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Licensed to: CengageBrain User Licensed to: CengageBrain User This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers, 2nd Edition Michael A. Joyce Vice President, Career and Professional Editorial: Dave Garza Director of Learning Solutions: Sandy Clark Acquisitions Editor: James DeVoe © 2009, 2004 Delmar, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 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Managing Editor: Larry Main Product Manager: Mary Clyne Editorial Assistant: Tom Best Vice President, Career and Professional Marketing: Jennifer McAvey Marketing Director: Deborah Yarnell Marketing Manager: Mark Pierro Production Director: Wendy Troeger Production Manager: Mark Bernard Content Project Manager: Michael Tubbert Art Director: Bethany Casey For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Professional & Career Group Customer Support, 1-800-648-7450 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions. Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to [email protected]. Library of Congress Control Number: 2008924157 ISBN-13: 978-1-4283-3513-4 ISBN-10: 1-4283-3513-7 Delmar 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 USA Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your lifelong learning solutions, visit delmar.cengage.com Visit our corporate website at cengage.com. Notice to the Reader Publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein or perform any independent analysis in connection with any of the product information contained herein. Publisher does not assume, and expressly disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that provided to it by the manufacturer. The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. 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Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations OBJECTIVES Upon successful completion of this chapter, a student should recognize the following: ■ Common plumbing blueprint symbols and abbreviations ■ Basic electrical and HVAC blueprint symbols and abbreviations 1.1 INTRODUCTION Blueprint symbols and abbreviations are an essential aspect of designing and reading blueprints. Reference to industry standard information allows an individual to be productive on a job site and eventually become fluent in interpreting most situations arising on a project. Use the information in this chapter to learn common abbreviations and symbols used throughout this book and in the plumbing industry. 1.2 DESIGN INTENT Design intent is the expected and often the only possible outcome of a complete project or piping system. An architect or engineer establishes a design based on various factors, such as adherence to codes, customer expectations and desires, and intended layout of a building. Locations of plumbing fixtures, sizes of piping, and the type of fixtures or products are examples of design intent that are communicated with blueprints. An architect or engineer designing a building or piping system is communicating design intent with a blueprint. Design intent can vary with each specific project or installation. The actual piping locations within walls and ceilings typically require coordination on a job site and design intent is used to locate points of reference and desired termination locations. Abbreviations and symbols are used to communicate designs without adding too much information that would clutter the blueprint. Illustrating plumbing fixtures located within a bathroom is an example of expressing design intent with abbreviations and symbols. If conflicts occur while attempting to satisfy the intended design, written permission must be submitted to architect to change the initial intent. In some instances, a bathroom fixture, such as a toilet location may not be capable of being installed where intended due to conflicts with structural beams or joists. In this case, the plumber would communicate with the architect to relocate the fixture. This may change the physical location of the fixture, but does not change the design intent of having the fixture within the bathroom. 