster.com, advises job-seekers to “recognize their own blend of abilities and
communicate them to potential employers.” When communicating skills, you must understand that skills differ
according to function and can be placed into various subgroups. Consider the groups below:

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3.2
Foundational skills: math and science reasoning; oral, written and interpersonal communication; etc
Transferable Skills: repair and maintenance; word processing; troubleshooting; craftsmanship; etc
Marketable skills: management experience; office management; self-starting abilities; customer service
Which Career-Field Should You Pursue?
Once you have an idea about your employability and the qualifications required of potential career choices, deciding
on a career-field that’s right for you requires a great deal of time and research. Dawn Rosenberg Mckay, a career
planning professional and author, regards career selection as an “involved process that is based on factors including:
personal interests, skills, work values and personality.” Before making a decision, assess whether or not you are
employable within that field and then assess how the responsibilities of the job will affect other aspects of your life
that you value, such as your overall quality of life. By doing so, ask yourself:
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Will the workload take away too much time from my family or things I care about?
Will the pay that accommodates this career provide enough to meet my financial needs?
Will the work environment that accompanies this career become a strain on me in any way?
Will I gain personally rewarding satisfaction from performing within this career long-term?
Would I have to drastically change my life by relocating, selling my home or starting over?
How much time, money and resources would I have to devote to get my foot in the door?
Would I be granted job security or could I possibly end up back in the unemployment line later on?
Is there viable opportunity within the career-field for me to move up, be promoted and receive a raise?
Am I pursing this career choice for the money or because it seems fun (do I really know about the field)?
Could the skills learned in this field be transferable, should I not enjoy the work and seek a career change?
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3.3
Learning about Your Career-Choice
Now that you have chosen a career-field, this section will train on ways to seek information concerning it. Previous
sections have discussed: promising markets to consider, what employers look for; how to evaluate your current
condition; and tactics for deciding on a field that’s right for you– but this section will emphasis the importance of
understanding field requirements and ways for obtaining information concerning them.
The first step involves asking yourself: “what are the basic requirements?” As mentioned previously in this manual,
having a high school diploma or GED is almost a guarantee with work experience and a clean background following
behind. The next to consider what would be the extent to which education and work experience relate to field
requirements. The higher the salary and more advanced the field, the more education and relative experience you’ll
need. For all else, use the following techniques to research career-fields:
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Research companies electronically (via the internet) and check their career page
- Check for hiring procedures, application requirements and basic qualifications
Call a related company’s HR department and inquire about positions they have available
- Ask to be emailed, mailed or forwarded employment information; print off handbooks online
Log onto the internet and use web providers’ career link such as YahooCareers
- http://education.yahoo.net/careers.htm?svkid=EZPJ&usid=eab595e0-989a-11e1-82d4-0019b9eb0fc7
- Click on link; scroll to bottom of page; find relevant field and learn about career and entry prospects
Use government databases e.g. such as the one compiled and updated by the Department of Labor
- http://www.bls.gov/ooh/ , Occupational Handbook (excellent source)
If in school, go to your school’s career center and schedule a FREE appointment; most schools have one
- http://www.morehouse.edu/careerservices_bus/index.html (Morehouse College’s Career Center)
Go to local and or public library; sign up for a FREE card and check out career materials
- http://www.amazon.com/Career-Choices-Guide-Teens-Adults/dp/1878787020 (ask for public versions)
If receiving public benefits, go to local unemployment office and schedule appointment with career advisor
Use Internet to Google the career of choice’s professional organization- the site should tell all
- http://www.americanbar.org/aba.html ABA (Example: Law/Layer- site tells all about becoming a lawyer)
3.4 Career Fulfillment Potential
Remember, there are hundreds of career options available. They range from blue collar jobs (labor intensive) to white
collar jobs (service intensive) and involve everything from practicing law to possibly starting your own business. In
the US, anything is possible as long as you have a dream and don’t give up. With the right attitude, most career
choices you decide to pursue can be obtained. Extenuating circumstances, such as a felony on your record, can be a
barrier to many fields but employment is still obtainable. Below is information for persons seeking work with a felony:

Obtaining work with a felony record
- http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1787792/posts
- Seek legal counsel and try to get it sealed or expunged from your record first
- Take whatever job you can as a rebuilding tool into you can do better
Page 10 of 32
Tools for Career Field Scan
4.1
Obtaining General Education Diploma (GED): Get Your GED!!!!
Earlier we spoke about credentials employers seek and prerequisites for prospective career choices. Now that you
have an idea of how to locate entry requirements, this section will provide information for obtaining additional training
or education that you may be lacking. Generally, much of what revolves around any type of employment demands a
basic education. Basic education comes in the form of a High School Diploma (HSD) or General Education Diploma.
Due to its importance, we have listed points below, written by Robin Lang (freelance counselor/writer), that provides
steps for obtaining a GED:
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4.2
Call your local school district office, or community college to find out information
Ask about GED classroom training, tutoring and counseling
Decide on the most convenient locations for regular access.
Register for a GED class
- Ask if they offer both day and night classes
- Ask if they offer online classes
Take your first initial entrance test
- You can take this test at registration or during your first class
- Remember, performing well on the first test can shorten your time in the program
- Also, you will be given a series of other tests to test your progress
Try to attend every class!
- The more classes you attend, the more likely your advisor will recommend you to take the final test
- Missing classes results in extension of time within the program
Take the GED exam!!
