CHICAGO CITATION STYLE

CHICAGO CITATION STYLE
Notes and Bibliography System for History
OKANAGAN COLLEGE LIBRARY
The Okanagan College History Department requires the use of The Chicago Manual of Style’s 16th ed. 2010 notes
and bibliography system for the documentation of references in student papers. Examples of frequently used
citation forms may be found in Mary Lynn Rampolla’s latest Pocket Guide to Writing in History (all campus
libraries’ reference collection D13 .R295 2012). For more detailed information please refer to:
•
•
•
•
•
University of Chicago’s The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. 2010 (Reference Collection all campus libraries)
Okanagan College’s online subscription to The Chicago Manual of Style Online Documentation I: Notes and
Bibliography http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org.ezproxy.okanagan.bc.ca/16/ch14/ch14_toc.html
Chicago Manual of Style Online – Chicago Manual of Style Quick Guide
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
Owl Purdue Online Writing Lab – Chicago Manual of Style http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/
Ask a librarian! http://www.okanagan.bc.ca/library/help
Anatomy of a Footnote
Footnote #
Author of article
Title of journal article
Title of journal
19
Constance B. Backhouse, “Married Women’s Property Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada,” Law and History
Review 6, no. 2 (1988): 233.
Page number
Vol. #
Issue #
Publication date
Books
Entries typically contain the author’s full name; the book’s full title; the place, publisher, and date of publication. In the notes, include
the specific page(s) on which the information or quotation appears; in the bibliography, no page numbers appear.
Single
author
Citing same
item a 2nd
time
Citing
another
source by
same
author
Two
authors
Three
authors
Bibliography
Corresponding Footnotes/Endnotes
1
Glavin, Terry. A Death Feast in Dimlahamid. Vancouver:
Terry Glavin, A Death Feast in Dimlahamid
New Star Books, 1990.
(Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990), 106.
Notes may be placed at the bottom of each page (footnotes) or at the end of the paper (endnotes).
NB. While the number of the note is superscripted in footnotes, endnotes are not superscripted as in following example.
1. Terry Glavin, A Death Feast in Dimlahamid (Vancouver: New Star Books,
1990), 106.
Not Applicable.
If you have only one source by the author, provide the
author’s name and page number as in example:
2
Glavin, 108.
Glavin, Terry. Nemiah: The Unconquered Country.
If you have used more than one source by the author,
Vancouver: New Star Books, 1992.
provide the author’s name, an abbreviated title, and the
page number:
2
Terry Glavin, Nemiah (Vancouver: New Star Books,
1992), 78.
3
Glavin, Nemiah, 48.
4
Kallet, Arthur, and Frederick. J. Schlink. 100,000,000
Arthur Kallet and Frederick J. Schlink, 100,000,000
Guinea
Guinea Pigs: Dangers in Everyday Foods, Drugs, and
Pigs: Dangers in Everyday Foods, Drugs, and
Cosmetics (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1933), 47.
Cosmetics. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1933.
5
Shammas, Carole, Marylynn Salmon, and Michel Dahlin.
Carole Shammas, Marylynn Salmon, and Michel
Inheritance in America: From Colonial Times to the
Dahlin, Inheritance in America: From Colonial Times to
Present. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University
the Present (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University
Press, 1987.
Press, 1987), 97.
Chicago Citation Style. Notes and Bibliography.
Okanagan College History and Library Departments. Fall 2012
1
More than
three
authors
E-books
6
Prentice, Alison, et al. Canadian Women: A History.
Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.
Alison Prentice et al., Canadian Women: A History
(Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988), 121-23.
If the work is paginated, include the page number in your
footnote. If the work is unpaginated, provide a chapter
number or section title.
Downloaded:
Andreas, Joel. Rise of the Red Engineers: The Cultural
Revolution and the Rise of China’s New Class.
Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2009.
PDF e-book.
Chapter
in an edited
book
Anonymous
8
Andreas, Joel. Rise of the Red Engineers: The Cultural
Revolution and the Rise of China’s New Class.
Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2009.
Kindle edition.
Joel Andreas, Rise of the Red Engineers: The
Cultural Revolution and the Rise of China’s New Class
(Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2009),
Kindle edition, Chap. 2.
Online:
Boldt, Menno. Surviving as Indians: The Challenge of SelfGovernment. Toronto: University of Toronto Press,
1993. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/okanagan/docDetail.
action?docID=10200930.