1 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 2 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers 1.3 COMMON PLUMBING ABBREVIATIONS Not all abbreviations are industry standard and use of abbreviations must include a legend. A legend is a listing of abbreviations that indicate design intent. An architect creates a legend reflecting abbreviations used for the specific project. Table 1.1 includes some abbreviations that may be used in the plumbing trade. All abbreviations listed are capitalized, but some are actually written in a legend with lowercase letters. Some abbreviations listed in Table 1.1 are more relevant for ordering material than expressing a design. Additional abbreviations are included in Table A.6 in Appendix A. Some abbreviations have multiple meanings, while others are similar, but very different. An example of similar abbreviations having different meanings is C-C indicates center-to-center of two fittings and C ⫻ C represents copper-by-copper when ordering material. Table 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations Abbreviation Stands For ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ADA Americans with Disabilities Act AFF Above Finished Floor AG Aboveground BD Building Drain BFP Backflow Preventer BM Bench Mark BS Building Sewer BT Bathtub BTU British Thermal Unit BV Ball Valve or Butterfly Valve or Branch Vent C to C or C-C or CC Center-to-Center C⫻C Copper-by-Copper C⫻C⫻C Copper-by-Copper-by-Copper C to F Center-to-Face C⫻F Copper-by-Female C⫻M Copper-by-Male CF or CU FT or FT3 Cubic Foot/Feet CI or C. I. Cast iron CI or CU IN or IN3 Cubic Inch CMU Concrete Masonry Unit CO Cleanout CP Chrome Plated or Control Point Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 3 Table 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations (continued) Abbreviation Stands For CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride CV Circuit Vent CW Cold Water CY or CU YD or YD3 Cubic Yard D Diameter DEG or ° Degree DF Drinking Fountain DFU Drainage Fixture Unit DH Double Hub DR Drain or Drainage DW Dishwasher DWG Drawing DWV Drainage Waste and Vent E to C or E-C or EC End-to-Center E to E or E-E End-to-End ECO End Cleanout EWC Electric Water Cooler EWH Electric Water Heater F to F or F-F Face-to-Face F Fahrenheit FB Fixture Branch FCO Floor Cleanout FD Floor Drain and Fixture Drain FF Finished Floor FIG Figure FIP Female Iron Pipe FLG Flange FLGD Flanged FLR Floor FPS or F/S Feet Per Second Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 4 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers Table 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations (continued) Abbreviation Stands For FS Floor Sink FT Foot or Feet FTG Footing and Fitting FU Fixture Unit G Gas GAL Gallon GALV Galvanized GI Galvanized Iron GND Ground GPF Gallons Per Flush GPH Gallons Per Hour GPM Gallons Per Minute GPS Gallons Per Second HB Hose Bib (Bibb) or Horizontal Branch HD Heavy Duty or Hub Drain HTR Heater HW Hot Water HWH Hot Water Heater HWR Hot Water Return ID Inside Diameter IE Invert Elevation IN Inch INV Invert IPC International Plumbing Code IPS Iron Pipe Size IW Indirect Waste JS Janitor Sink KO Knock Out KS Kitchen Sink L or LGTH Length LAV Lavatory Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 5 Table 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations (continued) Abbreviation Stands For LB Pound LH Left Hand LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas LPS or L/S Liters Per Second LV Loop Vent and Low Voltage MAINT Maintenance MATL Material MAX Maximum MECH Mechanical MH Manhole MIN Minimum MISC Miscellaneous MS Mop Sink N North NH No Hub NPS National Pipe Size NPT National Pipe Thread NTS Not To Scale OD Outside Diameter OS&Y Outside Screw and Yoke PE Plain End or Polyethylene PEX Cross Linked Polyethylene PLG Plumbing PLMG Plumbing POC Point Of Connection PRV Pressure Reducing Valve PSI Pounds Per Square Inch PVB Pressure Vacuum Breaker PVC Polyvinyl Chloride QTY Quantity R Radius Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 6 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers Table 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations (continued) Abbreviation Stands For RED Reducing or Reducer RH Right Hand RI Rough-In RPZ Reduced Pressure Zone Valve S Sink or Sewer SA Shock Absorber SAN Sanitary SCH Schedule SF or FT2 or SQ FT Square Foot or Square Feet SH Single Hub SHR Shower SHWR Shower SK Sketch or Sink SPEC Specifications SS Stainless Steel or Sanitary Sewer or Soil Stack or Service Sink SV Stack Vent or Safety Valve or Service Weight Pipe SVCI Service Weight Cast Iron T&P Temperature and Pressure TBM Temporary Bench Mark TEMP Temperature TLT Toilet (see WC) TP Trap Primer or Tie-in Point TYP Typical UG Underground UNO Unless Noted