- Once you demonstrate that you have learned enough to past the test, you will receive a test date
- If you decide not to take the computerized test, it may take several weeks before you receive a score
Additional Information about Education
Securing basic education requirements are important but can only get you so far. In today’s economy, many feel that
having only a HSD or GED is not enough. Chase Jenkins with CollegeandCareers.com, stated that “college is
becoming the new high school.” He supports his claim with facts below:
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67% of Americans go to college—up from 47% in 1950 (Forbes magazine)
55% of Americans in 2010 believed college was ESSENTIAL up from 31% in 2000 (Public Agenda Report)
Unemployment for college graduates statically 4% points below national average (Labor Statistics Report)
By 2018, 33% of the 47 million new jobs created will require a bachelor’s degree (Georgetown C&E)
Page 11 of 32
4.3
Steps to Obtaining a College Education
In this section, we will discuss how to earn a college degree and ways that you can ensure entry into a program that’s
right for you. Similar to deciding on career prospects, deciding on a program of study within secondary education
should be researched carefully, as it can impact your future for the long-term. NPR News referenced some points to
consider before pursuing a course of study:
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Have you examined your reasons for wanting to attend college?
- http://www.npr.org/2010/12/08/7506102/how-to-choose-a-college-that-s-right-for-you
Size matters!! Have you researched how college size plays a role?
- http://www.universitylanguage.com/guides/college-class-size/ (Brief article about college sizes)
Money should not be an issue. Have you thought about how to pay for college?
- http://www.finaid.org/ ( How to finance your education)
Reputation matters. Have you checked about online scams, accreditation issues, etc?
-
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http://educationportal.com/articles/How_Much_Should_a_Colleges_Reputation_Affect_Your_Decision.html
You have to be admitted first. Ever thought about the admissions process?
- http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2069625,00.html (Time Magazine Article)
Feeling rushed into going to college? It’s never too late or soon.
- http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2011/08/12/more-baby-boomers-head-back-to-college/
After deciding to take the plunge and apply for a college program, it is important that you understand how to start and
complete the process. From researching schools to completing your application, the process is multi-layered but very
obtainable. Below are some tips for obtaining the requirements needed for entry into a program:

Register, study for and take the ACT or SAT test ( Major requirement for most accredited schools)
- http://www.collegeboard.org/ (Information for standardized tests)
-
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http://www.cfisd.net/dept2/counseling/SAT%20and%20ACT%20Fee%20Waiver%20Information.pdf (fee waiver)
Consider going to a community college before attending a major university
- You don’t need ACT or SAT scores to attend
- Get valuable experience as a college student; build relationships with professors for references
Transfer to a 4 year university after completing your associates degree at a community college
- http://www.scholarships.com/resources/college-prep/choosing-the-right-school/transferring/transferringfrom-a-two-year-college-to-a-four-year-college/
Remember, there are many types of aid that help pay for school
- Pell Grant (free money), scholarships (need/academic based); federal loans (pay back), etc
- http://www.finaid.org/ ( How to finance your education)
Understand that you will need many types of documentation
- IRA sheets, W2 forms, social security card, transcripts, references, etc
The application process varies depending on the institution
- There may be fees; can be online or paper; may require interview; may have to write essays
- http://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/applying (Applying for college basics-US News)
Page 12 of 32
4.4
Legal Entitlements for Minority Rights in Education and the Work Place
Before attempting to pursue education or employment prospects, be sure to educate yourself on rights and liberties
granted to minorities within the education system and workplace. Discrimination still remains an issue for minorities,
but the problem isn’t as severe as it was in the past due to tools in place that help victims report discrimination and
punish those that practice it. Proactive orders such as Affirmative Action even go as far as mandating automatic
selection of minorities and other underrepresented classes in the U.S. for any organization that receives federal
funds. For more information concerning the legal rights for minorities, please review the chart below:
4.5
Education and Work Rights Chart
Name
Type
Affects
Link for more information
Equal
Employment
Opportunity
Commission
Civil Rights
Authority
Education/
Employment
http://www.eeoc.gov/
Affirmative
Action Order
Civil Rights Law
of 1964
Americans with
Disabilities Act
Minority
Rights/Civil
Rights Law
Minority Rights
Minority Rights/
Civil Rights
Education/
Employment
Anywhere in the
USA
Education/
Employment
http://www.affirmativeaction.org/
http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/titlevii.cfm
http://www.eeoc.com/policy/laws/americans-with-disabilities-act-of-1990/
Chart of Civil Rights Laws Affecting Blacks and Other Minorities
Things to keep in mind:
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Rights in the workplace
- You cannot be denied employment based solely upon your race or the color of your skin
- You cannot be denied employment based solely upon your age, sex, national origin
- You are guarantee a minimum pay wage and work breaks while on the job
Rights within higher education
- You cannot be denied entry into a public funded university or institution based upon your race
- School of all kinds are required by law to honestly and fairly evaluate all applications for admissions
Rights within both the workplace and school
- You don’t have to reveal any personal aspects about yourself on applications of any kind
- If you feel that you’ve been discriminated against, you have the right to file a complaint with the EEOC
- If it is decided by the EEOC that you’ve been discriminated against, you reserve the right to file suite
- You are guarantee rights to unionize, whistle blow or protest (go on strike) against an institution
- If ever you have a question concerning your rights, contact the EEOC at 1-800-669-4000
- Always remain up-to-date with local, state and federal law
NOTICE: These are guidelines to provide you examples of your rights. This document is in NO way legal advice
or counsel. It takes large amounts of evidence to prove discrimination, so please seek the advice of a licensed
attorney should you feel the need to file a law suit or want to learn additional information.