Online:
9
Menno Boldt, Surviving as Indians: The Challenge
of Self-Government (Toronto: University of Toronto
Press, 1993),
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/okanagan/docDetail.
action?docID=10200930, 23.
Sarty, Roger. “Canada and the Great Rapprochement,
1902-1914.” In The North Atlantic Triangle in a
Changing World: Anglo-American-Canadian
Relations, 1902-1956, edited by B.J.C. McKercher and
Lawrence Aronson. 12-47. Toronto: University of
Toronto Press, 1996.
The Lottery. London: J. Watts, 1732.
Edition
other than
first
Under the
direction of
an editor
Edition
other than
first, with
editor(s)
Barzun, Jacques, and Henry F. Graff. The Modern
Researcher. 3rd ed. New York: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovitch, 1977.
Stephenson, Marylee, ed. Women in Canada. Toronto: New
Press, 1973.
More than
one volume
If you used only one volume in the series:
Carr, Edward Hallett. The Bolshevik Revolution, 19171923. Vol. 3. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966.
Book in a
series
Downloaded:
7
Joel Andreas, Rise of the Red Engineers: The
Cultural Revolution and the Rise of China’s New Class
(Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2009),
PDF e-book, 61.
Gray, James. “Our World Stopped and We Got Off.” In The
Prairie West: Historical Readings, edited by R.
Douglas Francis and Howard Palmer. 2nd ed.
Edmonton: Pica Pica Press, 1992, 631-39.
If you used more than one volume in the series:
Carr, Edward Hallett. The Bolshevik Revolution, 19171923. 3 vols. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966.
Valverde, Mariana. The Age of Light, Soap, and Water:
Moral Reform in English Canada, 1885-1925. The
Canadian Social History Series, edited by Gregory S.
Kealey. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1991.
In
translation
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. August 1914. Translated by
Michael Glenny. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.
Reprint
edition
Westerby, Herbert. The History of Pianoforte Music. 1924.
Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.
Chicago Citation Style. Notes and Bibliography.
10
Roger Sarty, “Canada and the Great
Rapprochement 1902-1914,” in The North Atlantic
Triangle in a Changing World: Anglo-AmericanCanadian Relations, 1902-1956, ed. B.J.C. McKercher
and Lawrence Aronson (Toronto: University of Toronto
Press, 1996), 19.
11
The Lottery (London: J. Watts, 1732), 18.
12
Jacques Barzun and Henry F. Graff, The Modern
Researcher, 3rd ed. (New York: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovitch, 1977), 3-5.
13
Marylee Stephenson, ed., Women in Canada
(Toronto: New Press, 1973), 261.
14
James Gray, “Our World Stopped and We Got
Off,” in The Prairie West: Historical Readings, ed. R.
Douglas Francis and Howard Palmer, 2nd ed. (Edmonton:
Pica Pica Press, 1992), 632.
15
Edward Hallett Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution,
1917-1923 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966), 3: 170-73.
16
Mariana Valverde, The Age of Light, Soap, and
Water: Moral Reform in English Canada, 1885-1925,
The Canadian Social History Series, ed. Gregory S.
Kealey (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1991), 53.
17
Alexander Solzhenitsyn, August 1914, trans.
Michael Glenny (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974), 110.
18
Herbert Westerby, The History of Pianoforte Music
(1924; reprint, New York, Da Capo Press, 1971), 11.
Citations are to the 1971 edition.
Okanagan College History and Library Departments. Fall 2012
2
Articles from Journals, Magazines and Newspapers
Entries typically contain the author’s full name; the article title; the journal title; the volume number (and issue number if the pagination
begins at “1” in each issue); the date. In the notes, include the specific page(s) on which the information or quotation appears; in the
bibliography, provide the entire page range.
Bibliography
Corresponding Footnote or Endnote Reference
19
Backhouse, Constance B. “Married Women’s Property
Constance B. Backhouse, “Married Women’s
Journal
Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada.” Law and
Property Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada,” Law and
article
History Review 6, no. 2 (Fall 1988): 211-57.
History Review 6, no. 2 (Fall 1988): 233.
McClain, James L. “Castle Towns and Daimyo Authority:
Kanazawa in the Years 1583-1630.” Journal of
Japanese Studies 6, no. 2 (Summer 1980): 267-99.
Accessed March 2, 2007.