Otherwise UPC Uniform Plumbing Code UR Urinal VB Vacuum Breaker VERT Vertical VIF Verify In Field Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 7 Table 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations (continued) Abbreviation Stands For VS Vent Stack VTR Vent Through Roof WC Water Closet (see TLT) WCO Wall Cleanout WH Wall Hydrant or Water Heater WM Washing Machine or Water Meter WS Waste Stack WSFU Water Supply Fixture Unit YD Yard Add Your Abbreviations Table 1.2 is for you to include specific abbreviations not included in Table 1.1 that are discussed in a classroom or used on a job site. Using Table 1.2 is creating a specific legend similar to an architect creating a listing for a project. Additional abbreviations are included in Table A.6 in Appendix A. Table 1.2 Add Your Plumbing Abbreviations Abbreviation Stands For 1.4 COMMON PLUMBING SYMBOLS Symbols are used throughout the construction industry to illustrate typical devices, equipment, fixtures, piping systems, and other specific items. Many projects require engineers and architects to create non-typical symbols relating to job conditions, similar to those depicted in Figures 1.1A and 1.1B. Common symbol knowledge is essential in reading blueprints, regardless of the type of construction. All the piping-related symbols in Figures 1.1A and 1.1B are generic and do not represent a specific pipe connection or material type. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 8 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers DETAIL SYMBOL TOP HALF OF CIRCLE INDICATES SECTION (SIDE) VIEW DETAIL NUMBER 6 P3 BOTTOM HALF OF CIRCLE INDICATES BLUEPRINT PAGE THAT THE SECTION (SIDE) VIEW DETAIL CAN BE REVIEWED DETAIL 6, DRAWING P3 SECTION SYMBOL ARROW INDICATES DIRECTION OF VIEW 6 P3 SCOPE OF SECTION (SIDE) VIEW TAIL INDICATES TOTAL SCOPE OF THE VIEW ALL PIPING RELATED SYMBOLS ARE GENERIC AND DO NOT REPRESENT A CONNECTION OR MATERIAL TYPE. MANY PLAN VIEWS ARE ALSO USED ON SECTION AND SIDE VIEW DRAWINGS CHECK VALVE (ARROW INDICATES FLOW DIRECTION) GATE VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL) GLOBE VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL) BALL VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL) TEE UP (PLAN VIEW) TEE DOWN (PLAN VIEW) 90 DEGREE FITTING UP (PLAN VIEW) 90 DEGREE FITTING DOWN (PLAN VIEW) 45 DEGREE OFFSET (PLAN VIEW) P-TRAP (PLAN VIEW) FIGURE 1.1A ■ Common plumbing symbols. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 9 COLD WATER (SINGLE DOT) HOT WATER (DOUBLE DOT) HOT WATER RETURN (TRIPLE DOT) VENT (CONTINUOUS DOTTED LINE) TANK TYPE TOILET (WATER CLOSET) BATHTUB LAVATORY KITCHEN SINK SHOWER URINAL HOSE FAUCET CAP REDUCER FIGURE 1.1B ■ Common plumbing symbols. You will learn later is this book in depth about three views that piping is illustrated on a blueprint. Plan, side, and isometric views are the three views used to communicate design intent of a piping system. A plan view is a view from the top of a piping system, a side view, which is also called a section view, is viewing a portion of a system or building from the side, and an isometric view is a three-dimensional view. Plan view symbols in Figure 1.1A of fittings, such as tee up, are also used in the same manner when illustrating a tee toward you when illustrating a side view. Notice next to relevant symbols in Figure 1.1A “Plan View” is written in parenthesis. This is for lesson purpose only and would not be included in a design. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 10 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers Add Your Own Symbols Below Use Table 1.3 to add your own symbols as needed for further classroom study or job site use. Table 1.3 Add Your Plumbing Symbols Symbol Stands For 1.5 COMMON ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS A plumber coordinates installations with other trades, and knowing basic electrical symbols and abbreviations assist in communicating with electrical contractors. As with plumbing symbols and abbreviations, the electrical trade has industry standard and non-typical symbols and abbreviations. Some abbreviations are used for all aspects of the construction trade, such as AFF representing above finished floor. This abbreviation indicates the height above a floor of specific portions of a design, such as the height of electrical switches, plumbing fixtures, and ceilings. Basic Electrical Symbols A plumber must possess basic knowledge of other trade