Page 13 of 32
Landing Meaningful Employment
5.1
Modern Job Search Techniques
In this section we will discuss specific ways of searching for jobs posted by real companies. According to Alison
Doyle (a job search and employment expert with About.com), the job search has evolved from techniques used five
to ten years ago. Job searching isn’t just about applying for jobs and hoping to get called for an interview anymore.
Today, successful job-seekers utilize a variety of search strategies to help them stand out from the crowd. Most
prevalent is the use of the Internet which has experienced a 90% increase from companies in regards to on-line
recruitment of applicants via the Internet. According to an article published in Business Horizons by Braddy Meade
and A.C. Kroustalis, studies showing that over 130 million jobs were posted on-line accompanied by 30 million
resumes with trends predicting $2.6 billion in revenues.
When searching for jobs, it is important to utilize reliable sources. Job prospects can be free or cost a fee depending
on the method you choose. Job prospects that are free and available for the public can be found on sites like
Monster.com and CareerBuilder.com. Fee oriented prospects come in the form career coaches and job recruiters
who perform the grunt-work for you. Other methods for performing job searches and locating jobs are listed below:
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Go directly to the company’s webpage (search for jobs or employment tab)
Google search for job fairs taking place at local universities, malls and civic centers (very effective!!)
Go to networking events and shop your resume to persons with direct contacts
Purchase a local newspaper and search for jobs in the Classifieds section
Place an ad in your local paper stating your quest for work and the services you offer
Go to a local library or public station and search for help wanted signs on bulletin boards
Go to local unemployment office, career centers and ask for job profiles
Make announcements at local church, social gatherings and other venues about job search
Pay a head hunter (job expert) to shop your resume to local hiring authorities
Craigslist is a great way to find jobs – be sure to go back to official hiring sites for verification
Perform a general Google search with the job title and field to pull leads
Never randomly send nonspecific resumes and cover letters to employers
Check out specific government, nonprofit and academic databases
Be skeptical of job postings that seem too good to be true!!
http://www.ehow.com/how_5190388_detect-job-scam-legitimate-business.html (SCAMS)
Page 14 of 32
5.2
What NOT To Do While Unemployed/ Unemployment Support Groups
Alison Doyle, a syndicated author and expert HR consultant for About.com, referenced a New York Times article
about how a “Day Stacks up Differently” when you’re unemployed. By it, she explained how a surveyed 80% more
unemployed people were sleeping at 6 am compared to those who were employed. She went on to cite that on “any
given day, unemployed workers spent nearly two hours more a day on house work, two extra hours more a day
socializing and an extra 70 minutes inside a classroom. “ Obviously, this demonstrates that unemployed people
spend most of their day being “unproductive.” If you’re serious about finding employment, then you should definitely
treat the job search as it were an actual, full-time job. Ideally, you should devote your entire day to searching for
work. This includes filling out applications, going on interviews and establishing connections that can help you.
If you become discouraged and find yourself depressed about your unemployment, understand there is help out
there for you. Support groups for chronic unemployment exist by providing opportunities for people who are
unemployed or have been laid off. These groups exchange feedback on application materials, help evaluate
interview styles and provide contacts for job prospects. In Atlanta, here are some links to support groups that
welcome persons struggling with unemployment:
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5.3
http://unemployment.supportgroups.com/
- Database of support groups
http://www.jobseekers.org/
- Faith based approach to job support
- Meets all over Metro Atlanta
http://www.crossroadscareer.org/
- Comprehensive Approach to unemployment support
Executing an Effective Job Search
The job application is the first real step to applying for a job and acts as a legal record of your submission. The
application, itself, is an information gathering tool that can be used to verify personal data about your past.
Information can include: citizenry status and legal working age, employment data, education history and skills
applicable to the job for which you’re applying. It’s important to remember that you may be asked to submit a job
application even if you have already submitted a resume or cover letter. Below are tips for completing an application:
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It’s imperative that you complete each application with no blank spaces
Write clearly and neatly; remember, the application is a reflection on your professionalism
Check for spelling and grammatical errors (carry a small dictionary with you if possible)
Never write untruthful information or be dishonest on your job application
Be informed that inaccurate information on your application can result in termination from a job later
Be sure that your application reflects information stated on your resume and cover letter
Whether you complete an application on-line or on paper, be sure to have all the information you need
List only your most recent job and information relevant to the position you are applying for
References don’t necessarily have to be professional (ask their permission before adding them)
Be sure not to place inappropriate information on the application
Don’t forget to sign the application
Page 15 of 32
5.4
How to Write an Excellent Resume
Executing a professional and compelling resume is one of the most important components of your job search other
than the face-to-face interview. A resume is a summary of your experience and skills relevant to the job you are
applying for. It highlights your most important accomplishments to show a potential employer that you are qualified
for the position you’re interested in. Its main purpose is to get you an interview and should be taken very seriously.