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.okanagan.bc.ca/stable/13
2323
Johnson, Trudi. “Women and Inheritance in NineteenthCentury Newfoundland.” Journal of the Canadian
Historical Association 13, no. 1 (2002): 1-22.
Accessed February 13, 2007.
http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031151ar.
20
Book
review
Lutwak, Edward N. Review of The Cold War, by John
Lewis Gaddis. Times Literary Supplement, March 24,
2006, 5.
23
Magazine
article
Newspaper
article
24
Lang, Paul. “When Venice Saved its Grace.” BBC
Paul Lang, “When Venice Saved its Grace,” BBC
History, August 2006, 32-34.
History, August 2006, 33.
25
“Bull and the Gun.” Edmonton Journal, August 18, 1990,
“Bull and the Gun,” Edmonton Journal, August 18,
G1-G2.
1990, G1.
If you have cited several articles from a newspaper, do not cite each article separately in the bibliography. Provide the
name of the newspaper and the date range consulted:
New York Times, September 1977-August 1980.
Journal
article
appearing
in an
electronic
database
Journal
article
in an
E-journal
Journal
article with
DOI
James L. McClain, “Castle Towns and Daimyo
Authority: Kanazawa in the Years 1583-1630,” Journal of
Japanese Studies 6, no. 2 (Summer 1980): 269, accessed
March 2, 2007,
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.okanagan.bc.ca/stable/13232
3
21
Trudi Johnson, “Women and Inheritance in
Nineteenth-Century Newfoundland,” Journal of the
Canadian Historical Association 13, no. 1 (2002): 5,
accessed February 13, 2007,
http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/031151ar.
Cite the paragraph number [e.g., par. 16] if no page
numbers are provided in a fulltext article.
22
Warrick, Gary. “European Infectious Disease and
Gary Warrick, “European Infectious Disease and
Depopulation of the Wendat-Tionontate (HuronDepopulation of the Wendat-Tionontate (Huron-Petun),”
Petun).” World Archaeology 35, no. 2 (2003): 258-75. World Archaeology 35, no. 2 (2003): 272.
doi:10.1080/0043824032000111416.
doi:10.1080/0043824032000111416.
A DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is a unique string of numbers and letters permanently applied to the content of a
document, similar to an ISBN number assigned to a book. DOIs are typically on the first page of a journal article or are
included in a database’s article information.
Edward N. Lutwak, review of The Cold War, by John
Lewis Gaddis, Times Literary Supplement, March 24,
2006, 5.
Reference Materials (Dictionaries and Encyclopedias)
Printed
reference
works
Bibliography
Reference works are not entered in the bibliography.
Corresponding Footnote or Endnote Reference
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, s.v.
“Laval, François de.”
26
27
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., s.v. “Blake,
William,” by J. W. Comyns-Carr.
28
Online
reference
works
An online reference work is cited precisely as its printed
counterpart, with the addition of the date of last revision,
or the access date. If the entry cites a stable URL address,
include it. Otherwise, an abbreviated version is
acceptable. The first example to the right includes the date
of last revision and a stable URL. The second includes the
date of access and an abbreviated URL.
Chicago Citation Style. Notes and Bibliography.
Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., s.v. “Charivari.”
The abbreviation “s.v.” signifies the latin sub verbo,
meaning “under the word.”
29
Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., s.v. “Charivari,”
March 2012, http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/30734.
30
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 12, s.v.
“Davie, Theodore,” accessed April 25, 2012,
http://www.biographi.ca/.
Okanagan College History and Library Departments. Fall 2012
3
Other
Unpublished
thesis or
dissertation
Government
document
(published)
Interview
Personal
communication
Sound
recording:
Musical
Sound
recording:
Speech
Sound
recording:
Online
Bibliography
Lutz, John S. “Losing Steam: Structural Change in the
Manufacturing Economy of British Columbia, 18601915.” M.A. thesis, University of Victoria, 1988.
British Columbia. Report of Royal Commission on
Matters Relating to the Sect of Doukhobors in the
Province of British Columbia, 1912. Victoria: King’s
Printer, 1913.
McVeigh, Timothy. Interviewed by Ed Bradley. 60
Minutes. Columbia Broadcasting System, March 26,
2000.
Do not list personal communication in your
bibliography.
Bragg, Billy. “Help Save the Youth of America.” Talking
with the Taxman about Poetry. Elektra B000002H40,
1990, compact disc.
Douglas, Tommy. “Disallowance of Saskatchewan
Legislation, 1945.” Tommy Douglas. Introduction
and commentary by Pierre Berton. Edited by H.S.