symbols to coordinate his or her work. Figures 1.2A, 1.2B, and 1.2C exhibit some of the more common electrical symbols used in the construction trade. A plumber would not have to know every electrical symbol, but would refer to the blueprint page (legend) indicating the meaning of a symbol. Basic Electrical Abbreviations Understanding electrical abbreviations is not crucial for installing plumbing systems, but is often important when coordinating installation activities or designs. Basic knowledge and understanding abbreviations allows an individual to discuss project requirements in a thorough and professional manner. Table 1.4 shows the more common electrical abbreviations used in project blueprints today. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 11 CONDUCTOR OR WIRE CROSSING CONDUCTORS (NOT CONNECTED) CROSSING CONDUCTORS (CONNECTED) TERMINAL OR BINDING POST SINGLE POLE SINGLE THROW (SPST) SWITCH MOTOR M GROUND CIRCUIT BREAKER CEILING OUTLET CEILING OUTLET, RECESSED FIXTURE J JUNCTION BOX DUPLEX RECEPTACLE WEATHERPROOF RECEPTACLE WP RANGE RECEPTACLE R FLOOR RECEPTACLE S SINGLE POLE SWITCH S3 THREE-WAY SWITCH FIGURE 1.2A ■ Common electrical symbols. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 12 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers COMBINATION SWITCH AND RECEPTACLE S DISTRIBUTION PANEL SERVICE PANEL SWITCH, DOUBLE THROW (GENERAL) FUSE + POSITIVE - NEGATIVE 2 POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (TERMINALS SHOWN) L LAMP SINGLE RECEPTACLE FAN (MOTOR) or HOMERUN EXIT SIGN P PULL CHAIN T THERMOSTAT FIGURE 1.2B ■ Common electrical symbols. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 13 SYMBOLS FOR RECEPTACLES HAVING AN ATTACHED ABBREVIATION INDICATE DESIGNATION OF RECEPTACLE WP = WEATHERPROOF W = WASHING MACHINE GF = GROUND FAULT R = RANGE REF = REFRIGERATOR D = DRYER AMPERAGE RATING MAY ALSO BE ATTACHED TO RECEPTACLE SYMBOLS. EXAMPLE: 20 = 20 AMPS AND WP = WEATHERPROOF THIS SYMBOL INDICATES A 20 AMP WEATHERPROOF DUPLEX RECEPTACLE 20 WP FIGURE 1.2C ■ Common electrical symbols. Table 1.4 Common Electrical Abbreviations Abbreviation Stands For Abbreviation Stands For AMP Amperage KW Kilowatt D Dryer MV Millivolt DW Dishwasher NEC National Electrical Code EF Exhaust Fan R Range FACP Fire Alarm Control Panel S Switch G Ground V Voltage GFI Ground Fault Interrupter W Washing Machine KVA Kilovoltage Amperes WP Weatherproof Add Your Own Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations Use Table 1.5 to add your own symbols and abbreviations as needed. Through your classroom studies or job site experience you can use this listing for future reference. Table 1.5 Add Your Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations Symbols/Abbreviations Stands For Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 14 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers 1.6 COMMON HVAC SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS As with electrical symbols and abbreviations, a plumber does not have to know all details of an HVAC (heating ventilation and air conditioning) system to install a plumbing system. For anyone responsible for coordination or designing of a plumbing system, basic knowledge and understanding of HVAC symbols allows for a productive and professional approach to a project. A plumber is more likely to coordinate with the HVAC trade than the electrical trade on larger projects. Ducts and piping often compete for the same space in corridor ceilings and mechanical equipment rooms. A mechanical contracting company often installs plumbing, heating, and air conditioning systems. An employee for a company installing multiple systems may have to know more symbols and abbreviations than a plumber installing only plumbing systems. Figures 1.3A and 1.3B illustrate many common HVAC symbols. HVAC Abbreviations Table 1.6 list common abbreviations a plumber may encounter on a blueprint. Notice the abbreviation FD stands for fire damper, while that abbreviation stands for floor drain or fixture drain when relating it to plumbing. SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSER RETURN AIR DIFFUSER FLEXIBLE DUCT 90° ELBOW WITH TURNING VALVES SQUARE TO ROUND TRANSITION EF EXHAUST FAN PNEUMATIC THERMOSTAT ELECTRICAL THERMOSTAT HUMIDISTAT 4' × 2' TROFFER DIFFUSER FIGURE 1.3A ■ Common HVAC symbols. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 15 BD MANUAL BALANCING DAMPER SUPPLY BRANCH TAKE OFF WITH MANUAL BALANCING DAMPER DD DUCT MOUNTED SMOKE DAMPER BOTTOM FLAT TRANSITION TOP FLAT TRANSITION TWO-DIRECTIONAL SUPPLY DIFFUSER FOUR-DIRECTIONAL SUPPLY DIFFUSER FIGURE 1.3B ■ Common HVAC symbols. Table 1.6 Common HVAC Abbreviations Abbreviation Stands For AC Air Conditioning AHU Air Handling Unit ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers ASHVE American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers BD Balancing Damper BOD Bottom of Duct BTU British Thermal Unit CFM Cubic Feet Per Minute EF Exhaust Fan FAI Fresh Air Intake Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 16 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers Table 1.6 Common HVAC Abbreviations (continued) Abbreviation Stands For FCU Fan Coil Unit FD Fire Damper FOB Flat On Bottom FOT Flat On Top HTG Heating HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning RA Return Air RAG Return Air Grille RTU Roof Top Unit SA Supply Air SAG Supply Air Grille SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association SD Split Damper TOD Top of Duct VAV Variable Air Volume VD Volume Damper Add Your Own HVAC Abbreviations and Symbols Use the space in Table 1.7 to add your own symbols and abbreviations as needed. Add to this listing to have for future reference on a job site. Table 1.7 Add Your HVAC Abbreviations and Symbols Symbols/Abbreviations Stands For Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 17 SUMMARY Understanding common blueprint abbreviations and symbols is important for anyone trying to progress in blueprint reading and drafting. A blueprint is a visual representation of a project condensed onto paper. Abbreviations and symbols are necessary to maintain clear design intent without having too much information on a page or within a detail. The three views used to illustrate design intent of a piping system are plan, side (section), and isometric. An individual must be able to recognize specific symbols and interpret project requirements to estimate and construct based on architectural or engineering designs. Abbreviations are used in every aspect of a design and a plumber must have a thorough knowledge of plumbing abbreviations and basic knowledge of other trade abbreviations. As your training progresses with this book, you can refer to the abbreviations and symbols in this chapter until they become recognizable. Additional abbreviations are in Appendix A of this book. More important than knowing them as you study is remembering them during employment. An employer expects an employee with training to use learned skills to increase productivity. ASSIGNMENT 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations Complete the blank areas of abbreviations or their meaning in Table 1.8. Table 1.8 Common Plumbing Abbreviations A through D Abbreviation Stands For ADA Above Finished Floor BTU C-C Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Cleanout CW Drainage Fixture Unit DF Drainage Waste and Vent Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User 18 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers ASSIGNMENT 1.2 Common Plumbing Abbreviations Complete the blank areas of abbreviations or their meaning in Table 1.9. Table 1.9 Common Plumbing Abbreviations E through J Abbreviation Stands For ECO Electric Water Cooler EWH Floor Drain HW Inside Diameter IE Iron Pipe Size JS ASSIGNMENT 1.3 Common Plumbing Abbreviations Complete the blank areas of abbreviations or their meaning in Table 1.10. Table 1.10 Common Plumbing Abbreviations K through W Abbreviation Stands For KS Lavatory LH North Outside Diameter PRV Pounds Per Square Inch VIF Vent Through Roof WH Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 19 ASSIGNMENT 1.4 Design Intent 1. Locations, sizes, and types of products are part of a design intent. True _____ False _____ 2. Design intent is illustrated on a blueprint. Actual routing or placement of piping must be coordinated on a job site. True _____ False _____ 3. The physical locations of fixtures are part of design intent. True _____ False _____ 4. The size of piping is not part of design intent. True _____ False _____ 5. Abbreviations and symbols are not used to show design intent. True _____ False _____ ASSIGNMENT 1.5 Plumbing Symbols 1. On the line below each symbol, fill in the correct identification of each symbol in Figure 1.4 based on a plan view. SINGLE DOT FIGURE 1.4 ■ DOUBLE DOT CONTINUOUS DOTS Plan view symbols. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