Below are tips for writing a resume:
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Always print your resume on good, quality resume paper
A resume should not exceed two pages and is typically one page long
Never represent or exaggerate false information on your resume
Check dates worked, titles listed and company names for accuracy with application
Remember to check for spelling and punctuation errors – be neat and clear in writing
Only list relevant information and make sure to start with recent experiences first
Be sure that your contact information is listed at the top of the resume in the header
It’s not a biography; ensure your resume is not cluttered with inappropriate or personal details
Resumes can be arranged either chronologically or functionally (choose only one)
Do not bloat or overpower your resume with fancy fonts, graphics or colors
Resumes need to contain ample amounts of white space for a professional appearance
Be sure to use as many numbers, statistics and figures as possible to support your experience
Understand that the resume is a visual tool used to market your value to employers
Do not place your picture on the resume; if they request one ensure it looks professional
With every job, make sure your resume is tailored to the requirements of that particular position
Never send out mass resumes to random companies—Always make it specific to a position
Employers spend about 30 seconds reviewing resumes, so make sure it is solid
If you can afford to do so: send your resume to a professional for maximum results
Page 16 of 32
SAMPLE RESUME
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Notice how:
- the resume is on a Word document (Never handwrite a resume)
- only action verbs are used e.g. assisted, composed, managed, researched, maintained, etc
it starts with strengths first and ends with a general interests
It’s very consistent throughout: no spelling errors; no fancy styles; no use of bright colors
- every column lists dates, times, titles and demographics (quantifiable information)
For more information reference the following links
- http://www.bc.edu/offices/careers/skills/resumes/whatisaresume.html
- http://jobsearch.about.com/od/resumes/Resumes.htm
Page 17 of 32
5.5
How to Write an Effective Cover Letter
A cover letter is a broader description of your resume summarized into one of many letter formats. For many, cover
letter writing may seem like a daunting task; writing one requires you to sell your skills, sound interesting, combine
your work experience, and be distinctive all while telling a story under one page in length. If done correctly, a cover
letter may guarantee you an interview. If done incorrectly, it could lead to your entire application packet being placed
in the waste basket. Below are some tips for writing an effective cover letter:
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Make it known you know the proper company name, addressee, contact, etc in the letter opening
Spell and grammar check your letter and have someone look over it before submitting
Make sure that the heading for your cover letter matches your resume’s heading
Do not repeat your cover letter word for word from your resume
Formatting should be simple and very similar to your resume’s formatting
Be sure that all dates, titles and descriptions match your resume’s data
Allow someone to read over your letter to check for spelling and grammar errors
Always print your cover letter on good, quality, resume paper
Never represent false information within your cover letter
Never imply sarcasm, humor or things that could be misinterpreted from intent
Unless requested, never discuss salary negotiations in your cover letter
Always research the company and person and reference them in the cover letter
Always send your cover letter to the person hiring for the position
Ensure that your cover letter does not sound generic
Try to have your cover letter stand out by making it unique
Research different block styles for cover letter writing in books and on the Internet
Never print generic letters off-line and submit them as your own
Be sure to reference Word programs for templates you can use
Google search different cover letter styles and techniques to analyze various writing styles
Write in tense appropriate styles; use active voice; use concise and simple writing
Never use a previous cover letter for another job; if so, be sure to change the information
Page 18 of 32
SAMPLE COVER LETTER
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Notice how the cover letter uses correct headings, salutations, styling, etc
Notice how the first paragraph introduces the reader to their reason for applying
Notice how the second paragraph (the body) gives a description of experience and education
Notice how the third paragraph (the closing) ends by thanking the employer and providing contact
For more information on writing a cover letter reference:
- http://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2011/03/24/how-to-write-a-cover-letter/ (Forbes Magazine)
Page 19 of 32
5.6
The interview Process: Acing Your Job Interview
The job interview is usually the last step before hiring authorities decide on whether or not to extend an offer of
employment. This step is crucial as it allows applicants a final opportunity to make a great impression by convincing
employers they are the perfect candidate for the position. Generally interviews take place face-to-face, but on
occasion, employers have been known to conduct interviews over-the-phone or via telecommunications such as
SKYPE or webcams. An explanation of interview etiquette:
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Phone Interview:
- Remember that the interview will be conducted by phone or loud speaker
- Always have information about the company, the interviewer, your resume, etc in front of you
- Turn your cell phone off
- Make sure televisions, radios and other devices that cause noise are shut off
- Be formal and use Standard American English
- Be brief when answering questions; only speak about experiences relevant to the question
- Be polite and use formalities when speaking (Dr., Mrs., Mr., Sir, please, thank you, etc)
- Have a pen and paper near to take notes
- Thank them for their time and ask when you should expect to hear back
Face-to-face Interview:
- Remember that this interview will be conducted in person by an individual or group
- Be on time or 10 minutes early
- Leave your cell phone at home; do not chew gum; cover tattoos; take out piercings
- Bring extra copies of your resume and cover letter on good paper (purchase resume paper).