Lee and Laurier LaPierre. McClelland and
Stewart/RCA Recording Services. T-56966. 1971. 33
1/3 rpm.
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. “First Inaugural Address.”
March 4, 1933. Transcript and Adobe Flash audio,
18:59. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of
Virginia. http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/
detail/3280.
Corresponding Footnote or Endnote Reference
31
John S. Lutz, “Losing Steam: Structural Change in
the Manufacturing Economy of British Columbia, 18601915” (M.A. thesis, University of Victoria, 1988), 67.
32
British Columbia, Report of Royal Commission on
Matters Relating to the Sect of Doukhobors in the
Province of British Columbia, 1912 (Victoria: King’s
Printer, 1913), T22.
33
Timothy McVeigh, interviewed by Ed Bradley, 60
Minutes, Columbia Broadcasting System, March 26,
2000.
34
Peter Russell, telephone interview by author,
October 2, 2006.
35
Billy Bragg, “Help Save the Youth of America,” on
Talking with the Taxman about Poetry, Elektra
B000002H40, 1990, compact disc.
36
Tommy Douglas, “Disallowance of Saskatchewan
Legislation, 1945,” Tommy Douglas, introduction and
commentary by Pierre Berton, ed. H.S. Lee and Laurier
LaPierre, McClelland and Stewart/RCA Recording
Services, T-56966, 1971, 33 1/3 rpm.
37
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, “First Inaugural
Address,” March 4, 1933, transcript and Adobe Flash
audio, 18:59, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University
of Virginia, http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/
detail/3280.
Web Resources
Cite individual web pages (the specific page or document) rather than entire websites (the collection of documents at a specific URL
address). Entries should include the following elements, where available: the title or a description of the web page, the author’s name,
the owner or sponsor of the site, the URL, and the date of last revision or access. For blogs, cite the author, the entry title, the blog title,
and the URL. Add the word blog in parentheses following the blog title, unless the word blog appears in the title itself.
Bibliography
Corresponding Footnote or Endnote Reference
38
“Judge Helen Gregory MacGill.” British Columbia
“Judge Helen Gregory MacGill,” British Columbia
Web page,
Archives. Accessed April 25, 2012.
Archives, accessed April 25, 2012,
no author
http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/gal http://www.carchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler
ler10/frames/macgill.htm.
10/frames/macgill.htm.
39
Scarborough, Terry. “Science or Séance? Late-Victorian
Terry Scarborough. “Science or Séance? LateWeb page,
Science and Dracula's Epistolary Structure.” The
Victorian Science and Dracula's Epistolary Structure.”
with author
Victorian Web. Accessed June 20, 2012.
The Victorian Web. Accessed June 20, 2012,
http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/stoker/
http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/stoker/
scarborough1.html.
scarborough1.html.
40
Blog entries are not cited in the bibliography.
K. Mandla, “The Elephant in the Room: A Coda,”
Blog Entry
Motho ke motho ka botho (blog),
http://kmandla.wordpress.com.
Note: If a complete first name is available, it should be
provided.
Please consult your instructor or librarian for guidelines on website use.
Chicago Citation Style. Notes and Bibliography.
Okanagan College History and Library Departments. Fall 2012
4
Sample Title Page
The Sayer Trial:
Power and Justice in Rupert’s Land
John Doe
History 112: Canada to 1867
Dr. Jane Smith
November 19, 2012
Chicago Citation Style. Notes and Bibliography.
Okanagan College History and Library Departments. Fall 2012
5
Sample Footnoted Page
Doe 3
States. Christopher Lasch writes that “Americans took it as axiomatic, a cherished article of
political faith, that freedom had to rest on the broad distribution of property ownership.”7
Many English liberals, influenced by republican traditions, shared this belief: in England, it
was widely held that the United States and Switzerland were structurally democratic because
of their widespread property ownership.8 But the idealization of the independent propertyowner went deeper than a concern for material independence. It was also rooted in an
appraisal of character. According to Eugenio F. Biagini, John Stuart Mill “was committed to
peasant proprietorship on moral and political grounds.”9 Mill
praised the homestead farmer as the model citizen.... While the factory
proletarian was trained to work as part of a machine, the farmer was
employed from childhood in an activity fostering independent thinking and
creativity, and was free from the anguish and crushing misery that affected
the factory worker.10
The history of general opposition to the division or specialization of labour, based on its
detrimental effect on individual character formation, pre-dates the industrial revolution
among republicans. Republicans despised professional armies and politicians, which, they
argued, contributed to masculine passivity and dependence.11
_______________________
7
Christopher Lasch, The True and Only Heaven: Progress and its Critics (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991),
204.