- Arrive dressed professionally and in good taste (see professional interview attire later)
- Be extremely professional and courteous to everyone you come across (receptionist, staff, etc)
- Try to converse and display social skills with others while you wait
- Stand and give your interviewer a firm hand shake
- Make eye contact, sit up straight and ignore distractions
- Wait until you are asked a question before you respond
- Be careful not to bad mouth former employers; always remain positive
- Be cautious of answering questions poorly that are designed to draw a negative experience
- Thank them; tell them you want the job and are the best; ask when to expect a decision
- Send follow-up thank you letter
Telecommunication Interview:
- Remember that this Interview is conducted via an electronic device and isn’t in person
- Turn your cell phone off; do not chew gum; cover tattoos; and take out piercings
- Ensure that you will not be interrupted during the interview
- Make sure televisions, radios and other devices that cause noise are shut off
- Be sure to have reliable Internet connection
- Dress from top to bottom in professional interview attire (even if only half your body can be seen)
- Be sure that the interview room clutter, distractions or other items from your room
- Try to have a neutral background without pictures, paints or bright wall colors
- Answer questions the same as if you would during a face-to-face interview
- Thank them; ask them when to expect a decision; send follow up thank you note
Page 20 of 32
6.1
Interview Preparation: Ensuring You Make the Best Impression
Now that we have discussed different types of interview situations and appropriate behaviors for interviewing, it’s
time we focus on proper techniques for preparation leading up to the interview. When interviewing, understand that
professionalism and formalities will only get you so far. Not preparing for an interview could spell disaster for both
your image and ability to demonstrate to the interviewer your value to the company. Below are tips:

Phone Interview
Phone interviews usually aren’t as rigorous as face-to-face interviews. Employers generally use phone
interviews to narrow-down the field by asking questions that could disqualify someone that would be otherwise
qualified. Not memorizing the position for which you applied or not being able to discuss the company’s history
could easily result in your dismissal for consideration, even though you obtain skills needed. Below are tips:

Clear your schedule and ensure you have enough time for the interview for up to two hours
Call the organization and seek information about the person interviewing you (familiarize)
Go to the company’s website and read about their history, goals, products or services (familiarize)
Save the job description; compare it your experience; formulate a script (familiarize every step)
Face-to-face Interview
Face-to-face interviews generally require a more comprehensive approach to preparing for an interview than the
other two. In addition to learning company sensitive information, you are also expected to correlate relevant
details about past experiences; recite specific examples related to the job you’re applying for, demonstrate
expert and current knowledge within your field, and be able to answer difficult questions about theory, ethics and
hypothetical situations. Below are techniques for acing the in-person interview:
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Go to the job site before the scheduled interview and note the time it takes to get their
Be sure to rehearse with someone before your interview takes place
Leave an hour early to ensure you get there on time
Print off difficult interview questions from the Internet and formulate positive responses (memorize)
Research every aspect about the company, staff, product, services, earnings, etc (memorize)
Prepare a high quality resume and cover letter matching exact requirements of the position
Inform references early to ensure they are willing to provide a positive character reference
Know the status of your criminal and credit history and be able to speak to them if needed
Have printed work verification, letters of recommendation, certificates and other important documents
Telecommunications
Telecommunication interviews are rigorous but less formal than in-person interviews since there is no hand
shaking, etc involved. Being said, you should still prepare just as you would for an in-person interview. See tips:
-
Be sure to test your technological equipment the day before
Schedule an interruption free day in advance (send children, animals or other distractions away)
Study questions, company profiles, market trends, etc as you would for an in-person interview
Have electronic copies of your resume, cover letter and references available to send instantly
Page 21 of 32
6.2.
Interview Attire: How to Dress for Success
Now that you understand how to act the part, in this section we will focus on developing you how to look the part
when dressing for formal or informal job interviews. Creating a great first impression can influence the perception for
which an employer judges your professionalism. Sophie Spyrou, a writing contributor for the Associated Press,
supports this belief and states that “job applicants only get one chance to make a good first impression.” She goes on
to say that “even a ‘lukewarm impression’ could negatively affect your chances and result in your being passed on for
the opportunity.” To ensure you represent a positive image by looking the part, below are universally understood tips
for appropriate dress during both formal and informal interviews:
Note: The difference between formal and informal job interviews has to deal with the field, importance of job title and environment for
which you are seeking employment. Formal interviews require more professional dress while informal interviews require less formal
dress and may be casual in demeanor.
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Formal job interview attire for MEN consists of:
- Wearing a modern suit (solid colors: grey, black or navy)
- If you don’t own a suit then substitute blazer and dress slacks (Navy or dark grey)
- Nice long sleeve dress shirt (solid colors: white or blue depending on color scheme)
- Nice belt (solid colors: black, brown) that matches shoes in color
- Nice modern tie that coincides with color scheme of suit (avoid visible logos on front of tie)
- Nice dress shoes (hard; polished; must match belt)
- Nice dress socks (solid in color; must match dress slacks)
- Wear no jewelry except for maybe an inconspicuous wrist watch
- Do not put on any strong cologne or scents (but do not reek of strong body order either)
- Be sure to shave your face and get a fresh haircut (no afros, corn rolls, etc)
- Carry a nice portfolio or briefcase (solid color matching suite)
- Suits should be dry-cleaned
- Cover tattoos; take out piercings
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Informal job interview attire for MEN includes:
- Wear business casual attire
- Clean, solid or professionally decorated dress shirt (polo/knits/long sleeve)
- Clean slacks (solid: black, navy or grey) or khakis
- Clean brown, leather or black shoes
- Solid belt matching shoes
- No tie
- Conservative socks solid in color matching slacks
- Clothes should be ironed and tucked in
- Carry a portable portfolio containing resume, note pads, etc
Page 22 of 32

Formal job interview attire for WOMEN includes:
- Business suit (black, navy or dark grey)
- Suit skirt (skirt should be knee length or longer and not too tight)
- Coordinated blouse
- Conservative pumps (avoid heels that are too high)
- Limited jewelry (no dangling earrings or full arm bracelets)
- Neutral pantyhose (no rips, holes or shreds)
- Light make up (neutral colors only)
- Conservative belt matching pumps (matching pumps- if belt is necessary)
- No nail polish
- Hair should be neat and pulled back or up (no abnormal hair colors or styles)
- Professional hygiene
- Carry a portfolio or briefcase
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Informal job interview attire for WOMEN includes:
- Nice blouse (no cleavage)
- Khaki, corduroy or cotton pants or skirts neatly pressed (solid colors)
- Professional skirt (solid, conservative, etc)
- Light make up; fresh faced appearance (neutral colored makeup)
- Hair pulled up or back; conservatively styled
- Have business cards within your distribution
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Affordable Interview Attire (Not everyone can afford expensive dress attire)
- Don’t shop new; try thrift stores and Salvation Army’s for low cost attire
- Google nonprofits in Atlanta that donate interview attire (See MCCRI Church and Non-Profit Manuals)
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Other interview tips
- Practice interviewing with others to perfect your skills
- Read over all materials you have to memorize until the day of the interview
- Firmly shake the interviewer’s hand
- Walk as upright as possible
- Sit as upright as possible
- Take off hats, headgear, headphones or other items none essential for the job
- Leave children and pets at home
- If you absolutely cannot avoid being late, call as soon as possible and inform your interviewer
- Smile often and confidently
- Don’t relate or discuss personal experiences in regards to the position
- If you forget the person’s name you are interviewing revert to Sir, Mr. Mrs.
- Hang extra shirt, blouse and other material in car in case of emergency
- Bring gum, mints and other breath fresheners for convenience
- Listen to soothing music and or find ways to relax before your interview
- Refrain from riding in a hot vehicle prior to your interview
- Most importantly, have fun!!!
Page 23 of 32
6.3
Examples of Formal Dress Attire for Men and Women
MEN’S PROFESSIONAL ATTIRE
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Notice how:
- The entire outfit coordinates within a conservative and professional appearance
- He isn’t trying to make a fashion statement with pinstripes, flashy colors or patterns
- He’s clean cut; remember that afros, corn rolls, Mohawk or other trendy hairstyle are inappropriate
- He does not have on jewelry
- He reveals very little skin, except for his hands
- His shoes shine and creases show on his suit (attention to detail)
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For more information about dressing for interviews, view the following links:
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http://career-advice.monster.com/job-interview/interview-appearance/mens-interview-fashion-tips/article.aspx
-
http://www.ehow.com/how_1372_dress-job-interview.html
http://www.salisbury.edu/careerservices/students/Interviews/Dress.html
Page 24 of 32
WOMEN’S PROFESSIONAL ATTIRE
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Notice how:
- Her entire outfit coordinates within a solid, conservative and professional appearance
- Her hair is of conservative color and style
- The length of her skirt is below the knee
- She is wearing very little make up
- Her suit is wrinkle free and creased
- Her briefcase, shoes and purse all shine, are the same color and are of professional grade
- Notice how her blouse is of a solid color and lacks patterns
For more information about female attire for interviews, view the following links:
- http://www.job-seekers-edge.com/interviewing-attire-for-women.html
- http://www.forbes.com/2009/07/30/interview-outfit-fashion-forbes-woman-style-budget.html
- http://womenforhire.com/advice/job_interview/job_interview_101/
Page 25 of 32
6.4
Post Interview: The Follow-up; Accepting or Declining Job Offers
So, now that you have successfully completed the search, applied for a position and aced the interview —I bet you’re
wondering what comes next? Well, there are a number of possibilities that could take place. Usually, the employer
will notify the applicant of their intentions either by phone or mail within 7 to 14 days after the interview. Here, you will
find out if you have been offered employment; chosen for a second interview; or passed for a stronger applicant. If
you hadn’t heard anything within a reasonable amount of time (remember: employers are busy and it may take time
for them to complete the process), then it is your responsibility to take proactive action in securing employment
opportunities. See follow-up interview tips below:
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Always write a personalized thank you letter to the person (s) that interviewed you
- Get their business card before exiting the interview so you’ll have complete info about their position
- Hand write the letter and mail it in an envelope on good paper
Always note during the interview hints for when to expect to hear back from them
- Many employers will hint as to when to expect something back
- The more interested the employer in your candidacy, the sooner to hear back “We’ll contact you by
tomorrow with a decision.”
Be proactive; wait a minimum 14 business days and then call to check up
- Never contact them too soon or repetitively within a short time frame
- Never make persistent and or excessive calls about the position. This could irritate them and make you
seem desperate or unprofessional
If you decide that the job is not for you, politely decline the offer but be sure not to burn bridges during the
process
- Tell the employer that you have been offered a more attractive package elsewhere
- Ensure them that you’ve thought long and hard about the decision and that you regret to inform them
you’ll be unable to accept the position; but that , you’d be happy to have your profile stored in the
system for future consideration
Never stop seeking employment until you have begun work on a job
- No matter if you are almost positive you will be offered employment, never take anything for granted
Congratulations! You have been offered employment. So now what? Salary negotiation is usually the next step,
unless you are offered a position that is understood to pay a flat wage (this is more common in low-skilled jobs).