8
Eugenio F. Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform: Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 18601880 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 88.
9
Biagini, 86.
10
Biagini, 86.
11
Lasch, The True and Only Heaven, 177.
Chicago Citation Style. Notes and Bibliography.
Okanagan College History and Library Departments. Fall 2012
6
Sample Bibliography
Bibliography
Backhouse, Constance B. “Married Women’s Property Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada.” Law and
History Review 6, no. 2 (Fall 1988): 211-257.
------. Petticoats and Prejudice: Women and Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada. Toronto: Women’s
Press, 1991.
Biagini, Eugenio F. Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform: Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone,
1860-1880. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Bragg, Billy. “Help Save the Youth of America.” Talking with the Taxman about Poetry. Elektra
B000002H40, 1990, compact disc.
“Bull and the Gun.” Edmonton Journal, August 18, 1990, G1.
Glavin, Terry. A Death Feast in Dimlahamid. Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990.
------. Nemiah: The Unconquered Country. Vancouver: New Star Books, 1992.
Lasch, Christopher. The True and Only Heaven: Progress and its Critics. New York: W.W. Norton,
1991.
McClain, James L. “Castle Towns and Daimyo Authority: Kanazawa in the Years 1583-1630.”
Journal of Japanese Studies 6, no. 2 (Summer 1980): 267-99. Accessed March 2, 2007.
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.okanagan.bc.ca/stable/132323.
Prentice, Alison, et al. Canadian Women: A History. Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.
Scarborough, Terry. “Science or Séance? Late-Victorian Science and Dracula's Epistolary Structure.”
The Victorian Web. Accessed June 20, 2012. http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/stoker/
scarborough1.html.
Shammas, Carole, Marylynn Salmon, and Michel Dahlin. Inheritance in America: From Colonial
Times to the Present. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987.
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. August 1914. Translated by Michael Glenny. Harmondsworth: Penguin,
1974.
Warrick, Gary. “European Infectious Disease and Depopulation of the Wendat-Tionontate (HuronPetun).” World Archaeology 35, no. 2 (2003): 258-75. doi:10.1080/004382403200011
1416.
Chicago Citation Style. Notes and Bibliography.
Okanagan College History and Library Departments. Fall 2012
7
FOOTNOTE/ENDNOTE CITATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES – A few tips
Provide footnotes or endnotes in the following situations:
• To indicate the exact source of every quotation used.
• To acknowledge indebtedness to others for opinions, ideas, or work product (e.g., statistics).
• To provide authority for facts that are not common knowledge, or that the reader might be inclined to
doubt.
• To provide pertinent information that would disrupt the flow of the argument if it was included in the essay
itself.
Footnoting and Endnoting Rules
• Notes may be placed at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the paper (endnotes).
• The names of the author(s) appear in the conventional order (first name, middle initial, last name). The title
page of the work dictates whether the author’s given names or his initials are to be cited.
• The first line of each note is indented. Subsequent lines are not.
• Each note is single spaced. Double space (or enter a space) between notes.
• If a work is cited more than once, provide a shortened reference, including the author’s last name, the title
in abbreviated form, and the page number. If you cite only one source by a particular author you may omit
the abbreviated title.
• Sources cited in the notes must appear in the bibliography, with the exception of reference works, personal
communications, and blog entries.
Bibliographies
Notes and bibliographies follow different rules. Consult pages one to four for detailed examples. The
following are distinctive features of the bibliography:
• The bibliography should begin on a separate page at the end of the paper (after the endnotes).
• The first author of each work is listed last-name-first.
• The entries are arranged alphabetically by the author’s last name (or the title of an anonymous work).
• The first line of each entry begins at the left margin. Subsequent lines are indented.
• When an author appears more than once in a bibliography the ditto sign for his or her name appears
as a line of six hyphens followed by a period: ------.
• The punctuation and style differs from the notes. Periods replace many of the commas found in note
entries. Some parentheses are omitted. For books, no page numbers are provided. For articles, the
entire page range is provided.
Chicago Citation Style. Notes and Bibliography.
Okanagan College History and Library Departments. Fall 2012
8