According to the Washington Post, “the road to negotiating salary is filled with ups, downs and doubts but if you’re
able to secure the salary you want, you may be a more effective worker.” This is especially true since salary
negotiating skills can decide up to 20% of additional earning potential for you. Below are tips for negotiating salaries:
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Never mention pay first. Let the employer mention it and then provide them a number slightly higher than
the median. If they disagree, try to negotiate a number that falls in the middle.
Research a common range of salaries typically paid for the work you will be performing
Assess your worth: take into consideration your education level, experience, and training
Never accept an offer that grossly underpays you just because the economy is bad
If you have been offered another position, mention that to the employer and play it to your advantage
Links for more information (Forbs article; Washington Post articles about salary negotiations
- http://www.forbes.com/2009/06/23/jobs-salary-negotiating-leadership-careers-basics.html
- http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/jobs/how-to/negotiate_salary_guidance.html
Page 26 of 32
Miscellaneous Techniques for Employment
7.1
Quick-to-Hire-Employment
We recognize that everyone may not have the credentials mentioned in this manual to seek entry-level paying jobs.
Many are in need of immediate employment; as a result, we recommend applying to jobs with less stringent entry
requirements. Quick-to-hire industries may be the solution, as these jobs tend to have a low-skill requirement which
eliminates the need for extensive training, development or specialized skills. They’re easy to locate and come in a
variety of forms within the private sector. Examples of these fields include: retail (cashier, customer service), fast food
(customer service rep, food prep), the restaurant industry (waiter, dish washer), cleaning (garbage men, janitor) and
hospitality (maid, customer service rep) to name a few.
Although probably not your idea of a dream career, understand that low-skilled jobs can provide an opportunity to
gain employment skills while providing relief from unemployment. Think of it as a temporary solution as you
simultaneously work to increase your competitiveness—by gaining credentials in areas mentioned in this manual.
Below are tips for finding quick employment from a variety of industries:
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Display a positive attitude
- A positive attitude is smiling, walking confidently, and seeming interested in the company of others
- Be polite; exhibit patience (doesn’t matter if you have to wait hours to interview; remain calm and
pleasant). Be sure to make eye contact, as well.
Get up early 5 days a week and frequent fast food joints, retail stores, plants, casual dining restaurants, etc
- Dress nice; be clean cut; and always smiling
- Have all the materials you’ll need to complete a fast and accurate application: complete work history on
paper; personal details; reference numbers, emails, titles; school addresses, city, zip codes; etc
Try to avoid only filling out applications on-line
- Go directly to that place of business and fill out the application in person
- Hand your application to the hiring manager if possible and no one else
- Do not go immediately after open, during lunch hours or close to business-close times
Create a relationship with an employee working there
- Try to obtain insider information; ask if people have recently quit
- ask when the hiring manager is usually in; ask them how they got their job working for that location
Show you are dependable, reliable and competent
- If you’re instructed to call at a certain time—call exactly at that time
- If you’re instructed that they will be in at certain time—be there waiting on them when they arrive
- If you’re asked a preference in pay or shift times—demonstrate 100% compliance, willingness and
flexibility in whatever the needs the organization
Follow up
- Try to get the name of the hiring manager
- If able to make contact with hiring manager, be sure to familiarize him/her with your previous encounter
- Always leave your contact information when leaving voice messages or speaking with message takers
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7.2
Not Everyone Needs a College Degree for a Good Paying Job
Aside from low skilled labor and pay, we’d like to note that education and advanced experience are not always
required in order to secure a well-paying job. Sites like AOL Online and CareerBuilder.com list several jobs that pay
middle class wages but do not require a college degree or experience that can’t be learned on the job. Below you will
find lists of many of these type jobs (information provided by the Department of Labor and Statistics):
Career
Type
Pay
Work Description
Health Aide
Supervisor
Health
$53, 231
Supervises home-health aides; setting their work schedules
and monitoring their performance to ensure care for patients
Air Traffic
Controller
Government
$139,314
Coordinates monitor planes coming to and leaving from an
airport, so that there are no collisions
Assembly Worker
Private Sector
$66,034
Electrical Repairer
Private Sector
$58,960
Carpenter
Private Sector
$73,055
Disassemble and fix problematic electrical equipment and
any related components
Act as the head for carpentry workers on a specific task in
order to keep the project on time and meet quality standards
Real Estate Broker
Private Sector
$79,494
Maintain self-operator real estate businesses that help home
buyers look for houses and condominiums
Loan Officer
Private Sector
$61,928
Facilitate the lending process but are also involved with
determining how clients will repay loans
Postal Mail Carrier
Government
$49,499
Deliver mail to local businesses and residence. Travel on
established routes and help sort mail at large facilities
Floral Designer
Private Sector
$45,234
Boiler Operator
Private Sector
$55,373
Produce anything from large mechanical and aviation
components to small, technology devices
Come up with unique ways to present flowers by using live or
faux flowers, greenery, embellishments and vases for
weddings, anniversaries, funerals and birthday parties
Works in malls, warehouses, hotels and large office buildings
managing ventilation, heating and cooling systems
Links to More Information
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http://www.careerbuilder.com/Article/CB-2100-Job-Info-Trends-Well-paying-jobs-you-can-get-right-out-ofhigh-school/
http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2011/02/18/fifteen-jobs-that-pay-well-no-degree-required/
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Maintaining and Developing Your Career
8.1
Surviving Probationary Periods
Landing employment is only the first step. Maintaining employment is the next step, as many employers implement
probationary periods (preliminary requirements) to long-term employment. This period, which can range anywhere
from six weeks to six months, binds new hires to performance- based agreements in which employers elect to
release or allow employment after an agreed upon time frame has passed. It’s important that you make a very good
impression during your probation period, by demonstrating professional work habits, meeting deadlines and
competently carrying out all duties within your job description. Below are workplace tips to keep in mind and never
break, according to Susan Heathfield, an HR specialist with About.com:
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Always show up to work on time (Nothing can kill probationary employment quite like tardiness )
Dress office appropriate – Not sure how? Mimic your supervisor’s dress but dress a step down
Go above and beyond when completing job duties; take work home with you if you have to
Maintain a solid and satisfactory record of performance appraisals
Never talk on cell phones; refrain from having frequent quests; never talk loudly
Do not partake in office drama, politics or negative gossip
Understand office culture and adapt to their way of what’s acceptable (Not all cultures are the same)
Always make your supervisor look good (No matter what, give them the credit)
Clean up after yourself and be courteous to others
Do not abuse social media, Internet, computer, phone or office space components
Leave personal drama and baggage at home
Do not take excessive breaks, leaves of absence or sick days unless it can be documented
Betterment of opportunities should not stop once you’ve landed employment. As you gain experience in the
workplace, it’s important that you develop a pathway to professional development as you continue to learn new skills
and specialize within the base of your selected career choice. Today, many organizations already offer development
curriculum within an extension of their employee relations arm. Opportunities for development are not restricted to
entry level jobs but can be applied to low skilled labor as well. See professional development techniques below:
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Request to see if your employer offers professional development opportunities
- Assisted tuition payment or reimbursement/student loan repayment
- Free training seminars, conferences or expos that teach new skills
- Certification and training on equipment, software and other technologies
- Language training in Spanish, Mandarin, German, French, etc
After a year on the job, apply for jobs offering greater responsibilities as an internal candidate
Apply for jobs within the company that provide expatriate travel, experience and living abroad
Enroll into a part-time certificate, masters or technical program at your local university
Volunteer on boards, for community groups or at functions related to your company
Become a member of a professional organization related to your field
Join networking organizations close to your city or metro area and make contacts
Take opportunities at your place of work to learn new job functions and or roles
Sing up for free language training classes at local churches and community centers
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8.2
Developing Your Own Business
Do you still find yourself unemployed after shopping your resume to countless employers and going to interview after
interview? If you can’t find someone to hire you, have you ever considered hiring yourself? Becoming an
entrepreneur is a way to accomplish this, in that; it allows opportunities for you to take control of your financial future.
Additionally, becoming an entrepreneur may seem like an attractive option for persons who do not enjoy working
under the supervision others or depending of others for financial security.
Before attempting to start your own business, it is highly recommended that you research the process and weigh the
benefits versus the risks of doing so. Beneficially, business ownerships allows for complete creative and strategic
control of your business model, greater compensation of profits, and most importantly, for you to be your own boss.
On the other hand, risks associated with business ownership include greater liability, strain on personal time and
resources and a higher possibility of failure. If you decide that being a business owner is something you wouldn’t
mind pursing, below are some tips with websites to expound upon each:
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Develop a business plan and have a business professional evaluate its potential for you
- http://www.sba.gov/category/navigation-structure/starting-managing-business/starting-business
Gather financial capital for startup, operational costs and future investment
- http://www.sba.gov/category/navigation-structure/starting-managing-business/starting-business
Perform internal and external analysis of industry make-up, ease of entry, costs, etc
- http://www.ehow.com/facts_7879244_importance-scanning-business-ict-environments.html
Conduct SWOT analysis specific to personal capabilities for running a business
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis
Understand your brand, product, customer, consumer and competitive advantage (Google search)
Choose an amazing location, if bricks and mortar (location, location, location)
Choose a business for which you have expert knowledge
Understand the demands and or requirements for starting and or running a small business
- http://smallbusiness.chron.com/legal-requirements-setting-up-business-2344.html (legal requirements)
- http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/220235 (physical, mental and emotion demands)
Have in place and adhere to strict accounting, budget and bookkeeping practices
- http://www.myownbusiness.org/s7/ (self-empowering tools)
Research business practices, trends and current information
- http://money.cnn.com/
Research grants or other opportunities that may fund your venture
- http://money.cnn.com/2007/05/03/magazines/fsb/raising.money.fsb/
Purchase books and other materials on the practice of entrepreneurship
- http://www.amazon.com/Books-About-Entrepreneurship/lm/R30H0OFD5KV759
Take courses in business entrepreneurship (some places offer free courses)
- http://www.aultec.org/ (Located in Atlanta)
Work in the industry or under someone beforehand to gain experience in the industry
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Closing Remarks
In this competitive job market, employment is not easy to come by. Currently, there are large amounts of job-seekers
competing for jobs against applicants with stronger qualifications. Throughout it all, we encourage you to remain
positive and persistent in your job search. Obtainable employment is out there, regardless of your skill or education
level. With the right determination, you could find yourself out of the unemployment line and onto someone’s payroll,
working for a company that provides both personal and professional experiences.
Best Wishes,
Morehouse College Community Revitalization Initiative
830 Westview Drive
Atlanta, GA 30314
(404)215-2705
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